FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Schmechel, D Lindsley, WG Chen, TB Blachere, FM Green, BJ Brundage, RA Beezhold, DH AF Schmechel, D. Lindsley, W. G. Chen, T. B. Blachere, F. M. Green, B. J. Brundage, R. A. Beezhold, D. H. TI A two-stage personal cyclone sampler for the collection of fungal aerosols and direct ELISA and PCR sample analysis SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Schmechel, D.; Lindsley, W. G.; Chen, T. B.; Blachere, F. M.; Green, B. J.; Brundage, R. A.; Beezhold, D. H.] NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 739 BP S188 EP S188 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.102 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460401124 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Siegel, P AF Zhang, X. Siegel, P. TI Effect of cetirizine on early- and late-phase airway responses in a brown Norway rat model of allergic asthma SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 63rd Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Allergy-Asthma-and-Immunology CY FEB 23-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Acad Allergy, Asthma & Immunol C1 [Zhang, X.; Siegel, P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0091-6749 EI 1097-6825 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 SU 1 MA 1176 BP S301 EP S301 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.12.548 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 238PT UT WOS:000251460401559 ER PT J AU McShane, WJ Pappas, RS Paschal, D AF McShane, William J. Pappas, R. Steven Paschal, Dan TI Analysis of total arsenic, total selenium and total chromium in urine by inductively coupled plasma-dynamic reaction cell-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ICP-MS; GAS; INTERFERENCES; SPECIATION; ELEMENTS; SAMPLES; WATER AB An accurate and simple method for the determination of total arsenic, total selenium and total chromium in urine has been developed using inductively coupled argon plasma- dynamic reaction cell- mass spectrometry ( ICP- DRC- MS). Determination was by external calibration, using matrixmatched standards and high purity calibration materials from a commercial vendor. Aliquots of each urine specimen were diluted (1 + 9) with 2% (v/v) nitric acid containing rhodium and iridium as an internal standard. Argon cell gas was used to remove the isobaric interferences that normally adversely a. ect As-75, Se-78 and Cr-52 analysis by ICP- MS and require the use of a dynamic reaction cell (DRC). The principle isobars that interfere with these measurements are [(ArCl)-Ar-40-Cl-35](+), [(ArAr)-Ar-40-Ar-38](+) and [(ArC)-Ar-40-C-12](+) for(75) As, Se-78 and Cr-52, respectively. The counts at m/z 75 (arsenic); 78 (selenium); 52 (chromium), 103 (rhodium), and 193 ( iridium) were measured. The ratios of the counts at m/z 75 or 78 to those at m/z 193, and m/z 52 to those at m/z 103 were calculated. These ratios were compared with those from urine- based calibration standards to calculate the arsenic, selenium, and chromium concentrations in unknown specimens. The concentrations of arsenic, selenium, and chromium were calculated as mu g L-1 in the sample. No creatinine corrections were made, although these could easily be made with data for urine creatinine for each specimen. The proposed method uses the same diluted urine solutions prepared for conventional ICP- MS toxic metal biomonitoring and chemical terrorism screening analysis with the same internal standards; and uses argon as the DRC cell gas. The proposed method provides the basis for an accurate method for determining total arsenic, total selenium, and total chromium in unexposed subjects, and in persons considered to be exposed to those elements through chemical terrorism, environmental, nutritional or other pathways. Approximately 100 specimens, including blanks, calibration standards and quality-control materials, can be processed in an 8 h day. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Battelle, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McShane, WJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Battelle, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-44, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wmm9@cdc.gov; rlp6@cdc.gov; dcp2@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2007 VL 22 IS 6 BP 630 EP 635 DI 10.1039/b613884e PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 171VT UT WOS:000246764200005 ER PT J AU Rao, JR Nelson, DWA Xiao, L Matsuda, M Rooney, PJ Moore, JE Sekizuka, T Lowery, CJ Dooley, JSG Millar, BC AF Rao, J. R. Nelson, D. W. A. Xiao, L. Matsuda, M. Rooney, P. J. Moore, J. E. Sekizuka, T. Lowery, C. J. Dooley, J. S. G. Millar, B. C. TI Prevalence of unusual viral RNA, enteropathogens, Cryptosporidia in poultry litter, pig wastes and waterways of Ireland and their impact on environmental health SO JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE unusual viral RNA; enteropathogens; avian influenza C1 [Rao, J. R.] Agr Food & Biosci Inst, Environm & Publ Hlth Microbiol Unit, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Rao, J. R.; Nelson, D. W. A.] Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Xiao, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Matsuda, M.; Rooney, P. J.] Asabi Univ, Sch Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Biol Lab, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Rooney, P. J.; Moore, J. E.; Millar, B. C.] Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Lowery, C. J.; Dooley, J. S. G.] Univ Ulster, Sch Life & Hlth Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ANIMAL SCIENCE PI SAVOY PA 1111 NORTH DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0021-8812 J9 J ANIM SCI JI J. Anim. Sci. PY 2007 VL 85 SU 1 BP 269 EP 269 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 213UN UT WOS:000249692700837 ER PT J AU Helbig, JH Benson, RF Pelaz, C Jacobs, E Luck, PC AF Helbig, J. H. Benson, R. F. Pelaz, C. Jacobs, E. Lueck, P. C. TI Identification and serotyping of atypical Legionella pneumophila strains isolated from human and environmental sources SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fatty acid analysis; Legionella pneumophila; mip gene; Mip protein; monoclonal antibodies; serotyping ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; SEROGROUPS; SEQUENCE; SCHEME; GENE AB Aims: To validate identification methods for Legionella pneumophila strains that cannot be serotyped into the known serogroups and to characterize their antigenic diversity. Methods and Results: Fifty L. pneumophila strains that could not be serogrouped, but which had been confirmed as L. pneumophila by mip gene sequencing, were further identified phenotypically. We used (i) MONOFLUO anti-Legionella Staining Reagent (Bio-Rad) (50/50), (ii) an in-house prepared immunoblot assay for the detection of L. pneumophila-specific Mip protein epitope (50/50), (iii)fatty acid analysis using the Microbial Identifications System (MIDI) (47/50) and (iv) Oxoid agglutination tests (44/50). The serological diversity was further characterized by testing with five serogroup-cross-reactive monoclonal antibodies, resulting in nine phenons. Conclusions: The division of L. pneumophila into 15 serogroups does not reflect the serogroup heterogeneity. Results of these tests indicate that there are more serogroups. Significance and Impact of the Study: MONOFLUO anti-Legionella Staining Reagent is the only commercially available tool for identifying atypical strains of L. pneumophila. If necessary for epidemiological purposes, the antigenic heterogeneity of these strains can be analysed by monoclonal antibodies. C1 Tech Univ Dresden, Fak Med, Inst Med Mikrobiol & Hyg, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Natl Microbiol, Madrid, Spain. RP Helbig, JH (reprint author), Tech Univ Dresden, Fak Med, Inst Med Mikrobiol & Hyg, Fetscherstasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany. EM j.helbig@mailbox.tu-dresden.de NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 102 IS 1 BP 100 EP 105 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2006.03057.x PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 116VY UT WOS:000242832900011 PM 17184324 ER PT J AU Rudd, RA Moorman, JE AF Rudd, Rose Anne Moorman, Jeanne E. TI Asthma incidence: Data from the National Health Interview Survey, 1980-1996 SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; incidence; prevalence; epidemiology; health surveys ID PREVALENCE; TRENDS; SYMPTOMS; ADULTS; RISK AB Objective. To obtain historical estimates of US asthma incidence from 17 years of health survey data. Methods. The 1980 through 1996 National Health Interview Survey contained a question asking about the time of asthma onset in persons with asthma. Annual past year incidence estimates were calculated from self-reports of asthma status. Results. Incidence increased from 2.5 per 1,000 (SE 0.37) in 1980 to 6.0 per 1,000 (SE 0.75) in 1996. Incidence increased faster in children than in adults and increased in females but not in males during this time. Conclusion. These findings suggest that increasing asthma incidence contributed to the increasing prevalence during this time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, AIr Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rudd, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, AIr Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rvr2@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1080/02770900601125896 PG 6 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 140TA UT WOS:000244528400011 PM 17365207 ER PT J AU Milian, A Nierenberg, K Fleming, LE Bean, JA Wanner, A Reich, A Backer, LC Jayroe, D Kirkpatrick, B AF Milian, Alexyz Nierenberg, Kate Fleming, Lora E. Bean, Judy A. Wanner, Adam Reich, Andrew Backer, Lorraine C. Jayroe, David Kirkpatrick, Barbara TI Reported respiratory symptom intensity in asthmatics during exposure to aerosolized Florida red tide toxins SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; symptom score; brevetoxins; red tide; Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs); Karenia brevis ID DINOFLAGELLATE TOXINS; MARINE AEROSOL; BREVETOXINS; PERCEPTION; BREVIS AB Florida red tides are naturally occurring blooms of the marine dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. K. brevis produces natural toxins called brevetoxins. Brevetoxins become part of the marine aerosol as the fragile, unarmored cells are broken up by wave action. Inhalation of the aerosolized toxin results in upper and lower airway irritation. Symptoms of brevetoxin inhalation include: eye, nose, and throat irritation, coughing, wheezing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Asthmatics appear to be more sensitive to the effects of inhaled brevetoxin. This study examined data from 97 asthmatics exposed at the beach for 1 hour during K. brevis blooms, and on separate occasions when no bloom was present. In conjunction with extensive environmental monitoring, participants were evaluated utilizing questionnaires and pulmonary function testing before and after a 1-hour beach walk. A modified Likert scale was incorporated into the questionnaire to create respiratory symptom intensity scores for each individual pre- and post-beach walk. Exposure to Florida red tide significantly increased the reported intensity of respiratory symptoms; no significant changes were seen during an unexposed period. This is the first study to examine the intensity of reported respiratory symptoms in asthmatics after a 1-hour exposure to Florida red tide. C1 Mote Marine Lab, MS Environm Hlth Program, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Nierenberg, K (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, MS Environm Hlth Program, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM knierenberg@mote.org FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES 10594, P01 ES010594, P01 ES010594-07] NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2007 VL 44 IS 7 BP 583 EP 587 DI 10.1080/02770900701539251 PG 5 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 220QX UT WOS:000250173500015 PM 17885863 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Balluz, LS Ford, ES AF Strine, Tara W. Balluz, Lina S. Ford, Earl S. TI The associations between smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, and asthma severity in the general US population SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; smoking; physical activity; obesity; surveillance ID BODY-MASS INDEX; AIRWAY INFLAMMATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; LUNG-FUNCTION; YOUNG-ADULTS; EXERCISE; DISEASE; CESSATION; PREVALENCE; THERAPY AB The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, and asthma severity among US adults. The magnitude of these associations was very strong. For example, those who visited an emergency room in the past year were 60% more likely than those who did not to smoke; those who used an inhaler >= 15 times in the past month (versus those who did not use an inhaler) were 90% more likely to be physically inactive; and those who had asthma symptoms all the time in the past 30 days (versus those with no symptoms) were 80% more likely to be obese. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2007 VL 44 IS 8 BP 651 EP 658 DI 10.1080/02770900701554896 PG 8 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 231BZ UT WOS:000250922800011 PM 17943577 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Crawford, SB Lin, HM AF Williamson, John M. Crawford, Sara B. Lin, Hung-Mo TI Resampling dependent concordance correlation coefficients SO JOURNAL OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE agreement; bootstrap; concordance correlation coefficient; correlated data; permutation test; resampling ID EVALUATE REPRODUCIBILITY; STATISTICAL-METHODS; ASSESSING AGREEMENT; MODELS; TESTS AB The concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) is a popular index for measuring the reproducibility of continuous variables. We examine two resampling approaches, permutation testing and the bootstrap, for conducting hypothesis tests on dependent CCCs obtained from the same sample. Resampling methods are flexible, require minimal marginal and joint distributional assumptions, and do not rely on large sample theory. However, the permutation test requires a restrictive assumption (exchangeability) which limits its applicability in this situation. Simulation results indicate that inference based on the bootstrap is valid, although type-I error rates are inflated for small sample sizes (approximate to 30). For illustration we analyze data from a carotid stenosis screening study. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA USA. RP Williamson, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jow5@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1054-3406 J9 J BIOPHARM STAT JI J. Biopharm. Stat. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 4 BP 685 EP 696 DI 10.1080/10543400701329471 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Statistics & Probability SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Mathematics GA 194AC UT WOS:000248315300009 PM 17613648 ER PT J AU Baughman, AL AF Baughman, A. L. TI Mixture model framework facilitates understanding of zero-inflated and hurdle models for count data SO JOURNAL OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE count data; finite mixture model; hurdle model; zero-inflated model AB In this note, we comment on the Zero-inflated and hurdle models for count data presented by Rose et al., 2006, J. Biopharma. Stat. 16:463-481. By viewing these models as finite mixture models, one gains a better understanding of the components of the models, including assumptions about the latent variable(s) in the finite mixture models. Deciding whether a zero-inflated or hurdle model is appropriate for a given data set requires close collaboration with subject matter experts. For instance, in modeling vaccine adverse event count data, the pharmacokinetic rationale for the occurrence of an adverse event and the likelihood of detecting or reporting the adverse event are important considerations for mixture model development. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Baughman, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Bacterial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop C-25, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM ALB1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1054-3406 J9 J BIOPHARM STAT JI J. Biopharm. Stat. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 943 EP 946 DI 10.1080/10543400701514098 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Statistics & Probability SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Mathematics GA 211BN UT WOS:000249499400011 PM 17885875 ER PT J AU Tarr, CL Patel, JS Puhr, ND Sowers, EG Bopp, CA Strockbine, NA AF Tarr, Cheryl L. Patel, Jayna S. Puhr, Nancy D. Sowers, Evangeline G. Bopp, Cheryl A. Strockbine, Nancy A. TI Identification of Vibrio isolates by a multiplex PCR assay and rpoB sequence determination SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HSP60 GENE-SEQUENCES; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; CHOLERAE; MISIDENTIFICATION; PARAHAEMOLYTICUS; PHYLOGENY; MIMICUS; MEMBERS AB Vibrio, a diverse genus of aquatic bacteria, currently includes 72 species, 12 of which occur in human clinical samples. Of these 12, three species-Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus-account for the majority of Vibrio infections in humans. Rapid and accurate identification of Vibrio species has been problematic because phenotypic characteristics are variable within species and biochemical identification requires 2 or more days to complete. To facilitate the identification of human-pathogenic species, we developed a multiplex PCR that uses species-specific primers to amplify gene regions in four species (V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, and V. mimicus). The assay was tested on a sample of 309 Vitbrio isolates representing 26 named species (including 12 human pathogens) that had been characterized by biochemical methods. A total of 190 isolates that had been identified as one of the four target species all yielded results consistent with the previous classification. The assay identified an additional four V. parahaemolyticus isolates among the other 119 isolates. Sequence analysis based on rpoB was used to validate the multiplex results for these four isolates, and all clustered with other V. parahaemolyticus sequences. The rpoB sequences for 12 of 15 previously unidentified isolates clustered with other Vibrio species in a phylogenetic analysis, and three isolates appeared to represent unnamed Vibrio species. The PCR assay provides a simple, rapid, and reliable tool for identification of the major Vibrio pathogens in clinical samples, and rpoB sequencing provides an additional identification tool for other species in the genus Vibrio. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Battelle Sci & Technol Int, Atlanta Analyt Chem Grp, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tarr, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM crt6@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 80 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 134 EP 140 DI 10.1128/JCM.01544-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 131RJ UT WOS:000243887200019 PM 17093013 ER PT J AU Bonnstetter, KK Wolter, DJ Tenover, FC McDougal, LK Goering, RV AF Bonnstetter, Kristin K. Wolter, Daniel J. Tenover, Fred C. McDougal, Linda K. Goering, Richard V. TI Rapid multiplex PCR assay for identification of USA300 community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; FOOTBALL TEAM; INFECTIONS; EMERGENCE; CLONE; MRSA; PNEUMONIA; CHILDREN; SEQUENCE; DISEASE AB Recent reports have noted a discernible increase in the number of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections in patients without traditional risk factors. In the United States, the most prominent CA-MRSA strain encodes Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) cytotoxin genes, belongs to pulsed field gel electrophoresis type USA300 and multilocus sequence type 8, and carries staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV. At present, molecular characterization of MRSA strains, such as USA300, can be time-consuming and is often beyond the technical capability of many clinical laboratories, making routine identification difficult. We analyzed the chromosomal regions flanking the SCCmec element in 44 USA300 MRSA isolates and identified a signature "AT repeat" sequence within the conserved hypothetical gene SACOL0058 located 1.4 kb downstream of the 3' end of the J1-SCCmec chromosomal junction. Only USA300 isolates tested contained a sequence of >= 6 AT repeats in combination with PVL (e.g., related USA500 or Iberian strains had 2:6 AT repeats but were PVL negative). Using a locked nucleic acid primer specific for >= 6 AT repeats in combination with primers to detect PVL, we developed a multiplex PCR assay specific for the identification of USA300 strains. Multiplex results were 100% concordant with DNA sequencing, suggesting that the method has promise as a means of rapidly identifying USA300 isolates. C1 Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Goering, RV (reprint author), Creighton Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Omaha, NE 68178 USA. EM rgoering@creighton.edu OI Goering, Richard/0000-0001-7502-7185 NR 33 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 141 EP 146 DI 10.1128/JCM.01228-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 131RJ UT WOS:000243887200020 PM 17093011 ER PT J AU Zhai, JH Palacios, G Towner, JS Jabado, O Kapoor, V Venter, M Grolla, A Briese, T Paweska, J Swanepoel, R Feldmann, H Nichol, ST Lipkin, WI AF Zhai, Junhui Palacios, Gustavo Towner, Jonathan S. Jabado, Omar Kapoor, Vishal Venter, Marietjie Grolla, Allen Briese, Thomas Paweska, Janusz Swanepoel, Robert Feldmann, Heinz Nichol, Stuart T. Lipkin, W. Ian TI Rapid molecular strategy for filovirus detection and characterization SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; IDENTIFICATION; DIAGNOSIS; SOFTWARE; SEQUENCE; OUTBREAK; DNA AB Filoviruses have the capacity to cause lethal outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever in primates. Here we present a simple consensus reverse transcription-PCR method for filovirus recognition and characterization and demonstrate its utility with all known filovirus strains. Phylogenetic assignment is achieved by automated web-based sequence analysis of amplification products. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Pretoria, Dept Med Virol, NHLS, Tshwane Acad Div, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Special Pathogens Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Special Pathogens Program, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Univ Manitoba, Dept Med Microbiol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. RP Lipkin, WI (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, 722 W 168th St,Rm 1801, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM wil200l@columbia.edu RI Jabado, Omar/B-3406-2008; Venter, Marietjie/H-3032-2011; Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015; Venter, Marietjie/P-9604-2016 OI Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938; Venter, Marietjie/0000-0003-2696-824X FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI056118, AI51292, AI55466, R01 AI051292, R21 AI055466, R21 AI056118, U54 AI057158, U54AI57158] NR 13 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 224 EP 226 DI 10.1128/JCM.01893-06 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 131RJ UT WOS:000243887200032 PM 17079496 ER PT J AU Jones, RN Ferraro, MJ Reller, LB Schreckenberger, PC Swenson, JM Sader, HS AF Jones, Ronald N. Ferraro, Mary Jane Reller, L. Barth Schreckenberger, Paul C. Swenson, Jana M. Sader, Helio S. TI Multicenter studies of tigecycline disk diffusion susceptibility results for Acinetobacter spp. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA; BACTERIAL PATHOGENS; IN-VITRO; INFECTIONS; BAUMANNII; GAR-936; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COLLECTION; SPP. AB Acinetobacter sp. isolates having multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns have become common in many medical centers worldwide, limiting therapeutic options. A five-center study tested 103 contemporary clinical Acinetobacter spp., including MDR strains, by reference broth microdilution and disk diffusion (15-mu g disk content) methods against tigecycline. Applying U.S. Food and Drug Administration tigecycline breakpoint criteria for Enterobacteriaceae (susceptibility at <= 2 mu g/ml [<= 1 mu g/ml by the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing]; disk diffusion breakpoints at >= 19 mm and <= 14 mm) to Acinetobacter spp. led to an unacceptable error rate (23.3%). However, an adjustment of tigecycline disk diffusion breakpoints (susceptible/resistant) to >= 16/<= 12 mm reduced intermethod errors to an acceptable level (only 9.7%, all minor). C1 JMI Labs, N Liberty, IA 52317 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, RN (reprint author), JMI Labs, 345 Beaver Kreek Ctr,Suite A, N Liberty, IA 52317 USA. EM ronald-jones@jmilabs.com NR 28 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 227 EP 230 DI 10.1128/JCM.01588-06 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 131RJ UT WOS:000243887200033 PM 17093026 ER PT J AU Breitschwerdt, EB Magi, RG Sigmon, B Nicholson, WL AF Breitschwerdt, Edward B. Magi, Ricardo G. Sigmon, Betsy Nicholson, William L. TI Isolation of Bartonella quintana from a woman and a cat following putative bite transmission SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HENSELAE; INFECTIONS; SPP.; DOGS AB We report here the detection of Bartonella quintana, after putative bite transmission, in pre-enrichment blood cultures from a woman and from two feral barn cats. Prospective molecular epidemiological studies are necessary to characterize the risk of human Bartonella quintana infection following cat bites. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Intracellular Pathogens Res Lab, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ctr Comparat Med & Translat Res, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Breitschwerdt, EB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Intracellular Pathogens Res Lab, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM ed_breitschwerdt@ncsu.edu NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 270 EP 272 DI 10.1128/JCM.01451-06 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 131RJ UT WOS:000243887200047 PM 17093037 ER PT J AU Rao, JR Nelson, DWA Xiao, L Matsuda, M Sekizuka, T Lowery, CJ Dooley, JSG Millar, BC Rooney, PJ Moore, JE AF Rao, J. R. Nelson, D. W. A. Xiao, L. Matsuda, M. Sekizuka, T. Lowery, C. J. Dooley, J. S. G. Millar, B. C. Rooney, P. J. Moore, J. E. TI Prevalence of unusual viral RNA, enteropathogens, Cryptosporidia in poultry litter, pig wastes and waterways of Ireland and their impact on environmental health SO JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Annual Meeting of the American-Dairy-Science-Association/Poultry-Science-Association-Asociacio n-Mexicana-de-Produccion-Animal/American-Society-of-Animal-Science CY JUL 08, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Diary Sci Assoc, Poultry Sci Assoc, Asociac Mexicana Prod Anim, Amer Soc Anim Sci DE unusual viral RNA; enteropathogens; avian influenza C1 [Rao, J. R.] Agr Food & Biosci Inst, Environm & Publ Hlth Microbiol Unit, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Rao, J. R.; Nelson, D. W. A.] Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Xiao, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Matsuda, M.; Sekizuka, T.] Asabi Univ, Sch Environm Hlth Sci, Mol Biol Lab, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Millar, B. C.; Rooney, P. J.; Moore, J. E.] Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Lowery, C. J.; Dooley, J. S. G.] Univ Ulster, Sch Life & Hlth Sci, Coleraine, Londonderry, North Ireland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DAIRY SCIENCE ASSOC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874 USA SN 0022-0302 J9 J DAIRY SCI JI J. Dairy Sci. PY 2007 VL 90 SU 1 BP 269 EP 269 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science; Food Science & Technology SC Agriculture; Food Science & Technology GA 213UP UT WOS:000249692900836 ER PT J AU Harper, DM AF Harper, Daniel M. TI A diverse environmental public health workforce to meet the diverse environmental health challenges of the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, EHSB, US PHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Harper, DM (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, EHSB, US PHS, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dharper@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 69 IS 6 BP 52 EP 53 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 125SD UT WOS:000243461800007 PM 17265731 ER PT J AU Page, SJ Tuchman, DP Vinson, RP AF Page, Steven J. Tuchman, Donald P. Vinson, Robert P. TI Thermally induced filter bias in TEOM mass measurement SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID ELEMENT OSCILLATING MICROBALANCE; DIESEL PARTICULATE-EMISSIONS; PM10; DIRECTIONS; STANDARD; AIR AB Researchers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) have long used stationary tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOMs (R)) in laboratory settings. They have served to assess the mass concentration of laboratory-generated particulates in experimental dust chambers and they provide a reference method for comparison with other particulate-measuring instruments. Current NIOSH research is focused on further adapting TEOM technology as a wearable personal dust monitor (PDM) for coal mining occupations. This investigation's goal is to help identify, quantify, and provide means for resolving certain TEOM-related error. The present research investigated bias caused by thermal effects on filter assemblies. New filters used in the PDM for 8 It tests show an average positive bias of 25.5 mu g., while similar tests of equivalent filters used in two 1400A model TEOMs show an average positive bias of 34.3 mu g. The derived bias values allow correction of previously collected biased data. Also, pre-heating the filters for 24 h at 46 degrees C shows significant bias reduction, with PDM pre-heated filters subsequently averaging -3.3 mu g and 1400A TEOM filters averaging 5.9 mu g. On a single-point comparison to gravimetric sampling, a 25.5 mu g bias is only significant at low mass loadings. At 2.5 mg, this bias represents a negligible 1% of the mass measurement. If ordinary linear regression is used, the bias is still insignificant. However, if the more valid weighted linear regression is used, it gives more weight to the smaller dependent variable values, which are more impacted by the bias. Consequently, what is 1% bias on a single high-mass value can translate into a larger bias percentage at high-mass values when performing a weighted regression on data that include a large number of low-mass values. C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Page, SJ (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Pittsburgh Res Lab, POB 17070,626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 7 BP 760 EP 767 DI 10.1039/b704424k PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 185KE UT WOS:000247709100023 PM 17607397 ER PT J AU Tucker, SP AF Tucker, Samuel P. TI Investigation of reagent distributions on glass fiber membrane filters used in air sampling SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 233rd National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 25-29, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ISOCYANATE GROUP; AMBIENT AIR; FORMALDEHYDE; GLUTARALDEHYDE; MDI; HDI AB This project has arisen from the need to produce GFFs (glass fiber filters) bearing a thin and evenly distributed coating of a selected reagent in the equatorial plane for breakthrough studies. However, it has been discovered that today's two general techniques for coating GFFs (total immersion and application of reagent solution to GFFs) have usually produced unevenly distributed coatings of reagent in the equatorial plane. In addition, quantities of reagent on GFFs from commercial sources may vary widely in the same lot of coated GFFs. Consequences are variability in capacity of coated filters at the point of breakthrough and, perhaps, wasted reagent. Although today's reagent-coated filters may be satisfactory for routine air sampling, such filters may be unacceptable for precise breakthrough studies. Research has been conducted successfully to produce nearly evenly distributed coatings of reagents in the equatorial plane of GFFs by application of reagent solutions to the centers of GFFs which are resting on crisscrossing, fine, stainless-steel wire. Distributions of coatings have been determined by punching out twenty-one 5-mm circles from each GFF and analyzing each circle by flow-injection with a UV detector. Lowest achievable relative standard deviations of measurement (RSDs) for reagents in 5-mm circles have been 5 to 7%. Reagents studied have included 1-(2-pyridyl)piperazine (1-2PP), 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), and 1-(9-anthracenylmethyl)piperazine (MAP). Factors affecting the distribution of such coatings include choice of reagent and choice of solvent for the reagent solution. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Tucker, SP (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM spt1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1122 EP 1130 DI 10.1039/b70712n PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 216NQ UT WOS:000249885200043 PM 17909647 ER PT J AU Marcy, AD Drake, PL AF Marcy, A. Dale Drake, Pamela L. TI Development of a field method for measuring manganese in welding fume SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID WELDERS; WORKERS AB Workers who perform routine welding tasks are potentially exposed to fume that may contain manganese. Manganese may cause respiratory problems and is implicated in causing the occurrence of Parkinson-like symptoms. In this study, a field colorimetric method for extracting and measuring manganese in welding fume was developed. The method uses ultrasonic extraction with an acidic hydrogen peroxide solution to extract welding fume collected on polyvinyl chloride filters. Commercially available pre-packaged reagents are used to produce a colored solution, created by a reaction of manganese(II) with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol. Absorbance measurements are then made using a portable spectrophotometer. The method detection limit and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 5.2 mu g filter(-1) and 17 mu g filter(-1), respectively, with a dynamic range up to 400 mu g filter(-1). When the results are above the LOQ for the colorimetric method, the manganese masses are equivalent to those measured by the International Organization for Standardization Method 15202-2, which employs a strong acid digestion and analysis using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Spokane Res Lab, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. N Idaho Coll, Coeur Dalene, ID 83814 USA. RP Drake, PL (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Spokane Res Lab, 315 E Montgomery Ave, Spokane, WA 99207 USA. EM pdrake@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1199 EP 1204 DI 10.1039/b705252a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225IH UT WOS:000250509800007 ER PT J AU Harper, M Pacolay, B Hintz, P Bartly, DL Slaven, JE Andrew, ME AF Harper, Martin Pacolay, Bruce Hintz, Patrick Bartly, David L. Slaven, James E. Andrew, Michael E. TI Portable XRF analysis of occupational air filter samples from different workplaces using different sampler: final results, summary and conclusion SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID WET CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; LEAD AB This paper concludes a five-year program on research into the use of a portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer for analyzing lead in air sampling filters from different industrial environments, including mining, manufacturing and recycling. The results from four of these environments have already been reported. The results from two additional metal processes are presented here. At both of these sites, lead was a minor component of the total airborne metals and interferences from other elements were minimal. Nevertheless, only results from the three sites where lead was the most abundant metal were used in the overall calculation of method accuracy. The XRF analyzer was used to interrogate the filters, which were then subjected to acid digestion and analysis by inductively-coupled plasma optical-emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The filter samples were collected using different filter-holders or "samplers'' where the size (diameter), depth and homogeneity of aerosol deposit varied from sampler to sampler. The aerosol collection effeciencies of the samplers were expected to differ, especially for larger particles. The distribution of particles once having entered the sampler was also expected to differ between samplers. Samplers were paired to allow the between-sampler variability to be addressed, and, in some cases, internal sampler wall deposits were evaluated and compared to the filter catch. It was found, rather surprisingly, that analysis of the filter deposits (by ICP- OES) of all the samplers gave equivalent results. It was also found that deposits on some of the sampler walls, which in some protocols are considered part of the sample, could be significant in comparison to the filter deposit. If it is concluded that wall-deposits should be analyzed, then XRF analysis of the filter can only give a minimum estimate of the concentration. Techniques for the statistical analysis of field data were also developed as part of this program and have been reported elsewhere. The results, based on data from the three workplaces where lead was the major element present in the samples, are summarized here. A limit of detection and a limit of quantitation are provided. Analysis of some samples using a second analyzer with a different X-ray source technology indicated reasonable agreement for some metals (but this was not evaluated for lead). Provided it is only necessary to analyze the filters, most personal samplers will provide acceptable results when used with portable XRF analysis for lead around applicable limit values. C1 NIOSH, Exposure Assessment Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Spokane Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Harper, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Exposure Assessment Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS-3030, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 11 BP 1263 EP 1270 DI 10.1039/b710591f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 225IH UT WOS:000250509800015 PM 17968454 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Whipkey, DL Tennant, LB Weston, A AF Gwinn, Maureen R. Whipkey, Diana L. Tennant, Lora B. Weston, Ainsley TI Gene expression profiling of di-n-butyl phthalate in normal human mammary epithehal cells SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL PATHOLOGY TOXICOLOGY AND ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE phthalate; gene expression profiling; human cell strains; endocrine disruptors; reproductive defects ID PLACENTAL GROWTH-FACTOR; P53 POLYMORPHISMS; BREAST-CANCER; SERUM-LEVELS; PREECLAMPSIA; METABOLITES; INHIBIN; PROTEIN; WOMEN; MAD2 AB Studies show that female workers in the personal-care industry have an increased risk of developing cancer believed to be the result of increased exposure to toxic and/or carcinogenic chemicals found in cosmetics, hair dyes, and nail polish. One chemical found in multiple personal-care products, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), is a known endocrine disruptor and has been found in increased levels in women of childbearing age. The goal of this study was to elucidate mechanisms of plithalate toxicity in normal human cells to provide information concerning interindividual variation and gene-environment interactions. Normal human mammary epithelial cell strains were obtained from discarded tissues following reduction mammoplasty [Cooperative Human Tissue Network (sponsors: NCI/NDRI)]. Gene transcription in each cell strain was analyzed using high-density oligonucleotide DNA microarrays (U133A, AffyMetrix((TM))) and changes in the expression of selected genes were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (AB1). DNA microarrays were hybridized with total RNA that was collected after DBP treatment for 5 hr and 10 hr. RNA was harvested from the vehicle control (acetone) at 10 hr. Data Mining Tool software (Affymetrix) was used to separate genes in clusters based on their expression patterns over time. Only 57 genes were found to be altered in all four cell strains following exposure to DBP. These included genes involved in fertility (inhibin, placental growth factor), immune response (tumor necrosis factor induced protein), and antioxidant status (glutathione peroxidase). Data from this study will help clarify the role of DBP in reproductive toxicity, and yield biomarkers of exposure for future epidemiology studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Mol Epidemiol Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Mol Epidemiol Team, MS L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM agw8@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 0731-8898 J9 J ENVIRON PATHOL TOX JI J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 PG 11 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 189VK UT WOS:000248016500006 PM 17725530 ER PT J AU Hadden, WC Muntaner, C Benach, J Gimeno, D Benavides, FG AF Hadden, W. C. Muntaner, C. Benach, J. Gimeno, D. Benavides, F. G. TI A glossary for the social epidemiology of work organisation: Part 3, terms from the sociology of labour markets SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL-HEALTH; EMPLOYMENT; CONTINGENT; FAMILY; JOB; EARNINGS; GENDER C1 Univ Toronto, Social Equity & Hlth Sect, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON M5T 158, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Pompeu Fabra, Dept Expt & Hlth Sci, Occupat Hlth Res Unit, Barcelona, Spain. UCL, Int Inst Soc & Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Muntaner, C (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Social Equity & Hlth Sect, Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, 250 Coll St, Toronto, ON M5T 158, Canada. EM carles_muntaner@camh.net RI Benavides, Fernando/A-5137-2008; Benach, Joan/H-2519-2013 OI Benavides, Fernando/0000-0003-0747-2660; Benach, Joan/0000-0003-2285-742X NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 12 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X EI 1470-2738 J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD JAN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 1 BP 6 EP 8 DI 10.1136/jech.2004.032656 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119EI UT WOS:000242994600003 PM 17183007 ER PT J AU Li, CY Ford, ES McGuire, LC Mokdad, AH AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. McGuire, Lisa C. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Association of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance with congestive heart failure: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; US ADULTS; PREVALENCE; HYPERINSULINEMIA; MEN; DEFINITIONS; POPULATION; PREDICTS AB Objective: Congestive heart failure (CHF) has been associated with insulin resistance, but few studies have examined its relationship with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Little is known about whether insulin resistance explains the association between MetS and CHF. Design: Population-based, cross-sectional surveys. Setting: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES III). Participants: Data from 5549 men and non-pregnant women aged >= 40 years in NHANES III were analysed. Results: About 4% of men and 3% of women had CHF between 1988 and 1994 in the US. The age-adjusted prevalence of CHF was significantly higher in African Americans (4.1%), in Mexican Americans (8.5%) and in those of other ethnic origin (6.7%) than in white people (2.5%). People with MetS had nearly twice the likelihood of self-reported CHF (adjusted odds ratio 1.8; 95% confidence interval 1.1 to 3.0) after adjustment for demographic and conventional risk factors such as sex, ethnicity, age, smoking, total cholesterol, left ventricular hypertrophy, and probable or possible myocardial infarction determined by electrocardiography. However, this association was attenuated after further adjustment for insulin resistance as measured by the homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA). > 90% of the association between MetS and CHF was explained by the HOMA. Conclusions: MetS was associated with about a twofold increased likelihood of self-reported CHF and it may serve as a surrogate indicator for the association between insulin resistance and CHF. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD JAN PY 2007 VL 61 IS 1 BP 67 EP 73 DI 10.1136/jech.2006.048173 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119EI UT WOS:000242994600014 PM 17183018 ER PT J AU Barr, DB AF Barr, Dana B. TI 2006 - A year to remember SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500560 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 146JR UT WOS:000244930900001 ER PT J AU Richardson, DB Wing, S Daniels, RD AF Richardson, David B. Wing, Steve Daniels, Robert D. TI Evaluation of external radiation dosimetry records at the Savannah River Site, 1951-1989 SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Savannah River site; radiation; dosimetry ID MINIMUM DETECTION LEVELS; NUCLEAR WORKERS; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; FACILITY; ENERGY; RISK; BIAS AB The Savannah River Site (SRS) is one of the largest facilities in the nation's nuclear weapons complex. To date, little information has been published regarding radiation risk estimates derived from epidemiological studies of SRS workers. As part of an ongoing epidemiological cohort study of SRS workers, we have assessed the suitability of the Site's personnel radiation dosimetry information for use in epidemiological analyses. This paper provides information on historical dosimetry methods, recording practices, and the completeness of computerized dosimetry information for workers employed at SRS during the period 1951-1989, when the site was operated by the du Pont Company. The study includes 18,883 workers hired at SRS between 1951 and 1987 who were employed for at least 90 days. Documents relating to external radiation dosimetry methods were reviewed, recorded doses were examined to evaluate recording practices, and the completeness of monitoring was assessed by comparing employment history and computerized dosimetry records, and by implementing a "nearby" procedure for estimating values for missing annual dosimetry records. Dosimeter technology evolved over this period from two-element film dosimeters to multielement thermoluminescent dosimeters. Dosimetry measurements were recorded consistently in 0.05 millisievert (mSv) increments. Prior to 1973, recording thresholds of 0.10-0.15 mSv were used while from 1973 to 1989 a recording threshold of 0.05 mSv was used. We abstracted nearly 3 person-Sv of dosimetry information that was available in hardcopy but not in computerized format. The collective dose from the computerized and abstracted records totaled 512.1 person-Sv. A "nearby'' method was used to estimate dose values for 13,812 employment-years for which dosimetry information was not available. The average estimated value was 0.6 mSv and the assigned collective dose derived via the "nearby'' procedure was 8.7 person-Sv. The consistency of dosimetry practices at SRS and the completeness of historical dosimetry records are supportive of their use in epidemiologic research. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Richardson, DB (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM david.richardson@unc.edu FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH007871] NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500515 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 146JR UT WOS:000244930900003 PM 16804558 ER PT J AU Kinde, H Mikolon, A Rodriguez-Lainz, A Adams, C Walker, RL Cernek-Hoskins, S Treviso, S Ginsberg, M Rast, R Harris, B Payeur, JB Waterman, S Ardans, A AF Kinde, Hailu Mikolon, Andrea Rodriguez-Lainz, Alfonso Adams, Cathy Walker, Richard L. Cernek-Hoskins, Shannon Treviso, Scarlett Ginsberg, Michele Rast, Robert Harris, Beth Payeur, Janet B. Waterman, Steve Ardans, Alex TI Recovery of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Mycobacterium bovis from cheese entering the United States through a noncommercial land port of entry SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB A joint multiagency project was initiated in response to a Salmonella outbreak in San Diego County, California, in 2004. Samples of cheese were collected during four I-day operations at the San Ysidro port of entry, along the United States-Mexico border. Surveyed participants were persons crossing the border as pedestrians or in vehicles who had a minimum of 2.27 kg of cheese, which may suggest a potential diversion to illegal marketing. In addition, data were collected about the cheese to identify risk factors for cheese contamination. Two hundred four cheese samples were submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System-San Bernardino Branch and analyzed for potential food pathogens. Ninety-four percent (190 of 203) of the samples tested positive for alkaline phosphatase. Salmonella was detected from 13% (27 of 204) of the samples comprising I I serogroups and 28 serotypes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis DNA fingerprinting analysis, performed following standardized methods, determined that an isolate obtained from this study had an indistinguishable pattern from a recent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium var. Copenhagen epidemic in the San Diego County that was linked to 14 illnesses. Listeria spp. were detected from 4% (8 of 204) of the samples, and of these, half were identified as L. monocytogenes. Escherichia coli O157:H7 was not detected from any of the samples. Mycobacterium bovis was detected from one panela-style cheese sample. Nine additional samples yielded Mycobacterium spp. C1 Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, CAHFS, San Bernardino Branch, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Anim Hlth & Food Safety Serv Div, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Off Binatl Border Hlth, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. San Diego Cty Publ Hlth Lab, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. CAHFS Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv, Community Epidemiol Div, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. US FDA, San Diego, CA 92154 USA. USDA, Natl Vet Serv Labs, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. RP Kinde, H (reprint author), Calif Anim Hlth & Food Safety Lab Syst, CAHFS, San Bernardino Branch, 105 W Cent Ave, San Bernardino, CA 92408 USA. EM hkinde@ucdavis.edu NR 16 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 47 EP 52 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 127HI UT WOS:000243575700008 PM 17265859 ER PT J AU Shieh, YC Khudyakov, YE Xia, G Ganova-Raeva, LM Khambaty, FM Woods, JW Veazey, JE Motes, ML Glatzer, MB Bialek, SR Fiore, AE AF Shieh, Y. C. Khudyakov, Y. E. Xia, G. Ganova-Raeva, L. M. Khambaty, F. M. Woods, J. W. Veazey, J. E. Motes, M. L. Glatzer, M. B. Bialek, S. R. Fiore, A. E. TI Molecular confirmation of oysters as the vector for hepatitis A in a 2005 multistate outbreak SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; GREEN ONIONS; RAW OYSTERS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONSUMPTION; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; ILLNESS; STRAINS AB Numerous hepatitis A outbreaks were linked to the consumption of raw molluscan shellfish in the United States between 1960 and 1989. However, there had been no major molluscan shellfish-associated hepatitis A outbreaks reported in the United States for more than a decade (1989 to 2004). Beginning in late August 2005, at least 10 clusters of hepatitis A illnesses, totaling 39 persons, occurred in four states among restaurant patrons who ate oysters. Epidemiologic data indicated that oysters were the source of the outbreak. Traceback information showed that the implicated oysters were harvested from specific Gulf Coast areas. A voluntary recall of oysters was initiated in September. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) was detected in multiple 25-g portions in one of two recalled samples, indicating that as many as 1 of every 15 oysters from this source was contaminated. Comparing 315 nucleotides within the HAV VP1-2B region, 100% homology was found among four amplicons recovered from a total of six independent experiments of the implicated oysters, and an identical HAV sequence was detected in sera from all 28 patient serum specimens tested. Ten percent heterogeneity over 315 nucleotides (31 variants) was observed between the outbreak strain (subgenotype 1A) and an HM-175 strain (subgenotype 113) used in the laboratory where the oysters were processed. To our knowledge, this investigation is the first in the United States to identify an HAV-identical strain in persons with hepatitis A as well as in the food that was implicated as the source of their infections. C1 US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, Baton Rouge, LA 70809 USA. US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, Mobile, AL 36606 USA. US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, Tallahassee, FL 32301 USA. RP Shieh, YC (reprint author), US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM carol.shieh@fda.hhs.gov NR 25 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 145 EP 150 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 127HI UT WOS:000243575700022 PM 17265873 ER PT J AU Haas, JS Miglioretti, DL Geller, B Buist, DSM Nelson, DE Kerlikowske, K Carney, PA Dash, S Breslau, ES Ballard-Barbash, R AF Haas, Jennifer S. Miglioretti, Diana L. Geller, Berta Buist, Diana S. M. Nelson, David E. Kerlikowske, Karla Carney, Patricia A. Dash, Sarah Breslau, Erica S. Ballard-Barbash, Rachel TI Average household exposure to newspaper coverage about the harmful effects of hormone therapy and population-based declines in hormone therapy use SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE newspaper coverage; women; mammography; hormone therapy; health behavior ID BREAST-CANCER; MASS-MEDIA; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; WOMEN; RELEASE; MODELS; TRIAL; NEWS AB BACKGROUND: The news media facilitated the rapid dissemination of the findings from the estrogen plus progestin therapy arm of the Women's Health Initiative (EPT-WHI). OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between the potential exposure to newspaper coverage and subsequent hormone therapy (HT) use. DESIGN/POPULATION: Population-based cohort of women receiving mammography at 7 sites (327,144 postmenopausal women). MEASUREMENTS: The outcome was the monthly prevalence of self-reported HT use. Circulation data for local, regional, and national newspapers was used to create zip-code level measures of the estimated average household exposure to newspaper coverage that reported the harmful effects of HT in July 2002. RESULTS: Women had an average potential household exposure of 1.4 articles. There was substantial variation in the level of average household exposure to newspaper coverage; women from rural sites received less than women from urban sites. Use of HT declined for all average potential exposure groups after the publication of the EPT-WHI. HT prevalence among women who lived in areas where there was an average household exposure of at least 3 articles declined significantly more (45 to 27%) compared to women who lived in areas with < 1 article (43 to 31%) during each of the subsequent 5 months ( relative risks 0.86-0.92; p <. 006 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Greater average household exposure to newspaper coverage about the harms associated with HT was associated with a large population-based decline in HT use. Further studies should examine whether media coverage directly influences the health behavior of individual women. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Gen Med & Primary Care, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02120 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02120 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Vermont, Off Hlth Promot Res, Dept Family Med, Vermont Canc Ctr, Burlington, VT USA. Univ Vermont, Off Hlth Promot Res, Dept Radiol, Vermont Canc Ctr, Burlington, VT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Commun Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Gen Internal Med Sect, Dept Vet Affairs, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Family Med, Portland, OR USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Dept Community & Family Med, Hanover, NH USA. NCI, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Studies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Behav Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Studies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Haas, JS (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Gen Med & Primary Care, Dept Med, 1620 Tremont St, Boston, MA 02120 USA. EM jhaas@partners.org FU NCI NIH HHS [U01 CA086076-06, U01 CA063731, U01 CA063740, U01 CA086082, U01CA63731, U01CA63740, U01CA86082, U01 CA070013, R01 CA080888, U01 CA063736, U01 CA069976, U01 CA070040, U01 CA086076, U01CA63736, U01CA69976, U01CA70013, U01CA70040, U01CA86076] NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 68 EP 73 DI 10.1007/s11606-007-0122-7 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 140QW UT WOS:000244521800009 PM 17351842 ER PT J AU Marcella, S Delnevo, CD Coughlin, SS AF Marcella, Stephen Delnevo, Cristine D. Coughlin, Steven S. TI A national survey of medical students' beliefs and knowledge in screening for prostate cancer SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Preventive-Oncology CY MAR 14-16, 2004 CL BETHESDA, MD SP Amer Soc Prevent Oncol DE prostate cancer; screening; medical students ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; INTERNAL-MEDICINE; HEALTH-PROMOTION; UNITED-STATES; ATTITUDES; PREVENTION; SCHOOL; GUIDELINES; RESIDENTS AB BACKGROUND: Today's medical students are being educated at a time when there are no evidence-based guidelines for prostate cancer screening. OBJECTIVE: To examine medical students' knowledge and beliefs concerning prostate cancer screening and specific determinants for their beliefs. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: One thousand six hundred and forty four students were sampled at 20 medical schools using a web-based, cross-sectional survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Basic knowledge and beliefs about prostate cancer testing, epidemiology, and therapy were ascertained. RESULTS: Four of 8 knowledge items were answered incorrectly by 50% or more of students. Seven of 8 students believe that early diagnosis from screening can improve survival from prostate cancer. Second-and third-year students were more likely than fourth-year students to believe that the digital rectal exam (DRE) and the prostate-specific antigen test were accurate, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2 to 2.7 and 1.7; 1.3 to 2.2 for second and third years, respectively, for the DRE. Black and Hispanic students were no more likely than white students to agree that early screening diagnosis improves survival, but blacks were more likely to agree with screening black or Hispanic men (AOR 7.8; 95% CI, 5.3 to 11.4 and 3.2; 2.2 to 4.7, respectively). More knowledgeable students were less likely to believe in the benefit of early detection and the accuracy of the prostate-specific antigen (AOR 0.3; 95% CI, 0.2 to 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Medical students generally are very optimistic about the benefits of screening for prostate cancer. Increased knowledge about prostate cancer is associated with a more conservative view of screening. Other predictors are independent of this knowledge. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Marcella, S (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, 683 Hoes Lane W, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM marcelsw@umdnj.edu RI Delnevo, Cristine/D-5002-2015 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 80 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s11606-006-0015-1 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 140QW UT WOS:000244521800011 PM 17351844 ER PT J AU Gao, FX Nainan, OV Khudyakov, Y Li, JF Hong, Y Gonzales, AC Spelbring, J Margolis, HS AF Gao, Fengxiang Nainan, Omana V. Khudyakov, Yuri Li, Jinfeng Hong, Ying Gonzales, Aileen Co Spelbring, John Margolis, Harold S. TI Recombinant hepatitis C virus in experimentally infected chimpanzees SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MIXED INFECTION; GENOTYPES; NOMENCLATURE; PROPOSALS; GENETICS; VACCINE; HUMANS; HCV AB Genetic recombination between different strains of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) was investigated in three chimpanzees inoculated experimentally with factor VIII concentrate containing HCV subgenotypes 1a, 1b, 2b and 3a. A 750 bp long fragment from the HCV envelope region was amplified by RT-PCR and quasispecies were isolated by plasmid cloning. Nucleotide sequences derived from isolated quasispecies were screened for the presence of inter-subgenotypic recombination by using sequence analysis. Recombination between HCV subgenotype 1a and 1b was found in two animals; each recombinant variant differed by location of predicted crossover region or order of subgenotype 1a and 1b sequences. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gao, FX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Fgao@dhhs.state.nh.us NR 24 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 88 BP 143 EP 147 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82263-0 PN 1 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 124EN UT WOS:000243350400017 PM 17170446 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Thorley, M Yamamura, Y Rodriguez, N McLaughlin, S Torres, LM Seda, A Carbia, M Alexander, LN Caceres, V Pallansch, MA AF Dayan, Gustavo H. Thorley, Margaret Yamamura, Yasuhiro Rodriguez, Nayra McLaughlin, Steve Torres, Lourdes M. Seda, Antonio Carbia, Marcia Alexander, Lorraine N. Caceres, Victor Pallansch, Mark A. TI Serologic response to inactivated poliovirus vaccine: A randomized clinical trial comparing 2 vaccination schedules in Puerto Rico SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED-POTENCY; EFFICACY; POLIOMYELITIS; IMMUNIZATION; CIRCULATION AB Background. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the discontinuation of oral poliovirus vaccine after eradication of wild poliovirus. Studies assessing inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) immunogenicity in tropical countries, using the WHO Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) schedule, have been limited. Methods. We conducted a randomized clinical trial in Ponce, Puerto Rico. Infants were assigned to 1 of 2 study arms: those in the EPI arm received IPV at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age, and those in the US arm received IPV at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were tested on serum specimens obtained before administration of the first dose of IPV and 28-45 days after administration of the last dose of IPV. Results. Seroconversion rates for the EPI (n = 225) and US (n = 230) arms, respectively, were 85.8% and 99.6% for poliovirus type 1 (P < .001), 86.2% and 100% for poliovirus type 2 (P < .001), and 96.9% and 99.1% for poliovirus type 3 (P = .08). Seroconversion rates were lower among infants in the EPI arm who had high maternal antibody levels for all 3 poliovirus types (P < .001). Conclusions. The EPI schedule resulted in lower seroconversion rates for poliovirus types 1 and 2. These results are relevant for tropical countries planning to use IPV in a posteradication environment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis Sexually Transmitted Dis &, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance Capac Dev, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Lucas Hosp, Dept Pediat, Ponce, PR USA. Ponce Sch Med, AIDS Res Lab, Ponce, PR USA. RP Dayan, GH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gdayan@cdc.gov RI Thorley, Margaret/F-6360-2013 FU NCRR NIH HHS [G12 RR003050]; PHS HHS [200-2002-00738] NR 33 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2007 VL 195 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1086/508427 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 111UN UT WOS:000242480600003 PM 17152004 ER PT J AU Talati, NJ Seybold, U Humphrey, B Aina, A Tapia, L Weinfurter, P Albalak, R Blumberg, HM AF Talati, N. J. Seybold, U. Humphrey, B. Aina, A. Tapia, L. Weinfurter, P. Albalak, R. Blumberg, H. M. TI Poor concordance between diagnostic tests for latent tuberculosis infection including INTERFERON-Gamma release assays in HIV plus persons. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Conference of the Western Student Medical Research Forum CY FEB 02, 2007 CL Monterey, CA C1 Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 SU S BP S285 EP S285 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 185DU UT WOS:000247692401230 ER PT J AU Taylor, BA Brown, C Crocker, D Moorman, J Twum-Baah, N Holguin, F AF Taylor, B. A. Brown, C. Crocker, D. Moorman, J. Twum-Baah, N. Holguin, F. TI Body mass index as a predictor of asthma severity in adult asthmatics: Results from the four-state national asthma survey. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th Conference of the Western Student Medical Research Forum CY FEB 02, 2007 CL Monterey, CA C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 50 KING STREET EAST, 2ND FLOOR, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 55 IS 1 SU S BP S289 EP S289 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 185DU UT WOS:000247692401253 ER PT J AU B'Hymer, C Cheever, KL AF B'Hymer, C. Cheever, K. L. TI Evaluation of extraction conditions and use of HPLC-MS for the simultaneous determination of acrylamide and its primary metabolite, N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)cysteine, in human urine SO JOURNAL OF LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY & RELATED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE acrylamide; N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)cysteine; HPLC-MS; SPE; urine ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MERCAPTURIC ACIDS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; C-14 ACRYLAMIDE; GLYCIDAMIDE; RATS; FOODSTUFFS; EXPOSURE; BINDING; CANCER AB Extraction conditions were evaluated for the simultaneous determination of acrylamide and its primary metabolite, N-Acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)cysteine (NACEC), in human urine. Acrylamide is an animal carcinogen and a human neurotoxicant; and it is widely used within industry. The toxicity of acrylamide makes it a health concern, and the use of its metabolite, NACEC, as a biomarker of exposure would be of value in the prevention of occupational diseases. Sample preparation studies evaluating several different types of solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and different buffered or acidic matrices of standing urine samples were conducted. Measurement of acrylamide and NACEC was by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a mobile phase gradient. Detection for quantification was by single ion monitoring using electrospray mass spectrometry (MS). A basic method validation, using the final optimized SPE conditions, was conducted. Recovery studies of fortified urine samples at various concentration levels demonstrated good accuracy and precision; recovery varied between 97 and 108% for acrylamide and with relative standard deviations (RSD) of 7.6% or less. Recovery for the NACEC metabolite varied between 97 and 102% with RSD of 10% or less. The limit of detection (LOD) for the optimized procedure was found to range from 0.02 to 0.03 mu g/mL for acrylamide and 0.1 to 0.2 mu g/ mL for NACEC in urine, using two chromatographic columns ot'different production lots. C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Taft Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP B'Hymer, C (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Taft Lab, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cbhymer@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1082-6076 J9 J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T JI J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 9-12 BP 1303 EP 1316 DI 10.1080/10826070701274866 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 173PC UT WOS:000246884000008 ER PT J AU Odiere, M Bayoh, MN Vulule, J Irungu, L Walker, E AF Odiere, M. Bayoh, M. N. Vulule, J. Irungu, L. Walker, E. TI Sampling outdoor, resting Anopheles gambiae and other mosquitoes (Diptera : Culicidae) in Western Kenya with clay pots SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; sampling; outdoor resting; clay pots ID MALARIA TRANSMISSION; FUNESTUS DIPTERA; BLOOD MEALS; COMPLEX; BEHAVIOR; INDOOR; NETS; AREA AB Clay pots were analyzed as devices for sampling the outdoor resting fraction of Anopheles gambiae Giles (Diptera: Culicidae) and other mosquito species in a rural, western Kenya. Clay pots (Anopheles gambiae resting pots, herein AgREPOTs), outdoor pit shelters, indoor pyrethrum spray collections (PSC), and Colombian curtain exit traps were compared in collections done biweekly for nine intervals from April to June 2005 in 20 housing compounds. Of 10,517 mosquitoes sampled, 4,668 An. gambiae s.l. were sampled in total of which 63% were An. gambiae s.s. (46% female) and 37% were An. arabiensis (66% female). The clay pots were useful and practical for sampling both sexes of An. gambiae s.l. Additionally, 617 An. funestus (58% female) and 5,232 Culex spp. (males and females together) were collected. Temporal changes in abundance of An. gambiae s.l. were similarly revealed by all four sampling methods, indicating that the clay pots could be used as devices to quantify variation in mosquito population density. Dispersion patterns of the different species and sexes fit well the negative binomial distribution, indicating that the mosquitoes were aggregated in distribution. Aside from providing a useful sampling tool, the AgREPOT also may be useful as a delivery vehicle for insecticides or pathogens to males and females that enter and rest in them. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Nairobi, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Walker, E (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM walker@msu.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI50703, R01 AI050703, U01 AI058542] NR 21 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[14:SORAGA]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124JZ UT WOS:000243365400003 PM 17294916 ER PT J AU Moore, AT Edwards, EA Brown, MB Komar, N Brown, CR AF Moore, Amy T. Edwards, Eric A. Brown, Mary Bomberger Komar, Nicholas Brown, Charles R. TI Ecological correlates of Buggy Creek virus infection in Oeciacus vicarius, southwestern Nebraska, 2004 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cliff swallow; coloniality; noninfectious virus; parasitism; virus ecology ID FORT-MORGAN VIRUS; CLIFF SWALLOWS; ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; CALIFORNIA BIRDS; TRANSMISSION; ALPHAVIRUS; ARBOVIRUS; COMPLEX; ECTOPARASITISM AB Buggy Creek virus (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, BCRV) is an alphavirus within the western equine encephalitis virus complex whose primary vector is the swallow bug, Oeciacus vicarius Horvath (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), an ectoparasite of the colonially nesting cliff swallow, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, that is also a frequent host for the virus. We investigated ecological correlates of BCRV infection in 100-bug pools at 14 different swallow colony sites in southwestern Nebraska from summer 2004, by using plaque assay on Vero cells to identify cytopathic virus and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to identify noncytopathic viral RNA. We found 26.7% of swallow bug pools positive for BCRV, with 15.6% showing cytopathic ("infectious") virus and 11.0% noncytopathic ("noninfectious") viral RNA. The prevalence of cytopathic BCRV increased with cliff swallow colony size in the current year; the percentage of noncytopathic samples at a site did not vary with colony size in the current year but increased with the previous year's colony size at a site. Active colony sites (those used by swallows) had higher percentages of cytopathic BCRV in bug pools than at inactive colony sites, but the reverse held for noncytopathic viral RNA. Nests that were occupied by birds at some time in the season had more pools with cytopathic BCRV than did inactive nests. Colonies used by birds for the first or second time had less virus in bugs than did sites that had had a longer history of bird use. The percentage of pools with BCRV was affected by whether bugs were clustering at nest entrances or distributed elsewhere on a nest. The prevalence of cytopathic samples decreased at inactive colony sites and increased at active sites over the course of the summer, whereas the reverse pattern held for noncytopathic samples. Noncytopathic bug pools seem to reflect infection patterns from a previous year. The results suggest that the birds play an important role in amplification of the virus and that the spatial foci of BCRV occurrence can be predicted based on characteristics of cliff swallow colonies and the cimicid bugs that are associated with them. C1 Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Ctr Dis control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM charles-brown@utulsa.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI057569] NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 42 EP 49 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[42:ECOBCV]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124JZ UT WOS:000243365400006 PM 17294919 ER PT J AU Kuno, G AF Kuno, G. TI Host range specificity of flaviviruses: Correlation with in vitro replication SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host range specificity; flavivirus; mosquito; tick; in vitro system ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; TICK AMBLYOMMA-VARIEGATUM; FUSING AGENT VIRUS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; GENUS FLAVIVIRUS; BORNE VIRUSES; CELL-LINES; ARBOVIRUSES; MOSQUITO AB Vector-borne flaviviruses have been traditionally grouped into either mosquito-borne or tick-borne group. However, this vector range specificity has sometimes been questioned because of the puzzling records of occasional isolation of mosquito-borne viruses from ticks and of tick-borne viruses from mosquitoes. In this study, host range of the flaviviruses representing not only the two vector-borne groups but also insect flaviviruses and vertebrate viruses that are not arboviruses was comprehensively reexamined by a serial passage experiment in vitro by using cell cultures derived from mosquitoes, ticks, and vertebrates. The results showed that the host range specificity in the four groups of viruses, based on replication for five consecutive passages as a criterion to evaluate the ability of viruses to replicate in three different cell cultures, agreed with the conventional grouping as well as phylogenetic clustering. Thus, this assay provides useful, supplementary information regarding host range for those flaviviruses when their natural host range is unknown, ambiguous, or questionable. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Kuno, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arboviral Dis Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM gok1@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 93 EP 101 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[93:HRSOFC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124JZ UT WOS:000243365400013 PM 17294926 ER PT J AU Wikswo, ME Hu, RJ Metzger, ME Eremeeva, ME AF Wikswo, Mary Elizabeth Hu, Renjie Metzger, Marco E. Eremeeva, Marina E. TI Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii and Bartonella henselae in Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks from California SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rocky Mountain spotted fever; Rhipicephalus sanguineus; Rickettsia rickettsii; Bartonella henselae; California ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; BROWN DOG; MASSILIAE; INFECTION; IXODIDAE; ARIZONA; VECTOR; ACARI AB Sixty-two questing adult Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) ticks were collected by direct removal from blades of turfgrass and adjacent concrete walkways at a suburban home in Riverside County, CA, and tested for the presence of Rickettsia, Bartonella, and Ehrlichia DNA. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify fragments of the 17-kDa antigen gene and the rOmpA gene of the spotted fever group rickettsiae. One male tick contained R. rickettsii DNA; its genotype differed from R. rickettsii isolates found in Montana and Arizona that cause Rocky Mountain spotted fever and from Hlp#2 and 364D serotypes. One male tick and one female tick contained B. henselae DNA. No Ehrlichia platys or Ehrlichia canis DNAs were detected using nested PCR for their 16S rRNA genes. These findings extend the area where Rickettsia rickettsii may be vectored by Rh. sanguineus. Rh. sanguineus also may be infected with Bartonella henselae, a human pathogen that is typically associated with fleas and causes cat scratch disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Ontario, CA 91764 USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM meremeeva@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 41 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 3 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 158 EP 162 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2007)44[158:DORRAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 124JZ UT WOS:000243365400022 PM 17294935 ER PT J AU Kumar, N McLean, K Inoue, N Moles, DR Scully, C Porter, SR Teo, CG AF Kumar, Navdeep McLean, Ken Inoue, Naoki Moles, David R. Scully, Crispian Porter, Stephen R. Teo, Chong Gee TI Human herpesvirus 8 genoprevalence in populations at disparate risks of Kaposi's sarcoma SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE human herpesvirus 8; blood transfusion; human immunodeficiency virus; Kaposi's sarcoma; AIDS ID PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-8; HUMAN CYTOMEGALOVIRUS; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; DNA-SEQUENCES; HEALTHY; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; DONORS; VARIABILITY AB The prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) in populations at different risks of developing Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) was assessed using a protocol involving immunomagnetic fractionation of CD45+ blood cells prior to detection of the HHV-8 genome by nested PCR. Preliminary studies using blood of eight gay men infected by human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) revealed that, for the detection of HHV-8 DNA derived from open reading frame (ORF) 26 of the HHV-8 genome, this protocol provided substantially higher rates (100%) compared to one involving red blood cell (RBC) lysis (0%) and to another requiring double density gradient centrifugation (DDGC) of leukocytes (13%). When the CD45+ fractionation protocol was applied to samples from 103 other HIV-1-infected patients (the vast majority of whom were gay men) and 100 blood donors, the ORF 26 DNA detection rates obtained were 37% and 8%, respectively. When DNA from the variable region 1 of ORF K1 was additionally amplified from samples of the blood donors, a detection rate of 9% was achieved. This rate was highly concordant with the ORF 26 DNA detection rate. Furthermore, the ORF K1 sequences were predominantly unique, assignable to genotypes A1, A4, and C3. When assays for anti-HHV-8 and anti-herpes simplex viruses (HSV) 1 and 2 were applied, significant concordances between HHV-8 DNA detection rates and those relating to anti-HHV-8 and to anti-HSV 1 and 2 were more frequently observed for HIV-1-infected patients than for blood donors. The higher-than-expected HHV-8 genoprevalence rate in blood donors requires further confirmation in view of its implications for post-transfusion HHV-8 transmission. C1 Univ London, Eastman Dent Inst, Univ Coll London, London WC1X 8LD, England. Charing Cross Hosp, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Virus Reference Dept, London, England. RP Kumar, N (reprint author), Univ London, Eastman Dent Inst, Univ Coll London, 256 Grays Inn Rd, London WC1X 8LD, England. EM n.kumar@eastman.ucl.ac.uk RI Porter, Stephen/B-3519-2009; OI Moles, David/0000-0001-9797-6226 NR 36 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 79 IS 1 BP 52 EP 59 DI 10.1002/jmv.20728 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 111XJ UT WOS:000242488900008 PM 17133549 ER PT J AU Branson, B AF Branson, Bernard TI Current HIV epidemiology and revised recommendations for HIV testing in health-care settings SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; epidemiology; health care ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; EMERGENCY-DEPARTMENT; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PERSONS AWARE; UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIOR; UNAWARE; VIRUS; ERA AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that about one quarter of the 1-1.2 million persons living with HIV/AIDS in the United States are unaware they are infected. Persons who do not know they are HIV infected are unable to access effective treatment and, compared with those who know they are infected with HIV, are more likely to transmit HIV to others. Pregnant women need to know if they are HIV infected so they can take steps to avoid transmitting HIV to their infants and access medical care for themselves. Despite past CDC recommendations for routine, voluntary HIV testing of all persons in acute-care hospitals with high HIV prevalence and those with risks for HIV, many HIV-infected persons who encounter the healthcare system are not tested. Promoting HIVtesting as a routine part of medical care is a key strategy of the CDC's Advancing HIV Prevention initiative launched in 2003. The CDC has recently revised recommendations for HIVtesting of adults, adolescents, and pregnant women in health-care settings to help increase the number of HIV-infected Americans who are aware they are infected so they can receive prevention, care, and treatment. The new recommendations advocate voluntary "opt-out" HIV screening in health-care settings, with appropriate follow-up care and treatment; eliminating requirements for separate, written consent for HIV testing; annual retesting for persons with known risk factors; and expanded rescreening in the third trimester for women who test negative for HIV early in pregnancy. The CDC issued the revised recommendations on September 22, 2006, and is now engaged with numerous professional organizations on practical strategies for implementation. C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Branson, B (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-21, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BBranson@dc.gov NR 29 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PY 2007 VL 79 SU 1 BP S6 EP S10 DI 10.1002/jmv.20972 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 214ER UT WOS:000249719300001 PM 17874432 ER PT J AU Maynard, AD Ku, BK Emery, M Stolzenburg, M McMurry, PH AF Maynard, Andrew D. Ku, Bon Ki Emery, Mark Stolzenburg, Mark McMurry, Peter H. TI Measuring particle size-dependent physicochemical structure in airborne single walled carbon nanotube agglomerates SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aerosol; carbon nanotubes; differential mobility analysis; aerosol particle mass monitor; composite nanoparticles; occupational health ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PULMONARY TOXICITY; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; MOBILITY; MASS; EXPOSURE AB As-produced single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) material is a complex matrix of carbon nanotubes, bundles of nanotubes (nanoropes), non-tubular carbon and metal catalyst nanoparticles. The pulmonary toxicity of material released during manufacture and handling will depend on the partitioning and arrangement of these components within airborne particles. To probe the physicochemical structure of airborne SWCNT aggregates, a new technique was developed and applied to aerosolized as-produced material. Differential Mobility Analysis-classified aggregates were analyzed using an Aerosol Particle Mass Monitor, and a structural parameter Gamma (proportional to the square of particle mobility diameter, divided by APM voltage) derived. Using information on the constituent components of the SWCNT, modal values of Gamma were estimated for specific particle compositions and structures, and compared against measured values. Measured modal values of Gamma for 150 nm mobility diameter aggregates suggested they were primarily composed of non-tubular carbon from one batch of material, and thin nanoropes from a second batch of material - these findings were confirmed using Transmission Electron Microscopy. Measured modal values of Gamma for 31 nm mobility diameter aggregates indicated that they were comprised predominantly of thin carbon nanoropes with associated nanometer-diameter metal catalyst particles; there was no indication that either catalyst particles or non-tubular carbon particles were being preferentially released into the air. These results indicate that the physicochemistry of aerosol particles released while handling as-produced SWCNT may vary significantly by particle size and production batch, and that evaluations of potential health hazards need to account for this. C1 Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Project Emerging Nanotechnol, Washington, DC 20004 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Maynard, AD (reprint author), Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Project Emerging Nanotechnol, 1 Woodrow Wilson Pl,1300 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20004 USA. EM andrew.maynard@wilsoncenter.org RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; McMurry, Peter/A-8245-2008; OI McMurry, Peter/0000-0003-1609-5131; Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 15 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 9 IS 1 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1007/s11051-006-9178-2 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 121XG UT WOS:000243189700009 ER PT J AU Cohrs, RJ Mehta, SK Gilden, DH Schmid, DS Pierson, DL AF Cohrs, Randall J. Mehta, Satish K. Gilden, Donald H. Schmid, D. Scott Pierson, Duane L. TI Subclinical reactivation and shed of infectious VZV in saliva of astranaunts SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Neurovirology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP NIMH, NINDS, NIDA, Biogen Idec, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Drexel Univ Coll Med, Inst Mol Med & Infect Dis, Temple Univ Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Sbarro Inst Canc Res & Mol Med, Journal NeuroVirol C1 [Cohrs, Randall J.; Gilden, Donald H.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol & Microbiol, Denver, CO USA. [Mehta, Satish K.] Enterprise Advisory Serv Inc, Denver, CO USA. [Schmid, D. Scott] NASA, Lyndon B Johnson Space Ctr, Houston, TX 77058 USA. [Schmid, D. Scott; Pierson, Duane L.] Natl VZV Lab, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PY 2007 VL 13 SU 1 BP 36 EP 36 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 228SX UT WOS:000250754000064 ER PT J AU Hunsperger, EA Beltran, M Roehrig, JT AF Hunsperger, Elizabeth A. Beltran, Manuela Roehrig, John T. TI Pre-treatment of mice with nocodazole delays viral entry into the brain following footpad inoculation of West Nile virus SO JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Neurovirology CY OCT 30-NOV 02, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP NIMH, NINDS, NIDA, Biogen Idec, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Drexel Univ Coll Med, Inst Mol Med & Infect Dis, Temple Univ Sch Med, Dept Neurosci, Sbarro Inst Canc Res & Mol Med, Journal NeuroVirol C1 [Hunsperger, Elizabeth A.; Beltran, Manuela] CDC, Dengue Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Roehrig, John T.] CDC, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1355-0284 J9 J NEUROVIROL JI J. Neurovirol. PY 2007 VL 13 SU 1 BP 86 EP 87 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Virology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Virology GA 228SX UT WOS:000250754000161 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA AF Schulte, Paul A. TI Gaps in scientific knowledge about the carcinogenic potential of asphalt/bitumen fumes SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Emissions from Asphalt/Bitumen Symposium CY JUN 07-08, 2006 CL BG Acad Occupat Hlth & Safety, Dresden, GERMANY SP ACGIH, Commiss Invest Hlth Hazards Chem Compounds Work Area, DFG HO BG Acad Occupat Hlth & Safety DE asphalt; bitumen; fume; inhalation; cancer ID EUROPEAN ASPHALT WORKERS; CANCER MORTALITY; ROOFERS; DAMAGE AB Despite a relatively large body of published research, the potential carcinogenicity of asphalt/bitumen fumes is still a vexing question. Various uncertainties and gaps in scientific knowledge need to be addressed. These include uncertainties in chemistry, animal studies, and human studies. The chemistry of asphalt/ bitumen fumes is complex and varies according to the source of the crude oil and the application parameters. The epidemiological studies, while showing weak evidence of lung cancer, are inconsistent and many confounding factors have not been addressed. Studies of animal exposure are also inconsistent regarding laboratory and field-generated fumes. There is a need for further human studies that address potential confounding factors such as smoking, diet, coal tar, and diesel exposures. Animal inhalation studies need to be conducted with asphalt/ bitumen fumes that are chemically representative of roofing and paving fumes. Underlying all of this is the need for continued characterization of fumes so their use in animal and field studies can be properly assessed. Nonetheless, uncertainties such as these should not preclude appropriate public health actions to protect workers in the even that asphalt fumes are found to be a carcinogenic hazard. C1 NIOSH, EID, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, EID, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-C14, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2007 VL 4 SU 1 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1080/15459620701354424 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 182UO UT WOS:000247529700002 PM 17503268 ER PT J AU Joy, GJ Middendorf, PJ AF Joy, Gerald J. Middendorf, Paul J. TI Noise exposure and hearing conservation in U. S. coal mines - A surveillance report SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE coal mining; hearing conservation; noise exposure; surveillance AB This study examines the patterns and trends in noise exposure documented in data collected by Mine Safety and Health Administration inspectors at U. S. coal mines from 1987 through 2004. During this period, MSHA issued a new regulation on occupational noise exposure that changed the regulatory requirements and enforcement policies. The data were examined to identify potential impacts from these changes. The overall annual median noise dose declined 67% for surface coal mining and 24% for underground coal mining, and the reduction in each group accelerated after promulgation of the new noise rule. However, not all mining occupations experienced a decrease. The exposure reduction was accompanied by an increase of shift length as represented by dosimeter sample duration. For coal miners exposed above the permissible exposure level, use of hearing protection devices increased from 61% to 89% during this period. Participation of miners exposed at or above the action level in hearing conservation programs rapidly reached 86% following the effective date of the noise rule. Based on inspection data, the occupational noise regulation appears to be having a strong positive impact on hearing conservation by reducing exposures and increasing the use of hearing protection devices and medical surveillance. However, the increase in shift duration and resulting reduction in recovery time may mitigate the gains somewhat. C1 NIOSH, RHCB, CDC, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Off Director, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Joy, GJ (reprint author), NIOSH, RHCB, CDC, Pittsburgh Res Lab, POB 18070, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. EM gej3@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 26 EP 35 DI 10.1080/15459620601067209 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 118IE UT WOS:000242934900005 PM 17162478 ER PT J AU Moyer, ES Commodore, MA Hayes, JL Fotta, SA Berardinelli, SP AF Moyer, Ernest S. Commodore, Michael A. Hayes, Jeffrey L. Fotta, Steven A. Berardinelli, Stephen P., Jr. TI Real-time evaluation of ventilation filter-bank systems SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE aerosol particles; control technology; filtration; indoor environment; optical particle counter; ventilation systems ID PERFORMANCE AB This study evaluated two government facility ventilation systems. One was a metropolitan government office complex with a recirculation system where outside air was the makeup air; the other was a NIOSH facility that used 100% outside air with no recirculation. The methodology employed was a modified American Society of Agricultural Engineers standard (S525) for testing total enclosure filtration efficiency, in agricultural tractor cabs, with optical particle counters (OPC). The low-efficiency bag filters were tested when new and after being in the ventilation system for 3 months. The replacement medium-efficiency filters were evaluated for 6 months (the manufacturer's suggested change-out schedule). These eight-chamber, medium-efficiency filters had an increased filter surface area that resulted in increased airflow through the system. Unfortunately, these filters contained electrostatic filter media and lost filtration efficiency rapidly, which was subsequently confirmed in a 30-day study conducted to determine an appropriate change-out schedule for the eight-chamber bag filters. The study determined that less than 6 months' use was justified due to the reduced efficiency of the electrostatic filter media. The NIOSH facility's air handler #8 (100% outside air unit) was upgraded from electrostatic bag filters, which had a suggested 9-month change-out schedule, to V Bank mechanical, wet-laid, glass fiber filters. The results of a 3-year evaluation showed that the V Bank filters had better filter efficiency after 3 years of service than the electrostatic filters had at 9 months. Both studies employed matched OPC instruments to reduce instrument-to-instrument bias. The methodology is adaptable to monitoring the total efficiency of most air filtration systems, and results can help make decisions about upgrading filter performance. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Lab Res Branch, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Ctr Dis Control & Preve, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Adm & Management Serv,Adm Serv Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Safety Res,Fatal Invest Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Moyer, ES (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Lab Res Branch, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,Ctr Dis Control & Preve, Mail Stop H2703, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM esm2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 1 BP 58 EP 69 DI 10.1080/15459620601079642 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 118IE UT WOS:000242934900009 PM 17162482 ER PT J AU Henn, SA Utterback, DF Waters, KM Markey, AM Tankersley, WG AF Henn, Scott A. Utterback, David F. Waters, Kathleen M. Markey, Andrea M. Tankersley, William G. TI Task- and time-dependent weighting factors in a retrospective exposure assessment of chemical laboratory workers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE exposure assessment; laboratory workers; nuclear facilities; weighting factors ID OAK-RIDGE; CANCER MORTALITY; SWEDISH CHEMISTS; COHORT; TENNESSEE AB A chemical exposure assessment was conducted for a cohort mortality study of 6157 chemical laboratory workers employed between 1943 and 1998 at four Department of Energy sites in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Aiken, South Carolina. Previous studies of chemical laboratory workers have included members within professional societies where exposure assessment was either limited or not feasible, or chemical processing employees where laboratory and production workers were combined. Because sufficient industrial hygiene records were unavailable for all four sites, weighted duration of employment was used as a surrogate for the magnitude of exposure. Potential exposure indices were calculated for each worker using number of days employed and weighting factors for frequency of contact and year of employment. A total of 591 unique laboratory job titles indicative of a chemical laboratory worker were collapsed into 18 general job title categories. Through discussions with current and retired workers, along with examination of historical organizational charts and job descriptions, the percentage of time with activities involving the direct handling of chemicals in the laboratory was estimated for each job title category. Scaled weighting factors of 1, 0.6, 0.3, and 0.05 were assigned to the job title categories representing 100%, 60%, 30%, and 5% of daily activities handling chemicals, respectively. Based on limited industrial hygiene monitoring data, personal radiation monitoring records, and professional judgment, weighting factors that declined 4% annually were applied to each year to account for improvements in laboratory technique, advancements in instrumentation, improvement in engineering controls, and increased safety awareness through time. The study cohort was separated into three categories of chemical exposures based on department level information: (1) inorganic, (2) mixed inorganic and organic, and (3) unknown. Potential exposure indices ranged from 0.15 to 6824.5 with a median value of 377.5 and a mean equal to 884.2. This exposure assessment method is useful for epidemiologic analyses when quantitative exposure data are absent or insufficient. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Henn, SA (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4674 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-19, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 4 IS 2 BP 71 EP 79 DI 10.1080/15459620601109407 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 118IV UT WOS:000242936900003 PM 17175512 ER PT J AU Herrick, RF McClean, MD Meeker, JD Zwack, L Hanley, K AF Herrick, Robert F. McClean, Michael D. Meeker, John D. Zwack, Leonard Hanley, Kevin TI Physical and chemical characterization of asphalt (bitumen) paving exposures SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Health Effects of Occupational Exposure to Emissions from Asphalt/Bitumen Symposium CY JUN 07-08, 2006 CL BG Acad Occupat Hlth & Safety, Dresden, GERMANY SP ACGIH, Commiss Invest Hlth Hazards Chem Compounds Work Area, DFG HO BG Acad Occupat Hlth & Safety DE asphalt; bitumen; polycyclic aromatic compounds; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; aerosol size ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SKIN CONTAMINATION; WORKERS AB The purpose of this research was to characterize the physical and chemical properties of asphalt ( bitumen) fume and vapor in hot mix asphalt roadway paving operations. Area and personal air samples were taken using real-time equipment and extractive sampling and analytical methods to determine worker asphalt exposure, as well as to characterize the properties of the particulate and vapor phase components. Analysis of personal inhalation and dermal samples by gas chromatography/ mass spectroscopy showed that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon profile is dominated by compounds with molecular weights below 228, and that substituted and heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons comprised approximately 71% of the detectable mass concentration ( vapor and particulate combined). Principal components analysis shows that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with molecular weights greater than 190 are the driving force behind the polycyclic aromatic compound exposures measured for the dermal and particulate phases; there was no clear trend for the vapor phase Most of the aerosol particles are fine ( mass median aerodynamic diameter 1.02 mu m; count median diameter 0.24 mu m). C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Herrick, RF (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM herrick@hohp.harvard.edu RI McClean, Michael/J-2934-2015; OI McClean, Michael/0000-0002-3902-8823; Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NCI NIH HHS [1R01-CA74413-01] NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2007 VL 4 SU 1 BP 209 EP 216 DI 10.1080/15459620701334806 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 182UO UT WOS:000247529700020 PM 17503286 ER PT J AU Duling, MG Lawrence, RB Slaven, JE Coffey, CC AF Duling, Matthew G. Lawrence, Robert B. Slaven, James E. Coffey, Christopher C. TI Simulated Workplace protection factors for half-facepiece respiratory protective devices SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE fit test; N95 filtering-facepiece respirators; N95 elastomeric respirators; simulated workplace test ID PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENT AB This study investigates two different methods (random effects model and 5th percentile) for determining the performance of three types of respiratory protective devices (elastomeric N95 respirators, N95 filtering- facepiece respirators, and surgical masks) during a simulated workplace test. This study recalculated the protection level of three types of respiratory protective devices using the random effects model, compared the two methods with each other and the APF of 10 for half- facepiece respirators, and determined the value of each of the fit test protocols in attaining the desired level of simulated workplace protection factor (SWPF). Twenty- five test subjects with varying face sizes tested 15 models of elastomeric N95 respirators, 15 models of N95 filtering- facepiece respirators, and 6 models of surgical masks. Simulated workplace testing was conducted using a TSI PORTACOUNT Plus model 8020 and consisted of a series of seven exercises. Six simulated workplace tests were performed with redonning of the respirator/mask occurring between each test. Each of the six tests produced an SWPF. To determine the level of protection provided by the respiratory protective devices, a 90% lower confidence limit for the simulated workplace protection factor (SWPFLCL90%) and the 5th percentile of simulated workplace protection factor were computed. The 5th percentile method values could be up to seven times higher than the SWPFLCL90% values. Without fit testing, all half-facepiece N95 respirators had a 5th percentile of 4.6 and an SWPFLCL90% value of 2.7. N95 filtering-facepiece respirators as a class had values of 3.3 and 2.0, respectively, whereas N95 elastomeric respirators had values of 7.3 and 4.6, respectively. Surgical masks did not provide any protection, with values of 1.2 and 1.4, respectively. Passing either the Bitrex, saccharin, or Companion fit test resulted in the respirators providing the expected level of protection with 5th percentiles greater than or equal to 10 except when passing the Bitrex test with N95 filtering-facepiece respirators, which resulted in a 5th percentile of only 7.9. No substantial difference was seen between the three fit tests. All of the SWPFLCL90% values after passing a fit test were less than 10. The random model method provides a more conservative estimate of the protection provided by a respirator because it takes into account both between- and within- wearer variability. C1 NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Duling, MG (reprint author), NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM mwd1@cdc.gov RI Coffey, Christopher/I-2471-2012 NR 16 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 6 BP 420 EP 431 DI 10.1080/15459620701346925 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 166HF UT WOS:000246368700007 PM 17474032 ER PT J AU Bartley, DL Slaven, JE Rose, MC Andrew, ME Harper, M AF Bartley, David L. Slaven, James E. Rose, Mike C. Andrew, Michael E. Harper, Martin TI Uncertainty determination for nondestructive chemical analytical methods using field data and application to XRF analysis for lead SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE air sampling; lead; uncertainty; X-ray fluorescence ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; AIR FILTER SAMPLES; PERSONAL SAMPLERS; ACCURACY AB Air sampling and analytical methods are developed to provide a basis for decision making. They are evaluated in the laboratory against prescribed fitness-for-use criteria even though laboratory validation does not take into account all possible sources of uncertainty in field application. Field evaluation would be preferable but is complicated by the lack of controlled conditions, which limits the ability to compare analytical methods and to recognize outliers and assess variance homogeneity across the range of interest. The specific situation of evaluating nondestructive field analytical methods against their reference laboratory equivalent is considered here, since the difficulty of providing replicates is obviated in this case. A portable X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analyzer was used to determine the lead content of air filter samples from several workplaces where lead is used or is a contaminant of the process material. The portable XRF method has the advantage of allowing for faster decisions compared with the alternative of submitting the air samples to an off-site laboratory for analysis. Since the XRF method is nondestructive, the same air samples were also subjected to the reference laboratory-based method of analysis. Two statistical approaches were developed specifically to deal with non-normal elements of the data in evaluating the results. The ISO GUM method identifies outliers and then calculates an accuracy range about the true concentration for the remainder of the data. This coverage is then adjusted to account for the rate of outlier occurrence. The bootstrap procedure uses a large number of computer-generated data points that are sampled, with replacement, from the original set including outliers to determine the coverage. No significant difference is seen between the two statistical approaches. Both approaches result in similar coverage and support the adoption of method acceptance criteria specific to field evaluation (a symmetric accuracy range of 35%). The portable XRF analyzer met this criterion when used with several different sampling methods and thus could be used as a method for routine evaluation of compliance with lead limit values. As the method is nondestructive, further analysis of air samples with analytical results near decision points is possible. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Salt Lake Tech Ctr, Sandy, UT USA. RP Harper, M (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, MS-3030,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM zzg7@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 12 BP 931 EP 942 DI 10.1080/15459620701712712 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 227PO UT WOS:000250670500011 PM 17957563 ER PT J AU Mazzuckelli, LF Methner, MM Birch, ME Evans, DE Ku, BK Crouch, K Hoover, MD AF Mazzuckelli, Lawrence F. Methner, Mark M. Birch, M. Eileen Evans, Douglas E. Ku, Bon-Ki Crouch, Keith Hoover, Mark D. TI Identification and characterization of potential sources of worker exposure to carbon nanofibers during polymer composite laboratory operations SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLE DEPOSITION C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Methner, MM (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012; OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127; Birch, Eileen/0000-0001-8279-3291 NR 12 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 12 BP D125 EP D130 DI 10.1080/15459620701683871 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 227PO UT WOS:000250670500001 PM 17943583 ER PT J AU Shaffer, RE Gao, PF AF Shaffer, Ronald E. Gao, Pengfei TI Chamber design requirements - Reply SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Shaffer, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RI Shaffer, Ronald/I-2134-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PY 2007 VL 4 IS 12 BP D135 EP D135 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 227PO UT WOS:000250670500004 ER PT J AU Rolnick, SJ Jackson, J Nelson, WW Butani, A Herrinton, LJ Hornbrook, M Neslund-Dudas, C Bachman, DJ Coughlin, SS AF Rolnick, Sharon J. Jackson, Jody Nelson, Winnie W. Butani, Amy Herrinton, Lisa J. Hornbrook, Mark Neslund-Dudas, Christine Bachman, Don J. Coughlin, Steven S. TI Pain management in the last six months of life among women who died of ovarian cancer SO JOURNAL OF PAIN AND SYMPTOM MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID PHYSICIAN ATTITUDES; OF-LIFE; PATIENT; QUESTIONNAIRE; KNOWLEDGE; BARRIERS; CARE AB Previous studies indicate that the symptoms of many dying cancer Patients are undertreated and many suffer unnecessary pain. We obtained data retrospectively from three large health maintenance organizations, and examined the analgesic drug therapies received in the last six months of life by women who died, of ovarian cancer between 1995 and 2000. Subjects were identified through cancer registries and administrative data. Outpatient medications used during the final six months of life were obtained from pharmacy databases. Pain information was obtained from medical charts. We categorized each medication based on the World Health Organization classification for pain management (mild, moderate, or intense). Of the 421 women, only 64 (15%) had no mention of pain in their charts. The use of medications typically prescribed for moderate to severe pain ("high intensity" drugs) increased as women approached death. At 5-6 months before death, 55% of women were either on no pain medication or medication generally used for mild pain; only 9% were using the highest intensity regimen. The percentage on the highest intensity regimen (drugs generally used for severe pain) increased to 22% at 3-4 months before death and 54% at 1-2 months. Older women (70 or older) were less likely to be prescribed the highest intensity medication than those under age 70 (44% vs. 70%, P < 0.001). No differences were found in the use of the high intensity drugs by race, marital status, year of diagnosis, stage of disease, or comorbidity. Our finding that only 54% of women with pain were given high intensity medication near death indicates room for improvement in the care of ovarian cancer patients at the end of life. C1 HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Appl Hlth Outcomes, Palm Harbor, FL USA. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Josephine Ford Canc Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rolnick, SJ (reprint author), HealthPartners Res Fdn, POB 1524,MS 21111R, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. EM cheri.j.rolnick@healthpartners.com FU NCI NIH HHS [5U19 CA079689, U19 CA079689-01]; PHS HHS [200-2001-00117MC2-08] NR 34 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0885-3924 J9 J PAIN SYMPTOM MANAG JI J. Pain Symptom Manage. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 33 IS 1 BP 24 EP 31 DI 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.06.010 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal; Clinical Neurology SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 127AG UT WOS:000243556300007 PM 17196904 ER PT J AU Gilliland, MJ Windle, M Grunbaum, JA Yancey, A Hoelscher, D Tortolero, SR Schuster, MA AF Gilliland, M. Janice Windle, Michael Grunbaum, Jo Anne Yancey, Antronette Hoelscher, Deanna Tortolero, Susan R. Schuster, Mark A. TI Body image and children's mental health related behaviors: Results from the healthy passages study SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Behavioral-Medicine CY APR 13-16, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Soc Behav Med DE body image; children; mental health ID SELF-ESTEEM; DIFFICULTIES QUESTIONNAIRE; PHYSICAL APPEARANCE; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; WEIGHT STATUS; GIRLS; RISK; SIZE; DISSATISFACTION; ADOLESCENTS AB Objective This study examined the relationship between body image discrepancy (BID) scores for actual versus ideal body image for children and indicators of child mental health. Methods Data were collected from 650 5th graders and their parents who participated in the Healthy Passages Phase I study. Participants were recruited through schools in Alabama, California, and Texas. Measures included the Collins Body Image to produce child- and parent-reported child BID scores, respectively, body mass index (BMI) for child and parent, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children (PANAS-C). Results After controlling for potential confounders, children's internalizing problems as rated by parents and negative affect as rated by children were significantly associated with discrepancies based on child- and parent-reported child BID scores, respectively. Conclusions Overall, higher child- and parent-reported child BID scores were significantly associated with more internalizing problems and negative affect among children. There were some inconsistencies in the associations between other mental health behaviors and child BID scores contingent on parent or child ratings. Early intervention may be indicated to prevent possible adverse consequences, especially for internalizing problems, from the effects of child- and parent-reported child BID scores on adolescent and adult mental health and well-being. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Adv Youth Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Gilliland, MJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Adv Youth Hlth, 1530 3rd Ave S,912 Bldg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mjgill@uab.edu FU PHS HHS [CCU409679, CCU915773, CCU609653] NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0146-8693 J9 J PEDIATR PSYCHOL JI J. Pediatr. Psychol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 32 IS 1 BP 30 EP 41 DI 10.1093/jpepsy/jsl008 PG 12 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 123WR UT WOS:000243327500005 PM 16775084 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Mei, ZG Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS Dietz, WH AF Freedman, David S. Mei, Zuguo Srinivasan, Sathanur R. Berenson, Gerald S. Dietz, William H. TI Cardiovascular risk factors and excess adiposity among overweight children and adolescents: The Bogalusa Heart Study SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; OBESITY; CHILDHOOD; FATNESS; RECOMMENDATIONS; CONSEQUENCES; PREVALENCE AB Objective To explore the accuracy of various body mass index (BMI) cutpoints in identifying children who have excess adiposity (based on skinfold thicknesses), adverse levels of lipids, insulin, and blood pressures, and a high risk for severe adult obesity. Study design Cross-sectional (n = 10,099) and longitudinal (n = 2392) analyses were performed among subjects who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Results Of children with a BMI >= 95(th) percentile (P) of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) growth charts, 39% had at least two risk factors, 65% had excess adiposity, and 65% had an adult BMI of 2:35 kg/m(2). Of those with a BMI >= 99(th) P, 59% had at least two risk factors, 94% had excess adiposity, and 88% had an adult BMI of 35 kg/m(2). About 4% of children in the US now have a BMI >= 99(th) P. Conclusions The 99(th) P of BMI-for-age may be appropriate for identifying children who are at very high risk for biochemical abnormalities and severe adult obesity. More aggressive weight control strategies may be warranted for this subgroup. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC, K-26,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dfreedman@cdc.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-16592] NR 40 TC 524 Z9 545 U1 7 U2 52 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 150 IS 1 BP 12 EP 17 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.08.042 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 125OC UT WOS:000243450500004 PM 17188605 ER PT J AU May, L Cote, T Hardeman, B Gonzalez, GR Adams, SB Blair, RK Pane, G AF May, Larissa Cote, Timothy Hardeman, Bernard Gonzalez, Gabriela R. Adams, Sherry B. Blair, Roderick K. Pane, Gregg TI A model "go-kit" for use at Strategic National Stockpile Points of Dispensing SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE bioterrorism; disaster planning; emergency preparedness; National Pharmaceutical Stockpile; public health; Strategic National Stockpile ID PREPAREDNESS AB The Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) is a national repository of pharmaceuticals and other medical supplies forseeably needed during a medical disaster. In the event of SNS deployment, state and local public health authorities must be prepared to receive, distribute, and dispense the materials. We propose a cache of supplies, termed the "POD go-kit," prepared in advance and locally available prior to the establishment of Points of Dispensing (POD) for SNS material. Characteristics of the preassembled go-kit are its multiplicity of use, ease of storage and transportation, minimal redundancy with SNS material, and packaging in a manner consistent with POD function. The POD go-kit is assembled into 4 separate "subkits": administrative supplies, patient routing supplies, dispensing supplies; and POD staff protection supplies. Incorporating existing practices from the SNS Listserv, this article itemizes the contents of the POD go-kit and its subkits and provides a rationale for its packaging. The Division of Strategic National Stockpile (DSNS) has not certified the proposed "POD go-kit" as a standardized POD go-kit. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP May, L (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Emergency Med, 2150 Penn Ave,NW,Suite 2B, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM larissa@gwu.edu NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 117ZO UT WOS:000242912000005 PM 17149096 ER PT J AU Kelly, JS Zimmerman, LA Reed, K Enger, KS AF Kelly, Janet S. Zimmerman, Laura A. Reed, Katie Enger, Kyle S. TI Immunization Information Systems national research and evaluation agenda SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Delphi survey; immunization information systems; immunization registries; research and evaluation agenda ID REGISTRY; DELPHI AB Immunization Information Systems (IIS) are operational in most states and are useful in programmatic and clinical assessments. To ensure that IIS reach their maximum technical and usability potential, and to promote their use, we conducted a Delphi survey to develop a national IIS research and evaluation agenda. Experts with a wide range of IIS knowledge were asked to generate research and evaluation topics that document their utility in achieving and sustaining clinical and public health goals. Topics were then collated by the authors into 13 main categories and were ranked by the survey experts in order of importance. Provider perspectives and needs was ranked as the top research priority. Both data quality and technical data exchange also ranked high, as well as increasing provider participation and IIS cost and cost savings. Lower-ranked research priorities included data sharing between states and factors affecting IIS population-based measurements. Development of an IIS research and evaluation agenda allows policy makers to ensure that their decisions coincide with expert views on national priorities and enables researchers to conduct studies addressing topics recognized as nationally important. It also allows for targeted funding decisions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Syst LLC, De Witt, NY USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. RP Kelly, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JKelly3@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 117ZO UT WOS:000242912000007 PM 17149098 ER PT J AU Cleveland, JC AF Cleveland, Janet C. TI Introduction SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Programs, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cleveland, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Programs, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP S7 EP S7 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119IS UT WOS:000243006600003 ER PT J AU Collins, C Phields, ME Duncan, T AF Collins, Charles Phields, Miriam E. Duncan, Ted CA Sci Application Team TI An agency capacity model to facilitate implementation of evidence-based behavioral interventions by community-based organizations SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID AIDS SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS; HIV PREVENTION; PROGRAMS; INNOVATION; PROJECT; FIELD AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) implemented the Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions Project to disseminate evidence-based behavioral interventions to community-based HIV prevention providers. Through development of intervention-specific technical assistance guides and provision of face-to-face, telephone, and e-mail technical assistance, a range of capacity-building issues were identified. These issues were linked to a proposed agency capacity model for implementing an evidence-based intervention. The model has six domains: organizational environment, governance, and programmatic infrastructure; workforce and professional development; resources and support; motivational forces and readiness; learning from experience; and adjusting to the external environment. We think this model could be used to implement evidence-based interventions by facilitating the selection of best-prepared agencies and by identifying critical areas of capacity building. The model will help us establish a framework for informing future program announcements and predecisional site visit assessments, and in developing an instrument for assessing agency capacity to implement evidence-based interventions. C1 CDC, DHAP, CBB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Collins, C (reprint author), CDC, DHAP, CBB, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-40, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP S16 EP S23 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119IS UT WOS:000243006600005 ER PT J AU Gilliam, A Duncan, T Scott, K Ayala, G AF Gilliam, Aisha Duncan, Ted Scott, Karla Ayala, George TI Untitled SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis & STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Capac Bldg Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. AIDS Project, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Gilliam, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis & STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP S5 EP S6 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119IS UT WOS:000243006600002 ER PT J AU Nu'Man, J King, W Bhalakia, A Criss, S AF Nu'Man, Jeanette King, Winifred Bhalakia, Amee Criss, Shaniece TI A framework for building organizational capacity integrating planning, monitoring, and evaluation SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE capacity building; integration of program planning; monitoring; and evaluation; HIV prevention; capacity building framework AB Background: HIV prevention organizations are increasingly adopting more intensive and evidence-based strategies with the goal of protecting targeted populations from HIV infection or transmission. Thus, capacity building has moved to the forefront as a set of activities necessary to enable HIV prevention organizations to plan, implement, monitor, and evaluate. prevention programs and services. Cost-effective approaches to the provision of capacity building assistance traditionally use strategies that compromise efficaciousness and more intensive approaches can be cost prohibitive. In addition, traditional approaches treat program planning and implementation and program monitoring and evaluation as two separate entities, even though they are interdependent aspects of an efficient and effective service delivery system. Objective: This article describes a framework for building sustainable organizational capacity that combines high- and low-intensity approaches; integrates program planning, monitoring, and evaluation; and focuses on building understanding of the value of appropriate organizational change. Methods: The described framework was used over a 3-year period with 52 community-based organizations funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and organizations funded by CDC-funded health departments. Results and Conclusions: The article includes lessons learned, recommendations for building long-term sustainability, organizational change at various levels, and the need to develop standardized indicators to measure changes in organizational capacity. C1 Macro Int Inc, Appl Res Div, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Capac Bldg Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nu'Man, J (reprint author), Macro Int Inc, Appl Res Div, 3 Corp Sq,Suite 370, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jnuman@orcmacro.com NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP S24 EP S32 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119IS UT WOS:000243006600006 ER PT J AU Richter, DL Dauner, KN Lindley, LL Reininger, BM Oglesby, WH Prince, MS Thompson-Robinson, M Jones, R Potts, LH AF Richter, Donna L. Dauner, Kim Nichols Lindley, Lisa L. Reininger, Belinda M. Oglesby, Willie H. Prince, Mary S. Thompson-Robinson, Melva Jones, Rhondette Potts, Linda H. TI Evaluation results of the CDC/ASPH Institute for HIV prevention leadership: A capacity-building educational program for HIV prevention program managers SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE capacity-building; evaluation; HIV prevention ID MODEL; AIDS AB Objective: The goal of this research was to evaluate changes over time in the capacity of participants of the CDC/ASPH Institute for HIV Prevention Leadership (Institute), a capacity-building program for HIV prevention program managers in minority-based, community-based organizations. Capacity was defined as the application of new skills and knowledge to participants' jobs and confidence in using those new skills and knowledge to strategically manage and apply "best practices" to their HIV prevention activities. Methods: This is a longitudinal study involving measuring scholar capacity at three points in time: pre-Institute, post-Institute, and 6 months' post-Institute. Only responses from participants who completed all three surveys are included in this final analysis of the data (N = 94). Results: Results indicate that participants from 3 years of the Institute (2002-2004) increased their capacity in HIV prevention programming and strategic planning and management. Significant changes were seen in the frequency and self-efficacy with which participants conduct several HIV prevention programming activities. Participants also reported conducting strategic planning activities at more appropriate intervals and were significantly more confident in conducting these activities. Conclusion: The Institute has positively and significantly increased the capacity of participants to conduct more effective HIV prevention programs on a national level. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Serv & Policy Res, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Texas, Houston Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Hlth Promot Works, Pawleys Isl, SC USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Publ Hlth, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Capac Bldg Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Consulting Grp Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dauner, KN (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Serv & Policy Res, 730 Devine St,Room 112, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM kndauner@sc.edu RI Oglesby, Willie/H-6026-2011 OI Oglesby, Willie/0000-0001-5305-1512 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP S64 EP S71 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119IS UT WOS:000243006600011 ER PT J AU Taveras, S Duncan, T Gentry, D Gilliam, A Kimbrough, I Minaya, J AF Taveras, Samuel Duncan, Ted Gentry, Daniel Gilliam, Aisha Kimbrough, Ivory Minaya, Jasmin TI The evolution of the CDC HIV prevention capacity-building assistance initiative SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE capacity building assistance; conceptual; framework for capacity building; HIV/AIDS prevention ID HEART HEALTH-PROMOTION; ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY; SYSTEMS AB As the HIV/AIDS epidemic neared the end of its first decade in the late 1980s, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recognized the disparate impact on racial and ethnic minority communities. In response, a program was initiated to build capacity to prevent the further spread of HIV and other STDs in these communities. Since that time, the program has expanded in scope, intensity of efforts, and funding. Today, the CDC's Capacity Building Assistance (CBA) Initiative serves communities across the nation by building community, organizational, and HIV prevention program/intervention capacity designed to reduce the number of new HIV infections among at-risk populations. This article focuses on the history and evolution of these efforts, lessons learned, and how these were used to develop the current, more responsive system. A conceptual framework is presented that describes the taxonomy of CBA services designed to (1) enhance organizational infrastructure; (2) enhance HIV prevention interventions; (3) strengthen community capacity; and (4) strengthen community planning. It includes language and definitions, approaches and mechanisms for delivering capacity-building services, and a Web-based request-and-referral system that serves as the foundation for tracking, monitoring, and ensuring the delivery of appropriate, efficient, and culturally competent CBA. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Capac Bldg Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis & STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Taveras, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Capac Bldg Branch, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis & STD TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E40, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Staveras@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JAN PY 2007 SU S BP S8 EP S15 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 119IS UT WOS:000243006600004 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Helmick, CG Renner, JB Luta, G Dragomir, AD Woodard, J Fang, F Schwartz, TA Abbate, LM Callahan, LF Kalsbeek, WD Hochberg, MC AF Jordan, Joanne M. Helmick, Charles G. Renner, Jordan B. Luta, Gheorghe Dragomir, Anca D. Woodard, Janice Fang, Fang Schwartz, Todd A. Abbate, Lauren M. Callahan, Leigh F. Kalsbeek, William D. Hochberg, Marc C. TI Prevalence of knee symptoms and radiographic and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in African Americans and Caucasians: The Johnston County Osteoarthritis project SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE knee osteoarthritis; knee symptoms; prevalence; ethnicity ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; UNITED-STATES; RHEUMATIC CONDITIONS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ARTHRITIS; REPLACEMENT; POPULATION; ADULTS; OVERWEIGHT AB Objective. To report contemporary estimates of the prevalence of knee-related osteoarthritis (OA) outcomes in African Americans and Caucasians aged z 45 years. Methods. Weighted prevalence estimates for knee symptoms, radiographic knee OA, symptomatic knee OA, and severe radiographic knee OA were calculated for age, ethnic, and sex subgroups, in 3018 participants (33% African Americans, 38% men) in the baseline examination (1991-97) of The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, a population-based study of OA in North Carolina. Radiographic knee OA was defined as Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic grade >= 2, severe radiographic knee OA as grades 3 and 4, and symptomatic knee OA as knee symptoms in a knee with radiographic OA. Results. Knee symptoms were present in 43%, 28% had radiographic knee OA, 16% had symptomatic knee OA, and 8% had severe radiographic knee OA. Prevalence was higher in older individuals and women. African Americans had slightly higher prevalence of knee symptoms, radiographic knee OA, and symptomatic knee OA, but significantly higher prevalence of severe radiographic knee OA compared to Caucasians. Conclusion. Policy should be directed to increasing education of the public and the medical community about the high prevalence of these conditions, especially in these subgroups, to decrease their impact and ultimately prevent them. C1 Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Orthopaed, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Radiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Social Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Jordan, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, CB 7280,3300 Thurston Bldg, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM joanne_jordan@med.unc.edu RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012 OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543 NR 45 TC 235 Z9 240 U1 2 U2 13 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 BP 172 EP 180 PG 9 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 125UC UT WOS:000243467300029 PM 17216685 ER PT J AU Eby, DW Molnar, LJ Shope, JT Dellinger, AM AF Eby, David W. Molnar, Lisa J. Shope, Jean T. Dellinger, Ann M. TI Development and pilot testing of an assessment battery for older drivers SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE transportation; aging; screening; longitudinal; crashes ID RISK; ACCIDENTS; MILEAGE AB Introduction: The purpose of the study reported here was to develop and pilot test a comprehensive battery of assessment instruments for older drivers that would be inexpensive and easy to administer so that it could be used in longitudinal studies. Method: The resulting battery was developed by selecting a set of validated assessment instruments and combining them into a package, with a total acquisition cost of less than $900. As part of this battery, three questionnaires were developed utilizing items from established questionnaires with minor modifications. The battery was pilot tested with a convenience sample of 38 drivers aged 65 years or older. Results: Results showed that the entire battery required less than one hour to complete. Data from the assessment outcomes fell within normative ranges. Feedback from subjects indicated that the battery was acceptable, free of problems, presented tasks in a good order, and was not too long. Conclusions: Based on study findings, the assessment battery appeared to be low-cost, transportable, easy to administer, easy for subjects to complete, provides a comprehensive assessment of a person's physical health, mental health, and driving behaviors, and would serve as a valuable data collection tool for a longitudinal study of older drivers. Such a longitudinal study is needed in order to answer some of the most important questions about older driver safety and mobility. (c) 2007 National Society Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Eby, David W.; Molnar, Lisa J.; Shope, Jean T.] Univ Michigan, Transportat Res Inst, Social & Behav Anal Div, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Dellinger, Ann M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Motor Vehicle Injury Prevent Team, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eby, DW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Transportat Res Inst, Social & Behav Anal Div, 2901 Baxter Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM eby@umich.edu NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 5 BP 535 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2007.07.004 PG 9 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 245FH UT WOS:000251920000005 PM 18023638 ER PT J AU Mack, KA Gilchrist, J Ballesteros, MF AF Mack, Karin A. Gilchrist, Julie Ballesteros, Michael F. TI Unintentional injuries among infants age 0-12 months SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE unintentional injury; infants ID NONFATAL INJURIES; CHILDREN; RATES; RISK AB Each year an estimated 328,500 infants age 0-12 months are treated for unintentional injuries in emergency departments (EDs): one infant every minute and a half. The leading cause, overall and by month of age, was fall-related injury. The second leading cause was 'struck by or against.' The majority of patients were injured at home. Younger infants were more likely to be hospitalized than older ones and more males than females were injured. Gender differences suggest that parenting practices may play a role, but ecological approaches should be considered in an effort to understand the connection between injuries and an infant's developmental stage. National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mack, Karin A.; Gilchrist, Julie; Ballesteros, Michael F.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mack, KA (reprint author), CDC, Injury Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kmack@cdc.gov RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 5 BP 609 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2007.08.001 PG 4 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 245FH UT WOS:000251920000013 PM 18023646 ER PT J AU Beck, LF Paulozzi, LJ Davidson, SC AF Beck, Laurie F. Paulozzi, Leonard J. Davidson, Stephen C. TI Pedestrian fatalities, Atlanta metropolitan statistical area and United States, 2000-2004 SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE motor vehicle injury; traffic; pedestrian AB Motor vehicle crashes killed almost 5,000 pedestrians in 2005 in the United States. Pedestrian risk may be higher in areas characterized by urban sprawl. From 2000 to 2004, pedestrian fatality rates declined in the United States, but the Atlanta metropolitan statistical area did not experience the same decline. Pedestrian fatality rates for males, Hispanics, and the 15-34 and 35-54 year age groups were higher in Atlanta than in the United States overall. Pedestrian safety interventions should be targeted to high-risk populations and localized pedestrian settings. (c) 2007 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Beck, Laurie F.; Paulozzi, Leonard J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Davidson, Stephen C.] Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beck, LF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LBeck@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 6 BP 613 EP 616 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2007.10.001 PG 4 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 252ZG UT WOS:000252486100001 PM 18054592 ER PT J AU Chumbler, NR Mkanta, WN Richardson, LC Harris, L Darkins, A Kobb, R Ryan, P AF Chumbler, Neale R. Mkanta, William N. Richardson, Lisa C. Harris, Linda Darkins, Adam Kobb, Rita Ryan, Patricia TI Remote patient-provider communication and quality of life: empirical test of a dialogic model of cancer care SO JOURNAL OF TELEMEDICINE AND TELECARE LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; FACT-G; SCALE; PILOT; COORDINATION; TECHNOLOGY; VALIDATION; DISTRESS AB We examined the feasibility of a Cancer Care Dialogues Model, with daily telehealth interactions between patients at home and their care coordinator, who acted as an adjunct to the oncologist. The patient and the care coordinator used a home messaging device, connected via the ordinary telephone network. Thirty-four patients with a new diagnosis of cancer and whose treatment plan included chemotherapy taken at a single clinic were enrolled and followed for six months. The home messaging device collected information daily on common symptoms associated with chemotherapy. On average, the patients had the home messaging device for 120 days (range 30-180). The mean cooperation rate was 84% (range 4-100). No variables were significantly associated with patient cooperation in the dialogues over time. The health-related quality of life (HRQL) mean score at baseline was 73.9 (SD 15.4), and the mean score at six months was 78.4 (SD 14.5). After adjusting for demographic and clinical factors, there was a 6.5-point increase in HRQL score between the baseline and end of treatment, which represented an important clinical difference. Management of nervousness/worry over time through cancer care dialogues is important in maintaining HRQL and can be assisted by remote home messaging. C1 N Florida S Georgia Vet Hlth Syst, VA HSR&D RR&D, Rehabil Outcomes Res Ctr 151B, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Hlth Serv Res Management & Policy, Gainesville, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NCI, Hlth Commun & Informat Res Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Vet Hlth Adm, Off Care Coordinat, Washington, DC USA. RP Chumbler, NR (reprint author), N Florida S Georgia Vet Hlth Syst, VA HSR&D RR&D, Rehabil Outcomes Res Ctr 151B, 1601 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. EM Neale.Chumbler@med.va.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 1357-633X J9 J TELEMED TELECARE JI J. Telemed. Telecare PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 20 EP 25 DI 10.1258/135763307779701112 PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 135WC UT WOS:000244183600005 PM 17288654 ER PT J AU Li, RW Rock, VJ Grummer-Strawn, L AF Li, Ruowei Rock, Valerie J. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence TI Changes in public attitudes toward breastfeeding in the United States, 1999-2003 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SOCIAL SUPPORT AB Data from the HealthStyles survey, an annual national mail survey to US adults, were examined to understand changes in public attitudes toward breastfeeding. The 1999 and 2003 HealthStyles surveys included four breastfeeding items related to public attitudes toward breastfeeding in public and toward differences between infant formula and breastmilk. The percentage of respondents in agreement with the statement, "Infant formula is as good as breastmilk," increased significantly from 14.3% in 1999 to 25.7% in 2003. The increase was particularly large among people of low socioeconomic status. The percentage increase in agreement that "feeding a baby formula instead of breastmilk increases the chances the baby will get sick" grew at a statistically significant level, but the total change was small (2.7 percentage points). No significant total changes were found for the other two survey items. The perception that infant formula is as good as breastmilk would be expected to soften a woman's commitment to breastfeeding should she be faced with obstacles to doing so. The findings underscore the need to educate the general public that breastfeeding is the best method of feeding and nurturing infants. Pediatricians and other health professionals should recommend human milk for all infants for whom breastfeeding is not specifically contraindicated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), 500 Box 38, FPO, AP USA. EM RLil@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 107 IS 1 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.10.002 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 123JE UT WOS:000243291400023 PM 17197280 ER PT J AU Hsu, CE Mas, FS Miller, JA Nkhoma, ET AF Hsu, Chiehwen Ed Mas, Francisco Soto Miller, Jerry A. Nkhoma, Ella T. TI A spatial-temporal approach to surveillance of prostate cancer disparities in population subgroups SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE health disparities; prostate cancer; spatial analysis; geographic information system ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY AB Background: Prostate cancer mortality disparities exist among racial/ethnic groups in the United States, yet few studies have explored the spatiotemporal trend of the disease burden. To better understand mortality disparities by geographic regions over time, the present study analyzed the geographic variations of prostate cancer mortality by three Texas racial/ethnic groups over a 22-year period. Methods: The Spatial Scan Statistic developed by Kulldorff et al was used. Excess mortality was detected using scan windows of 50% and 90% of the study period and a spatial cluster size of 50% of the population at risk. Time trend was analyzed to examine the potential temporal effects of clustering. Spatial queries were used to identify regions with multiple racial/ethnic groups having excess mortality. Results: The most likely area of excess mortality for blacks occurred in Dallas-Metroplex and upper east Texas areas between 1990 and 1999; for Hispanics, in central Texas between 1992 and 1996; and for non-Hispanic whites, in the upper south and west to central Texas areas between 1990 and 1996. Excess mortality persisted among all racial/ethnic groups in the identified counties. The second scan revealed that three counties in west Texas presented an excess mortality for Hispanics from 1980-2001. Many counties bore an excess mortality burden for multiple groups. There is no time trend decline in prostate cancer mortality for blacks and non-Hispanic whites in Texas. Conclusion: Disparities in prostate cancer mortality among racial/ethnic groups existed in Texas. Central Texas counties with excess mortality in multiple subgroups warrant further investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Publ & Community Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77025 USA. Univ Texas, Coll Educ, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. RP Miller, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmiller7@fresnomail.com NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 99 IS 1 BP 72 EP + PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 131IW UT WOS:000243863500010 PM 17304971 ER PT J AU Callegaro, M Steeh, C Buskirk, TD Vehovar, V Kuusela, V Piekarski, L AF Callegaro, Mario Steeh, Charlotte Buskirk, Trent D. Vehovar, Vasja Kuusela, Vesa Piekarski, Linda TI Fitting disposition codes to mobile phone surveys: experiences from studies in Finland, Slovenia and the USA SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE mobile phone households; mobile phone surveys; non-response; response rates calculation ID RATES AB Using mobile phones to conduct survey interviews has gathered momentum recently. However, using mobile telephones in surveys poses many new challenges. One important challenge involves properly classifying final case dispositions to understand response rates and non-response error and to implement responsive survey designs. Both purposes demand accurate assessments of the outcomes of individual call attempts. By looking at actual practices across three countries, we suggest how the disposition codes of the American Association for Public Opinion Research, which have been developed for telephone surveys, can be modified to fit mobile phones. Adding an international dimension to these standard definitions will improve survey methods by making systematic comparisons across different contexts possible. C1 Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Univ Ljubljana, Ljubljana 61000, Slovenia. Stat Finland, Helsinki, Finland. Survey Sampling Inc, Fairfield, CT USA. RP Callegaro, M (reprint author), Gallup Res Ctr, 4th Floor,200 N 11th St, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM mca@unlserve.uni.edu OI Callegaro, Mario/0000-0002-9946-4483 NR 46 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-1998 J9 J ROY STAT SOC A STA JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A-Stat. Soc. PY 2007 VL 170 BP 647 EP 670 DI 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2006.00461.x PN 3 PG 24 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA 189HU UT WOS:000247980800006 ER PT J AU Krewski, D Glickman, BW Habash, RWY Habbick, B Lotz, WG Mandeville, R Prato, FS Salem, T Weaver, DF AF Krewski, Daniel Glickman, Barry W. Habash, Riadh W. Y. Habbick, Brian Lotz, W. Gregory Mandeville, Rosemonde Prato, Frank S. Salem, Tarek Weaver, Donald F. TI Recent advances in research on radiofrequency fields and health: 2001-2003 SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID FREQUENCY ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; CELLULAR TELEPHONE USERS; ADRENAL CHROMAFFIN CELLS; MOBILE PHONE RADIATION; 835.62 MHZ FDMA; JUNCTION INTERCELLULAR COMMUNICATION; SUTTON COLDFIELD TRANSMITTER; INCREASE LYMPHOMA INCIDENCE; E-MU-PIM1 TRANSGENIC MICE; HIGH-POWER TRANSMITTERS AB The widespread use of wireless telecommunications devices, particularly mobile phones, has resulted in increased human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) fields. Although national and international agencies have established safety guidelines for exposure to RF fields, concerns remain about the potential for adverse health outcomes to occur in relation to RF field exposure. The extensive literature on RF fields and health has been reviewed by a number of authorities, including the Royal Society of Canada (1999), the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Toxicity, Ecotoxicity, and the Environment (CSTEE, 2001), the British Medical Association (2001), the Swedish Radiation Protection Authority (Boice & McLaughlin, 2002), and the Health Council of the Netherlands (2002). This report provides an update on recent research results on the potential health risks of RF fields since the publication of the Royal Society of Canada report in 1999 (See Krewski et al., 2001a) and our previous 2001 update (Krewski et al., 2001b), covering the period 2001-2003. The present report examines new data on dosimetry and exposure assessment, biological effects such as enzyme induction, and toxicological effects, including genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and testicular and reproductive outcomes. Epidemiological studies of mobile phone users and occupationally exposed populations are examined, along with human and animal studies of neurological and behavioral effects. All of the authoritative reviews completed within the last 2 yr have concluded that there is no clear evidence of adverse health effects associated with RF fields. However, following a recent review of nine epidemiological studies of mobile phones and cancer, Kundi et al. (2004) concluded that the possibility of an enhanced cancer risk cannot be excluded. These same reviews support the need for further research to clarify the possible associations between RF fields and adverse health outcomes that have appeared in some reports. The results of the ongoing World Health Organization (WHO) study of mobile phones will provide important new information in this regard. C1 Univ Ottawa, RS McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Univ Victoria, Ctr Environm Hlth, Victoria, BC, Canada. NIOSH, Div Biomed & Behav Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Biophage Inc, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Western Ontario, Lawson Hlth Res Inst, Dept Diagnost Radiol & Nucl Med, London, ON, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. Queens Univ, Dept Med, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Krewski, D (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, RS McLaughlin Ctr Populat Hlth Risk Assessment, One Stewart St,Room 320, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. EM dkrewski@uottawa.ca RI Prato, Frank/C-9117-2014 NR 172 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 36 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 4 BP 287 EP 318 DI 10.1080/15287390600974973 PG 32 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 187UY UT WOS:000247875600003 PM 17620203 ER PT J AU Wang, RY Needham, LL AF Wang, R. Y. Needham, L. L. TI Environmental chemicals: From the environment to food, to breast milk, to the infant SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART B-CRITICAL REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; DIETARY-INTAKE; FISH CONSUMPTION; LACTATING WOMEN; UNITED-STATES AB Food is a source of exposure to many environmental chemicals found in human milk and other biological specimens. Ingestion of foods containing high amounts of animal fat is the main route of human exposure to lipophilic chemicals, such as persistent organic pollutants, which tend to bioaccumulate in the lipid compartment. Bioaccumulation results in increased exposure of these chemicals for humans, but particularly to breastfeeding infants, who are at the top of the food chain. The extent to which food contributes to a person's overall exposure depends on individual dietary habits and the concentrations of chemical residues in the food. These, in turn, are affected by (1) application methods, (2) properties and amounts of the chemical, and (3) preparation, handling, and the properties of the food. Once the food is ingested by the lactating woman, the chemical's pharmacokinetics and the transport mechanisms producing the movement of solutes across mammary alveolar cells determine the passage of chemicals from the blood to the milk. Thus, several factors affect the presence in human milk of environmental chemicals from dietary sources. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, RY (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rywang@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 117 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1093-7404 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL B JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health-Pt b-Crit. Rev. PY 2007 VL 10 IS 8 BP 597 EP 609 DI 10.1080/10937400701389891 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 236FE UT WOS:000251287600003 PM 18049925 ER PT J AU Calisher, CH Wagoner, KD Amman, BR Root, JJ Douglass, RJ Kuenzi, AJ Abbott, KD Parmenter, C Yates, TL Ksiazek, TG Beaty, BJ Mills, JN AF Calisher, Charles H. Wagoner, Kent D. Amman, Brian R. Root, J. Jeffrey Douglass, Richard J. Kuenzi, Amy J. Abbott, Ken D. Parmenter, Cheryl Yates, Terry L. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Beaty, Barry J. Mills, James N. TI Demographic factors associated with prevalence of antibody to Sin Nombre Virus in deer mice in the Western United States SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibody prevalence; Arizona; Colorado; deer juice; gender; hantaviruses; Montana; New Mexico; Peromyscus maniculatus; population density; risk factors; Sin Nombre Virus; wounds ID HANTAVIRUS RESERVOIR POPULATIONS; LONG-TERM; CLETHRIONOMYS-GLAREOLUS; RODENT POPULATIONS; PULMONARY SYNDROME; TEMPORAL DYNAMICS; INFECTION; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; BONFERRONI AB We used long-term data collected for up to 10 yr (1994-2004) Lit 23 trapping arrays (i.e., webs and grids) in Arizona, Colorado, Montana, and New Mexico to examine demographic factors known or suspected to be associated with risk of infection with Sin Nombre virus (SNV) in its natural host, the deer mouse (Peromyscus manicultus). Gender, age (mass), wounds or scars, season, and local relative population densities were statistically associated with the period prevalence of antibody (used as a marker of infection) to SNV in host populations. Nevertheless, antibody prevalence and some of the risk factors associated with antibody prevalence, such as relative population density, gender bias, and prevalence of wounding, varied significantly among sites and even between nearby trapping arrays at a single site. This suggests that local microsite-specific differences play an important role in determining relative risk of infection by SNV in rodents and, consequently, in humans. Deer mouse relative population density-varied among sites and was positively and statistically associated with infection prevalence, an association that researchers conducting shorter-term studies failed to demonstrate. Both wounding and antibody prevalence increased with mass class in both males and females; this increase was much more pronounced in males than in females and wounding was more frequent in adult males than in adult females. Prevalence of wounding was greatest among seropositive deer mice, regardless of mass class, but many deer mice without detectable wounds or scars eventually became infected. Many of these patterns, which will be useful in the development of predictive models of disease risk to humans, were only detected through the application of data collected over a long (10-yr) period and with abundant replication. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Specila Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Montana Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Yavapai Coll, Dept Biol, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Calisher, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM calisher@cybercell.net NR 31 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 149IM UT WOS:000245140600001 PM 17347388 ER PT J AU Douglass, RJ Calisher, CH Wagoner, KD Milis, JN AF Douglass, Richard J. Calisher, Charles H. Wagoner, Kent D. Milis, James N. TI Sin Nombre virus infection of deer mice in Montana: Characteristics of newly infected mice, incidence, and temporal pattern of infection SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE antibody; deer mice; epidemiology; hantavirus; montana; Peromyscus maniculatus; seroconversion; Sin Nombre virus ID MOUSE PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; MALE NORWAY RATS; LONG-TERM; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; NATURAL-HISTORY; HANTAVIRUS; TRANSMISSION AB Sin Nombre virus (SNV), hosted by the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), is the principal cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in North America. To improve our understanding of factors that contribute to the occurrence of HPS, we conducted an extensive field study of the characteristics of newly infected (as determined by recent acquisition of antibody) deer mice and the temporal pattern of antibody acquisition (seroconversion) from 1994 through 2004 in Montana, USA. We sampled 6,584 individual deer mice, of which 2,747 were captured over multiple trapping periods. Among these 2,747 deer mice, we detected 171 instances of seroconversion. There was no relationship between seroconversion and the acquisition of scars. However, recently infected Montana deer mice were more likely to be older, more likely to be males, and more likely to be in breeding condition. In addition, recently infected male deer mice gained less weight over the 1-mo period following seroconversion than did those that did not acquire antibody, suggesting that SNV infection may have negatively impacted the health of infected rodents. Incidence was highly variable among bears, and timing of infections was primarily associated with the breeding season generally early spring through late fall). C1 Montana Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Douglass, RJ (reprint author), Montana Tech Univ, Dept Biol, 1300 W Pk, Butte, MT 59701 USA. EM rdouglass@mtech.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20RR16455-04]; PHS HHS [US3/CCU813599-07] NR 31 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 12 EP 22 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 149IM UT WOS:000245140600002 PM 17347389 ER PT J AU Grosenbaugh, DA Maki, JL Rupprecht, CE Wall, DK AF Grosenbaugh, Deborah A. Maki, Joanne L. Rupprecht, Charles E. Wall, Debra K. TI Rabies challenge of captive striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) following oral administration of a live vaccinia-vectored rabies vaccine SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE coated sachet; Mephitis mephitis; oral route; rabies vaccine; Raboral VRG (R); striped skunks ID RECOMBINANT VIRUS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; PATHOGENICITY; GLYCOPROTEIN; COYOTES; FOXES AB Twenty-four adult striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) were administered the raccoon product formulation of Rabies Vaccine Live Vaccinia-Vectored (Raboral V-RG (R), Merial Limited, Athens, Georgia, USA), either by oral instillation or in vaccine-filled coated sachets either as single or multiple doses. A control group remained unvaccinated. Twenty-three of the skunks were challenged 116 days postvaccination with rabies virus (skunk isolate). Six of six naive skunks succumbed to challenge. Four of six skunks that received the vaccine by oral instillation survived challenge. The skunks that did not survive failed to seroconvert following vaccination. None of the skunks that accepted multiple doses of the vaccine offered in coated sachets survived challenge, nor were rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs) detected in the sera. Likewise, none of the five skunks ingesting a single sachet developed VNA against rabies. However, in this group one skunk did survive rabies challenge. This preliminary study showed that the vaccinia-vectored oral rabies vaccine Raboral V-RG (R), as formulated for use in raccoons, is capable of protecting a percentage of skunks against rabies. However, although the fishmeal-coated sachets were readily consumed, subsequent challenge of these animals revealed poor vaccine delivery efficiency. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Maki, JL (reprint author), 115 Transtech Dr, Athens, GA 30601 USA. EM joanne.maki@merial.com NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 43 IS 1 BP 124 EP 128 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 149IM UT WOS:000245140600015 PM 17347402 ER PT J AU Schunemann, HJ Hill, SR Kakad, M Bellamy, R Uyeki, TM Hayden, FG Yazdanpanah, Y Beigel, J Chotpitayasunondh, T Del Mar, C Farrar, J Hien, TT Ozbay, B Sugaya, N Fukuda, K Shindo, N Stockman, L Vist, GE Croisier, A Nagjdaliyev, A Roth, C Thomson, G Zucker, H Oxman, AD AF Schunemann, Holger J. Hill, Suzanne R. Kakad, Meetali Bellamy, Richard Uyeki, Timothy M. Hayden, Frederick G. Yazdanpanah, Yazdan Beigel, John Chotpitayasunondh, Tawee Del Mar, Chris Farrar, Jeremy Hien, Tran Tinh Ozbay, Bulent Sugaya, Norio Fukuda, Keiji Shindo, Nikki Stockman, Lauren Vist, Gunn E. Croisier, Alice Nagjdaliyev, Azim Roth, Cathy Thomson, Gail Zucker, Howard Oxman, Andrew D. TI WHO rapid advice guidelines for pharmacological management of sporadic human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; OSELTAMIVIR TREATMENT; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; HEALTHY-ADULTS; SAFETY; ZANAMIVIR; EFFICACY; RECOMMENDATIONS; PROPHYLAXIS; AMANTADINE AB Recent spread of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus to poultry and wild birds has increased the threat of human infections with H5N1 virus worldwide. Despite international agreement to stockpile antivirals, evidence-based guidelines for their use do not exist. WHO assembled an international multidisciplinary panel to develop rapid advice for the pharmacological management of human H5N1 virus infection in the current pandemic alert period. A transparent methodological guideline process on the basis of the Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to develop evidence-based guidelines. Our development of specific recommendations for treatment and chemoprophylaxis of sporadic H5N1 infection resulted from the benefits, harms, burden, and cost of interventions in several patient and exposure groups. Overall, the quality of the underlying evidence for all recommendations was rated as very low because it was based on small case series of H5N1 patients, on extrapolation from preclinical studies, and high quality studies of seasonal influenza. A strong recommendation to treat H5N1 patients with oseltamivir was made in part because of the severity of the disease. Similarly, strong recommendations were made to use neuraminidase inhibitors as chemoprophylaxis in high-risk exposure populations. Emergence of other novel influenza A viral subtypes with pandemic potential, or changes in the pathogenicity of H5N1 virus strains, will require an update of these guidelines and WHO will be monitoring this closely. C1 Italian Natl Canc Inst, INFORMA Unit, Dept Epidemiol, Ist Regina Elena, I-00161 Rome, Italy. WHO, Hlth Technol & Pharmaceut, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Norwegian Knowledge Ctr Hlth Serv, Oslo, Norway. James Cook Univ Hosp, Dept Infect & Travel Med, Middlesbrough, Cleveland, England. Bond Univ, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Gold Coast, Qld, Australia. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Oxford, Clin Res Unit, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Hosp Trop Dis, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Serv Univ Malad Infect, Fac Med Lille, CH Tourcoing, Tourcoing, France. NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Queen Sirikit Natl Inst Child Hlth, MOPH, Bangkok, Thailand. Children Clin Hosp, Baku, Azerbaijan. Yuzunzu Yil Univ Van, Van, Turkey. Keio Univ, Fac Med, Keiyu Hosp, Dept Pediat, Kanagawa, Japan. WHO, Global Influenza Programme, CSR Off Alert & Response & Emerging & Dangerous P, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Schunemann, HJ (reprint author), Italian Natl Canc Inst, INFORMA Unit, Dept Epidemiol, Ist Regina Elena, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM Schuneh@mcmaster.ca RI Del Mar, Christopher/B-1136-2008; Beigel, John/A-7111-2009 OI Del Mar, Christopher/0000-0003-3821-8163; NR 36 TC 111 Z9 124 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 EI 1474-4457 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70684-3 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 123DO UT WOS:000243276700027 PM 17182341 ER PT J AU Miller, JM Krisher, K Holmes, HT AF Miller, J. Michael Krisher, Karen Holmes, Harvey T. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI General Principles of Specimen Collection and Handling SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; OROPHARYNGEAL CULTURES; CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; NOSOCOMIAL DIARRHEA; DIAGNOSTIC-ACCURACY; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; SWAB SPECIMENS C1 [Miller, J. Michael; Holmes, Harvey T.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Response Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Krisher, Karen] Detroit Med Ctr Univ Labs, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Response Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 76 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 43 EP 54 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500006 ER PT J AU Teixeira, LM Carvalho, MDS Facklam, RR AF Teixeira, Lucia Martins Carvalho, Maria da Gloria Siqueira Facklam, Richard R. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Enterococcus SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI; HUMAN CLINICAL SPECIMENS; SP-NOV.; MULTIPLEX PCR; GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION C1 [Teixeira, Lucia Martins] Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Carvalho, Maria da Gloria Siqueira; Facklam, Richard R.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptococcus Lab, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Teixeira, LM (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 116 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 430 EP 442 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500031 ER PT J AU Logan, NA Popovic, T Hoffmaster, A AF Logan, Niall A. Popovic, Tanja Hoffmaster, Alex BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Bacillus and Other Aerobic Endospore-Forming Bacteria SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CEREUS EMETIC TOXIN; SP-NOV; GEN-NOV; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; EMENDED DESCRIPTION; UNITED-STATES; COMB. NOV.; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES C1 [Logan, Niall A.] Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Dept Biol & Biomed Sci, Sch Life Sci, Glasgow G4 0BA, Lanark, Scotland. [Hoffmaster, Alex] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Logan, NA (reprint author), Glasgow Caledonian Univ, Dept Biol & Biomed Sci, Sch Life Sci, Cowcaddens Rd, Glasgow G4 0BA, Lanark, Scotland. NR 116 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 455 EP 473 PG 19 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500033 ER PT J AU Nataro, JP Bopp, CA Fields, PI Kaper, JB Strockbine, NA AF Nataro, James P. Bopp, Cheryl A. Fields, Patricia I. Kaper, James B. Strockbine, Nancy A. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Escherichia, Shigella, and Salmonella SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ENTERICA SEROVAR TYPHI; KAUFFMANN-WHITE-SCHEME; UNITED-STATES; COLI O157; HEP-2 CELLS; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS C1 [Nataro, James P.; Kaper, James B.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Nataro, James P.; Kaper, James B.] Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Bopp, Cheryl A.; Fields, Patricia I.; Strockbine, Nancy A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Lab Sect, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nataro, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, 685 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 124 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 670 EP 687 PG 18 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500044 ER PT J AU Schreckenberger, PC Daneshvar, MI Hollis, DG AF Schreckenberger, Paul C. Daneshvar, Maryam I. Hollis, Dannie G. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Acinetobacter, Achromobacter, Chryseobacterium, Moraxella, and Other Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Rods SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN CLINICAL SPECIMENS; FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; OF-THE-LITERATURE; ISOPRENOID QUINONE CONTENT; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; DENITRIFICANS SUBSP XYLOSOXYDANS; OCHROBACTRUM-ANTHROPI BACTEREMIA; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM C1 [Schreckenberger, Paul C.] Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. [Daneshvar, Maryam I.; Hollis, Dannie G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schreckenberger, PC (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, 2160 S 1st Ave,Bldg 103,Room 0021, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. NR 269 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 770 EP 802 PG 33 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500051 ER PT J AU Loeffelholz, MJ Sanden, GN AF Loeffelholz, Michael J. Sanden, Gary N. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Bordetella SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NASOPHARYNGEAL SWAB SPECIMENS; PERTUSSIS-LIKE SYMPTOMS; PCR-BASED ASSAY; ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; BRONCHISEPTICA INFECTION; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; WHOOPING-COUGH C1 [Loeffelholz, Michael J.] Viromed Labs, Minnetonka, MN 55343 USA. [Sanden, Gary N.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Loeffelholz, MJ (reprint author), Viromed Labs, 6101 Blue Circle Dr, Minnetonka, MN 55343 USA. NR 104 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 803 EP 814 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500052 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, C Nachamkin, I AF Fitzgerald, Collette Nachamkin, Irving BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Campylobacter and Arcobacter SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FETUS SUBSP-JEJUNI; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; QUALITY-CONTROL RANGES; BLOOD CULTURE SYSTEMS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; SP-NOV; SELECTIVE MEDIUM; FECAL SPECIMENS; THERMOPHILIC CAMPYLOBACTERS C1 [Fitzgerald, Collette] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Campylobacter & Helicobacter Reference Lab, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Nachamkin, Irving] Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Fitzgerald, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Campylobacter & Helicobacter Reference Lab, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 145 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 933 EP 946 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500060 ER PT J AU Wilske, B Johnson, BJB Schriefer, ME AF Wilske, Bettina Johnson, Barbara J. B. Schriefer, Martin E. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Borrelia SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; OUTER-SURFACE PROTEIN; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BORNE RELAPSING FEVER; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; SP-NOV; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS C1 [Wilske, Bettina] Univ Munich, Max Von Pettenkofer Inst, Natl Reference Ctr Borreliae, D-80336 Munich, Germany. [Johnson, Barbara J. B.; Schriefer, Martin E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Wilske, B (reprint author), Univ Munich, Max Von Pettenkofer Inst, Natl Reference Ctr Borreliae, Pettenkofer Str 9A, D-80336 Munich, Germany. NR 126 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 971 EP 986 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500063 ER PT J AU Pope, V Norris, SJ Johnson, RE AF Pope, Victoria Norris, Steven J. Johnson, Robert E. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Treponema and Other Human Host-Associated Spirochetes SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BRACHYSPIRA SERPULINA PILOSICOLI; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; SP-NOV; INTESTINAL SPIROCHETOSIS; ENDEMIC TREPONEMATOSES; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; SECONDARY SYPHILIS C1 [Norris, Steven J.] Univ Texas Med Houston, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Houston, TX 77225 USA. [Pope, Victoria; Johnson, Robert E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 129 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 987 EP 1003 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500064 ER PT J AU Swenson, JM Patel, JB Jorgensen, JH AF Swenson, Jana M. Patel, Jean B. Jorgensen, James H. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Special Phenotypic Methods for Detecting Antibacterial Resistance SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; HIGH-LEVEL AMINOGLYCOSIDE; SERUM BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; INDUCIBLE CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING METHODS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; MULTICENTER COLLABORATIVE EVALUATION; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN C1 [Swenson, Jana M.; Patel, Jean B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Jorgensen, James H.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. RP Swenson, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop G08,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 216 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1173 EP 1192 PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500075 ER PT J AU Hindler, JF Patel, JB AF Hindler, Janet Fick Patel, Jean B. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Susceptibility Test Methods: Fastidious Bacteria SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; RESPIRATORY-TRACT PATHOGENS; RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; VIRIDANS GROUP STREPTOCOCCI; NUTRITIONALLY VARIANT STREPTOCOCCI; SHOWING DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; AMOXICILLIN-CLAVULANIC ACID; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS STERNE C1 [Hindler, Janet Fick] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Patel, Jean B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hindler, JF (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 217 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1193 EP 1213 PG 21 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500076 ER PT J AU Rasheed, JK Cockerill, F Tenover, FC AF Rasheed, J. Kamile Cockerill, Franklin Tenover, Fred C. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Detection and Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Pathogenic Bacteria SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASE; MEDIATED QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; 23S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; REAL-TIME PCR; LEVEL AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANCE; CARBAPENEM-HYDROLYZING ENZYME; LINCOSAMIDE-STREPTOGRAMIN-B; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX C1 [Rasheed, J. Kamile] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G 08, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tenover, Fred C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cockerill, Franklin] Mayo Clin, Dept Lab Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Rasheed, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G 08, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 264 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1248 EP 1267 PG 20 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500079 ER PT J AU Gessain, A Dezzutti, CS Cowan, EP Lal, RB AF Gessain, Antoine Dezzutti, Charlene S. Cowan, Elliot P. Lal, Renu B. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Types 1 and 2 SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HTLV TYPE-I; WESTERN-BLOT PATTERNS; CENTRAL-AFRICA; PROVIRAL LOAD; NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; SEROLOGIC ASSAYS; LEUKEMIA; I/II C1 [Gessain, Antoine] Inst Pasteur, EEMI Dept, EPVO Unit, F-75015 Paris, France. [Dezzutti, Charlene S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Branch Lab, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Cowan, Elliot P.] US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Lal, Renu B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gessain, A (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, EEMI Dept, EPVO Unit, F-75015 Paris, France. NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1330 EP 1339 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500085 ER PT J AU Bellini, WJ Icenogle, JP AF Bellini, William J. Icenogle, Joseph P. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Measles and Rubella Viruses SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBACUTE SCLEROSING-PANENCEPHALITIS; CAPTURE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAYS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODIES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FILTER-PAPER BLOOD; CONGENITAL-RUBELLA; CELLULAR RECEPTOR; ORAL FLUID; NEUTRALIZATION TEST; SALIVARY DIAGNOSIS C1 [Bellini, William J.; Icenogle, Joseph P.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesviruses Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bellini, WJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesviruses Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Mail Stop C-22,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 113 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1378 EP 1391 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500089 ER PT J AU Orciari, LA Rupprecht, CE AF Orciari, Lillian A. Rupprecht, Charles E. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Rabies Virus SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; UNITED-STATES; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL TEST; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; BAT LYSSAVIRUSES; DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION C1 [Orciari, Lillian A.; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Orciari, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis,Coordina, Mailstop G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1470 EP 1477 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500096 ER PT J AU Rollin, PE Rota, P Zaki, S Ksiazek, TG AF Rollin, Pierre E. Rota, Paul Zaki, Sherif Ksiazek, Thomas G. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Hendra and Nipah Viruses SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MORBILLIVIRUS PNEUMONIA; ENCEPHALITIS OUTBREAK; EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; HAMSTER MODEL; FRUIT BATS; HORSES; INFECTION; MALAYSIA C1 [Rollin, Pierre E.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Rota, Paul] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zaki, Sherif] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rollin, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, MS G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1478 EP 1485 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500097 ER PT J AU Lanciotti, RS Tsai, TF AF Lanciotti, Robert S. Tsai, Theodore F. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Arboviruses SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; CAPTURE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; UNITED-STATES; YELLOW-FEVER C1 [Lanciotti, Robert S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Tsai, Theodore F.] Novartis Vaccines, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. RP Lanciotti, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diagnost & Reference Lab, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 77 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1486 EP 1500 PG 15 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500098 ER PT J AU Fulhorst, CF Bowen, MD AF Fulhorst, Charles F. Bowen, Michael D. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Hantaviruses SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; HUMORAL IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RENAL SYNDROME HFRS; NOMBRE-VIRUS-RNA; PULMONARY-SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; PUUMALA-VIRUS; HANTAAN-VIRUS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES C1 [Fulhorst, Charles F.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Bowen, Michael D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Rapid Response & Adv Technol Lab, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fulhorst, CF (reprint author), Univ Texas Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd,Route 0609, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 108 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1501 EP 1509 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500099 ER PT J AU Rollin, PE Nichol, ST Zaki, S Ksiazek, TG AF Rollin, Pierre E. Nichol, Stuart T. Zaki, Sherif Ksiazek, Thomas G. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Arenaviruses and Filoviruses SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; EBOLA HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; LASSA VIRUS; MARBURG VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INTRACELLULAR ANTIGENS; CLINICAL VIROLOGY; CROSS-REACTIVITY C1 [Rollin, Pierre E.; Nichol, Stuart T.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Zaki, Sherif] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rollin, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, MS G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 83 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1510 EP 1522 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500100 ER PT J AU Damon, IK AF Damon, Inger K. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Poxviruses SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLLUSCUM-CONTAGIOSUM VIRUS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; RIO-DE-JANEIRO; HUMAN MONKEYPOX; VACCINIA VIRUS; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; SMALLPOX VACCINE; TANAPOX VIRUS; UNITED-STATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Program, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Program, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G43, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 98 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1631 EP 1640 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500110 ER PT J AU Warnock, DW AF Warnock, David W. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Taxonomy and Classification of Fungi SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Warnock, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1721 EP 1727 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500116 ER PT J AU Verweij, PE Brandt, ME AF Verweij, Paul E. Brandt, Mary E. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Other Opportunistic Moniliaceous Fungi SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANT; LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS-DISEASE; IN-VITRO ACTIVITY; OF-THE-LITERATURE; DIAGNOSING INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; STEM-CELL TRANSPLANTATION C1 [Verweij, Paul E.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Brandt, Mary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Verweij, PE (reprint author), Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol, POB 9101, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. NR 285 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1802 EP 1838 PG 37 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500122 ER PT J AU Brandt, ME Warnock, DW AF Brandt, Mary E. Warnock, David W. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, and Other Dimorphic Fungi Causing Systemic Mycoses SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CAPSULATUM VAR. CAPSULATUM; CHEMILUMINESCENT DNA-PROBE; IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; NESTED PCR ASSAYS; PARACOCCIDIOIDES-BRASILIENSIS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; AJELLOMYCES-DERMATITIDIS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; CULTURE IDENTIFICATION C1 [Brandt, Mary E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brandt, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 85 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1857 EP 1873 PG 17 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500124 ER PT J AU Summerbell, RC Weitzman, I Padhye, AA AF Summerbell, Richard C. Weitzman, Irene Padhye, Arvind A. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and Agents of Superficial Mycoses SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DERMATOPHYTES TRICHOPHYTON; DIAGNOSING ONYCHOMYCOSIS; SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; GENUS TRICHOSPORON; MOLECULAR TAXONOMY; MALASSEZIA-FURFUR; WHITE PIEDRA; TINEA-PEDIS; HUMAN-SKIN C1 [Summerbell, Richard C.] Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. [Weitzman, Irene] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Padhye, Arvind A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Summerbell, RC (reprint author), Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. NR 121 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1874 EP 1897 PG 24 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500125 ER PT J AU de Hoog, GS Ahmed, AOA McGinnis, MR Padhye, AA AF de Hoog, G. Sybren Ahmed, Abdalla O. A. McGinnis, Michael R. Padhye, Arvind A. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Fungi Causing Eumycotic Mycetoma SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; BLACK GRAIN EUMYCETOMA; SCEDOSPORIUM-APIOSPERMUM; PSEUDALLESCHERIA-BOYDII; MADURELLA-MYCETOMATIS; ACREMONIUM-FALCIFORME; PETRIELLIDIUM-BOYDII; POLYCYTELLA-HOMINIS; SPECIES COMPLEX; INFECTIONS C1 [Ahmed, Abdalla O. A.] King Saud Univ, Coll Med, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia. [McGinnis, Michael R.] Univ Texas Med Branch, Med Mycol Res Ctr, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Padhye, Arvind A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 96 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 1918 EP 1927 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500127 ER PT J AU Wilson, M Jones, JL McAuley, JB AF Wilson, Marianna Jones, Jeffery L. McAuley, James B. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Toxoplasma SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; COMMERCIAL IMMUNOASSAY SYSTEMS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODIES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; MULTICENTER EVALUATION C1 [Wilson, Marianna; Jones, Jeffery L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [McAuley, James B.] Rush Univ, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Wilson, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 82 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 2070 EP 2081 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500139 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS AF Visvesvara, Govinda S. BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Pathogenic and Opportunistic Free-Living Amebae SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; ACANTHAMOEBA-KERATITIS; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI; PCR ASSAY; N-SP; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; PATIENT; HUMANS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 59 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 2082 EP 2091 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500140 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Cama, V AF Xiao, Lihua Cama, Vitaliano BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Cryptosporidium SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HUMAN FECAL SPECIMENS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; SPORADIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS C1 [Xiao, Lihua; Cama, Vitaliano] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 111 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 2122 EP 2132 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500143 ER PT J AU Secor, WE Nguyen-Dinh, P AF Secor, W. Evan Nguyen-Dinh, Phuc BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Mechanisms of Resistance to Antiparasitic Agents SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CHLORPROGUANIL-DAPSONE TREATMENT; SUSCEPTIBLE SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUG RESISTANCE; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE GENE; TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-BRUCEI; CHANNEL BETA-SUBUNITS; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO C1 [Secor, W. Evan; Nguyen-Dinh, Phuc] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F-13,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 140 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 2240 EP 2249 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500152 ER PT J AU Nguyen-Dinh, P Secor, WE AF Nguyen-Dinh, Phuc Secor, W. Evan BE Baron, EJ Jorgensen, JH Landry, ML Pfaller, MA TI Susceptibility Test Methods: Parasites SO MANUAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY, 9TH ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; TRYPANOSOMA-BRUCEI-RHODESIENSE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; IN-VITRO RESISTANCE; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; SCHISTOSOMA-MANSONI; DRUG-RESISTANCE; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; PRAZIQUANTEL-RESISTANT; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 [Nguyen-Dinh, Phuc; Secor, W. Evan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nguyen-Dinh, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-371-0 PY 2007 BP 2250 EP 2256 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA BOY07 UT WOS:000278004500153 ER PT J AU Fields, BS AF Fields, Barry S. BE Hurst, CJ Crawford, RL Garland, JL Lipson, DA Mills, AL Stetzenbach, LD TI Legionellae and Legionnaires' Disease SO MANUAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY, 3RD ED LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; YEAST EXTRACT AGAR; PONTIAC FEVER; FAMILY LEGIONELLACEAE; DICTYOSTELIUM-DISCOIDEUM; PITTSBURGH PNEUMONIA; SELECTIVE MEDIUM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fields, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 88 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-379-6 PY 2007 BP 1005 EP 1015 PG 11 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA BOY05 UT WOS:000278001100080 ER PT J AU Castrodale, L Gessner, B Hammitt, L Chimonas, MA Hennessy, T AF Castrodale, Louisa Gessner, Bradford Hammitt, Laura Chimonas, Marc-Andre Hennessy, Thomas TI Invasive early-onset neonatal group B streptococcal cases - Alaska, 2000-2004 SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE early-onset neonatal sepsis; GBS infection; prenatal screening; intrapartum antimicrobial prophylaxis ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; DISEASE; PROPHYLAXIS; PREVENTION; POPULATION; ERA; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; COLONIZATION; VACCINATION; AMPICILLIN AB Objective: We conducted a review of invasive early-onset neonatal group B Streptococcus (GBS) infections that occurred during 2000-2004 in Alaska to determine the proportion of cases that might have been prevented by complete implementation of the 2002 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines. Methods: Cases were identified from statewide laboratory -based surveillance conducted by the CDC Arctic Investigations Program, and from the Alaska Medicaid database using International Classification of Diseases 9 codes 038.0, 041.02, 320.2, and 482.3. Neonates were considered to have early-onset disease if clinical illness within 6 days after birth was accompanied by GBS isolation from a normally sterile site. Maternal and neonatal medical records were reviewed. Potentially preventable cases were those for whom the 2002 CDC GBS maternal screening and intraparturn antimicrobial prophylaxis JAP) guidelines were not completely implemented. Preventability of events not related to clinician implementation of the guidelines were not considered. Results: Twenty-one neonates with invasive early-onset GBS disease were identified (0.42/1,000 live births). Three of the eight mothers for whom JAP was indicated, did not receive adequate IAP. Nine of the 13 mothers for whom there was no indication for JAP, had not been screened appropriately. Therefore, a total of 12 neonates were determined to have had potentially preventable GBS disease. Conclusions: Over 50% of the invasive early-onset neonatal GBS cases in Alaska were potentially preventable. The majority of these cases may have been prevented by closer adherence to either specific IAP administration guidelines or to maternal screening guidelines. C1 Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Castrodale, L (reprint author), Alaska Div Publ Hlth, POB 240249,3601 C St,Suite 540, Anchorage, AK 99524 USA. EM louisa_castrodale@health.state.ak.us NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 11 IS 1 BP 91 EP 95 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0144-5 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 128GG UT WOS:000243645600012 PM 17180472 ER PT J AU Ballajee, SA AF Ballajee, S. A. TI Newly described Aspergillus species within the section Fumigati SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Subtyping Unit, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ballajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Subtyping Unit, Mycot Dis Branch, 166 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 BP 283 EP 283 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 180OH UT WOS:000247374400011 PM 17464850 ER PT J AU Tintelnot, K De Hoog, GS Antweiler, E Losert, H Seibold, M Brandt, MA Van Den Ende, AHGG Fisher, MC AF Tintelnot, K. De Hoog, G. S. Antweiler, E. Losert, H. Seibold, M. Brandt, M. A. Van den Ende, A. H. G. Gerrits Fisher, M. C. TI Taxonomic and diagnostic markers for identification of Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Coccidioides immitis; Coccidioides posadasii; species identification; internal transcribed Spacer sequencing; restriction fragment length polymorphism ID IN-VITRO; SP NOV.; POPULATION; ANTARCTICA; CALIFORNIA; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCE; ANTIGEN; REGION; SOIL AB The ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer ( ITS) regions of the two recognized species of Coccidioides were studied using a reference set of strains that had been previously identified with species defining microsatellite polymorphisms. Unambiguous identification of the two species proved to be possible by amplifying and sequencing the ITS region. PCR- reactions are sensitive to amplification conditions requiring their careful optimization. Stable amplification and sequencing was achieved with primers ITS3 and 4, enabling species diagnosis. Alternatively, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ( RFLP) of the entire ITS region using an annealing temperature of 52 degrees C with the restriction enzymes BsrI and XcmI can also distinguish the species. Three strains typifying the species, Glenospora meteuropaea, G. metamericana and Geotrichum louisianoideum, were analyzed and found to be conspecific with C. posadasii. Although these species have nomenclatural priority over C. posadasii, the latter will be proposed for conservation as it has been included in the US select agent list. In addition, Coccidioides immitis is neotypified in this report. Results of antifungal susceptibility testing did not reveal differences between the two species. C1 Robert Koch Inst, Div Mycol, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. Centbureau Voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Dis Epidemiol, London, England. RP Tintelnot, K (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, Div Mycol, Nordufer 20, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. EM tintelnotk@rki.de RI Fisher, Matthew/B-9094-2011 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 5 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1080/13693780701288070 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 200GT UT WOS:000248752600001 PM 17654264 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Sigler, L Brandt, ME AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Sigler, Lynne Brandt, Mary E. TI DNA and the classical way: Identification of medically important molds in the 21st century SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Review DE mold identification; PCR; DNA sequencing ID REAL-TIME PCR; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGIONS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS SYSTEM; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS DNA; RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; TOPOISOMERASE-II GENE; SEQUENCE-BASED PCR; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; HISTOPLASMA-CAPSULATUM AB The advent of the 21st century has seen significant advances in the methods and practices used for identification of medically important molds in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Historically, molds have been identified by using observations of colonial and microscopic morphology, along with tables, keys and textbook descriptions. This approach still has value for the identification of many fungal organisms, but requires expertise and can be problematic in determining a species identification that is timely and useful in the management of high-risk patients. For the increasing number of isolates that are uncommon, atypical, or unusual, DNA-based identification methods are being increasingly employed in many clinical laboratories. These methods include the commercially available GenProbe assay, methods based on the polymerase chain reaction such as single-step PCR, RAPD-PCR, rep-PCR, nested PCR, PCR-RFLP, PCR-EIA, and more recent microarray-based, Luminex technology-based, and real-time PCR-based methods. Great variation in assay complexity, targets, and detection methods can be found, and many of these methods have not been widely used or rigorously validated. The increasing availability of DNA sequencing chemistry has made comparative DNA sequence analysis an attractive alternative tool for fungal identification. DNA sequencing methodology can be purchased commercially or developed in-house; such methods display varying degrees of usefulness depending on the breadth and reliability of the databases used for comparison. The future success of sequencing-based approaches will depend on the choice of DNA target, the reliability of the result, and the availability of a validated sequence database for query and comparison. Future studies will be required to determine sequence homology breakpoints and to assess the accuracy of molecular-based species identification in various groups of medically important filamentous fungi. At this time, a polyphasic approach to identification that combines morphologic and molecular methods will ensure the greatest success in the management of patients with fungal infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alberta, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Brandt, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbb4@cdc.gov NR 131 TC 79 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 6 BP 475 EP 490 DI 10.1080/13693780701449425 PG 16 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 213QE UT WOS:000249681400001 PM 17710617 ER PT J AU Seijo, A Picollo, M Nicholson, W Paddock, C AF Seijo, Alfredo Picollo, Marisa Nicholson, William Paddock, Christopher TI Rickettsial spotted fever in the Parana Delta. An emerging disease SO MEDICINA-BUENOS AIRES LA Spanish DT Article DE rickettsia; spotted fever; Rickettsia parkeri; Parana Delta ID PARKERI; ARGENTINA; URUGUAY AB We describe a case of rickettsial spotted fever in the Parana Delta region of Buenos Aires province in Argentina. The patient developed an acute febrile syndrome characterized by myalgias, headache, asthenia and moderate odynophagia, followed by a diffuse macular, papular, and purpuric exanthema. The patient had been bitten recently by a tick on the left preauricular region and an erosive papular lesion was evident at the bite site. An indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay identified antibodies reactive with spotted fever group rickettsiae in the patient's serum. The patient improved rapidly with doxycycline. Several considerations relating to the identity of the rickettsial species and tick vector are discussed, including the possibility that this patient's illness may have been caused by Rickettsia parkeri. C1 [Nicholson, William; Paddock, Christopher] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU MEDICINA (BUENOS AIRES) PI BUENOS AIRES PA DONATO ALVAREZ 3150, 1427 BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SN 0025-7680 J9 MEDICINA-BUENOS AIRE JI Med.-Buenos Aires PY 2007 VL 67 IS 6 BP 723 EP 726 PN 2 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 262NK UT WOS:000253155000012 PM 18422067 ER PT J AU Marshall, SJ Jones, DA Ainsworth, BE Reis, JP Levy, SS Macera, CA AF Marshall, Simon J. Jones, Deborah A. Ainsworth, Barbara E. Reis, Jared P. Levy, Susan S. Macera, Caroline A. TI Race/ethnicity, social class, and leisure-time physical inactivity SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE physical activity; sedentary behavior; surveillance surveys; socioeconomic status; self-report ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; DISPARITIES; MORTALITY; INCOME AB Purpose: The aims of this study were to determine 1) prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in a nationally representative sample of non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic men and women; 2) prevalence of leisure-time inactivity by racial/ethnic group across social class indicators; and 3) the relationship between leisure-time inactivity and occupational physical activity, independent of other social class indicators. Methods: The National Physical Activity and Weight Loss Survey was a telephone survey of noninstitutionalized U.S. adults (4695 men, 6516 women) conducted by random digit dialing between September and December 2002. Self-reported physical activity was assessed using questions from the 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Respondents who reported no moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity during leisure time in a usual week were classified as inactive. Indicators of social class were education, family income, employment status, and marital status. Results: Age-adjusted prevalence of leisure-time inactivity was 9.9% +/- 0.6 SE (standard error) and 12.0 +/- 0.6 for white men and women, respectively; 19.0 +/- 2.5 and 25.2 +/- 2.1 for non-Hispanic black men and women, and 20.9 +/- 2.1 and 27.3 +/- 2.5 for Hispanic men and women. Within each racial/ethnic group, prevalence of leisure-time inactivity was highest among participants of lower social class. Differences in inactivity by racial/ethnic group were less evident after adjustment for social class. Odds of inactivity were similar across quartiles of occupational physical activity after adjustment for age, sex, and social class. Conclusions: Non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics were more inactive during their leisure time than were non-Hispanic whites. Social class but not occupational physical activity seems to moderate the relationship between race/ethnicity and leisure-time physical inactivity. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutrit Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Marshall, SJ (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutrit Sci, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM smarshal@mail.sdsu.edu FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU 409664] NR 32 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 4 U2 22 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 44 EP 51 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000239401.16381.37 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 127GZ UT WOS:000243574800009 PM 17218883 ER PT J AU Ham, SA Reis, JP Strath, SJ Dubose, KD Ainsworth, BE AF Ham, Sandra A. Reis, Jared P. Strath, Scott J. Dubose, Katrina D. Ainsworth, Barbara E. TI Discrepancies between methods of identifying objectively determined physical activity SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE accelerometers; heart rate; measurement; validation; exercise ID ACCELEROMETER CUT-POINTS; TIME SPENT; QUESTIONNAIRE; VALIDATION; VALIDITY AB Purpose: We examined possible reasons for weak associations in validation studies by comparing published ActiGraph accelerometer intensity cut points with cut points based on intensity thresholds for heart rate response to PA. Methods: Twelve adults (five men, seven women; age 31.0 +/- 14.3 yr) wore an ActiGraph accelerometer and a Polar Vantage NV heart watch simultaneously for seven consecutive days during their waking hours. We identified PA bouts from the minute-by-minute ActiGraph data using published accelerometer thresholds for defining moderate- and vigorous-intensity PA. We then compared PA bout intensities identified with these criteria with intensity classifications of the PA bouts using mean percent heart rate reserve (HRR). Results: Most of the moderate-intensity PA bouts identified by the Freedson (78.3%), Swartz (88.0%), and Hendelman (94.7%) ActiGraph cut points were associated with a mean %HRR < 45% (very light and light intensities). The estimated mean frequency with which study participants engaged in moderate-intensity PA varied with the cut points and type of bouts used and ranged from 1.1 d(center dot)wk(-1) (45-60%HRR) to 7.0 d(center dot)wk(-1) (Hendelman cut points). The mean total duration on active days ranged from 17.9 min(center dot)d(-1) (45-60%HRR) to 139.2 min(center dot)d(-1) (Hendelman cut points). Fewer bouts of vigorous PA were found in the accelerometer data, and most were in the vigorous-intensity category of >= 60%HRR. Conclusions: The method used for analyzing ActiGraph activity data can result in large differences in the summary measure of minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. Arizona State Univ, Mesa, AZ USA. RP Ham, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, K-46,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SHam@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 39 IS 1 BP 52 EP 58 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000235886.17229.42 PG 7 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 127GZ UT WOS:000243574800010 PM 17218884 ER PT S AU Richards, J AF Richards, Janise BE Kuhn, KA Warren, JR Leong, TY TI Importance of Public Health Informatics: A Survey of Public Health Schools and Graduate Programs in the United States SO MEDINFO 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH WORLD CONGRESS ON HEALTH (MEDICAL) INFORMATICS, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Studies in Health Technology and Informatics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th World Congress on Health (Medical) Informatics CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Brisbane, AUSTRALIA SP Hlth Informat Soc Australia DE public health; informatics training; workforce development; needs assessment; education AB This paper examines the importance of data, information, and informatics to public health practice. Forty public health academicians front 40 schools and graduate programs of public health were interviewed. All agreed that informatics was important to public health practice. A qualitative analysis of their comments revealed their beliefs on the importance of informatics skills and knowledge to the practice of public health. The resulting comment groups varied from "some skills arc more important that? others " to "need all the skills. " Eight "importance" comment groups were formed: 1) skills for all professionals; 2) some skills more than others; 3) yes, they need all the skills; 4) skills to become better practitioners; 5) usefulness to practitioners: 6) communication with public; 7) they're [the public] are depending on its; and 8) the future C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Richards, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, 1600 Clifton Rd,M-S E85, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU I O S PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-9630 BN 978-1-58603-774-1 J9 ST HEAL T PY 2007 VL 129 BP 1410 EP 1413 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA BMF03 UT WOS:000272064000280 PM 17911946 ER PT J AU Shattuck, PT Grosse, SD AF Shattuck, Paul T. Grosse, Scott D. TI Issues related to the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE autism; policy; developmental screening; special education; early intervention ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; BEHAVIORAL TREATMENT; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; MEDICAID; AGE AB This paper explores issues and implications for diagnosis and treatment, stemming from the growing number of children identified with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Recent developments and innovations in special education and Medicaid programs are emphasized. Eligibility determination policies, innovations in diagnostic practices, the cost and financing of assessment, variability among programs in diagnostic criteria, and racial/ethnic disparities in the timing of diagnosis all influence the capacity of service systems to provide diagnoses in a timely, coordinated, accurate, economical, and equitable manner. There are several barriers to the more widespread provision of intensive intervention for children with ASDs, including lack of strong evidence of effectiveness in scaled-up public programs, uncertainty about the extent of obligations to provide services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, high cost of intervention, and variability among states in their willingness to fund intensive intervention via Medicaid. Innovative policy experiments with respect to financing intensive intervention through schools and Medicaid are being conducted in a number of states. (C) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr 533, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shattuck, PT (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Waisman Ctr 533, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705 USA. EM shattuck@waisman.wisc.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [T32 HD07489] NR 61 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 21 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1080-4013 J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. PY 2007 VL 13 IS 2 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1002/mrdd.20143 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 189SW UT WOS:000248009800005 PM 17563895 ER PT J AU Pillai, SD Vega, E AF Pillai, Suresh D. Vega, Everardo BE SantoDomingo, JW Sadowsky, MJ TI Molecular Detection and Characterization Tools SO MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING SE Emerging Issues in Food Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ENTERICA SEROVAR ENTERITIDIS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE-1; NUCLEIC-ACID AMPLIFICATION; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; ARBITRARY PRIMERS C1 [Pillai, Suresh D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Pillai, Suresh D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Poultry Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Vega, Everardo] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pillai, SD (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Nutr & Food Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 66 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-576-9 J9 EMERG ISS FOOD SAF JI Emerg. Iss. Food Safety PY 2007 BP 65 EP 91 PG 27 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BPJ67 UT WOS:000279007700005 ER PT J AU Hovis, KM Schriefer, ME Sadlon, T Gordon, DL Marconi, RT AF Hovis, Kelley M. Schriefer, Martin E. Sadlon, Tania Gordon, David L. Marconi, Richard T. TI Molecular and immunological analyses of the Borrelia hermsii factor H/FHL-1 binding protein, FhbA SO MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 21st International Complement Workshop CY OCT 22-26, 2006 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ctr Study Biol Complex, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Flinders Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Bedford Pk, SA, Australia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0161-5890 J9 MOL IMMUNOL JI Mol. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1-3 SI SI MA 87 BP 185 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.molimm.2006.07.092 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 096WV UT WOS:000241408400104 ER PT S AU Kuempel, ED Geraci, CL Schulte, PA AF Kuempel, E. D. Geraci, C. L. Schulte, P. A. BE Simeonova, PP Opopol, N Luster, MI TI Risk assessment approaches and research needs for nanomaterials: An examination of data and information from current studies SO NANOTECHNOLOGY - TOXICOLOGICAL ISSUES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Nanotechnology - Toxicological Issues and Environmental Safety CY AUG 12-17, 2006 CL Varna, BULGARIA SP NATO DE nanoparticles; risk assessment; risk management ID WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; INSOLUBLE IRIDIUM PARTICLES; CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE; INHALED DIESEL EXHAUST; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SURFACE-AREA; LUNG-CANCER; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE AB Risk assessment is an important component in the development of effective risk management strategies. Toxicology, epidemiology, and workplace exposure data are very limited for new engineered nanomaterials, although the number of toxicology studies in this area is growing rapidly. Data are available from existing human and animal studies of exposure to airborne ultrafine and fine particles and fibers, and these can be used as "benchmark" materials for comparison to new nanomaterials. In this paper, we examine several risk assessment and risk management options to evaluate and control exposures to reduce the risk of adverse health effects in workers producing or using nanomaterials. These options include quantitative risk assessment (QRA) using available dose-response data from chronic or subchronic inhalation studies in rodents; comparative potency analysis based on toxicological studies of ultrafine or fine particles; evaluation and adjustment of current exposure limits for similar materials; and hazard assessment and control approaches. As more data become available on new nanomaterials, more precise estimates using QRA can be developed. In the meantime, the existing scientific literature on particles and fibers can be used to develop preliminary hazard or risk estimates for nanomaterials and provide a basis for effective risk management approaches. C1 [Kuempel, E. D.; Geraci, C. L.; Schulte, P. A.] NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Kuempel, ED (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 98 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-6074-8 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2007 BP 119 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6076-2_8 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Toxicology GA BGH34 UT WOS:000246957500008 ER PT S AU Swaminathan, B Brown, BL Long, R Gerner-Smidt, P AF Swaminathan, Bala Brown, Brenda L. Long, Robert Gerner-Smidt, Peter BE Chen, H Raghu, TS Ramesh, R Vinze, A Zeng, D TI PulseNet Provides Early Warning for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks SO NATIONAL SECURITY-BOOK SE Handbooks in Information Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; ILLNESS; FOOD AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in partnership with the Association of Public Health Laboratories, USA, established PulseNet USA in 1996, as an early warning system for foodborne disease outbreaks in the USA. Four bacterial pathogens (E coli O157:H7, Sahmonella, Shigella, and Listeria monocytogenes) are routinely monitored by PulseNet by their DNA "fingerprints." The national library of these DNA fingerprints is maintained at CDC in SQL databases; a customized version of BioNumerics (Applied Maths, Sint-Martens-Latern, Belgium) software enables rapid normalization and comparison of DNA fingerprint patterns. Information security procedures are continually evaluated and updated to make sure that time-sensitive information is not accessed by unauthorized personnel. As soon as a cluster of clinical isolates of a pathogen with indistinguishable DNA fingerprints is identified, the patients in the cluster are rapidly interviewed. If preliminary findings indicate potential epidemiologic links between patients, that cluster is designated as an outbreak and a detailed investigation is initiated. This strategy has enabled the U.S. public health system to identify foodborne disease outbreaks that would not have been previously identified and facilitated outbreak identification and recall of a food product with as few as two cases in a cluster. The PulseNet network is now being replicated in Canada, Europe, Latin America, and the Asia Pacific Region. A Memorandum of Understanding formally recognizing the collaboration between PulseNet Canada and PulseNet USA was signed in Winnipeg, Canada,by the Canadian Health Minister and the U.S. Ambassador to Canada on August 12, 2005. C1 [Swaminathan, Bala; Brown, Brenda L.; Long, Robert; Gerner-Smidt, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swaminathan, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Slop CO3, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1574-0145 BN 978-0-444-51996-2 J9 HANDB INFO SYST PY 2007 VL 2 BP 311 EP 322 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Criminology & Penology; Information Science & Library Science; Law; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Criminology & Penology; Information Science & Library Science; Government & Law; Operations Research & Management Science GA BLN32 UT WOS:000270578300013 ER PT J AU Inzitari, M Newman, AB Yaffe, K Boudreau, R De Rekeneire, N Shorr, R Harris, TB Rosano, C AF Inzitari, Marco Newman, Anne B. Yaffe, Kristine Boudreau, Robert De Rekeneire, Nathalie Shorr, Ronald Harris, Tamara B. Rosano, Caterina CA Hlth ABC Study TI Gait speed predicts decline in attention and psychomotor speed in older adults: The health aging and body composition study SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gait speed; attention; psychomotor speed; elderly community dwellers; cognitive decline; mobility ID COGNITIVE DECLINE; CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH; PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE; ALZHEIMER-DISEASE; ELDERLY PERSONS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; DEMENTIA; RISK; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION AB Background/Aims: Gait speed is cross-sectionally associated with attention and psychomotor speed in older community dwellers. It is unclear if gait speed predicts decline in these cognitive domains over time. Methods: Usual gait speed (m/s) over 6 m was measured at baseline in 2,776 Health, Aging and Body Composition Study participants (mean age +/- SD 73.5 +/- 2.8 years, 53% women, 37% blacks). The Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) was administered at baseline and after 5 years to assess attention and psychomotor speed. We used multivariate logistic regression models to calculate the risk of DSST 5-year decline [>1 SD from mean change (9 points)] across quartiles of gait speed, adjusting for demographics, weight, physical activity, comorbidities, depression and Modified Mini-Mental State Examination. Results: After 5 years, 389 (17.1%) participants declined in DSST. Compared to those in the highest quartile of gait speed (> 1.35 m/s), participants in the lowest quartile (<1.05 m/s) were more likely to decline in DSST independently of the considered covariates ( OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.21-2.51, adjusted p for trend across quartiles = 0.006). Conclusions: In this cohort of older community dwellers, gait speed independently predicted a decline in DSST after 5 years. Copyright (c) 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 [Inzitari, Marco; Newman, Anne B.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Div Geriatr Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Newman, Anne B.; Boudreau, Robert; Rosano, Caterina] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Yaffe, Kristine] Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. [De Rekeneire, Nathalie] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Shorr, Ronald] Univ Florida, GRECC, NF SG Vet Hlth Syst, Gainesville, FL USA. [Shorr, Ronald] Univ Florida, Dept Aging & Geriatr, Gainesville, FL USA. [Harris, Tamara B.] NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demography & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Inzitari, Marco] Univ Florence, Dept Crit Care Med & Surg, Unit Geriatr, Florence, Italy. RP Inzitari, M (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Med, Div Geriatr Med, 130 N Bellefield St,Room 518, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM inzitarim@edc.pitt.edu RI Newman, Anne/C-6408-2013; OI Newman, Anne/0000-0002-0106-1150; Boudreau, Robert/0000-0003-0162-5187; Rosano, Caterina/0000-0002-0909-1506; Rosano, Caterina/0000-0002-4271-6010 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIA NIH HHS [N01-AG-6-2101, N01-AG-6-2103, N01-AG-6-2106, P30 AG024827] NR 32 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 5 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 156 EP 162 DI 10.1159/000111577 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 251PG UT WOS:000252385100003 PM 18042999 ER PT J AU Fang, J Alderman, MH Keenan, NL Croft, JB AF Fang, Jing Alderman, Michael H. Keenan, Nora L. Croft, Janet B. TI Declining US stroke hospitalization since 1997: National hospital discharge survey, 1988-2004 SO NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE stroke hospitalization; national hospital discharge survey ID MINNESOTA HEART SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; CEREBROVASCULAR-DISEASE; CASE-FATALITY; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY; TRENDS; SEVERITY; COMORBIDITIES; POPULATION AB Background and Purpose: While age-adjusted stroke mortality in the United States has declined consistently during the last century, trends in stroke incidence and hospitalization are less known. This study examines trends in stroke hospitalization from 1988 to 2004. Methods: Stroke hospitalizations were estimated from the annual National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1988-2004. Stroke was defined as a first-listed diagnosis of ICD-9-CM (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification) code 430-434 or 436-438. Trends in hospitalization rates were compared for groups defined by selected patient characteristics. Results: Stroke hospitalizations totaled 603,000 in 1988, peaked at 833,000 in 1997, then declined to 726,000 in 2004, a figure still higher than in 1988. Age-adjusted stroke hospitalization rates for men (per 100,000 population) increased from 287 in 1988 to 352 in 1997, but declined to 265 in 2004, and for women, rates were 252, 293 and 223 in the corresponding years. The majority of stroke hospitalizations in 2004 occurred at ages >= 65 years (69% in men and 78% in women). Decline in rates after 1997 occurred at ages 65-74 and >= 75 years. In 2004, 64% of strokes were classified as ischemic, 16% as hemorrhagic and 16% as ill-defined. Decline in hospitalization rates after 1997 were observed for ischemic and ill-defined, but not for hemorrhagic stroke. Between 1988 and 2004, the reporting of hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease as secondary diagnoses among stroke hospitalizations increased. Conclusions: Decline in stroke hospitalizations since 1997 was observed among men and women >65 years, who suffered ischemic or ill-defined stroke. Although long-term observation is needed to confirm this finding, the decline in stroke hospitalizations after 1997 suggests treatment of hypertension may have resulted in stroke prevention. Copyright (c) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 [Fang, Jing; Keenan, Nora L.; Croft, Janet B.] Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Alderman, Michael H.] Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Fang, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jfang@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0251-5350 J9 NEUROEPIDEMIOLOGY JI Neuroepidemiology PY 2007 VL 29 IS 3-4 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1159/000112857 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Clinical Neurology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 251PG UT WOS:000252385100015 PM 18176081 ER PT J AU Pederson, LL Nelson, DE AF Pederson, Linda L. Nelson, David E. TI Literature review and summary of perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and marketing of potentially reduced exposure products: Communication implications SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID LIGHT CIGARETTES; TOBACCO PRODUCTS; HARM REDUCTION; HEALTH-RISKS; SMOKING AB Potentially reduced exposure products (PREPs) have continued to enter the market during the 1990s and first part of the 21st century. Attempts by the tobacco industry to develop and market products with implied reductions in adverse health effects (i.e., harm reduction) are not new. Over the last half of the 20th century, the tobacco industry developed and marketed several products that purported to reduce the health risks associated with smoking cigarettes. Among these were filtered cigarettes in the 1950s and light and ultra-light cigarettes in the 1970s and 1980s. This review summarizes published and unpublished research that is directly relevant to the marketing, advertising, and communication about PREPs. The marketing strategies for these new products do not appear to differ from those used by the tobacco industry for light and ultra-light cigarettes. Although smokers report not using the new products in large numbers because of dissatisfaction with taste, they are interested in using products with reduced risk. Despite the absence of explicit health claims by the industry for PREPs, many smokers believe that these products are safer based on the advertising claims of reduced exposure and a belief that claims are approved by the government. No data are available to indicate that PREPs are useful for prevention or cessation of smoking, nor does specific research exist to suggest what health communication messages will provide smokers with accurate information about these products. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pederson, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Mail Stop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lip9@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 5 BP 525 EP 534 DI 10.1080/14622200701239548 PG 10 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 167UE UT WOS:000246477200002 PM 17454709 ER PT J AU England, LJ Grauman, A Qian, C Wilkins, DG Schisterman, EF Yu, KF Levine, RJ AF England, Lucinda J. Grauman, Alyssa Qian, Cong Wilkins, Diana G. Schisterman, Enrique F. Yu, Kai F. Levine, Richard J. TI Misclassification of maternal smoking status and its effects on an epidemiologic study of pregnancy outcomes SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; BIRTH-WEIGHT; COTININE LEVELS; PREECLAMPSIA; CESSATION; HEALTH; WOMEN; RISK; PATTERNS; EXPOSURE AB Reliance on self-reported smoking status among pregnant women can result in exposure misclassification. We used data from the Calcium for Preeclampsia Prevention trial, a randomized study of nulliparous women conducted from 1992 to 1995, to characterize tobacco exposure misclassification among women who reported at study enrollment that they had quit smoking. Urinary cotinine concentration was used to validate quit status, and factors associated with exposure misclassification and the effects of misclassification on associations between smoking and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression. Of 4,289 women enrolled, 508 were self-reported smokers and 771 were self-reported quitters. Of 737 self-reported quitters with a valid cotinine measurement, 21.6% had evidence of active smoking and were reclassified as smokers. Women who reported having quit smoking during pregnancy were more likely to be reclassified than women who reported quitting before pregnancy (p <.001). Among smokers, factors independently associated with misclassification of smoking status included fewer cigarettes smoked per day and fewer years smoked. After reclassification the odds ratio for a small-for-gestationalage birth among smokers decreased by 14%, and the smoking-related reduction in birth weight decreased by 15%. Effects of misclassification on the association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were present but less dramatic. In conclusion, use of self-reported smoking status collected at the time of study enrollment resulted in the introduction of bias into our study of smoking and pregnancy outcomes. The potential for this type of bias should be considered when conducting and interpreting epidemiologic studies of smoking and pregnancy outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Allied Technol Grp, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Utah, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Ctr Human Toxicol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP England, LJ (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbe9@cdc.gov OI Schisterman, Enrique/0000-0003-3757-641X FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 25 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 10 BP 1005 EP 1013 DI 10.1080/14622200701491255 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 225KU UT WOS:000250517600004 PM 17852766 ER PT J AU Snyder, EE Kampanya, N Lu, J Nordberg, EK Karur, HR Shukla, M Soneja, J Tian, Y Xue, T Yoo, H Zhang, F Dharmanolla, C Dongre, NV Gillespie, JJ Hamelius, J Hance, M Huntington, KI Jukneliene, D Koziski, J Mackasmiel, L Mane, SP Nguyen, V Purkayastha, A Shallom, J Yu, G Guo, Y Gabbard, J Hix, D Azad, AF Baker, SC Boyle, SM Khudyakov, Y Meng, XJ Rupprecht, C Vinje, J Crasta, OR Czar, MJ Dickerman, A Eckart, JD Kenyon, R Will, R Setubal, JC Sobral, BWS AF Snyder, E. E. Kampanya, N. Lu, J. Nordberg, E. K. Karur, H. R. Shukla, M. Soneja, J. Tian, Y. Xue, T. Yoo, H. Zhang, F. Dharmanolla, C. Dongre, N. V. Gillespie, J. J. Hamelius, J. Hance, M. Huntington, K. I. Jukneliene, D. Koziski, J. Mackasmiel, L. Mane, S. P. Nguyen, V. Purkayastha, A. Shallom, J. Yu, G. Guo, Y. Gabbard, J. Hix, D. Azad, A. F. Baker, S. C. Boyle, S. M. Khudyakov, Y. Meng, X. J. Rupprecht, C. Vinje, J. Crasta, O. R. Czar, M. J. Dickerman, A. Eckart, J. D. Kenyon, R. Will, R. Setubal, J. C. Sobral, B. W. S. TI PATRIC: The VBI PathoSystems Resource Integration Center SO NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; PROTEIN FAMILIES; DATABASE; INFORMATION; GENOMES; RECOGNITION; PROGRAMS; DISEASES AB The PathoSystems Resource Integration Center (PATRIC) is one of eight Bioinformatics Resource Centers (BRCs) funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infection Diseases (NIAID) to create a data and analysis resource for selected NIAID priority pathogens, specifically proteobacteria of the genera Brucella, Rickettsia and Coxiella, and corona-, calici- and lyssaviruses and viruses associated with hepatitis A and E. The goal of the project is to provide a comprehensive bioinformatics resource for these pathogens, including consistently annotated genome, proteome and metabolic pathway data to facilitate research into counter-measures, including drugs, vaccines and diagnostics. The project's curation strategy has three prongs: 'breadth first' beginning with whole-genome and proteome curation using standardized protocols, a 'targeted' approach addressing the specific needs of researchers and an integrative strategy to leverage high-throughput experimental data (e.g. microarrays, proteomics) and literature. The PATRIC infrastructure consists of a relational database, analytical pipelines and a website which supports browsing, querying, data visualization and the ability to download raw and curated data in standard formats. At present, the site warehouses complete sequences for 17 bacterial and 332 viral genomes. The PATRIC website (https://patric.vbi.vt.edu) will continually grow with the addition of data, analysis and functionality over the course of the project. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Ctr Human Comp Interact, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, VA MD Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Snyder, EE (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Bioinformat Inst, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM eesnyder@vbi.vt.edu RI Setubal, Joao/C-7305-2012; Meng, X.J./B-8769-2009; OI Setubal, Joao/0000-0001-9174-2816; Meng, X.J./0000-0002-2739-1334; Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 FU PHS HHS [HHSN266200400035C] NR 42 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-1048 J9 NUCLEIC ACIDS RES JI Nucleic Acids Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 35 SI SI BP D401 EP D406 DI 10.1093/nar/gkl858 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 126EI UT WOS:000243494600083 PM 17142235 ER PT J AU Li, C Ford, ES McGuire, LC Mokdad, AH AF Li, Chaoyang Ford, Earl S. McGuire, Lisa C. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Increasing trends in waist circumference and abdominal obesity among US adults SO OBESITY LA English DT Article DE nutrition surveys; trends; waist circumference; abdominal adiposity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; MEN; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE; WOMEN AB Objective: Some studies have shown that abdominal obesity may be a better predictor than overall obesity for disease risks and all-cause mortality. This study sought to examine the recent trends in waist circumference (WC) among adults in the United States. Research Methods and Procedures: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 19881994, 1999-2000, 2001-2002, and 2003-2004 were analyzed to estimate the trends in the mean WC and the prevalence of abdominal obesity. Pooled t tests were used to test the differences in estimates between two time periods. Results: Between the periods of 1988-1994 and 2003-2004, the age-adjusted mean WC increased from 96.0 cm to 100.4 cm among men (p < 0.001) and from 89.0 cm to 94.0 cm among women (p < 0.001); the age-adjusted prevalence of abdominal obesity increased from 29.5% to 42.4% among men (p < 0.001) and from 47.0% to 61.3% among women (p < 0.001). Between the periods of 1999-2000 and 2003-2004, a significant increase occurred in mean WC only among men (from 99.0 cm to 100.4 cm; p = 0.03) and in the prevalence of abdominal obesity among both men (from 37.0% to 42.2%; p = 0.03) and women (from 55.3% to 61.3%; p = 0.04). People with a BMI of 25 to 29 kg /m(2) had a greater relative increase in abdominal obesity. Discussion: The mean WC and the prevalence of abdominal obesity among U.S. adults have increased continuously during the past 15 years. Over one-half of U.S. adults had abdominal obesity in the period of 2003-2004. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cli@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 154 Z9 163 U1 1 U2 8 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1930-7381 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD JAN PY 2007 VL 15 IS 1 BP 216 EP 224 DI 10.1038/oby.2007.505 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 212OA UT WOS:000249605500027 PM 17228050 ER PT J AU Wujcik, D Lin, S Grau, A Champion, V Zheng, W Egan, K Malin, A AF Wujcik, Debra Lin, Sally Grau, Ana Champion, Victoria Zheng, Wei Egan, Kathleen Malin, Alecia TI Psychosocial factors influencing timely completion of follow-up after incomplete or abnormal screening mammography results in a medically underserved population. SO ONCOLOGY NURSING FORUM LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ONCOLOGY NURSING SOCIETY PI PITTSBURGH PA 125 ENTERPRISE DR, PITTSBURGH, PA 15275 USA SN 0190-535X J9 ONCOL NURS FORUM JI Oncol. Nurs. Forum PD JAN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 MA 160 BP 229 EP 229 PG 1 WC Oncology; Nursing SC Oncology; Nursing GA 125KO UT WOS:000243441000190 ER PT S AU Christodoulides, N Floriano, PN Miller, CS Ebersole, JL Mohanty, S Dharshan, P Griffin, M Lennart, A Ballard, KLM King, CP Langub, MC Kryscio, RJ Thomas, MV McDevitt, JT AF Christodoulides, Nicolaos Floriano, Pierre N. Miller, Craig S. Ebersole, Jeffrey L. Mohanty, Sanghamitra Dharshan, Priya Griffin, Michael Lennart, Alexis Ballard, Karri L. Michael King, Charles P., Jr. Langub, M. Chris Kryscio, Richard J. Thomas, Mark V. McDevitt, John T. BE Malamud, D Niedbala, RS TI Lab-on-a-chip methods for point-of-care measurements of salivary biomarkers of periodontitis SO ORAL-BASED DIAGNOSTICS SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Oral-Based Diagnostics CY OCT 10-13, 2006 CL Lake Lanier Isl, GA SP Drager Safety, Drager USA, Int Diagnost Syst Corp, K Street Associates LLC, Lehigh Univ, NIDCR, NY Univ Coll Dent, OraSure Technologies Inc, Salimetrics LLC, StatSure Diagnost Syst DE lab-on-a-chip; salivary diagnostics; inflammation; biomarkers; periodontitis ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; ANTAGONISTS INHIBIT; MUTANS STREPTOCOCCI; DENTAL INFECTIONS; BINDING GLOBULIN; SENSOR ARRAY; CARDIAC RISK; ASSAY SYSTEM; DISEASES; MICROCHIP AB Salivary secretions contain a variety of molecules that reflect important pathophysiological activities. Quantitative changes of specific salivary biomarkers could have significance in the diagnosis and management of both oral and systemic diseases. Modern point-of-care technologies with enhanced detection capabilities are needed to implement a significant advancement in salivary diagnostics. One such promising technology is the recently described lab-on-a-chip (LOC) assay system, in which assays are performed on chemically sensitized beads populated into etched silicon wafers with embedded fluid handling and optical detection capabilities. Using this LOC system, complex assays can be performed with small sample volumes, short analysis times, and markedly reduced reagent costs. This report describes the use of LOC methodologies to assess the levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), C-reactive protein (CRP), and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in whole saliva, and the potential use of these biomarkers for diagnosing and categorizing the severity and extent of periodontitis. This study demonstrates that the results achieved by the LOC approach are in agreement with those acquired with standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with significant IL-1 beta and MMP-8 elevations in whole saliva of periodontitis patients. Furthermore, because of the superior detection capacities associated with the LOC approach, unlike those with ELISA, significant differences in CRP levels between periodontitis patients and normal subjects are observed. Finally, principal component analysis (PCA) is performed to yield an efficient method to discriminate between periodontally healthy and unhealthy patients, thus increasing the diagnostic value of these biomarkers for periodontitis when examined with the integrated LOC sensor system. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Dent, Dept Oral Hlth Practice, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Dent, Ctr Oral Hlth Res, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Internal Med, Lexington, KY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Extramural Programs, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Nano & Mol Sci & Technol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP McDevitt, JT (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Chem & Biochem, 1 Univ Stn A5300, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM mcdevitt@mail.utexas.edu RI Mohanty, Sanghamitra/D-1122-2015; McDevitt, John/P-4108-2014 OI Mohanty, Sanghamitra/0000-0001-6601-944X; McDevitt, John/0000-0001-8789-9351 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR02602, P20 RR 020145]; NIDCR NIH HHS [UO1 DE15017] NR 54 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN STREET, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-661-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2007 VL 1098 BP 411 EP 428 DI 10.1196/annals.1384.035 PG 18 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Medical Laboratory Technology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Medical Laboratory Technology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BGC93 UT WOS:000246091500029 PM 17435146 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Lewis, EJ Glass, G Dasilva, AJ Tamang, L Girouard, AS Curriero, FC AF Graczyk, Thaddeus K. Lewis, Earl J. Glass, Gregory Dasilva, Alexandre J. Tamang, Leena Girouard, Autumn S. Curriero, Frank C. TI Quantitative assessment of viable Cryptosporidium parvum load in commercial oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in the Chesapeake Bay SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY-ADULTS; MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; OOCYSTS; RNA; CONTAMINATION; CONSUMPTION; VIABILITY; SURVIVAL AB The epidemiological importance of increasing reports worldwide on Cryptosporidium contamination of oysters remains unknown in relation to foodborne cryptosporidiosis. Thirty market-size oysters (Crassostrea virginica), collected from each of 53 commercial harvesting sites in Chesapeake Bay, MD, were quantitatively tested in groups of six for Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA). After IFA analysis, the samples were retrospectively retested for viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by combined fluorescent in situ hybridization ( FISH) and IFA. The mean cumulative numbers of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in six oysters (overall, 42.1 +/- 4.1) were significantly higher than in the numbers of viable C. parvum oocysts (overall, 28.0 +/- 2.9). Of 265 oyster groups, 221 (83.4%) contained viable C. parvum oocysts, and overall, from 10-32% (mean, 23%) of the total viable oocysts were identified in the hemolymph as distinct from gill washings. The amount of viable C. parvum oocysts was not related to oyster size or to the level of fecal coliforms at the sampling site. This study demonstrated that, although oysters are frequently contaminated with oocysts, the levels of viable oocysts may be too low to cause infection in healthy individuals. FISH assay for identification can be retrospectively applied to properly stored samples. C1 Johns Hopkins Blooberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Blooberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomo, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Blooberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tgraczyk@jhsph.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES03819] NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0261-5 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 111GL UT WOS:000242439300008 PM 16896650 ER PT J AU Finnin, PJ Visvesvara, GS Campbell, BE Fry, DR Gasser, RB AF Finnin, Peter J. Visvesvara, Govinda S. Campbell, Bronwyn E. Fry, Darren R. Gasser, Robin B. TI Multifocal Balamuthia mandrillaris infection in a dog in Australia SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT AB A 6-year-old male golden retriever, with an 8-month history of seizures and a clinical diagnosis of lymphoma in the central nervous system, was (at the owner's request) euthanized after signs of respiratory distress and shock developed. Upon postmortem examination, the diagnoses of meningoencephalitis and pneumonia were made. A histological examination of selected tissues from both the lung and central nervous system revealed a severe, acute, multifocal, amoebic, embolic pneumonia and a severe, chronic, multifocal, nonsuppurative, amoebic meningoencephalitis. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the presence of trophozoite and cyst stages of Balamuthia mandrillaris. This is the first report of B. mandrillaris (which is a free-living amoeba) causing fatal, multifocal granulomatous amoebiasis in a dog in Australia. C1 Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Vet Specialist Grp, Auckland, New Zealand. RP Gasser, RB (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, 250 Princess Highway, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. EM robinbg@unimelb.edu.au NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 423 EP 426 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0302-0 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 111GL UT WOS:000242439300031 PM 17033842 ER PT J AU Fullerton, KE Ingram, LA Jones, TF Anderson, BJ McCarthy, PV Hurd, S Shiferaw, B Vugia, D Haubert, N Hayes, T Wedel, S Scallan, E Henao, O Angulo, FJ AF Fullerton, Kathleen E. Ingram, L. Amanda Jones, Timothy F. Anderson, Bridget J. McCarthy, Patrick V. Hurd, Sharon Shiferaw, Beletshachew Vugia, Duc Haubert, Nicole Hayes, Tameka Wedel, Stephanie Scallan, Elaine Henao, Olga Angulo, Frederick J. TI Sporadic Campylobacter infection in infants - A population-based surveillance case-control study SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; infants; Campylobacter infections; campylobacteriosis; case-control studies ID JEJUNI-COLI ENTERITIS; RISK-FACTORS; RAW-MILK; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; KITCHEN SURFACES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; DIARRHEA AB Background: Campylobacter is an important cause of foodbome illness in infants (younger than I year of age), but little is known about the sources of infection in this age group. Methods: Eight sites in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) participated in a 24-month population-based case-control study conducted in 2002-2004. Cases were infants with laboratory-confirmed Campylobacter infection ascertained through active laboratory surveillance, and controls were infants in the community. Results: We enrolled 123 cases and 928 controls. Infants 0-6 months of age with Campylobacter infection were less likely to be breast-fed than controls [odds ratio (OR); 0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.1-0.6]. Risk factors for infants 0-6 months of age included drinking well water (OR 4.4; CI, 1.4-14) and riding in a shopping cart next to meat or poultry (OR 4.0; CI, 1.2-13.0). Risk factors for infants 7-11 months of age included visiting or living on a farm (OR 6.2; CI, 2.2-17), having a pet with diarrhea in the home (OR 7.6; CI, 2.1-28) and eating fruits and vegetables prepared in the home (OR 2.5, CI 1.2-4.9). Campylobacter infection was associated with travel outside the United States at all ages (OR 19.3; CI, 4.5-82.1). Conclusions: Several unique protective and risk factors were identified among infants, and these risk factors vary by age, suggesting that prevention measures be targeted accordingly. Breast-feeding was protective for the youngest infants and should continue to be encouraged. C1 MPH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. New York State, Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Ctr Food Safety & Nutrit, US FDA, Washington, DC USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Oregon Div Hlth, Portland, OR USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Fullerton, KE (reprint author), MPH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kfullerton@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000247137.43495.34 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 122PD UT WOS:000243238000004 PM 17195700 ER PT J AU Stockman, LJ Massoudi, MS Helfand, R Erdman, D Siwek, AM Anderson, LJ Parashar, UD AF Stockman, Lauren J. Massoudi, Mehran S. Helfand, Rita Erdman, Dean Siwek, Alison M. Anderson, Larry J. Parashar, Umesh D. TI Severe acute respiratory syndrome in children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus; pediatrics; diagnosis; disease transmission ID ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC-LEUKEMIA; SARS CORONAVIRUS; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; PCR ASSAYS; OSTEONECROSIS; OUTBREAK; CHINA; PNEUMONIA; INFECTION; PATTERNS AB Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a febrile, respiratory tract illness caused by infection with the newly identified SARS-associated coronavirus. A notable feature of the 2003 global SARS outbreak was the relative paucity of cases reported among children. We reviewed the epidemiologic and clinical features of SARS in children and discuss implications of these findings for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of SARS. Methods: We performed a literature search to identify reports of pediatric (younger than 18 years of age) patients meeting the World Health Organization case definitions for SARS and abstracted relevant clinical and epidemiologic information. Results: We identified 6 case series reporting 135 pediatric SARS patients (80 laboratory-confirmed, 27 probable and 28 suspect) from Canada, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore. Among laboratory-confirmed and probable SARS cases, the most common symptoms included fever (98%), cough (60%) and nausea or vomiting (41%) 97% had radiographic abnormalities. The clinical presentation SARS in patients older than 12 years of age was similar to that in adults. However, patients 12 years of age or younger had milder disease and were less likely than older children to be admitted to an intensive care unit, receive supplemental oxygen or be treated with methylprednisolone. No deaths were reported among children or adolescents with SARS, and at 6 months after illness only mild residual changes were reported in exercise tolerance and pulmonary function. There is only 1 published report of transmission of SARS virus from a pediatric patient. Conclusions: Children and adolescents are susceptible to SARS-associated coronavirus infection, although the clinical course and outcome are more favorable in children younger than 12 years of age compared with adolescents and adults. Transmission of SARS from pediatric patients appears to be uncommon but is possible. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Dept Vet Affairs, Decatur, GA USA. RP Stockman, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lstockman@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 26 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000247136.28950.41 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 122PD UT WOS:000243238000013 PM 17195709 ER PT J AU Earley, MC Laxova, A Farrell, PM Hannon, WH AF Earley, M. C. Laxova, A. Farrell, P. M. Hannon, W. H. TI Development of a DNA-based cystic fibrosis newborn screening proficiency testing program SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Earley, M. C.; Hannon, W. H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Laxova, A.; Farrell, P. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med & Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 8755-6863 J9 PEDIATR PULM JI Pediatr. Pulmonol. PY 2007 SU 30 MA 190 BP 268 EP 268 PG 1 WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System GA 219SM UT WOS:000250105000267 ER PT J AU Kempe, A Daley, MF Parashar, UD Crane, LA Beaty, BL Stokley, S Barrow, J Babbel, C Dickinson, LM Widdowson, MA Alexander, JP Berman, S AF Kempe, Allison Daley, Matthew F. Parashar, Umesh D. Crane, Lori A. Beaty, Brenda L. Stokley, Shannon Barrow, Jennifer Babbel, Christine Dickinson, L. Miriam Widdowson, Marc-Alain Alexander, James P. Berman, Stephen TI Will pediatricians adopt the new rotavirus vaccine? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Advisory-Council-on-Immunization-Practices CY FEB 21, 2006 CL Atlanta, GA SP Advisory Council Immunizat Practices DE immunization; rotavirus vaccine; physician attitudes ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; INTUSSUSCEPTION; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; PREVENTION; GUIDELINES; EFFICACY; DIARRHEA; INFANTS; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVES. Our objective was to determine the following among US pediatricians: (1) perceptions regarding burden of rotavirus disease and need for a vaccine; (2) intentions for recommending a newly licensed rotavirus vaccine; (3) perceived barriers to implementation; and (4) factors associated with plans for vaccine adoption. PATIENTS AND METHODS. A network of 431 pediatricians was recruited from a random sample of American Academy of Pediatrics' members. The network was designed to be representative of the American Academy of Pediatrics with respect to region of the country, practice type, and practice setting. During January and February 2006, physicians were surveyed by Internet or mail. The survey contained a paragraph summarizing results of the new rotavirus vaccine trial. Respondents were asked about intentions to use the vaccine and anticipated barriers. RESULTS. The survey response rate was 71%. Of the respondents, 52% strongly agreed and 37% somewhat agreed with the need for a rotavirus vaccine. If recommended for routine use, 50% would strongly recommend and 34% would recommend but not strongly; 52% would begin to use within 6 months and 27% from 6 months to 1 year. The top 3 "definite" barriers to implementation included concerns about uniform coverage of vaccine by insurers, lack of adequate reimbursement, and parental reluctance because of withdrawal of previous rotavirus vaccine. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with very likely adoption of the vaccine included perception of a high burden of rotavirus disease and a high level of confidence in prelicensure studies of vaccine safety. The presence of physician concerns about safety of the new vaccine and the perception of parental concerns about vaccine safety in general were negatively associated with adoption. CONCLUSIONS. The majority of pediatricians reported willingness to implement the new rotavirus vaccine, most within 6 months. Major barriers to optimal implementation included provider concerns about reimbursement issues and parental acceptance of the vaccine. C1 Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Dept Prevent Med & Biomet, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Dept Family Med, Denver, CO USA. Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kempe, A (reprint author), 1056 E 19th Ave,B032, Denver, CO 80218 USA. EM kempe.allison@tchden.org FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [SIP 5 U48 DP000054-0] NR 39 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1874 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 121YB UT WOS:000243191800043 PM 17200265 ER PT J AU Miller, JW Naimi, TS Brewer, RD Jones, SE AF Miller, Jacqueline W. Naimi, Timothy S. Brewer, Robert D. Jones, Sherry Everett TI Binge drinking and associated health risk behaviors among high school students SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescents; alcohol use; adverse behaviors; surveillance ID BLOOD-ALCOHOL LIMITS; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; YOUNG DRIVERS; STATES; ADOLESCENTS; ABUSE; CONSUMPTION; PREVENTION; MAGAZINES; PERIOD AB OBJECTIVES. Underage drinking contributes to the 3 leading causes of death (unintentional injury, homicide, and suicide) among persons aged 12 to 20 years. Most adverse health effects from underage drinking stem from acute intoxication resulting from binge drinking. Although binge drinking, typically defined as consuming >= 5 drinks on an occasion, is a common pattern of alcohol consumption among youth, few population-based studies have focused specifically on the characteristics of underage binge drinkers and their associated health risk behaviors. METHODS. We analyzed data on current drinking, binge drinking, and other health risk behaviors from the 2003 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using SAS and SUDAAN statistical software. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between different patterns of alcohol consumption and health risk behaviors. RESULTS. Overall, 44.9% of high school students reported drinking alcohol during the past 30 days (28.8% binge drank and 16.1% drank alcohol but did not binge drink). Although girls reported more current drinking with no binge drinking, binge-drinking rates were similar among boys and girls. Binge-drinking rates increased with age and school grade. Students who binge drank were more likely than both nondrinkers and current drinkers who did not binge to report poor school performance and involvement in other health risk behaviors such as riding with a driver who had been drinking, being currently sexually active, smoking cigarettes or cigars, being a victim of dating violence, attempting suicide, and using illicit drugs. A strong dose-response relationship was found between the frequency of binge drinking and the prevalence of other health risk behaviors. CONCLUSIONS. Binge drinking is the most common pattern of alcohol consumption among high school youth who drink alcohol and is strongly associated with a wide range of other health risk behaviors. Effective intervention strategies (eg, enforcement of the minimum legal drinking age, screening and brief intervention, and increasing alcohol taxes) should be implemented to prevent underage alcohol consumption and adverse health and social consequences resulting from this behavior. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alcohol Team, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Res Team, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Miller, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alcohol Team, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jmiller5@cdc.gov NR 61 TC 348 Z9 358 U1 15 U2 76 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1517 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 121YB UT WOS:000243191800051 PM 17200273 ER PT J AU Gupta, VB Hyman, SL Johnson, CP Bryant, J Byers, B Kallen, R Levy, SE Myers, SM Rosenblatt, AI Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Gupta, Vidya Bhushan Hyman, Susan L. Johnson, Chris Plauche Bryant, James Byers, Barbara Kallen, Ronald Levy, Susan E. Myers, Scott M. Rosenblatt, Alan I. Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn TI Identifying children with autism early? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SPECTRUM DISORDERS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS; FAMILIES; AGE C1 New York Med Coll, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Ohio Bur Children Med Handicaps, Columbus, OH USA. Ann Arbor Families Autist Childrens Educ & Suppor, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Geisinger Med Ctr, Danville, PA 17822 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gupta, VB (reprint author), 32 Sunset Rd, Demarest, NJ 07627 USA. EM bhushan07627@yahoo.com NR 12 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 152 EP 153 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2026 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 121YB UT WOS:000243191800058 PM 17200280 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL Billah, K Rein, DB Hicks, KA Wirth, KE Bell, BP AF Armstrong, Gregory L. Billah, Kaafee Rein, David B. Hicks, Katherine A. Wirth, Kathleen E. Bell, Beth P. TI The economics of routine childhood hepatitis A immunization in the United States: The impact of herd immunity SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A vaccines; cost-effectiveness; herd immunity ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; VACCINATION; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; MODEL AB OBJECTIVES. Because of the herd-immunity phenomenon, the benefits of immunization against hepatitis A extend beyond those received by those who are vaccinated. This analysis estimates the impact of herd immunity on the cost-effectiveness of routine hepatitis A immunization among US children. PATIENTS AND METHODS. In an economic model, the costs and benefits of hepatitis A immunization were estimated for immunizing all US children at age 1 year over a 10-year period starting in 2005. The future burden of disease from hepatitis A was also estimated with this model, and the fraction that would be prevented by herd immunity was modeled by using a previously published analysis of the relationship between hepatitis A vaccination coverage and declines in hepatitis A incidence. RESULTS. Without accounting for herd-immunity effects, the costs of routine immunization would average $32 000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained for the first 10 cohorts immunized starting with the 2005 birth cohort. Herd-immunity effects would be expected to produce substantial additional benefits, lowering the cost of the immunization program to $1000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained for the first 10 cohorts. Herd-immunity benefits would be greatest for the first few cohorts, more than doubling the benefits of immunization, and would decline over time. In a univariate sensitivity analysis, estimates were most sensitive to vaccination costs but remained below $20 000 per quality-adjusted life-year under all of the assumptions. CONCLUSIONS. Herd- immunity effects more than double the savings from hepatitis A immunization during the first 10 years of the program. After accounting for these effects, immunization is close to cost-neutral on a cost-per-quality-adjusted-lifeyear basis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RTI Int, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-03,1600 Clifton Rd NF, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM garmstrong@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP E22 EP E29 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1572 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 121YB UT WOS:000243191800004 PM 17200247 ER PT J AU Grijalva, CG Poehling, KA Edwards, KM Weinberg, GA Staat, MA Iwane, MK Schaffner, W Griffin, MR AF Grijalva, Carlos G. Poehling, Katherine A. Edwards, Kathryn M. Weinberg, Geoffrey A. Staat, Mary A. Iwane, Marika K. Schaffner, William Griffin, Marie R. TI Accuracy and interpretation of rapid influenza tests in children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE human influenza; predictive value; rapid diagnostic tests ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VIRAL CULTURE; PANDEMIC INFLUENZA; MEDICAL LITERATURE; FEBRILE INFANTS; DIAGNOSTIC-TEST; USERS GUIDES; VIRUS; MANAGEMENT AB BACKGROUND. Influenza rapid antigen detection ( rapid tests) can provide timely identification of infection and aid in clinical decision-making. Although the interpretation of test results depends on test characteristics and influenza prevalence, this information is limited in routine clinical practice. OBJECTIVE. We sought to assess the times at which rapid tests are most predictive of influenza infection. METHODS. The New Vaccine Surveillance Network enrolled children aged < 5 years who were hospitalized with respiratory symptoms or fever from October 2000 through September 2004. Nasal and throat swabs were obtained, and influenza virus was detected by culture and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Provider-ordered rapid influenza tests were compared with the criterion standard (culture and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) to determine their sensitivity and specificity. The New Vaccine Surveillance Network also enrolled children in outpatient settings during the 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 influenza seasons and determined the weekly influenza prevalence among symptomatic children. Trends in weekly predictive values of the rapid tests were estimated over the influenza seasons. RESULTS. Rapid influenza tests had an overall sensitivity of 63% and specificity of 97%. In 2002-2003, the prevalence of influenza in symptomatic outpatient children peaked at 21% and stayed above 10% for similar to 4 weeks. In contrast, in 2003 2004, influenza prevalence peaked at 60% and remained above 20% for similar to 6 weeks. The positive predictive value of the rapid tests approached 80% when influenza prevalence was >= 15% but decreased to < 70% when influenza prevalence was < 10%. CONCLUSIONS. Influenza prevalence varies between and within seasons. On the basis of our estimates, rapid tests are of limited use when prevalence is < 10%. The appropriate interpretation of rapid influenza tests requires local influenza surveilwww. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin, MR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Sch Med, 1110 Med Ctr N, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM marie.griffin@vanderbilt.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI065805]; PHS HHS [U38/CCU417958] NR 43 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP E6 EP E11 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1694 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 121YB UT WOS:000243191800002 PM 17200259 ER PT J AU Rein, DB Hicks, KA Wirth, KE Billah, K Finelli, L Fiore, AE Hoerger, TJ Bell, BP Armstrong, GL AF Rein, David B. Hicks, Katherine A. Wirth, Kathleen E. Billah, Kaafee Finelli, Lyn Fiore, Anthony E. Hoerger, Thomas J. Bell, Beth P. Armstrong, Gregory L. TI Cost-effectiveness of routine childhood vaccination for hepatitis A in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE cost-effectiveness; hepatitis A; vaccination; public policy; economics; ACIP ID IMMUNIZATION; ADULTS; ADOLESCENTS; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; STRATEGIES; IMPACT; HIV; ERA AB OBJECTIVES. Economic analysis is an important component in formulating national policy. We evaluated the economic impact of hepatitis A vaccination of all US children ages 12 to 23 months as compared with no vaccination and with current implementation of the preexisting (issued in 1999), regional policy. METHODS. We developed a Markov model of hepatitis A that followed a single cohort from birth in 2005 through death or age 95 years. From the societal perspective, the model compared the outcomes that resulted from routine vaccination at age 1 year to 2 scenarios: no hepatitis A vaccination and hepatitis A vaccination at levels observed in 2003 under the preexisting policy. We evaluated the economic impact of vaccination nationwide, in areas where vaccination was already recommended, and in areas where no previous recommendation existed. RESULTS. Without childhood vaccination, the similar to 4 million children in the 2005 birth cohort would be expected over their lifetimes to have 199 000 hepatitis A virus infections, including 74 000 cases of acute hepatitis A and 82 deaths, resulting in $134 million in hepatitis A-related medical costs and productivity losses. Compared with no vaccination, routine vaccination at age 1 year would prevent 172 000 infections, at a cost of $28 000 per quality-adjusted life year saved. Compared with maintaining the levels of hepatitis A vaccination under the preexisting regional policy, routine vaccination at age 1 year would prevent an additional 112 000 infections, at a cost of $45 000 per quality-adjusted life year saved. CONCLUSIONS. The cost-effectiveness of nationwide hepatitis A vaccination compared with no vaccination, and the incremental cost-effectiveness of this recommendation compared with preexisting recommendations, is similar to that of other accepted public health interventions. In October 2005, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended extending hepatitis A immunization to all US children ages 12 to 23 months. C1 RTII Int, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rein, DB (reprint author), RTII Int, 2951 Flowers Rd,Suite 119, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. EM drein@rti.org NR 43 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP E12 EP E21 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1573 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 121YB UT WOS:000243191800003 PM 17200237 ER PT J AU Payne, DC Franzke, LH Stehr-Green, PA Schwartz, B McNeil, MM AF Payne, Daniel C. Franzke, Laura H. Stehr-Green, Paul A. Schwartz, Benjamin McNeil, Michael M. TI Development of the Vaccine Analytic Unit's research agenda for investigating potential adverse events associated with anthrax vaccine adsorbed SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA); vaccine adverse events; vaccine research agenda; vaccine research prioritization; vaccine post-marketing surveillance; Vaccine Analytic Unit ID REPORTING SYSTEM VAERS; SAFETY; PERSONNEL; PREGNANCY AB Purpose In 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the Vaccine Analytic Unit (VAU) in collaboration with the Department of Defense (DoD). The focus of this report is to describe the process by which the VAU's anthrax vaccine safety research plan was developed following a comprehensive review of these topics. Methods Public health literature, surveillance data, and clinical sources were reviewed to create a list of adverse events hypothesized to be potentially related to anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA). From this list, a consensus process was used to select I I important research topics. Adverse event background papers were written for each of these topics, addressing predetermined criteria. These were independently reviewed and ranked by a National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) workgroup. The adverse events included in the final priority list will be the subject of observational or other post marketing surveillance studies using the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) database. Results A review of various information sources identified over 100 potential adverse events. The review process recommended 11 topics as potentially warranting further study. The NVAC workgroup identified the following adverse event topics for study: arthritis, optic neuritis, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Two additional topics (systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple, near-concurrent military vaccinations) were added in response to emerging public health and military concerns. Conclusions The experience described, while specific for establishing the VAU's research agenda for the safety of the current anthrax vaccine, may be useful and adapted for research planning in other areas of public health research. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Payne, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DVP6@CDC.GOV NR 23 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 46 EP 54 DI 10.1002/pds.1213 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 128ZV UT WOS:000243699100007 PM 16444796 ER PT J AU Roberts, A Deming, D Paddock, CD Cheng, A Yount, B Vogel, L Herman, BD Sheahan, T Heise, M Genrich, GL Zaki, SR Baric, R Subbarao, K AF Roberts, Anjeanette Deming, Damon Paddock, Christopher D. Cheng, Aaron Yount, Boyd Vogel, Leatrice Herman, Brian D. Sheahan, Tim Heise, Mark Genrich, Gillian L. Zaki, Sherif R. Baric, Ralph Subbarao, Kanta TI A mouse-adapted SARS-coronavirus causes disease and mortality in BALB/c mice SO PLOS PATHOGENS LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; INFLUENZA-VIRUS VARIANT; AMINO-ACID CHANGE; MATRIX PROTEIN; ANIMAL-MODEL; REPLICATION; VIRULENCE; PATHOGENESIS; SEVERITY; MANIFESTATIONS AB No single animal model for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) reproduces all aspects of the human disease. Young inbred mice support SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) replication in the respiratory tract and are available in sufficient numbers for statistical evaluation. They are relatively inexpensive and easily accessible, but their use in SARS research is limited because they do not develop illness following infection. Older (12- to 14-mo-old) BALB/c mice develop clinical illness and pneumonitis, but they can be hard to procure, and immune senescence complicates pathogenesis studies. We adapted the SARS-CoV (Urbani strain) by serial passage in the respiratory tract of young BALB/c mice. Fifteen passages resulted in a virus (MA15) that is lethal for mice following intranasal inoculation. Lethality is preceded by rapid and high titer viral replication in lungs, viremia, and dissemination of virus to extrapulmonary sites accompanied by lymphopenia, neutrophilia, and pathological changes in the lungs. Abundant viral antigen is extensively distributed in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar pneumocytes, and necrotic cellular debris is present in airways and alveoli, with only mild and focal pneumonitis. These observations suggest that mice infected with MA15 die from an overwhelming viral infection with extensive, virally mediated destruction of pneumocytes and ciliated epithelial cells. The MA15 virus has six coding mutations associated with adaptation and increased virulence; when introduced into a recombinant SARS-CoV, these mutations result in a highly virulent and lethal virus (rMA15), duplicating the phenotype of the biologically derived MA15 virus. Intranasal inoculation with MA15 reproduces many aspects of disease seen in severe human cases of SARS. The availability of the MA15 virus will enhance the use of the mouse model for SARS because infection with MA15 causes morbidity, mortality, and pulmonary pathology. This virus will be of value as a stringent challenge in evaluation of the efficacy of vaccines and antivirals. C1 NIAID, Lab Infect Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Vaccine Inst, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Genet, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Infect Dis, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ksubbarao@niaid.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS; NIAID NIH HHS [AI059443, R01 AI059136, AI059136, P01 AI059443] NR 37 TC 146 Z9 148 U1 0 U2 7 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1553-7366 J9 PLOS PATHOG JI PLoS Pathog. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 BP 23 EP 37 AR e5 DI 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030005 PG 15 WC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology SC Microbiology; Parasitology; Virology GA 196OS UT WOS:000248492500003 PM 17222058 ER PT J AU Violanti, JM Andrew, M Burchfiel, CM Hartley, TA Charles, LE Miller, DB AF Violanti, John M. Andrew, Michael Burchfiel, Cecil M. Hartley, Tara A. Charles, Luenda E. Miller, Diane B. TI Post-traumatic stress symptoms and cortisol patterns among police officers SO POLICING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICE STRATEGIES & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE post-traumatic stress disorders; police; occupational health and safety; United States of America ID EVENT SCALE; TERRORIST ATTACKS; ALLOSTATIC LOAD; PTSD SYMPTOMS; DISORDER; IMPACT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; MEDIATORS; RELEVANCE AB Purpose - The purpose of the present study is to examine associations between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and salivary cortisol parameters. Design/methodology/approach - PTSD symptoms and cortisol responses were measured in a random sample of 100 police officers. The impact of event scale (IES) categorized into subclinical, mild, moderate and severe levels was employed to measure PTSD symptoms. Cortisol was analyzed from saliva samples over a period of three days and included an awakening response, high protein lunch challenge, whole day (diurnal), and a dexamethasone suppression test (DST). Findings - Officers in moderate and severe PTSD symptom categories had higher mean awakening cortisol values. A significant sample-time by PTSD interaction (p = 0.008) was found for awakening cortisol responses. Officers in the severe PTSD symptom category showed a blunted response to the cortisol protein meal challenge compared to those in lower PTSD categories. Diurnal cortisol levels suggested an increasing trend across subclinical to severe PTSD categories respectively (p = 0.15 test for trend). DST ratios were lower in moderate and severe PTSD symptom categories (6.86 and 8.03 respectively) than in the subclinical and mild categories (9.32 and 10.43 respectively). Research limitations/implications - The sample was not representative of all police in the USA. These results suggest that associations between psychological trauma symptoms and dysregulation of cortisol patterns may exist and could possibly affect future health outcomes in police officers. Practical implications - Exposure to trauma and disaster events emphasizes the need to further investigate the health impact of PTSD on police personnel as well as other first responder groups. Originality/value - This article will not only be of interest to those in the police service but to the general public. The present study may serve to provide a guide for larger police population investigations on PTSD and physiological impact. C1 SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Violanti, JM (reprint author), SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM violanti@buffalo.edu RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 NR 52 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 13 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1363-951X J9 POLICING JI Policing-An Int J Police Strategies & Manag. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 189 EP 202 DI 10.1108/13639510710753207 PG 14 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA 187KD UT WOS:000247845500004 ER PT J AU Charles, LE Burchfiel, CM Fekedulegn, D Andrew, ME Violanti, JM Vila, B AF Charles, Luenda E. Burchfiel, Cecil M. Fekedulegn, Desta Andrew, Michael E. Violanti, John M. Vila, Bryan TI Obesity and sleep: the Buffalo Police health study SO POLICING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICE STRATEGIES & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE obesity; police; personal health; United States of America ID BODY-MASS INDEX; RISK-FACTOR; ELEVATED GHRELIN; APNEA; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; DURATION; DEPRESSION; MEN; PREDICTION AB Purpose - Thus study aims to look at the prevalence of obesity and its association with sleep problems among police officers. Design/methodology/value - The authors conducted a cross-sectional study of the relationship between obesity and sleep disorders among 110 randomly selected police officers from the Buffalo, New York, Police Department in 1999. Participants, who ranged in age from 26 to 61 years (mean +/- SD = 39.5 +/- 7.5), responded to sleep related questions and had anthropometric measurements taken. Findings - Results show that several measures of obesity were significantly associated with sleep-disordered breathing in police officers, but not with other sleep problems. Originality/value - A major strength of the study was that it was conducted in a cooperative and motivated study population. It was possible to assess a wide range of anthropometric measurements, including many that are important but are rarely used to measure obesity in epidemiologic studies such as abdominal height, neck circumference, and neck-to-height ratio. In addition, the assessment of the anthropometric indices was performed by trained clinic staff using standardized procedures. C1 NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Spokane, WA USA. RP Charles, LE (reprint author), NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM lcharles@cdc.gov RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1363-951X J9 POLICING JI Policing-An Int J Police Strategies & Manag. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 203 EP 214 DI 10.1108/13639510710753216 PG 12 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA 187KD UT WOS:000247845500005 ER PT J AU Charles, LE Burchfiel, CM Fekedulegn, D Vila, B Hartley, TA Slaven, J Mnatsakanova, A Violanti, JM AF Charles, Luenda E. Burchfiel, Cecil M. Fekedulegn, Desta Vila, Bryan Hartley, Tara A. Slaven, James Mnatsakanova, Anna Violanti, John M. TI Shift work and sleep: the Buffalo Police health study SO POLICING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLICE STRATEGIES & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE shift work; police; stress; United States of America ID DAYTIME SLEEPINESS; RISK-FACTOR; NIGHT-SHIFT; APNEA; PERFORMANCE; MELATONIN; RHYTHMS; HYPERTENSION; DEPRIVATION; PREVALENCE AB Purpose - Working on the night shift is a potential source of occupational stress and has been associated with sleep disorders. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the association between shift work and sleep problems among police officers from Buffalo, New York. Design/methodology/approach - Randomly selected officers (n = 111) responded to questions on sleep quality and quantity. Shift work data were obtained from daily payroll records from 1994 to the exam date (1999-2000). Prevalence ratios (PR) were obtained using Poisson regression models that examined associations of shift work with sleep quality and quantity. Findings - Among police officers, night shift work was significantly and independently associated with snoring and decreased sleep duration. Originality/value - Although the sleep questions were similar to those used in validated sleep questionnaires, a major strength of this study was the availability of daily work history data on all officers for up to five years prior to the current examination. C1 NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, Spokane, WA USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Profess, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Charles, LE (reprint author), NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. EM lcharles@cdc.gov RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 NR 51 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BRADFORD PA 60/62 TOLLER LANE, BRADFORD BD8 9BY, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1363-951X J9 POLICING JI Policing-An Int J Police Strategies & Manag. PY 2007 VL 30 IS 2 BP 215 EP 227 DI 10.1108/136939510710753225 PG 13 WC Criminology & Penology SC Criminology & Penology GA 187KD UT WOS:000247845500006 ER PT J AU Rao, JR Nelson, DWA Xiao, L Matsuda, M Sekizuka, T Lowery, CJ Dooley, JSG Millar, BC Rooney, PJ Moore, JE AF Rao, J. R. Nelson, D. W. A. Xiao, L. Matsuda, M. Sekizuka, T. Lowery, C. J. Dooley, J. S. G. Millar, B. C. Rooney, P. J. Moore, J. E. TI Prevalence of unusual viral RNA, enteropathogens, Cryptosporidia in poultry litter, pig wastes and waterways of Ireland and their impact on environmental health SO POULTRY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract DE unusual viral RNA; enteropathogens; avian influenza C1 [Rao, J. R.] Agri Food & Biosci Inst, Environm & Publ Hlth Microbiol Unit, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Rao, J. R.; Nelson, D. W. A.] Queens Univ Belfast, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Xiao, L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Matsuda, M.; Sekizuka, T.] Asabi Univ, Sch Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Biol, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. [Millar, B. C.; Rooney, P. J.; Moore, J. E.] Belfast City Hosp, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Dept Bacteriol, Belfast, Antrim, North Ireland. [Lowery, C. J.; Dooley, J. S. G.] Univ Ulster, Sch Life & Hlth Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU POULTRY SCIENCE ASSOC INC PI SAVOY PA 1111 N DUNLAP AVE, SAVOY, IL 61874-9604 USA SN 0032-5791 J9 POULTRY SCI JI Poult. Sci. PY 2007 VL 86 SU 1 BP 269 EP 269 PG 1 WC Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science SC Agriculture GA 213UM UT WOS:000249692600837 ER PT J AU Lerner, EB O'Connor, RE Schwartz, R Brinsfield, K Ashkenazi, I Degutis, LC Dionne, JP Hines, S Hunter, S O'Reilly, G Sattin, RW AF Lerner, E. Brooke O'Connor, Robert E. Schwartz, Richard Brinsfield, Kathryn Ashkenazi, Isaac Degutis, Linda C. Dionne, Jean-Philippe Hines, Stephen Hunter, Simon O'Reilly, Gerard Sattin, Richard W. TI Blast-related injuries from terrorism: An international perspective SO PREHOSPITAL EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Article DE terrorism; disaster preparedness; blast; trauma and injury; emergency medical services; international medicine ID MEDICAL RESPONSE; BALI AB Terrorism using conventional weapons and explosive devices is a likely scenario and occurs almost daily somewhere in the world. Caring for those injured from explosive devices is a major concern for acute injury care providers. Learning from nations that have experienced conventional weapon attacks on their civilian population is critical to improving preparedness worldwide. In September 2005, a multidisciplinary meeting of blast-related injury experts was convened including representatives from eight countries with experience responding to terrorist bombings ( Australia, Colombia, Iraq, Israel, United Kingdom, Spain, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey). This article describes these experiences and provides a summary of common findings that can be used by others in preparing for and responding to civilian casualties resulting from the detonation of explosive devices. C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Newark, DE USA. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Israel Def Forces, Beer Sheva, Israel. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. Med Eng Syst Inc, Ottawa, ON, Canada. London Ambulance Serv NHS Trust, London, England. Queen Alexandra Hosp, Portsmouth, Hants, England. Alfred Emergency & Trauma Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lerner, EB (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Emergency Med, 9200 W Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM EBLerner@mcw.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1090-3127 J9 PREHOSP EMERG CARE JI Prehosp. Emerg. Care PY 2007 VL 11 IS 2 BP 137 EP 153 DI 10.1080/10903120701204714 PG 17 WC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Emergency Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 156CW UT WOS:000245626700001 PM 17454800 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Mensah, GA AF Brown, David W. Mensah, George A. TI Smoking among adults with coronary heart disease SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CESSATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dbrown6@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 44 IS 1 BP 85 EP 86 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.08.010 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 134PE UT WOS:000244094500017 PM 17023039 ER PT S AU Tohill, BC AF Tohill, B. Carlton BE Desjardins, Y TI Fruits and vegetables consumption and body weight management SO Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Human Health Effects of Fruits and Vegetables SE ACTA HORTICULTURAE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Symposium on Human Health Effects of Fruits and Vegetables CY AUG 17-20, 2005 CL Quebec City, CANADA SP Int Soc Hort Sci, INAF, Sante Canada, DPSN, UN FAO, Soc Canadienne Diabet, Minist Agr & Pecheries Quebec, Agr & Agroalimentaire Canada, Les Bleuets, Assoc Prod Canneberge Quebec, Reseau Quebecois Rech Phytoprotect, Fondat Lucie & Andre Chagnon, Bur Aliments & Sante, Art Garden, Les Bleuets Sauvages Quebec, Gest Sovar, Assoc Quebecoise Distribut Fruits & Legumes, RBC Financial Grp, Ocean Spray DE energy density; energy intake; obesity; weight management; fruit; vegetables ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; DIETARY FIBER; FAT INTAKE; RISK; INTERVENTION; OBESITY; WOMEN; INSULIN; DISEASE; SATIETY AB Background: Given the recent surge in obesity, effective dietary strategies for weight management are required. Because fruits and vegetables are high in water and fiber, incorporating them in the diet can reduce its energy density, promote satiety, and decrease energy intake. Methods: Peer-reviewed journal articles published between January 1966 and July 2003 that included an investigation of fruit and vegetable intake and body weight and that reported a test for significance, are included. Results: Both of the intervention studies that provided a diet high in fruit and vegetables resulted in weight loss among men and women. Among the studies that gave dietary advice to increase fruit and vegetables with no weight loss component, four reported no weight loss and one study reported weight gain, but when this same advice was given along with the advice to decrease fat intake there were six studies that reported weight loss and only one with no significant weight loss. There were 4 studies that advised participants to increase fruits and vegetables as a weight loss strategy and all of those reported significant weight loss. Few epidemiological studies have been designed to specifically address this issue and those that have vary in methodology with inconsistent results. Conclusion: Although few interventions as well as epidemiological studies have specifically addressed fruit and vegetable consumption, the evidence suggests that coupling advice to increase intake of these foods with advice to decrease energy intake is a particularly effective strategy for weight management. This approach may facilitate weight loss because it emphasizes positive messages promoting the consumption of water- and fiber-rich foods rather than negative, restrictive messages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tohill, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI LEUVEN 1 PA PO BOX 500, 3001 LEUVEN 1, BELGIUM SN 0567-7572 BN 978-90-6605-388-5 J9 ACTA HORTIC PY 2007 IS 744 BP 39 EP 46 PG 8 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA BGR91 UT WOS:000250198300002 ER PT B AU Zhu, J Mutter, J Kowalski, P Kaplan, B Moore, S Werner, L Markiewicz, K AF Zhu, Jane Mutter, Jamie Kowalski, Peter Kaplan, Brian Moore, Susan Werner, Lora Markiewicz, Karl BE Chen, H Hong, Q Ding, JY Wang, XY TI Evaluating the vapor intrusion to indoor air exposure pathway public health consultations for the Chillum Perchlorethylene site, Chillum, Maryland SO Proceedings of the 4th International Academic Conference on Environmental and Occupational Medicine LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Academic Conference on Environmental and Occupational Medicine CY OCT 16-19, 2006 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Journal Environm & Occupat Med, Editorial Off, Shanghai Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EHIB, Dept Hlth Serv, Kunming Med Coll, Sch Public Hlth, Shanghai Prevent Med Assoc, Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, Environm Hlth Perspect, Shanghai Inst Prevent Med, WHO Collaborating Ctr Occupat Hlth, Fudan Univ, Sch Public Hlth, Shanghai Environm Mutagen Soc DE indoor air; vapor intrusion; exposure pathway; PCE; benzene; MTBE ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PRODUCTS AB [Objectives] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) reviewed indoor air and active soil vapor sampling data collected for the Chillum site to evaluate public health implications associated with inhalation exposure. [Methods] The first component of the evaluation involved a screening process that identified vapor intrusion as the potential exposure pathway and the contaminants of concern (COC). The second component of the evaluation employed a weight-of-evidence approach that integrated estimates of likely exposure with information about the toxicology and epidemiology of the COC. [Results] The contamination at this site consists of a mixed gasoline and perchloroethylene (PCE) groundwater plume. The primary route of human exposure was inhalation of potentially contaminated indoor air through vapor intrusion. Over 250 active soil vapor samples and 50 indoor air samples were collected and analyzed for selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs). COG include PCE, benzene, and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE),,and other VOCs. PCE soil vapor concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 4,600 mu g/m(3) and indoor air concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 41.4 mu g/m(3). Benzene soil vapor concentrations ranged from non-detect to 160 mu g/m(3) and indoor air concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 13.2 mu g/m(3). MTBE soil vapor concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 3,788 mu g/m(3) and indoor air concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 25.2 mu g/m(3). The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient indicated no direct relationship between PCE soil vapor and indoor air concentrations. However, not enough data are available to test the correlations between indoor air concentrations and soil-vapor concentrations of benzene and MTBE. [Conclusion] All indoor air VOC concentrations detected at the site are at levels unlikely to cause adverse, noncancer health effects for acute, intermediate, and chronic exposures. There is no direct relationship between soil vapor and indoor air concentrations. The limited available data indicated soil vapor intrusion is either not occurring, or occurring at a de minimus rate that poses no adverse health effect in the community. ATSDR categorizes this site as posing no apparent public health hazard. This means human exposure to contaminated indoor air could be occurring, could have occurred in the past, or could occur in the future, but such exposure is not expected to cause any adverse health effects. C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Exposure Assessment & Consultat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zhu, J (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Exposure Assessment & Consultat, 1600 Cliffton Rd NE,MS E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOURNAL ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATION MEDICINE-JEOM PI SHANGHAI PA 1380 ZHONGSHAN ROAD W, SHANGHAI, 200336, PEOPLES R CHINA PY 2007 BP 19 EP 24 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA BGV71 UT WOS:000250819100013 ER PT J AU Buffington, J Jones, TS AF Buffington, Joanna Jones, T. Stephen TI Integrating viral hepatitis prevention into public health programs serving people at high risk for infection: Good public health SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; C VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; HIV; EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINATION; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Buffington, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jyb4@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 2 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 158TY UT WOS:000245819000001 PM 17542445 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS McKenna, MT Janssen, RS AF Sullivan, Patrick S. McKenna, Matthew T. Janssen, Robert S. TI Progress toward implementation of integrated systems for surveillance of HIV infection and morbidity in the United States SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID NATIONAL PROBABILITY SAMPLES; LOW-PREVALENCE DISEASES; SERVICES UTILIZATION; COST C1 CDC, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), CDC, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pss0@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 1 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134HJ UT WOS:000244073800001 PM 17354520 ER PT J AU Fairchild, AL Gable, L Gostin, LO Bayer, R Sweeney, P Janssen, RS AF Fairchild, Amy L. Gable, Lance Gostin, Lawrence O. Bayer, Ronald Sweeney, Patricia Janssen, Robert S. TI Public goods, private data: HIV and the history, ethics, and uses of identifiable public health information SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material ID SURVEILLANCE; HIV/AIDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, Ctr Hist & Eth Publ Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Law, Detroit, MI USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law, Washington, DC USA. RP Sweeney, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pas3@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 1 BP 7 EP 15 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134HJ UT WOS:000244073800003 PM 17354522 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Sullivan, PS Gallagher, KM Fleming, PL AF Lansky, Amy Sullivan, Patrick S. Gallagher, Kathleen M. Fleming, Patricia L. TI HIV behavioral surveillance in the US: A conceptual framework SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; LOS-ANGELES-COUNTY; UNITED-STATES; HIDDEN POPULATIONS; RISK BEHAVIORS; COITAL ACT; YOUNG MEN; AIDS; SEX; PREVENTION AB This article describes a conceptual framework for HIV behavioral surveillance in the United States. The framework includes types of behaviors to monitor, such as risk behaviors, HIV testing behaviors, adherence to HIV treatment, and care-seeking for HIV/AIDS. The framework also describes the population groups in which specific behaviors should be monitored. Because the framework is multifaceted in terms of behaviors and populations, behavioral data from multiple surveillance systems are integrated to achieve HIV behavioral surveillance program objectives. Defining surveillance activities more broadly to include behavioral surveillance in multiple populations will provide more comprehensive data for prevention planning, and lead to a more effective response to HlV/AIDS in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alansky@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 46 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 7 U2 8 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 1 BP 16 EP 23 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134HJ UT WOS:000244073800004 PM 17354523 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Drake, A DiNenno, E Lee, CW AF Lansky, Amy Drake, Amy DiNenno, Elizabeth Lee, Chung-Won TI HIV behavioral surveillance among the US general population SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; DRUG-USERS; RISK; ADULTS AB HIV behavioral surveillance in the United States is conducted among three groups: infected populations, high-risk populations, and the general population. We describe the general population component of the overall U.S. HIV behavioral surveillance program and identify priority analyses. This component comprises several data systems (ongoing, systematic, population-based surveys) through which data on risk behaviors and HIV testing are collected, analyzed, and disseminated. Multiple data systems are needed to balance differences in scope and purpose, as well as strengths and weaknesses of the sampling frames, mode of administration, and frequency of data collection. In a concentrated epidemic, such as in the United States, general population data play a small but important role in monitoring the potential spread of infection more broadly, particularly given increases in HIV transmission through heterosexual contact. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alansky@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 8 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 1 BP 24 EP 31 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134HJ UT WOS:000244073800005 PM 17354524 ER PT J AU Gallagher, KM Sullivan, PS Lansky, A Onorato, IM AF Gallagher, Kathleen M. Sullivan, Patrick S. Lansky, Amy Onorato, Ida M. TI Behavioral surveillance among people at risk for HIV infection in the US: The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; YOUNG MEN; SEX; POPULATIONS; TRENDS AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in collaboration with 25 state and local health departments, began the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) in 2003. The system focuses on people at risk for HIV infection and surveys the three populations at highest risk for HIV in the United States: men who have sex with men, injecting drug users, and high-risk heterosexuals. The project collects information from these three populations during rotating 12-month cycles. Methods for recruiting participants vary for each at-risk population, but NHBS uses a standardized protocol and core questionnaire for each cycle. Participating health departments tailor their questionnaire to collect information about specific prevention programs offered in their geographic area and to address local data needs. Data collected from NHBS will be used to describe trends in key behavioral risk indicators and evaluate current HIV prevention programs. This information in turn can be used to identify gaps in prevention services and target new prevention activities with the goal of reducing new HIV infections in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gallagher, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kxg7@cdc.gov OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 21 TC 150 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 1 BP 32 EP 38 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134HJ UT WOS:000244073800006 PM 17354525 ER PT J AU Mark, KE Murray, PJ Callahan, DB Gunn, RA AF Mark, Karen E. Murray, Paula J. Callahan, David B. Gunn, Robert A. TI Medical care and alcohol use after testing hepatitis C antibody positive at STD clinic and HIV test site screening programs SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; SERVICES AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend screening individuals at risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, few published data describe outcomes of individuals with antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) identified through screening programs. The purpose of this study was to assess rates of medical evaluation and HCV treatment, change in alcohol consumption, and barriers to medical care after testing anti-HCV positive through a public screening program. Anti-HCV positive individuals identified through San Diego sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and an HIV test site screening program were informed of positive test results, provided education and referral, and contacted by telephone three, six, and >= 12 months later. From September 1, 1999, to December 31, 2001, 411 anti-HCV positive individuals were newly identified, of whom 286 (70%) could be contacted >= three months after receipt of test results (median length [range] of follow-up 14 [3-35] months). Of these 286, 156 (55%) reported having received a medical evaluation, of whom 19 (12%) began HCV treatment. Of 132 who reported drinking alcohol before diagnosis, 100 (76%) reported drinking less after diagnosis. Individuals with medical insurance at diagnosis were more likely than those without insurance to obtain a medical evaluation during follow-up (75 [68%] of 111 vs. 70 [45%] of 155; p < 0.001). Among those who did not obtain an evaluation, the most commonly reported reason was lack of insurance. Only about half of newly identified anti-HCV positive individuals received a medical evaluation, although 76% reported drinking less alcohol. Identifying ways to improve medical access for those who are anti-HCV positive could improve the effectiveness of screening programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Publ Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mark, KE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, HIV Vaccine Trials Unit, 901 Boren Ave,Suite 1320, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM kmark@u.washington.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU919053-01] NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 122 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 133JU UT WOS:000244010000005 PM 17236606 ER PT J AU MacKellar, DA Gallagher, KM Finlayson, T Sanchez, T Lansky, A Sullivan, PS AF MacKellar, Duncan A. Gallagher, Kathleen M. Finlayson, Teresa Sanchez, Travis Lansky, Amy Sullivan, Patrick S. TI Surveillance of HIV risk and prevention behaviors of men who have sex with men - A national application of venue-based, time-space sampling SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; SAN-FRANCISCO; YOUNG MEN; UNITED-STATES; GAY MEN; INFECTION; HEALTH; SEROINCIDENCE; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE AB In collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, participating state and local health departments, universities, and community-based organizations applied venue-based, time-space sampling methods for the first wave of National HIV Behavioral Surveillance of men who have sex with men (NHBS-MSM). Conducted in 17 metropolitan areas in the United States and Puerto Rico from November 2003 through April 2005, NHBS-MSM methods included: (1) formative research to learn the venues, times, and methods to recruit MSM; (2) monthly sampling frames of eligible venues and day-time periods that met attendance, logistical, and safety criteria; and (3) recruitment of participants in accordance with randomly generated venue calendars. Participants were interviewed on HIV risk and prevention behaviors, referred to care when needed, and compensated for their time. By identifying the prevalence and trends of HIV risk and prevention behaviors, NHBS-MSM data may be used at local, state, and federal levels to help obtain, direct, and evaluate HIV prevention resources for MSM. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP MacKellar, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dym4@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 39 TC 163 Z9 165 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 1 BP 39 EP 47 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134HJ UT WOS:000244073800007 PM 17354526 ER PT J AU Harris, JL Jones, TS Buffington, J AF Harris, Jennie L. Jones, T. Stephen Buffington, Joanna TI Hepatitis B vaccination in six STD clinics in the United States committed to integrating viral hepatitis prevention services SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; COVERAGE; MEN; SEX AB Objectives. Hepatitis B vaccination is recommended for clients of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. The Healthy People 2010 goal is for 90% of STD clinics to offer hepatitis B vaccine to all unprotected clients. This report describes hepatitis B vaccination trends in six STD clinics in the United States and discusses implications for policy and practice. Methods. We conducted a retrospective study in six STD clinics to evaluate hepatitis B vaccination. We collected data on client visits and hepatitis B vaccinations for the period 1997-2005. To compare clinics, we calculated vaccination rates per 100 client visits. We interviewed staff to explore factors associated with hepatitis B vaccination trends. Results. STD clinic client visits ranged from 2,883 to 23,109 per year The median rate of hepatitis B vaccination was 28 per 100 client visits. Vaccination rates declined in all six clinics in later years, which was associated with eligibility restrictions caused by fiscal problems and increasing levels of prior vaccination. The median rate of vaccine series completion was 30%. Staff cited multiple provider- and client-level barriers to series completion. Conclusions. This study shows that STD clinics can implement hepatitis B vaccination and reach large numbers of high-risk adults. Adequate funding and vaccine supply are needed to implement current federal recommendations to offer hepatitis B vaccine to adults seen in STD clinics and to achieve the Healthy People 2010 objective. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Harris, JL (reprint author), RTI Int, 3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM jlh@rti.org NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 2 BP 42 EP 47 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 158TY UT WOS:000245819000008 PM 17542452 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Abdul-Quader, AS Cribbin, M Hall, T Finlayson, TJ Garfein, RS Lin, LS Sullivan, PS AF Lansky, Amy Abdul-Quader, Abu S. Cribbin, Melissa Hall, Tricia Finlayson, Teresa J. Garfein, Richard S. Lin, Lillian S. Sullivan, Patrick S. TI Developing an HIV Behavioral Surveillance System for injecting drug users: The National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN POPULATIONS AB While disease surveillance for HlV/AIDS is now widely conducted in the United States, effective HIV prevention programs rely primarily on changing behavior; therefore, behavioral data are needed to inform these programs. To achieve the goal of reducing HIV infections in the U.S., the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in cooperation with state and local health departments, implemented the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance System (NHBS) for injecting drug users (IDUs) in 25 selected metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) throughout the United States in 2005. The surveillance system used respondent-cl riven sampling (RDS), a modified chain-referral method, to recruit IDUs for a survey measuring HIV-associated drug use and sexual risk behavior. RDS can produce population estimates for specific risk behaviors and demographic characteristics. Formative assessment activities-primarily the collection of qualitative data-provided information to better understand the IDU population and implement the surveillance activities in each city. This is the first behavioral surveillance system of its kind in the U.S. that will provide local and national data on risk for HIV and other blood-borne and sexually transmitted infections among IDUs for monitoring changes in the epidemic and prevention programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alansky@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 29 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 1 BP 48 EP 55 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134HJ UT WOS:000244073800008 PM 17354527 ER PT J AU Rodewald, LE Tan, LLJ AF Rodewald, Lance E. Tan, Litjen L. J. TI Balancing the childhood immunization program with the urgent needs for adult hepatitis B immunization SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID VACCINES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. RP Rodewald, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Immunizat Serv Div, MS E-52,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LRodewald@cdc.gov OI Tan, Litjen/0000-0001-9054-6696 NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M ST NW, STE 710, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 2 BP 52 EP 54 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 158TY UT WOS:000245819000010 PM 17542454 ER PT J AU Honeycutt, AA Harris, JL Khavjou, O Buffington, J Jones, TS Rein, DB AF Honeycutt, Amanda A. Harris, Jennie L. Khavjou, Olga Buffington, Joanna Jones, T. Stephen Rein, David B. TI The costs and impacts of testing for hepatitis C virus antibody in public STD clinics SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB Objectives. To estimate the cost and cost-effectiveness of testing sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic subgroups for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods. HCV counseling, testing, and referral (CTR) costs were estimated using data from two STD clinics and the literature, and are reported in 2006 dollars. Effectiveness of HCV CTR was defined as the estimated percentage of clinic clients in subgroups targeted for HCV antibody (anti-HCV) testing who had a true positive test and returned for their test results. We estimated the cost per true positive injection drug user (IDU) who returned for anti-HCV test results and the cost-effectiveness of expanding HCV CTR to non-IDU subgroups. Results. The estimated cost per true positive IDU who returned for test results was $54. The cost-effectiveness of expanding HCV CTR to non-IDU subgroups ranged from $179 to $2,986. Our estimates were most sensitive to variations in HCV prevalence, the cost of testing, and the rate of client return. Conclusions. Based on national data, testing IDUs in the STD clinic setting is highly cost-effective. Some clinics may find that it is cost-effective to expand testing to non-IDU men older than 40 who report more than 100 lifetime sex partners. STD clinics can use study estimates to assess the feasibility and desirability of expanding HCV CTR beyond IDUs. C1 RTI Int, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Honeycutt, AA (reprint author), RTI Int, 2951 Flowers Rd S,Ste 119, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM honeycutt@rti.org NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 2 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 158TY UT WOS:000245819000011 PM 17542455 ER PT J AU Gallagher, KM Denning, PD Allen, DR Nakashima, AK Sullivan, PS AF Gallagher, Kathleen M. Denning, Paul D. Allen, Denise R. Nakashima, Allyn K. Sullivan, Patrick S. TI Use of rapid behavioral assessments to determine the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors in high-risk populations SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIC AB Rapid HIV Behavioral Assessment (RHBA) is a method for collecting muchneeded information about sexual, drug-use, and HIV testing behaviors from people at high risk for HIV infection in areas with low-to-moderate HIV prevalence. During 2004, RHBAs were conducted in seven small to moderate-sized cities in the United States during Gay Pride events. Anonymous 10-minute interviews were administered to eligible attendees using handheld computers. Depending on the city, between 47% and 97% of individuals approached agreed to hear more about the survey. Enrollment rates exceeded 90% in every location. RHBAs conducted during 2004 were well received by the gay and public health communities. They were simple to organize and administer, flexible, and cost-efficient, suggesting that this approach holds promise for expansion to additional high-risk groups and geographic locations. RHBAs can provide state and local health departments with demographic and behavioral data that can be used to design, target, and evaluate local HIV prevention programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gallagher, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kxg7@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 1 BP 56 EP 62 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134HJ UT WOS:000244073800009 PM 17354528 ER PT J AU Freeman, SB Allen, EG Oxford-Wright, CL Tinker, SW Druschel, C Hobbs, CA O'Leary, LA Romitti, PA Royle, MH Torfs, CP Sherman, SL AF Freeman, Sallie B. Allen, Emily G. Oxford-Wright, Cindy L. Tinker, Stuart W. Druschel, Charlotte Hobbs, Charlotte A. O'Leary, Leslie A. Romitti, Paul A. Royle, Marjorie H. Torfs, Claudine P. Sherman, Stephanie L. TI The National Down Syndrome Project: Design and implementation SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BIRTH-DEFECTS SURVEILLANCE; TRISOMY-21; RISK; PREVENTION; PROGRAM; ORIGIN AB The National Down Syndrome Project (NDSP), based at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, represents a multi-site, population-based, case-control study with two major aims: (1) to identify molecular and epidemiological factors contributing to chromosome nondisjunction and the consequent packaging of an extra chromosome into an egg or sperm, and (2) to identify risk factors for Down syndrome-associated birth defects. The six national sites represent approximately 11% of U.S. births. Cases were newborns with Down syndrome (trisomy 21), and controls were infants without major birth defects randomly selected from the same birth populations. Biological samples were collected from case infants and their parents, and genetic markers were typed to determine the parental origin of chromosome 21 nondisjunction. Each site interviewed parents of case and control infants addressing pregnancy, medical and family history, occupation, and exposures. Sites collected medical information on case infants. The NDSP enrolled 907 infants as cases and 977 infants as controls (participation rates: 60.7% for cases; 56.9% for controls). Participation rates varied widely by site as did important demographic factors such as maternal age, race, and education. Nondisjunction during oogenesis accounted for 93.2% of the cases. Errors in spermatogenesis were found in 4.1%, and 2.7% were post-zygotic errors. This exceptional compilation of questionnaire, clinical, and molecular data makes the NDSP a unique resource for ongoing studies of the etiology and phenotypic consequences of trisomy 21. The combined approach increases study power by defining subgroups of cases by the origin of nondisjunction. This report describes the design and successful implementation of the NDSP. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Troy, NY USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Special Child Hlth Registry, Trenton, NJ USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Birth Defects Studies, Emeryville, CA USA. RP Freeman, SB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Human Genet, 2165 N Decatur Rd, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. EM sfreeman@genetics.emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR00039]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD38979] NR 16 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 5 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 122 IS 1 BP 62 EP 72 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 133JU UT WOS:000244010000009 PM 17236610 ER PT J AU Buffington, J Murray, PJ Schlanger, K Shih, L Badsgard, T Hennessy, RR Wood, R Weisfuse, IB Gunn, RA AF Buffington, Joanna Murray, Paula J. Schlanger, Karen Shih, Linda Badsgard, Tracy Hennessy, Robin R. Wood, Robert Weisfuse, Isaac B. Gunn, Robert A. TI Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibody in men who have sex with men who do not inject drugs SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; CLINICS; COHORT AB Objective. It is well documented that injection drug users (IDUS) have a high prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV). Sexual transmission of HCV can occur, but studies have shown that men who have sex with men (MSM) without a history of injection drug use are not at increased risk for infection. Still, some health-care providers believe that all MSM should be routinely tested for HCV infection. To better understand the potential role of MSM in risk for HCV infection, we compared the prevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) in non-IDU MSM with that among other non-IDU men at sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing sites in three cities. Methods. During 1999-2003, public health STD clinics or HIV testing programs in Seattle, San Diego, and New York City offered counseling and testing for anti-HCV for varying periods to all clients. Sera were tested using enzyme immunoassays, and final results reported using either the signal-to-cutoff ratio or recombinant immunoblot assay results. Age, sex, and risk information were collected. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results. Anti-HCV prevalence among IDUs (men and women) was between 47% and 57% at each site, with an overall prevalence of 51% (451/887). Of 1,699 non-IDU MSM, 26 (1.5%) tested anti-HCV positive, compared with 126 (3.6%) of 3,455 other non-IDU men (prevalence ratio 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.28, 0.64). Conclusion. The low prevalence of anti-HCV among non-IDU MSM in urban public health clinics does not support routine HCV testing of all MSM. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Publ Hlth Serv Agcy, Hlth & Human Serv, HIV STD Hepatitis Branch, San Diego, CA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Dis Control, New York, NY USA. Publ Hlth Seattle, HIV AIDS Program, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Buffington, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jbuffington@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50CCU/219067] NR 23 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 2 BP 63 EP 67 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 158TY UT WOS:000245819000012 PM 17542456 ER PT J AU Glynn, MK Lee, LM McKenna, MT AF Glynn, M. Kathleen Lee, Lisa M. McKenna, Matthew T. TI The status of national HIV case surveillance, United States 2006 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; PREVALENCE; DISEASES; HISTORY; HEALTH; TIME; MEN AB Since the height of HIV incidence in the mid-1980s, advances in treatment have delayed progression of HIV infection. As a result, surveillance of AIDS cases alone is no longer sufficient to monitor the current status of the HIV epidemic. At the national level, new HIV diagnoses and progression of these cases to AIDS are used to describe the epidemic. The capacity to monitor the national HIV epidemic has consistently improved over the last several years. An increasing number of states report diagnosed HIV cases to the national surveillance system, allowing data from this system to better represent the national picture. Monitoring the national HIV epidemic depends on a nationwide system using standardized methods of data collection, and establishing such a comprehensive system remains one of the highest priorities for national HIV case surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glynn, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kglynn@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 1 BP 63 EP 71 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134HJ UT WOS:000244073800010 PM 17354529 ER PT J AU Lee, LM McKenna, MT AF Lee, Lisa M. McKenna, Matthew T. TI Monitoring the incidence of HIV infection in the United States SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INCIDENCE RATES AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention maintains a national surveillance system that provides data about the HIV/AIDS epidemic for program planning and resource allocation. Until recently, incidence of HIV infection (i.e., the number of individuals recently infected with HIV) has not been directly measured. New serologic testing methods make it possible to distinguish between recent and long-standing HIV-1 infection on a population level. This article describes the new National HIV Incidence Surveillance System. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Barnch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lee, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-50, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LMLee@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 1 BP 72 EP 79 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 134HJ UT WOS:000244073800011 PM 17354530 ER PT J AU Ward, JW Fenton, KA AF Ward, John W. Fenton, Kevin A. TI CDC and progress toward integration of HIV, STD, and viral hepatitis prevention SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ward, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jward@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PY 2007 VL 122 SU 2 BP 99 EP 101 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 158TY UT WOS:000245819000020 PM 17542464 ER PT J AU Blumberg, SJ Luke, JV AF Blumberg, Stephen J. Luke, Julian V. TI Coverage bias in traditional telephone surveys of low-income and young adults SO PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID US AB The proportion of adults with only wireless telephones is growing rapidly. Using 2006 data from the National Center for Health Statistics' National Health Interview Survey, this article is among the first to reveal that noncoverage of this population can result in nonnegligible bias for traditional random-digit-dial landline telephone surveys that do not call wireless telephone numbers. In 2006 in the United States, 17 percent of low-income adults with household income below 200 percent of the federal poverty thresholds, 25 percent of young adults aged 18-29 years, and 32 percent of low-income young adults lived in households with only wireless telephones. Within each of these three subgroups, we compared wireless-only adults and adults with landline telephones on demographic characteristics and 13 key indicators of health status, health behaviors, health care service use, and health care access. Even after statistical adjustments that account for demographic differences between adults living in households with and without landlines, telephone surveys of landlines will underestimate the prevalence of health behaviors, such as binge drinking, smoking, and HIV testing. Obesity may be overestimated and physical activity may be underestimated for low-income young adults. No significant bias is predicted for other measures of health status and health insurance coverage. Sample weighting procedures that incorporate adjustments for multiple demographic characteristics are necessary to help attenuate coverage bias in traditional telephone surveys, but may not be sufficient for behavioral risk factor surveys of low-income and young adults. C1 [Blumberg, Stephen J.; Luke, Julian V.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sblumberg@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-362X J9 PUBLIC OPIN QUART JI Public Opin. Q. PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 734 EP 749 DI 10.1093/poq/nfm047 PG 16 WC Communication; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Communication; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 246XP UT WOS:000252042000003 ER PT J AU Link, MW Battaglia, MP Frankel, MR Osborn, L Mokdad, AH AF Link, Michael W. Battaglia, Michael P. Frankel, Martin R. Osborn, Larry Mokdad, Ali H. TI Reaching the US cell phone generation: Comparison of cell phone survey results with an ongoing landline telephone survey SO PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID MESSAGES; NUMBERS; BIAS AB Noncoverage rates in U.S. landline-based telephone samples due to cell phone only households (i.e., households with no landline but accessible by cell phone) and the corresponding potential for bias in estimates from surveys that sample only from landline frames are growing issues. Building on some of the few published studies that focus on this problem, a study was conducted in three states (Georgia, New Mexico, and Pennsylvania) as part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), the world's largest ongoing public health telephone survey, to evaluate the effectiveness of conducting the BRFSS interview with a sample drawn from dedicated cell phone telephone exchanges and mixed-use (landline and cell phone) exchanges. Approximately 600 interviews were conducted in each of two groups: cell phone only adults (n = 572) and adults with both a landline and a cell phone (n = 592). Making comparisons with data from the ongoing, landline-based BRFSS survey, we report on response rates, demographic characteristics of respondents, key survey estimates of health conditions and risk behaviors,. C1 [Link, Michael W.] Nielsen Media Res, Marietta, GA 30062 USA. [Battaglia, Michael P.; Osborn, Larry] Abt Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02474 USA. [Mokdad, Ali H.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Marietta, GA USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), Nielsen Media Res, 3784 Ardsley Ct, Marietta, GA 30062 USA. EM Michael.Link@Nielsen.com NR 15 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-362X J9 PUBLIC OPIN QUART JI Public Opin. Q. PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 814 EP 839 DI 10.1093/poq/nfm051 PG 26 WC Communication; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Communication; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 246XP UT WOS:000252042000007 ER PT J AU Lavrakas, PJ Shuttles, CD Steeh, C Fienberg, H AF Lavrakas, Paul J. Shuttles, Charles D. Steeh, Charlotte Fienberg, Howard TI The state of surveying cell phone numbers in the United States - 2007 and beyond SO PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article AB By the late 1970s, household telephone coverage grew to exceed 90 percent in the United States, and by the mid-1980s telephone surveying of the general public had become commonplace. Nevertheless, 20 years later, the ability of researchers to reach representative samples of the U.S. public via landline (wired) telephone surveys and gather reliable data is being seriously challenged for many reasons, especially those related to cell phones and the growth of the "cell phone only" population. However, at present there exists no widely accepted set of Cell Phone Surveying "best practices" for U.S. survey researchers to follow. Despite what some appear to believe, surveying persons reached on cell phone numbers in the United States currently is a very complex undertaking if one wants to do it "right," i.e. to do it legally, ethically, and in ways that optimally allocate one's finite resources to gather the highest quality data, and to analyze and interpret those data accurately. This final "wrap-up" article in the special issue provides a review of the empirical articles in the issue with a focus on their practical implications for the decisions that researchers need to make regarding sampling, coverage, nonresponse, measurement, and weighting in surveys that include interviews with persons reached on cell phones. The article also highlights the practical implications of a number of legal, ethical, and other issues that relate to surveys in the United States that include cell phone numbers. C1 [Shuttles, Charles D.] Nielsen Media Res, Oldsmar, FL 34677 USA. [Steeh, Charlotte] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. [Fienberg, Howard] CMOR, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Lavrakas, PJ (reprint author), 382 Janes Lane, Stamford, CT 06903 USA. EM pjlavrak@optonline.net NR 21 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-362X J9 PUBLIC OPIN QUART JI Public Opin. Q. PY 2007 VL 71 IS 5 BP 840 EP 854 DI 10.1093/poq/nfm054 PG 15 WC Communication; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Communication; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 246XP UT WOS:000252042000008 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Olsson, AO Bravo, R Needham, LL AF Barr, Dana B. Olsson, Anders O. Bravo, Roberto Needham, Larry L. BE Kennedy, IR TI A Comprehensive Approach to Biological Monitoring of Pesticides in Urine SO RATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF AGROCHEMICALS: RISK ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND REMEDIAL ACTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) CY DEC 15-20, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI ID CHROMATOGRAPHY/TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; EXPOSURE; POPULATION AB In the past, we have had almost limitless urine for biological measurements but this has changed dramatically as the study populations continue to focus on young children for whom urine collection is difficult and as the number of pesticides for which exposure information is needed has increased. In order to accommodate the biological monitoring component of these studies, we have refined our methods to allow maximum exposure information from a limited-volume urine sample. Using three separate analytical methods, each requiring only 2 mL of urine, we can successfully measure 35 different pesticides or metabolites at background levels with a high degree of selectivity and precision. We describe a comprehensive approach to biological monitoring of current-use pesticides in urine using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-MS/MS using isotope dilution. C1 [Barr, Dana B.; Olsson, Anders O.; Bravo, Roberto; Needham, Larry L.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 966 BP 227 EP 244 PG 18 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BKN16 UT WOS:000268638300014 ER PT J AU Sammons, DL Biagini, RE Smith, JP MacKenzie, BA Striley, CAF Roberston, SA Snawder, JE Ferguson, BS Larkin, KA AF Sammons, D. L. Biagini, R. E. Smith, J. P. MacKenzie, B. A. Striley, C. A. F. Roberston, S. A. Snawder, J. E. Ferguson, B. S. Larkin, K. A. BE Kennedy, IR TI Simultaneous Measurement of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab and Cry3B Proteins in Corn Extracts SO RATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF AGROCHEMICALS: RISK ASSESSMENT, MONITORING, AND REMEDIAL ACTION SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies (PACIFICHEM 2005) CY DEC 15-20, 2005 CL Honolulu, HI ID COVALENT MICROSPHERE IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; RECEPTOR-BINDING PROPERTIES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; GLYPHOSATE; CYTOKINES; PLANTS AB Transgenic corn hybrids have been developed which contain synthetic genes for the production of Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins. Two of these proteins are Cry1Ab and Cry3B. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and immunochromatographic lateral flow assays, which are sensitive, specific and easy to perform, have been developed for Cry1Ab and Cry3 B proteins in corn extracts. In the present work, we describe a sandwich fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA) to simultaneously measure Cry1Ab and Cry3B proteins in corn extracts. Mixtures of genetically modified organism (GMO) and non-GMO corn were prepared and extracted. The extracts were diluted and Cry1Ab and Cry3B were measured by FCMIA. Measurement of pure Cry1Ab protein by FCMIA gave a minimum detectable concentration of 0.1 ng/mL. There were no significant differences between the assays when performed singly vs. multiplexed (P > 0.588). When the observed dilutions from the four parameter logistic fits were compared to the known dilutions, highly linear relationships were observed (r = 0.984 and 0.983, P < 0.001) over a dilution range of 1 to 100. These data give proof of principle that FCMIA can be used to simultaneously measure multiple GMO proteins in corn and may be a valuable adjunct to existing assays when the number of GMO pesticidal proteins to be measured becomes large. C1 [Sammons, D. L.; Biagini, R. E.; Smith, J. P.; MacKenzie, B. A.; Striley, C. A. F.; Roberston, S. A.; Snawder, J. E.] NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Sammons, DL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 966 BP 274 EP 285 PG 12 WC Agriculture, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Environmental Sciences SC Agriculture; Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BKN16 UT WOS:000268638300017 ER PT J AU Perry, MJ Venners, SA Barr, DB Xu, XP AF Perry, Melissa J. Venners, Scott A. Barr, Dana B. Xu, Xiping TI Environmental pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticide exposures and sperm concentration SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organophosphorous; pyrethroid; insecticides; pesticides; reproduction; male; semen quality; hormones; chinese; pesticide mixtures ID ARMIGERA HUBNER LEPIDOPTERA; PESTICIDE FACTORY-WORKERS; CYPERMETHRIN; METABOLISM; TOXICITY; RATS; DEGRADATION; PERMETHRIN; NOCTUIDAE; SYNERGIZE AB Background: There is growing concern that poisoning and other adverse health effects are increasing because organophosphorous (OP) insecticides are now being used in combination with pyrethroid (PYR) insecticides to enhance the toxic effects of PYR insecticides on target insects, especially those that have developed PYR resistance. Objectives: We conducted a pilot biomonitoring study to determine whether men in our reproductive cohort study were being exposed to pesticides environmentally by virtue of frequenting an agricultural setting. Methods: We screened 18 randomly selected urine samples collected from male participants of reproductive age for 24 parent compounds and metabolites of pesticides and examined the results in relation to sperm concentration. Results: Results showed high prevalence of exposure to OP and PYR pesticides and our preliminary analyses provided some suggestion that the higher exposure group had lower sperm concentration. Conclusions: The potential of OP/PYR mixtures to have enhanced human toxicity needs more research attention. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Epidemiol, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perry, MJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 1,Room 1413, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM mperry@hsph.harvard.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1R01 ES11682, 1R01 ES08337, ES-00002, K01 ES10959, P01 ES06198] NR 31 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 4 U2 22 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0890-6238 J9 REPROD TOXICOL JI Reprod. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2006.08.005 PG 6 WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology GA 130BA UT WOS:000243772800013 PM 17011162 ER PT J AU Perez, JA Pena-Rosas, JR AF Alvarez Perez, Jacqueline Pena-Rosas, Juan P. TI Dietary fiber: effect on glycemic control and on the metabolism of carbohydrate and fat SO REVISTA ESPANOLA DE NUTRICION COMUNITARIA-SPANISH JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY NUTRITION LA Spanish DT Review ID GLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE-1; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; WHOLE-GRAIN INTAKE; ORAL GLUCOSE-LOAD; MEXICAN-STYLE DIET; POSTPRANDIAL GLUCOSE; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC MEN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; INSULIN SENSITIVITY AB The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is still on the rise, to the point of currently being considered an epidemic. It is estimated that the number of new cases will duplicate up to 270 million cases by year 2010. Since the discovery of insulin, the recommendation on the contribution of carbohydrates to the diet of diabetic patients has varied considerably, from a severe restriction of carbohydrates to a intake ranging from 60% to 75% of the total caloric intake, and the addition of high-fiber polysaccharides. The role of dietary fiber in the diabetic is specially aimed to improve the glycemic control, by modifying the postprandial hyperglycemic peaks and improving the lipidic profile. In this review, the current dietary recommendations in the management of diabetes mellitus are discussed, as well as the benefits of the dietary fiber in the glycemic control and its effects in the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. C1 [Alvarez Perez, Jacqueline] Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Grp Nutr, Canaria, Spain. [Pena-Rosas, Juan P.] CDC, Div Nutr & Actividad Fis, Dept Nutr Materno Infantil, Atlanta EUA, GA USA. RP Perez, JA (reprint author), Univ Las Palmas Gran Canaria, Grp Nutr, Canaria, Spain. NR 74 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU NEXUS MEDICA EDITORES PI BARCELONA PA PASSEIG D AMUNT 38, BARCELONA, 08028, SPAIN SN 1135-3074 J9 REV ESP NUTR COMUNIT JI Rev. Esp. Nutr. Comunitaria PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 30 EP 39 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 281DB UT WOS:000254475900006 ER PT J AU Duque, LF Orduz, JF Sandoval, JD Caicedo, BE Klevens, J AF Fernando Duque, Luis Fernando Orduz, Jose de Jesus Sandoval, Juan Elena Caicedo, Beatriz Klevens, Joanne TI Lessons learned from an early intervention violence prevention program in Medellin, Colombia SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA Spanish DT Article DE violence; aggression; underachievement; program evaluation; Colombia ID PHYSICAL AGGRESSION; TRAJECTORIES; DELINQUENCY; ADOLESCENCE; STABILITY; BEHAVIOR; SCHOOL; BOYS AB Objective. To describe the components and development of the Early Prevention of Violence Program in the city of Medellin, Colombia, and to evaluate the results of its first phase, three years after implementation. Methods. A before (2001) and after (2004) study of four variables-direct aggression, indirect aggression, prosocial behavior, and scholastic achievement-was conducted among a convenience sample of 339 program participants and their families. Results. Several program benefits were noted. Decreases in both direct and indirect aggression were observed, though the latter was reduced only in girls and in those over 12 years old. Prosocial behavior increased among children of all ages and both genders, including those who exhibited low levels of prosocial behavior in 2001. In addition, improved school performance was seen in the group as a whole. Results may have been affected by some changes to the prevention program's implementation and by the dangerous nature of the neighborhood, which limited the home visits. Conclusions. The program seems to be an effective intervention for highly aggressive children, among whom a decline in direct aggression was observed. It also offers preventive benefits, as evidenced by the rise of prosocial behaviors in less aggressive children. C1 Univ Atioquia, Fac Nacl Salud Publ, Medellin, Colombia. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Control & Prevent Enfermedades, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Duque, LF (reprint author), Univ Atioquia, Fac Nacl Salud Publ, Calle 62,52-59,Ofic 211, Medellin, Colombia. EM lfduque@une.net.co NR 35 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU PAN AMER HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD JAN PY 2007 VL 21 IS 1 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1590/S1020-49892007000100003 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 192TA UT WOS:000248224700003 PM 17439690 ER PT S AU Chen, MH Icenogle, J AF Chen, Min-Hsin Icenogle, Joseph BE Banatvala, J Peckham, C TI Molecular Virology of Rubella Virus SO RUBELLA VIRUSES SE Perspectives in Medical Virology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS; E1 GLYCOPROTEIN; CAPSID PROTEIN; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; SINDBIS-VIRUS; REPLICATION COMPLEXES; MEMBRANE-FUSION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; RNA-SYNTHESIS C1 [Chen, Min-Hsin; Icenogle, Joseph] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 91 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7069 BN 978-0-08-046786-3 J9 PERSP MED V JI Perspect. Med. Virol. PY 2007 VL 15 BP 1 EP 18 DI 10.1016/S0168-7069(06)15001-6 PG 18 WC Virology SC Virology GA BCL01 UT WOS:000310528800003 ER PT S AU Reef, S Plotkin, SA AF Reef, Susan Plotkin, Stanley A. BE Banatvala, J Peckham, C TI Rubella Vaccine SO RUBELLA VIRUSES SE Perspectives in Medical Virology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MEDIATED IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CONGENITAL-RUBELLA; VIRUS VACCINE; MATERNAL REINFECTION; NATURAL RUBELLA; RA 27/3; INFECTION; MEASLES; MUMPS; IMMUNIZATION C1 [Reef, Susan] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Plotkin, Stanley A.] Univ Penn, Doylestown, PA 18901 USA. [Plotkin, Stanley A.] Sanofi Pasteur, Doylestown, PA 18901 USA. RP Reef, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 65 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-7069 BN 978-0-08-046786-3; 978-0-44-450634-4 J9 PERSP MED V JI Perspect. Med. Virol. PY 2007 VL 15 BP 79 EP 93 DI 10.1016/S0168-7069(06)15004-1 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA BCL01 UT WOS:000310528800006 ER PT J AU Luke, A Chavez, N Rolle, I Cao, GC Flores, M Macias, N Barquera, S Durazo-Arvizu, RA AF Luke, Amy Chavez, Noel Rolle, Italia Cao, Guichan Flores, Mario Macias, Nayeli Barquera, Simon Durazo-Arvizu, Ramon A. TI Comparison of dietary patterns in the Mexican and Mexican-American populations SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Univ Chicago, Sch Publ Hlth, Community Hlth Sci Div, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Epidemiol, Surveillance Capac Dev Coordinating Off Global H, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Nutr & Salud, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PY 2007 VL 49 SI SI BP E107 EP E108 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 171HL UT WOS:000246726400048 ER PT J AU Basak, SC Mills, D Mumtaz, MM AF Basak, S. C. Mills, D. Mumtaz, M. M. TI A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) study of dermal absorption using theoretical molecular descriptors SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure - Activity Relationships in Environmental Toxicology (QSAR 2006) CY MAY 08-12, 2006 CL Lyon, FRANCE DE dermal absorption; topological descriptors; ridge regression; Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization ID AIR PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; PREDICTING SKIN PERMEABILITY; PROPERTY-BASED METHODS; HIERARCHICAL APPROACH; RELATIONSHIPS QSPRS; VAPOR-PRESSURE; PENETRATION; REGRESSION; MUTAGENICITY; VALIDATION AB Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed for the prediction of dermal absorption based on experimental log K-p data for a diverse set of 101 chemicals obtained from the literature. Molecular descriptors including topostructural (TS), topochemical (TC), shape or three-dimensional (313) and quantum chemical (QC) indices were calculated. Based on this information, a generic predictive model was created using the diverse set of 101 compounds. In addition, two submodels were prepared for subsets of 79 cyclic and 22 acyclic chemicals. A modified Gram-Schmidt variable reduction algorithm for descriptor thinning was followed by regression analyses using ridge regression (RR), principal components regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLS). The RR results were found to be superior to PLS and PCR regressions. The cross-validated correlation coefficients for the full set and subsets were 0.67-0.87. Computational methods such as QSAR modelling can be used to augment existing data to prioritise chemicals that need to be studied further for toxicological evaluation and risk assessment. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Computat Toxicol & Methods Dev Unit, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Basak, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Hwy, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. EM sbasak@nrri.umn.edu NR 51 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PD JAN-MAR PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1-2 BP 45 EP 55 DI 10.1080/10629360601033671 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 131PR UT WOS:000243882700005 PM 17365958 ER PT J AU Berge, V Thompson, T Blackman, D AF Berge, Viktor Thompson, Trevor Blackman, Donald TI Use of additional treatment for prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, androgen deprivation, or watchful waiting SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY AND NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; additional treatment; radical prostatectomy; radiation therapy; watchful waiting; androgen deprivation therapy ID CAPSURE DATABASE; LOCAL THERAPY; SURVEILLANCE AB Objective. To examine how the use of additional treatment for prostate cancer differs as a function of the initial therapy (radical prostatectomy [RP], radiation therapy [RT], androgen deprivation therapy [ADT], or watchful waiting [WW]) for men with non-metastatic prostate cancer. Material and methods. A dataset was created that combined information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and Medicare claims for hospital and physician services. To identify patients receiving additional cancer treatment, we searched the claims for the presence of RP, RT (palliative radiation not included), or ADT. Results. The study population consisted of 12 711 patients: as initial treatment, 3940 (31.0%) had RP, 3950 (31.1%) RT, 1209 (9.5%) ADT, and 3612 (28.4%) WW. The RP group had a less favorable distribution of tumor differentiation than the RT group. Only 54.6% of men who had initial RP had localized cancer. In men who had initial RP, 8.1% had RT and 12.4% ADT during the follow-up period, which was 6 - 66 months after the initial therapy ended. Among patients who had initial RT or WW, 22.8% and 22.1%, respectively had ADT during the follow-up period. Conclusion. Older American men with prostate cancer who are initially treated with RT or simply observed (WW) are more likely than men who undergo RP to receive ADT as a follow-up treatment. C1 Akershus Univ Hosp, Dept Urol, Nordbyhagen, Norway. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Berge, V (reprint author), Aker Univ Hosp, Oslo Urol Univ Clin, Trondheimsveien 235, N-0514 Oslo, Norway. EM viktor.berge@akersykehus.no NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA PO BOX 12 POSTHUSET, NO-0051 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5599 J9 SCAND J UROL NEPHROL JI Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. PY 2007 VL 41 IS 3 BP 198 EP 203 DI 10.1080/00365590601016677 PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 166GD UT WOS:000246365400003 PM 17469027 ER PT J AU Larsen, U Mlay, J Aboud, S Ballard, R Sam, NE Shao, JF Kapiga, SH AF Larsen, Ulla Mlay, Joseph Aboud, Said Ballard, Ronald Sam, Noel E. Shao, John F. Kapiga, Saidi H. TI Design of a community-based study of sexually transmitted infections/HIV and infertility in an urban area of northern Tanzania SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK AB Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the design of a community-based study of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)/HIV and infertility in northern Tanzania. Study Design: Households were selected using a 2-stage sampling design. Eligible women and their partners were interviewed before samples were collected for STIs/HIV detection. Posttest counseling and treatment for STIs and infertility were provided. Results: A total of 2019 women and 794 male partners were interviewed. Over 70% of interviewed women and men provided blood and urine samples. Individuals providing blood and urine samples bad high-risk profiles for STIs/HIV when compared with others who did not provide these samples. Although the study results may be affected by selection bias, risk factors for STIs/HIV were similar to those in other studies supporting the generallizability of the findings. Conclusions: It is feasible to conduct a community-based survey, including collection of biomarkers and measurement of infertility, in this urban setting. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Larsen, U (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, 2112 Art Sociol Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ularsen@socy.umd.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD41202] NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 BP 20 EP 24 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000218878.29220.8e PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 123OO UT WOS:000243305400004 PM 16691158 ER PT J AU Dicker, LW Mosure, DJ Steece, R Stone, KM AF Dicker, Linda Webster Mosure, Debra J. Steece, Richard Stone, Katherine M. TI Testing for sexually transmitted diseases in US Public Health Laboratories in 2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Objective: Appropriate laboratory testing practices are a critical part of sexually transmitted disease (STD) control. Goal. The goal of this study was to describe the type and volume of STD tests performed in public health laboratories in the United States in 2004. Study Design: A web-based survey was made available to 144 members of the Association of Public Health Laboratories. Results: One hundred fourteen laboratories responded (79%). Overall, 3,553,196 chlamydia tests and 3,461,151 gonorrhea tests were performed; 64.4% of chlamydia tests and 60.8% of gonorrhea tests were nucleic acid amplification tests. Ninety-four percent of laboratories performed syphilis testing. Few laboratories used type-specific tests for herpes simplex virus or used new tests for trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis, or human papillomavirus. tConclusions: This survey collected important data that can be used to monitor trends in STD testing practices in public health laboratories. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Chlamydia Lab, Pierre, SD USA. RP Mosure, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djm1@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 BP 41 EP 46 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000222708.70594.8e PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 123OO UT WOS:000243305400008 PM 16735955 ER PT S AU Noll, J Janisko, S AF Noll, James Janisko, Sam BE Cullum, BM Porterfield, DM TI Using laser absorption techniques to monitor diesel particulate matter exposure in underground stone mines - art. no. 67590P SO SMART BIOMEDICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL SENSOR TECHNOLOGY V SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Smart Biomedical and Physiological Sensor Technology CY SEP 10-11, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE laser absorption; diesel; elemental carbon; mining; exposure ID ELEMENTAL CARBON; EXHAUST; OVEREXPOSURE AB Underground miners are exposed to some of the highest levels of diesel particulate matter (DPM) in the United States. Therefore, it is important to monitor the exposure of miners to DPM but it can be difficult because of the complex composition of DPM and the number of interferences. Currently, elemental carbon (EC) is used as a surrogate because it makes up a significant fraction of the DPM and is not affected by interferences. Standard measurement methods for EC can be time consuming and only record end of shift results. In this research, a laser absorption technique that enables one to measure EC concentration in near real time was shown to be a beneficial tool. The real time data showed that the fresh air being drawn into a stone mine was not properly reaching the working area and needed to be redirected to decrease DPM concentrations. The real time data also provided a more accurate efficiency of an environmental cab compared to just using the standard method by detecting the opening of the cab's window and door. The EC optical monitor was also worn-by researchers in a mine to show how it can give not only the average concentration for the shift but also reveal when and where a miner is exposed to DPM. C1 [Noll, James; Janisko, Sam] NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. RP Noll, J (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Pittsburgh Res Lab, 626 Cochrans Mill Rd, Pittsburgh, PA 15236 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6919-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6759 BP P7590 EP P7590 DI 10.1117/12.737790 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA BHH80 UT WOS:000253363200016 ER PT J AU Guilamo-Ramos, V Dittus, P Jaccard, J Johansson, M Bouris, A Acosta, N AF Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent Dittus, Patricia Jaccard, James Johansson, Margaret Bouris, Alida Acosta, Neifi TI Parenting practices among Dominican and Puerto Rican mothers SO SOCIAL WORK LA English DT Article DE adolescents; Latino families; parenting practices; urban ID URBAN AFRICAN-AMERICAN; MEXICAN-AMERICAN; YOUNG-CHILDREN; LOW-INCOME; ECOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE; EXTERNALIZING BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT OUTCOMES; HISPANIC FAMILIES; UNITED-STATES; LATINO AB This study presents descriptive qualitative data about Latino parenting practices in an urban context. Focus groups were conducted with Dominican and Puerto Rican mother-adolescent pairs in the Bronx borough of NewYork City. When parenting style typologies are integrated with the Latino cultural components familismo, respeto, personalismo, and simpatia, Latino parenting practices and their underlying styles are better understood. Content analysis of parents' focus groups revealed five essential Latino parenting practices: (1) ensuring close monitoring of adolescents; (2) maintaining warm and supportive relationships characterized by high levels of parent-adolescent interaction and sharing; (3) explaining parental decisions and actions; (4) making an effort to build and improve relationships; and (5) differential parenting practices based on adolescents' gender. Mothers reported concerns related to the risks associated with living in an urban area, exposure to different cultural values, and opportunities for engaging in risky behaviors. Adolescents' recommendations for effective parenting strategies were similar to the practices reported by their mothers. The study has important applied implications for culturally competent social work practice with Latino adolescents and their families. C1 Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Psychol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10027 USA. New York City Dept Educ, New York, NY USA. RP Guilamo-Ramos, V (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM rg650@columbia.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U87/CCU220155-3-0] NR 79 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATL ASSOC SOCIAL WORKERS PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4241 USA SN 0037-8046 J9 SOC WORK JI Soc. Work PD JAN PY 2007 VL 52 IS 1 BP 17 EP 30 PG 14 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 147JC UT WOS:000244998200003 PM 17388080 ER PT J AU Neurath, SK Sadeghi, AM Shirmohammadi, A Torrents, A Sefton, KA AF Neurath, Susan K. Sadeghi, Ali M. Shirmohammadi, Adel Torrents, Alba Sefton, Kerry A. TI Sensitivity of atrazine partition coefficient on pesticide root zone model prediction of soil's atrazine residue distribution within the crop root zone SO SOIL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atrazine; pesticides; modeling; no-till; conventional-till ID SHALLOW GROUNDWATER; TILLAGE; SORPTION; TRANSPORT; RAINFALL; GLEAMS; PRZM; ALACHLOR; IMPACT AB Previous applications of the Pesticide Root Zone Model (PRZM) comparing predicted distributions of pesticides in the soil profile to the measured values suggest that PRZM prediction capability may be improved by selecting proper representation of the distribution coefficient values that directly influence atrazine-soil interactions. The objective of this study was to observe the variation in the predicted distribution of atrazine in the soil profile as the coefficient of distribution (K-d) was varied in one or more soil horizons using the PRZM-2 model. The goal was to identify if more attention should be devoted to understanding the atrazine-soil sorption issues better, or whether discrepancies in field data and model output are explained by the difficulties in assessing the preferential transport of atrazine. The PRZM-2 predicted atrazine distribution was compared with measured values for no-till (NT) and conventional-till (CT) corn plots. Results indicate that reducing K-d by 70% in NT plots reduced the predicted atrazine recovery in Horizon 1 (0-10 cm) by 31%, 34%, and 87% for simulations performed 2, 4, and 8 weeks after application (WAA). Reducing Kd in only the upper soil horizon improved predictions for the upper horizon but overpredicted atrazine concentrations in the second horizon. Reducing Kd throughout the profile reduced predicted atrazine concentrations in the upper horizon and increased predicted concentrations in lower horizons. Improvement in the correlation between predicted and measured atrazine concentrations was greatest for NT plots; however, discrepancies between predicted and measured data still exist and may be due to improper characterization of the atrazine degradation or dissipation parameters. These results suggest that although preferential flow appears to influence atrazine distribution, it may not be the only process influencing our ability to model atrazine fate and transport. Future research on atrazine degradation and dissipation under field conditions seems to be necessary to simulate atrazine fate and transport under preferential flow conditions. C1 ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. USDA ARS, Nat Resources Inst, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Maryland, Biol Resources Engn Dept, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Neurath, SK (reprint author), ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. EM sadegkiA@ba.ars.usda.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-075X J9 SOIL SCI JI Soil Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 172 IS 1 BP 42 EP 54 DI 10.1097/01.ss.0000240546.59798.c3 PG 13 WC Soil Science SC Agriculture GA 127EW UT WOS:000243569100004 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Houbraken, J Verweij, PE Hong, SB Yaghuchi, T Varga, J Samson, RA AF Balajee, S. A. Houbraken, J. Verweij, P. E. Hong, S-B. Yaghuchi, T. Varga, J. Samson, R. A. TI Aspergillus species identification in the clinical setting SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Aspergillus Systematics in the Genomic Era CY APR 12-14, 2007 CL Utrecht, NETHERLANDS DE Emericella; molecular phylogeny; pathogenic aspergilli; polyphasic taxonomy; section Aspergillus section Terrei; section Usti ID CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS-DISEASE; PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; NEOSARTORYA-PSEUDOFISCHERI; TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; FUNGAL SINUSITIS; AMPHOTERICIN-B; FUMIGATUS; TERREUS; USTUS AB Multiple recent studies have demonstrated the limited utility of morphological methods used singly for species identification of clinically relevant aspergilli. It is being increasingly recognised that comparative sequence based methods used in conjunction with traditional phenotype based methods can offer better resolution of species within this genus. Recognising the growing role of molecular methods in species recognition, the recently convened international working group meeting entitled "Aspergillus Systematics in the Genomic Era" has proposed several recommendations that will be useful in such endeavors. Specific recommendations of this working group include the use of the ITS regions for inter section level identification and the P-tubulin locus for identification of individual species within the various Aspergillus sections. C1 [Balajee, S. A.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Houbraken, J.; Varga, J.; Samson, R. A.] CBS Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Verweij, P. E.] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Med Microbiol, NL-6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Verweij, P. E.] Univ Nijmegen, Ctr Infect Dis, Nijmegen, Netherlands. [Hong, S-B.] Korean Agr Culture Collect, Suwon, South Korea. [Yaghuchi, T.] Chiba Univ, Med Mycol Res Ctr, Chiba, Japan. [Varga, J.] Univ Szeged, Dept Microbiol, Fac Sci, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM fir3@cdc.gov RI Verweij, P.E./H-8108-2014 NR 52 TC 102 Z9 106 U1 1 U2 10 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI UTRECHT PA PO BOX 85167, 3508 AD UTRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 EI 1872-9797 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PY 2007 IS 59 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.3114/sim.2007.59.05 PG 8 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 318MZ UT WOS:000257097300006 ER PT J AU Gupta, S Aslakson, E Gurbaxani, BM Vernon, SD AF Gupta, Shakti Aslakson, Eric Gurbaxani, Brian M. Vernon, Suzanne D. TI Inclusion of the glucocorticoid receptor in a hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis model reveals bistability SO THEORETICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article AB Background: The body's primary stress management system is the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis responds to physical and mental challenge to maintain homeostasis in part by controlling the body's cortisol level. Dysregulation of the HPA axis is implicated in numerous stress-related diseases. Results: We developed a structured model of the HPA axis that includes the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). This model incorporates nonlinear kinetics of pituitary GR synthesis. The nonlinear effect arises from the fact that GR homodimerizes after cortisol activation and induces its own synthesis in the pituitary. This homodimerization makes possible two stable steady states (low and high) and one unstable state of cortisol production resulting in bistability of the HPA axis. In this model, low GR concentration represents the normal steady state, and high GR concentration represents a dysregulated steady state. A short stress in the normal steady state produces a small perturbation in the GR concentration that quickly returns to normal levels. Long, repeated stress produces persistent and high GR concentration that does not return to baseline forcing the HPA axis to an alternate steady state. One consequence of increased steady state GR is reduced steady state cortisol, which has been observed in some stress related disorders such as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Conclusion: Inclusion of pituitary GR expression resulted in a biologically plausible model of HPA axis bistability and hypocortisolism. High GR concentration enhanced cortisol negative feedback on the hypothalamus and forced the HPA axis into an alternative, low cortisol state. This model can be used to explore mechanisms underlying disorders of the HPA axis. C1 [Gupta, Shakti; Aslakson, Eric; Gurbaxani, Brian M.; Vernon, Suzanne D.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aslakson, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, 600 Clifton Rd,MS-A15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM shaktig@gmail.com; btl0@cdc.gov; buw8@cdc.gov; svernon@cdc.gov FU DARPA MIPR [05-U357] FX The funding for this project was made possible by funding from DARPA MIPR number 05-U357. We would also like to acknowledge the Dr. Leslie Crofford and the University of Michigan (GCRC M01-RR00042 and R01-AR43148) for providing experimental data. NR 24 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1742-4682 J9 THEOR BIOL MED MODEL JI Theor. Biol. Med. Model. PY 2007 VL 4 AR 8 DI 10.1186/1742-4682-4-8 PG 12 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Mathematical & Computational Biology GA V19EE UT WOS:000208054900008 PM 17300722 ER PT J AU Ekundayo, OJ Dodson-Stallworth, J Roofe, M Aban, IB Bachmann, LH Kempf, MC Ehiri, J Jolly, PE AF Ekundayo, Olaniyi J. Dodson-Stallworth, Joana Roofe, Michele Aban, Inmaculada B. Bachmann, Laura H. Kempf, Mirjam C. Ehiri, John Jolly, Pauline E. TI The determinants of sexual intercourse before age 16 years among rural Jamaican adolescents SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article DE adolescents; early sexual debut AB Individual and family factors have been hypothesized to influence adolescent sexual behavior, but the extent to which this is true for adolescents in Jamaica as a whole and for those in rural areas in particular, has not been well studied. The objective of this study was to identify individual and family factors associated with initiation of sexual activity before the age of 16 among rural adolescents in Jamaica. We analyzed data for 469 sexually experienced adolescents attending public high schools in the rural parish of Hanover. Multivariate logistic regression was used to predict independent influences of these factors. The mean age at sexual debut was 11 years for boys and 15 years for girls. Early adolescent sexual activity was associated with liberal attitudes about negative sexual outcomes (OR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.34-2.87) and first sexual partner not being a steady boyfriend or girlfriend (OR = 4.19, 95% CI = 1.62-10.84). Female gender (OR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.07-0.36) and older age at time of survey were protective (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.32-0.52). Girls who were early starters were more likely to have been initiated by partners who were not steady boyfriends. They also reported liberal attitude towards negative sexual outcomes. Boys were mainly influenced by liberal attitude towards negative sexual outcomes. Being older was protective for both genders. Considering the high rates of HIV and adolescent pregnancy in this population, reproductive health programs that attempt to delay age at first sex should begin early in primary school before adolescents become sexually active. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Ekundayo, OJ (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM jollyp@uab.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [T37-TW00077] NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PY 2007 VL 7 BP 493 EP 503 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.94 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 159XU UT WOS:000245902000007 PM 17450311 ER PT J AU Ekundayo, OJ Dodson-Stallworth, J Roofe, M Aban, IB Kempf, MC Ehiri, JE Jolly, PE AF Ekundayo, Olaniyi J. Dodson-Stallworth, Joana Roofe, Michele Aban, Inmaculada B. Kempf, Mirjam C. Ehiri, John E. Jolly, Pauline E. TI Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms among high school students in Hanover, Jamaica SO THESCIENTIFICWORLDJOURNAL LA English DT Article DE depressive symptoms; sexual experience; maternal affection and support ID YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; GENDER-DIFFERENCES; MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE; SEXUAL INTERCOURSE; BEHAVIOR AB The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in Jamaican adolescents and examine its association with individual and family factors. We used an abbreviated form of the Beck's Depression Inventory II (BDI-II) to assess depressive symptoms among 748 students, attending public high schools in the parish of Hanover Jamaica. In the analysis, we classified adolescents with scores in the upper quartile of the depressive symptom score as having depressive symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the predictors of depressive symptoms. 14.2% of participants reported depressive symptoms. There was association between engagement in sexual activity [Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.02-2.51], parental monitoring of adolescent activity (OR=2.04, 95%CI=1.33-3.12), maternal affection and support (OR= 4.07, 95%CI= 2.62-6.33), and paternal affection and support (OR= 1.58, 95%CI= 1.05-2.39) with self reported depressive symptoms at the bivariate level. In the final model, depressive symptoms was associated with perceived lack of maternal affection and support (OR= 4.06, 95%CI= 2.61-6.32) and showed marginal association with being sexually experienced (OR= 1.59, 95%CI= 1.00-2.52). As most homes are female-headed, establishing support systems for the mother to take care of their adolescent children may decrease the odds of depressive symptoms. Sexually experienced adolescents may require screening for depression. Further research is required to fully explore all factors that could predispose Jamaican adolescents to depression. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NE Reg Hlth Author Ochos Rios, St Ann, Jamaica. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Jolly, PE (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM jollyp@uab.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [T37-TW00077] NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU THESCIENTIFICWORLD LTD PI NEWBURY PA 29-34, VENTURE WEST, NEW GREENHAM PARK, NEWBURY, BERKSHIRE RG19 6HX, ENGLAND SN 1537-744X J9 THESCIENTIFICWORLDJO JI TheScientificWorldJOURNAL PY 2007 VL 7 BP 567 EP 576 DI 10.1100/tsw.2007.104 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 164CV UT WOS:000246211200005 PM 17525821 ER PT J AU De Staercke, C Lally, C Austin, H Winston, C Dowling, N Williams, B Hooper, WC AF De Staercke, Christine Lally, Cathy Austin, Harland Winston, Carla Dowling, Nicole Williams, Byron Hooper, W. Craig TI The lack of association between four point mutations in the promoter region of the toll-like 4 receptor gene and myocardial infarction SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4); promoter region; MI (myocardial infraction) ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-4; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC LESIONS; ASP299GLY POLYMORPHISM; EXPRESSION; PROGRESSION; INFECTION; PLAQUES; RISK AB The toll-like receptor 4 gene product (TLR4) has been implicated in the pathogen recognition response mechanism because it plays a central role in the transcriptional activation of the host defense system. Activation of TLR4 initiates an intracellular signaling cascade, via the adapter protein MyD88 (myeloid differentiation factor 88), which leads to the activation of NF-kappaB transcriptional factor, and ultimately to the induction of a pro-inflammatory response. This inflammatory response has been increasingly associated with atherosclerosis. Recent analyses on two polymorphisms of TLR4, which affect the extracellular domain of the receptor, have been shown to give rise to an attenuated innate immune defense which may contribute to disease susceptibility. We have investigated the significance of four new substitutions found by re-sequencing in the T-proximal promoter region of the TLR4 gene in a case-control study of acute myocardial infarction. Our results found no statistically significant association between these genetic variants and MI. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Herditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Herditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM chooper@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PY 2007 VL 119 IS 1 BP 105 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.thromres.2005.12.010 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 114RD UT WOS:000242682400013 PM 16469362 ER PT J AU Brooks, JI Merks, HW Fournier, J Boneva, RS Sandstrom, PA AF Brooks, James I. Merks, Harriet W. Fournier, Jocelyn Boneva, Roumiana S. Sandstrom, Paul A. TI Characterization of blood-borne transmission of simian foamy virus SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; VIRAL REPLICATION; INFECTION; MACAQUES; HIV AB BACKGROUND: Simian foamy virus (SFV) is an endemic, nonhuman primate (NHP) retrovirus that is transmitted to individuals who work with or hunt NHPs. The cross-species transmission of simian retroviruses is believed to be the etiology of human immunodeficiency virus and human T-lymphotropic virus infections in humans. Although SFV is not pathogenic in the native host, the shared ancestry with other simian retroviruses has brought into question the potential for acquired pathogenicity after cross-species transmission. This study examines whether SFV also shares the traits of transmissibility through the blood supply. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Within a controlled environment, blood from an SFV-infected monkey was transfused into an SFV-uninfected monkey. Evidence of infection, pathogenic effects, immune correlates, and viral shedding were followed for 6 months after transfusion. RESULTS: Molecular evidence of SFV infection manifested 8 weeks after transfusion followed by seroconversion 1 week later. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that the highest level of detectable virus was concomitant with seroconversion followed by establishment of a viral "set-point." Analysis of circulating lymphocytes revealed changes early in infection. Potential routes of transmission of SFV and roles of site-specific immune response are suggested by the late appearance of SFV shedding in the saliva of the transfused animal. CONCLUSION: The blood supply has historically provided a portal through which novel, occult viruses can become disseminated among humans. The demonstration of transmissibility of SFV through whole-blood transfusion, in an NHP model, contributes to the understanding of potential risks associated with blood donation by SFV-infected humans. C1 Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl HIV & Retrovirol Labs, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Hlth Canada, Anim Resources Div, Hlth Prod & Food Branch, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brooks, JI (reprint author), Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Natl HIV & Retrovirol Labs, Room 3172,Bldg 6,AL 0603A2,100 Eglantine Driveway, Ottawa, ON K1A 0K9, Canada. EM James_Brooks@phacaspc.gc.ca NR 32 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JAN PY 2007 VL 47 IS 1 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01079.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 118SX UT WOS:000242963100026 PM 17207245 ER PT J AU Ledikwe, JH Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK Seymour, JD Tohill, BC Rolls, BJ AF Ledikwe, Jenny H. Blanck, Heidi M. Khan, Laura Kettel Serdula, Mary K. Seymour, Jennifer D. Tohill, Beth C. Rolls, Barbara J. BE Kushner, RF Bessesen, DH TI Reductions in Dietary Energy Density as a Weight Management Strategy SO TREATMENT OF THE OBESE PATIENT SE Contemporary Endocrinology Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Energy density; energy intake; satiety; body weight; obesity ID PORTION SIZE; OBESE WOMEN; BODY-WEIGHT; FAT-CONTENT; FOOD-INTAKE; AD-LIBITUM; ADULTS; CARBOHYDRATE; SATIETY; PALATABILITY AB Reducing caloric intake is the cornerstone of dietary therapy for long-term healthy weight management. Strategies individuals have typically used include limiting portion sizes, food groups, or certain macronutrients. Although such restrictive approaches can lead to weight loss in the short term, they can result in feelings of hunger or dissatisfaction, which can limit their acceptability, sustainability, and long-term effectiveness. An alternative positive strategy to manage energy intake is for individuals to eat more foods that are low in calories for a given measure of food-that is, they are low in energy density (kcal/g). Data have shown that people eat a fairly consistent amount of food on a day-to-day basis; therefore, the energy density of the foods an individual consumes influences energy intake. Encouraging patients to eat more foods low in energy density and to substitute these foods for those higher in energy density allows them to decrease their energy intake while eating satisfying portions, thereby controlling hunger and lowering energy intake. This type of diet fits with the current Dietary Guidelines for Americans in that it incorporates high quantities of fruits, vegetables, and fiber, which are often suboptimal in typical low-calorie diets, and it provides ample intakes of numerous micronutrients. Moreover, studies have found that individuals who consume lower-energy-dense diets consume more food by weight and have lower body weights compared with individuals who consume higher-energy-dense diets. This chapter reviews the evidence supporting the use of diets rich in low-energy-dense foods for weight management and provides practical approaches to lowering the energy density of the diet. C1 [Ledikwe, Jenny H.; Rolls, Barbara J.] Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Blanck, Heidi M.; Khan, Laura Kettel; Serdula, Mary K.; Seymour, Jennifer D.; Tohill, Beth C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ledikwe, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NR 48 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA BN 978-1-59745-400-1 J9 CONTEMP ENDOCRINOL S PY 2007 BP 265 EP 280 DI 10.1007/978-1-59745-400-1_13 D2 10.1007/978-1-59745-400-1 PG 16 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA BNO59 UT WOS:000275130100014 ER PT J AU Cohen, AL Dowell, SF Nisalak, A Mammen, PM Petkanchanapong, W Fisk, TL AF Cohen, Adam L. Dowell, Scott F. Nisalak, Ananda Mammen, Mammen P., Jr. Petkanchanapong, Wimol Fisk, Tamara L. TI Rapid diagnostic tests for dengue and leptospirosis: antibody detection is insensitive at presentation SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE diagnostic tests; tropical medicine; dengue; leptospirosis ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TEST; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; INFECTION; ELISA AB OBJECTIVE To determine the performance of rapid diagnostic tests for dengue and leptospirosis that rely on detecting antibodies that may not be produced when patients present for medical treatment. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 723 patients with undifferentiated febrile illness presenting to rural hospitals in northern and northeastern Thailand over a 1-year period. We evaluated rapid antibody detection diagnostic tests for dengue and leptospirosis on these patients. RESULTS Sensitivity of the tests was low at the acute visit (7.6-21.5%). Sensitivity at the convalescent visit ranged from 25.8% to 81.5% and was significantly higher than at the acute visit for all tests (chi(2), P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Low sensitivity of the rapid tests at presentation suggests that their utility in the acute phase of dengue and leptospirosis is limited. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Int Emerging Infect Program, Thai Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Thailand Natl Inst Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM alcohen1@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JAN PY 2007 VL 12 IS 1 BP 47 EP 51 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01752.x PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 123LS UT WOS:000243298000006 PM 17207147 ER PT J AU Katz, D Albalak, R Wing, JS Combs, V AF Katz, Dolly Albalak, Rachel Wing, J. S. Combs, V. CA Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies TI Setting the agenda: A new model for collaborative tuberculosis epidemiologic research SO TUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; epidemiologic research; interdisciplinary studies; research support AB Success in reducing tuberculosis (TB) incidence in developed nations has created a paradoxical problem for researchers. In many countries, there are too few cases to support the research necessary to maintain and accelerate the decline. We describe an approach to applied TB research that supports and focuses efforts of researchers at 21 academic, clinical, and governmental sites in two countries. The Tuberculosis Epidemiologic Studies Consortium (TBESC), funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and by outside sources, conducts programmatically relevant epidemiologic, behavioral, economic, laboratory, and operational research for TB prevention and control. Our experience may serve as a model for other types of applied health care research. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tuberculosis Control Program, Hawaii Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. RP Katz, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ddk4@cdc.gov; rka3@cdc.gov; jxwing@tb.health.state.hi.us; viva.combs@studmed.uio.no NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1472-9792 J9 TUBERCULOSIS JI Tuberculosis PD JAN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.tube.2005.12.003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System SC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System GA 129DG UT WOS:000243708000001 PM 16895763 ER PT J AU Cheruvu, M Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TM AF Cheruvu, Mani Plikaytis, Bonnie B. Shinnick, Thomas M. TI The acid-induced operon Rv3083-R0089 is required for growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages SO TUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium tuberculosis; macrophage; Rv3083-Rv3089 operon; intracellular growth ID PHAGOSOME MATURATION; MYMA OPERON; GUINEA-PIGS; ACIDIFICATION; PERSISTENCE; CYTOKINES; PROTEINS; ARREST; AVIUM; MODEL AB The R0083-R0089 operon of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to be induced 17-33-fold when tubercle bacilli were exposed in vitro to acidic conditions which may mimic those that the bacilli encounter early during the infection and it is induced during growth in macrophages. To understand the role of this operon in intracellular survival, we constructed a knockout of the operon in the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. No differences were observed in the growth of mutant and wild-type mycobacteria on axenic media. Though the uptake of mutant and wild-type bacteria by eukaryotic cells was similar, the mutant failed to grow subsequently. By 192h postinfection, the fold differences between the wild-type and mutant bacteria were significant thus leading to the conclusion that the mutant is defective for intracellular growth in these cell lines. Complementation of the knockout restored intracellular growth to wild-type Levels. During the first 24-48 h post-infection, mutant bacteria also stimulated production of significantly Less IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, RANTES, and MCP-1 by THP-1 cells than wild-type bacteria. Overall, the data indicate that the operon plays an important role in the ability of A tuberculosis to grow inside host cells. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shinnick, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Mail Stop G35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tms1@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1472-9792 J9 TUBERCULOSIS JI Tuberculosis PD JAN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1016/j.tube.2006.01.021 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System SC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System GA 129DG UT WOS:000243708000003 PM 16893682 ER PT J AU Fu, LM Shinnick, TM AF Fu, Li M. Shinnick, Thomas M. TI Understanding the action of INH on a highly INH-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain using GeneChips SO TUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; INH; isoniazid; drug; resistance; microarray; gene expression; genome ID SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; ISONIAZID RESISTANCE; GENE-EXPRESSION; OUTCOMES; ARRAYS AB The availability of the complete sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome coupled with microarray technology has enabled a high-throughput approach to the pharmacogenomics of this organism. Isoniazid (INH) is a first-line drug for the treatment of tuberculosis and the microarray approach has generated new insight into the action of INH on a drug-susceptible strain. It has also shown that INH does not induce any significant change in gene expression when applied to a catatase-negative INH-resistant strain, which is expected because catalase activity is required to convert the prodrug INH to its active form. But it has yet to be determined how a partially resistant strain responds to INH. In this study, we explore the mechanism of INH against a highly INH-resistant strain, compare drug-induced gene-expression profiles between resistant and susceptible strains, and determine whether or not and how the resistant strain responds to INH at low and high concentrations. The global gene-expression profiles of the resistant strain in response to INH treatments were obtained using the Affymetrix oligonucleotide GeneChips. The results showed that the resistant strain did not exhibit the characteristic gene-expression signature of type II fatty acid synthase (FAS-II) inhibition when exposed to low-level INH, but it responded with that specific pattern under high-level INH, although the response profile was somewhat shrunken relative to that for a susceptible strain. We found that INH acted on the FAS-II pathway in both resistant and susceptible strains, and little evidence suggested that INH might kill resistant bacteria via other mechanisms. This suggests that there may be potential benefit of treating INH-resistant bacteria with INH at a level that is effective and safe. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific Tuberculosis & Canc Res Org, Irvine, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fu, LM (reprint author), Pacific Tuberculosis & Canc Res Org, Irvine, CA USA. EM lifu@patcar.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-080311] NR 22 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1472-9792 J9 TUBERCULOSIS JI Tuberculosis PD JAN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.tube.2006.04.001 PG 8 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System SC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System GA 129DG UT WOS:000243708000008 PM 16890025 ER PT S AU Shaw, CD Dasch, GA Ererneeva, ME AF Shaw, Christopher D. Dasch, Gregory A. Ererneeva, Marina E. BE Ribarsky, W Dill, J TI IMAS: The interactive multigenomic analysis system SO VAST: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, ACM SIGGRAPH DE bioinformatics; visual analytics ID DATABASE AB This paper introduces a new Visual Analysis tool named IMAS (Interactive Multigenomic Analysis System), which combines common analysis tools such as Glimmer, BLAST, and Clustal-W into a unified Visual Analytic framework. IMAS displays the primary DNA sequence being analyzed by the biologist in a highly interactive, zoomable visual display. The user may analyze the sequence in a number of ways, and visualize these analyses in a coherent, sequence aligned form, with all related analysis products grouped together. This enables the user to rapidly perform analyses of DNA sequences without the need for tedious and error-prone cutting and pasting of sequence data from text files to and from web-based databases and data analysis services, as is now common practice. C1 [Shaw, Christopher D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Interact Arts & Technol, Surrey, BC, Canada. [Dasch, Gregory A.; Ererneeva, Marina E.] Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Virol & Rickettsial Zoonoes Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shaw, CD (reprint author), Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Interact Arts & Technol, Surrey, BC, Canada. NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4244-1659-2 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2007 BP 59 EP + DI 10.1109/VAST.2007.4388997 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHB44 UT WOS:000252077300008 ER PT J AU Nel, LH Rupprecht, CE AF Nel, L. H. Rupprecht, C. E. TI Emergence of Lyssaviruses in the old world: The case of Africa SO WILDLIFE AND EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES: THE BIOLOGY, CIRCUMSTANCES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID MOKOLA-VIRUS-INFECTION; LAGOS BAT VIRUS; FATAL HUMAN INFECTION; SKIN-DISEASE VIRUS; RABIES VIRUS; SOUTH-AFRICA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; WILD DOGS; TRAGELAPHUS-STREPSICEROS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES AB Rabies has a long history of occurrence throughout Africa, spanning hundreds of years. At least four distinct Lyssavirus species persist throughout the continent, among carnivores, bats and other mammals. Rabies virus is the most cosmopolitan member, with primary reservoirs within dogs and mongoose, but other wildlife vectors are important in viral maintenance, such as jackals. Besides a prominent toll on humans and domestic animals, the disease has an underappreciated role in conservation biology, especially for such highly endangered fauna as African wild dogs and Ethiopian wolves. Both Duvenhage and Lagos bat viruses are adapted to bats, but their epidemiology, together with Mokola virus, is poorly understood. Significantly, less than ideal crossreactivity with modern biologicals used for veterinary and public health interventions is a major cause for concern among these emerging viral agents. C1 Univ Pretoria, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Retrovirus Dis Branch, Rabies Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nel, LH (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, Dept Microbiol, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. EM louis.nel@up.ac.za RI Nel, Louis/F-1001-2012 NR 105 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2007 VL 315 BP 161 EP 193 PG 33 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BGQ08 UT WOS:000249662900008 PM 17848065 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Yabsley, MJ AF Paddock, C. D. Yabsley, M. J. TI Ecological havoc, the rise of white-tailed deer, and the emergence of Amblyomma americanum - Associated zoonoses in the United States SO WILDLIFE AND EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES: THE BIOLOGY, CIRCUMSTANCES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LONE-STAR TICK; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS RICKETTSIALES; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; HUMAN MONOCYTOTROPIC EHRLICHIOSIS; HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; ERYTHEMA CHRONICUM MIGRANS; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI DNA; IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; NEW-YORK AB Two infectious diseases, and one presumably infectious disease, each vectored by or associated with the bite of the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), were identified and characterized by clinicians and scientists in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s. These three conditions-human monocytic (or monocytotropic) ehrlichiosis (HME), Ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis, and southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI)-undoubtedly existed in the United States prior to this time. However, the near-simultaneous recognition of these diseases is remarkable and suggests the involvement of a unifying process that thrust multiple pathogens into the sphere of human recognition. Previous works by other investigators have emphasized the pivotal role of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the emergence of Lyme disease, human babesiosis, and human granulocytic anaplasmosis. Because whitetails serve as a keystone host for all stages of lone star ticks, and an important reservoir host for Ehrlichia chaffeensis, E. ewingii, and Borrelia lonestari, the near-exponential growth of white-tailed deer populations that occurred in the eastern United States during the twentieth century is likely to have dramatically affected the frequency and distribution of A. americanum-associated zoonoses. This chapter describes the natural histories of the pathogens definitively or putatively associated with HME, E. ewingii ehrlichiosis, and STARI; the role of white-tailed deer as hosts to lone star ticks and the agents of these diseases; and the cascade of ecologic disturbances to the landscape of the United States that have occurred during the last 200 years that provided critical leverage in the proliferation of white-tailed deer, and ultimately resulted in the emergence of these diseases in human populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM cdp9@cdc.gov NR 153 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 7 U2 50 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2007 VL 315 BP 289 EP 324 PG 36 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BGQ08 UT WOS:000249662900012 PM 17848069 ER PT J AU Regnery, RL AF Regnery, R. L. TI Poxviruses and the passive quest for novel hosts SO WILDLIFE AND EMERGING ZOONOTIC DISEASES: THE BIOLOGY, CIRCUMSTANCES AND CONSEQUENCES OF CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID RIO-DE-JANEIRO; MONKEYPOX VIRUS; PRAIRIE DOGS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NORTH-AMERICA; TRANSMISSION; CONGO; SQUIRRELS; INFECTION; SMALLPOX AB Poxviruses are famous, or infamous, as agents of disease introduced into novel host species and between populations of the same species. This discussion concerns selected examples of poxviruses associated with vertebrate infections, i.e., the Chordopoxvirus subfamily of the family Poxviridae. Brief note is made of examples of members of the genera Leporipoxvirus and Parapoxvirus-like agents that have been recognized to have significant trans-host species impact. The remaining bulk of the discussion involves examples of members of the genus Orthopoxvirus, which are known to be (have been) involved with human disease, and their zoonotic origins. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Regnery, RL (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, Mail Stop G-43,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rurl@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2007 VL 315 BP 345 EP 361 PG 17 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BGQ08 UT WOS:000249662900014 PM 17848071 ER PT J AU Cleveland, J Taveras, S Collins, C AF Cleveland, Janet Taveras, Samuel Collins, Charles TI Black women and HIV/AIDS: Epidemiology, risk behaviors, and prevention SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Cleveland, Janet] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Taveras, Samuel] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Capacity Bldg Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. [Collins, Charles] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Applicat Team, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cleveland, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1300/J013v46n02_01 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 247WO UT WOS:000252113500002 ER PT J AU Fasula, AM Miller, KS Wiener, J AF Fasula, Amy M. Miller, Kim S. Wiener, Jeffrey TI The sexual double standard in African American adolescent women's sexual risk reduction socialization SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sexual socialization; sexual risk reduction; African American; adolescent; gender ID PARENTAL COMMUNICATION; CONDOM USE; PREVENTION; FAMILIES; ACCOUNTS; IMPACT AB This Study explored the sexual double standard (SDS) (in which males are afforded more freedom and power than females in heterosexual interactions) in African American mothers' sexual messages to sons and daughters. We used a convenience sample of 129 African American adolescents, aged 14 to 17 years, and their mothers who reported SDS attitudes. Qualitative analyses revealed gender differences based on an SDS in mothers' sexual risk reduction socialization. Mothers typically took a proactive approach with sons and a neutral or prohibitive approach with daughters. Findings provide directions for socially relevant programs for African American parents, schools, and communities. C1 [Fasula, Amy M.; Miller, Kim S.; Wiener, Jeffrey] Emory Univ, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fasula, AM (reprint author), Emory Univ, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afasula@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 3 EP 21 DI 10.1300/J013v46n02_02 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 247WO UT WOS:000252113500003 PM 18160367 ER PT J AU Satcher, AJ Durant, T Hu, XH Dean, HD AF Satcher, Anna J. Durant, Tonji Hu, Xiaohong Dean, Hazel D. TI AIDS cases among women who reported sex with a bisexual man, 2000-2004 - United states SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV infection; women; bisexual men; transmission; race/ethnicity ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; HIV RISK; FEMALE PARTNERS; BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; PATTERNS AB Introduction: Some HIV-infected men who have sex with men also have sex with women. Additionally, some women do not know that they are or have been in a sexual relationship with a bisexual man. Knowledge of their male partner's risks for HIV infection is crucial if reductions in HIV/AIDS are to occur among women. Methods: We examined AIDS diagnosed cases reported to CDC from the 50 states and the District of Columbia, 2000 through 2004, in women aged 13 years and older. Cases were analyzed by transmission category, race/ethnicity, age at diagnosis, and geographic region, and data were adjusted for missing risk factor information and reporting delays. Results: From 2000 through 2004, an estimated 1,576 women (from a total of 35,376 women reported with HIV from heterosexual contact and diagnosed with AIDS) reported sexual contact with a bisexual man (BSXM) as their primary risk factor for HIV infection. Non-Hispanic blacks accounted for the majority (62.8%) of cases, followed by non-Hispanic whites (20.5%) and Hispanics (14.8%). The average AIDS rate attributed to sex with a BSXM differed significantly by race/ethnicity (p < 0.01), with the rate for non-Hispanic black women 13 times the rate for non-Hispanic whites and 4 times the rate for Hispanics. Sexual contact with a BSXM accounted for 6.3% of AIDS cases among non-Hispanic white women with heterosexually acquired HIV compared to 4.4% among Hispanics and 4.0% among non-Hispanic blacks. Conclusions: The proportion of AIDS cases among women attributed to sex with a BSXM was similar across races/ethnicities; however, rates were highest among non-Hispanic black women. Because some women were unaware of their male partner's risk for HIV infection, the number of women with AIDS who had a bisexual partner was probably under-reported. HIV prevention programs should provide information on risks of sex with BSXM, as many women may not be fully aware of their risks for acquiring HIV infection. C1 [Satcher, Anna J.; Durant, Tonji; Hu, Xiaohong] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Satcher, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Stop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ats5@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 23 EP 40 DI 10.1300/J013v46n02_03 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 247WO UT WOS:000252113500004 PM 18160368 ER PT J AU Sharpe, TT Fuller, TR Prather, CE King, W Durant, TM Scott, KD AF Sharpe, Tanya Telfair Fuller, Taleria R. Prather, Cynthia E. King, Winifred Durant, Tonji M. Scott, Karla D. TI Black women and HIV/AIDS: Epidemiology, risk behaviors, and prevention SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sharpe, Tanya Telfair] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Fuller, Taleria R.] T R Fuller Consulting, Lawrenceville, GA 30044 USA. [Prather, Cynthia E.; King, Winifred; Durant, Tonji M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Scott, Karla D.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RP Sharpe, TT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP XXV EP XXXI PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 247WO UT WOS:000252113500001 ER PT J AU Wingood, GM DiClemente, RJ Mikhail, I McCree, DH Davies, SL Hardin, JW Peterson, SH Hook, EW Saag, M AF Wingood, Gina M. DiClemente, Ralph J. Mikhail, Isis McCree, Donna Hubbard Davies, Susan L. Hardin, James W. Peterson, Shani Harris Hook, Edward W. Saag, Mike TI HIV discrimination and the health of women living with HIV SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HIV discrimination; women ID GENDER DISCRIMINATION; RISK-FACTORS; STIGMA; MEN; CARDIA; AIDS AB Women living, with HIV are especially vulnerable to discrimination because of the stigma associated with the disease, as well as their race, gender and class status. To investigate the association between self-reported HIV discrimination and health outcomes among African-American and white women living with HIV, 366 women living with HIV were recruited from HIV/AIDS clinics in Georgia and Alabama. In this cross-sectional study, participants completed an interview that assessed self-reported HIV discrimination and depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideation, self-esteem, stress, quality of life, sexual health and HIV/AIDS related health care seeking. Nearly-a sixth of the sample reported experiencing HIV discrimination. Women reporting HIV discrimination had higher mean scores for stress, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, number of unprotected sexual episodes; they had lower mean scores for self-esteem, and quality of life, and were more likely to have not sought medical care for HIV/AIDS. In race-specific analyses, none of the relationships between HIV discrimination and health outcomes were significant for white women. African-American women who reported HIV discrimination had higher mean scores for stress, suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, number of unprotected sexual episodes: they had lower mean scores for self-esteem, and quality of life, and were more likely not to have Sought medical care for HIV/AIDS. The findings indicated that HIV discrimination adversely affects women's mental, sexual and physical health. However. separate race-specific analyses indicated that compared to white women, African-American women were markedly more likely to experience the adverse affects of HIV discrimination. Eradication of HIV discrimination remains an important public health priority. C1 [Wingood, Gina M.; DiClemente, Ralph J.; Peterson, Shani Harris] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Wingood, Gina M.; DiClemente, Ralph J.] Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Emory Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [DiClemente, Ralph J.] Emory Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Mikhail, Isis] NCI, US Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. [McCree, Donna Hubbard] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Davies, Susan L.] Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. [Hardin, James W.] Univ So Calif, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Hook, Edward W.] Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Wingood, GM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, 1518 Clifton Rd,NE,BSHE Room 556, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM gwingoo@sph.ernory.edu RI Hardin, James/Q-7617-2016 OI Hardin, James/0000-0003-0506-5500 NR 26 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 11 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 99 EP 112 DI 10.1300/J013v46n02_07 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 247WO UT WOS:000252113500008 PM 18160372 ER PT J AU Sharpe, TT Glassman, M Collins, C AF Sharpe, Tanya Telfair Glassman, Marlene Collins, Charles TI The use of epidemiologic and other data in selecting behavioral HIV prevention interventions for African-American women SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE evidence-based behavioral interventions; epidemiological profile; comprehensive risk profile; heterosexual risk; data sources; qualitative data; quantitative data ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION; DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; HIV/AIDS; PEOPLE; AIDS AB We describe a "research to practice". method by which public health policymakers and HIV prevention service providers can integrate the findings of national surveillance with other sources of public health data. We Suggest developing a comprehensive risk profile, based on multiple Sources of data, to inform the selection and implementation of evidence-based behavioral interventions (EBIs) for African-American women. C1 [Sharpe, Tanya Telfair] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth Disparities, Off Director, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Glassman, Marlene] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Program Branch, Div HIV AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Collins, Charles] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Applicat Team, Div HIV AIDS,Capac Bldg Branch, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Sharpe, TT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth Disparities, Off Director, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 145 EP 166 DI 10.1300/J013v46n02_10 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 247WO UT WOS:000252113500011 PM 18160375 ER PT J AU Fuller, TR Brown, M King, W Prather, C Cazaubon, J Mack, J Russell, B AF Fuller, Taleria R. Brown, Mari King, Winifred Prather, Cynthia Cazaubon, Janine Mack, Justin Russell, Brandi TI The SISTA pilot project: Understanding the training and technical assistance needs of community-based organizations implementing HIV prevention interventions for African American women - Implications for a capacity building strategy SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE women; African American women; capacity building; technical assistance; HIV/AIDS; HIV prevention; science-based ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; SEXUAL RISK; TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER; SERVICE PROVIDERS; MINORITY WOMEN; PROGRAMS; SCIENCE; GENDER; ABUSE AB The disproportionate rates of HIV/AIDS among African American women in the U.S. signify the ongoing need for targeted HIV prevention interventions. Additionally, building the capacity of service providers to sustain prevention efforts is a major concern. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a pilot project to disseminate the Sisters Informing Sisters about Topics on AIDS (SISTA), an HIV prevention intervention designed for African American women. The project was to inform the diffusion process and examine the training and technical assistance needs of participating community-based organizations. Results demonstrated a need for extensive pre-planning and skills-building prior to implementation. C1 [Fuller, Taleria R.] T R Fuller Consulting, Lawrenceville, GA 30044 USA. [Brown, Mari; King, Winifred; Prather, Cynthia] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Capacity Bldg Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fuller, TR (reprint author), T R Fuller Consulting, 1738 Veranda Chase Dr, Lawrenceville, GA 30044 USA. EM drtrf@hotmail.com; mkbl@cdc.gov; wdg2@cdc.gov; cdp2@cdc.gov; janinecaz@hotmail.com; jmack7458@yahoo.com; branditrussell@gmail.com NR 50 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 7 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 167 EP 186 DI 10.1300/J013v46n02_11 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 247WO UT WOS:000252113500012 PM 18160376 ER PT J AU Sharpe, TT Fuller, TR Prather, CE King, W Durant, TM Scott, KD AF Sharpe, Tanya Telfair Fuller, Taleria R. Prather, Cynthia E. King, Winifred Durant, Tonji M. Scott, Karla D. TI End note: Summary SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Sharpe, Tanya Telfair] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. [Fuller, Taleria R.] T R Fuller Consulting, Lawrenceville, GA USA. [Prather, Cynthia E.; King, Winifred; Durant, Tonji M.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Scott, Karla D.] St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63108 USA. RP Sharpe, TT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2007 VL 46 IS 2-3 BP 187 EP 188 DI 10.1300/J013v46n02_12 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 247WO UT WOS:000252113500013 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE Signorielli, N AF Nelson, David E. Signorielli, Nancy TI Reporter sex and newspaper coverage of the adverse health effects of hormone therapy SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE mass media; estrogen replacement therapy; women's health ID UP HERS-II; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; ESTROGEN/PROGESTIN REPLACEMENT; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DISEASE OUTCOMES; TRIAL; HEART AB Women have used hormone therapy (HT) to relieve menopausal symptoms for decades. Major studies published in JAMA in July 2002 demonstrated adverse health effects from hormone therapy, and the National Institutes of Health halted the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial several years early. We conducted a content analysis of 10 U.S. newspapers in July and August 2002 to examine the role of reporter sex on news coverage on HT. We found substantial sex differences in reporting about HT. Female reporters were much more likely than male reporters to include a self-help frame (66.7% vs. 30.8/0, p = 0.002). Female reporters were also much more likely to use women in the public as sources in HT-related articles (33.9% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.039). Reporter sex may play a role in the selection and content of health news articles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Commun, Newark, DE 19716 USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM den2@cdc.gov; nancys@udel.edu NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2007 VL 45 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1300/J013v45n01_01 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 190ZM UT WOS:000248099400001 PM 17613459 ER PT J AU Kraft, JM Harvey, SM Thorburn, S Henderson, JT Posner, SF Galavotti, C AF Kraft, Joan Marie Harvey, S. Marie Thorburn, Sheryl Henderson, Jillian T. Posner, Samuel F. Galavotti, Christine TI Intervening with couples - Assessing contraceptive outcomes in a randomized pregnancy and HIV/STD risk reduction intervention trial SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID CONDOM USE; REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH; RELATIONSHIP POWER; HIV PREVENTION; WOMEN; PREDICTORS AB Purpose: This study assessed the contraceptive outcomes of the Partners Against Risk-Taking: A Networking, Evaluation and Research Study (PARTNERS). The PARTNERS project developed and evaluated a 3-session intervention to help young women and their male partners reduce their risk for unintended pregnancies, and HIV and other STDs. Methods: Participating couples were randomly assigned to the 3-session intervention or a 1-session information session for couples. Changes in psychosocial factors related to women's motivation to use contraception and relationship factors were assessed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. Changes in contraceptive outcomes were assessed using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. Results: Comparison of changes from baseline to 6 months among women who participated in the 3-session intervention with those who participated in the information session showed no significant intervention effect on reports of contraceptive use. Instead, contraceptive use increased in both conditions. Both groups exhibited similar changes in the psychosocial variable measuring the importance of avoiding pregnancy and in the relationship variable measuring women's participation in contraceptive decision making. Members of the intervention group, however, showed greater improvement in the psychosocial variable measuring positive expectations pertaining to partner's support for contraception. Conclusion: These findings raise questions for further investigation to better understand couples behavior, and whether and how to intervene with couples. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Bixby Ctr Reprod Hlth Res & Policy, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Kraft, JM (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jik4@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X FU PHS HHS [U30/CCU 615166-1-0, U30/CCU 915062-1-0] NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 52 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2006.10.006 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 145QC UT WOS:000244878600008 PM 17321948 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, C Tu, ZC Lawson, AJ Pruckler, J van Bergen, MA Steigerwalt, A Smith, J Dingle, K Fields, PI Wagenaar, JA Blaser, MJ AF Fitzgerald, C. Tu, Z. C. Lawson, A. J. Pruckler, J. van Bergen, M. A. Steigerwalt, A. Smith, J. Dingle, K. Fields, P. I. Wagenaar, J. A. Blaser, M. J. TI Polyphasic taxonomic analysis of human Campylobacter fetus strains with markers of reptile origin SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fitzgerald, C.; Pruckler, J.; Steigerwalt, A.; Smith, J.; Fields, P. I.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Tu, Z. C.; Blaser, M. J.] New York Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Lawson, A. J.] Hlth Protect Agncy, London, England. [van Bergen, M. A.] Anim Sci Grp, Lelystad, Netherlands. [Dingle, K.] John Radcliffe Hosp, Oxford, England. [Wagenaar, J. A.] Univ Utrecht, Fac Med Vet, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 SU 1 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 225LK UT WOS:000250519200021 ER PT J AU Demma, LJ Hurd, S Tong, X Hatch, J Hanna, S Shin, S Segler, S Kiehlbauch, J Cronquist, A Hoefer, D Laine, E Griffin, PM Fitzgerald, C AF Demma, L. J. Hurd, S. Tong, X. Hatch, J. Hanna, S. Shin, S. Segler, S. Kiehlbauch, J. Cronquist, A. Hoefer, D. Laine, E. Griffin, P. M. Fitzgerald, C. TI Trends in incidence of Campylobacter in the United States, FoodNet, 1996-2006 SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Demma, L. J.; Tong, X.; Griffin, P. M.; Fitzgerald, C.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hurd, S.] Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Hatch, J.] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Hanna, S.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Shin, S.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. [Segler, S.] Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kiehlbauch, J.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Menta, Baltimore, MD USA. [Cronquist, A.] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Hoefer, D.] New York City Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Laine, E.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 SU 1 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 225LK UT WOS:000250519200129 ER PT J AU Demma, LJ Hurd, S Tong, X Hatch, J Hanna, S Shin, S Segler, S Kiehlbauch, J Cronquist, A Hoefer, D Laine, E Griffin, PM Fitzgerald, C AF Demma, L. J. Hurd, S. Tong, X. Hatch, J. Hanna, S. Shin, S. Segler, S. Kiehlbauch, J. Cronquist, A. Hoefer, D. Laine, E. Griffin, P. M. Fitzgerald, C. TI Clinical laboratory practices for the isolation and identification of Campylobacter in FoodNet sites SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Demma, L. J.; Tong, X.; Griffin, P. M.; Fitzgerald, C.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Hurd, S.] Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Hatch, J.] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Hanna, S.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Shin, S.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. [Segler, S.] Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Kiehlbauch, J.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. [Cronquist, A.] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Hoefer, D.] New York City Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Laine, E.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 SU 1 BP 41 EP 41 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 225LK UT WOS:000250519200130 ER PT J AU Demma, LJ Tong, X Shin, S Hurd, S Hatch, J Cronquist, A Hanna, S Edge, K Tobin-D'Angelo, M Medus, C Hoefer, D Blythe, D Angulo, F AF Demma, L. J. Tong, X. Shin, S. Hurd, S. Hatch, J. Cronquist, A. Hanna, S. Edge, K. Tobin-D'Angelo, M. Medus, C. Hoefer, D. Blythe, D. Angulo, F. TI Campylobacter species in FoodNet and NARMS 1997-2004: Is the incidence of Campylobacter coli infection increasing? SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Demma, L. J.; Tong, X.; Angulo, F.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. [Shin, S.] Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. [Hurd, S.] Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. [Hatch, J.] Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. [Cronquist, A.] Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. [Hanna, S.] Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. [Edge, K.] New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. [Tobin-D'Angelo, M.] Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. [Medus, C.] Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Hoefer, D.] New York City Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. [Blythe, D.] Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 SU 1 BP 41 EP 42 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 225LK UT WOS:000250519200131 ER PT J AU Medalla, F Whichard, JM Smith, J Stuart, A Joyce, K Hoekstra, RM Barzilay, EJ AF Medalla, F. Whichard, J. M. Smith, J. Stuart, A. Joyce, K. Hoekstra, R. M. Barzilay, E. J. TI Ciprofloxacin and erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C-coli in the United States, NARMS, 1997-2004 SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Medalla, F.; Whichard, J. M.; Hoekstra, R. M.; Barzilay, E. J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Smith, J.; Stuart, A.] CDC, AREF, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 SU 1 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 225LK UT WOS:000250519200143 ER PT J AU Joyce, K Smith, JL Medalla, F Barzilay, EJ Whichard, JM AF Joyce, K. Smith, J. L. Medalla, F. Barzilay, E. J. Whichard, J. M. TI Comparison of broth microdilution and Etest for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System human clinical Campylobacter isolates (2005) SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Joyce, K.; Smith, J. L.] AREF, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Medalla, F.; Barzilay, E. J.; Whichard, J. M.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 SU 1 BP 47 EP 47 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 225LK UT WOS:000250519200150 ER PT J AU Stroika, SG Hise, K Fields, PI Fitzgerald, C AF Stroika, S. G. Hise, K. Fields, P. I. Fitzgerald, C. TI PulseNet outbreak-associated Campylobacter jejuni SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stroika, S. G.; Hise, K.; Fields, P. I.; Fitzgerald, C.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 SU 1 BP 48 EP 48 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 225LK UT WOS:000250519200152 ER PT J AU Dingle, KE Blaser, MJ Tu, ZC Pruckler, J Fitzgerald, C Van Bergen, MA Lawson, AJ Owen, RJ Wagenaar, JA AF Dingle, K. E. Blaser, M. J. Tu, Z. C. Pruckler, J. Fitzgerald, C. Van Bergen, M. A. Lawson, A. J. Owen, R. J. Wagenaar, J. A. TI Characterization of Campylobacter fetus strains originating in reptiles and closely related human strains by multilocus sequence typing SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dingle, K. E.] Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. [Blaser, M. J.; Tu, Z. C.] NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Pruckler, J.; Fitzgerald, C.] CDC, Enter Dis Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. [Van Bergen, M. A.; Wagenaar, J. A.] Anim Sci Grp, Lelystad, Netherlands. [Lawson, A. J.; Owen, R. J.] Hlth Protect Agcy, Lab Enter Infect, London, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 SU 1 BP 76 EP 76 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 225LK UT WOS:000250519200252 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, C Dingle, K Tu, ZC Pruckler, J Van Bergen, MA Blaser, MJ Wagenaar, JA AF Fitzgerald, C. Dingle, K. Tu, Z. C. Pruckler, J. Van Bergen, M. A. Blaser, M. J. Wagenaar, J. A. TI Multilocus sequence typing of human Campylobacter fetus strains SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fitzgerald, C.; Pruckler, J.] CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dingle, K.] John Radcliffe Hosp, Oxford, England. [Tu, Z. C.; Blaser, M. J.] New York Sch Med, New York, NY USA. [Van Bergen, M. A.; Wagenaar, J. A.] Anim Sci Grp, Lelystad, Netherlands. [Wagenaar, J. A.] Univ Utrecht, NL-3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 SU 1 BP 82 EP 83 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 225LK UT WOS:000250519200276 ER PT J AU Pruckler, JM Fields, PI Fitzgerald, C AF Pruckler, J. M. Fields, P. I. Fitzgerald, C. TI Composite analysis of the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Campylobacter concisus SO ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pruckler, J. M.; Fields, P. I.; Fitzgerald, C.] Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1863-1959 J9 ZOONOSES PUBLIC HLTH JI Zoonoses Public Health PY 2007 VL 54 SU 1 BP 82 EP 82 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA 225LK UT WOS:000250519200275 ER PT J AU Halpin, HA McMenamin, SB Cella, CA Husten, CG Rosenthal, A AF Halpin, H. A. McMenamin, S. B. Cella, C. A. Husten, C. G. Rosenthal, Abby TI State Medicaid coverage for tobacco-dependence treatments - United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1193-1197, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth & Publ Policy Studies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Halpin, HA (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth & Publ Policy Studies, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 24 BP 2917 EP 2919 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 120FD UT WOS:000243069000010 ER PT J AU Pan, L Mukhtar, Q Geiss, SL Rivera, M Alfaro-Correa, A Sniegowski, R AF Pan, L. Mukhtar, Q. Geiss, S. L. Rivera, M. Alfaro-Correa, A. Sniegowski, R. TI Self-rated fair or poor health among adults with diabetes - United States, 1996-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1224-1227, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; SURVEILLANCE C1 CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pan, L (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 24 BP 2919 EP 2920 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 120FD UT WOS:000243069000011 ER PT J AU Maurice, E Thorne, S Ajani, U Malarcher, A Merritt, R Husten, C AF Maurice, E. Thorne, S. Ajani, U. Malarcher, A. Merritt, R. Husten, C. TI State-specific prevalence of current cigarette smoking among adults and secondhand smoke rules and policies in homes and workplaces - United States, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1148-1151, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Maurice, E (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 23 BP 2792 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116TR UT WOS:000242826400011 ER PT J AU Pourmand, N Diamond, L Garten, R Erickson, JP Kumm, J Donis, RO Davis, RW AF Pourmand, Nader Diamond, Lisa Garten, Rebecca Erickson, Julianna P. Kumm, Jochen Donis, Ruben O. Davis, Ronald W. TI Rapid and Highly Informative Diagnostic Assay for H5N1 Influenza Viruses SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB A highly discriminative and information-rich diagnostic assay for H5N1 avian influenza would meet immediate patient care needs and provide valuable information for public health interventions, e. g., tracking of new and more dangerous variants by geographic area as well as avian-to-human or human-to-human transmission. In the present study, we have designed a rapid assay based on multilocus nucleic acid sequencing that focuses on the biologically significant regions of the H5N1 hemagglutinin gene. This allows the prediction of viral strain, clade, receptor binding properties, low-or high-pathogenicity cleavage site and glycosylation status. H5 HA genes were selected from nine known high-pathogenicity avian influenza subtype H5N1 viruses, based on their diversity in biologically significant regions of hemagglutinin and/or their ability to cause infection in humans. We devised a consensus pre-programmed pyrosequencing strategy, which may be used as a faster, more accurate alternative to de novo sequencing. The available data suggest that the assay described here is a reliable, rapid, information-rich and cost-effective approach for definitive diagnosis of H5N1 avian influenza. Knowledge of the predicted functional sequences of the HA will enhance H5N1 avian influenza surveillance efforts. C1 [Pourmand, Nader; Diamond, Lisa; Erickson, Julianna P.; Kumm, Jochen; Davis, Ronald W.] Stanford Univ, Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Garten, Rebecca; Donis, Ruben O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Virol & Vaccines Branch, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pourmand, N (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Stanford Genome Technol Ctr, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM pourmand@stanford.edu FU National Institutes of Health [1R21 A1059499- 01, PO1-HG000205] FX National Institutes of Health, 1R21 A1059499- 01 and PO1-HG000205 NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 1 IS 1 AR e95 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0000095 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA V10DB UT WOS:000207443600094 PM 17183727 ER PT J AU Levin, TR Zhao, W Conell, C Seeff, LC Manninen, DL Shapiro, JA Schulman, J AF Levin, Theodore R. Zhao, Wei Conell, Carol Seeff, Laura C. Manninen, Diane L. Shapiro, Jean A. Schulman, Jane TI Complications of colonoscopy in an integrated health care delivery system SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; COLORECTAL-CANCER; COLONIC POLYPS; TASK-FORCE; PERFORATIONS; MANAGEMENT; OUTCOMES; RECOMMENDATIONS; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; GUIDELINES AB Background: Information about colonoscopy complications, particularly postpolypectomy bleeding, is limited. Objective: To quantify the magnitude and severity of colonoscopy complications. Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting: Kaiser Permanente of Northern California. Patients: 16 318 members 40 years of age or older undergoing colonoscopy between January 1994 and July 2002. Measurements: Electronic records reviewed for serious complications, including hospital admission within 30 days of colonoscopy for colonic perforation, colonic bleeding, diverticulitis, the postpolypectomy syndrome, or other serious illnesses directly related to colonoscopy. Results: 82 serious complications occurred (5.0 per 1000 colonescopies [95% Cl, 4.0 to 6.2 per 1000 colonoscopies]). Serious complications occurred in 0.8 per 1000 colonoscopies without biopsy or polypectomy and in 7.0 per 1000 colonoscopies with biopsy or polypectomy. Perforations occurred in 0.9 per 1000 colonoscopies (Cl, 0.5 to 1.5 per 1000 colonoscopies) (0.6 per 1000 without biopsy or polypectomy and 1.1 per 1000 with biopsy or polypectomy). Postbiopsy or postpolypectomy bleeding occurred in 4.8 per 1000 colonoscopies with biopsy (Cl, 3.6 to 6.2 per 1000 colonescopies). Biopsy or polypectomy was associated with an increased risk for any serious complication (rate ratio, 9.2 [Cl, 2.9 to 29.01 vs. colonoscopy without biopsy). Ten deaths (1 attributable to colonoscopy) occurred within 30 days of the colonoscopy. Limitations: 99.3% (16 204) of colonoscopies were nonscreening examinations. The rate of complications may be lower in a primary screening sample. The small number of observed adverse events limited power to detect risk factors for complications. Conclusions: Colonoscopy with biopsy or polypectomy is associated with increased risk for complications. Perforation may also occur during colonoscopies without biopsies. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Med Care Program, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levin, TR (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Med Care Program, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM Theodore.Levin@kp.org NR 30 TC 250 Z9 259 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 12 BP 880 EP 886 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 120BB UT WOS:000243057400002 PM 17179057 ER PT J AU Wilkins, EE Howell, PI Benedict, MQ AF Wilkins, Elien E. Howell, Paul I. Benedict, Mark Q. TI IMP PCR primers detect single nucleotide polymorphisms for Anopheles gambiae species identification, Mopti and Savanna rDNA types, and resistance to dieldrin in Anopheles arabiensis SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MALARIA VECTOR; COMPLEX; MOSQUITOS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; DIFFERENTIATION; INSECTICIDE; FIPRONIL; FORMS AB Background: Polymerase chain reactions to distinguish single-nucleotide polymorphisms are commonly used for mosquito identification and identifying insecticide resistance alleles. However, the existing methods used for primer design often result in analyses that are not robust or require additional steps. Methods: Utilizing oligonucleotides that are unique in having an intentional mismatch to both templates three bases from the SNP at the 3-prime end, three new PCR assays that distinguish SNP targets using standard gel electrophoresis of undigested DNA fragments were developed and tested. These were applied to: ( 1) an alternative ribosomal DNA PCR assay to distinguish five members of the Anopheles gambiae complex; ( 2) detection of the Mopti and Savanna rDNA types; and ( 3) an assay to distinguish resistance to dieldrin (Rdl) alleles in Anopheles arabiensis. Results: Reproducible specific amplification of the target alleles was observed in all three assays. The results were consistent with existing analyses but proved simpler and the results more distinct in our hands. Conclusion: The simplicity and effectiveness of the method should be utilized in these and other PCR analyses to increase their specificity and simplicity. These results have the potential to be extended not only to mosquito analyses but also to parasite and human polymorphisms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. AREF, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Benedict, MQ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-42, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM EWilkins@cdc.gov; PHowell1@cdc.gov; MBenedict@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-85355]; NIDA NIH HHS [N01AI85355] NR 23 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 5 AR 125 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-5-125 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 129HK UT WOS:000243719200001 PM 17177993 ER PT J AU Hadjichristodoulou, C Mouchtouri, V Vaitsi, V Kapoula, C Vousoureli, A Kalivitis, I Chervoni, J Papastergiou, P Vasilogiannakopoulos, A Daniilidis, VD Kremastinou, J AF Hadjichristodoulou, Christos Mouchtouri, Varvara Vaitsi, Vasiliki Kapoula, Christina Vousoureli, Anastasia Kalivitis, Isidiros Chervoni, Julia Papastergiou, Panagiotis Vasilogiannakopoulos, Antonios Daniilidis, Vasilis D. Kremastinou, Jenny TI Management of environmental health issues for the 2004 Athens Olympic Games: is enhanced integrated environmental health surveillance needed in every day routine operation? SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; FOODBORNE DISEASE; SHIGELLOSIS; PREVENTION; EXPERIENCE; OUTBREAK AB Background: Management of environmental health issues is an integral part of public health systems. An active integrated environmental health surveillance and response system was developed for the Athens Olympics to monitor and prevent exposure to environmental hazards. The potential for permanent implementation of the program was examined. Methods: The environmental health surveillance and response system included standardization, computerization and electronic transmission of data concerning environmental inspections of 17 site categories ( restaurants, swimming pools etc) of public health interest, drinking and recreational water examinations and suggested corrective actions. The Olympic Planning Unit integrated and centrally managed data from 13 public health agencies, recommended, supervised and coordinated prompt corrective actions. Methods used to test the effectiveness of the program were the assessment of water quality test and inspection results trends over time using linear regression and epidemiological surveillance findings. Results: Between January 2003 and September the 30th, 2004, 196 inspectors conducted 8562 inspections, collected 5024 water samples and recommended 17 027 corrective actions. In 10 cruise ships used as floating hotels inspectors conducted 10 full inspections, 2 re-inspections, and 27 follow-up inspections. Unsatisfactory inspection results ( r = 0.44, p < 0.0001) and positive water quality tests ( r = 0.39, p < 0.001) presented an overall decrease trend over time. In August, 2003, an outbreak of salmonellosis was linked to a hotel restaurant which accommodated athletes during a test event. Conclusion: Lessons learned for future events include timely implementation and installation of communication processes, and rapid and coordinated response to unsatisfactory inspection results. Routine national programs need to adopt enhanced environmental health surveillance aimed at public health decision-making, but with a different perspective. C1 Univ Thessaly, Fac Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Larisa, Greece. Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Olymp Planning Unit, Athens, Greece. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, VSP, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hadjichristodoulou, C (reprint author), Univ Thessaly, Fac Med, Dept Hyg & Epidemiol, Larisa, Greece. EM xhatzi@med.uth.gr; mouchtourib@med.uth.gr; vvaitsi@gmail.gr; christinak@mycosmos.gr; v1anastasia@hotmail.com; ikalivitis@med.uth.gr; uzc1@cdc.gov; ppapastergiou@med.uth.gr; avasilog@med.uth.gr; mikrethe@compulink.gr; jkrem@forthnet.gr NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 18 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 306 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-6-306 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 129FY UT WOS:000243715200002 PM 17176469 ER PT J AU Aziz, MA Wright, A Laszlo, A De Muynck, A Portaels, F Van Deun, A Wells, C Nunn, P Blanc, L Raviglione, M AF Aziz, Mohamed Abdel Wright, Abigail Laszlo, Adalbert De Muynck, Aime Portaels, Francois Van Deun, Armand Wells, Charles Nunn, Paul Blanc, Leopold Raviglione, Mario CA WHO Int Union Against Tub TI Epidemiology of antituberculosis drug resistance (the Global Project on Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance): an updated analysis SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULOSIS-CONTROL; MYCOBACTERIA; SENSITIVITY; HEALTH; TRENDS AB Background The burden of tuberculosis is compounded by drug-resistant forms of the disease. This study aimed to analyse data on antituberculosis drug resistance gathered by the WHO and International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Global Project on Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance. Methods Data on drug susceptibility testing for four antituberculosis drugs-isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin-were gathered in the third round of the Global Project (1999-2002) from surveys or ongoing surveillance in 79 countries or geographical settings. These data were combined with those from the first two rounds of the project and analyses were done. Countries that participated followed a standardised set of guidelines to ensure comparability both between and within countries. Findings The median prevalence of resistance to any of the four antituberculosis drugs in new cases of tuberculosis identified in 76 countries or geographical settings was 10.2% (range 0.0-57.1). The median prevalence of multidrug resistance in new cases was 1.0% (range 0.0-14.2). Kazakhstan, Tomsk Oblast (Russia), Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan), Estonia, Israel, the Chinese provinces Liaoning and Henan, Lithuania, and Latvia reported prevalence of multidrug resistance above 6.5%. Trend analysis showed a significant increase in the prevalence of multidrug resistance in new cases in Tomsk Oblast (p<0.0001). Hong Kong (p=0.01) and the USA (p=0.0002) reported significant decreasing trends in multidrug resistance in new cases of tuberculosis. Interpretation Multidrug resistance represents a serious challenge for tuberculosis control in countries of the former Soviet Union and in some provinces of China. Gaps in coverage of the Global Project are substantial, and baseline information is urgently required from several countries with high tuberculosis burden to develop appropriate control interventions. C1 WHO, Stop TB Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Inst Trop Med Prince Leopold, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Raviglione, M (reprint author), WHO, Stop TB Dept, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM raviglionem@who.int RI ROBERT, Jerome/C-3993-2011 OI ROBERT, Jerome/0000-0002-9380-0570 NR 38 TC 210 Z9 233 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 16 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9553 BP 2142 EP 2154 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69863-2 PG 13 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 117EZ UT WOS:000242856900022 PM 17174706 ER PT J AU Hill, DR Ericsson, CD Pearson, RD Keystone, JS Freedman, DO Kozarsky, PE DuPont, HL Bia, FJ Fischer, PR Ryan, ET AF Hill, David R. Ericsson, Charles D. Pearson, Richard D. Keystone, Jay S. Freedman, David O. Kozarsky, Phyllis E. DuPont, Herbert L. Bia, Frank J. Fischer, Philip R. Ryan, Edward T. TI The Practice of Travel Medicine: Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ACUTE MOUNTAIN-SICKNESS; HEPATITIS-A VACCINE; IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HIGH-ALTITUDE ILLNESS; YELLOW-FEVER VACCINE; ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS VACCINE; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Natl Travel Hlth Network & Ctr, London WC1E 7HT, England. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1E 7HT, England. Univ Toronto, Dept Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Toronto Gen Hosp, Ctr Travel & Trop Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, St Lukes Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect Dis, Houston, TX USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Dept Med, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis & Int Hlth, Dept Pathol, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Epidemiol, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Div Gen Pediat & Adolescent Med, Rochester, MN USA. Mayo Eugenio Litta Childrens Hosp, Mayo Clin, Rochester, MN USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Trop & Geog Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Hill, DR (reprint author), Hosp Trop Dis, Natl Travel Hlth Network & Ctr, Mortimer Market Ctr, Capper St, London WC1E 6AU, England. EM david.hill@uclh.org NR 377 TC 110 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1499 EP 1539 DI 10.1086/508782 PG 41 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 106UD UT WOS:000242126300001 PM 17109284 ER PT J AU Glaser, CA Honarmand, S Anderson, LJ Schnurr, DP Forghani, B Cossen, CK Schuster, FL Christie, LJ Tureen, JH AF Glaser, C. A. Honarmand, S. Anderson, L. J. Schnurr, D. P. Forghani, B. Cossen, C. K. Schuster, F. L. Christie, L. J. Tureen, J. H. TI Beyond viruses: Clinical profiles and etiologies associated with encephalitis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HERPES-SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS; VIRAL ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS AB Background. Encephalitis is a complex syndrome, and its etiology is often not identified. The California Encephalitis Project was initiated in 1998 to identify the causes and further describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of encephalitis. Methods. A standardized report form was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and respiratory specimens were obtained prospectively and were tested for the presence of herpesviruses, arboviruses, enteroviruses, measles, respiratory viruses, Chlamydia species, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The association between an identified infection and encephalitis was defined using predetermined, organism-specific criteria for confirmed, probable, or possible causes. Results. From 1998 through 2005, a total of 1570 patients were enrolled. Given the large number of patients, subgroups of patients with similar clinical characteristics and laboratory findings were identified. Ten clinical profiles were described. A confirmed or probable etiologic agent was identified for 16% of cases of encephalitis: 69% of these agents were viral; 20%, bacterial; 7%, prion; 3%, parasitic; and 1%, fungal. An additional 13% of cases had a possible etiology identified. Many of the agents classified as possible causes are suspected but have not yet been definitively demonstrated to cause encephalitis; these agents include M. pneumoniae (n = 96), influenza virus (n = 22), adenovirus (n = 14), Chlamydia species (n = 10), and human metapneumovirus (n =4). A noninfectious etiology was identified for 8% of cases, and no etiology was found for 63% of cases. Conclusions. Although the etiology of encephalitis remains unknown in most cases, the recognition of discrete clinical profiles among patients with encephalitis should help focus our efforts toward understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, course, and management of this complex syndrome. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glaser, CA (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Dept Hlth Serv, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM cglaser@dhs.ca.gov FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU915546-09] NR 23 TC 205 Z9 211 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1565 EP 1577 DI 10.1086/509330 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 106UD UT WOS:000242126300007 PM 17109290 ER PT J AU Steinmuller, N Demma, L Bender, JB Eidson, M Angulo, FJ AF Steinmuller, Nicole Demma, Linda Bender, Jeff B. Eidson, Millicent Angulo, Frederick J. TI Outbreaks of enteric disease associated with animal contact: Not just a foodborne problem anymore SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157; DAIRY FARM; INFECTIONS; CATTLE; CALVES; VISITORS; SURFACES; CHILDREN AB In the past 10 years, an increasing number of outbreaks of enteric disease associated with animals in public settings, such as fairs and petting zoos, have been reported. Fifty-five of these outbreaks that occurred in the United States during 1991 2005 are reviewed in this article. Lessons learned from these outbreaks and recommendations for prevention are also discussed. Physicians should be aware of this important public health problem and play an active role in prevention of human illness associated with animals in public settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Demma, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Mailstop D63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ldemma@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 5 U2 13 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1596 EP 1602 DI 10.1086/509576 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 106UD UT WOS:000242126300012 PM 17109295 ER PT J AU Saiyasitpanich, P Keener, TC Lu, MM Khang, SJ Evans, DE AF Saiyasitpanich, Phirun Keener, Tim C. Lu, Mingming Khang, Soon-Jai Evans, Douglas E. TI Collection of ultrafine diesel particulate matter (DPM) in cylindrical single-stage wet electrostatic precipitators SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LOW-PRESSURE IMPACTOR; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; FINE PARTICLES; EXHAUST; EFFICIENCY; EMISSIONS; GENERATOR; ENGINES; ELPI AB Long-term exposures to diesel particulate matter (DPM) emissions are linked to increasing adverse human health effects due to the potential association of DPM with carcinogenicity. Current diesel vehicular particulate emission regulations are based solely upon total mass concentration, albeit it is the submicrometer particles that are highly respirable and the most detrimental to human health. In this study, experiments were performed with a tubular single-stage wet electrostatic precipitator (wESP) to evaluate its performance for the removal of number-based DPM emissions. A nonroad diesel generator utilizing a low sulfur diesel fuel (500 ppm(w)) operating under varying load conditions was used as a stationary DPM emission source. An electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI) was used to quantify the number concentration distributions of diesel particles in the diluted exhaust gas at each tested condition. The wESP was evaluated with respect to different operational control parameters such as applied voltage, gas residence time, etc., to determine their effect on overall collection efficiency, as well as particle size dependent collection efficiency. The results show that the total DPM number concentrations in the untreated diesel exhaust are in the magnitude of similar to 10(8)/cm(3) at all engine loads with the particle diameter modes between 20 and 40 nm. The measured collection efficiency of the wESP operating at 70 kV based on total particle numbers was 86% at 0 kW engine load and the efficiency decreased to 67% at 75 kW due to a decrease in gas residence time and an increase in particle concentrations. At a constant wESP voltage of 70 kV and at 75 kW engine load, the variation of gas residence time within the wESP from similar to 0.1 to similar to 0.4 s led to a substantial increase in the collection efficiency from 67% to 96%. In addition, collection efficiency was found to be directly related to the applied voltage, with increasing collection efficiency measured for increases in applied voltage. The collection efficiency based on particle size had a minimum for sizes between 20 and 50 nm, but at optimal wESP operating conditions it was possible to remove over 90% of all particle sizes. A comparison of measured and calculated collection efficiencies reveals that the measured values are significantly higher than the predicted values based on the well-known Deutsch equation. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, NIOSH, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Keener, TC (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. EM Tim.Keener@uc.edu NR 42 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 24 BP 7890 EP 7895 DI 10.1021/es060887k PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116HP UT WOS:000242793400070 PM 17256544 ER PT J AU Bartholow, BN Goli, V Ackers, M McLellan, E Gurwith, M Durham, M Greenberg, AE AF Bartholow, Bradford N. Goli, Vamshidar Ackers, Marta McLellan, Eleanor Gurwith, Marc Durham, Marcus Greenberg, Alan E. TI Demographic and behavioral contextual risk groups among men who have sex with men participating in a phase 3 HIV vaccine efficacy trial - Implications for HIV prevention and behavioral/biomedical intervention trials SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; HIV risk behavior; HIV vaccine trials; HIV prevention trials; MSM ID RECOMBINANT GLYCOPROTEIN-120 VACCINE; YOUNG GAY MEN; HIV/AIDS PREVENTION; BISEXUAL MEN; SEROSTATUS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; FEASIBILITY; MODEL; AGE AB Recent outbreaks of syphilis and gonorrhea coupled with reported increases in HIV-risk behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) have raised concerns about a potential resurgence of HIV among MSM. These concerns have led some to suggest the need for a paradigm shift in how HIV-prevention programs are designed and implemented. In this analysis, baseline demographic, sexual partnership, and substance use information was used to identify contextual-risk groups among 5,095 HIV-seronegative MSM enrolled in a 36-month phase 3 HIV vaccine efficacy trial across 61 sites primarily in North America. Eight demographic and behavioral contextual risk groups were identified, with annualized HIV seroincidence ranging from 1.8% to 6.3% across groups. Men in primary HIV-serodiscordant relationships had the lowest HIV seroincidence (1.8%), while an older group of men with many sex partners had the highest (6.3%). Visit-schedule compliance and study retention were lowest among younger non-White men and highest among older popper users, with annualized HIV seroincidence of 2.9% and 3.5%, respectively. Differences in HIV incidence, study compliance, and retention observed among contextual-risk groups suggest that responsiveness to heterogeneity within risk group (eg, MSM) could benefit screening, enrollment, and retention of HIV-prevention programs and intervention trials, reducing the time and cost related to their design, implementation, and conclusion. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. VaxGen Inc, Brisbane, CA USA. RP Bartholow, BN (reprint author), Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, CDC, HIV Vaccine Sect, Epidemiol Branch,Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 16000 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bnb1@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 594 EP 602 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 116HR UT WOS:000242793600016 PM 17003693 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K Young, B Baker, RK Moorman, A Chmiel, JS Wood, KC Brooks, JT AF Buchacz, Kate Young, Benjamin Baker, Rose K. Moorman, Anne Chmiel, Joan S. Wood, Kathy C. Brooks, John T. CA HOPS Investigators TI Renal function in patients receiving tenofovir with ritonavir/lopinavir or ritonavir/atazanavir in the HIV outpatient study (HOPS) cohort SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID DISOPROXIL FUMARATE; CREATININE CLEARANCE; EXPERIENCED PATIENTS; SAFETY; DF C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Rose Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Buchacz, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 11 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 626 EP 628 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000242461.35768.45 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 116HR UT WOS:000242793600022 PM 17133215 ER PT J AU Blanton, JD Krebs, JW Hanlon, CA Rupprecht, CE AF Blanton, Jesse D. Krebs, John W. Hanlon, Cathleen A. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2005 SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; RACCOON RABIES; ORAL VACCINATION; VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; EFFICACY; WILDLIFE; COYOTES; HEALTH AB During 2005, 49 states and Puerto Rico reported 6,417 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the CDC, representing a 6.2% decrease from the 6,836 cases in nonhuman animals and 8 cases in human beings reported in 2004. Approximately 92% of the cases were in wildlife, and 8% were in domestic animals. Relative contributions by the major animal groups were as follows: 2,534 raccoons (39.5%), 1,478 skunks (23%), 1,408 bats (21.9%), 376 foxes (5.9%), 269 cats (4.2%), 93 cattle (1.5%), and 76 dogs (1.2%). Compared with numbers of reported cases in 2004, cases in 2005 decreased among all groups, except bats, horses, and other wild animals. Decreases in numbers of rabid raccoons during 2005 were reported by 10 of the 20 eastern states in which raccoon rabies was enzootic and decreased overall by 1.2%, compared with 2004, On a national level, the number of rabies cases in skunks during 2005 decreased 20.4% from the number reported in 2004. Once again, Texas reported the greatest number (n = 392) of rabid skunks and the greatest overall state total of rabies cases (741). Texas reported no cases of rabies associated with the dog/coyote rabies virus variant and only 8 cases associated with the Texas gray fox rabies virus variant (compared with 22 cases in 2004). The total number of cases of rabies reported nationally in foxes decreased 3.3%, compared with those reported in 2004. The 1,408 cases of rabies reported in bats represented a 3.5% increase over numbers reported in 2005. Cases of rabies in cats, dogs, cattle, and sheep and goats decreased 4.3%, 19.2%, 19.1%, and 10%, respectively, whereas cases reported in horses and mules increased 9.3%. In Puerto Rico, reported cases of rabies in mongooses increased 29.8%, and rabies in domestic animals decreased 375%. One case of human rabies was reported from Mississippi during 2005. This case was submitted by the state to the CDC's unexplained deaths project and diagnosed as rabies retrospectively. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch,Div Viral & Richettsial, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch,Div Viral & Rickettsi, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blanton, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch,Div Viral & Richettsial, 1600 clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 55 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 12 BP 1897 EP 1911 DI 10.2460/javma.229.12.1897 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 116JE UT WOS:000242797700023 PM 17173527 ER PT J AU Pitisuttithum, P Gilbert, P Gurwith, M Heyward, W Martin, M van Griensven, F Hu, D Tappero, JW Choopanya, K AF Pitisuttithum, Punnee Gilbert, Peter Gurwith, Marc Heyward, William Martin, Michael van Griensven, Fritz Hu, Dale Tappero, Jordan W. Choopanya, Kachit CA Bangkok Vaccine Evaluation TI Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of a bivalent recombinant glycoprotein 120 HIV-1 vaccine among injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; TYPE-1 SUBTYPE E; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; B STRAINS; INFECTION; IMMUNOGENICITY; PHASE-3; SAFETY AB Background. In Thailand, phase 1/2 trials of monovalent subtype B and bivalent subtype B/E (CRF01_AE) recombinant glycoprotein 120 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccines were successfully conducted from 1995 to 1998, prompting the first HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trial in Asia. Methods. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of AIDSVAX B/E (VaxGen), which included 36-months of follow-up, was conducted among injection drug users (IDUs) in Bangkok, Thailand. The primary end point was HIV-1 infection; secondary end points included plasma HIV-1 load, CD4 cell count, onset of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining conditions, and initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Results. A total of 2546 IDUs were enrolled between March 1999 and August 2000; the median age was 26 years, and 93.4% were men. The overall HIV-1 incidence was 3.4 infections/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0-3.9 infections/100 person-years), and the cumulative incidence was 8.4%. There were no differences between the vaccine and placebo arms. HIV-1 subtype E (83 vaccine and 81 placebo recipients) accounted for 77% of infections. Vaccine efficacy was estimated at 0.1% (95% CI, -30.8% to 23.8%;, log-rank test). Pp. 99 No statistically significant effects of the vaccine on secondary end points were observed. Conclusion. Despite the successful completion of this efficacy trial, the vaccine did not prevent HIV-1 infection or delay HIV-1 disease progression. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Clin Trop Med, Clin Infect Dis Res Unit, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Stat Ctr HIV AIDS Res & Prevent, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. VaxGen Inc, Brisbane, CA USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pitisuttithum, P (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Dept Clin Trop Med, Clin Infect Dis Res Unit, 420-6 Rajvithi Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM punneep@dmc.inet.co.th NR 49 TC 471 Z9 484 U1 2 U2 20 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 12 BP 1661 EP 1671 DI 10.1086/508748 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 114GZ UT WOS:000242656000007 PM 17109337 ER PT J AU Ward, RL Kirkwood, CD Sander, DS Smith, VE Shao, MY Bean, JA Sack, DA Bernstein, DI AF Ward, Richard L. Kirkwood, Carl D. Sander, Donna S. Smith, Vicki E. Shao, Mingyuan Bean, Judy A. Sack, David A. Bernstein, David I. TI Reductions in cross-neutralizing antibody responses in infants after attenuation of the human rotavirus vaccine candidate 89-12 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on dsRNA Viruses CY SEP 13-18, 2003 CL Castelvecchio Pascoli, ITALY ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; SEQUENCE; VP4; INFECTION; PROTECTION; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; DIARRHEA; SAFETY AB The G1P1A[8] rotavirus vaccine candidate 89-12, the precursor to Rotarix, stimulated high titers of neutralizing antibodies to non-G1/P1A[8] serotypes of human rotavirus in naturally infected subjects before attenuation by cell-culture passages. These responses were greatly diminished in young infants (median age, 11 weeks) administered the attenuated vaccine. Because of the possibility of improved responses in older infants, the immunogenicity of the 89-12 vaccine candidate was evaluated after administration of 2 doses beginning at either 4 or 6 months of age. As was found in young infants, neutralizing antibody responses to non-G1/P1A[8] rotaviruses were considerably lower than those observed after natural infection. The reasons identified were overall (P < .0001) lower neutralizing antibody responses stimulated by the attenuated 89-12 strain, compared with those stimulated by its virulent precursor, and 5 mutations selected in the gene encoding the immunodominant VP4 (P) neutralization protein. Even so, the Rotarix vaccine developed from attenuated 89-12 was found to elicit excellent protection against non-G1 rotaviruses. C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Biostat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Vaccine Testing Unit, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Ward, RL (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM dick.ward@cchmc.org NR 43 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 12 BP 1729 EP 1736 DI 10.1086/509623 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 114GZ UT WOS:000242656000016 PM 17109346 ER PT J AU Gargiullo, PM Murphy, TV Davis, RL AF Gargiullo, Paul M. Murphy, Trudy V. Davis, Robert L. TI Is there a safe age for vaccinating infants with tetravalent rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine? SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID INTUSSUSCEPTION; ROTASHIELD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gargiullo, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off Chief Sci Officer, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-26, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PGargiullo@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 12 BP 1793 EP 1794 DI 10.1086/509264 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 114GZ UT WOS:000242656000026 PM 17109356 ER PT J AU Benson, JM Gomez, AP Statom, GL Tibbetts, BM Fleming, LE Backer, LC Reich, A Baden, DG AF Benson, Janet M. Gomez, Andrea P. Statom, Gloria L. Tibbetts, Brad M. Fleming, Lora E. Backer, Lorraine C. Reich, Andrew Baden, Daniel G. TI Placental transport of brevetoxin-3 in CD-1 mice SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE brevetoxin-3; placental transport; intratracheal instillation; mice ID RED TIDE TOXINS; AEROSOLIZED BREVETOXINS; INHALATION TOXICITY; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; FLORIDA; RAT; EXPOSURE; FETAL; ELIMINATION; METABOLITES AB The purpose of this study was to examine the distribution of brevetoxin-3 administered to pregnant dams and to determine the extent of placental transport to fetuses. Twenty-nine pregnant CD-1 mice were administered H-3-brevetoxin-3 (similar to 1.3 mu Ci/animal; similar to 2.8 mu g compound/kg) by intratracheal instillation on one of gestational days 15-18. Groups of four or five dams were killed at selected times through 48 h post-dosing. Four pregnant dams were administered H-3-brevetoxin-3 on gestational day 15 or 16 via osmotic minipump to provide continuous delivery of compound (similar to 0.13 mu Ci, 7.5ng compound/day) over a 72-h period. Then the dams and fetuses were killed. Brevetoxin-associated radioactivity was detected in placentas and fetuses within 0.5 h of intratracheal administration. Concentrations of brevetoxin equivalents in fetuses were approximately 0.3 ng/g throughout the 48-h post-dosing, resulting in a calculated dose to fetuses of 19 ng/g h. Following brevetoxin infusion, concentration of brevetoxin equivalents in fetuses was 0.1 ng/g, lower than that present in most maternal tissues. Results demonstrated placental transport of brevetoxin or its metabolites following maternal acute exposure and repeated low-dose exposure. The consequences of these findings for pregnant women exposed to brevetoxins by inhalation or ingestion remain to be determined. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Univ Miami, NIEHS, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Univ N Carolina, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. RP Benson, JM (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. EM jbenson@LRRI.org FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES010594, P01 ES010594-05, P01 ES10594] NR 37 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 48 IS 8 BP 1018 EP 1026 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.08.008 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 119BR UT WOS:000242987700009 PM 17011606 ER PT J AU Pallansch, MA Sandhu, HS AF Pallansch, Mark A. Sandhu, Hardeep S. TI The eradication of polio - Progress and challenges SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pallansch, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 24 BP 2508 EP 2511 DI 10.1056/NEJMp068200 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116BZ UT WOS:000242778800002 PM 17167133 ER PT J AU Mehta, AS Saile, E Zhong, W Buskas, T Carlson, R Kannenberg, E Reed, Y Quinn, CP Boons, GJ AF Mehta, Alok S. Saile, Elke Zhong, Wei Buskas, Therese Carlson, Russell Kannenberg, Elmar Reed, Yvonne Quinn, Conrad P. Boons, Geert-Jan TI Synthesis and antigenic analysis of the BclA glycoprotein oligosaccharide from the Bacillus anthracis exosporium SO CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE anthrax; glycoconjugates; oligosaccharides; vaccines ID TETRASACCHARIDE SIDE-CHAIN; MAJOR GLYCOPROTEIN; INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; VACCINE; SPORES; GLYCOSIDES; EFFICACY; CEREUS AB The glycoprotein BcIA is an important constituent of the exosporium of Bacillus anthracis spores. This glycoprotein is substituted with an oligosaccharide composed of a beta-L-rhamnoside substituted with the previously unknown terminal saccharide, 2-O-methyl-4-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutana- mido)-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucopyranose, also referred to as anthrose. Anthrose has not been found in spores of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis, making it a potential species-specific marker for B. anthracis. In order to study the antigenicity of anthrose, efficient syntheses of an anthrose-containing trisaccharide and a series of structurally related analogues were developed. The analogues lacked either the methyl ether at C-2 or contained modified C-4 amino functionalities of anthrose. The synthetic compounds were equipped with an aminopropyl spacer to facilitate conjugation to the carrier proteins maricullure Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (mcKLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Serum antibodies of rabbits immunized with live or irradiated spores of B. anthracis Sterne 34F(2) were able to recognize the synthetic trisaccharide-mcKLH conjugate. The specificity of the interaction was confirmed by competitive inhibition with the free-and BSA-conjugated trisaccharides. Inhibition using the trisaccharide ana-logues demonstrated that the isovaleric acid moiety of anthrose is an important structural motif for antibody recognition. These data demonstrate that 1) anthrose is a specific antigenic determinant of the B. anthracis Sterne spore; 2) this antigen is presented to the immune system of rabbits receiving the anthrax live-spore vaccine; 3) synthetic analogues of the oligosaccharide retain the antigenic structure; and 4) the antigenic region is localized to specific terminal groups of the oligosaccharide. Collectively these data provide an important proof-of-concept step in the synthesis and development of spore-specific reagents for detection and targeting of non-protein structures in B. anthracis. C1 Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NCID, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch,DBMD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quinn, CP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Complex Carbohydrate Res Ctr, 315 Riverbend Rd, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM cquinn@cdc.gov; gjboons@ccrc.uga.edu RI Boons, Geert-Jan/J-3211-2016 OI Boons, Geert-Jan/0000-0003-3111-5954 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI059577] NR 42 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 13 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0947-6539 J9 CHEM-EUR J JI Chem.-Eur. J. PD DEC 13 PY 2006 VL 12 IS 36 BP 9136 EP 9149 DI 10.1002/chem.200601245 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 120LX UT WOS:000243087400002 PM 17133642 ER PT J AU Hootman, J Bolen, J Helmick, C Langmaid, G AF Hootman, J. Bolen, J. Helmick, C. Langmaid, G. CA CDC TI Prevalence of doctor-diagnosed arthritis and arthritis-attributable activity limitation - United States, 2003- 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1089, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID US C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hootman, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 13 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 22 BP 2671 EP 2672 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 115WY UT WOS:000242765700010 ER PT J AU D Comstock, R Knox, C Yard, E Gilchrist, J AF D Comstock, R. Knox, C. Yard, E. Gilchrist, J. CA CDC TI Sports-related injuries among high school athletes - United States, 2005-06 school year (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1037, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Columbus Childrens Hosp, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP D Comstock, R (reprint author), Columbus Childrens Hosp, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 13 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 22 BP 2673 EP 2674 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 115WY UT WOS:000242765700011 ER PT J AU Kazakova, SV Ware, K Baughman, B Bilukha, O Paradis, A Sears, S Thompson, A Jensen, B Wiggs, L Bessette, J Martin, J Clukey, J Gensheimer, K Killgore, G McDonald, LC AF Kazakova, Sophia V. Ware, Kim Baughman, Brittany Bilukha, Oleg Paradis, Anne Sears, Stephen Thompson, Angie Jensen, Bette Wiggs, Lois Bessette, Jemelie Martin, James Clukey, Judy Gensheimer, Kathleen Killgore, George McDonald, L. Clifford TI A hospital outbreak of diarrhea due to an emerging epidemic strain of Clostridium difficile SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BINARY TOXIN GENES; PATHOGENICITY LOCUS; FLUOROQUINOLONE USE; DISEASE; RISK; POLYMORPHISM; TOXINOTYPES; MORTALITY; COHORT AB Background: Increased Clostridium difficile associated disease (CDAD) in a hospital and an affiliated long-term care facility continued despite infection control measures. We investigated this outbreak to determine risk factors and transmission settings. Methods: The CDAD cases were compared according to where the disease was likely acquired based on health care exposure and characterization of isolates from case patients, asymptomatic carriers, and the environment. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing, strain typing using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and toxinotyping were performed, and toxins A and B, binary toxin, and deletions in the tcdC gene were detected using polymerase chain reaction. Risk factors were examined in a casecontrol study, and overall antimicrobial use was compared at the hospital before and during the outbreak. Results: Significant increases were observed in hospital-acquired (0.19 vs 0.86; P <.001) and long-term care facility -acquired (0.04 vs 0.31; P=.004) CDAD cases per 100 admissions as a result of transmission of a toxino-type III strain at the hospital and a toxinotype 0 strain at the long-term care facility. The toxinotype III strain was positive for binary toxin, an 18-base pair deletion in tcdC, and increased resistance to fluoroquinolones. Independent risk factors for CDAD included use of fluoroquinolones (odds ratio [OR], 3.22; P=.04), cephalosporins (OR, 5.19; P=.006), and proton pump inhibitors (OR, 5.02; P=.02). A significant increase in fluoroquinolone use at the hospital took place during the outbreak (185.5 defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days vs 200.9 defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days; P <.001). Conclusions: The hospital outbreak of CDAD was caused by transmission of a more virulent, fluoroquinoloneresistant strain of C difficile. More selective fluoroquinolone and proton pump inhibitor use may be important in controlling and preventing such outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McDonald, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CMcDonald1@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD DEC 11 PY 2006 VL 166 IS 22 BP 2518 EP 2524 DI 10.1001/archinte.166.22.2518 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 115KF UT WOS:000242732500014 PM 17159019 ER PT J AU Stanwyck, C Davila, J Lyons, B Knighton, C AF Stanwyck, C. Davila, J. Lyons, B. Knighton, C. TI Vaccination coverage among children entering school - United States, 2005-06 school year (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1124-1126, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stanwyck, C (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 21 BP 2544 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 112ND UT WOS:000242532000006 ER PT J AU Leung, J Lopez, A Averhoff, F Harpaz, R Guris, D Seward, JF AF Leung, J. Lopez, A. Averhoff, F. Harpaz, R. Guris, D. Seward, J. F. TI Public health response to varicella outbreaks - United States, 2003-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 993-995, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID VACCINE; SCHOOL; CHILDREN C1 CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Leung, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 21 BP 2547 EP 2549 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 112ND UT WOS:000242532000007 ER PT J AU Postema, A Brammer, L Wang, S Blanton, L Dhara, R Balish, A Wallis, T Shay, D Bresee, J Klimov, A Cox, N AF Postema, A. Brammer, L. Wang, S. Blanton, L. Dhara, R. Balish, A. Wallis, T. Shay, D. Bresee, J. Klimov, A. Cox, N. CA WHO Collaborating Ctr Surveillance TI Update: Influenza activity - United States and worldwide, May 21 September 9, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1021-1023, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID SEASON C1 WHO, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Influenza Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Postema, A (reprint author), WHO, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 6 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 21 BP 2549 EP 2550 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 112ND UT WOS:000242532000008 ER PT J AU Branson, BM AF Branson, Bernard M. TI To screen or not to screen: Is that really the question? SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; HIV; HEALTH; VIRUS; INFECTION; SETTINGS; BLOOD; WOMEN; CARE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Branson, BM (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-21, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bmb2@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD DEC 5 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 11 BP 857 EP 859 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 114PE UT WOS:000242677300008 PM 17146069 ER PT J AU Crawford, DC Sanders, CL Qin, XT Smith, JD Shephard, C Wong, M Witrak, L Rieder, MJ Nickerson, DA AF Crawford, Dana C. Sanders, Christopher L. Qin, Xiaoting Smith, Joshua D. Shephard, Cynthia Wong, Michelle Witrak, Laura Rieder, Mark J. Nickerson, Deborah A. TI Genetic variation is associated with C-reactive protein levels in the third national health and nutrition examination survey SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE C-reactive protein; epidemiology; genes; genetics; inflammation; population ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; PLASMA CRP LEVELS; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; INTERLEUKIN-6 GENE; PROMOTER REGION; STATIN THERAPY AB Background-Increased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have suggested that genetic variation within the CRP gene is associated with serum CRP. Methods and Results-We genotyped CRP genetic variants in 7159 individuals from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). NHANES III is American population-based sample linked to hundreds of phenotypes, including CRP; however, the CRP assay used in this survey is not a high-sensitivity CRP assay, and 65% of participants (n=4679) had CRP measurements at or below the level of detection. Despite these limitations, we identified specific CRP single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes associated with serum CRP levels in the general population. Two variants were associated with increased levels of serum CRP: SNP rs3093058 (in linkage disequilibrium with a CRP promoter SNP rs3093062) in the non-Hispanic black sample and the triallelic promoter SNP rs3091244 in the non-Hispanic black and Mexican American samples. Two other SNPs were associated with decreased levels of serum CRP in either the non-Hispanic black (rs1205 and rs2808630) or Mexican American (rs1205) samples. Three haplotypes inferred from 7 SNPs (ATTGCGA, TTAGCGA, and AAAGAGA) were associated (P <= 0.01) with increased levels of serum CRP in the non-Hispanic black sample; 2 haplotypes (ATTGCGA and AAAGCGA) were associated (P < 0.05) with increased levels in the Mexican American sample; and 1 haplotype (AAAGCGA) was associated (P < 0.03) with increased levels in the non-Hispanic white sample. Post hoc analysis suggests that the AA genotype of the triallelic SNP rs3091244, after adjustment for covariates, was associated with prevalent coronary heart disease in the non-Hispanic white population sample. Conclusions-Genetic variation within CRP is associated with serum CRP levels in the general population and may be associated with prevalent coronary heart disease. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Harris Corp, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Crawford, DC (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, 515B Light Hall,2215 Garland Ave, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM crawford@chgr.mc.vanderbilt.edu RI Crawford, Dana/C-1054-2012 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01 HL66682]; NIEHS NIH HHS [N01 ES15478] NR 60 TC 102 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD DEC 5 PY 2006 VL 114 IS 23 BP 2458 EP 2465 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.615740 PG 8 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 125XT UT WOS:000243477500009 PM 17101857 ER PT J AU Birx, D Levine, WC AF Birx, Deborah Levine, William C. TI Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and authorship SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV ST & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Birx, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV ST & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM globalAIDSinfo@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 2 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9551 BP 1960 EP 1961 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69797-3 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 113JD UT WOS:000242593300017 PM 17141693 ER PT J AU Zalenski, R Gillum, RF Quest, TE Griffith, JL AF Zalenski, Robert Gillum, Richard F. Quest, Tammie E. Griffith, James L. TI Care for the adult family members of victims of unexpected cardiac death SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE heart arrest; mortality grief; posttraumatic stress disorders; bereavement; cardiopulmonary resuscitation practice guidelines ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; CARDIOPULMONARY-RESUSCITATION; BEREAVED RELATIVES; MORTALITY; ARREST; SURVIVORS; SUDDEN; NOTIFICATION; DIFFERENCE; PHYSICIANS AB More than 300,000 sudden coronary deaths occur annually in the United States, despite declining cardiovascular death rates. In 2000, deaths from heart disease left an estimated 190,156 new widows and 68,493 new widowers. A major unanswered question for emergency providers is whether the immediate care of the loved ones left behind by the deceased should be a therapeutic task for the staff of the emergency department in the aftermath of a fatal cardiac arrest. Based on a review of the literature, the authors suggest that more research is needed to answer this question, to assess the current immediate needs and care of survivors, and to find ways to improve care of the surviving family of unexpected cardiac death victims. This would include improving quality of death disclosure, improving care for relatives during cardiopulmonary resuscitation of their family member, and improved methods of referral for services for prevention of psychological and cardiovascular morbidity during bereavement. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Detroit, MI USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Washington, DC USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov OI Griffith, James/0000-0002-6868-5531 NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 12 BP 1333 EP 1338 DI 10.1197/j.aem.2006.06.029 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 118UL UT WOS:000242967400013 PM 16946285 ER PT J AU Stahre, M Naimi, T Brewer, R Holt, J AF Stahre, Mandy Naimi, Timothy Brewer, Robert Holt, James TI Measuring average alcohol consumption: the impact of including binge drinks in quantity-frequency calculations SO ADDICTION LA English DT Article DE alcohol use; binge drinking; indexing; surveillance ID GENERAL-POPULATION SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; RISK; METAANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; VALIDITY; ISSUES AB Aims Average daily alcohol consumption is usually calculated based on self-reports of the quantity (number of drinks consumed per drinking-day) and frequency (number of drinking-days) of alcohol consumption within a given time period. However, this method may underestimate average daily alcohol consumption (and in turn, the prevalence of heavy drinking), because studies demonstrate that respondents do not typically include binge drinking occasions in estimates of their 'usual' or 'average' daily alcohol consumption. Design We used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), an annual random-digit telephone survey of US adults aged 18 years or older, to estimate average daily alcohol consumption using standard quantity-frequency questions, and then recalculated this measure by including self-reports of binge drinking. The proportion of respondents who met a standard, sex-specific definition of heavy drinking based on average daily alcohol consumption was then assessed nationally and for each state. Findings Compared to standard quantity-frequency methods, including binge drinks in calculations of average daily alcohol consumption increased the relative prevalence of heavy drinking among all adults by 19% to 42% (depending on the method used to estimate the number of drinks per binge). Among binge drinkers, the overall prevalence of heavy drinking increased 53% relative to standard quantity-frequency methods. As a result, half of women binge drinkers and half of binge drinkers aged 55 or older met criteria for heavy drinking. Conclusions Including binge drinks (especially the application of age- and sex-specific estimates of binge drinks) in the calculation of average daily alcohol consumption can improve the accuracy of prevalence estimates for heavy drinking among US adults, and should be considered to increase the usefulness of this measure for alcohol surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPHP, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. RP Stahre, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPHP, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. EM mstahre@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD DEC PY 2006 VL 101 IS 12 BP 1711 EP 1718 DI 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2006.01615.x PG 8 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 110IU UT WOS:000242372700010 PM 17156170 ER PT J AU Lapidus, JA Bertolli, J McGowan, K Sullivan, P AF Lapidus, Jodi A. Bertolli, Jeanne McGowan, Karen Sullivan, Patrick TI HIV-related risk behaviors, perceptions of risk, HIV testing, and exposure to prevention messages and methods among urban American Indians and Alaska Natives SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN POPULATIONS; SUBSTANCE USE; DRUG-USERS; SEX; ALCOHOL; AIDS; HIV/AIDS AB The goal of this study was to describe HIV risk behaviors, perceptions, testing, and prevention exposure among urban American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN). Interviewers administered a questionnaire to participants recruited through anonymous peer-referral sampling. Chi-square tests and multiple logistic regression were used to compare HIV testing by perception of risk and risk behavior status. Of 218 respondents with seronegative or unknown HIV status, 156 (72%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 66-78%) reported some HIV risk behavior: 57 (26%,95% CI: 20-32%) high-risk behavior, and 99 (45%,95% CI: 39-52%), potentially high-risk. Among respondents reporting high-risk behavior, 44% rated themselves at no or low risk for HIV infection. Overall, 180 respondents (83%, 95% Cl: 78-88%) had ever received an HIV test, 79 (36%, 95% CI: 31-57%) in the past year. HIV risk behaviors and perception of risk were independently associated with recent HIV testing after adjustment for gender, income, and homelessness (odds ratio [OR] = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.5-9.0 for high-risk behavior vs. no reported risk behavior, and OR: 3.2; 95'% CI: 1.3-7.6, for high vs. no perceived risk). Addressing inaccurate perception of risk may be a key to improving uptake of HIV testing among high-risk urban AI/AN. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Div Biostat, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NW Portland Area Indian Hlth Board, Project Red Talon, Portland, OR USA. RP Lapidus, JA (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, Div Biostat, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd,Mail Code CB-669, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM lapidusj@ohsu.edu RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 6 BP 546 EP 559 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.6.546 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 111NJ UT WOS:000242459000006 PM 17166080 ER PT J AU Kegeles, SM Johnson, MO Strauss, RP Ralston, B Hays, RB Metzger, DS McLellan-Lemal, E MacQueen, KM AF Kegeles, Susan M. Johnson, Mallory O. Strauss, Ronald P. Ralston, Brady Hays, Robert B. Metzger, David S. McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor MacQueen, Kathleen M. TI How should HIV vaccine efficacy trials be conducted? Diverse US communities speak out SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID WILLINGNESS; PARTICIPATE; AIDS; MEN; KNOWLEDGE; GAY AB Developing an effective vaccine remains a critical long-term approach to HIV prevention. Every efficacy trial should be responsive to the concerns of participating communities because the successful development of an HIV preventive vaccine will require long-term involvement of people who have been marginalized and who distrust the government and biomedical research. Using qualitative interviews and purposive sampling, we elicited recommendations regarding how vaccine efficacy trials should be conducted from 90 members of communities that have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS: injection drug users, gay men, and African Americans. The most common recommendation was for complete disclosure of all aspects of the trial. Other themes included participant and community education, who to include in trials, preventing harm, trust, community involvement, researcher attributes, and respect for participants. Developing positive, respectful and collaborative experiences with community members will facilitate vaccine research because negative experiences and unfavorable community reactions can greatly impede success in future trials. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, CAPS, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr AIDS Res, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Studies Addict, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Family Hlth Int, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Kegeles, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, CAPS, 50 Beale St,Suite 1300, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM Susan.Kegeles@ucsf.edu RI Metzger, David/D-9499-2012 FU NIMH NIH HHS [K08MH01995]; PHS HHS [U48/CCU409660, U64/CCU310867, U64/CCU910851] NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 6 BP 560 EP 572 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.6.560 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 111NJ UT WOS:000242459000007 PM 17166081 ER PT J AU Roberts, RR Kampe, LM Hammerman, M Scott, RD Soto, T Ciavarella, GG Rydman, RJ Gorosh, K Weinstein, RA AF Roberts, Rebecca R. Kampe, Linda M. Hammerman, Martha Scott, R. Douglas, II Soto, Tomas Ciavarella, Ginevra G. Rydman, Robert J. Gorosh, Kathye Weinstein, Robert A. TI The cost of care for patients with HIV from the provider economic perspective SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 129th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY OCT 21-25, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; INFECTED PATIENTS; MEDICAL-CARE; DISEASE; SERVICES; IMPACT; ADULTS; ERA AB Health care costs for HIV infection are often reported from the economic perspective of third party payors and little data exist to show how total costs are distributed across specific health service categories. We used a retrospective cohort design to measure total medical costs for 1 year in a randomly selected sample of 280 patients treated for HIV infection at an urban health care facility. Inpatient and outpatient costs were measured from the economic perspective of the health care provider. Hospital costs included ward, ancillary, and procedure costs. Ambulatory included medications, primary and specialty care, case management, ancillary, and behavioral comorbidity treatment costs. The mean total was $ 20,114 per patient, of which $ 6,322 was for inpatient and $ 13,842 was for ambulatory services. Specific ambulatory costs were: medications, $ 9,257; primary, specialty and ancillary services, $ 3,470; and behavioral comorbidity treatment, $ 1,111. The mean annual outpatient ancillary cost was $ 841. Over 30% of the total service cost was for building and administrative overhead and approximately 25% of both hospital and clinic costs were for ancillary services. Independent predictors of high cost were CD4 counts, Medicaid eligibility, and behavorial comorbidities. Our outpatient costs were higher, with less variation than previously reported. Increasingly, there has been a shift of HIV care from hospital to ambulatory settings. We postulate that reimbursement rates have not captured the recent flourishing of ambulatory care. If reimbursement is not commensurate with outpatient advances, providers may be paradoxically underreimbursed for improving care. C1 John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Dept Emergency Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Cook Cty Bur Hlth Serv, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ruth M Rothstien CORE Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Behav Sci Dept Res, Chicago, IL USA. CORE Fdn, Chicago, IL USA. John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Ruth M Rothein CORE Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL USA. RP Roberts, RR (reprint author), John H Stroger Jr Hosp Cook Cty, Dept Emergency Med, 1900 W Polk St,10th Floor, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM rroberts@ccbh.org NR 46 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 12 BP 876 EP 886 DI 10.1089/apc.2006.20.876 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 124OW UT WOS:000243379400007 PM 17192152 ER PT J AU Fang, J Mensah, GA Alderman, MH Croft, JB AF Fang, Jing Mensah, George A. Alderman, Michael H. Croft, Janet B. TI Trends in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock, 1979-2003, United States SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-WIDE PERSPECTIVE; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; EARLY REVASCULARIZATION; NATIONAL REGISTRY; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; TRIAL REGISTRY; MORTALITY; MANAGEMENT; IMPACT; RISK AB Background Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Methods using the National Hospital Discharge Survey data from 1979 to 2003, we measured trends in the incidence of AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock, the use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), and the inhospital death. Results Age-adjusted hospitalization rates (per 100000 populations) in 1979 and 2003, respectively, were 213 and 261 for AMI, and 8.6 and 4.3 for AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock. Among patients with AMI, the proportion with cardiogenic shock was 3.9% (n = 17000) in 1979 and 1.7% (n = 13000) in 2003. Patients with acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock, compared with those without cardiogenic shock, were more likely to be women (48% vs 43%, P < .0001), more likely to have anterior wall AMI (33% vs 14%, P < .0001), and had much higher inhospital mortality (43% vs 7%, P < .0001). Over the years, among AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock, PTCA use increased substantially from 0% to 28%. During this period, inhospital death decreased from 84% to 43%. After adjustment for age, sex, location of AMI, health insurance, and survey year, PTCA use was significantly associated with decreased inhospital deaths among patients with AMI with cardiogenic shock. Conclusions Although hospitalization for AMI has increased over the past 25 years, the hospitalization rate of AMI complicated by cardiogenic shock has decreased by 50%. At the same time, PTCA use and hospital survival have increased substantially among cardiogenic shock patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jfang@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 33 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 152 IS 6 BP 1035 EP 1041 DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.07.013 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 120TZ UT WOS:000243110400007 PM 17161048 ER PT J AU Bang, KM Weissman, DN Pinheiro, GA Antao, VCS Wood, JM Syamlal, G AF Bang, Ki Moon Weissman, David N. Pinheiro, Germania A. Antao, Vinicius C. S. Wood, John M. Syamlal, Girija TI Twenty-three years of hypersensitivity pneumonitis mortality surveillance in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hypersensitivity pneumonitis; death rate; industry; occupation; agriculture ID EXTRINSIC ALLERGIC ALVEOLITIS; FARMERS LUNG-DISEASE; HIGH-RESOLUTION CT; PRECIPITATING ANTIBODIES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; POPULATION; WORKERS AB Background There are few population-based studies addressing hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) in the United States. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has nationally comprehensive longitudinal mortality data that can contribute to a better understanding of the epidemiology of HP. Methods The National Center for Health Statistics multiple cause-of-death data were analyzed for the period 1980-2002. Annual death rate was age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Death rate time-trends were calculated using a linear regression model and geographic distribution of death rates were mapped by state and county. Proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) by usual industry and occupation adjusted for age, sex, and race, were based on data from 26 states reporting industry and occupation during 1985-1999. Results Overall age-adjusted death rates increased significantly (P < 0.0001) between 1980 and 2002, from 0.09 to 0.29 per million. Wisconsin had the highest rate at 1.04 per million. Among industries, PMR for HP was significantly high for agricultural production, livestock (PMR, 19.3; 95% CI, 14.0 - 25.9) and agricultural production, crops (PMR, 4.3; 95% CI, 3.0 - 6 0). Among occupations, PMR for HP was significantly elevated for farmers, except horticulture (PMR, 8.1; 95% CI, 6.4 - 10.2). Conclusions These findings indicate that agricultural industries are closely associated with HP mortality and preventive strategies are needed to protect workers in these industries. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bang, KM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM kmb2@cdc.gov RI Antao, Vinicius/B-5395-2013 OI Antao, Vinicius/0000-0002-8201-9973 NR 50 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 12 BP 997 EP 1004 DI 10.1002/ajim.20405 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 108ZN UT WOS:000242277800002 PM 17096370 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Romero, R AF Khoury, Muin J. Romero, Roberto TI The integration of genomics into obstetrics and gynecology: A HuGE challenge SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; NETWORK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinat Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Off Publ Hlth Genom, Coordinat Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM awarfiel@med.wayne.edu NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 195 IS 6 BP 1503 EP 1505 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.10.883 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 116RG UT WOS:000242819400001 PM 17132472 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ Ryan, GW AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. Ryan, George W. TI Opioid analgesics and rates of fatal drug poisoning in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC PAIN; DEATHS; METHADONE; OVERDOSE; MORTALITY; COCAINE; HEROIN; ABUSE AB Objective: To determine whether the variability in rate of sale of prescription opioid analgesics is related to the variability in rates of drug poisoning mortality among states in the United States in 2002. Methods: Drug poisoning deaths were defined as unintentional deaths or those of undetermined intent whose underlying cause was coded to "narcotics" (X42) or "other and unspecified" drugs (X44) in the National Vital Statistics System. Per capita sales of ten opioid analgesics from the Drug Enforcement Administration and combined sales in morphine equivalents were correlated with drug poisoning mortality rates by state using multivariate linear regression. Regression coefficients between mortality rates and sales rates were adjusted for race (percent white, percent black) and age (percent aged 24 years or younger, and percent aged 65 years and older). Results: There was over a ten-fold variability in sales of some opioid analgesics. Combined sales ranged 3.7-fold, from 218 mg per person in South Dakota to 798 mg per person in Maine. Drug poisoning mortality varied 7.9-fold, from 1.6/100,000 in Iowa to 12.4/100,000 in New Mexico. Drug poisoning mortality correlated most strongly with non-OxyContin((R)) oxy- codone (r=0.73, p < 0.0001), total oxycodone (r=0.68, p < 0.0001), and total methadone (r=0.66, p < 0.0001) in the multivariate analysis. A scatterplot demonstrated a linear relationship between total opioid analgesic sales and drug poisoning mortality. Conclusions: The extent of opioid analgesics use varies widely in the United States. Variation in the availability of opioid analgesics is related to the spatial distribution of drug poisoning mortality by state. (Am J Prev Med 2006;31(6):506-511) (c) 2006 American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbp4@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 165 Z9 170 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 506 EP 511 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.017 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 119UK UT WOS:000243039200007 PM 17169712 ER PT J AU Ramirez, LKB Hoehner, CM Brownson, RC Cook, R Orleans, T Hollander, M Barker, DC Bors, P Ewing, R Killingsworth, R Petersmarck, K Schmid, T Wilkinson, W AF Ramirez, Laura K. Brennan Hoehner, Christine M. Brownson, Ross C. Cook, Rebeka Orleans, Tracy Hollander, Marla Barker, Dianne C. Bors, Philip Ewing, Reid Killingsworth, Richard Petersmarck, Karen Schmid, Thomas Wilkinson, William TI Indicators of activity-friendly communities - An evidence-based consensus process SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-PROMOTION PROGRAMS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; URBAN FORM; WALKING; POLICY; DETERMINANTS; INTERVENTIONS; NEIGHBORHOODS; PREVENTION AB Background: Regular physical activity, even at modest intensities, is associated with many health benefits. Most Americans, however, do not engage in the recommended levels. As practitioners seek ways to increase population rates of physical activity, interventions and advocacy efforts are being targeted to the community level. Yet, advocates, community leaders, and researchers lack the tools needed to assess local barriers to and opportunities for more active, healthy lifestyles. Investigators used a systematic review process to identify key indicators of activity-friendly communities that can assess and improve opportunities for regular physical activity. Methods: Investigators conducted a comprehensive literature review of both peer-reviewed literature and fugitive information (e.g., reports and websites) to generate an initial list of indicators for review (n=230). The review included a three-tiered, modified Delphi consensus-development process that incorporated input of international, national, state, and local researchers and practitioners from academic institutions, federal and state government agencies, nonprofit organizations, and funding agencies in public health, transportation, urban planning, parks and recreation, and public policy. Results: Ten promising indicators of activity-friendly communities were identified: land use environment, access to exercise facilities, transportation environment, aesthetics, travel patterns, social environment, land use economics, transportation economics, institutional and organizational policies, and promotion. Conclusions: Collaborative, multidisciplinary approaches are underway to test, refine, and expand this initial list of indicators and to develop measures that communities, community leaders, and policyrnakers can use to design more activity-friendly community environments. (Am J Prev Med 2006;31 (6):515-524) (c) 2006 American journal of Preventive Medicine C1 Transtria LLC, St Louis, MO 63139 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. San Diego State Univ, Act Living Leadership, San Diego, CA USA. BiCoastal Hlth Consultants, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Act Living Design Natl Program Off, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Rutgers State Univ, Edward J Bloustein Sch Planning & Publ Policy, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Ruth Mott Fdn, Flint, MI USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Chron Dis & Injury Control, Lansing, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Bicycling & Walking, Washington, DC USA. RP Ramirez, LKB (reprint author), Transtria LLC, 3525 Watson Rd,Suite R, St Louis, MO 63139 USA. EM laura@transtria.com RI Barker, David/A-5671-2013 FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU710806] NR 37 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 515 EP 524 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.026 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 119UK UT WOS:000243039200009 PM 17169714 ER PT J AU Frumkin, H AF Frumkin, Howard TI The measure of place SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID IRVINE-MINNESOTA INVENTORY; MEASURE BUILT ENVIRONMENTS; HOST-RESISTANCE; BROKEN WINDOWS; HEALTH; MORTALITY; MATTER; NEIGHBORHOODS; INEQUALITIES; RESTORATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Frumkin, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Subst, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-28, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM hfrumkin@cdc.gov OI Frumkin, Howard/0000-0001-7079-3534 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 530 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.022 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 119UK UT WOS:000243039200011 PM 17169716 ER PT J AU Labarthe, DR Biggers, A LaPier, T George, MG AF Labarthe, Darwin R. Biggers, Alana LaPier, Timothy George, Mary G. TI The Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry (PCNASR) - A public health initiative SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Labarthe, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dil3@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 SU 2 BP S192 EP S195 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.027 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 122AC UT WOS:000243197100002 PM 17178302 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS George, MG Myers, S Lux, LJ Wilson, D Heinrich, J Zheng, ZJ AF Sug Yoon, Sung George, Mary G. Myers, Sharon Lux, Linda J. Wilson, David Heinrich, John Zheng, Zhijie TI Analysis of data-collection methods for an acute stroke care registry SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED-TRIALS; APACHE-II; QUALITY AB This study aims to assess and compare the completeness and reliability of data collected by prospective and retrospective methods for the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry. The prototypes consisted of eight states that used the same data elements but differed in their collection approach. Three prototypes employed retrospective case ascertainment (n=1218), and five prototypes used prospective or a combination of prospective and retrospective case ascertainment (n=1602). RTI International performed an audit analysis of the eight prototypes. Completeness, exact match, and discrepancy analyses were performed with data elements grouped into 12 categories for this analysis. A sample of 2820 (37.6%) from a total of 7494 records from 91 hospitals was studied. The "in-hospital complications" section had the highest percentage of completeness (99.6%), followed by "demographic data" (97.7%), and "in-hospital diagnostic procedures" (93.4%). The section with the lowest percentage of completeness was "thrombolytic treatment" (53.5%), followed by "reasons for nontreatment with thrombolytics" (57.1%), and "signs and symptoms onset" (63.5%). Across all prototype elements, exact matches with audit data ranged from 62.8% to 95.9%. Documentation of the date/time of stroke onset and of arrival in the emergency department had a high number of discrepancies with audit data, with exact match percentages of 69.7% and 64.5%, respectively. No significant difference was found between retrospective and prospective case ascertainment in completeness or matching with audit data. Combined retrospective and prospective data-collection approaches for different types of data elements may be best in terms of both completeness and accuracy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. RTI Int, Rockville, MD USA. RP Yoon, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM syoon@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 SU 2 BP S196 EP S201 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.08.010 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 122AC UT WOS:000243197100003 PM 17178303 ER PT J AU Tomashek, KM Qin, C Hsia, J Lyasu, S Barfield, WD Flowers, LM AF Tomashek, Kay M. Qin, Cheng Hsia, Jason Lyasu, Solomon Barfield, Wanda D. Flowers, Lisa M. TI Infant mortality trends and differences between American Indian/Alaska native infants and white infants in the United States, 1989-1991 and 1998-2000 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ALASKA NATIVES; SOUTH-CAROLINA; INDIANS; POPULATION; DELIVERY; OUTCOMES; HEALTH; LEVEL AB Objectives. To describe changes in infant mortality rates, including birthweight-specific rates and rates by age at death and cause. Methods. We analyzed US linked birth/infant-death data for 1989-1991 and 1998-2000 for American Indians/Alaska Native (AIAN) and White singleton infants at >= 20 weeks' gestation born to US residents. We calculated birthweight-specific infant mortality rates (deaths in each birthweight category per 1000 live births in that category), and overall and cause-specific infant mortality rates (deaths per 100000 live births) in infancy (0-364 days) and in the neonatal (0-27 days) and postneonatal (28-364 days) periods. Results. Birthweight-specific infant mortality rates declined among AIAN and White infants across all birthweight categories, but AIAN infants generally had higher birthweight-specific infant mortality rates. Infant mortality rates declined for both groups, yet in 1998-2000, AIAN infants were still 1.7 times more likely to die than White infants. Most of the disparity was because of elevated postneonatal mortality, especially from sudden infant death syndrome, accidents, and pneumonia and influenza. Conclusions. Although birthweight-specific infant mortality rates and infant mortality rates declined among both AIAN and White infants, disparities in infant mortality persist. Preventable causes of infant mortality identified in this analysis should be targeted to reduce excess deaths among AIAN communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Matenal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Stat & Surveillance Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US FDA, Off Counterterrorism & Pediat Drug Dev, Div Pediat Drug Dev, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Tomashek, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Matenal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Mail Stop K-23,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kct9@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 96 IS 12 BP 2222 EP 2227 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.053744 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 111SJ UT WOS:000242474500023 PM 17077400 ER PT J AU Ganley-Leal, LM Mwinzi, PNM Cetre-Sossah, CB Andove, J Hightower, AW Karanja, DMS Colley, DG Secor, WE AF Ganley-Leal, Lisa M. Mwinzi, Pauline N. M. Cetre-Sossah, Catherine B. Andove, Julius Hightower, Allen W. Karanja, Diana M. S. Colley, Daniel G. Secor, W. Evan TI Short report: Higher percentages of circulating mast cell precursors correlate with susceptibility to reinfection with Schistosoma mansoni SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; EPSILON-RI+ CELLS; HELMINTH INFECTIONS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E; HIV-1 GP120; IGE; RESISTANCE; BASOPHILS; ANTIGEN; EOSINOPHILS AB A high level of serum IgE is generally associated with human resistance to schistosomes, though the protective mechanisms of IgE remain undefined. We recently reported that whereas some individuals who are occupationally hyperexposed to Schistosoma mansoni display resistance to reinfeetion, others remain highly susceptible, in some cases due to HIV-1 co-infection. As IgE functions, in part, through Fc epsilon RI on mast cells, we characterized circulating CD117(+) Fc epsilon RI+ mast cell precursors in this population. Surprisingly, a higher percentage of CD117(+) cells correlated with a susceptible phenotype in HIV-1 seronegative participants with schistosomiasis. There was no association between percentages of peripheral CD117(+) cells and susceptibility to reinfection in persons with HIV-1. Serum levels of polyclonal IgE were inversely correlated with percentages of CD117(+) cells regardless of HIV-1 status. Thus, immature mast cells may affect IgE availability, or IgE may affect immature mast cells, altering the balance of host susceptibility and resistance to schistosomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Lisa.GanleyLeal@bmc.org; pmwinzi@kisian.mimcom.net; catherine.cetre-sossah@cirad.fr; ahightower@ke.cdc.gov; dkaranja@kisian.mimcom.net; dcolley@uga.edu; was4@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI52070, AI053695] NR 32 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1053 EP 1057 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 117OC UT WOS:000242881600005 PM 17172364 ER PT J AU Winthrop, KL Proano, R Oliva, O Arana, B Mendoza, C Dominguez, A Amann, J Punkosdy, G Blanco, C Klein, R Sauerbrey, M Richards, F AF Winthrop, Kevin L. Proano, Roberto Oliva, Orlando Arana, Byron Mendoza, Carlos Dominguez, Alfredo Amann, Josef Punkosdy, George Blanco, Carlos Klein, Robert Sauerbrey, Mauricio Richards, Frank TI The reliability of anterior segment lesions as indicators of onchocercal eye disease in Guatemala SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IVERMECTIN AB World Health Organization certification criteria for onchocerciasis elimination use anterior segment eye lesion prevalence as an indicator of mass ivermectin treatment program success. Lesions either contain visible microfilaria (noninflammatory punctate keratitis [PK] or microfilariae in anterior chamber [MFAC]), or microfilaria obscured by inflammation (inflammatory PK). To assess the utility of these disease indicators, two experienced ophthalmologists independently examined persons from endemic (N = 325) and nonendemic (N = 348) Guatemalan communities. Thirty-six (11.1%) and nine (2.6%) persons from endemic and nonendemic areas respectively had lesions found by either ophthalmologist (prevalence ratio = 4.3, 95% CI 2.1-8.8, P < 0.001). All lesions in nonendemic areas were inflammatory PK in whom no persons were seropositive for onchocerciasis. Overall, observer agreement was moderate (Kappa = 0.49), and most (61%) discordance occurred with inflammatory PK lesions. Our findings suggest that inflammatory punctate keratitis is neither a specific nor a reliable indicator of onchocercal eye disease. Future prevalence surveys should rely upon noninflammatory lesions as disease indicators. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Casey Eye Inst, Portland, OR 97239 USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Program Eliminat Onchocerciasis Amer, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Med Entomol Res Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Winthrop, KL (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Casey Eye Inst, 3375 SW Terwilliger Blvd, Portland, OR 97239 USA. EM winthrop@ohsu.edu NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1058 EP 1062 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 117OC UT WOS:000242881600006 PM 17172365 ER PT J AU Ismail, TF Wasfy, MO Abdul-Rahman, B Murray, CK Hospenthal, DR Abdel-Fadeel, M Abdel-Maksoud, M Samir, A Hatem, ME Klena, J Pimentel, G El-Sayed, N Hajjeh, R AF Ismail, Tharwat F. Wasfy, Momtaz O. Abdul-Rahman, Bassem Murray, Clinton K. Hospenthal, Duane R. Abdel-Fadeel, Moustafa Abdel-Maksoud, Mohamed Samir, Ahmed Hatem, Mahmoud E. Klena, John Pimentel, Guillermo El-Sayed, Nasr Hajjeh, Rana TI Retrospective serosurvey of leptospirosis among patients with acute febrile illness and hepatitis in Egypt SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS; CATTLE AB The epidemiologic status of leptospirosis in Egypt has not been well defined because of difficulties in disease diagnosis. A retrospective study was conducted to detect leptospiral antibodies among undiagnosed acute febrile illness (AFI) and hepatitis cases. Approximately 16% of both AFI (141/886) and acute hepatitis (63/392) cases showed seroreactivity to Leptospira IgM by ELISA and microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Canicola, Djasiman, Grippotyphosa, Pyrogenes, Icterohemorrhagiae, and Pomona were the most commonly reactive serovars among patients with AFI. Djasiman. Grippotyphosa and Icterohemorrhagiae were the most reactive among patients with acute hepatitis. This study represents the first systematic report of Leptospira associated with patients with AFI and hepatitis in Egypt. Physicians need to have increased awareness about the importance of leptospirosis in the differential diagnosis of AFI and acute hepatitis in Egypt. In addition, laboratory capacity should be developed at fever hospitals to diagnose leptospirosis. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. Brooke Army Med Ctr, Ft Sam Houston, TX 78234 USA. Cairo Univ, Fac Med Vet, Cairo, Egypt. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ismail, TF (reprint author), PSC 452,Box 5000,Attn Code 304A, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM ismailt@namru3.med.navy.mil; wasfym@namru3.med.navv.mil; bassemr@namru3.med.navv.mil; Clinton.Murray@AMEDD.ARMY.MIL; Diane.Hospenthal@CEN.AMEDD.ARMY.MIL; fadeelm@namru3.med.navy.mil; aelmaksoud@namru3.med.navy.mil; ahmedsamir121@hotmail.com; essamhatem@yahoo.com; klenaj@namru3.med.navy.mil; pimentelg@namru3.med.navv.mil; nasr_elsayed@hotmail.com; rfh5@cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1089 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 117OC UT WOS:000242881600012 PM 17172371 ER PT J AU Kuno, G Chang, GJJ AF Kuno, Goro Chang, Gwong-Jen J. TI Characterization of sepik and entebbe bat viruses closely related to yellow fever virus SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS; CYCLIZATION SEQUENCES; UNTRANSLATED REGION; 3'-NONCODING REGION; FLAVIVIRUS; EVOLUTION AB Yellow fever virus has a special place in medical history as the first animal virus isolated and as the prototype virus in the genus Flavivirus, which contains many serious human pathogens. Only recently, its closely related viruses within the group were identified phylogenetically. In this study, we obtained complete or near complete genome sequences of two viruses most closely related to yellow fever virus: Sepik virus of Papua New Guinea and Entebbe bat virus of Africa. Based on full-genomic characterization and genomic traits among related viruses, we identified Sepik virus to be most closely related to yellow fever virus and analyzed the pattern of repeat and conserved sequence motifs in the 3'-noncoding region among the members of yellow fever virus cluster. We also discuss the geographic dispersal as a part of ecological traits of this lineage of flaviviruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kuno, G (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM gok1@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1165 EP 1170 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 117OC UT WOS:000242881600028 PM 17172387 ER PT J AU Bautista, CT Chan, AST Ryan, JR Calampa, C Roper, MH Hightower, AW Magill, AJ AF Bautista, Christian T. Chan, Adeline S. T. Ryan, Jeffrey R. Calampa, Carlos Roper, Marty H. Hightower, Allen W. Magill, Alan J. TI Epidemiology and spatial analysis of malaria in the Northern Peruvian Amazon SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INFORMATION-SYSTEM; SOUTH-AFRICA; GIS; TRANSMISSION; RISK AB A retrospective surveillance study was conducted to examine the micro-geographic variation of malaria incidence in three malaria-endemic communities in the Northern Peruvian Amazon. The annual malaria risk rate (per 100) ranged from 38% to 47% for Plasmodium vivax and from 15% to 18% for P. falciparum. Spatial clusters were found for P. vivax in Padre Cocha, Manacamiri, and Zungaro Cocha, and for P. falciparum only in Padre Cocha. Spatial-temporal clusters showed that the highest monthly number of P. vivax cases varied every year from December to March in 1996-1997 and from February to June in 1998-1999, and for P. falciparum from November to April in 1996-1997 and from January to April in 1998-1999. Our results suggest a constant presence of high-risk areas (hot spots) for malaria infection in periods with high or low malaria incidence. Modest targeted control efforts directed at identified high-risk areas may have significant impact on malaria transmission in this region. C1 Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, US Mil HIV Res Program, Dept Epidemiol & Threat Assessment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Communicable & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Jacksonville State Univ, Dept Emergency Management, Jacksonville, AL 36265 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Peruvian Minist Hlth, Loreto Hlth Subreg, Iquitos, Peru. RP Bautista, CT (reprint author), Henry M Jackson Fdn Advancement Mil Med Inc, US Mil HIV Res Program, Dept Epidemiol & Threat Assessment, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, 1 Taft Court,Suite 250, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM cbautista@hivresearch.org; adeline.chan@na.amedd.army.mil; jryan@jsu.edu; awh1@cdc.gov; alan.magill@na.amedd.army.mil RI Bautista, Christian/B-2812-2011 NR 29 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 75 IS 6 BP 1216 EP 1222 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 117OC UT WOS:000242881600037 PM 17172396 ER PT J AU Bernstein, DI Wang, N Campo, P Chakraborty, R Smith, A Cartier, A Boulet, LP Malo, JL Yucesoy, B Luster, M Tarlo, SM Hershey, GKK AF Bernstein, David I. Wang, Ning Campo, Paloma Chakraborty, RanaJit Smith, Andrew Cartier, Andre Boulet, Louis-Philippe Malo, Jean-Luc Yucesoy, Berran Luster, Michael Tarlo, Susan M. Hershey, Gurjit K. Khurana TI Diisocyanate asthma and gene-environment interactions with IL4RA, CD-14, and IL-13 genes SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE; RECEPTOR-ALPHA; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; INTERLEUKIN-4 RECEPTOR; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; ALLERGIC-ASTHMA; MOUSE MODEL; ATOPY; ASSOCIATION AB Background: Diisocyanate asthma (DA) affects 2% to 10% of exposed workers, yet the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying this disorder remain ill defined. Objective: To determine if specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interleukin 4 receptor alpha (IL4RA), IL-13, and CD14 promoter genes are associated with DA. Methods: Sixty-two workers with DA confirmed by specific inhalation challenge (SIC) and 75 diisocyanate-exposed, SIC-negative workers were analyzed for SNPs associated with IL4RA, IL-13, and CD14 promoter genes. Results: No associations were found with individual SNPs and DA. When stratified according to specific diisocyanate exposure, a significant association was found between IL4RA (150V) II and DA among individuals exposed to hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) (odds ratio [OR], 3.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-8.14; P = .01) only. Similarly, the IL4RA (150V) II and IL-13 (R110Q) RR combination was significantly associated with DA in HDI-exposed workers (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.35-12.68; P = .01), as was the IL4RA (150V) II and CD14 (C159T) CT genotype combination (OR, 5.2; 95% CI, 1.82-14.88; P = .002) and the triple genotype combination IL4RA (150V) II, IL-13 (R110Q) RR, and CD14 (C159T) CT (OR, 6.4; 95% CI, 1.57-26.12; P = .01). Conclusions: Gene-environmental interactions may contribute to the pathogenesis of DA, and gene-gene interactions may modulate this relationship. C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy & Immunol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Div Immunol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Human Genet, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Ctr Genome Informat, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Hop Sacre Coeur, Montreal, PQ H4J 1C5, Canada. Univ Laval, Hop Laval, Inst Cardiol & Pneumol, Ste Foy, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Toronto, Gage Occupat & Environm Hlth Unit, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Hershey, GKK (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Allergy & Immunol, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM Gurjit.Hershey@chmcc.org RI Yucesoy, Berran/B-4497-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI46652-01A1] NR 52 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 97 IS 6 BP 800 EP 806 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 119OJ UT WOS:000243021300012 PM 17201240 ER PT J AU Moro, PL Schantz, PM AF Moro, P. L. Schantz, P. M. TI Echinococcosis: historical landmarks and progress in research and control SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID INDIRECT HEMAGGLUTINATION TEST; HUMAN CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS; HUMAN HYDATID-DISEASE; ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS; GRANULOSUS INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COPROANTIGEN; CHEMOTHERAPY; ALBENDAZOLE AB Although hydatid cysts were recognised and described in ancient times, in both livestock and humans, it was not until the 17th Century that their biological nature began to be understood. The past 50 years have seen a veritable revolution in knowledge and technology applicable to the biology of the cestodes and the diseases they cause. The parasites that form hydatid cysts belong to the genus Echinococcus, which is now recognized as a complex of closely related cestode parasites adapted to a variety of host-assemblages linked by predator prey relationships. Synanthropic transmission in dogs and domestic livestock greatly increases the possibilities of zoonotic transmission, and the highest prevalences of Echinococcus infection in humans therefore occur in populations engaged in livestock rearing in which domestic dogs have access to the viscera of the livestock that serve as intermediate hosts. The application of modern scientific technology over the last few decades has not only revealed the diversity of host-parasite relationships within the genus Echinococcus but also led to greatly improved technology for the diagnosis and treatment of the echinococcoses in humans and lower animals. Although control programmes have led to marked reductions in transmission in certain geographical and socio-political settings, transmission and the resultant diseases continue unabated throughout most of the parasites' world-wide distribution. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonoses, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schantz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Immunizat Safety Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pms1@cdc.gov NR 61 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA STE 1C, JOSEPHS WELL, HANOVER WALK, LEEDS LS3 1AB, W YORKS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 100 IS 8 BP 703 EP 714 DI 10.1179/136485906X112257 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 117CB UT WOS:000242849200005 PM 17227649 ER PT J AU Fitzgerald, C Gheesling, L Collins, M Fields, PI AF Fitzgerald, Collette Gheesling, Linda Collins, Marcus Fields, Patricia I. TI Sequence analysis of the rfb loci, encoding proteins involved in the biosynthesis of the Salmonella enterica O17 and O18 antigens: Serogroup-specific identification by PCR SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID O-ANTIGEN; GENE CLUSTERS; PATHWAY GENES; ASSAY; GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASES; POLYSACCHARIDE; CLASSIFICATION; O111 AB We report sequencing of the O antigen encoded by the rfb gene cluster of Salmonella enterica serotype Jangwani (O17) and Salmonella serotype Cerro (O18). We developed serogroup O17- and O18-specific PCR assays based on rfb gene targets and found them to be sensitive and specific for rapid identification of Salmonella serogroups O17 and O18. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Food & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fitzgerald, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Food & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM chf3@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 72 IS 12 BP 7949 EP 7953 DI 10.1128/AEM.01046-06 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 114QS UT WOS:000242681300072 PM 17056694 ER PT J AU Payne, DC Rose, CE Kerrison, J Aranas, A Duderstadt, S McNeil, MM AF Payne, Daniel C. Rose, Charles E., Jr. Kerrison, John Aranas, Aaron Duderstadt, Susan McNeil, Michael M. TI Data vs conclusions in the optic neuritis vaccination investigation - Reply SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Payne, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-47, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM dvp6@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 63 IS 12 BP 1810 EP 1810 DI 10.1001/archneur.63.12.1810 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 115KK UT WOS:000242733000025 ER PT J AU Rein, DB Zhang, P Wirth, KE Lee, PP Hoerger, TJ McCall, N Klein, R Tielsch, JM Vijan, S Saaddine, J AF Rein, David B. Zhang, Ping Wirth, Kathleen E. Lee, Paul P. Hoerger, Thomas J. McCall, Nancy Klein, Ronald Tielsch, James M. Vijan, Sandeep Saaddine, Jinan TI The economic burden of major adult visual disorders in the United States SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EYE DISEASES; COST CONSIDERATIONS; REFRACTIVE ERRORS; MEDICAL THERAPY; IMPAIRMENT; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; GLAUCOMA; BALTIMORE; BLINDNESS AB Objective: To estimate the societal economic burden and the governmental budgetary impact of the following visual disorders among US adults aged 40 years and older: visual impairment, blindness, refractive error, age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, and primary open-angle glaucoma. Design: We estimated 3 components of economic burden: direct medical costs, other direct costs, and productivity losses. We used private insurance and Medicare claims data to estimate direct medical costs; epidemiologic evidence from multiple published sources to estimate other direct costs, such as nursing home costs; and data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation to estimate productivity losses. We used budgetary documents and our direct medical and other direct cost estimates to approximate the governmental budgetary impact. Results: We estimated that the annual total financial burden of major adult visual disorders is $35.4 billion ($16.2 billion in direct medical costs, $11.1 billion in other direct costs, and $8 billion in productivity losses) and that the annual governmental budgetary impact is $13.7 billion. Conclusions: Major visual disorders among Americans older than 40 years result in substantial economic costs for the US economy. Well-designed public health programs may have the ability to reduce this burden in the future. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy Law & Management, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Michigan, Vet Affairs Hlth Serv Res, Dev Ctr Practice Management & Outcomes Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Rein, DB (reprint author), RTI Int, 2951 Flowers Rd,Suite 119, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. EM drein@rti.org OI Lee, Paul/0000-0002-3338-136X FU PHS HHS [200-2002-00776] NR 35 TC 231 Z9 235 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 124 IS 12 BP 1754 EP 1760 DI 10.1001/archopht.124.12.1754 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 115LE UT WOS:000242735000011 PM 17159036 ER PT J AU Barson, JV AF Barson, John V. TI Microwave oven to the stars? SO AVIATION SPACE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT News Item C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bioterrorism Prepardeness & Response, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barson, JV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bioterrorism Prepardeness & Response, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AEROSPACE MEDICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 320 S HENRY ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3579 USA SN 0095-6562 J9 AVIAT SPACE ENVIR MD JI Aviat. Space Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 12 BP 1302 EP 1302 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Sport Sciences GA 114NG UT WOS:000242672300017 PM 17183932 ER PT J AU Mohan, KVK Glass, RI Atreya, CD AF Mohan, K. V. K. Glass, R. I. Atreya, C. D. TI Comparative molecular characterization of gene segment 11-derived NSP6 from lamb rotavirus LLR strain used as a human vaccine in China SO BIOLOGICALS LA English DT Article DE gene 11; NSP6; phosphorylation; rotavirus; vaccine ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; IN-VIVO; PHOSPHORYLATION; PROTEINS; LOCALIZATION; MICE AB Sequence-length polymorphism is known for rotavirus genetic segment 11 (encodes non-structural protein, NSP6). With the exception of 11 strains that have the coding potential for a 98-residue NSP6, majority of the strains have the potential for a 92-residue NSP6. In nine strains, the coding potential for this protein is even shorter. This report focuses on the NSP6 gene nucleotide sequence of Lanzhou Lamb Rotavirus (LLR) strain and its comparative molecular characterization. The LLR strain is a G 10 PI 2 type, which is in use as a licensed human vaccine in China. The LLR NSP6 was compared with 56 other rotaviral NSP6 sequences including a rhesus strain (RRV) available in the database. Analyses indicate that while RRV-NSP6 belongs to the majority (92-residue) group, the LLR NSP6 belongs to the 98-residue group. When the rotavirus NSP6 protein was expressed in cells as GFP fusion protein from human, simian and the LLR strains, they all demonstrated punctate cytoplasmic distribution and. contrary to the computer-aided prediction, the NSP6 did not undergo phosphorylation, which in itself is a novel observation for the rotavirus NSP6. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The International Association for Biologicals. C1 US FDA, CBER, Div Viral Prod, Sect Viral Pathogenesis & Vaccine Adverse React, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Atreya, CD (reprint author), US FDA, CBER, Div Viral Prod, Sect Viral Pathogenesis & Vaccine Adverse React, Bldg 29A,Room 2C-11,HFM-460,8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM atreya@cber.fda.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1045-1056 J9 BIOLOGICALS JI Biologicals PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 4 BP 265 EP 272 DI 10.1016/j.biologicals.2005.11.005 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 114QG UT WOS:000242680100003 PM 16492399 ER PT J AU Kirby, RS Mai, CT AF Kirby, Russell S. Mai, Cara T. TI Population-based birth defects surveillance systems in the United States SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kirby, RS (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 76 IS 12 BP 835 EP 836 DI 10.1002/bdra.20334 PG 2 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 113XR UT WOS:000242631800001 PM 17109395 ER PT J AU Rozman, KK Bhatia, J Calafat, AM Chambers, C Culty, M Etzel, RA Flaws, JA Hansen, DK Hoyer, PB Jeffery, EH Kesner, JS Marty, S Thomas, JA Umbach, D AF Rozman, Karl K. Bhatia, Jatinder Calafat, Antonia M. Chambers, Christina Culty, Martine Etzel, Ruth A. Flaws, Jodi A. Hansen, Deborah K. Hoyer, Patricia B. Jeffery, Elizabeth H. Kesner, James S. Marty, Sue Thomas, John A. Umbach, David TI NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of genistein SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; MAMMARY-GLAND DEVELOPMENT; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; LUTEINIZING-HORMONE SECRETION; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ESTROGENS; TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITORS; SEXUALLY DIMORPHIC NUCLEUS; MATERNAL DIETARY EXPOSURE; PURIFIED SOY ISOFLAVONES; EPIDERMAL-GROWTH-FACTOR C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Sci, Washington, DC USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Genet & Reprod Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Physiol, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol Res Lab, Midland, MI 48674 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Rozman, KK (reprint author), NIEHS EC-32,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 ES045002-12] NR 235 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 6 BP 485 EP 638 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20087 PG 154 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 119AD UT WOS:000242983700001 PM 17186522 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Salihu, HM Alexander, GR AF Boulet, Sheree L. Salihu, Hamisu M. Alexander, Greg R. TI Mode of delivery and the survival of macrosomic infants in the United States, 1995-1999 SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article DE macrosomia; neonatal mortality; cesarean section ID ELECTIVE CESAREAN DELIVERY; BRACHIAL-PLEXUS INJURY; FETAL MACROSOMIA; RISK-FACTORS; WEIGHT; FETUS; ULTRASONOGRAPHY; COMPLICATIONS; PREDICTION; OUTCOMES AB Background: Although increases in perinatal mortality risk associated with fetal macrosomia are well documented, the optimal route of delivery for fetuses with suspected macrosomia remains controversial. The objective of this investigation was to assess the risk of neonatal death among macrosomic infants delivered vaginally compared with those delivered by cesarean section. Methods: Data were derived from the U.S. 1995-1999 Linked Live Birth-Infant Death Cohort files and term (37-44 wk), single live births to United States resident mothers selected. A proportional hazards model was used to analyze the risk of neonatal death associated with cesarean delivery among 3 categories of macrosomic infants (infants weighing 4,000-4,499 g; 4,500-4,999 g; and 5,000+ g). Results: After controlling for maternal characteristics and complications, the adjusted hazard ratio for neonatal death associated with cesarean delivery among the 3 categories of macrosomic infants was 1.40, 1.30, and 0.85. Conclusions: Although cesarean delivery may reduce the risk of death for the heaviest infants (5,000+ g), the relative benefit of this intervention for macrosomic infants weighing 4,000-4,999 g remains debatable. Thus, policies in support of prophylactic cesarean delivery for suspected fetal macrosomia may need to be reevaluated. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mat & Child Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ USA. Univ S Florida, Lawton & Rhea Chiles Ctr Healthy Mothers & Babies, Tampa, FL USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mat & Child Hlth, 320 Ryals Bldg,1665 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 31 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1111/j.1523-536X.2006.00119.x PG 6 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 106OP UT WOS:000242110600003 PM 17150065 ER PT J AU Taylor, WRJ Terlouw, DJ Olliaro, PL White, NJ Brasseur, P ter Kuile, FO AF Taylor, Walter R. J. Terlouw, Dianne J. Olliaro, Piero L. White, Nicholas J. Brasseur, Philippe ter Kuile, Feiko O. TI Use of weight-for-age data to optimize tablet strength and dosing regimens for a new fixed-dose artesunate-amodiaquine combination for treating falciparum malaria SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article ID ARTEMETHER-LUMEFANTRINE; UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA; ORAL ARTESUNATE; ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVES; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; IMPROVE ADHERENCE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; HOME TREATMENT; WESTERN KENYA; RURAL KENYA AB Objective. To testa novel methodology to define age-based dosing regimens for the treatment of malaria with anew, user-friendly, blister-packaged fixed-dose combination of artesunate and amodiaquine. Methods. A weight-for-age reference database of 88 054 individuals from sub-Saharan Africa was compiled using data from Demographic Health Surveys, observational and intervention studies, and standardized for sex, age and malaria risk. We then determined the optimal tablet strength (milligram (mg) per tablet) and age-dose categories for the combination of artesunate and amodiaquine, The proportions of patients predicted to receive doses within newly defined therapeutic ranges for amodiaquine (7-15 mg/kg/day) and artesunate (2-10 mg/kg/day), were estimated for different age categories and mg tablet strengths using models based on the weight-for-age reference database. Findings. The optimal paediatric (p) and adult (a) strength tablets contained 25/67.5 and 100/270 mg artesunate/amodiaquine, respectively. A regimen with five age categories: 0-1 months (1/2 p), 2-11 months (1 p), 1-5 years (2 p), 6-13 years (1 a), and >= 14 years (2 a) had an overall dosing accuracy of 83.4% and 99.9% for amodiaduine and artesunate, respectively. Conclusion.The proposed method to use weight-for-age reference data from countries where malaria is endemic is a useful tool for designing age-based dosing regimens for antimalarial drugs for drug registration and field use. C1 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Univ Rouen, Dept Parasitol, Rouen, France. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, TDR, PDE, Pred Res & Dev,World Hlth Organizat Special Progr, Geneva, Switzerland. RP ter Kuile, FO (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. EM terkuile@liv.ac.uk RI White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012 FU Wellcome Trust NR 48 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 84 IS 12 BP 956 EP 964 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 111DP UT WOS:000242431900009 PM 17242831 ER PT J AU Merz, LR Warren, DK Kollef, MH Fridkin, SK Fraser, VJ AF Merz, Liana R. Warren, David K. Kollef, Marin H. Fridkin, Scott K. Fraser, Victoria J. TI The impact of an antibiotic cycling program on empirical therapy for gram-negative infections SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE antibiotics; antibiotic rotation; antimicrobial resistance; ICU; outcomes ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; INADEQUATE ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT; VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; PATIENT OUTCOMES; BACTEREMIA; RESISTANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CULTURES AB Background: Antimicrobial-resistant organisms are an emerging problem in the ICU. Therapy cycling empiric antibiotics between various classes may influence bacterial resistance patterns. Understanding the impact of cycling on the appropriate treatment of suspected Gram-negative infections is important. Methods: Data were prospectively collected on patients who were admitted to a 19-bed medical ICU (MICU). A total of 1, 172 patients were admitted to the MICU for > 48 h and were evaluated during a 28.5-month period. After 4.5 months of baseline data collection, an antibiotic-cycling protocol was implemented, using four different antibiotic classes with Gram-negative activity that were cycled every 13 to 4 months. Therapy was considered to be inappropriate if the subsequent bacterial isolate was resistant to the empiric drug used. Results: There were 59 bloodstream infections (BSIs), 17 ventilator-associated pneumonias (VAPs), and 101 urinary tract infections (UTIs) involving Gram-negative bacteria among 139 patients. Fifty-five infections (31%) were due to Gram-negative bacteria resistant to one or more antibiotic agents (BSIs, 18 [30%]; VAPs, 4 [23%]; and UTIs, 33 [33%]). Fifteen patients received inappropriate empiral therapy for IS resistant Gram-negative infections (BSIs, 7 [39%]; VAPs, 3 [75%]; UTIs, 8 [24%]). Patients receiving inappropriate therapy were move likely to die (10 patients [67%] vs 40 patients [32%], respectively; p < 0.01). There was no difference in the receipt of appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy during the baseline compared to cycling (infectious episodes, 15% vs 10%, respectively; p = 0.4). Conclusions: Antimicrobial resistance occurred in almost 30% of ICU infections involving Gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic cycling was not associated with significant changes in the receipt of appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy for the treatment of ICU infections. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Merz, LR (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Box 8051,660 S Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM lmerz@im.wustl.edu OI Warren, David/0000-0001-8679-8241 FU NIAID NIH HHS [1K2 AI 50585-01A1]; PHS HHS [UR8/CCU 715087, U50/CCU 717925-03-01] NR 25 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD DEC PY 2006 VL 130 IS 6 BP 1672 EP 1678 DI 10.1378/chest.130.6.1672 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 117MB UT WOS:000242876200011 PM 17166981 ER PT J AU Munsiff, SS Kambili, C Ahuja, SD AF Munsiff, Sonal S. Kambili, Chrispin Ahuja, Shama Desai TI Rifapentine for the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; ONCE-WEEKLY RIFAPENTINE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CONTINUATION PHASE; MURINE TUBERCULOSIS; LATENT TUBERCULOSIS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; PHARMACOKINETICS; RIFAMPICIN; RESISTANCE AB Rifapentine is a recently approved antituberculosis drug that has not yet been widely used in clinical settings. Clinical data support intermittent use of rifapentine with isoniazid during the continuation phase of tuberculosis treatment. Patients with culture-positive, noncavitary, pulmonary tuberculosis whose sputum smear is negative for acid-fast bacilli at the end of the 2-month intensive treatment phase are eligible for rifapentine therapy. Rifapentine should not be used in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, given their increased risk of developing rifampin resistance with currently recommended dosages. Rifapentine is not currently recommended for children aged < 12 years, pregnant or lactating women, or individuals with culture-negative or extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Rifapentine (600 mg) is administered once weekly with isoniazid (900 mg) during the continuation phase of treatment. This combination should only be given under direct observation. As with rifampin, drug-drug interactions are common, and regular patient monitoring is required. Ease of administration makes this regimen attractive both for tuberculosis-control programs and for patients. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Munsiff, SS (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, Bur TB Control, 225 Broadway,22nd Fl,CN72B, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM smunsiff@health.nyc.gov NR 48 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 11 BP 1468 EP 1475 DI 10.1086/508278 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 102CF UT WOS:000241787700017 PM 17083024 ER PT J AU Miller, CH AF Miller, Connie H. TI Laboratory tests for the diagnosis of thrombotic disorders SO CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thrombosis; thrombophilia; pregnancy ID VON-WILLEBRAND-FACTOR; FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; FACTOR-VIII; PROTEIN-C; DISEASE; DEFICIENCY; PREGNANCY; CRITERIA; RISK AB Diagnosis of thrombotic disorders depends on the performance of a panel of laboratory tests for individual components of the coagulation mechanism. Although genetic tests are simple and accurate, most disorders still require functional or immunologic tests for diagnosis. Tests for the most important thrombotic defects are described. These tests may be significantly altered by pregnancy,.hormones, thrombotic events, systemic illness, and anticoagulant therapy. These changes make some thrombotic disorders difficult. to diagnose during pregnancy. Testing before pregnancy for women with a personal or family history of thrombosis will simplify the interpretation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. RP Miller, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-02, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM cmiller2@cdc.gov OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-9201 J9 CLIN OBSTET GYNECOL JI Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 4 BP 844 EP 849 DI 10.1097/01.grf.0000211953.59336.94 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 102QO UT WOS:000241828000012 PM 17082679 ER PT J AU Sandman, L Mosher, A Khan, A Tapy, J Condos, R Ferrell, S Vernon, A AF Sandman, Laurie Mosher, Ann Khan, Awal Tapy, Jan Condos, Rany Ferrell, Scott Vernon, Andrew CA TB Trials Consortium TI Quality assurance in a large clinical trials consortium: The experience of the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium SO CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE quality assurance; multicenter clinical trials; data management; monitoring; data quality assurance ID MULTICENTER TRIALS; RESEARCH NETWORK; DATA MANAGEMENT AB Quality assurance (QA) is essential for data accuracy and proper evaluation of study objectives in clinical trials. The Tuberculosis Trials Consortium (TBTC)-a collaboration of 28 clinical sites and the Centers for Disease Control and Preventionhas developed a comprehensive QA program that provides quantitative assessments of performance based on clearly defined standards that are communicated to data collectors through a feedback process. The Implementation and Quality Committee of the TBTC developed a Site Evaluation Report (SER) that assesses performance measures (PMs) critical to the accomplishment of study objectives. PMs are defined, quantified, and evaluated, and goals and minimum acceptable scores are specified. Sites not meeting a PM minimum must provide an explanation and develop a plan to meet the goal. Site-specific and system-wide problems can be readily identified through this process. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Denver Hlth & Hosp, Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. SAIC Frederick Inc, Frederick, MD USA. RP Mosher, A (reprint author), Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Box 3306, Durham, NC 27710 USA. EM moshe001@mc.duke.edu NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1551-7144 J9 CONTEMP CLIN TRIALS JI Contemp. Clin. Trials PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 554 EP 560 DI 10.1016/j.cct.2006.06.003 PG 7 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 116GH UT WOS:000242790000008 PM 16876488 ER PT J AU Saxena, S Copas, AJ Mercer, C Johnson, AM Fenton, K Erens, B Nanchahal, K Macdowall, W Wellings, K AF Saxena, Sonia Copas, Andrew J. Mercer, Catherine Johnson, Anne M. Fenton, Kevin Erens, Bob Nanchahal, Kiran Macdowall, Wendy Wellings, Kaye TI Ethnic variations in sexual activity and contraceptive use: national cross-sectional survey (vol 74, pg 224, 2006) SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Correction C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Primary Care & Social Med, Div Epidemiol Publ Hlth & Primary Care, London W6 8RP, England. UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Dept Primary Care & Populat Sci, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, London WC1E 6AU, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Social Res, London EC1B 0AX, England. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Policy, Ctr Sexual & Reprod Hlth Res, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Saxena, S (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Primary Care & Social Med, Div Epidemiol Publ Hlth & Primary Care, London Charing Cross Campus, London W6 8RP, England. RI Saxena, Sonia/G-4821-2013 OI Saxena, Sonia/0000-0003-3787-2083 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD DEC PY 2006 VL 74 IS 6 BP 498 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.10.001 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 120ES UT WOS:000243067200012 ER PT J AU Zhang, ST Ahearn, DG Noble-Wang, JA Stulting, RD Schwam, BL Simmons, RB Pierce, GE Crow, SA AF Zhang, Shangtong Ahearn, Donald G. Noble-Wang, Judith A. Stulting, R. Doyle Schwam, Brian L. Simmons, Robert B. Pierce, George E. Crow, Sidney A., Jr. TI Growth and survival of Fusarium solani-F-oxysporum complex on stressed multipurpose contact lens care solution films on plastic surfaces in situ and in vitro SO CORNEA LA English DT Article DE Fusarium solani-F. oxysporum complex; stressed multipurpose contact lens solution films; ReNu with MoistureLoc; microcycle conidiation; contact lens ID OUTBREAK AB Purpose: To analyze factors implicating the association of ReNu with MoistureLoc (ReNu ML) multipurpose contact lens solution (MPS) with the increased incidence of Fusarium keratitis. Methods: Used contact lens cases with and without contact lenses and NIPS containers were collected from patients with confirmed or possible Fusarium keratitis. Direct microscopy including transparent adhesive tape preparations and swab cultures were used to determine fungal colonization. Survival and growth of selected isolates of Fusarium spp. in drying NIPS on plastic surfaces were determined by microscopy and recoverable colony counts on enriched agar. Results: Discrete regions of fungal colonization, including occasional microcycle conidiation and chlamydospore formation, were observed on the surfaces of contact lens cases and, less often, on solution containers that had been used by patients with Fusarium keratitis associated with the use of ReNu ML. Isolates provisionally grouped with the F solani-F oxysporum complex were inhibited by fresh NIPS in original solution containers and contact lens cases, but survived in stressed (drying) films of MPS, particularly ReNu ML. These in vitro test results were similar to the direct in situ observations of the materials from patients. Conclusions: Selective, rapid growth and survival of cells of the F solani-F oxysporum complex on plastic surfaces, particularly of contact lens cases with stressed ReNu ML films, may explain, in part, the recent Fusarium keratitis outbreak. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Zhang, ST (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Kell Hall 24,Peachtree Ctr Ave, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM zhangshangtong@yahoo.com NR 12 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0277-3740 J9 CORNEA JI Cornea PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 10 BP 1210 EP 1216 DI 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31802dd3a4 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 120YD UT WOS:000243121800016 PM 17172900 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE AF Bennett, Diane E. TI The requirement for surveillance of HIV drug resistance within antiretroviral rollout in the developing world SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE drug resistance; HIV; surveillance ID RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; THERAPY PROGRAMS; NORTH-AMERICA; COTE-DIVOIRE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; HIGH PREVALENCE; SAN-FRANCISCO; SCALING-UP AB Purpose of review To describe surveillance measures to inform HIV drug-resistance prevention, as part of the public health approach to antiretroviral therapy in developing countries. Recent findings Neither HIV drug-resistance transmission nor its emergence in treatment is routinely assessed in the developing world, but routine methods should be part of antiretroviral therapy scale-up. Mathematical modelling and experience in resource-rich countries suggest HIV drug-resistance transmission will increase as antiretroviral therapy coverage increases, but its rise will be limited initially. Transmission surveys should begin in geographic areas in each country where antiretroviral therapy coverage is widespread. Reports from resource-limited countries as in resource-rich countries, which should limit HIV drug resistance if effectiveness is maintained with antiretroviral therapy expansion. Surveillance of HIV drug resistance emerging in treatment and other factors will support implementation of prevention measures on a population Summary Standardized surveillance of transmitted and treatment-associated HIV drug resistance is critical to the success of antiretroviral therapy expansion in developing countries. Routine assessment of prescribing practices, availability of and access to appropriate regimens for adults and children, antiretroviral drug supply continuity, and measures to prevent HIV transmission will supply, critical information for HIV drug-resistance prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bennett, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BennettD@who.int NR 77 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 19 IS 6 BP 607 EP 614 DI 10.1097/QCO.0b013e3280109ff1 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 112GI UT WOS:000242513400012 PM 17075338 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Li, CY Imperatore, G Cook, S AF Ford, Earl S. Li, Chaoyang Imperatore, Giuseppina Cook, Stephen TI Age, sex, and ethnic variations in serum insulin concentrations among US youth SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; FASTING PLASMA-INSULIN; PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN; YOUNG-ADULTS; BODY-FAT; RESISTANCE SYNDROME; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MEXICAN-AMERICAN; INDIAN CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVE - Distributions of serum concentrations of insulin among adolescents and young adults are poorly understood in the U.S. The objective of this study was to describe the distribution of serum insulin across demographic characteristics of U.S. adolescents and young adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A total of 1,791 male and female subjects aged 12-19 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys for 1999-2002 were included in the analyses. RESULTS - Among male participants, serum concentrations of insulin increased from age 12 to 14 years before decreasing. Among female participants, concentrations were highest at age 13 years before decreasing steadily through age 19 years. Among participants aged 12-17 years but not those aged 18-19 years, females had higher mean log-transformed concentrations than males (P, Wald, F = 0.038 and 0. 125, respectively) after adjusting for age and ethnicity. After adjusting for age and BMI percentile, mean log-transformed concentrations were higher in African-American females aged 12-17 years than in white or Mexican-American participants. No significant ethnic differences were found among female participants aged 18-19 years or male participants aged 12-19 years. Concentrations of insulin increased strongly with increasing levels of BMI. CONCLUSIONS - These results provide detailed information about serum concentrations of insulin in a representative sample of U.S. adolescents and young adults and may be useful to monitor future trends of this risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 12 BP 2605 EP 2611 DI 10.2337/dc06-1083 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 111KM UT WOS:000242450300006 PM 17130192 ER PT J AU Lu, TH Hsu, PY Bjorkenstam, C Anderson, RN AF Lu, T. H. Hsu, P. Y. Bjorkenstam, C. Anderson, R. N. TI Certifying diabetes-related cause-of-death: a comparison of inappropriate certification statements in Sweden, Taiwan and the USA SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE cause-of-death; death certificates; diabetes mellitus; mortality ID MORTALITY AB The aim of this study was to assess differences in the certification practices of physicians in Sweden, Taiwan and the USA with regard to diabetes-related cause-of-death (COD) statements. Multiple-cause-of-death data from Sweden (2000), Taiwan (2001) and the USA (2001) were used for this study. All deaths with mention of diabetes anywhere on the death certificate were extracted for analysis. Two types of inappropriate COD statements were: (1) reporting two or more diagnoses per line; and (2) entering an incorrect causal sequence among reported diagnoses. Of those deaths in which diabetes was reported in Part I of the death certificate, American physicians (19%) were less likely to report two or more diagnoses per line than physicians in Sweden (46%) and Taiwan (56%). On the other hand, Swedish physicians (5%) were less likely to report incorrect causal sequences than were their counterparts in Taiwan (21%) and the USA (28%). These findings reveal substantial differences in diabetes-related COD statements among physicians in Sweden, Taiwan and the USA, implying that caution should be used when interpreting differences in mortality statistics between these countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Mortal Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Coll Med, Inst Publ Hlth, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. Dept Hlth, Stat Off, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Board Hlth & Welf, Ctr Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Anderson, RN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Mortal Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 7318, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rca7@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 12 BP 2878 EP 2881 DI 10.1007/s00125-006-0470-6 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 104GZ UT WOS:000241948200010 PM 17031611 ER PT J AU Marano, N Arguin, P Pappaioanou, M Chomel, B Schelling, E Martin, V Butler, JC Ben Beard, C King, L AF Marano, Nina Arguin, Paul Pappaioanou, Marguerite Chomel, Bruno Schelling, Esther Martin, Vincent Butler, Jay C. Ben Beard, C. King, Lonnie TI International attention for zoonotic infections SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. UN, Food & Agr Org, Rome, Italy. RP Marano, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop EO3, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM NMarano@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1813 EP 1815 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 109IR UT WOS:000242301900001 ER PT J AU Luby, SP Rahman, M Hossain, MJ Blum, LS Husain, MM Gurley, E Khan, R Ahmed, BN Rahman, S Nahar, N Kenah, E Comer, JA Ksiazek, TG AF Luby, Stephen P. Rahman, Mahmudur Hossain, M. Jahangir Blum, Lauren S. Husain, M. Mushtaq Gurley, Emily Khan, Rasheda Ahmed, Be-Nazir Rahman, Shafiqur Nahar, Nazmun Kenah, Eben Comer, James A. Ksiazek, Thomas G. TI Foodborne transmission of Nipah virus, Bangladesh SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FLYING-FOXES; ENCEPHALITIS; OUTBREAK; MALAYSIA; PARAMYXOVIRUS; INFECTION; HENDRA; PIGS AB We investigated an outbreak of encephalitis in Tangail District, Bangladesh. We defined case-patients as persons from the outbreak area in whom fever developed with new onset of seizures or altered mental status from December 15, 2004, through January 31, 2005. Twelve persons met the definition; 11 (92%) died. Serum specimens were available from 3; 2 had immunoglobulin M antibodies against Nipah virus by capture enzyme immunoassay. We enrolled 11 case-patients and 33 neighborhood controls in a case-control study. The only exposure significantly associated with illness was drinking raw date palm sap (64% among case-patients vs. 18% among controls, odds ratio [OR] 7.9, p = 0.01). Fruit bats (Pteropus giganteus) are a nuisance to date palm sap collectors because the bats drink from the clay pots used to collect the sap at night. This investigation suggests that Nipah virus was transmitted from P giganteus to persons through drinking fresh date palm sap. C1 ICDDRB, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Inst Epidemiol Dis Control & Res, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Luby, SP (reprint author), ICDDRB, GPO Box 128, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh. EM sluby@icddrb.org RI Gurley, Emily/B-7903-2010 OI Gurley, Emily/0000-0002-8648-9403 FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [IUC01/CI000298-01, U01 CI000298] NR 24 TC 160 Z9 170 U1 2 U2 28 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1888 EP 1894 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 109IR UT WOS:000242301900013 PM 17326940 ER PT J AU Markotter, W Kuzmin, I Rupprecht, CE Randles, J Sabeta, CT Wandeler, AI Nel, LH AF Markotter, Wanda Kuzmin, Ivan Rupprecht, Charles E. Randles, Jenny Sabeta, Claude T. Wandeler, Alexander I. Nel, Louis H. TI Isolation of Lagos bat virus from water mongoose SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RABIES VIRUS; SOUTH-AFRICA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LYSSAVIRUSES; SEQUENCE AB A genotype 2 lyssavirus, Lagos bat virus (LBV), was isolated from a terrestrial wildlife species (water mongoose) in August 2004 in the Durban area of the KwaZulu-Natal Province of South Africa. The virus isolate was confirmed as LBV by antigenic and genetic characterization, and the mongoose was identified as Atilax paludinosus by mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence analysis. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated sequence homology with previous LBV isolates from South African bats. Studies performed in mice indicated that the peripheral pathogenicity of LBV had been underestimated in previous studies. Surveillance strategies for LBV in Africa must be improved to better understand the epidemiology of this virus and to make informed decisions on future vaccine strategies because evidence that current rabies vaccines provide protection against LBV is insufficient. C1 Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Allerton Vet Lab, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. Onderstepoort Vet Res Inst, Pretoria, South Africa. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Nepean, ON, Canada. RP Nel, LH (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, Dept Microbiol & Plant Pathol, Fac Nat & Agr Sci, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM louis.nel@up.ac.za RI Nel, Louis/F-1001-2012; OI Markotter, Wanda/0000-0002-7550-0080 NR 26 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1913 EP 1918 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 109IR UT WOS:000242301900017 PM 17326944 ER PT J AU Favoretto, SR de Mattos, CC de Morais, NB Carrieri, ML Rolim, BN Silva, LM Rupprecht, CE Durigon, EL de Mattos, CA AF Favoretto, Silvana R. de Mattos, Cecilia C. de Morais, Nelio B. Carrieri, Maria Luiza Rolim, Benedito N. Silva, Lucia M. Rupprecht, Charles E. Durigon, Edison L. de Mattos, Carlos A. TI Rabies virus maintained by dogs in humans and terrestrial wildlife, Ceara State, Brazil SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION AB Rabies viruses circulating in Ceara, Brazil, were identified by molecular analysis to be related to variants maintained by dogs, bats, and other wildlife. Most of these viruses are associated with human rabies cases. We document the emergence of a rabies virus variant responsible for an independent epidemic cycle in the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous). C1 Inst Pasteur Sao Paulo, BR-01311000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Secretaria Estadual Saude Ceara, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RP Favoretto, SR (reprint author), Inst Pasteur Sao Paulo, Av Paulista 393, BR-01311000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM srfavoretto@ig.com.br NR 14 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1978 EP 1981 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 109IR UT WOS:000242301900031 PM 17326958 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Morrison, MA Fridkin, SK Reingold, A Petit, S Gershman, K Ray, S Harrison, LH Lynfield, R Dumyati, G Townes, JM Craig, AS Fosheim, G McDougal, LK Tenover, FC AF Klevens, R. Monina Morrison, Melissa A. Fridkin, Scott K. Reingold, Arthur Petit, Susan Gershman, Ken Ray, Susan Harrison, Lee H. Lynfield, Ruth Dumyati, Ghinwa Townes, John M. Craig, Allen S. Fosheim, Gregory McDougal, Linda K. Tenover, Fred C. CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and healthcare risk factors SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; EMERGENCE AB To determine frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections caused by strains typically associated with community-acquired infections (USA300) among persons with healthcare-related risk factors (HRFs), we evaluated surveillance data. Of patients with HRFs, 18%-28% had a "community-associated" strain, primarily USA300; of patients without HRFs, 26% had a "healthcare-associated" strain, typically USA100. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop A24,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Connecticut Dept Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Colorad Emerging Infect Program, Denver, CO USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop A24,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rmk2@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 1991 EP 1993 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 109IR UT WOS:000242301900035 PM 17326962 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Spatial distribution and the animal landscape SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP 2005 EP 2006 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 109IR UT WOS:000242301900042 PM 17354337 ER PT J AU Gwinn, MR Vallyathan, V AF Gwinn, Maureen R. Vallyathan, Val TI Nanoparticles: Health effects - Pros and cons SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE cons; nanoparticle toxicity; nanotechnology; pros ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; MODIFIED SILICA NANOPARTICLES; INHALED ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; DRUG-DELIVERY SYSTEMS; WALL CARBON NANOTUBES; IN-VIVO; GENE DELIVERY; PULMONARY TOXICITY; LUNG INFLAMMATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB With the advent of nanotechnology, the prospects for using engineered nanomaterials with diameters of < 100 nm in industrial applications, medical imaging, disease diagnoses, drug delivery, cancer treatment, gene therapy, and other areas have progressed rapidly. The potential for nanoparticles (NPs) in these areas is infinite, with novel new applications constantly being explored. The possible toxic health effects of these NPs associated with human exposure are unknown. Many fine particles generally considered "nuisance dusts" are likely to acquire unique surface properties when engineered to nanosize and may exhibit toxic biological effects. Consequently, the nuisance dust may be transported to distant sites and could induce adverse health effects. In addition the beneficial uses of NPs in drug delivery, cancer treatment, and gene therapy may cause unintentional human exposure. Because of our lack of knowledge about the health effects associated with NP exposure, we have an ethical duty to take precautionary measures regarding their use. In this review we highlight the possible toxic human health effects that can result from exposure to ultrafine particles (UFPs) generated by anthropogenic activities and their cardiopulmonary outcomes. The comparability of engineered NPs to UFPs suggests that the human health effects are likely to be similar. Therefore, it is prudent to elucidate their toxicologic effect to minimize occupational and environmental exposure. Highlighting the human health outcomes caused by UFPs is not intended to give a lesser importance to either the unprecedented technologic and industrial rewards of the nanotechnology or their beneficial human uses. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Vallyathan, V (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM vav1@cdc.gov NR 90 TC 240 Z9 254 U1 6 U2 71 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 114 IS 12 BP 1818 EP 1825 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 112BN UT WOS:000242500200025 PM 17185269 ER PT J AU Ye, XY Bishop, AM Reidy, JA Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Ye, Xiaoyun Bishop, Amber M. Reidy, John A. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Parabens as urinary biomarkers of exposure in humans SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; conjugate; ethylparaben; metabolism; methylparaben; butylparaben; n-propylparaben; p-hydroxybenzoic acid esters; urine ID P-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID; MALE REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; HUMAN BREAST-TUMORS; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY EVALUATION; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; UNDERARM COSMETICS; IN-VITRO; PRACTICAL USAGE; BIOLOGICAL FATE AB BACKGROUND: Parabens appear frequently as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetic products, in pharmaceuticals, and in food and beverage processing. In vivo and in vitro studies have revealed weak estrogenic activity of some parabens. Widespread use has raised concerns about the potential human health risks associated with paraben exposure. OBJECTIVE: Assessing human exposure to parabens usually involves measuring in urine the conjugated or free species of parabens or their metabolites. In animals, parabens are mostly hydrolyzed to p-hydroxybenzoic acid and excreted in the urine as conjugates. Still, monitoring urinary concentrations of p-hydroxybenzoic acid is not necessarily the best way to assess exposure to parabens. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid is a nonspecific biomarker, and the varying estrogenic bioactivities of parabens require specific biomarkers. Therefore, we evaluated the use of free and conjugated parent parabens as new biomarkers for human exposure to these compounds. RESULTS: We measured the urinary concentrations of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, butyl (n- and iso-), and benzyl parabens in a demographically diverse group of 100 anonymous adults. We detected methyl and n-propyl parabens at the highest median concentrations (43.9 ng/mL and 9.05 ng/mL, respectively) in nearly all (> 96%) of the samples. We also detected other parabens in more than half of the samples (ethyl, 58%; butyl, 69%). Most important, however, we found that parabens in urine appear predominantly in their conjugated forms. CONCLUSIONS: The results, demonstrating the presence of urinary conjugates of parabens in humans, suggest that such conjugated parabens could be used as exposure biomarkers. Additionally, the fact that conjugates appear to be the main urinary products of parabens may be important for risk assessment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop MS F53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 51 TC 127 Z9 131 U1 5 U2 59 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 114 IS 12 BP 1843 EP 1846 DI 10.1289/ehp.9413 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 112BN UT WOS:000242500200029 PM 17185273 ER PT J AU Herbert, R Moline, J Skloot, G Metzger, K Baron, S Luft, B Markowitz, S Udasin, I Harrison, D Stein, D Todd, A Enright, P Stellman, JM Landrigan, PJ Levin, SM AF Herbert, Robin Moline, Jacqueline Skloot, Gwen Metzger, Kristina Baron, Sherry Luft, Benjamin Markowitz, Steven Udasin, Iris Harrison, Denise Stein, Diane Todd, Andrew Enright, Paul Stellman, Jeanne Mager Landrigan, Philip J. Levin, Stephen M. TI The World Trade Center disaster and the health of workers: Five-year assessment of a unique medical screening program SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; disaster response; occupational lung disease; pulmonary function; September II; spirometry; World Trade Center ID CENTER COLLAPSE; PARTICULATE MATTER; CENTER SITE; EXPOSURE; VALUES; FIREFIGHTERS; SYMPTOMS; VALIDITY; SAMPLE; VOLUME AB BACKGROUND: Approximately 40,000 rescue and recovery workers were exposed to caustic dust and toxic pollutants following the 11 September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC). These workers included traditional first responders, such as firefighters and police, and a diverse population of construction, utility, and public sector workers. METHODS: To characterize WTC-related health effects, the, WTC Worker and Volunteer Medical Screening Program was established. This multicenter clinical program provides free standardized examinations to responders. Examinations include medical, mental health, and exposure assessment questionnaires; physical examinations; spirometry; and chest X rays. RESULTS: Of 9,442 responders examined between July 2002 and April 2004, 69% reported new or worsened respiratory symptoms while performing WTC work. Symptoms persisted to the time of examination in 59% of these workers. Among those who had been asymptomatic before September 11, 61% developed respiratory symptoms while performing WTC work. Twenty-eight percent had abnormal spirometry; forced vital capacity (FVC) was low in 21%; and obstruction was present in 5%. Among nonsmokers, 27% had abnormal spirometry compared with 13% in the general U.S. population. Prevalence of low FVC among nonsmokers was 5-fold greater than in the U.S. population (20% vs. 4%). Respiratory symptoms and spirometry abnormalities were significantly associated with early arrival at the site. CONCLUSION: WTC responders had exposure-related increases in respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function test abnormalities that persisted up to 2.5 years after the attacks. Long-term medical monitoring is required to track persistence of these abnormalities and identify late effects, including possible malignancies. Lessons learned should guide future responses to civil disasters. C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Div Pulm Crit Care & Sleep Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Port Jefferson, NY USA. CUNY Queens Coll, Ctr Biol Nat Syst, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Dept Environm Med, Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Herbert, R (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, 1 Gustave L Levy Pl,Box 1057, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM robin.herbert@mssm.edu OI Luft, Benjamin/0000-0001-9008-7004 FU NIOSH CDC HHS [5U10 OH008232] NR 35 TC 140 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 14 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 114 IS 12 BP 1853 EP 1858 DI 10.1289/ehp.9592 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 112BN UT WOS:000242500200031 PM 17185275 ER PT J AU Blount, BC Pirkle, JL Osterloh, JD Valentin-Blasini, L Caldwell, KL AF Blount, Benjamin C. Pirkle, James L. Osterloh, John D. Valentin-Blasini, Liza Caldwell, Kathleen L. TI Urinary perchlorate and thyroid hormone levels in adolescent and adult men and women living in the United States SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE exposure; iodine; NHANES; perchlorate; thyroid; thyroxine; TSH ID REACTIVE PROTEIN-LEVELS; LOW-DOSE PERCHLORATE; SURVEY NHANES-III; NATIONAL-HEALTH; IODIDE UPTAKE; COMPETITIVE-INHIBITION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; DRINKING-WATER; SERUM TSH; LONG-TERM AB BACKGROUND: Perchlorate is commonly found in the environment and known to inhibit thyroid function at high doses. Assessing the potential effect of low-level exposure to Perchlorate on thyroid function is an area of ongoing research. OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the potential relationship between urinary levels of Perchlorate and serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and total thyroxine (T(4)) in 2,299 men and women, 2, 12 years of age, participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) during 2001-2002. METHODS: We used multiple regression models of T(4) and TSH that included Perchlorate and covariates known to be or likely to be associated with T(4) or TSH levels: age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, estrogen use, menopausal status, pregnancy status, premenarche status, serum C-reactive protein, serum albumin, serum cotinine, hours of fasting, urinary thiocyanate, urinary nitrate, and selected medication groups. RESULTS: Perchlorate was not a significant predictor of T(4) or TSH levels in men. For women overall, Perchlorate was a significant predictor of both T(4) and TSH. For women with urinary iodine < 100 mu g/L, Perchlorate was a significant negative predictor of T(4) (p < 0.0001) and a positive predictor of TSH (p = 0.001). For women with urinary iodine 2: 100 mu g/L, Perchlorate was a significant positive predictor of TSH (p = 0.025) but not T(4) (p = 0.550). CONCLUSIONS: These associations of Perchlorate with T(4) and TSH are coherent in direction and independent of other variables known to affect thyroid function, but are present at Perchlorate exposure levels that were unanticipated based on previous studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Blount, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bkb3@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009 NR 58 TC 165 Z9 175 U1 2 U2 26 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 114 IS 12 BP 1865 EP 1871 DI 10.1289/ehp.9466 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 112BN UT WOS:000242500200033 PM 17185277 ER PT J AU Strosnider, H Azziz-Baumgartner, E Banziger, M Bhat, RV Breiman, R Brune, MN DeCock, K Dilley, A Groopman, J Hell, K Henry, SH Jeffers, D Jolly, C Jolly, P Kibata, GN Lewis, L Liu, XM Luber, G McCoy, L Mensah, P Miraglia, M Misore, A Njapau, H Ong, CN Onsongo, MTK Page, SW Park, D Patel, M Phillips, T Pineiro, M Pronczuk, J Rogers, HS Rubin, C Sabino, M Schaafsma, A Shephard, G Stroka, J Wild, C Williams, JT Wilson, D AF Strosnider, Heather Azziz-Baumgartner, Eduardo Banziger, Marianne Bhat, Ramesh V. Breiman, Robert Brune, Marie-Noel DeCock, Kevin Dilley, Abby Groopman, John Hell, Kerstin Henry, Sara H. Jeffers, Daniel Jolly, Curtis Jolly, Pauline Kibata, Gilbert N. Lewis, Lauren Liu, Xiumei Luber, George McCoy, Leslie Mensah, Patience Miraglia, Marina Misore, Ambrose Njapau, Henry Ong, Choon-Nam Onsongo, Mary T. K. Page, Samuel W. Park, Douglas Patel, Manish Phillips, Timothy Pineiro, Maya Pronczuk, Jenny Rogers, Helen Schurz Rubin, Carol Sabino, Myrna Schaafsma, Arthur Shephard, Gordon Stroka, Joerg Wild, Christopher Williams, Jonathan T. Wilson, David TI Workgroup report: Public health strategies for reducing aflatoxin exposure in developing countries SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE aflatoxins; biomonitoring; developing countries; food safety; hepatitis; hepatocellular carcinoma; public health; surveillance ID THIN-LAYER-CHROMATOGRAPHY; REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; WEST-AFRICA; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; LIVER-CANCER; DIETARY AFLATOXIN; ALBUMIN ADDUCTS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; MAIZE AB Consecutive outbreaks of acute aflatoxicosis in Kenya in 2004 and 2005 caused > 150 deaths. In,response, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization convened a workgroup, of international experts and health officials in Geneva, Switzerland, in July 2005. After discussions concerning what is known about aflatoxins, the workgroup identified gaps in current knowledge about acute and chronic human health effects of aflatoxins, surveillance and food monitoring, analytic methods, and the efficacy of intervention strategies. The workgroup, also identified public health strategies that could be integrated with current agricultural approaches to resolve gaps in current knowledge and ultimately reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the consumption of aflatoxin-contaminated food in the developing world. Four issues that warrant immediate attention were identified: a) quantify the human health impacts and the burden of disease due to aflatoxin exposure; b) compile an inventory, evaluate the efficacy, and disseminate results of ongoing intervention strategies; c) develop and augment the disease surveillance, food monitoring, laboratory, and public health response capacity of affected regions; and 4 develop a response protocol that can be used in the event of an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis. This report expands on the workgroup's discussions concerning aflatoxin in developing countries and summarizes the findings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Indian Council Med Res, Ctr Sci Soc & Culture, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Med Res Inst, Nairobi, Kenya. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Kenya Off, Nairobi, Kenya. Resolve, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Int Inst Trop Agr, Biol Control Ctr Africa, Cotonou, Benin. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD USA. Int Maize & Wheat Improvement Ctr, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Auburn Univ, Dept Agr Econ & Rural Sociol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Nutr & Food Safety, Beijing, Peoples R China. WHO, Reg Off Africa, Brazzaville, Congo. Ist Super Sanita, Ctr Food Risk Assessment & Qual, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Kenya Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Community Occupat & Family Med, Singapore 117548, Singapore. USDA, Foreign Agr Serv, Nairobi, Kenya. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Food Safety, College Stn, TX USA. Food & Agr Org, Food Qual & Stand Serv, Rome, Italy. Inst Adolfo Lutz Registro, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Guelph, Dept Plant Agr, Ridgetown, ON, Canada. S African MRC, Programme Mycotoxins & Expt Carcinogenesis, Tygerberg, South Africa. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. Univ Leeds, Sch Med, Mol Epidemiol Unit, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Georgia, Peanut Collaborat Res Support Program, Griffin, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Coastal Plain Expt Stn, Dept Plant Pathol, Tifton, GA 31793 USA. RP Strosnider, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop E19, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hks9@cdc.gov RI Ong, Choon Nam/E-8638-2010; OI Shephard, Gordon Seymour/0000-0002-1267-9036 NR 84 TC 103 Z9 106 U1 4 U2 29 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 114 IS 12 BP 1898 EP 1903 DI 10.1289/ehp.9302 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 112BN UT WOS:000242500200038 PM 17185282 ER PT J AU Stewart, PW Sargent, DM Reihman, J Gump, BB Lonky, E Darvill, T Hicks, H Pagano, J AF Stewart, Paul W. Sargent, David M. Reihman, Jacqueline Gump, Brooks B. Lonky, Edward Darvill, Thomas Hicks, Heraline Pagano, James TI Response inhibition during differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) schedules may be sensitive to low-level polychlorinated biphenyl, methylmercury, and lead exposure in children SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE differential reinforcement of low rates; DRL; fixed interval; inhibition; PCBs; polychlorinated biphenyls ID PRENATAL PCB EXPOSURE; GREAT-LAKES FISH; CONTROLLED BEHAVIOR; POSTNATAL EXPOSURE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; MATERNAL CONSUMPTION; RATIO PERFORMANCE; EARLY-CHILDHOOD; SCHOOL-AGE; IN-UTERO AB BACKGROUND: Animal studies have shown that exposure to common, low-level environmental contaminants [e.g., polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lead] causes excessive and inappropriate responding on intermittent reinforcement schedules. The Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates task (DRL) has been shown to be especially sensitive to low-level PCB exposure in monkeys. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the relationships between prenatal PCB and postnatal Pb exposure performance on a DRL schedule in children. We predicted that a) prenatal PCB exposure would reduce interresponse times (IRTs) and reinforcements earned, and b) postnatal Ph exposure would reduce IRTs and reinforcements earned. METHODS: We tested 167 children on a DRL20 (20 sec) reinforcement schedule, and recorded IRTs and the number of reinforced responses across the session. We measured prenatal PCB exposure (cord blood), methyltnercury (MeHg) (maternal hair), and postnatal Ph exposure (venous blood), and > 50 potentially confounding variables. RESULTS: Results indicated impaired performance in children exposed to PCBs, MeHg and Pb. Children prenatally exposed to PCBs responded excessively, with significantly lower IRTs and fewer reinforcers earned across the session. In addition, exposure to either MeHg or Ph predicted statistically significant impairments of a similar magnitude to those for PCBs, and the associated impairments of all three contaminants (PCB, MeHg, and Pb) were statistically independent of one another. CONCLUSIONS: These results, taken with animal literature, argue the high sensitivity of DRL performance to low-level PCB, MeHg, and Ph exposure. Future research should employ behavioral tasks in children, such as DRL, that have been demonstrably sensitive to low-level PCB, MeHg1 and Pb exposure in animals. C1 SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Psychol, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Environm Med, Atlanta, GA USA. SUNY Coll Oswego, Environm Res Ctr, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. RP Stewart, PW (reprint author), SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Psychol, 304 Mahar Hall, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. EM pstewar1@oswego.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES09815-04, R01 ES009815] NR 51 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 114 IS 12 BP 1923 EP 1929 DI 10.1289/ehp.9216 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 112BN UT WOS:000242500200042 PM 17185286 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Landsittel, D Nishioka, M Thomas, K Curwin, B Raymer, J Donnelly, KC McCauley, L Ryan, PB AF Barr, Dana B. Landsittel, Doug Nishioka, Marcia Thomas, Kent Curwin, Brian Raymer, James Donnelly, Kirby C. McCauley, Linda Ryan, P. Barry TI Statistical issues: Barr et al. - Respond SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID FARMWORKER EXPOSURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Duquesne Univ, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Texas A&M Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Penn, Sch Human Environm Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 114 IS 12 BP A689 EP A690 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 112BN UT WOS:000242500200004 ER PT J AU DuBois, AE Sinkala, M Kalluri, P Makasa-Chikoya, M Quick, RE AF DuBois, A. E. Sinkala, M. Kalluri, P. Makasa-Chikoya, M. Quick, R. E. TI Epidemic cholera in urban Zambia: hand soap and dried fish as protective factors SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article AB Between 28 November 2003 and 23 February 2004, 4343 cases and 154 deaths from cholera (case-fatality rate 3(.)5 %) were reported in Lusaka, Zambia. A case-control study was conducted in February 2004 to assess potential transmission routes and prevention strategies. Consumption of raw vegetables was significantly associated with cholera [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 4(.)7, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1(.)7-13, P=0(.)003). Consumption of a local sardine-like fish was protective (aOR 0(.)3, 95% CI 0(.)1-0(.)7, P=0-008). Hand soap was present in 90% of control homes and 58 % of case homes. Observed hand soap was a strongly protective factor (aOR 0(.)1, 95% CI 0(.)04-0(.)4, P=0(.)001). No water source or treatment practice was significantly associated with cholera. This study documents the importance of foodborne transmission of cholera, illustrates the protective role of hand washing in an epidemic setting, and identifies a novel possible protective factor, a local fish, which warrants further research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epoidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Lusaka Dist Hlth Management Team, Lusaka, Zambia. RP DuBois, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program Guyana, 3170 Georgetown Pl, Washington, DC USA. EM duboisa@gapcdcgy.org NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1226 EP 1230 DI 10.1017/S0950268806006273 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 108HV UT WOS:000242231800013 PM 16623992 ER PT J AU Garrett, V Bornschlegel, K Lange, D Reddy, V Kornstein, L Kornblum, J Agasan, A Hoekstra, M Layton, M Sobel, J AF Garrett, V. Bornschlegel, K. Lange, D. Reddy, V. Kornstein, L. Kornblum, J. Agasan, A. Hoekstra, M. Layton, M. Sobel, J. TI A recurring outbreak of Shigella sonnei among traditionally observant Jewish children in New York City: the risks of daycare and household transmission SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID CENTERS AB Dispersed community outbreaks of Shigella sonnei have occurred cyclically among traditionally observant Jews in the United States. In February 2000, we investigated a S. sonnei outbreak in one Jewish community in New York City. To determine risk factors for introduction of infection into households, we conducted a cohort study of households to compare risk factors for illness among primary subjects within households and age-matched well siblings. Isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). We used a random effects model to assess extra-household vs. intra-household transmission in households with multiple ill household members. Daycare or pre-school attendance [matched odds ratio (mOR) 16(.)1, P < 0(.)001] and age < 60 months (mOR 6(.)3, P < 0-001) were independently associated with index subject illness. Outbreak isolates were closely related by PFGE analysis to the strain previously observed in Jewish community outbreaks. The random effects model strongly indicated that multiple illnesses in a single household are due to secondary transmission. Disease containment efforts should focus on reducing Shigella transmission in childcare settings and within homes. C1 CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, MS-A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsobel@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 134 IS 6 BP 1231 EP 1236 DI 10.1017/S0950268806006182 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 108HV UT WOS:000242231800014 PM 16623986 ER PT J AU Caplin, DA Rao, JK Filloux, F Bale, JF Van Orman, C AF Caplin, Deirdre A. Rao, Jaya K. Filloux, Francis Bale, James F. Van Orman, Colin TI Development of performance indicators for the primary care management of pediatric epilepsy: Expert consensus recommendations based on the available evidence SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE pediatric; epilepsy; primary care-management ID 1ST UNPROVOKED SEIZURE; QUALITY-STANDARDS-SUBCOMMITTEE; BENIGN CHILDHOOD EPILEPSY; ACADEMY-OF-NEUROLOGY; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUG-TREATMENT; NEWLY-DIAGNOSED EPILEPSY; TEMPORAL-LOBE EPILEPSY; ADD-ON THERAPY; AMERICAN-ACADEMY; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Purpose: To use available evidence and expert consensus to develop performance indicators for the evaluation and management of pediatric epilepsy. Methods: We used a three-step process to develop the performance indicators. First, research findings were compiled into evidence tables focusing on different clinical issues. Second, an advisory panel of clinicians, educational and public health experts, and families of children with epilepsy reviewed the evidence. The advisory group used the evidence to draft a preliminary set of performance indicators for pediatric epilepsy management. Third, 13 internationally recognized experts in pediatric neurology or epilepsy rated the value of these indicators on a 5-point scale [1 (essential) to 5 (not necessary)] in a two-round Delphi process. Positive consensus was reached if >= 80% of experts gave an indicator a "1" rating and negative consensus if > 80% gave an indicator a "5" rating. Indicators that achieved positive consensus during either round of the Delphi process constituted the final set of indicators. Results: Of the 68 draft performance indicators, the expert panel members achieved positive consensus on 30 performance indicators: eight indicators related to diagnostic strategies and seizure classification, nine related to antiepileptic drug use, six related to cognitive and behavioral issues, six related to quality of life, and three related to specialty referrals. Conclusions: We identified 30 potential indicators for evaluating the care provided to pediatric patients with epilepsy. The next step is to examine the relation of these performance indicators to clinical outcomes and health care utilization among pediatric patients with epilepsy. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Med, Div Gen Pediat, Dept Pediat, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Caplin, DA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Div Gen Pediat, Dept Pediat, 50 N Med Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM deirdre.caplin@hsc.utah.edu NR 72 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD DEC PY 2006 VL 47 IS 12 BP 2011 EP 2019 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00853.x PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 116DZ UT WOS:000242784000003 PM 17201697 ER PT J AU Krapfl, HR Gohdes, DM Croft, JB AF Krapfl, HR Gohdes, DM Croft, JB TI Racial and ethnic differences in premature heart disease deaths in New Mexico: What is the role of diabetes? SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE diabetes Mellitus; heart disease; New Mexico; premature mortality ID NON-HISPANIC WHITES; AMERICAN-INDIANS; MORTALITY AB Multiple-cause mortality files from 19992001 were obtained to describe premature heart. disease (PHD) deaths and the role of diabetes as a contributing cause in heart disease (HD) mortality in American Indians, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Whites in New Mexico. The proportion and rate of PHD and diabetes-related HD death were calculated and reported by race/ethnicity and gender, Results indicate that from 1999 to 2001, 24% of all deaths in New Mexico reported HD as the leading cause of death. Of these, 16.6%, occurred in persons < 65 years of age and were therefore classified as premature. The proportion of premature HID deaths was Substantially higher in the American-Indian (29.2%) and Hispanic (20.8%) populations compared to Whites (13.7%). Furthermore diabetes contributed to almost 18% of premature HID deaths in American Indians and Hispanics and to 10% of premature HD among Whites. These findings suggest that American Indians and Hispanics are disproportionately affected by premature HD death and that diabetes as a contributing cause is greater among these populations compared to non-Hispanic Whites. C1 New Mexico Dept Hlth, Diabet Prevent & Control Program, Santa Fe, NM USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Krapfl, HR (reprint author), New Mexico Dept Hlth, Diabet Program, 1190 St Francis Dr, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. EM heidi.krapfl@dh.state.nm.us NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 85 EP 88 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 005RH UT WOS:000234841000013 PM 16599353 ER PT J AU Gregory-Mercado, KY Staten, LK Ranger-Moore, J Thomson, CA Will, JC Ford, ES Guillen, J Larkey, LK Giuliano, AR Marshall, J AF Gregory-Mercado, KY Staten, LK Ranger-Moore, J Thomson, CA Will, JC Ford, ES Guillen, J Larkey, LK Giuliano, AR Marshall, J TI Fruit and vegetable consumption of older Mexican-American women is associated with their acculturation level SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE eating behavior; Hispanic; Mexican American; middle-aged women; migration ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CANCER PREVENTION; HISPANIC WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; DIETARY HABITS; RISK-FACTORS; ADULTS; HEALTH; BEHAVIORS AB Little is known about the association between acculturation and fruit and vegetable (FV) Consumption among older Mexican-American (MA) women. Environmental and lifestyles changes experienced by immigrants to the United States may markedly affect their diet and health and increase their risk for chronic diseases. Our objectives were to: 1) describe FV consumption by ethnicity, accumulation, and sociodemographic characteristics, and 2) compare effects of acculturation and sociodemographic variables on FV intake in a population of older MA and non-Hispanic White (NHW) women from the Well-integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) Study. This report examines baseline FV intake of 346 underinsured women aged 50-76 years, assessed through 24-hour dietary recalls. Acculturation was measured with a five-item Likert-type scale. Twenty percent of more acculturated MA women, 24% of less acculturated MA women, and 36% of White women consumed 5 servings of FV servings per clay. Fruit and vegetable (FV) intake was associated with acculturation, education, and smoking status. Being more acculturated was associated with lower consumption of FVs among MAs, while having a higher education and no smoking was associated with higher intakes of FV servings among NHWs. Public health efforts to improve the intake of FVs among MA wornen should be sensitive to their acculturation status. C1 CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mel & Enid Zuckerman Arizona Coll Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Promot Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. Mel & Enid Zuckerman Arizona Coll Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Arizona Canc Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Arizona Canc Ctr Biometry, Tucson, AZ USA. H Lee Moffit Canc Ctr & Res Inst, Risk Assessment Detect & Intervent Program, Tampa, FL USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Canc Prevent & Populat Sci, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RP Gregory-Mercado, KY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Ativ, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cwg6@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 12 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 89 EP 95 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 005RH UT WOS:000234841000014 PM 16599354 ER PT J AU Byrd, TL Chavez, R Wilson, KM AF Byrd, Theresa L. Chavez, Rafaelita Wilson, Katherine M. TI Barriers and facilitators of cervical cancer screening among Hispanic women SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Hispanic; cervical cancer screening; barriers to screening ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; BORDER; BELIEFS; MEXICO; BREAST; RISK AB Hispanic women are less likely than non-Hispanic white women to utilize Pap test screening. Additionally, Hispanic women have higher rates of cervical cancer than non-Hispanic white women. To better understand the barriers and facilitators for Pap test screening, we conducted 13 focus groups with 84 Hispanic women aged 18-61 years. The moderator guide was developed using the Health Belief Model. These focus groups were part of a larger study aimed at developing intervention materials for women on the US-Mexico border.. Most of the women knew about cervical cancer and the Pap test. Perceived benefits of screening were finding cancer early, and feeling good about taking care of one's health. Personal barriers to having the test included embarrassment, fear, and pain. System barriers included physician gender and insensitivity to patient needs. Although the male partner was mentioned as a possible barrier in every group, most women expressed that this was not an issue for them personally. Facilitating factors fell into three categories: information/education, low cost or free tests, and supportive physicians and friends. Results of the focus group study were used in the subsequent development of a survey instrument and an intervention in a larger study. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth El Paso, Div Hlth Promot & Behav Sci, Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Byrd, TL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth El Paso, Div Hlth Promot & Behav Sci, Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, 1100 N Stanton,Suite 110, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. EM Theresa.L.Byrd@uth.tmc.edu NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 129 EP 134 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 107QQ UT WOS:000242186500022 ER PT J AU Kirk, JK Graves, DE Bell, RA Hildebrandt, CA Narayan, KMV AF Kirk, Julienne K. Graves, Darby E. Bell, Ronny A. Hildebrandt, Carol A. Narayan, K. M. Venkat TI Racial and ethnic disparities in self-monitoring of blood glucose among us adults: A qualitative review SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Review DE African Americans; American Indians; Asian Americans; blood glucose self monitoring; diabetes; Hispanic; Latino; Mexican Americans; non-Hispanic Whites; review ID DIABETES PREVENTIVE CARE; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; PATIENT EDUCATION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; MANAGED CARE; POPULATION; HEALTH; COMPLICATIONS; MELLITUS AB Objective: To review existing data to determine whether racial/ethnic disparities exist for self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) among adults in the United States. Study Design: A literature search of diabetes-related studies published from 1970 through June 2005 was conducted. Our search strategy included SMBG in minority populations with diabetes. Methods: Studies were selected for review if they reported SMBG rates from a specific racial/ethnic minority group or if there were comparisons of SMBG rates across racial/ethnic groups. Results: Twenty-two studies were reviewed that met the search criteria. Twelve studies included data from a single racial/ethnic minority group, and 10 studies included comparisons between non-Hispanic Whites and at least one racial/ethnic minority group. Data represented studies conducted in a variety of settings, such as healthcare facilities in a state or region of the United States and nationally representative surveys. Most of the data indicate that SMBG rates are generally low, regardless of the population. in comparative studies, some racial/ethnic differences overall were found in SMBG rates among all racial/ethnic minority groups when compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Across studies, patients taking insulin performed SMBG more frequently than did those not taking insulin. Conclusions: Despite widespread recommendations for self-monitoring of blood glucose, compliance is reported to be low in all groups in the United States, especially among racial/ ethnic minorities. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kirk, JK (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM jkirk@wfubmc.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 3 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 107QQ UT WOS:000242186500023 ER PT J AU Ochner, M Ayala, C Jiles, R AF Ochner, M Ayala, C Jiles, R TI Effect of race category redefinition on hypertension and hypercholesterolemia prevalence in the behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1999 and 2001 SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE high blood cholesterol; high blood pressure; race; risk ID CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION-PROGRAM; PREVENTION; EVENTS AB Race information in the United States is used to identify populations at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) or associated risk factors. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 1999 and 2001 were used to examine shifts in racial distributions and CVD risk factors after a multiracial category was added in 2001. We compared age-adjusted, weighted, race-specific prevalence estimates of self-reported high blood pressure (HBP) and high blood cholesterol (HBC) from 1999 and 2001 with descriptive statistics and 95% confidence intervals. The proportion of non-Hispanic Whites decreased significantly after the multiracial category was added. Overall, the prevalence of HBC did net significantly change, but HBP increased significantly, from 24.2% in 1999 to 25.6% in 2001 (P <.05). Among racial groups, only non-Hispanic Whites showed a statistically significant increase in HBP prevalence from 23.1% to 24.4% (P <.05); however, larger percentage increases in HBP were seen among non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islanders (3.5%) and non-Hispanic Blacks (1.6%). Among non-Hispanic Whites, when combining multiracial respondents whose preferred single race was non-Hispanic White, the prevalence of HBP was significantly higher in 2001 than in 1999. The race-specific prevalence of HBP and HBC was virtually unchanged, whether or not multiracial respondents were included in prevalence estimates. Observed HBP increases for non-Hispanic Whites were not caused by the addition of a multiracial category. In 2001, multiracial respondents had the second highest prevalence of HBP after non-Hispanic Blacks. To promote heart health, we must focus on the needs of this emerging multiracial group and on groups with increasing rates of HBP. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ochner, M (reprint author), 1717 Mott Smith Dr,1802, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM mochner@hawaii.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 152 EP 158 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 005RH UT WOS:000234841000024 PM 16599364 ER PT J AU Ross, LE Uhler, RJ AF Ross, LE Uhler, RJ TI Age, race, and repeated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test use in the National Health Interview Survey SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE age factors; prostate cancer; prostate-specific antigen; race; screening ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; PATIENTS SELF-REPORTS; SCREENING PRACTICES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; CANCER; MEN; KNOWLEDGE; BELIEFS AB Background: Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test use was examined in US men aged :40 years to clarify the relationship with age and race. Methods: The National Health Interview Survey (2000) collected information about PSA test use in a representative sample of the US population. This study examined whether men reported having had three or more PSA tests within the past five years by age and race Subgroups. Results: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test use rates were lowest in men aged 40-49 and highest in men aged 65-79. Receipt of three or more PSA tests within the past five years varied by age and race. Use was higher for African-American men, compared with White men aged 40-49; similar for African-American and White men aged 50-64; higher for White than African-American men aged 65-79; and similar for African-American and White men aged >= 80. Conclusion: The PSA test use patterns showed variation by age and race subgroups, and these patterns are better understood when examining both variables at the same time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ross, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lor3@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 16 IS 1 BP 244 EP 247 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 005RH UT WOS:000234841000038 PM 16599378 ER PT J AU Igietseme, JU Eko, FO He, Q Black, CM AF Igietseme, Joseph U. Eko, Francis O. He, Qing Black, Carolyn M. TI Combination vaccines: design strategies and future trends SO EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEWCASTLE-DISEASE VIRUS; DENDRITIC CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; HEPATITIS-B; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; CONJUGATE VACCINES; PROTEIN ANTIGENS; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; DNA VACCINES; RNA VIRUSES C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Mol Pathogenesis Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Igietseme, JU (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jigietseme@cdc.gov; feko@msn.edu; qhe@msn.edu; cblack@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 08248] NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FUTURE DRUGS LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FL, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1476-0584 J9 EXPERT REV VACCINES JI Expert Rev. Vaccines PD DEC PY 2006 VL 5 IS 6 BP 739 EP 745 DI 10.1586/14760584.5.6.739 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 125ZW UT WOS:000243483000001 PM 17184210 ER PT J AU Yaddanapudi, K Palacios, G Towner, JS Chen, I Sariol, CA Nichol, ST Lipkin, WI AF Yaddanapudi, Kavitha Palacios, Gustavo Towner, Jonathan S. Chen, Ivy Sariol, Carlos A. Nichol, Stuart T. Lipkin, W. Ian TI Implication of a retrovirus-like glycoprotein peptide in the immunopathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE filovirus; immunosuppression; lymphocyte depletion; apoptosis; cytokine ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; PROTEIN-KINASE-C; DENDRITIC CELLS; T-CELLS; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; STIMULATORY FACTOR; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ENVELOPE PROTEINS; INFECTED PATIENTS; UP-REGULATION AB Ebola and Marburg viruses can cause hemorrhagic fever (HF) outbreaks with high mortality in primates. Whereas Marburg (MARV), Ebola Zaire (ZEBOV), and Ebola Sudan (SEBOV) viruses are pathogenic in humans, apes, and monkeys, Ebola Reston (REBOV) is pathogenic only in monkeys (1-3). Early immunosuppression may contribute to pathogenesis by facilitating viral replication (4-6). Lymphocyte depletion, intravascular apoptosis, and cytokine dysregulation are prominent in fatal cases (7). Here we functionally characterize a 17 amino acid domain in filoviral glycoproteins that resembles an immunosuppressive motif in retroviral envelope proteins (8, 9). Activated human or rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were exposed to inactivated ZEBOV or a panel of 17mer peptides representing all sequenced strains of filoviruses, then analyzed for CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation, apoptosis, and cytokine expression. Exposure of human and rhesus PBMC to ZEBOV, SEBOV, or MARV peptides or inactivated ZEBOV resulted in decreased expression of activation markers on CD4 and CD8 cells; CD4 and CD8 cell apoptosis as early as 12 h postexposure; inhibition of CD4 and CD8 cell cycle progression; decreased interleukin (IL)-2, IFN-gamma, and IL12-p40 expression; and increased IL-10 expression. In contrast, only rhesus T cells were sensitive to REBOV peptides. These findings are consistent with the observation that REBOV is not pathogenic in humans and have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of filoviral HF.-Yaddanapudi, K., Palacios, G., Towner, J. S., Chen, I., Sariol, C. A., Nichol, S. T., Lipkin, W. I. Implication of a retrovirus-like glycoprotein peptide in the immunopathogenesis of Ebola and Marburg viruses. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR USA. RP Lipkin, WI (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Jerome L & Dawn Greene Infect Dis Lab, 722 W 168th St,Rm 1801, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM wil2001@columbia.edu RI Palacios, Gustavo/I-7773-2015 OI Palacios, Gustavo/0000-0001-5062-1938 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI51292, AI056118, AI55466, U54-AI057158] NR 42 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 12 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 EI 1530-6860 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 14 BP 2519 EP 2530 DI 10.1096/fj.06-6151com PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 111YB UT WOS:000242490700012 PM 17023517 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, B Gerner-Smidt, P Whichard, JM AF Swaminathan, Bala Gerner-Smidt, Peter Whichard, Jean M. TI Foodborne disease trends and reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swaminathan, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 4 BP 316 EP 318 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.316 PG 3 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 124JA UT WOS:000243362900002 PM 17199513 ER PT J AU Scallan, E Jones, TF Cronquist, A Thomas, S Frenzen, P Hoefer, D Medus, C Angulo, FJ AF Scallan, Elaine Jones, Timothy F. Cronquist, Alicia Thomas, Stepy Frenzen, Paul Hoefer, Dina Medus, Carlota Angulo, Fredrick J. CA Foodnet Working Grp TI Factors associated with seeking medical care and submitting a stool sample in estimating the burden of foodborne illness SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS INTESTINAL DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; GENERAL-PRACTICE; DIARRHEA; FOODNET; COMMUNITY; GASTROENTERITIS; CAMPYLOBACTER; ENGLAND AB Laboratory-based surveillance is a foundation for public health and is essential for determining the incidence of most foodborne diseases caused by bacterial pathogens; however, reported cases represent a subset of infections in the community. To identify the factors associated with seeking medical care and submitting a stool specimen among persons with acute diarrheal illness, we used multivariate logistic regression to analyze data from two 12-month population-based telephone surveys conducted in the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) from 2000 to 2003. Of 31,082 persons interviewed, 5% reported an acute diarrheal illness in the four weeks prior to the interview; of these, 20% sought medical care. On multivariate analysis, among persons with an acute diarrheal illness, factors associated with seeking medical care included: male sex; age <5 or >= 65 years; household income <$25,000; having health insurance; diarrhea duration :3 days; having bloody diarrhea, fever, vomiting, sore throat, or cough. Of those seeking medical care, 19% provided a stool sample. Bloody diarrhea (odds ratio [OR] 3.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-9.51) and diarrhea duration >= 3 days (OR 3.81; 95% Cl: 1.50-9.69) were the most important factors associated with submission of a stool specimen. Cases of acute diarrheal illness ascertained through laboratory-based public health surveillance are likely to differ systematically from unreported cases and likely over-represent those with bloody diarrhea and longer diarrhea duration. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Colorado Dept Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Econ Res Serv, Dept Agr, Washington, DC USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. RP Scallan, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MSD63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM escallan@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 80 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 3 IS 4 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.432 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 124JA UT WOS:000243362900014 PM 17199525 ER PT J AU Balajee, SA Marr, KA AF Balajee, S. Arunmozhi Marr, Kieren A. TI Phenotypic and genotypic identification of human pathogenic aspergilli SO FUTURE MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE Aspergillus; genotyping; metabolic profiling; phenotypic identification; species recognition; strain typing ID TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGIONS; CYTOCHROME-B GENE; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; SECTION FLAVI; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; FUNGAL PATHOGENS AB Human pathogenic aspergilli are identified in the clinical diagnostic laboratory predominantly by macro- and micro-morphology. Such phenotypic characteristics are largely subjective and unstable, as they are influenced by environmental factors, including media and temperature of incubation. Recent advances in molecular biology have impacted the field of mycology: multiple studies have noted new genetically distinct species that are not easily distinguished by phenotypic characteristics. Strengths of molecular typing methods include objectivity and the ability to identify nonsporulating or slowly growing fungi. As such, molecular methods provide powerful tools for the study of the epidemiology, evolution and population biology of fungal pathogens. This review focuses on current and future methods of identifying aspergilli, and implications regarding Aspergillus species/strain identification. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Microbiol, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Infect Dis, Seattle, WA USA. RP Balajee, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abalajee@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI067971, AI05592] NR 99 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU FUTURE MEDICINE LTD PI LONDON PA UNITEC HOUSE, 3RD FLOOR, 2 ALBERT PLACE, FINCHLEY CENTRAL, LONDON, N3 1QB, ENGLAND SN 1746-0913 J9 FUTURE MICROBIOL JI Future Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 1 IS 4 BP 435 EP 445 DI 10.2217/17460913.1.4.435 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 205LY UT WOS:000249116600016 PM 17661634 ER PT J AU Hariri, S Yoon, PW Moonesinghe, R Valdez, R Khoury, MJ AF Hariri, Susan Yoon, Paula W. Moonesinghe, Ramal Valdez, Rodolfo Khoury, Muin J. TI Evaluation of family history as a risk factor and screening tool for detecting undiagnosed diabetes in a nationally representative survey population SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INSULIN SENSITIVITY; METABOLIC SYNDROME; PUBLIC-HEALTH; STRATEGIES; DISEASE AB Purpose: We examined the utility of a three-level familial risk stratification system as a screening tool for diabetes in a nationally representative sample of the U.S. adult population. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data were used to assess the prevalence and distribution of familial risk for diabetes, the association between three levels of familial risk and undiagnosed diabetes, and the use of familial risk as a screening tool for diabetes, alone and in combination with body mass index and age. Results: The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes was 3% and increased with increasing familial risk (average = 2%, moderate = 4%, high = 10%). High familial risk was significantly associated with undiagnosed diabetes (adjusted odds ratio = 4.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.9-11.3). The use of a three-tiered familial risk stratification for diabetes screening yielded higher specificity (94%) and positive predictive value (9.9%) for high familial risk than body mass index >= 25 (specificity = 38%, positive predictive value = 4.2%). High familial risk and body mass index >= 25 combined had higher specificity (97%) and positive predictive value (13.4%); the addition of age >= 45 years further improved positive predictive value (21.0%) without reducing specificity. Conclusions: There was a strong and proportional association between familial risk and undiagnosed diabetes, suggesting that a three-tiered assessment of familial diabetes risk may increase the effectiveness of diabetes screening. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Tanslat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hariri, S (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 8 IS 12 BP 752 EP 759 DI 10.1097/01.gim.0000250205.73963.f3 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 121MX UT WOS:000243162800004 PM 17172938 ER PT J AU Tinetti, ME Gordon, C Sogolow, E Lapin, P Bradley, EH AF Tinetti, Mary E. Gordon, Catherine Sogolow, Ellen Lapin, Pauline Bradley, Elizabeth H. TI Fall-risk evaluation and management: Challenges in adopting geriatric care practices SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE falls interventions; falls prevention; fall-risk evaluation; medicare; preventive approaches ID OLDER PERSONS; HEALTH-CARE; RESTRICTED ACTIVITY; COMMUNITY; PREVENTION; INJURIES; MEDICARE; INTERVENTIONS; TRIALS; ELDERS AB One third of older adults fall each year, placing them at risk for serious injury, functional decline, and health care utilization. Despite the availability of effective preventive approaches, policy and clinical efforts at preventing falls among older adults have been limited. In this article we present the burden of falls, review evidence concerning the effectiveness of fall-prevention services, describe barriers for clinicians and for payers in promoting these services, and suggest strategies to encourage greater use of these services. The challenges are substantial, but strategies for incremental change are available while more broad-based changes in health care financing and clinical practice evolve to better manage the multiple chronic health conditions, including falls, experienced by older Americans. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Off Res Dev & Informat, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Tinetti, ME (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, 20 York St,TMP15, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. EM mary.tinetti@yale.edu NR 51 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 12 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1030 15TH ST NW, STE 250, WASHINGTON, DC 20005202-842 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 717 EP 725 PG 9 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 121NN UT WOS:000243164400004 PM 17169927 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Tabak, CJ Ogden, CL AF Flegal, Katherine M. Tabak, Carolyn J. Ogden, Cynthia L. TI Overweight in children: definitions and interpretation SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; SERVICES TASK-FORCE; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; US CHILDREN; INTERNATIONAL DEFINITIONS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; EXPERT COMMITTEE AB Studies in a variety of countries have shown increases in the prevalence of overweight among children in recent years. These increases have given rise to concern about children's health and well-being. The terminology used in these studies varies considerably. However, whatever the terminology used, such studies are generally based on weight [expressed as body mass index (BMI), a measure of weight for height, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters] and not on body fatness per se. There are many different BMI references that can be used to define childhood overweight or obesity. Children are defined as overweight for population surveillance purposes using a variety of BMI cut points. BMI is a screening tool, not a diagnostic tool. Children with a BMI over these cut points do not necessarily have clinical complications or health risks related to overfatness. More in-depth assessment of individual children is required to ascertain health status. The definitions of overweight generally used are working definitions that are valuable for general public health surveillance, screening and similar purposes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kmf2@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 50 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 21 IS 6 BP 755 EP 760 DI 10.1093/her/cyl1128 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 111SA UT WOS:000242473500003 PM 17071853 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG Bruden, DL McMahon, BJ Hennessy, TW Reasonover, A Morris, J Hurlburt, DA Peters, H Sacco, F Martinez, P Swenson, M Berg, DE Parks, D Parkinson, AJ AF Bruce, Michael G. Bruden, Dana L. McMahon, Brian J. Hennessy, Thomas W. Reasonover, Alisa Morris, Julie Hurlburt, Debby A. Peters, Helen Sacco, Frank Martinez, Patrick Swenson, Michael Berg, Douglas E. Parks, Debra Parkinson, Alan J. TI Alaska sentinel surveillance for antimicrobial resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates from Alaska native persons, 1999-2003 SO HELICOBACTER LA English DT Article DE Helicobacter; surveillance; resistance; Alaska; antibiotics ID PEPTIC-ULCER DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CLARITHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; METRONIDAZOLE RESISTANCE; TRIPLE THERAPIES; RISK-FACTORS; ERADICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; STRAINS AB Background : Previous studies in Alaska have demonstrated elevated proportions of antimicrobial resistance among Helicobacter pylori isolates. Materials and Methods : We analyzed H. pylori data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s sentinel surveillance in Alaska from July 1999 to June 2003 to determine the proportion of culture-positive biopsies from Alaska Native persons undergoing routine upper-endoscopy, and the susceptibility of H. pylori isolates to metronidazole [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of > 8 g metronidazole/mL), clarithromycin (MIC >= 1), tetracycline (MIC >= 2) and amoxicillin (MIC >= 1)] using agar dilution. Results : Nine-hundred sixty-four biopsy specimens were obtained from 687 participants; 352 (51%) patients tested culture positive. Mean age of both culture-positive and culture-negative patients was 51 years. Metronidazole resistance was demonstrated in isolates from 155 (44%) persons, clarithromycin resistance from 108 (31%) persons, amoxicillin resistance from 8 (2%) persons, and 0 for tetracycline resistance. Metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance varied by geographic region. Female patients were more likely than male subjects to show metronidazole resistance (p < .01) and clarithromycin resistance (p = .05). Conclusions : Resistance to metronidazole and clarithromycin is more common among H. pylori isolates from Alaska Native persons when compared with those from elsewhere in the USA. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arct Invest Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Yukon Kushokwim Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA. Norton Sound Hlth Corp, Nome, AK USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arct Invest Program, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM zwa8@cdc.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK53727] NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1083-4389 J9 HELICOBACTER JI Helicobacter PD DEC PY 2006 VL 11 IS 6 BP 581 EP 588 DI 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2006.00462.x PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Microbiology GA 101JA UT WOS:000241735900011 PM 17083381 ER PT J AU Shelley, GA Killworth, PA Bernard, HR McCarty, C Johnsen, EC Rice, RE AF Shelley, Gene A. Killworth, Peter A. Bernard, H. Russell McCarty, Christopher Johnsen, Eugene C. Rice, Ronald E. TI Who knows your HIV status II?: Information propagation within social networks of seropositive people SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS disclosure; decision modeling; ethnography; people with HIV/AIDS ID DECISION-MAKING; AIDS; DISCLOSURE; MODEL; SIZE AB We seek to explain on what basis people choose to tell stigmatizing information about themselves to others. In particular, are there any rules governing how such decisions are made) We asked 70 HIV-positive individuals whether they knew various items of knowledge about their network members, and vice versa. These items range from things which might be known easily (e.g., marital status), things which are more difficult to know (e.g., blood type), to potentially stigmatizing information such as criminal record and HIV status. The information that one person knows about another may predict whether the latter's HIV status is also known. We examine this question using a combination of ethnography and decision trees. Even an apparently simple decision - whether or not to tell someone that you are seropositive - turns out to be complicated; yet the complexity can be extracted from open-ended interviews. C1 Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. Univ Florida, Bur Econ & Business Res, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Commun, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Shelley, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 55 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY PI OKLAHOMA CITY PA 3000 UNITED FOUNDERS BLVD, STE 148, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73112 USA SN 0018-7259 J9 HUM ORGAN JI Hum. Organ. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 65 IS 4 BP 430 EP 444 PG 15 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 121CK UT WOS:000243135500009 ER PT J AU Keeler, N Schonberger, LB Belay, ED Sehulster, L Turabelidze, G Sejvar, JJ AF Keeler, Natalie Schonberger, Lawrence B. Belay, Ermias D. Sehulster, Lynne Turabelidze, George Sejvar, James J. TI Investigation of a possible iatrogenic case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease after a neurosurgical procedure SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRION; ENCEPHALOPATHIES; DECONTAMINATION; DISINFECTION; REPLICATION; STEEL AB objective. To investigate a case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) possibly acquired from contaminated neurosurgical instruments. design. Retrospective review of medical records, hospital databases, service log books, and state vital statistics. setting. A tertiary care hospital ( hospital A) in Missouri. patients. The case patient was a 38-year-old African American woman with a 9-month history of progressive memory loss, visual disturbances, and dementia. She underwent neurosurgery in November 1996. CJD was confirmed in April 2004 by immunodiagnostic testing of brain biopsy samples. All patients who underwent neurosurgery at the same hospital within 6 months before or after the case patient's procedure were identified and investigated for preoperative or postoperative evidence of CJD. results. We reviewed data on 268 neurosurgical procedures, 84 pathology log entries, and 60 death certificates for neurosurgical patients at hospital A and identified 2 suspected cases of CJD. Clinical features and definitive prion testing of stored brain biopsy samples excluded a diagnosis of CJD. Standard operating room procedures were in place, but specific protocols for handling instruments potentially contaminated with prions were not used. conclusions. Neurosurgical instruments were not implicated as the source exposure for CJD in the case patient. The 2 patients with suspected CJD were identified from different data sources, suggesting good internal consistency in data collection. The key elements of this investigation are suggested for use in future investigations into potential cases of iatrogenic CJD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, St Louis, MO USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 15 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1352 EP 1357 DI 10.1086/509844 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205AH UT WOS:000249084600011 PM 17152034 ER PT J AU Arnold, KE Schweitzer, JL Wallace, B Salter, M Neeman, R Hlady, WG Beall, B AF Arnold, Kathryn E. Schweitzer, Jody L. Wallace, Barbara Salter, Monique Neeman, Ruth Hlady, W. Gary Beall, Bernard TI Tightly clustered outbreak of group A streptococcal disease at a long-term care facility SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PYROGENIC EXOTOXIN; NURSING-HOMES; M-PROTEIN; INFECTIONS; PYOGENES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; STRAIN AB objective. To describe investigation of a tightly clustered outbreak of invasive group A streptococcal ( GAS) disease associated with a high mortality rate in a long-term care facility (LTCF). design. Cross-sectional carriage survey and epidemiologic investigation of LTCF resident and employee cohorts. setting. A 104-bed community LTCF between March 1 and April 7, 2004. patients. A cohort of LTCF residents with assigned beds at the time of the outbreak. interventions. Reinforcement of standard infection control measures and receipt of chemoprophylaxis by GAS carriers. results. Four confirmed and 2 probable GAS cases occurred between March 16 and April 1, 2004. Four case patients died. The final case occurred during the investigation, before the patient was determined to be a GAS carrier. No case occurred during the 6 months after the intervention. Disease was caused by type emm3 GAS; 16.5% of residents and 2.4% of employees carried the outbreak strain. Disease was clustered in 1 quadrant of the LTCF and associated with nonintact skin. GAS disease or carriage was associated with having frequent personal visitors. conclusions. Widespread carriage of a virulent GAS strain likely resulted from inadequate infection control measures. Enhanced infection control and targeted prophylaxis for GAS carriers appeared to end the outbreak. In addition to employees, regular visitors to LTCFs should be trained in hand hygiene and infection control because of the potential for extended relationships over time, leading to interaction with multiple residents, and disease transmission in such residential settings. Specific attention to prevention of skin breaks and proper wound care may prevent disease. The occurrence of a sixth case during the investigation suggests urgency in addressing severe, large, or tightly clustered outbreaks of GAS infection in LTCFs. C1 Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Career Epidemiol Field Officer Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptococcal Dis Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arnold, KE (reprint author), Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, 2 Peachtree St NW,14-222, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM kearnold@dhr.state.ga.us NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 12 BP 1377 EP 1384 DI 10.1086/508820 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205AH UT WOS:000249084600015 PM 17152038 ER PT J AU Mercy, JA Barker, L Frazier, L AF Mercy, J. A. Barker, L. Frazier, L. TI NVDRS supplement - The secrets of the National Violent Death Reporting System SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mercy, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Bufard Highway NE,Mailstop K-68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jam2@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 SU 2 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.012542 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 123XW UT WOS:000243331400001 ER PT J AU Steenkamp, M Frazier, L Lipskiy, N DeBerry, M Thomas, S Barker, L Karch, D AF Steenkamp, M. Frazier, L. Lipskiy, N. DeBerry, M. Thomas, S. Barker, L. Karch, D. TI The National Violent Death Reporting System: an exciting new tool for public health surveillance SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB The US does not have a unified system for surveillance of violent deaths. This report describes the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), a system for collecting data on all violent deaths (homicides, suicides, accidental firearms deaths, deaths of undetermined intent, and deaths from legal intervention, excluding legal executions) in participating states. The NVDRS centralizes data from many sources, providing a more comprehensive picture of violent deaths than would otherwise be available. The NVDRS collects data on victims, suspects, and circumstances related to the violent deaths. Currently, 17 US states participate in the NVDRS; the intention is for the NVDRS to become a truly national system, representing all 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the US territories. This report describes the history of the NVDRS, provides an overview of how the NVDRS functions, and describes future directions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barker, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lsb8@cdc.gov OI Steenkamp, Malinda/0000-0002-3081-4465 NR 4 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 SU 2 BP 3 EP 5 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.012518 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 123XW UT WOS:000243331400002 ER PT J AU Karch, DL Barker, L Strine, TW AF Karch, D. L. Barker, L. Strine, T. W. TI Race/ethnicity, substance abuse, and mental illness among suicide victims in 13 US states: 2004 data from the National Violent Death Reporting System SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; AMERICAN; COCAINE AB Objective: To calculate the prevalence of substance abuse and mental illness among suicide victims of different racial/ethnic groups and to identify race/ethnicity trends in mental health and substance abuse that may be used to improve suicide prevention. Methods: Data are from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS), a state-based data integration system that, for 2004, includes data from 13 US states. The NVDRS integrates medical examiner, toxicology, death certificate, and law enforcement data. Results: Within participating states, for data year 2004, 6865 suicide incidents in which race/ethnicity are known were identified. This included 5797 (84.4%) non-Hispanic whites, 501 (7.3%) non-Hispanic blacks, 257 (3.70%) Hispanics, and 310 (4.5%) persons from other racial/ethnic groups. At the time of the suicide event, non-Hispanic blacks had lower blood alcohol contents than other groups. Non-Hispanic whites had less cocaine but more antidepressants and opiates. There were no differences in the levels of amphetamines or marijuana by race/ethnicity. Hispanics were less likely to have been diagnosed with a mental illness or to have received treatment, although family reports of depression were comparable to non-Hispanic whites and other racial/ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic whites were more likely to be diagnosed with depression or bipolar disorder and non-Hispanic blacks with schizophrenia. Comorbid substance abuse and mental health problems were more likely among non-Hispanic whites and non-Hispanic blacks, while Hispanics were more likely to have a substance abuse problem without comorbid mental health problems. Conclusion: The results support earlier research documenting differences in race/ethnicity, substance abuse, and mental health problems as they relate to completed suicide. The data suggest that suicide prevention efforts must address not only substance abuse and mental health problems in general, but the unique personal, family, and social characteristics of different racial/ethnic groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Karch, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DKarch@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 12 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 SU 2 BP 22 EP 27 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.013557 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 123XW UT WOS:000243331400006 ER PT J AU Bossarte, RM Simon, TR Barker, L AF Bossarte, R. M. Simon, T. R. Barker, L. TI Characteristics of homicide followed by suicide incidents in multiple states, 2003-04 SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID MURDER-SUICIDE; VIOLENT DEATH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TYPOLOGY AB Objective: To calculate the prevalence of homicide followed by suicide (homicide/suicide) and provide contextual information on the incidents and demographic information about the individuals involved using data from a surveillance system that is uniquely equipped to study homicide/suicide. Methods: Data are from the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). This active state-based surveillance system includes data from seven states for 2003 and 13 states for 2004. The incident-level structure facilitates identification of homicide/suicide incidents. Results: Within participating states, 65 homicide/suicide incidents (homicide rate = 0.230/100 000) occurred in 2003 and 144 incidents (homicide rate = 0.238/100 000) occurred in 2004. Most victims (58%) were a current or former intimate partner of the perpetrator. Among all male perpetrators of intimate partner homicide 30.6% were also suicides. A substantial proportion of the victims (13.7%.) were the children of the perpetrator. Overall, most victims (74.6%) were female and most perpetrators were male (91.9%). A recent history of legal problems (25.3%), or financial problems (9.3%) was common among the perpetrators. Conclusions: The results support earlier research documenting the importance of intimate partner violence (IPV) and situational stressors on homicide/suicide. These results suggest that efforts to provide assistance to families in crisis and enhance the safety of IPV victims are needed to reduce risk for homicide/suicide. The consistency of the results from the NVDRS with those from past studies and the comprehensive information available in the NVDRS highlight the promise of this system for studying homicide/suicide incidents and for evaluating the impact of prevention policies and programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bossarte, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bvy9@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 8 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 SU 2 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.012807 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 123XW UT WOS:000243331400008 ER PT J AU Bennett, MD Hall, J Frazier, L Patel, N Barker, L Shaw, K AF Bennett, M. D., Jr. Hall, J. Frazier, L., Jr. Patel, N. Barker, L. Shaw, K. TI Homicide of children aged 0-4 years, 2003-04: results from the National Violent Death Reporting System SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID INFANT HOMICIDE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY AB Introduction: To better understand, and ultimately prevent, infant/child homicide, it is imperative to more thoroughly elucidate the circumstances and conditions related to such instances. Data were obtained from the US National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) to illuminate circumstances related to homicide among children aged A years or less, and to identify demographic groups which may be at increased risk. Methods: The NVDRS is an active surveillance system that provides comprehensive information on all violent deaths that occur within participating states within the US. Standard statistical tests were conducted to determine homicide rates among children ages 0-4 across states that provided data for both 2003 and 2004 (Alaska, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Oregon, South Carolina, and Virginia). These data were further used to investigate infant/child homicides by race, gender, and other relevant circumstances (for example, victim-suspect relationship, weapon type, and location of homicide). A Poisson regression model was fitted to the sample data to investigate the multivariate relationship between the infant/child homicide rate and available demographic information. Results: The 2003 homicide rate for children ages 0-4 was 3.0 per 100 000 population. The 2004 homicide rate was 2.5 per 100 000 population. African Americans were 4.2 times as likely as whites to be victims of homicide. Suspects were commonly parents/caregivers. The vast majority of infant/child homicides occurred in houses or apartments, using weapons that include household objects. Conclusion: Homicides of infants and young children are most often committed in the home, by parents/caregivers, using "weapons of opportunity". This suggests that the risk of infant/child homicide is greatest within the primary care giving environment. Moreover, the use of "weapons of opportunity" may be indicative of maladaptive stress responses. Prevention and intervention strategies to reduce infant/child homicide should target the home environment and attend to maladaptive stress responses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Etiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA USA. United Behav Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bennett, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Etiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MBennettJr@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 SU 2 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.012658 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 123XW UT WOS:000243331400009 ER PT J AU Breiding, MJ Wiersema, B AF Breiding, M. J. Wiersema, B. TI Variability of undetermined manner of death classification in the US SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID OFFICIAL SUICIDE STATISTICS; MISCLASSIFICATION; RELIABILITY; HOMICIDE; VALIDITY; INFANT AB Objectives: To better understand variations in classification of deaths of undetermined intent among states in the National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS). Design: Data from the NVDRS and the National Vital Statistics System were used to compare differences among states. Main outcome measures: Percentages of deaths assigned undetermined intent, rates of deaths of undetermined intent, rates of fatal poisonings broken down by cause of death, composition of poison types within the undetermined-intent classification. Results: Three states within NVDRS (Maryland, Massachusetts, and Rhode island) evidenced increased numbers of deaths of undetermined intent. These same states exhibited high rates of undetermined death and, more specifically, high rates of undetermined poisoning deaths. Further, these three states evidenced correspondingly lower rates of unintentional poisonings. The types of undetermined poisonings present in these states, but not present in other states, are typically the result of a combination of recreational drugs, alcohol, or prescription drugs. Conclusions: The differing classification among states of many poisoning deaths has implications for the analysis of undetermined deaths within the NVDRS and for the examination of possible/probable suicides contained within the undetermined- or accidental-intent classifications. The NVDRS does not collect information on unintentional poisonings, so in most states data are not collected on these possible/probable suicides. The authors believe this is an opportunity missed to understand the full range of self-harm deaths in the greater detail provided by the NVDRS system. They advocate a broader interpretation of suicide to include the full continuum of deaths resulting from self-harm. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Criminal Justice & Criminol, Violence Res Grp, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Breiding, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dvi8@cdc.gov RI Wiersema, Brian/E-5305-2012 OI Wiersema, Brian/0000-0003-4026-7888 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 SU 2 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.012591 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 123XW UT WOS:000243331400011 ER PT J AU Friday, JC AF Friday, J. C. TI NVDRS supplement - Law enforcement and the National Violent Death Reporting System: a partnership in the making SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Friday, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jxf1@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 SU 2 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.013284 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 123XW UT WOS:000243331400012 ER PT J AU Friday, JC Barker, L Pless, B AF Friday, J. C. Barker, L. Pless, B. TI The US National Violent Death Reporting System SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. McGill Univ, Montreal Childrens Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3H 1P3, Canada. RP Friday, JC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 355 EP 355 DI 10.1136/ip.2006.014399 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 117CW UT WOS:000242851300002 ER PT J AU Turmelle, AS Allen, LC Jackson, FR Mendoca, MT Kunz, TH Rupprecht, CE McCracken, GF AF Turmelle, Amy S. Allen, Louise C. Jackson, Felix R. Mendoca, Mary T. Kunz, Thomas H. Rupprecht, Charles E. McCracken, Gary F. TI Ecology of rabies and immunity in Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis). SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Knoxville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies & Poxvirus Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Ecol & Conservat Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. EM aturmell@utk.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E143 EP E143 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100570 ER PT J AU Prata, N Morris, L Mazive, E Vahidnia, F Stehr, M AF Prata, Ndola Morris, Lco Mazive, Elizio Vahidnia, Farnaz Stehr, Mark TI Relationship between HIV risk perception and condom use: Evidence from a population-based survey in Mozambique SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; AIDS KNOWLEDGE; PERCEIVED RISK; SOUTH-AFRICA; DETERMINANTS; INFECTION; TANZANIA; WOMEN; LUSAKA; ZAMBIA AB CONTEXT. The relationship between individuals' perception of their risk for acquiring HIV and their use of condoms is poorly understood. Understanding this relationship is crucial to the development of effective strategies to fight HIV and AIDS. METHODS: Data from the Mozombique 2001 Adolescent and Young Adult Reproductive Health and Behavior Risk Survey are used to compare 15-24-year-olds' assessments of their HIV risk with assessments based on current and past sexual behavior. In bivariate and probit regression analyses, the relationship between correct risk assessment and the likelihood of condom use at last intercourse is examined. RESULTS: Twenty-seven percent of women and 80% of men who considered themselves to have no risk ora small risk of contracting HIV were actually at moderate or high risk. For both men and women, the prevalence of condom use at last sex was more than twice as high among those who assessed their risk correctly (30% and 16%, respectively) as among those who did not(74% and 6%). Multivariate analysis showed that correct assessment was positively associated with condom use, the association was driven by use among never-married individuals. Never-married males who assessed their risk correctly were 78% more likely than other males to report condom use, never-married females, 17% more likely than other females. CONCLUSIONS: Educational messages should aim at enabling individuals to correctly assess their own HIV risk and encouraging behovior change based on self-assessment of risk. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Bixby Populat Program, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Demog Res Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Stat, Dept Stat, Maputo, Mozambique. Drexel Univ, LeBow Coll Business, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Prata, N (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Bixby Populat Program, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM ndola@berkeley.edu NR 29 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 5 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 125 MAIDEN LANE, 7TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10038 USA SN 0190-3187 J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1363/3219206 PG 9 WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 131KS UT WOS:000243868300004 PM 17237016 ER PT J AU Helsel, LO Hollis, DG Steigerwalt, AG Levett, PN AF Helsel, Leta O. Hollis, Dannie G. Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Levett, Paul N. TI Reclassification of Roseomonas fauriae Rihs et al. 1998 as a later heterotypic synonym of Azospirillum brasilense Tarrand et al. 1979 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL-SIGNIFICANCE; DNA REASSOCIATION; HUMAN INFECTIONS AB The relatedness of Roseomonas fauriae and Azospirillum brasilense was investigated using phenotypic methods and DNA-DNA hybridization. Conventional biochemical tests did not differentiate between the two taxa. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed high values for relatedness between the type strains of these species and suggest that these two taxa constitute a single species. Strains previously identified as R. fauriae should be reclassified as A. brasilense, with the name Roseomonas fauriae as a later heterotypic synonym of Azospirillum brasilense. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Levett, PN (reprint author), Saskatchewan Hlth, Provincial Lab, 3211 Albert St, Regina, SK S6S 5W6, Canada. EM plevett@health.gov.sk.ca NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 56 BP 2753 EP 2755 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64549-0 PN 12 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 120LV UT WOS:000243087100005 PM 17158972 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, JM Kim, J de Monastario, F Thompson, DJS Bone, RA Landrum, JT de Moura, FF Khachik, F Chen, H Schleicher, RL Ferris, FL Chew, EY AF Rosenthal, Julie M. Kim, Jonghyeon de Monastario, Francisco Thompson, Darby J. S. Bone, Richard A. Landrum, John T. de Moura, Fabiana F. Khachik, Frederick Chen, Huiping Schleicher, Rosemary L. Ferris, Frederick L., III Chew, Emily Y. TI Dose-ranging study of lutein supplementation in persons aged 60 years or older SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; SUBFOVEAL CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION; RESONANCE RAMAN MEASUREMENT; RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIALS; MACULAR DEGENERATION; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; BIOLOGICAL VARIATION; BEVACIZUMAB AVASTIN; BETA-CAROTENE AB PURPOSE. To examine the dose-response relationship between oral lutein supplementation and serum lutein concentrations in persons aged 60 years and older, with or without age- related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS. Forty-five participants with no AMD, large drusen, or advanced AMD, were randomized to receive one of three doses (2.5, 5, or 10 mg) of lutein for 6 months and to be observed for 6 additional months after the cessation of lutein supplementation. RESULTS. The mean age of the participants (33 women) was 71 years (range: 60-91). The serum lutein concentrations of each dose group were similar before supplementation, increased at 1 month, and peaked by 3 months. Median serum concentrations of the 2.5- ,5-, and 10-mg groups from baseline to month 6 increased from 18.7 to 35.1 mu g/dL (2-fold increase), from 17.8 to 59.2 mu g/dL (2.9-fold increase), and from 15.1 to 66.8 mu g/dL (4-fold increase), respectively (all P < 0.001). The increases in lutein serum concentrations did not vary with AMD disease severity (P = 0.98). No toxicity was observed with any dose of lutein. No significant changes were detected in visual acuity or visual field tests. CONCLUSIONS. Increasing doses of lutein supplements significantly increased the serum levels of lutein and zeaxanthin, and doses up to 10 mg were safely administered. A long-term large clinical trial is necessary to investigate the safety and efficacy of lutein in reducing the risk of the development of advanced AMD. C1 NEI, Clin Trials Branch, Div Epidemiol & Clin Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. NEI, Off Clin Director, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Inst Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chew, EY (reprint author), CRC, Room 3-2531,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1204, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM echew@nei.nih.gov RI Khachik, Frederick/C-5055-2009; OI De Moura, Fabiana F./0000-0001-8176-5352 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 EY999999, ZIA EY000485-01]; NIGMS NIH HHS [S06GM0825] NR 35 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC PI ROCKVILLE PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA SN 0146-0404 J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 47 IS 12 BP 5227 EP 5233 DI 10.1167/iovs.05-1513 PG 7 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 110TW UT WOS:000242404900016 PM 17122107 ER PT J AU San Antonio-Gaddy, M Richardson-Moore, A Burstein, GR Newman, DR Branson, BM Birkhead, GS AF San Antonio-Gaddy, Mara Richardson-Moore, April Burstein, Gale R. Newman, Daniel R. Branson, Bernard M. Birkhead, Guthrie S. TI Rapid HIV antibody testing in the New York State anonymous HIV counseling and testing program - Experience from the field SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE rapid HIV testing; HIV testing; screening for HIV antibodies; anonymous HIV testing; public health screening for HIV ID RISK BEHAVIORS; INFECTION; MEN; SEX AB Objectives: To assess rapid and conventional HIV test use, client satisfaction, and counselors' comfort. Methods: At 61 HIV test sites in New York State, we compared HIV test use during the first 6 months of rapid testing in 2003 with the same time period in 2002. We administered surveys to clients at each site during the first 30 days of rapid testing and to counselors before and after training and after 12 weeks of using rapid tests in the field. Results: Almost all (1249 [96.5%] of 1294) clients surveyed selected rapid over conventional HIV testing. During the evaluation period, 6187 HIV tests were reported, 1667 (36.9%) more than during the same period in 2002. All 5771 (100%) of 5771 clients received their rapid HIV test results compared with 333 (85.8%) of 388 clients (P < 0.0001) who had elected conventional testing. After performing rapid testing for 12 weeks, 32 (80%) of 40 trained counselors reported feeling "very comfortable" delivering reactive rapid test results compared with 14 (35%) of 40 trained counselors (P < 0.001) before training. Conclusions: Rapid testing presents a key opportunity to increase the number of people undergoing HIV testing and the proportion receiving their test results. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, AIDS Inst, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP San Antonio-Gaddy, M (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, AIDS Inst, Corning Tower,Room 315 ESP, Albany, NY 12237 USA. EM mls07@health.state.ny.us NR 15 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 446 EP 450 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106VH UT WOS:000242129600011 PM 16980908 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, AB Farnham, PG Dean, HD Ekwueme, DU del Rio, C Kamimoto, L Kellerman, SE AF Hutchinson, Angela B. Farnham, Paul G. Dean, Hazel D. Ekwueme, Donatus U. del Rio, Carlos Kamimoto, Laurie Kellerman, Scott E. TI The economic burden of HIV in the United States in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy - Evidence of continuing racial and ethnic differences SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; cost of illness; race-ethnicity; productivity loss; direct medical costs; economic burden ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; HIV/AIDS; CARE; PREVENTION; INFECTION; OUTCOMES; DISEASE AB Background: Assessing the economic burden of HIV/AIDS can help to quantify the effect of the epidemic on a population and assist policy makers in allocating public health resources. Objective: To estimate the economic burden of HIV/AIDS in the United States and provide race/ethnicity-specific estimates. Methods: We conducted an incidence-based cost-of-illness analysis to estimate the lifetime cost of HIV/AIDS resulting from new infections diagnosed in 2002. Data from the HIV/AIDS Reporting System of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used to determine stage of disease at diagnosis and proportion of cases by race/ethnicity. Lifetime direct medical costs and mortality-related productivity losses were estimated using data on cost, life expectancy, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) use from the literature. Results: The cost of new HIV infections in the United States in 2002 is estimated at $36.4 billion, including $6.7 billion in direct medical costs and $29.7 billion in productivity losses. Direct medical costs per case were highest for whites ($180,900) and lowest for blacks ($160,400). Productivity losses per case were lowest for whites ($661,100) and highest for Hispanics ($838,000). In a sensitivity analysis, universal use of ART and more effective ART regimens decreased the overall cost of illness. Conclusion: Direct medical costs and productivity losses of HIV/AIDS resulting from infections diagnosed in 2002 are substantial. Productivity losses far surpass direct medical costs and are disproportionately borne by minority races/ethnicities. Our analysis underscores economic benefits of more effective ART regimens and universal access to ART. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. CDC, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, AIDS Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Hutchinson, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ahutchinson@cdc.gov RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 32 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 451 EP 457 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000243090.32866.4e PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 106VH UT WOS:000242129600012 PM 16980906 ER PT J AU Simoni, JM Pearson, CR Pantalone, DW Marks, G Crepaz, N AF Simoni, Jane M. Pearson, Cynthia R. Pantalone, David W. Marks, Gary Crepaz, Nicole TI Efficacy of interventions in improving highly active antiretroviral therapy adherence and HIV-1 RNA viral load - A meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Proceedings of the State of the Science Meeting on Intervention Research to Improve ARV Adherence CY NOV, 2005 CL Yale Univ, New Haven, CT SP Natl Inst Drug Abuse HO Yale Univ DE adherence; antiretroviral therapy; HIV/AIDS; interventions; meta-analysis; review ID MEDICATION ADHERENCE; INCREASE ADHERENCE; PATIENT ADHERENCE; CLINICAL-TRIAL; DRUG-USERS; INFECTION; PROGRAM; IMPACT; AIDS; MANAGEMENT AB Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is generally suboptimal, limiting the effectiveness of HAART. This meta-analytic review examined whether behavioral interventions addressing HAART adherence are successful in increasing the likelihood of a patient attaining 95% adherence or an undetectable HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL). We searched electronic databases from January 1996 to September 2005, consulted with experts in the field, and hand searched reference sections from relevant articles. Nineteen studies (with a total of 1839 participants) met the selection criteria of describing a randomized controlled trial among adults evaluating a behavioral intervention with HAART adherence or VL as an outcome. Random-effects models indicated that across studies, participants in the intervention arm were more likely than those in the control arm to achieve 95% adherence (odds ratio [OR]=1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16 to 1.94); the effect was nearly significant for undetectable VL (OR=1.25; 95% Cl: 0.99 to 1.59). The intervention effect for 95% adherence was significantly stronger in studies that used recall periods of 2 weeks or I month (vs. <= 7 days). No other stratification variables (ie, study, sample, measurement, methodologic quality, intervention characteristics) moderated the intervention effect, but some potentially important factors were observed. In sum, various HAART adherence intervention strategies were shown to be successful, but more research is needed to identify the most efficacious intervention components and the best methods for implementing them in real-world settings with limited resources. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Simoni, JM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, POB 351525, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jsimoni@u.washington.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI027757]; NIMH NIH HHS [2 R01 MH 58986, F31 MH071179, F31 MH71179, R01 MH058986] NR 49 TC 174 Z9 178 U1 2 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 43 SU 1 BP S23 EP S35 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000248342.05438.52 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 110AX UT WOS:000242351800005 PM 17133201 ER PT J AU Clark, SJ Cowan, AE Stokley, S Bilukha, O Davis, MM AF Clark, Sarah J. Cowan, Anne E. Stokley, Shannon Bilukha, Oleg Davis, Matthew M. TI Physician perspectives to inform a new recommendation for meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4) SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE meningococcal conjugate vaccine; physician; attitudes ID FAMILY PHYSICIANS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; RESPONSE RATES; PEDIATRICIANS; IMMUNIZATION; ADOPTION AB Purpose: In January 2005, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration licensed a new tetravalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MCV4). Before any policy decisions by the U.S. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) related to MCV4, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention requested a study to explore the perspective of primary care physicians regarding different recommendation scenarios for use of MCV4. Methods: Cross-sectional mail survey of a national random sample of pediatricians (PDs) and family physicians (FPs), conducted January 2005. Respondents chose from four MCV4 recommendation scenarios in terms of ability to implement, perceived patient/parent preferences, scientific evidence, and overall best fit. Results: Response rate to the single-mailing survey was 57%. In terms of ability to implement, respondents generally preferred an MCV4 recommendation targeted to middle-school entry (11-12 years old) or with the Td booster at any age, but on the basis of scientific evidence they favored MCV4 at high school completion. For "overall best fit," relatively equal proportions of respondents favored a recommendation at middle school entry and one linked to Td booster administration (whenever it occurred); there were no significant differences between PDs and FPs. Major influences on willingness to recommend MCV4 were vaccine safety/side effects and insurance coverage/reimbursement. Conclusions: Support for an MCV4 recommendation at middle school entry is common but not universal among primary care providers. Data suggest that respondents appreciate the potential discrepancy between practical aspects of vaccine delivery and the need to protect those adolescents at greatest risk of disease. Respondents' preferences for the overall best fit appear to prioritize ease of implementation over epidemiologic patterns. (c) 2006 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Gerald R Ford Sch Publ Policy, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Clark, SJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, 300 N Ingalls,Room 6E06, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM saclark@med.umich.edu NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 IS 6 BP 850 EP 855 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.08.009 PG 6 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 110EC UT WOS:000242360100010 PM 17116515 ER PT J AU Ghannoum, MA Arthington-Skaggs, B Chaturvedi, V Espinel-Ingroff, A Pfaller, MA Rennie, R Rinaldi, MG Walsh, TJ AF Ghannoum, M. A. Arthington-Skaggs, B. Chaturvedi, V. Espinel-Ingroff, A. Pfaller, M. A. Rennie, R. Rinaldi, M. G. Walsh, T. J. TI Interlaboratory study of quality control isolates for a broth microdilution method (modified CLSI M38-A) for testing susceptibilities of dermatophytes to antifungals SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI; formerly National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, or NCCLS) M38-A standard for the susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi does not specifically address the testing of dermatophytes. In 2003, a multicenter study investigated the reproducibility of the microdilution method developed at the Center for Medical Mycology, Cleveland, Ohio, for testing the susceptibility of dermatophytes. Data from that study supported the introduction of this method for testing dermatophytes in the future version of the CLSI M38-A standard. In order for the method to be accepted by CLSI, appropriate quality control isolates needed to be identified. To that end, an interlaboratory study, involving the original six laboratories plus two additional sites, was conducted to evaluate potential candidates for quality control isolates. These candidate strains included five Trichophyton rubrum strains known to have elevated MICs to terbinafine and five Trichophyton mentagrophytes strains. Antifungal agents tested included ciclopirox, fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, posaconazole, terbinafine, and voriconazole. Based on the data generated, two quality control isolates, one T. rubrum isolate and one T. mentagrophytes isolate, were identified and submitted to the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) for inclusion as reference strains. Ranges encompassing 95.2 to 97.9% of all data points for all seven drugs were established. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ Hosp, Ctr Med Mycol, EMBA, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. VCU Med Ctr, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Alberta Hosp, Natl Ctr Mycol, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Audie L Murphy Mem Vet Hosp, Lab Serv, San Antonio, TX USA. NCI, Pediat Oncol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ghannoum, MA (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ Hosp, Ctr Med Mycol, EMBA, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM mag3@case.edu NR 6 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4353 EP 4356 DI 10.1128/JCM.00688-06 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 117MC UT WOS:000242876300009 PM 17050812 ER PT J AU Mai, V Braden, CR Heckendorf, J Pironis, B Hirshon, JM AF Mai, Volker Braden, Christopher R. Heckendorf, Jill Pironis, Baiba Hirshon, Jon Mark TI Monitoring of stool microbiota in subjects with diarrhea indicates distortions in composition SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; UNITED-STATES; FECAL MICROBIOTA AB We utilized denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiling to survey stool microbiota in 175 persons with diarrhea and 113 asymptomatic persons in a diarrhea surveillance study. Compared with healthy controls, the microbiota profiles in diarrhea cases more frequently exhibited decreased diversity and strong bands indicating the overgrowth of selected bacteria or bacterial groups. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Enter Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Mai, V (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Rm 934-B MSTF,10 S Pine St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM vmai@epi.umaryland.edu OI Hirshon, Jon Mark/0000-0002-5247-529X FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [U01CI000296, U01 CI000296] NR 12 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4550 EP 4552 DI 10.1128/JCM.01542-06 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 117MC UT WOS:000242876300040 PM 17021054 ER PT J AU Register, KB Sanden, GN AF Register, Karen B. Sanden, Gary N. TI Prevalence and sequence variants of IS481 in Bordetella bronchiseptica: Implications for IS481-based detection of Bordetella pertussis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REPEATED DNA-SEQUENCE; REAL-TIME PCR; DIRECT FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY; NASOPHARYNGEAL SAMPLES; INSERTION SEQUENCES; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; NESTED PCR; DIAGNOSIS; PARAPERTUSSIS AB We report the prevalence in Bordetella bronchiseptica of IS481, a frequent target for diagnosis of Bordetella pertussis, as approximately 5%. However, PCR amplicons of the predicted size were detectable in 78% of IS481-negative strains. Our results suggest that PCR targeting IS481 may not be sufficiently specific for reliable identification of B. pertussis. C1 USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv Commissioned Corps, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Epidemiol Invest Lab, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Meningitis & Special Pa, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Register, KB (reprint author), USDA ARS, Resp Dis Livestock Res Unit, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, POB 70,2300 Dayton Rd, Ames, IA 50010 USA. EM kregiste@nadc.ars.usda.gov NR 55 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4577 EP 4583 DI 10.1128/JCM.01295-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 117MC UT WOS:000242876300048 PM 17065269 ER PT J AU Glass, MB Gee, JE Steigerwalt, AG Cavuoti, D Barton, T Hardy, RD Godoy, D Spratt, BG Clark, TA Wilkins, PP AF Glass, Mindy B. Gee, Jay E. Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Cavuoti, Dominick Barton, Theresa Hardy, R. Doug Godoy, Daniel Spratt, Brian G. Clark, Thomas A. Wilkins, Patricia P. TI Pneumonia and septicemia caused by Burkholderia thailandensis in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SP. NOV.; PSEUDOMALLEI; MELIOIDOSIS; MALLEI AB Burkholderia thailandensis is closely related to Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis. It is generally considered avirulent and previously has been reported to occur only in Southeast Asia. We report the first case of pneumonia and septicemia caused by B. thailandensis in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. St Marys Hosp, Imperial Coll London, Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. RP Glass, MB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,CDC, MS G34,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mglass@cdc.gov RI Spratt, Brian/A-1676-2009 FU Wellcome Trust [030662] NR 14 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4601 EP 4604 DI 10.1128/JCM.01585-06 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 117MC UT WOS:000242876300055 PM 17050819 ER PT J AU Hemashettar, BM Siddaramappa, B Munjunathaswamy, BS Pangi, AS Pattan, J Andrade, AT Padhye, AA Mostert, L Summerbell, RC AF Hemashettar, B. M. Siddaramappa, B. Munjunathaswamy, B. S. Pangi, A. S. Pattan, Jayashree Andrade, A. T. Padhye, A. A. Mostert, Lizel Summerbell, R. C. TI Phaeoacremonium krajdenii, a cause of white grain eurnycetoma SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHIALOPHORA-REPENS; HUMANS; PARASITICUM; INFECTIONS; AGENT AB We describe the first case of white grain pedal eumycetoma caused by Phaeoacremonium krajdenii in a 41-year-old man from Goa, India. Based on histological examination of biopsy tissue showing serpentine granules, a culture of the granules yielding phaeoid fungal colonies, and morphological characteristics and sequence comparison of the partial beta-tubulin gene with the ex-type isolate of P. krajdenii, the causal agent was identified as P. krajdenii. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Netherlands. Jawaharlal Nehru Med Coll, Dept Dermatol, Belgaum, India. Jawaharlal Nehru Med Coll, Dept Venereol, Belgaum, India. Jawaharlal Nehru Med Coll, Dept Leprol, Belgaum, India. Hi Tech Hlth Care & Diagnost Ctr Pvt Ltd, Belgaum, India. Basaveshwara Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Chitradurga, India. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 17,Room 2027,G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aapl@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 12 BP 4619 EP 4622 DI 10.1128/JCM.01019-06 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 117MC UT WOS:000242876300060 PM 17005754 ER PT J AU Wainberg, ML Muench, F Morgenstern, J Hollander, E Irwin, TW Parsons, JT Allen, A O'Leary, A AF Wainberg, Milton L. Muench, Frederick Morgenstern, Jon Hollander, Eric Irwin, Thomas W. Parsons, Jeffrey T. Allen, Andrea O'Leary, Ann TI A double-blind study of citalopram versus placebo in the treatment of compulsive sexual behaviors in gay and bisexual men SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS; RATING-SCALE; RELIABILITY; PARAPHILIAS; DISORDER; VALIDITY; TRIALS; ABUSE AB Objective: Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is a condition characterized by loss of control over sexual behavior and repeated negative consequences, including unsafe sex. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been found to reduce CSB symptomatology in open-label trials. The objective of this study was to conduct a preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of citalopram in the treatment of CSB. Method: Twenty-eight men who have sex with men who met the threshold for CSB on the basis of existing validated measures participated in a 12-week, double-blind trial of citalopram 20 to 60 mg/day to evaluate its effects on CSB symptoms. The primary efficacy measure was the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale-Compulsive Sexual Behavior. The study was conducted from June 2002 to April 2004. Results: Significant treatment effects were obtained for sexual desire/drive (p < .05) and frequency of masturbation (p < .01) and pornography use (p < .05). Both groups reduced sexual risk, but did not differ significantly. Conclusions: This study provides partial support for the effectiveness of citalopram for reducing symptoms of CSB in this population. Larger-scale trials are recommended to determine the public health benefits of this treatment. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. CUNY, CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wainberg, ML (reprint author), New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Unit 112, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM mlw35@columbia.edu OI Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU PHS HHS [U62 CCU217852] NR 29 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU PHYSICIANS POSTGRADUATE PRESS PI MEMPHIS PA P O BOX 240008, MEMPHIS, TN 38124 USA SN 0160-6689 J9 J CLIN PSYCHIAT JI J. Clin. Psychiatry PD DEC PY 2006 VL 67 IS 12 BP 1968 EP 1973 PG 6 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Psychiatry GA 120LI UT WOS:000243085800017 PM 17194276 ER PT J AU Gray, GC Capuano, AW Setterquist, SF Erdman, DD Nobbs, ND Abed, Y Doern, GV Starks, SE Boivin, G AF Gray, Gregory C. Capuano, Ana W. Setterquist, Sharon F. Erdman, Dean D. Nobbs, Newell D. Abed, Yacine Doern, Gary V. Starks, Sarah E. Boivin, Guy TI Multi-year study of human metapneumovirus infection at a large US Midwestern medical referral center SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE human metapneumovirus; respiratory viruses; epidemiology; genotyping ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; TRACT DISEASE; CHILDREN; SEROPREVALENCE; FAMILIES; PROTEIN; WATCH; YOUNG; GENE AB Background: Because of its recent identification, few multi-year epidemiologic studies of hMPV infection have been reported. Objective: We sought to retrospectively describe hMPV infections among patients evaluated by a large US Midwestern referral laboratory. Study design: Clinical specimens were submitted to a large US Midwest referral hospital from 1 October 2001 to 18 May 2004. RT-PCR was used to retrospectively screen the clinical specimens for human metapneumovirus. Demographic and clinical data were retrieved. Results: 34 (2.6%) of 1294 specimens were hMPV positive. Among these, 21 (62%) were culture positive and available for genetic typing. A previously considered rare genotype of hMPV, B1, was the most common single genotype identified, comprising 9 (43%) of the 21 isolates. Multivariate logistic regression modeling identified patients aged 0.4-9 years (OR = 8.9; 95% CI = 2.0-38.5) and those under intensive care (OR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.1-8.7) as more likely to have hMPV infection than their peers. Conclusion: In this large referral hospital viral assays more often had evidence of hMPV when they were collected from children receiving intensive care. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Hosp Informat Syst, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. CHU Laval, Chuq, Lab Infectiol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4G2, Canada. Univ Iowa, Hosp & Clin, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Gray, GC (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Ctr Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Epidemiol, 200 Hawkins Dr,C21-K GH, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM gregory-gray@uiowa.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [R03 AI054570-01A1, R03 AI054570] NR 26 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 269 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.08.016 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 114VW UT WOS:000242694700008 PM 17008122 ER PT J AU Banyai, K Jiang, B Bogdan, A Horvath, B Jakab, F Meleg, E Martella, V Magyari, L Melegh, B Szucs, G AF Banyai, K. Jiang, B. Bogdan, A. Horvath, B. Jakab, F. Meleg, E. Martella, V. Magyari, L. Melegh, B. Szucs, G. TI Prevalence and molecular characterization of human group C rotaviruses in Hungary SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; laboratory diagnostics; epidemiology; RNA profile; phylogenetic analysis ID OUTER CAPSID GLYCOPROTEIN; GROUP-B; GROUP-A; GASTROENTERITIS; OUTBREAK; DIARRHEA; CHILDREN; JAPAN; ELECTROPHEROTYPES; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background: Group C rotaviruses are recognized enteric pathogens of humans and animals. Human group C rotaviruses have been associated with sporadic episodes and large outbreaks of gastroenteritis in children and adults but their epidemiology and ecology are still unexplored. Objectives: To collect epidemiological data on group C rotavirus infections among children with gastroenteritis in Hungary and perform molecular characterization on the identified strains. Study design: Fecal samples were collected during the 2003 surveillance in Baranya County, Hungary. The presence of group C rotavirus RNA was investigated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction for the VP6 gene. The identified strains were further characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the VP7, VP6, VP4, and NSP4 genes. Results: Three of 472 samples (0.6%) tested positive for group C rotavirus. Two samples were selected for molecular analysis. Strains BaC 6104/03 and BaC 11549/03 displayed an overall identity of > 99.8% and 99.3% at the nucleotide and amino acid level, respectively. The VP7 of the strain BaC 6104/03 was most closely related (99.5% aa) to the Nigerian strain Jajeri, while the VP4s of strains BaC 6104/03 and BaC 11549/03 were more similar (98.1% aa) to strains Belem and 208, detected in Brazil and China, respectively. Conclusions: Based on this I-year study, we conclude that group C rotaviruses are not of epidemiological relevance in the etiology of childhood acute gastroenteritis in Hungary. The low sequence divergence between the Hungarian strains suggested that a single group C rotavirus strain circulated in this period in the study area. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Baranya Cty Inst State Publ Hlth Serv, Reg Lab Virol, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Gastroenteritis Viruses Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Bari, Dept Anim Hlth & Well Being, I-70010 Bari, Italy. Univ Pecs, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Fac Med, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary. Univ Pecs, Dept Med Genet & Child Dev, Fac Med, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary. RP Banyai, K (reprint author), Baranya Cty Inst State Publ Hlth Serv, Reg Lab Virol, Szabadsag Ut 7, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. EM bkrota@hotmail.com RI Jakab, Ferenc/B-1536-2016; Martella, Vito/K-3146-2016; OI Martella, Vito/0000-0002-5740-6947; Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 37 IS 4 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.08.017 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 114VW UT WOS:000242694700016 PM 16996791 ER PT J AU Simoes, EJ Kobau, R Kapp, J Waterman, B Mokdad, A Anderson, L AF Simoes, Eduardo J. Kobau, Rosemarie Kapp, Julie Waterman, Brian Mokdad, Ali Anderson, Lynda TI Associations of physical activity and body mass index with activities of daily living in older adults SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE physical activity; functional limitation; activities of daily living; older adults ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; HEALTH; OBESITY; DISABILITY; RELIABILITY; VALIDITY; PROGRAM; ADLS AB Research reports about the associations of leisure-time physical activity (LPA) and Body Mass Index (BMI) with activities of daily living (ADL) - or instrumental activities of daily living (LADL)-dependent disability in older adults are inconclusive. Data were obtained from the 2000 Missouri Older Adult Needs Assessment Survey. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations of LPA and BMI with ADL-or IADL-dependent disability, while controlling for factors known to be associated with LPA, BMI, ADL and IADL. ADL-or LADL dependency decreased with LPA and increased with BMI regardless of each other's level, presence of functional limitation, education, gender, race-ethnicity, and health care coverage. Physically active individuals were less likely than inactive ones to be ADL- or IADL-dependent. BMI was modestly associated with ADL- or IADL-dependency and this relationship was confounded by LPA. If confirmed by well designed longitudinal studies, LPA and BMI independent associations with ADL- or LADL-dependent disability lends supports to a strategy for improving older adult quality of life through improved physical activity. Etiological studies on the associations between risk factors and quality of life outcomes in older adults should consider the joint confounding effect of LPA and BMI. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DACH, NCCDPHP,Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DACH, NCCDPHP,Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DACH, NCCDPHP,Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Behav Surveillance Brnach, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Waterman Res Solut, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. RP Simoes, EJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DACH, NCCDPHP,Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Prevent Res Ctr Program, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS-K45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM esimoes@cdc.gov OI Kapp, Julie/0000-0002-6642-9729; Simoes, Eduardo/0000-0003-4371-4305 NR 50 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 453 EP 467 DI 10.1007/s10900-006-9024-6 PG 15 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 117SO UT WOS:000242893800001 PM 17186640 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Merkle, SL Fulton, JE Wheeler, LS Mannino, DM AF Jones, Sherry Everett Merkle, Sarah L. Fulton, Janet E. Wheeler, Lani S. Mannino, David M. TI Relationship between asthma, overweight, and physical activity among US high school students SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE asthma; physical activity; overweight; youth; adolescent ID BODY-MASS INDEX; CHILDREN; OBESITY; COHORT; YOUTH; REAL AB Asthma is a leading chronic illness among children and adolescents in the United States. This study examined the relationship between asthma and both overweight and physical activity levels. Results are based on data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2003 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a cross-sectional survey of health risk behaviors among a representative sample of high school students in the United States. The overall survey response rate was 67% and the results are based on weighted data. SUDAAN was used for all data analysis (prevalence estimates and logistic regression) because it accounts for the complex sampling design of the survey. Significantly more students with current asthma than without were overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 1.6) and described themselves as overweight (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.0, 1.4). Significantly more students with current asthma than without used a computer for non-schoolwork 3 or more hours/day (OR = 1.3; 95% CI = 1.1, 1.5). No significant differences were found for participation in sufficient vigorous or moderate physical activity or strengthening exercises among students with and without current asthma. Unlike some other risk factors for developing or exacerbating asthma, overweight and physical activity are generally modifiable. School and community policies and programs can play an important role in asthma management, including promoting the maintenance of an appropriate weight and encouraging continued physical activity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SEverettJones@cdc.gov OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 6 BP 469 EP 478 DI 10.1007/s10900-006-9026-4 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 117SO UT WOS:000242893800002 PM 17186641 ER PT J AU Corneli, AL Bentley, ME Sorenson, JR Henderson, GE Van der Horst, C Moses, A Nkhoma, J Tenthani, L Ahmed, Y Heilig, CM Jamieson, DJ AF Corneli, Amy L. Bentley, Margaret E. Sorenson, James R. Henderson, Gail E. Van der Horst, Charles Moses, Agnes Nkhoma, Jacqueline Tenthani, Lyson Ahmed, Yusuf Heilig, Charles M. Jamieson, Denise J. TI Using formative research to develop a context-specific approach to informed consent for clinical trials SO JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS LA English DT Article DE formative research; informed consent; theory; culturally appropriate; HIV/AIDS AB PARTICIPANT UNDERSTANDING is of particular concern when obtaining informed consent. Recommendations for improving understanding include disclosing information using culturally-appropriate and innovative approaches. To increase the effectiveness of the consent process for a clinical trial in Malawi on interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during breastfeeding, formative research was conducted to explore the community's understanding of medical research as well as how to explain research through local terms and meanings. Contextual analogies and other approaches were identified to explain consent information. Guided by theory, strategies for developing culturally appropriate interventions, and recommendations from the literature, we demonstrate how the formative data were used to develop culturally appropriate counseling cards specifically for the trial in Malawi. With appropriate contextual modifications, the steps outlined here could be applied in other clinical trials conducted elsewhere, as well as in other types of research. C1 [Corneli, Amy L.; Bentley, Margaret E.; Sorenson, James R.; Henderson, Gail E.; Van der Horst, Charles] Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. [Moses, Agnes; Nkhoma, Jacqueline] UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. [Ahmed, Yusuf; Heilig, Charles M.; Jamieson, Denise J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Corneli, AL (reprint author), Family Hlth Int, POB 13950, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM acorneli@fhi.org RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008 OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 FU NCCDPHP CDC HHS [U48 DP000059]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI050410, P30 AI050410-099008, P30 AI050410-109008, P30 AI050410-119008] NR 57 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 1556-2646 J9 J EMPIR RES HUM RES JI J. Empir. Res. Hum. Res. Ethics PD DEC PY 2006 VL 1 IS 4 BP 45 EP 60 DI 10.1525/jer.2006.1.4.45 PG 16 WC Ethics; Medical Ethics SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Medical Ethics GA V44MP UT WOS:000203007100006 PM 19385837 ER PT J AU Selman, CA AF Selman, Carol A. TI The environmental health specialists network - EHS-Net SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Evironm Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Selman, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Evironm Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cselman@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 69 IS 5 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 111YG UT WOS:000242491200007 PM 17190342 ER PT J AU Kinney, RM Huang, CYH Whiteman, MC Bowen, RA Langevin, SA Miller, BR Brault, AC AF Kinney, Richard M. Huang, Claire Y. -H. Whiteman, Melissa C. Bowen, Richard A. Langevin, Stanley A. Miller, Barry R. Brault, Aaron C. TI Avian virulence and thermostable replication of the North American strain of West Nile virus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERFERON REGULATORY FACTOR-3; CROWS CORVUS-BRACHYRHYNCHOS; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK-CITY; NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; ATTENUATION MARKERS; VACCINE VIRUS; MIDDLE-EAST; BIRDS; INFECTION AB The NY99 genotype of West Nile virus (WNV) introduced into North America has demonstrated high virulence for American crows (AMCRs), whilst a closely related WNV strain (KEN-3829) from Kenya exhibits substantially reduced virulence in AMCRs [Brault, A. C., Langevin, S. A., Bowen, R. A., Panella, N. A., Biggerstaff, B. J., Miller, B. R. & Nicholas, K. (2004). Emerg Infect Dis 10, 2161-2168]. Viruses rescued from infectious cDNA clones of both the NY99 and KEN-3829 strains demonstrated virulence comparable to that of their parental strains in AMCRs. To begin to define parameters that might explain the different virulence phenotypes between these two viruses, temperature-sensitivity assays were performed for both viruses at the high temperatures experienced in viraemic AMCRs. Growth curves of the two WNV strains were performed in African green monkey kidney (Vero; 37-42 degrees C) and duck embryonic fibroblast (DEF; 37-45 degrees C) cells cultured at temperatures that were tolerated by the cell line. Unlike the NY99 virus, marked decreases in KEN-3829 viral titres were detected between 36 and 120 h post-infection (p.i.) at temperatures above 43 degrees C. Replication of KEN-3829 viral RNA was reduced 6500-fold at 72 h p.i. in DEF cells incubated at 44 degrees C relative to levels of intracellular virus-specific RNA measured at 37 degrees C. In contrast, replication of virus derived from the NY99 infectious cDNA at 44 degrees C demonstrated only a 17-fold reduction in RNA level. These results indicated that the ability of WNV NY99 to replicate at the high temperatures measured in infected AMCRs could be an important factor leading to the increased avian virulence and emergence of this strain of WNV. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis,Div Vector Borne Infe, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Kinney, RM (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis,Div Vector Borne Infe, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM rmk1@cdc.gov FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [CI000235]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI061822] NR 46 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 BP 3611 EP 3622 DI 10.1099/vir.0.82299-0 PN 12 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 111QJ UT WOS:000242468600016 PM 17098976 ER PT J AU Shah, SN Smith, EE Obonyo, CO Kain, KC Bloland, PB Slutsker, L Hamel, MJ AF Shah, Snehal N. Smith, Ernest E. Obonyo, Charles O. Kain, Kevin C. Bloland, Peter B. Slutsker, Laurence Hamel, Mary J. TI HIV immunosuppression and antimalarial efficacy: Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in HIV-infected adults in Siaya, Kenya SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; WESTERN KENYA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; HIGH-PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; KINSHASA; ANEMIA; COHORT; UGANDA AB Background. The altered immune response of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection could result in increased rates of antimalarial treatment failure. We investigated the influence of HIV infection on the response to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment. Methods. Febrile adults with Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia were treated with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and were monitored for 28 days. HIV status and CD4 cell count were determined at study enrollment. Results. Of the adults enrolled in the study, 508 attended all follow-up visits, including 130 HIV-uninfected adults, 256 HIV-infected adults with a high CD4 cell count (>= 200 cells/mu L), and 122 HIV-infected adults with a low CD4 cell count (< 200 cells/mL). The hazard of treatment failure at day 28 of follow-up was significantly higher for HIV-infected adults with a low CD4 cell count (20.5%) than for HIV-uninfected adults (7.7%). Anemia (hemoglobin level, < 110 g/L) modified the effect of HIV status on treatment failure. When we controlled for fever and parasite density, the hazard of treatment failure for HIV-infected adults with a low CD4 cell count and anemia was 3.4 times higher than that for HIV-uninfected adults (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.56-7.34). Conclusions. HIV-infected persons with a low CD4 cell count and anemia have an increased risk of antimalarial treatment failure. The response to malaria treatment in HIV- infected persons must be carefully monitored. Proven measures for the control and prevention of malaria must be incorporated into the basic package of services provided by HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome care and treatment programs in malarious areas. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, Manila, Philippines. Univ Toronto, McLaughlin Rotman Ctr, McLaughlin Ctr Mol Med, Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, CDC, KEMRI, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Shah, SN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St,Ste E5008, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM snshah@jhsph.edu NR 50 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 11 BP 1519 EP 1528 DI 10.1086/508892 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 102OD UT WOS:000241820800008 PM 17083036 ER PT J AU Kew, O AF Kew, Olen TI Naturally acquired immunity to poliovirus: Historical observations have been ignored - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID POLIOMYELITIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kew, O (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, G-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM omk1@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 11 BP 1619 EP 1621 DI 10.1086/508756 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 102OD UT WOS:000241820800024 ER PT J AU Guilamo-Ramos, V Jaccard, J Dittus, P Bouris, AM AF Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent Jaccard, James Dittus, Patricia Bouris, Alida M. TI Parental expertise, trustworthiness, and accessibility: Parent-adolescent communication and adolescent risk behavior SO JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY LA English DT Article DE adolescence; adolescent sexual/contraceptive behavior; communication; parent-adolescent relations; sexual behavior; tobacco use ID SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR AB A communication framework of persuasion and attitude change was utilized to analyze parent-adolescent communication about adolescent risk behavior. Three parent dimensions were deemed important: (a) perceived expertise, (b) perceived trustworthiness, and (c) perceived accessibility. Data were collected in surveys from 668 mother-adolescent dyads in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods in New York City (N = 668). Results showed weak correspondence between how expert, trustworthy, and accessible mothers thought they were on the one hand and how their sons and daughters characterized them on the other. All dimensions were related to how often adolescents said they talked with their mothers about a risk behavior, which, in turn, was predictive of lower levels of adolescent risk behavior. Implications for future research are discussed. C1 Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10027 USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Psychol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Guilamo-Ramos, V (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM rg650@columbia.edu NR 39 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-2445 J9 J MARRIAGE FAM JI J. Marriage Fam. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 68 IS 5 BP 1229 EP 1246 DI 10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00325.x PG 18 WC Family Studies; Sociology SC Family Studies; Sociology GA 116LH UT WOS:000242803900008 ER PT J AU Allison, MA Daley, MF Crane, LA Barrow, J Beaty, BL Allred, N Berman, S Kempe, A AF Allison, Mandy A. Daley, Matthew F. Crane, Lori A. Barrow, Jennifer Beaty, Brenda L. Allred, Norma Berman, Stephen Kempe, Allison TI Influenza vaccine effectiveness in healthy 6- to 21-month-old children during the 2003-2004 season SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS; CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OUTPATIENT VISITS; VIRUS VACCINES; HOSPITALIZATIONS; INFECTION; EFFICACY; INFANTS AB Objective: To assess the clinical effectiveness of influenza vaccine in preventing influenza-like illness (ILI) office visits. Study design: We analyzed billing and immunization registry data for healthy 6- to 21-month-olds from 5 Denver, Colorado pediatric practices (n = 5193). ILI and pneumonia/influenza (a subset of ILI) were defined from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for office visits occurring during peal: influenza season. Partially vaccinated (PV) and fully vaccinated (FV) patients were defined as having 1 shot and 2 shots. respectively, more than 14 days before the first ILI visit. The likelihood of an ILI visit was determined using a Cox proportional hazards model accounting for patient characteristics. practice site, and immunization status. Results: A total of 28% of the patients had an ILI office visit, and 5% had a pneumonia/influenza visit. Hazard ratios (HRs) for FV versus UV were 0.31 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3 to 0.4) for ILI and 0.13 (95% CI = 0.1 to 0.2) for pneumonia/influenza, corresponding to a vaccine effectiveness (1 - HR x 100) of 69% for ILI and 87% for pneumonia/ influenza. The corresponding HRs for PV versos UV were 1.0 (95% CI = 0.9 to 1.2) and 1.1 (95% CI = 0.8 to 1.5). Conclusions: Although 2 doses of vaccine were 69% effective against ILI office visits and 87% effective against pneumonia/influenza office visits, 1 dose did not prevent office visits during the 2003-2004 influenza season. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Ctr Hlth Sci, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Utah, Div Gen Pediat, Hlth Sci Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Allison, MA (reprint author), Univ Utah, Div Gen Pediat, Hlth Sci Ctr, 50 N Med Dr 2A200 SOM, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. EM mandy.allison@hsc.utah.edu FU PHS HHS [T32 HP 10006] NR 40 TC 64 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 149 IS 6 BP 755 EP 762 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.06.036 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 122QW UT WOS:000243242500007 PM 17137887 ER PT J AU Brener, N Kann, L Lowry, R Wechsler, H Romero, L AF Brener, Nancy Kann, Laura Lowry, Richard Wechsler, Howell Romero, Lisa TI Trends in human immunodeficiency virus-related risk behaviors among high school students - United States, 1991-2005 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB This paper examined changes in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related risk behaviors among high school students in the United States during 1991-2005. Data from 8 national Youth Risk Behavior Surveys conducted during that period were analyzed. During 1991-2005, the percentage of US high school students engaging in HIV-related sexual risk behaviors significantly decreased. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Surveillance Res Team, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Res Applicat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Brener, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Surveillance Res Team, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nad1@cdc.gov; lkk1@cdc.gov; rxl1@cdc.gov; haw7@cdc.gov; LMRomero@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 76 IS 10 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00152.x PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 109XO UT WOS:000242343100006 PM 17096826 ER PT J AU Conn, JM Annest, JL Bossarte, RM Gilchrist, J AF Conn, Judith M. Annest, Joseph L. Bossarte, Robert M. Gilchrist, Julie TI Non-fatal sports and recreational violent injuries among children and teenagers, United States, 2001-2003 SO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT LA English DT Article DE violence; injury; sports; child; adolescent; epidemiology ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN BOYS; PREVENTION PROGRAMS; CARE-CENTERS; SCHOOL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INTERVENTION; AGGRESSION; TRIAL AB Background: An estimated 2.7 million non-fatat unintentional sports and recreational injuries are treated in U.S. hospital emergency departments (EDs) annually. However, little is known about the number of sports and recreational injuries resulting from violent behavior. Methods: Data for 2001-2003 on sports and recreational injuries were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance Systern-All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP)-a national sample of 66 U.S. EDs. National estimates and rates of persons treated for violence-related sports and recreational injuries in EDs are compared to those treated for unintentional sports and recreational injuries. Types of injuries and injury circumstances are described. Results: During the study period, an estimated 6705 (8.3 per 100,000; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 6.3-10.3) children and teenagers with violence-related sports and recreational injuries were treated in U.S. EDs annually, compared to 2,698,634 children and teenagers with unintentional sports and recreational injuries. Thus, violent behavior accounted for 0.25% of sports and recreational injuries. The highest incidence rate (13.6 per 100,000) for violence-related sports and recreational injuries was for children aged 10-14 years. Most patients with violence-related sports and recreational injuries were treated and released from the ED. A majority of those with violence-related sports and recreational injuries were injured to the head/neck region (52.2%), of which 24.1% were treated for traumatic brain injuries. Most violent injuries resulted from being pushed or hit (65.6%); the most common sports and recreational activity varied by age: playground (65.2%) for children <=9 years; bicycling (26.7%) for 10-14-year-olds; basketball (45.3%) for 15-19-year-otds. Conclusions: National ED surveillance systems can provide useful information pertaining to prevention programs designed to reduce sports and recreational injuries resulting from violent behavior and unintentional causes. Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Conn, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-K59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jconn@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPORTS MEDICINE AUSTRALIA PI DICKSON PA PO BOX 237, DICKSON, ACT 2602, AUSTRALIA SN 1440-2440 J9 J SCI MED SPORT JI J. Sci. Med. Sport PD DEC PY 2006 VL 9 IS 6 BP 479 EP 489 DI 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.03.004 PG 11 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 119TY UT WOS:000243037800009 PM 16621700 ER PT J AU Flores, AE Grajales, JS Salas, IF Garica, GP Becerra, MHL Lozano, S Brogdon, WG Black, WC Beaty, B AF Flores, Adriana E. Salomon Grajales, Jaime Fernandez Salas, Ildefonso Ponce Garica, Gustavo Loaiza Becerra, Ma. Haydee Lozano, Saul Brogdon, William G. Black, William C. Beaty, Barry TI Mechanisms of insecticide resistance in field populations of Aedes aegypti (L.) from Quintana Roo, Southern Mexico SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; insecticide resistance; insecticide surveillance; esterases; permethrin ID GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASES; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; CROSS-RESISTANCE; ELEVATED OXIDASE; DDT-RESISTANCE; PURIFICATION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB Potential insecticide-resistance mechanisms were studied with the use of biochemical assays in Aedes aegypti (L.) collected from 5 municipalities representing the north part of Quintana Roo: Benito Juarez, Cozumel, Isla Mujeres, Lazaro Cardenas, and Solidaridad. The activities of alpha and beta esterases, mixed-function oxidases (MFO), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), acethylcholinesterase (AChE), and insensitive acethylcholinesterase (iAChE) were assayed in microplates. Three replicates were performed for each enzyme and 60 males and 60 females were analyzed in each population. The New Orleans (NO) susceptible strain of Ae. aegypti was used as a susceptible reference and the threshold criteria for each enzyme were the highest NO absorbance values. In none of the 6 tests were absorbance values correlated in males and females. alpha esterases were elevated in Benito Juarez, Cozumel females and in Lazaro Cardenas males and females. beta esterases were elevated in Benito Juarez, Cozumel females and in Cozumel and Lazaro Cardenas males. Elevated esterases suggest potential insecticide-resistance mechanisms against organ ophosphate, carbamate, and some pyrethroid insecticides. Slightly elevated levels of MFOs appeared in Lazaro Cardenas females and in Cozumel, Isla Mujeres, and Solidaridad males. Mechanisms involving iAChE or GST were not apparent. C1 Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Lab Entomol Med, Fac Ciencias Biol, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. Secretaria Estatal Salud Quintana Roo, Cancun QRoo 77510, CP, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, DPD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Colorado State Univ, Anthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Microbiol Immunol & Pathol Dept, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Flores, AE (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Lab Entomol Med, Fac Ciencias Biol, Ap Postal 109-F, San Nicolas de los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. RI Lozano-Fuentes, Saul/H-4324-2011; Flores, Adriana/J-1820-2012; OI Lozano-Fuentes, Saul/0000-0003-1517-6853; Flores, Adriana E./0000-0001-8554-8865 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 672 EP 677 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[672:MOIRIF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125LY UT WOS:000243444600016 PM 17304936 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, LK Sutton, M Greenberg, AE AF Fitzpatrick, Lisa K. Sutton, Madeline Greenberg, Alan E. TI Toward eliminating health disparities in HIV/AIDS: The importance of the minority investigator in addressing scientific gaps in black and Latino communities SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; minority investigators; health disparities ID HIV-INFECTED ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; CARE; AIDS; RACE; PARTICIPATION; ACCESS AB Dialogue in the medical and public health communities has increasingly focused attention in the area of health disparities. We believe that the elimination of health disparities in the United States will require a multipronged approach that includes, at the very least, new approaches in both biomedical and prevention interventions. We also believe that since health disparities primarily affect communities of color, a model which fosters the development of junior scientists, clinicians and researchers of color who serve these communities will yield important progress in this field. The Minority HIV/AIDS Research Initiative at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a program that, through targeted research, aims to address health disparities in HIV/AIDS. Although the program is disease specific, there are a variety of lessons learned from its inception and implementation that can be useful throughout the scientific, medical and public health communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fitzpatrick, LK (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,E-45, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. EM lff5@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 12 BP 1906 EP 1911 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 118RL UT WOS:000242959300002 PM 17225832 ER PT J AU Wimberly, YH Hogben, M Moore-Ruffin, J Moore, SE Fry-Johnson, Y AF Wimberly, Yolanda H. Hogben, Matthew Moore-Ruffin, Jada Moore, Sandra E. Fry-Johnson, Yvonne TI Sexual history-taking among primary care physicians SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sexual history; primary care physicians ID TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE AB Background: Because many people seek sexual healthcare in settings where they seek primary healthcare, the extent to which primary care physicians take sexual histories is important. We surveyed Atlanta-area primary care physicians to estimate the extent to which they take sexual histories as well as the components of those histories and the circumstances under which they are taken. Methods: Four-hundred-sixteen physicians in four specialties (obstetrics/gynecology, internal medicine, general/family practice, pediatrics) responded to a mail survey conducted during 2003-2004. Respondents answered whether they asked about sexual activity at all, including specific components of a comprehensive sexual history such as sexual as sexual orientation, numbers of partners and types of sexual activity, during routine exams, initial exams, complaintbased visits or never. Respondents also reported their opinions on whether they felt trained and comfortable taking sexual histories. Results: Respondents (51% male, 58% white) saw an,average of 94 patients per week, A majority (56%) felt adequately trained, while 79% felt comfortable taking sexual histories. Almost three in five (58%) asked about sexual activity at a routine visits but much smaller proportions (12-34%) asked about the components of a sexual history. However, 76% of physicians reported asking about sexual history (61-75% for various components) if they felt it would be relevant to the chief complaint. Conclusions: Most physicians report feeling comfortable taking sexual histories and will do so if the patient's apparent complaint is related to sexual health. But sexual histories as part of routine and preventive healthcare are less common, and many physicians miss essential components of a comprehensive sexual history. Structural changes and suggestions for training to enhance sexual history-taking are discussed. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Grant Med Ctr, Columbus, OH USA. RP Wimberly, YH (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM ywimberly@msm.edu NR 17 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 11 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 98 IS 12 BP 1924 EP 1929 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 118RL UT WOS:000242959300005 PM 17225835 ER PT J AU Kempton, CL Soucie, JM Abshire, TC AF Kempton, C. L. . Soucie, J. . M. Abshire, T. C. TI Incidence of inhibitors in a cohort of 838 males with hemophilia A previously treated with factor VIII concentrates SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE hemophilia; inhibitor; previously treated ID FACTOR-IX INHIBITORS; RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE; AGE AB Background: Development of an inhibitory antibody to factor VIII is currently the most serious complication of hemophilia A treatment. The rate of inhibitor development in those that have been previously treated with factor concentrates is poorly defined. Understanding the baseline rate of inhibitor development in the population of previously treated patients (PTPs) is important when evaluating the effect of exposure to new factor replacement products on inhibitor formation. Objectives: To determine the rate of inhibitor development in PTPs with hemophilia A. Methods: A cohort of males with hemophilia A who had data collected on four or more occasions prior to 30 March 2003, as part of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Universal Data Collection Project, were eligible for inclusion in the cohort. Patients were included in the cohort if they had at least two Bethesda assay measurements and did not have an inhibitor prior to or at the start of the study period. The overall incidence rate was estimated as the number of verified incident inhibitor cases divided by the total follow-up time in years multiplied by 1000 (cases per 1000 person-years). Results: A total of 838 patients were included in the study. The overall incidence rate was calculated to be 2.14 cases per 1000 person years. All incident cases had more than 50 exposure days prior to inhibitor development. Conclusions: Given the low rate of inhibitor development in PTPs with hemophilia A, small, non-randomized studies are inadequate to determine the rate of inhibitor development after exposure to novel products. Ongoing, standardized, postmarketing surveillance is needed to determine if novel factor products pose an increased risk of inhibitor development. C1 Emory Univ, Aflac Canc Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Blood Disorders Serv, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kempton, CL (reprint author), 2015 Uppergate Dr,Suite 400, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM christine.kempton@emoryhealthcare.org NR 23 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 4 IS 12 BP 2576 EP 2581 DI 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02233.x PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 104IB UT WOS:000241951000013 PM 17002659 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Reeves, WK Spurlock, JP Mahan, SM Troughton, DR Dasch, GA Levin, ML AF Loftis, Amanda D. Reeves, Will K. Spurlock, John P. Mahan, Suman M. Troughton, Danielle R. Dasch, Gregory A. Levin, Michael L. TI Infection of a goat with a tick-transmitted Ehrlichia from Georgia, USA, that is closely related to Ehrlichia ruminantium SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ehrlichia; tick-borne diseases; emerging infectious diseases; lxodidae; ruminants; animal disease models; polymerase chain reaction ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COWDRIA-RUMINANTIUM; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; UNITED-STATES; GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ASSAY; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; IXODIDAE TICKS; DNA-PROBE AB We detected a novel tick-transmitted Ehrlichia in a goat following exposure to lone star ticks (Aniblyomma americanum) from a park in the metropolitan area of Atlanta, GA, U.S.A. Nineteen days after infestation with field-collected adult ticks, the goat developed a fever of two days duration, which coincided with mild clinical pathologic changes and the presence of DNA from a novel Ehrlichia in peripheral blood. The goat transmitted ehrlichiae to uninfected nymphal A. americanum that fed upon the goat, and the ticks maintained the pathogen transstadially. Five months after exposure, immunosuppression of the goat resulted in transient ehrlichemia with transmission of ehrlichiae to feeding ticks. Sequencing and phylogenetic reconstructions of the 16S rRNA, gltA, map 1, map2, and ribonuclease III genes suggest the agent might be a divergent strain of Ehrlichia ruminantium, the agent of heartwater, or a new, closely related species. Convalescent serum from the goat reacted with the MAP-1 protein of E. ruminantium and with whole-cell Ehrlichia chaffeensis antigen. DNA from the novel Ehrlichia was detected in 5/302 field-collected adult A. americanum from the park. Our data suggest that A. americanum is a natural vector and reservoir of this Ehrlichia and that domestic goats can be reservoirs The geographic range of the agent and its pathogenicity to humans and livestock needs to be evaluated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis & Pathol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mail Stop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 213 EP 223 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[213:IOAGWA]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125CB UT WOS:000243418000001 PM 17249337 ER PT J AU Brinkerhoff, RJ Markeson, AB Knouft, JH Gage, KL Montenieri, JA AF Brinkerhoff, R. Jory Markeson, Amelia B. Knouft, Jason H. Gage, Kenneth L. Montenieri, John A. TI Abundance patterns of two Oropsylla (Ceratophyllidae : Siphonaptera) species on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) hosts SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE competition; Cynomys; ectoparasite; facilitation; flea; Oropsylla; parasite ID FLEA ASSEMBLAGES; PARASITE INFECTION; HELMINTH-PARASITES; SMALL MAMMALS; NEGEV DESERT; DIVERSITY; RODENT; ECTOPARASITES; COEXISTENCE; COMPETITION AB Behavioral, genetic, and immune variation within a host population may lead to aggregation of parasites whereby a small proportion of hosts harbor a majority of parasites. In situations where two or more parasite species infect the same host population there is the potential for interaction among parasites that could potentially influence patterns of aggregation through either competition or facilitation. We studied the occurrence and abundance patterns of two congeneric flea species on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) hosts to test for interactions among parasite species. We live-trapped prairie dogs on ten sites in Boulder County, CO and collected their fleas. We found a non-random, positive association between the two flea species, Oropsylla hirsuta and O. tuberculata cynomuris; hosts with high loads of one flea species had high loads of the second species. This result suggests that there is no interspecific competition among fleas on prairie dog hosts. Host weight had a weak negative relationship to flea load and host sex did not influence flea load, though there were slight differences in flea prevalence and abundance between male and female C. ludovicianus. While genetic and behavioral variation among hosts may predispose certain individuals to infection, our results indicate apparent facilitation among flea species that may result from immune suppression or other flea-mediated factors. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Brinkerhoff, RJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Brinkerhoff, Jory/I-9364-2012 NR 60 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 355 EP 363 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[355:APOTOC]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125CB UT WOS:000243418000017 PM 17249353 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Streicker, DG Loftis, AD Dasch, GA AF Reeves, Will K. Streicker, Daniel G. Loftis, Amanda D. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Serologic survey of Eptesicus fuscus from Georgia, USA for Rickettsia and Borrelia and laboratory transmission of a Rickettsia by bat ticks SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carios kelleyi; Rickettsia; Borrelia; relapsing fever spirochetes; zoonosis ID KELLEYI ACARI; BARTONELLA; INFECTION; ARGASIDAE; PENNSYLVANIA; POPULATION; DIPTERA AB Bats and their ectoparasites are associated with bacterial agents of unknown pathogenicity. We tested sera from 56 Eptesicus fuscus from Georgia against Borrelia hermsii, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia conorii, and Rickettsia rickettsii. We detected antibodies reactive against a relapsing fever Borrelia and spotted fever group Rickettsia in 3/56 and 1/56 bats, respectively. We attempted to culture Bartonella from the blood of these bats but were unsuccessful. In addition, we fed bat ticks, Carios kelleyi, infected with Rickettsia on a specific pathogen-free guinea pig. The guinea pig had a weak seroconversion to R. rickettsii with a peak titer of 1:32 starting on day 14. Rickettsia was not detected in any of the tissue samples from the guinea pig by molecular means. Our results indicate that E. fuscus is naturally exposed to both a spotted fever group Rickettsia and a relapsing fever group Borrelia. If these agents are transmitted by bat ticks, then people living in close proximity to bat ticks might be exposed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 386 EP 389 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[386:SSOEFF]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125CB UT WOS:000243418000021 PM 17249357 ER PT J AU Piesman, J AF Piesman, Joseph TI Response of nymphal Ixodes scapularis, the primary tick vector of Lyme disease spirochetes in North America, to barriers derived from wood products or related home and garden items SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lyme disease; prevention; ticks; Ixodes scopularis; forest products ID NEW-YORK; WESTCHESTER-COUNTY; DAMMINI ACARI; ESSENTIAL OIL; IXODIDAE; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; VEGETATION AB Forest products were tested to see if they functioned as a barrier to nymphal Ixodes scapularis. These products could potentially be used to define a border between high density and low density tick zones on residential properties in Lyme disease endemic regions of North America. Common home and garden items were also tested. Three wood products effectively acted as barriers to nymphal I. scapularis: Alaska Yellow Cedar sawdust, Alaska Yellow Cedar woodchips, and cellulose. These three products were then weathered to determine how long they remained active. Cellulose and Alaska Yellow Cedar woodchips lost their activity almost immediately (within three days); in contrast, Alaska Yellow Cedar sawdust impeded crossing by nymphal ticks for up to one month. Creating barriers at the woods-lawn interface may someday play a role in integrated campaigns to prevent Lyme disease but will not serve as a stand-alone measure to block transmission of Lyme disease spirochetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 412 EP 417 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[412:RONIST]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125CB UT WOS:000243418000025 PM 17249361 ER PT J AU Goddard, J Piesman, J AF Goddard, Jerome Piesman, Joseph TI New records of immature Ixodes scapularis from Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IXODIDAE; ACARI C1 Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Goddard, J (reprint author), Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. NR 9 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI CORONA PA 1966 COMPTON AVE, CORONA, CA 92881 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 421 EP 422 DI 10.3376/1081-1710(2006)31[421:NROIIS]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 125CB UT WOS:000243418000027 PM 17249363 ER PT J AU Nielsen, NO Evans, B King, LJ AF Nielsen, N. Ole Evans, Brian King, Lonnie J. TI The concept of rural community practice (RCP) SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Veterinary Medical Education for Modern Food System CY OCT 27-29, 2005 CL Kansas City, MO SP AAVMC ID POPULATION HEALTH AB The need to devote more human resources to veterinary public practice to cope with escalating threats to biological security, public health, and economic prosperity, while also addressing societal value changes, has been widely recognized and supported. Most envisage increasing the numbers of veterinarians in government employment. Why not at least combine this initiative, wherever possible, with far greater involvement of rural practitioners to deliver contractual public-practice services and provide an enhanced community interface? This could make the difference between having a local practice in a community or none at all, as well as promising to be more cost effective. The concept of rural community practice (RCP) envisages combining traditional services provided in a "mixed-animal" veterinary practice with an expanded portfolio of public-practice and communication services that meet the emerging animal, public, and ecosystem health needs of the collective community, not just those of animal owners. These services could include those involving active sentinel surveillance programs for both domestic animal and wildlife diseases; on-farm food safety; bio-security, traceability and export certification and audit programs; disease investigation, including foreign animal diseases; surge capacity emergency response; managing for ecosystem health; and client and community education. An expanded practice team of animal-health professionals and technologists, led by veterinarians, would deliver these services. This RCP approach should have the potential to make rural practice more attractive from economic, lifestyle, and job-satisfaction perspectives; to enhance the visibility and recognition of the profession; and to respond to changing and new societal needs. It also promises to maintain a stable network of veterinary practices in rural communities. In addition, the recognition of veterinary medicine as a public good should provide for consideration of increased investment by levels of government. At the same time, this new model could help meet the demands of animal and public-health government agencies that face expanding responsibilities during a sustained climate of reduced budgetary resources. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Canadian Food Inspect Agcy, Nepean, ON K1A 0Y9, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Nielsen, NO (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM olen@tbwifi.ca NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV TORONTO PRESS INC PI TORONTO PA JOURNALS DIVISION, 5201 DUFFERIN ST, DOWNSVIEW, TORONTO, ON M3H 5T8, CANADA SN 0748-321X J9 J VET MED EDUC JI J. Vet. Med. Educ. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 549 EP 553 PG 5 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Veterinary Sciences SC Education & Educational Research; Veterinary Sciences GA 130OI UT WOS:000243808500014 PM 17220495 ER PT J AU Li, X Kamili, S Krawczynski, K AF Li, X. Kamili, S. Krawczynski, K. TI Quantitative detection of hepatitis E virus RNA and dynamics of viral replication in experimental infection SO JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS LA English DT Article DE faecal shedding; hepatitis E virus RNA; LightCycler; quantification; reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; viraemia ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RT-PCR; STRAIN; HEV; VIREMIA; FECES; LIVER; INDIA AB Hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA has been detected in the stool and serum of patients with HEV infection and experimentally infected nonhuman primates. However, dynamics of HEV levels in the stool and serum during clinical and subclinical infections have not been determined. A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, using SYBR Green I in a LightCycler, was developed and optimized to allow quantification of HEV RNA in the stool and serum of both genotype 1 and 2 isolates. The specificity of the assay was confirmed by testing known HEV-RNA-positive and -negative stool and serum specimens and the sensitivity was evaluated using a synthetic HEV RNA standard. Profiles of viraemia and faecal shedding in two chimpanzees inoculated with an isolate of HEV genotype 1 showed the appearance of virus in the stools on day 4 postinoculation (5.65-6.85 log copies/mg) and in the serum on day 7 postinoculation (6.0-6.93 log copies/mL). Peak HEV RNA levels in the stool and serum coincided with peak alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels observed on day 22 postinoculation in the two chimpanzees. At the time of detection of IgG anti-HEV in serum, viral RNA was no longer detectable in the stool or serum and ALT values had returned to normal levels in both chimpanzees, suggesting the efficacy of the immune response in terminating viral replication. Quantitative evaluation of HEV RNA in humans may allow determining the role of virus levels in the pathogenesis and transmission of HEV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Expt Pathol Lab, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Krawczynski, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Expt Pathol Lab, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop A33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kzk1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1352-0504 J9 J VIRAL HEPATITIS JI J. Viral Hepatitis PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 12 BP 835 EP 839 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00754.x PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 105FW UT WOS:000242016800006 PM 17109683 ER PT J AU Rajeevan, MS Swan, DC Duncan, K Lee, DR Limor, JR Unger, ER AF Rajeevan, Mangalathu S. Swan, David C. Duncan, Kara Lee, Daisy R. Limor, Josef R. Unger, Elizabeth R. TI Quantitation of site-specific HPV 16 DNA methylation by pyrosequencing SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HPV; DNA methylation; pyrosequencing; CaSki; SiHa; exfoliated cervical cells ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; CERVICAL NEOPLASIA; CPG METHYLATION; CELL-LINES; INFECTION; CANCER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SENSITIVITY; PROGRESSION; PATTERNS AB Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a necessary but insufficient cause of cervical cancer. Factors influencing transcription, such as epigenetic silencing through viral DNA methylation, may impact neoplastic progression. Pyrosequencing technology was applied to quantify methylation at 19 cytosine guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites in the L1 3' and long control region (LCR) of HPV 16 DNA using cell lines, CaSki (similar to 400 integrated copies of HPV 16) and SiHa (1-2 integrated copies of HPV 16) that differ in their transcriptional activity. Methylation levels ranged from 20 to 100% in CaSki and from 0 to 85% in SiHa over the entire 19 CpG sites, with a > 40-fold difference in the methylation levels of their promoter and enhancer regions (SiHa < 2% and CaSki 79%). The method was successful at a limiting dilution of 1-4 HPV 16 DNA copies/3000 cells, a level compatible with most clinical samples. The results were not affected by fixation in methanol-based liquid cytology collection fluid or method of extraction. Conditions optimized with cell lines were applicable to fixed exfoliated cervical cells. Pyrosequencing provides a quantitative site-specific assessment of methylation at multiple CpG sites without cloning, and is thus suited to large-scale molecular epidemiologic studies. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rajeevan, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSG41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mor4@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-5005-01] NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD DEC PY 2006 VL 138 IS 1-2 BP 170 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.08.012 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 105TP UT WOS:000242055500022 PM 17045346 ER PT J AU Griffin-Blake, CS Tucker, PJ Liburd, L AF Griffin-Blake, C. Shannon Tucker, Pattie J. Liburd, Leandris TI Mind over matter: Exploring job stress among female blue-collar workers SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID LABOR-FORCE PROJECTIONS; HEALTH AB Although overall health has been defined holistically as the integration of a person's optimal mental, physical, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being, a mental health focus remains on the fringe of many public health efforts. This report describes recent efforts by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to explore job stress among female blue-collar workers. Using a more holistic approach to understand its impact on blue-collar women's overall health, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) was used to assess optimal human performance. Attempting to encapsulate how overall health affects one's ability to participate and fulfill daily personal/professional tasks, HRQOL yields a broader understanding of the interaction between psychological well-being (mind) and physical functioning (matter). Embedding CDC HRQOL-4 measures into a questionnaire used as part of a larger mixed methods project, blue-collar women responded to questions about their health, including both mental and physical. For these female workers, mental health appeared to be of greater consequence, which could be interpreted as mind being more significant than matter. This paper highlights the findings related to HRQOL issues experienced by these female blue-collar workers and summarizes recommendations for effective individual and organizational approaches to address job stress. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Community Hlth & Program Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Northrop Grumman Corp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin-Blake, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Community Hlth & Program Serv Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-30, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dyu9@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 10 BP 1105 EP 1110 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.1105 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 126GB UT WOS:000243499500001 PM 17199450 ER PT J AU Milan, S Ethier, K Lewis, J Kershaw, T Niccolai, L Ickovics, J AF Milan, Stephanie Ethier, Kathleen Lewis, Jessica Kershaw, Trace Niccolai, Linda Ickovics, Jeannette TI Reproductive health of urban adolescents: Differences in the behaviors, cognitions, and social context of African-American and Puerto Rican females SO JOURNAL OF YOUTH AND ADOLESCENCE LA English DT Article DE adolescent reproductive health; STD; pregnancy; sexual behavior; race; ethnicity ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; RISK; HISTORY; WOMEN AB Although ethnic and racial disparities exist in adolescent reproductive health, few studies have examined differences between members of different minority groups. This paper describes differences in measures of reproductive health behaviors, cognitions and social context between African-American (n = 170) and Puerto Rican (n = 150) adolescent females living in the same communities. After controlling for socioeconomic factors, several racial/ethnic differences emerged. Compared to African-American adolescents, Puerto Rican adolescents reported behaviors (e.g., increased sexual activity, less use of contraception), cognitions (e.g., more negative attitudes about condoms, less negative feelings about pregnancy), peer influences (e.g., more pregnancy amongst peers, less peer pressure to use contraception) and family influences (e.g., less parental pressure to use contraception, less importance placed on parental values) that potentially increase their risk for negative reproductive health outcomes, particularly adolescent pregnancy. These differences are important to consider in designing interventions aimed at reducing existing disparities in adolescent reproductive health. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS Yale, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent Behav Intervent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Milan, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Psychol, 406 Babbidge Rd,Unit 1020, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM stephanie.milan@uconn.edu NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0047-2891 J9 J YOUTH ADOLESCENCE JI J. Youth Adolesc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 35 IS 6 BP 959 EP 967 DI 10.1007/s10964-006-9084-z PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 106WC UT WOS:000242131700009 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Ungchusak, K Birmingham, M Bresee, J Dowell, SF Chunsuttiwat, S AF Olsen, Sonja J. Ungchusak, Kumnuan Birmingham, Maureen Bresee, Joseph Dowell, Scott F. Chunsuttiwat, Supamit TI Surveillance for avian influenza in human beings in Thailand SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. WHO, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SOlsen@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 6 IS 12 BP 757 EP 758 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70639-9 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 110JV UT WOS:000242375500006 PM 17123895 ER PT J AU Duru, OK Mangione, CM Steers, NW Herman, WH Karter, AJ Kountz, D Marrero, DG Safford, MM Waitzfelder, B Gerzoff, RB Huh, S Brown, AF AF Duru, O. Kenrik Mangione, Carol M. Steers, Neil W. Herman, William H. Karter, Andrew J. Kountz, David Marrero, David G. Safford, Monika M. Waitzfelder, Beth Gerzoff, Robert B. Huh, Soonim Brown, Arleen F. CA TRIAD Study Grp TI The association between clinical care strategies and the attenuation of racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes care - The translating research into action for diabetes (TRIAD) study SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE diabetes; quality of care; quality improvement; race and ethnicity; chronic disease ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; INFLUENZA VACCINATION RATES; MEDICARE MANAGED CARE; RACIAL DISPARITIES; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; REDUCING DISPARITIES; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; DISEASE AB Objective: We sought to determine whether greater implementation of clinical care strategies in managed care is associated with attenuation of known racial/ethnic disparities in diabetes care. Research Design and Methods: Using cross-sectional data, we examined the quality of diabetes care as measured by frequencies of process delivery as well as medication management of intermediate outcomes, for 7426 black, Latinos, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and white participants enrolled in 10 managed care plans wit in provider groups. We stratified models by intensity of 3 clinical care strategies at the provider group level: physician reminders, physician feedback, or use of a diabetes registry. Results: Exposure to clinical care strategy implementation at the provider group level varied by race and ethnicity, with < 10% of black participants enrolled in provider groups in the highest-intensity quintile for physician feedback and < 10% of both black and Asian/Pacific Islander participants enrolled in groups in the highest-intensity quintile for diabetes registry use. Although disparities in care were confirmed, particularly for black relative to white subjects, we did not find a consistent pattern of disparity attenuation with increasing implementation intensity for either processes of care or medication management of intermediate outcomes. Conclusions: For the most part, high-intensity implementation of a diabetes registry, physician feedback, or physician reminders, 3 clinical care strategies similar to those used in many health care settings, are not associated with attenuation of known disparities of diabetes care in managed care. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Primary Care, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Birmingham VA Med Ctr, Deep S Ctr Effectiveness, Birmingham, AL USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Duru, OK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Gen Internal Med, 911 Broxton Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM kduru@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG-02-004]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P20MD000148, P20 MD000148, P20MD000182]; PHS HHS [U58/CCU923530] NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1121 EP 1128 DI 10.1097/01.mlr.0000237423.05294.c0 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 111TI UT WOS:000242477200010 PM 17122717 ER PT J AU Warnock, DW AF Warnock, David W. TI Fungal diseases: an evolving public health challenge SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Congress of the International-Society-for-Human-and-Animal-Mycology CY JUN 25-29, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Int Soc Human & Anim Mycol DE fungal diseases; public health; coccidioidomycosis; cryptococcosis; moulds in buildings; Fusarium keratitis; prevention; control ID CONTACT-LENS; CRYPTOCOCCAL MENINGITIS; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; MICROBIAL KERATITIS; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WEAR; OUTBREAK; FRANCE AB The emergence of new fungal pathogens and the resurgence of mycotic diseases that had previously been uncommon is a serious and growing public health problem. This review examines the factors involved in the emergence or reemergence of several mycotic diseases, including coccidioidomycosis and cryptococcosis, over the past two decades. New approaches to prevention and control are also discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zooton Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bact & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Warnock, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Zooton Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Div Foodborne Bact & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DWarnock@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 697 EP 705 DI 10.1080/13693780601009493 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 135KB UT WOS:000244151400002 PM 17127626 ER PT J AU Qureshi, AI Suri, MFK Nasar, A Kirmani, JF Divani, AA Giles, WH AF Qureshi, Adnan I. Suri, M. Fareed K. Nasar, Abu Kirmani, Jawad F. Divani, Afshin A. Giles, Wayne H. TI Free Thyroxine Index and risk of stroke: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey follow-up study SO MEDICAL SCIENCE MONITOR LA English DT Article DE stroke; intracerebral hemorrhage; national survey; hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism ID CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM; THYROID-FUNCTION; HEART-DISEASE; DOUBLE-BLIND; HORMONES; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; LIPOPROTEIN(A); HOMOCYSTEINE; REPLACEMENT AB Background: The long-term risks of stroke associated with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism is unknown. We evaluated the long-term risk of stroke with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism compared with euthyroid status. Material/Methods: We used the 20-year follow-up data for adults aged 25 to 74 years who participated in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Follow-up Study. Hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism was diagnosed by free thyroxine index measurements at baseline evaluation and incident events were determined from hospital records and death certificates during follow-up. Relative risk (RR) of stroke, ischemic stroke, and intracerebral hemorrhage for each category of thyroid function were determined by Cox proportional hazards analysis after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Results: A total of 5,269 participants (mean age 48 +/- 14 years; 2,379 men) were evaluated. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism were diagnosed in 493 (9.4%) and 34 (0.7%) participants, respectively. After adjustment for covariates, a significantly higher RR for all strokes and for ischemic stroke was observed in participants with hypothyroidism (RR 1.6; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-2.6 and RR 1.6, 95% CI, 1.0-2.7, respectively). Hyperthyroidism was not associated with an increased risk for stroke. Conclusions: An increased risk for stroke (particularly ischemic stroke) was observed in patients with hypothyroidism. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Neurol & Neurosci, Zeenat Qureshi Stroke Res Ctr, Epidemiol & Outcomes Res Div, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Qureshi, AI (reprint author), 90 Bergen St,DOC-8100, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM aiqureshi@hotmail.com NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU INT SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE, INC PI ALBERTSON PA 1125 WILLIS AVE, ALBERTSON, NY 11507 USA SN 1234-1010 J9 MED SCI MONITOR JI Med. Sci. Monitor PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 12 BP CR501 EP CR506 AR PMID 17136005 PG 6 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 120UW UT WOS:000243112700005 PM 17136005 ER PT J AU Lucas, CE Brown, E Fields, BS AF Lucas, Claressa E. Brown, Ellen Fields, Barry S. TI Type IV pili and type II secretion play a limited role in Legionella pneumophila biofilm colonization and retention SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-POPULATIONS; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CELLS; EXPRESSION; MACROPHAGES; ADHERENCE; VIRULENCE; MOTILITY AB Legionellae colonize biofilms in building water systems, yet little is known about their interaction with the organisms in these microbial communities. The role of Legionella pneumophila type IV pili and the type II secretion pre-pilin peptidase was evaluated in a model biofilm system. L. pneumophila strains 130b (wild-type), BS100 (a type IV pili mutant) and NU243 (a pre-pilin pepticlase mutant) were assessed for attachment and retention in an established biofilm. Strains 130b and NU243 colonized the biofilm at a similar level while BS100 attached at a tenfold lower level. Over time, NU243 dropped below the level of detection while BS100 remained in the biofilm throughout the course of the experiment. The wild-type strain decreased but remained at a considerably higher level than either of the mutants. Inclusion of amoebae with BS100 allowed for attachment and retention at a level similar to 130b. NU243, which displays reduced intracellular replication, was able to establish itself and persist in the presence of amoebae. Thus, type IV pili and the pre-pilin pepticlase facilitate L. pneumophila colonization of biofilms but are not required in the presence of a host for intracellular replication. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lucas, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CHL9@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD DEC PY 2006 VL 152 BP 3569 EP 3573 DI 10.1099/mic.0.2006/000497-0 PN 12 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 122DL UT WOS:000243205800012 PM 17159209 ER PT J AU Schier, JG Rogers, HS Patel, MM Rubin, CA Belson, MG AF Schier, Joshua G. Rogers, Helen Schurz Patel, Manish M. Rubin, Carol A. Belson, Martin G. TI Strategies for recognizing acute chemical-associated foodborne illness SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; UNITED-STATES; CONTAMINATION; INGESTION; OUTBREAK; BOTULISM; ORGANOPHOSPHATE; THERAPEUTICS; INTOXICATION; MANAGEMENT AB The U.S. food supply is vulnerable to contamination with chemicals and toxins. Public health officials and clinicians may misdiagnose patients with acute chemical-associated foodborne illness (CAFI) due to unfamiliarity with chemical illness, increased familiarity with infectious foodborne illness, nonspecific presentation of most foodborne chemical poisoning, lack of readily available analytic methodologies to detect chemicals, and lack of education on how to develop a differential diagnosis for CAFI. This article will review the unique features of CAM in the acute setting, address important questions to help differentiate CAR from other foodborne illness, discuss laboratory features of CAFI, and provide health officials and clinicians with a clinical symptom-based approach to assist with proper identification and differentiation of acute CAFI. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, NCEH, EHHE,HSB MS F46,Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effec, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Schier, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, NCEH, EHHE,HSB MS F46,Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effec, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RI Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013 NR 63 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 171 IS 12 BP 1174 EP 1180 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 116XM UT WOS:000242837100005 PM 17256677 ER PT J AU Basavaraju, SV Schantz, P AF Basavaraju, Sridhar V. Schantz, Peter TI Soil-transmitted helminths and Plasmodium falciparum malaria: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and the role of nitric oxide in malaria and geohelminth co-infection. Do worms have a protective role in P-falciparum infection? SO MOUNT SINAI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE helminth; cerebral malaria; nitric oxide; CD23; malaria severity; co-infection ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; CEREBRAL MALARIA; SOLUBLE CD23; FACTOR-ALPHA; ASCARIS-LUMBRICOIDES; HOOKWORM INFECTION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; CHILDREN; CYTOKINES; THAILAND AB Malaria and intestinal helminths are sources of significant morbidity worldwide. Given the nature of shared endemicity, these diseases often co-exist in the same populations. Therefore, much attention is now being given to the interaction between helminths and Plasmodium in the situation of co-infection. Existing evidence is consistent with the hypothesis that helminths are associated with continued and possibly increased incidence of malaria infection. However, data from some recent clinical fieldwork suggest protection from cerebral malaria in the setting of helminth co-infection. Nitric oxide, coupled with the immunoglobulin E (IgE) receptor, CD23, appears to be a crucial factor in preventing the development of cerebral malaria, thus improving chances for the survival of both host and parasite. In this work, we review literature on the subject of helminth and malaria co-infection, and offer a theoretical explanation of the helminth modulation of clinical malaria. In doing so, we advocate further research on this subject and also the need for a dual approach in global disease control intervention, which simultaneously targets both malaria and geohelminth infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Mt Sinai Univ Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Basavaraju, SV (reprint author), 135 E 50th St,Suite 3C, New York, NY 10022 USA. EM sbasavaraju@lycos.com NR 40 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0027-2507 J9 MT SINAI J MED JI Mt. Sinai J. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 73 IS 8 BP 1098 EP 1105 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 128XF UT WOS:000243692300009 PM 17285203 ER PT J AU Herring, A Ballard, R Mabey, D Peeling, RW AF Herring, Alan Ballard, Ron Mabey, David Peeling, Rosanna W. CA WHO TDR Sexually Transmitted Dis Diagn TI Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests: chlamydia and gonorrhoea SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ACID AMPLIFICATION TESTS; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; CLEARVIEW CHLAMYDIA; ENDOCERVICAL SPECIMENS; CERVICAL SPECIMENS; LOW-PREVALENCE; CELL-CULTURE; DNA-PROBE; TRACHOMATIS; WOMEN C1 Univ Bristol, Sch Vet, Langford BS40 5DN, N Somerset, England. CDC, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Clin Res Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. WHO, World Bank, UNICEF,UNDP, Special Programme Res Dev & Res Training Huma, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Herring, A (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Vet, Langford House, Langford BS40 5DN, N Somerset, England. EM peelingr@who.int OI Mabey, David/0000-0002-0031-8276 NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 BP S41 EP S48 DI 10.1038/nrmicro1562 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 110XC UT WOS:000242413600006 ER PT J AU Herring, A Ballard, R Mabey, D Peeling, RW AF Herring, Alan Ballard, Ron Mabey, David Peeling, Rosanna W. CA WHO TDR Sexually Transmitted Dis Diag TI Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests: syphilis SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; ANTENATAL SYPHILIS; PLASMA REAGIN; PERFORMANCE; PREVENTION; AFRICA C1 Univ Bristol, Sch Vet, Langford BS40 5DN, N Somerset, England. CDC, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Clin Res Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. WHO, World Bank, UNICEF,UNDP, Special Programme Res Dev & Res Training Huma, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. RP Herring, A (reprint author), Univ Bristol, Sch Vet, Langford BS40 5DN, N Somerset, England. EM peelingr@who.int OI Mabey, David/0000-0002-0031-8276 NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2006 BP S33 EP S40 DI 10.1038/nrmicro1563 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 110XC UT WOS:000242413600005 ER PT J AU Williams, BL Magsumbol, MS Dhanireddy, R Barr, D Buckley, B AF Williams, Bryan L. Magsumbol, Melina S. Dhanireddy, Ramasubbareddy Barr, Dana Buckley, Brian TI Body burdens of neurotoxic heavy metals among a cohort of African-American neonates: Implications for neurological development SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 23rd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 17-21, 2006 CL Little Rock, AR C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth, Dept Pediat, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Rutgers State Univ, Environm Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 6 BP 1178 EP 1179 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 122FO UT WOS:000243211300114 ER PT J AU Whiteman, MK Kuklina, E Hillis, SD Jamieson, DJ Meikle, SF Posner, SF Marchbanks, PA AF Whiteman, Maura K. Kuklina, Elena Hillis, Susan D. Jamieson, Denise J. Meikle, Susan F. Posner, Samuel F. Marchbanks, Polly A. TI Incidence and determinants of periparturn hysterectomy SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; RISK-FACTORS; CESAREAN DELIVERY AB OBJECTIVE: Most studies of peripartum hysterectomy are conducted in single institutions, limiting the ability to provide national incidence estimates and examine risk factors. The objective of this study was to provide a national estimate of the incidence of peripartum hysterectomy and to examine factors associated with the procedure. METHODS: We used data for 1998-2003 from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample, an annual nationally representative survey of inpatient hospitalizations. Peripartum hysterectomy was defined as a hysterectomy and delivery occurring during the same hospitalization. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cis) were adjusted for maternal and hospital characteristics using logistic regression. RESULTS: During 1998-2003, an estimated 18,339 peripartum hysterectomies occurred in the United States (0.77 per 1,000 deliveries). Compared with vaginal delivery without a previous cesarean delivery, the ORs of peripartum hysterectomy for other delivery types were as follows: repeat cesarean, 8.90 (951% CI 8.09-9.79); primary cesarean, 6.54 (95% CI 5.95-;7.18); and vaginal birth after cesarean, 2.70 (95% CI 2.23-3.26). Multiple birth were associated with an increased risk compared with singleton births (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.16-1.71). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that vaginal birth after cesarean, primary and repeat cesarean deliveries, and multiple births are independently associated with an increased risk for peripartum hysterectomy. These findings may be of concern, given the increasing rate of both cesarean deliveries and multiple births in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Comforce Tech Serv Inc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Whiteman, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acq5@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 21 TC 53 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 108 IS 6 BP 1486 EP 1492 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000245445.36116.c6 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171XX UT WOS:000246769800021 PM 17138784 ER PT J AU Charles, LE Burchfiel, CM Fekedulegn, D Kashon, ML Ross, GW Sanderson, WT Petrovitch, H AF Charles, L. E. Burchfiel, C. M. Fekedulegn, D. Kashon, M. L. Ross, G. W. Sanderson, W. T. Petrovitch, H. TI Occupational and other risk factors for hand-grip strength: the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GRIP-STRENGTH; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE INSECTICIDES; MUSCLE STRENGTH; EXPOSURE; MEN; MERCURY; WORK; PERFORMANCE; DISABILITY AB Background: In certain occupations, including farm work, workers are exposed to hazardous substances, some of which are known to be toxic to the nervous system and may adversely affect muscle strength. Measurement of hand-grip strength may be useful for detecting neurotoxic exposure. Methods: The authors studied 3522 participants of the Honolulu Heart Program and the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study to determine whether occupational exposures to pesticides, solvents, and metals assessed at exam I (1965 - 68) are associated with hand-grip strength at exam IV (1991 - 93) and change in hand-grip strength over 25 years. Correlation, analysis of variance and covariance, and linear regression were used to evaluate the associations. Results: At exam IV, participants ranged in age from 71 - 93 years; mean hand- grip strength was 39.6 kg at exam I and 30.3 kg at exam IV. Over 25 years, the decline in hand- grip strength was an average of 8 - 9 kg for all exposures. Hand-grip strength was inversely associated with age and glucose but directly associated with cognitive function, BMI, and haemoglobin level. No other exposures were associated with hand- grip strength. Conclusion: This study did not provide evidence that occupational exposure to pesticides, solvents, and metals adversely affected hand- grip strength in this population, but confirmed other important associations with hand- grip strength. C1 NIOSH, HELD, BEB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Vet Affairs Pacific Isl Hlth Care Syst, Honolulu, HI USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Hawaii, John A Burns Sch Med, Dept Geriatr Med & Med, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Kuakini Med Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. Honolulu Asia Aging Study, Honolulu, HI 96817 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Charles, LE (reprint author), NIOSH, HELD, BEB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS L-4050, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM lcharles@cdc.gov RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-05102]; NIA NIH HHS [1-R01-AG17155-01A1, N01-AG-4-2149]; NINDS NIH HHS [1-R01-NS41265-01] NR 39 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 63 IS 12 BP 820 EP 827 DI 10.1136/oem.2006.027813 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 110ZY UT WOS:000242421300007 PM 16912086 ER PT J AU Singleton, RJ Bruden, D Bulkow, LR Varney, G Butler, JC AF Singleton, Rosalyn J. Bruden, Dana Bulkow, Lisa R. Varney, Gilbert Butler, Jay C. TI Decline in respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in a region with high hospitalization rates and prolonged season SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE respiratory syncytial virus; hospitalization rates; premature versus term infants ID ALASKA NATIVE CHILDREN; BRONCHIOLITIS-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; RISK-FACTORS; US CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; INFANTS; BRONCHIECTASIS; PALIVIZUMAB; COMMUNITIES; POPULATION AB Background: During 1993 to 1996, Alaska Native infants < 1 year of age from the Yukon Kuskokwim (YK) Delta in Alaska experienced a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization rate 5 times the U.S. general infant population rate. We describe trends in lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and RSV hospitalizations in YK children from 1994 to 2004. Methods: We abstracted hospital dates, RSV test results and clinical information from the hospital records for YK children < 3 years of age hospitalized between July 1994 and June 2004. Results: The RSV hospitalization rate in YK Delta children < 1 year of age decreased from 178 per 1000 infants per year (1994-1997) to 104 per 1000 infants per year (2001-2004) (P < 0.001), and the RSV hospitalization rate for premature infants decreased from 317 to 123 per 1000 infants per year (P < 0.001). The risk reduction for RSV hospitalization was greater in premature (relative risk, 0.39) than in term infants (relative risk, 0.60; P = 0.04). The rate of non-RSV LRTI hospitalizations increased from 153 to 215 per 1000 infants per year (P < 0.001). The median RSV season length was 30.5 weeks. Pneumonia was diagnosed in more than half of RSV admissions. Conclusions: In YK infants, the RSV hospitalization rate decreased by one-third between 1994 and 2004; however, the overall LRTI hospitalization rate did not change. The median RSV season was twice as long as for the U.S. population. Palivizumab prophylaxis may be responsible for the larger decrease in the RSV hospitalization rate among premature infants; however, the 2001-2004 RSV hospitalization rate among YK infants remained 3 times higher than the U.S. infant rate. C1 CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Singleton, RJ (reprint author), CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ris2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1116 EP 1122 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000245104.26996.57 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 114NQ UT WOS:000242673300004 PM 17133156 ER PT J AU Dennehy, PH Cortese, MM Begue, RE Jaeger, JL Roberts, NE Zhang, RP Rhodes, P Gentsch, J Ward, R Bernstein, DI Vitek, C Bresee, JS Staat, MA AF Dennehy, Penelope H. Cortese, Margaret M. Begue, Rodolfo E. Jaeger, Jenifer L. Roberts, Nancy E. Zhang, Rongping Rhodes, Philip Gentsch, John Ward, Richard Bernstein, David I. Vitek, Charles Bresee, Joseph S. Staat, Mary Allen TI A case-control study to determine risk factors for hospitalization for rotavirus gastroenteritis in US children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; risk factors; acute gastroenteritis; diarrhea ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN-MILK; PROTECTIVE FACTORS; DISEASE-CONTROL; ACUTE DIARRHEA; INFANTS; VACCINE; INFECTION AB Objective: The objective of this case-control study nested within a surveillance study conducted at 3 hospitals (Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Children's Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA; and Hasbro Children's Hospital, Providence, RI) was to identify risk factors for rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization. Patients: Cases were children : 59 months of age who were admitted with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) and found to have rotavirus infection. Controls were selected from a birth certificate registry (Cincinnati and Providence) or a registry of patients from a large practice consortium in 11 locations (New Orleans). Results: Three hundred forty-nine rotavirus-infected cases and 1242 control subjects were enrolled. Breast feeding was protective against hospitalization for rotavirus AGE for infants < 6 months of age. (odds ratio [OR], 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-13.2). Low-birth-weight (< 2500 g) infants had increased risk for hospitalization even beyond the first few months of life (OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.6-5.0). Children in child care were more likely to be hospitalized for rotavirus AGE than those cared for at home, particularly those >= 24 months of age (OR.. 3.0; 95% CI, 1.8-5.3). Other characteristics associated with rotavirus AGE hospitalization were children < 24 months of age covered by Medicaid or without insurance (OR, 2.1; 95% C12 1.4-3.2) and having another child in the house < 24 months of age (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3). The data suggest that maternal age < 25 years (OR, 1.4; 95% Cl, 1.0-2.0) and a mother with less than a hi-h school education (OR, 1.5; 95% Cl, 1.0-2.3) may also increase risk of rotavirus hospitalization. Conclusion: There are socioeconomic and environmental factors and aspects of the child's medical and dietary history that identify children at risk for hospitalization with rotavirus AGE. C1 Hasbro Childrens Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Brown Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Children Hosp New Orleans, New Orleans, LA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dennehy, PH (reprint author), Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Peidat Infect Dis, 593 Eddy St, Providence, RI 02903 USA. EM pdennehy@lifespan.org OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 FU PHS HHS [UR6/CCU61798-01] NR 46 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1123 EP 1131 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000243777.01375.5b PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 114NQ UT WOS:000242673300005 PM 17133157 ER PT J AU Yoder, JS Dworkin, MS AF Yoder, Jonathan S. Dworkin, Mark S. TI Vaccination usage among an old-order Amish community in Illinois SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Amish; vaccine; vaccine-preventable diseases ID CHILDREN AB The Old-Order Amish have low rates of vaccination and are at increased risk for vaccine-preventable diseases. A written survey was mailed to all Amish households in the largest Amish community in Illinois inquiring about their vaccination status and that of their children. In this survey, the Amish do not universally reject vaccines, adequate vaccination coverage in Amish communities can be achieved, and Amish objections to vaccines might not be for religious reasons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Yoder, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jey9@cdc.gov; mdworkin@uic.edu NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1182 EP 1183 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000246851.19000.3e PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 114NQ UT WOS:000242673300015 PM 17133167 ER PT J AU Daley, MF Liddon, N Crane, LA Beaty, BL Barrow, J Babbel, C Markowitz, LE Dunne, EF Stokley, S Dickinson, LM Berman, S Kempe, A AF Daley, Matthew F. Liddon, Nicole Crane, Lori A. Beaty, Brenda L. Barrow, Jennifer Babbel, Christine Markowitz, Lauri E. Dunne, Eileen F. Stokley, Shannon Dickinson, L. Miriam Berman, Stephen Kempe, Allison TI A national survey of pediatrician knowledge and attitudes regarding human papillomavirus vaccination SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediat Acad Soc DE immunization; human papillomavirus vaccine; physician attitudes ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; YOUNG-WOMEN; PARTICLE VACCINE; PARENTAL ACCEPTANCE; ADOLESCENT CHILDREN; NATURAL-HISTORY; CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES AB OBJECTIVE: A human papillomavirus vaccine was licensed in June 2006. The vaccine is quadrivalent, protecting against 2 human papillomavirus strains that cause cervical cancer and 2 that cause genital warts. The objective of this study was to determine physician characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes associated with an intention to recommend human papillomavirus vaccination. METHODS: Between August and October 2005, a cross-sectional survey was administered to a national network of 431 pediatricians. The network was developed from a random sample of American Academy of Pediatrics members and was designed to be representative of the organization's membership with respect to urban/rural location, practice type, and region. The survey was conducted before human papillomavirus vaccine licensure and therefore focused on a candidate quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine and a range of potential vaccination recommendations. The main outcome measure was intention to recommend a quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine to young adolescent (10- to 12-year-old) females. RESULTS: Survey response rate was 68%. If endorsed by national health organizations, 46% of respondents would recommend vaccination for 10- to 12-year-old females, 77% for 13- to 15-year-old females, and 89% for 16- to 18-year-old females. Corresponding rates for males were 37%, 67%, and 82%, respectively. Whereas 60% of respondents thought that parents would be concerned that human papillomavirus vaccination may encourage risky sexual behaviors, 11% reported that they themselves had this concern. Respondents who believed that other new adolescent immunization recommendations (eg, meningococcal, pertussis) would facilitate human papillomavirus vaccine implementation were more likely to intend to recommend vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Although a national sample of pediatricians expressed a high level of acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination in older adolescent females, fewer than one half anticipated giving human papillomavirus vaccine to younger female patients. Provider concerns about parental vaccine acceptance will need to be addressed to optimize human papillomavirus vaccination implementation. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Family Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Ctr Hlth Sci, Denver, CO USA. Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Daley, MF (reprint author), 1056 E 19th Ave,B032, Denver, CO 80218 USA. EM daley.matthew@tchden.org NR 56 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2006 VL 118 IS 6 BP 2280 EP 2289 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1946 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 111TX UT WOS:000242478900002 PM 17142510 ER PT J AU Taveras, EM Rifas-Shiman, SL Scanlon, KS Grummer-Strawn, LM Sherry, B Gillman, MW AF Taveras, Elsie M. Rifas-Shiman, Sheryl L. Scanlon, Kelley S. Grummer-Strawn, Laurence M. Sherry, Bettylou Gillman, Matthew W. TI To what extent is the protective effect of breastfeeding on future overweight explained by decreased maternal feeding restriction? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; body mass index; BMI; infant feeding; maternal feeding restriction ID CHILDHOOD OVERWEIGHT; OBESITY; CHILDREN; RISK; INFANTS; ASSOCIATION; ADOLESCENTS; ADIPOSITY; PARENTS; ACCESS AB OBJECTIVE. Previous studies have found that breastfeeding may protect infants against future overweight. One proposed mechanism is that breastfeeding, as opposed to bottle feeding, promotes maternal feeding styles that are less controlling and more responsive to infant cues of hunger and satiety, thereby allowing infants greater self-regulation of energy intake. The objective of this study was to determine the extent to which the protective effect of breastfeeding on future overweight is explained by decreased maternal feeding restriction. PATIENTS AND METHODS. We studied 1012 mother-infant pairs in Project Viva, an ongoing prospective cohort study of pregnant mothers and their children. The main exposure was breastfeeding duration, assessed at 1 year postpartum. At 3 years of age, the main outcomes were age-and gender-specific BMI z score and the sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thicknesses, with overweight defined as a BMI >= 95th percentile. We defined maternal restriction of infant's access to food as strongly agreeing or agreeing, with the following question from the Child Feeding Questionnaire: "I have to be careful not to feed my child too much." To examine the association between breastfeeding duration and our outcomes, we used multivariate linear and logistic models, adjusting for several potential confounders. In subsequent models, we also adjusted for maternal restriction of infant's access to food. RESULTS. The mean duration of breastfeeding was 6.5 months, and 12% of women strongly agreed or agreed with the restriction question. At age 3, mean for BMI z score was 0.47. Each 3-month increment in breastfeeding duration was associated with a reduction of 0.045 BMI z score. After adjusting for maternal restriction, the estimate was -0.039, a 13% attenuation. CONCLUSION. The protective effect of breastfeeding on future overweight seems to be explained only partially by decreased maternal feeding restriction. C1 Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Obes Prevent Program, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Taveras, EM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM elsie_taveras@harvardpilgrim.org FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD034568]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK040561, P30 DK040561-11] NR 31 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 7 U2 20 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2006 VL 118 IS 6 BP 2341 EP 2348 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1814 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 111TX UT WOS:000242478900009 PM 17142517 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Ingram, LA Fullerton, KE Marcus, R Anderson, BJ McCarthy, PV Vugia, D Shiferaw, B Haubert, N Wedel, S Angulo, FJ AF Jones, Timothy F. Ingram, L. Amanda Fullerton, Kathleen E. Marcus, Ruthanne Anderson, Bridget J. McCarthy, Patrick V. Vugia, Duc Shiferaw, Beletshachew Haubert, Nicole Wedel, Stephanie Angulo, Frederick J. TI A case-control study of the epidemiology of sporadic Salmonella infection in infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; infant; epidemiology ID SEROTYPE ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; FOODNET SITES; OUTBREAK; DIARRHEA; RISK; TRANSMISSION; CONSUMPTION; VIRCHOW; MILK AB OBJECTIVE. Rates of Salmonella infection are highest in infants, but little is known about potential sources of infection in this high-risk population. We performed a case-control study to identify dietary and environmental risk factors for sporadic salmonellosis among infants. PATIENTS AND METHODS. In 2002-2004, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network conducted a population-based, case-control study of sporadic salmonellosis among infants < 1 year of age in 8 states. Cases were identified via active laboratory-based surveillance. Healthy controls were frequency matched by age and identified through birth registries or published birth announcements. We assessed diet and environmental exposures in the 5 days before illness onset or interview. Data were analyzed by using logistic regression adjusting for age. RESULTS. The study enrolled 442 subjects and 928 controls. Compared with healthy controls, infants with Salmonella infection were less likely to have been breastfed and more likely to have had exposure to reptiles, to have ridden in a shopping cart next to meat or poultry, or to have consumed concentrated liquid infant formula during the 5-day exposure period. Travel outside the United States was associated with illness in infants 3 to 6 and > 6 months of age. Attending day care with a child with diarrhea was associated with salmonellosis in infants > 6 months of age. CONCLUSIONS. We identified a number of modifiable protective and risk factors for salmonellosis in infants. Attention should be directed at developing effective preventive measures for this high-risk population. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM tim.f.jones@state.tn.us NR 35 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2006 VL 118 IS 6 BP 2380 EP 2387 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1218 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 111TX UT WOS:000242478900014 PM 17142522 ER PT J AU Williams, DE Cadwell, BL Cheng, YJ Gregg, EW Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV Imperatore, G Cowie, CC AF Williams, Desmond E. Cadwell, Betsy L. Cheng, Yiling J. Gregg, Edward W. Geiss, Linda S. Engelgau, Michael M. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Imperatore, Giuseppina Cowie, Catherine C. TI Low prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in obese adolescents from southern Europe - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Williams, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2006 VL 118 IS 6 BP 2603 EP 2604 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-2571 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 111TX UT WOS:000242478900044 ER PT J AU Rauh, VA Garfinkel, R Perera, FP Andrews, HF Hoepner, L Barr, DB Whitehead, R Tang, D Whyatt, RW AF Rauh, Virginia A. Garfinkel, Robin Perera, Frederica P. Andrews, Howard F. Hoepner, Lori Barr, Dana B. Whitehead, Ralph Tang, Deliang Whyatt, Robin W. TI Impact of prenatal chlorpyrifos exposure on neurodevelopment in the first 3 years of life among inner-city children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pesticides; chlorpyrifos; neurodevelopment; behavior problems ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; EARLY COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; LEVEL LEAD-EXPOSURE; DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROTOXICITY; EARLY INTERVENTION; COCAINE EXPOSURE; BIRTH OUTCOMES; INSECTICIDE EXPOSURES; MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS; CELLULAR MECHANISMS AB OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos on 3-year neurodevelopment and behavior in a sample of inner-city minority children. METHODS. As part of an ongoing prospective cohort study in an inner-city minority population, neurotoxicant effects of prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos were evaluated in 254 children through the first 3 years of life. This report examined cognitive and motor development at 12, 24, and 36 months (measured with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) and child behavior at 36 months (measured with the Child Behavior Checklist) as a function of chlorpyrifos levels in umbilical cord plasma. RESULTS. Highly exposed children (chlorpyrifos levels of > 6.17 pg/g plasma) scored, on average, 6.5 points lower on the Bayley Psychomotor Development Index and 3.3 points lower on the Bayley Mental Development Index at 3 years of age compared with those with lower levels of exposure. Children exposed to higher, compared with lower, chlorpyrifos levels were also significantly more likely to experience Psychomotor Development Index and Mental Development Index delays, attention problems, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder problems, and pervasive developmental disorder problems at 3 years of age. CONCLUSIONS. The adjusted mean 36-month Psychomotor Development Index and Mental Development Index scores of the highly and lower exposed groups differed by only 7.1 and 3.0 points, respectively, but the proportion of delayed children in the high-exposure group, compared with the low-exposure group, was 5 times greater for the Psychomotor Development Index and 2.4 times greater for the Mental Development Index, increasing the number of children possibly needing early intervention services. C1 Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rauh, VA (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, 60 Haven Ave,B-109, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM var1@columbia.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Hoepner, Lori/0000-0002-4404-8140 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000645, RR00645]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES011158, 5 P01 ES009600, 5 R01 ES008977, 5 R01 ES012468, 5 R01 ES10165, 5 R01ES11158, P01 ES009600, R01 ES008977, R01 ES010165, R01 ES012468] NR 89 TC 204 Z9 206 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2006 VL 118 IS 6 BP E1845 EP E1859 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0338 PG 15 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 111TX UT WOS:000242478900082 PM 17116700 ER PT J AU Fowler, GL Baggs, JM Weintraub, ES Martin, SW McNeil, MM Gust, DA AF Fowler, Gabrielle L. Baggs, James M. Weintraub, Eric S. Martin, Stacey W. McNeil, Michael M. Gust, Deborah A. TI Factors influencing laboratory workers' decisions to accept or decline anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA): results of a decision-making study in CDC's Anthrax Vaccination Program SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE anthrax vaccine adsorbed; AVA; vaccine safety; adverse events; risk; benefit; acceptability ID HEALTH-CARE PROVIDERS; SMALLPOX VACCINATION; ATTITUDES AB Background Laboratory technicians, laboratory supervisors, decontamination/remediation workers, and environmental investigators are at increased risk for repeated occupational exposure to Bacillus anthracis. In 2002, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended pre-exposure vaccination for these occupational groups. Objectives To determine (1) the factors that influenced an individual's decision to either acceptor decline Anthrax Vaccine Adsorbed (AVA), and (2) if laboratory workers' concern about AVA safety was related to their information needs and trust in the information provided. Methods We conducted a decision-making survey of 404 participants at 44 Laboratory Response Network laboratories located throughout the United States. All participants were enrolled between October 2002 and December 2004, and all were eligible to receive AVA according to the 2002 ACIP recommendations. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used in the analyses. Results The response rate of eligible individuals at participating laboratories was 94% (404/430). Sixty-six percent of respondents accepted and 34% declined AVA. Laboratory workers who declined AVA were more likely to rate their risk of exposure to inhalation anthrax as low (OR = 6.9; 95%CI 1.7, 28.3), report being very concerned (OR = 4.1; 95%CI 1.8, 9.3) or concerned (OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.3, 3.1) about the safety of the vaccine, report that they did not trust the information provided in the Vaccine Information Statement (VIS) (OR = 2.3; 95%CI 1.1, 4.5), and to be enrolled in the study during 2002 (OR = 24.7; 95%CI 6.4, 95.3) or 2003 (OR = 5.0; 95 %CI 2.5, 9.8), the first 2 years of the study. Furthermore, we found a significant association between a participant's level of concern about the safety of AVA and their perception that they received enough information and/or trusted the information in the VIS. Conclusions Low perceived necessity, concern about the safety of the vaccine, and a lack of trust in the VIS were associated with the decision of laboratory workers to decline AVA. Results of this decision-making study may be used to try to improve acceptance rates of AVA among persons considered at high risk, and may inform educational efforts for other adult vaccines. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Directors, Off Chief Sci Officer, Immunizat Safety Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Martin, SW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SMartin4@cdc.gov OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 12 BP 880 EP 888 DI 10.1002/pds.1302 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 120MJ UT WOS:000243088700006 PM 16924600 ER PT J AU Barrientos, LG Matei, E Lasala, F Delgado, R Gronenborn, AM AF Barrientos, Laura G. Matei, Elena Lasala, Fatima Delgado, Rafael Gronenborn, Angela M. TI Dissecting carbohydrate-Cyanovirin-N binding by structure-guided mutagenesis: functional implications for viral entry inhibition SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING DESIGN & SELECTION LA English DT Article DE Cyanovirin-N; high-mannose oligosaccharides; mutant design; viral env glycoprotein; virucidal agent ID HIV-INACTIVATING PROTEIN; DOMAIN-SWAPPED DIMER; CIRCULAR-PERMUTED VARIANT; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; CONTAINS 2; VIRUS; AFFINITY; GP120; SITES; NMR AB The HIV-inactivating protein Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) is a cyanobacterial lectin that exhibits potent antiviral activity at nanomolar concentrations by interacting with high-mannose carbohydrates on viral glycoproteins. To date there is no molecular explanation for this potent virucidal activity, given the experimentally measured micromolar affinities for small sugars and the problems encountered with aggregation and precipitation of high-mannose/CV-N complexes. Here, we present results for two CV-N variants, CV-N-mutDA and CV-N-mutDB, compare their binding properties with monomeric [P51G]CV-N (a stabilized version of wtCV-N) and test their in vitro activities. The mutations in CV-N-mutDA and CV-N-mutDB comprise changes in amino acids that alter the trimannose specificity of domain A(M) and abolish the sugar binding site on domain B-M, respectively. We demonstrate that carbohydrate binding via domain B-M is essential for antiviral activity, whereas alterations in sugar binding specificity on domain A(M) have little effect on envelope glycoprotein recognition and antiviral activity. Changes in A(M), however, affect the cross-linking activity of CV-N. Our findings augment and clarify the existing models of CV-N binding to N-linked glycans on viral glycoproteins, and demonstrate that the nanomolar antiviral potency of CV-N is related to the constricted and spatially crowded arrangement of the mannoses in the glycan clusters on viral glycoproteins and not due to CV-N induced virus particle agglutination, making CV-N a true viral entry inhibitor. C1 NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hosp Univ 12 Octubre, Mol Microbiol Lab, Madrid, Spain. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Biol Struct, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Barrientos, LG (reprint author), NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM lbarrientos1@cdc.gov; amg100@pitt.edu RI Delgado, Rafael/C-4910-2016; OI Delgado, Rafael/0000-0002-6912-4736; Gronenborn, Angela M/0000-0001-9072-3525 NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1741-0126 J9 PROTEIN ENG DES SEL JI Protein Eng. Des. Sel. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 19 IS 12 BP 525 EP 535 DI 10.1093/protein/gzl040 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 115EK UT WOS:000242717400001 PM 17012344 ER PT J AU Hettick, JM Kashon, ML Slaven, JE Ma, Y Simpson, JP Siegel, PD Mazurek, GN Weissman, DN AF Hettick, Justin M. Kashon, Michael L. Slaven, James E. Ma, Yan Simpson, Janet P. Siegel, Paul D. Mazurek, Gerald N. Weissman, David N. TI Discrimination of intact mycobacteria at the strain level: A combined MALDI-TOF MS and biostatistical analysis SO PROTEOMICS LA English DT Article DE linear discriminant analysis; MALDI; MS; mycobacteria; random forests ID TIME-OF-FLIGHT; LASER-DESORPTION/IONIZATION-TIME; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; TRANSFORM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DESORPTION IONIZATION; SAMPLE PREPARATION; MYCOLIC ACIDS; BACTERIA; REPRODUCIBILITY; TUBERCULOSIS AB New methodologies for surveillance and identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are required to stem the spread of disease worldwide. In addition, the ability to discriminate mycobacteria at the strain level may be important to contact or source case investigations. To this end, we are developing MALDI-TOF MS methods for the identification of M. tuberculosis in culture. In this report, we describe the application of MALDI-TOF MS, as well as statistical analysis including linear discriminant and random forest analysis, to 16 medically relevant strains from four species of mycobacteria, M. tuberculosis, M. avium, M. intracellulare, and M. kansasii. Although species discrimination can be accomplished on the basis of unique m/z values observed in the MS fingerprint spectrum, discrimination at the strain level is predicted on the relative abundance of shared m/z values among strains within a species. For the 16 mycobacterial strains investigated in the present study, it is possible to unambiguously identify strains within a species on the basis of MALDI-TOF MS data. The error rate for classification of individual strains using linear discriminant analysis was 0.053 using 37 m/z variables, whereas the error rate for classification of individual strains using random forest analysis was 0.023 using only 18 m/z variables. In addition, using random forest analysis of MALDI-TOF MS data, it was possible to correctly classify bacterial strains as either M. tuberculosis or non-tuberculous with 100% accuracy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HELD, ACIB, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Stat, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hettick, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HELD, ACIB, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jhettick@cdc.gov RI Hettick, Justin/E-9955-2010 NR 35 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1615-9853 J9 PROTEOMICS JI Proteomics PD DEC PY 2006 VL 6 IS 24 BP 6416 EP 6425 DI 10.1002/pmic.200600335 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 123DW UT WOS:000243277500005 PM 17109381 ER PT J AU Daniels, RD Yiin, JH AF Daniels, Robert D. Yiin, James H. TI A comparison of statistical methods for estimation of less than detectable ionising radiation exposures SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTIONS; LIMITS AB Methods were developed to estimate the ionising radiation dose below the detection level (DL) of personal monitoring devices for a case-control study of protracted radiation exposure and lung cancer. Exposure data were grouped by dosemeter type and monitoring period. Each group contained dosimetry data that were interval-censored from limitations in measurement precision and included left-censoring of observations below detection. The grouped data were fit to a three parameter hybrid-lognormal distribution by maximum likelihood estimation. Using the fitted distribution, bootstrap samples were either simulated by Monte Carlo or constructed by sampling with replacement. The resulting bootstrap sample distributions were then used to predict the missing dose values and the associated uncertainty in the estimate. Among study subjects, 1357 workers were monitored with film dosimetry. Among the 39,263 dose observations 20,416 were recorded as zero dose, indicating 52% left-censoring. The statistical methods estimated 0.31 person-Sv below the DL or similar to 1% of the total collective dose for this study population. C1 NIOSH, DSHEFS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Daniels, RD (reprint author), NIOSH, DSHEFS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rtd2@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 121 IS 3 BP 240 EP 251 DI 10.1093/rpd.ncl024 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 123VB UT WOS:000243323100005 PM 16517566 ER PT J AU Giron, JOS Molina, IB Turcios-Ruiz, RM Mejia, CEQ Amendola, LM de Oliveira, LH Andrus, JK Stupp, PW Bresee, JS Glass, RI AF Solorzano Giron, Jose Orlando Berenice Molina, Ida Turcios-Ruiz, Reina M. Quiroz Mejia, Claudia E. Miguel Amendola, Luis Helena de Oliveira, Lucia Andrus, Jon K. Stupp, Paul W. Bresee, Joseph S. Glass, Roger I. TI Burden of diarrhea among children in Honduras, 2000-2004: estimates of the role of rotavirus SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE diarrhea; rotavirus infections; health care costs; child; preschool; infant; infant; newborn; Honduras ID VACCINE; EFFICACY; SAFETY AB Objectives. To estimate the annual burden of diarrhea and of diarrhea that is associated with rotavirus (RV) in children who are treated at public clinics and hospitals in Honduras. Methods. Data were collected from computerized records of all children < 5 years old treated for diarrhea at clinics and hospitals operated by the Secretary of Health for the period of 2000 through 2004. A review of studies of RV in Honduras and neighboring countries provided estimates of detection rates of RV among children treated for acute diarrhea as outpatients or as inpatients. From these data, we estimated the annual number of cases of diarrhea and of rotavirus-related diarrhea in Honduras, the cumulative incidence of diarrhea and Of rotavirus-related diarrhea for a child from birth to age 5 years, and the number of fatalities due to RV among children hospitalized for diarrhea. Results. From 2000 through 2004, a mean of 222 000 clinic visits, 4 390 hospitalizations, and 162 in-hospital deaths due to diarrhea were recorded annually among children < 5 years of age in the public health facilities in Honduras. From our review of scientific literature on Honduras and neighboring countries, an estimated 30% of outpatients and 43% of inpatients who were treated for diarrhea would be expected to have RV. Consequently, we estimated that 66 600 outpatient visits, 1888 hospitalizations, and 70 in-hospital deaths among children < 5 years in Honduras could be attributed to RV each year. Therefore, a child in the first five years of life has a respective risk for consultation, hospitalization, and in-hospital death of 1:1, 1:46, and 1:1 235 for diarrhea. For an episode associated with RV, the respective risks are 1:3, 1:106, and 1:2 857. These values likely underestimate the true burden of diarrhea in Honduras, since some 51% of children with acute diarrhea do not receive formal care for the illness, 70% do not receive oral rehydration solution, and 80% of diarrheal deaths occur outside of hospitals. Conclusions. Diarrhea is a major cause of illness among children < 5 years old in Honduras, and RV is likely the most common cause. Our preliminary estimates need to be refined so that health planners in Honduras can make decisions on the future use of rotavirus vaccines. A program of hospital-based surveillance for rotavirus in Honduras has been established to address this need. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Secretaria Salud, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. RP Turcios-Ruiz, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RTurcios@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD DEC PY 2006 VL 20 IS 6 BP 377 EP 384 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 185QE UT WOS:000247724700003 PM 17341328 ER PT J AU Aylward, RB Sutter, RW Cochi, SL Thompson, KM Jafari, H Heymann, D AF Aylward, R. Bruce Sutter, Roland W. Cochi, Steve L. Thompson, Kimberly M. Jafari, Hamid Heymann, David TI Risk management in a polio-free world SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID COST-ANALYSIS; ERADICATION; POLIOMYELITIS; VACCINE; DISEASE AB Inherent in the decision to launch the Global Polio Eradication Initiative in 1988 was the expectation for many people that immunization against poliomyelitis would eventually simply stop, as had been the case with smallpox following its eradication in 1977. However, the strategies for managing the risks associated with a "polio-free" world must be continuously refined to reflect new developments, particularly in our understanding of the live polioviruses in the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and in the international approach to managing potential biohazards. The most important of these developments has been the confirmation in 2000 that vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) can circulate and cause polio outbreaks, making the use of OPV after interruption of wild poliovirus transmission incompatible with a polio-free world. A comprehensive strategy has been developed to minimize the risks associated with eventual OPV cessation, centered on appropriate long-term biocontainment of poliovirus stocks (whether for vaccine production, diagnosis, or research), the controlled reintroduction of any live poliovirus vaccine (i.e., from an OPV stockpile), and appropriate use of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV). Although some aspects of this risk management strategy are still debated, there is wide agreement that no strategy would entirely eliminate the potential risks to a polio-free world. The current strategy for risk management in a polio-free world will continue to evolve with better characterization of these risks and the development of more effective approaches both to reduce those risks and to limit their consequences should they occur. C1 WHO, Global Polio Eradicat Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, KidsRisk Project, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Aylward, RB (reprint author), WHO, Global Polio Eradicat Initiat, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM aylwardb@who.int NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1441 EP 1448 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00840.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 117IS UT WOS:000242867200008 ER PT J AU Dowdle, W Van der Avoort, H de Gourville, E Delpeyroux, F Desphande, J Hovi, T Martin, J Pallansch, M Kew, O Wolff, C AF Dowdle, Walter van der Avoort, Harrie de Gourville, Esther Delpeyroux, Francis Desphande, Jagadish Hovi, Tapani Martin, Javier Pallansch, Mark Kew, Olen Wolff, Chris TI Containment of polioviruses after eradication and OPV cessation: Characterizing risks to improve management SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE containment; environmental release; manufacturing; poliovirus; vaccine ID VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUS; PREEXISTING HOMOTYPIC ANTIBODIES; LABORATORY-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS; WASTE-WATER RECLAMATION; VIRUS MONITORING DATA; MOUTH DISEASE VIRUS; POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS; INACTIVATED POLIOVIRUS; ENTERIC VIRUSES; TRANSGENIC MICE AB The goal of the World Health Organization is to stop routine use of oral poliovirus vaccine shortly after interruption of wild poliovirus transmission. A key component of this goal is to minimize the risk of reintroduction by destruction of polioviruses except in an absolute minimum number of facilities that serve essential functions and implement effective containment. Effective containment begins with a complete facility risk assessment. This article focuses on characterizing the risks of exposure to polioviruses from the essential vaccine production, quality control, and international reference and research facilities that remain. We consider the potential exposure pathways that might lead to a poliovirus reintroduction, including para-occupational exposures and releases to the environment, and review the literature to provide available estimates and a qualitative assessment of containment risks. Minimizing the risk of poliovirus transmission from a poliovirus facility to increasingly susceptible communities is a crucial and ongoing effort requiring understanding and actively managing the potential exposure pathways. C1 Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Polio Eradicat Program, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Polio Lab, Diagnost Lab Infect Dis, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. WHO, Global Polio Eradicat Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Inst Pasteur, CNRS FRE 2849, Unite Prevent & Therapie Mol Malad Humaines, F-75724 Paris, France. Indian Council Med Res, Enterovirus Res Ctr, Bombay 400012, Maharashtra, India. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Dept Viral Dis & Immunol, SF-00140 Helsinki, Finland. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Div Virol, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dowdle, W (reprint author), Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Polio Eradicat Program, 750 Commerce Dr,Suite 400, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. EM wdowdle@taskforce.org RI Delpeyroux, Francis/H-8838-2016; OI Deshpande, Jagadish/0000-0001-5194-0375 NR 233 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1449 EP 1469 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00844.x PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 117IS UT WOS:000242867200009 PM 17184392 ER PT J AU Tebbens, RJD Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Caceres, VM Jafari, H Cochi, SL Sutter, RW Aylward, RB Thompson, KM AF Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer Pallansch, Mark A. Kew, Olen M. Caceres, Victor M. Jafari, Hamid Cochi, Stephen L. Sutter, Roland W. Aylward, R. Bruce Thompson, Kimberly M. TI Risks of paralytic disease due to wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus after eradication SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Review DE bioterrorism; decision analysis; disease outbreak; laboratory containment; polio eradication; risk analysis; vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis; vaccine-derived poliovirus ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNODEFICIENT PATIENT; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MUCOSAL IMMUNITY; COST-ANALYSIS; SOUTH-AFRICA; POLIOMYELITIS; VIRUS; IMMUNIZATION; CUBA AB After the global eradication of wild polioviruses, the risk of paralytic poliomyelitis from polioviruses will still exist and require active management. Possible reintroductions of poliovirus that can spread rapidly in unprotected populations present challenges to policymakers. For example, at least one outbreak will likely occur due to circulation of a neurovirulent vaccine-derived poliovirus after discontinuation of oral poliovirus vaccine and also could possibly result from the escape of poliovirus from a laboratory or vaccine production facility or from an intentional act. In addition, continued vaccination with oral poliovirus vaccines would result in the continued occurrence of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis. The likelihood and impacts of reintroductions in the form of poliomyelitis outbreaks depend on the policy decisions and on the size and characteristics of the vulnerable population, which change over time. A plan for managing these risks must begin with an attempt to characterize and quantify them as a function of time. This article attempts to comprehensively characterize the risks, synthesize the existing data available for modeling them, and present quantitative risk estimates that can provide a starting point for informing policy decisions. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kids Risk Project, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Math, NL-2628 CD Delft, Netherlands. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & RickettsialDis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, Polio Eradicat Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Polio Eradicat Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. MIT, Sloan Sch Management, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Thompson, KM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kids Risk Project, 677 Huntington Ave,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kimt@hsph.harvard.edu NR 126 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1471 EP 1505 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00827.x PG 35 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 117IS UT WOS:000242867200010 PM 17184393 ER PT J AU Thompson, KM Tebbens, RJD Pallansch, MA AF Thompson, Kimberly M. Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer Pallansch, Mark A. TI Evaluation of response scenarios to potential polio outbreaks using mathematical models SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE epidemic modeling; optimization; outbreak response; polio ID IMMUNITY; VACCINES; STRAINS AB Appropriate response to polio outbreaks represents an important prerequisite for achieving and maintaining global polio eradication. We use an existing dynamic disease transmission model to evaluate the impact of different aspects of immunization campaigns in response to polio outbreaks occurring in previously polio-free areas. This analysis yields several important insights about response strategies. We find that delay in response represents a crucial risk factor for occurrence of large outbreaks and we characterize the tradeoffs associated with delaying the initial response to achieve better population coverage. We also demonstrate that controlling most potential outbreaks will likely require at least three immunization rounds, although the impact of the optimal interval between rounds varies. Finally, long after oral poliovirus vaccine cessation the choice of target age groups during a response represents an important consideration. C1 MIT, Sloan Sch Management, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kids Risk Project, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thompson, KM (reprint author), MIT, Sloan Sch Management, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. EM kimt@hsph.harvard.edu FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-0675]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 18 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1541 EP 1556 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00843.x PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 117IS UT WOS:000242867200013 PM 17184396 ER PT J AU de Gourville, E Tebbens, RJD Sangrujee, N Pallansch, MA Thompson, KM AF de Gourville, Esther Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer Sangrujee, Nalinee Pallansch, Mark A. Thompson, Kimberly M. TI Global surveillance and the value of information: The case of the global polio laboratory network SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE laboratory network; polio eradication; survellance; value of information ID HEALTH-RISK-MANAGEMENT; FUTURE AB Effective control and eradication of diseases requires reliable information from surveillance activities, including laboratories, which typically incur real financial costs. This article presents data from a survey we conducted to estimate the costs of the Global Polio Laboratory Network (GPLN), which currently supports aggressive global surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) to detect circulating polioviruses. The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) of the World Health Organization (WHO) provides resources for some of the laboratory network costs, but the total cost of the network remains relatively poorly characterized given the limited documentation of national contributions. We surveyed network laboratories to quantify AFP surveillance support costs and provide data for cost estimates of potential posteradication surveillance policies related to the laboratories. We estimate that the GPLN currently requires millions (US$ 2002) in total support annually, and that half of the support for national and regional reference laboratories comes from external donors through the WHO or bilateral agreements and half from within nations that host those laboratories. The article also presents the framework for considering the value of information from this global surveillance network and suggests that the expected value of surveillance information from the GPLN currently exceeds its costs. We also provided important insights about how the value of information may change after successful eradication of wild polioviruses. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kids Risk Project, Boston, MA 02115 USA. WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Futures Grp Inc, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. MIT, Sloan Sch Management, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Thompson, KM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kids Risk Project, 677 Huntington Ave,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kimt@hsph.harvard.edu FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-0675]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1557 EP 1569 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00845.x PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 117IS UT WOS:000242867200014 PM 17184397 ER PT J AU Thompson, KM Tebbens, RJD Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Sutter, RW Aylward, RB Watkins, M Gary, H Alexander, JP Venczel, L Johnson, D Caceres, VM Sangrujee, N Jafari, H Cochi, SL AF Thompson, Kimberly M. Tebbens, Radboud J. Duintjer Pallansch, Mark A. Kew, Olen M. Sutter, Roland W. Aylward, R. Bruce Watkins, Margaret Gary, Howard Alexander, James P. Venczel, Linda Johnson, Denise Caceres, Victor M. Sangrujee, Nalinee Jafari, Hamid Cochi, Stephen L. TI Development and consideration of global policies for managing the future risks of poliovirus outbreaks: Insights and lessons learned through modeling SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; dynamic disease model; outbreak; polio eradication; process; risk analysis; uncertainty; variability ID POLIOMYELITIS; VACCINE; ERADICATION AB The success of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative promises to bring large benefits, including sustained improvements in quality of life (i.e., cases of paralytic disease and deaths avoided) and costs saved from cessation of vaccination. Obtaining and maintaining these benefits requires that policymakers manage the transition from the current massive use of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) to a world without OPV and free of the risks of potential future reintroductions of live polioviruses. This article describes the analytical journey that began in 2001 with a retrospective case study on polio risk management and led to development of dynamic integrated risk, economic, and decision analysis tools to inform global policies for managing the risks of polio. This analytical journey has provided several key insights and lessons learned that will be useful to future analysts involved in similar complex decision-making processes. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kids Risk Project, Boston, MA 02115 USA. MIT, Sloan Sch Management, Cambridge, MA 02142 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Polio Eradicat Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Off Global Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance Capac Dev, Program Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Futures Grp Inc, Washington, DC 20005 USA. RP Thompson, KM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Kids Risk Project, 677 Huntington Ave,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM kimt@hsph.harvard.edu FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-0675]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1571 EP 1580 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00841.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 117IS UT WOS:000242867200015 PM 17184398 ER PT J AU Stork, LG Gennings, C Carchman, RA Carter, WH Pounds, J Mumtaz, M AF Stork, LeAnna G. Gennings, Chris Carchman, Richard A. Carter, Walter H., Jr. Pounds, Joel Mumtaz, Moiz TI Testing for additivity at select mixture groups of interest based on statistical equivalence testing methods SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE antagonism; low dose; risk assessment; synergy ID QUASI-LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; RISK-ASSESSMENT; TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION; THRESHOLD; MODELS; TRIALS AB Several assumptions, defined and undefined, are used in the toxicity assessment of chemical mixtures. In scientific practice mixture components in the low-dose region, particularly subthreshold doses, are often assumed to behave additively (i.e., zero interaction) based on heuristic arguments. This assumption has important implications in the practice of risk assessment, but has not been experimentally tested. We have developed methodology to test for additivity in the sense of Berenbaum (Advances in Cancer Research, 1981), based on the statistical equivalence testing literature where the null hypothesis of interaction is rejected for the alternative hypothesis of additivity when data support the claim. The implication of this approach is that conclusions of additivity are made with a false positive rate controlled by the experimenter. The claim of additivity is based on prespecified additivity margins, which are chosen using expert biological judgment such that small deviations from additivity, which are not considered to be biologically important, are not statistically significant. This approach is in contrast to the usual hypothesis-testing framework that assumes additivity in the null hypothesis and rejects when there is significant evidence of interaction. In this scenario, failure to reject may be due to lack of statistical power making the claim of additivity problematic. The proposed method is illustrated in a mixture of five organophosphorus pesticides that were experimentally evaluated alone and at relevant mixing ratios. Motor activity was assessed in adult male rats following acute exposure. Four low-dose mixture groups were evaluated. Evidence of additivity is found in three of the four low-dose mixture groups. The proposed method tests for additivity of the whole mixture and does not take into account subset interactions (e.g., synergistic, antagonistic) that may have occurred and cancelled each other out. C1 Monsanto Co, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Solveritas LLC, Richmond, VA 23291 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. ATSDR, Div Toxicol & Environm Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stork, LG (reprint author), Monsanto Co, 800 N Lindbergh Blvd,Mail Zone O3A, St Louis, MO 63167 USA. EM leanna.g.stork@monsanto.com OI Pounds, Joel/0000-0002-6616-1566 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES007334-04, T32 ES007334] NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1601 EP 1612 DI 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2006.00846.x PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 117IS UT WOS:000242867200017 PM 17184400 ER PT J AU Aral, SO AF Aral, Sevgi O. TI Social and behavioral determinants of sexually transmitted disease: Scientific and technologic advances, demography, and the global political economy SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEUROBIOLOGY; SEX C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Sci, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SAral@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 12 BP 698 EP 702 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000250476.76031.e8 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 109CM UT WOS:000242285500001 PM 17130805 ER PT J AU Klinger, EV Kapiga, SH Sam, NE Aboud, S Chen, CY Ballard, RC Larsen, U AF Klinger, Elissa V. Kapiga, Saidi H. Sam, Noel E. Aboud, Said Chen, Cheng-Yen Ballard, Ronald C. Larsen, Ulla TI A community-based study of risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women and their male partners in Moshi urban district, Northern Tanzania SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; TUBAL INFERTILITY; PRETERM DELIVERY; AMPLIFICATION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; DISEASES AB Objective: The objective of this study was to determine predictors of Trichomonas vaginalis among women and their partners in Moshi, Tanzania. Study Design: Women (N = 1440) and their partners (N = 588) were interviewed and specimens for detection of T. vaginalis and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were collected. Results: Prevalence of T. vaginalis was 10.7% in women and 6.3% in men. Having a partner with T. vaginalis was the strongest risk factor in women (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 19.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 7.84-48.25) and men (adjusted OR, 19.01; 95% CI, 6.8-52.40). Risk of T. vaginalis infection was increased in subjects with less education. Other risk factors in women were daily alcohol consumption, being separated, reporting infertility problems, having a partner who had children with other women, and other STIs; and in men, the risk factor was having no income. T. vaginalis was not associated with HIV-1 in women and men. Conclusions: Prevention of T. vaginalis and other STIs among couples is a major priority. Reduction of alcohol consumption in women is an important intervention. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Populat & Int Hlth, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. Kilimanjaro Christian Med Ctr, Dept Clin Labs, Moshi, Tanzania. Natl Bur Stat, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Sociol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Kapiga, SH (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Populat & Int Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave,Bldg 1,Room 1108, Waltham, MA 02154 USA. EM skapiga@hsph.harvard.edu FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD41202] NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 12 BP 712 EP 718 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000222667.42207.08 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 109CM UT WOS:000242285500004 PM 16755271 ER PT J AU Newman, LM Warner, L Weinstock, HS AF Newman, Lori M. Warner, Lee Weinstock, Hillard S. TI Predicting subsequent infection in patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; GONORRHEA; REINFECTION; ADOLESCENTS; RECURRENT; FEMALES; WOMEN AB Objective/Goal. The objective of this study was to identify characteristics associated with subsequent infection in patients attending a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. Study Design: Records were retrospectively reviewed for patients from public STD clinics in 4 cities for 12 months after their initial visit to assess subsequent infection with gonorrhea, chlamydia, mucopurulent cervicitis, nongonococcal urethritis, pelvic inflammatory disease, primary or secondary syphilis, or trichomoniasis. Results: Among 64,463 patients, 33.9% had an initial STD and 7.0% had a subsequent STD. Patients with an initial STD had significantly higher probability of a subsequent STD than patients without (12.0% vs. 4.4%). A subsequent STD was significantly more likely for both sexes for those with an initial STD, who were symptomatic at initial visit, reporting exchange of sex, or under age 20 as well as for men reporting sex with men. Conclusions: Patients with an initial STD were more likely to return with a subsequent STD. Routinely collected information such as initial diagnosis or age can help identify patients at increased risk of a subsequent STD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Newman, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM len4@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 33 IS 12 BP 737 EP 742 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000218865.37084.f6 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 109CM UT WOS:000242285500008 PM 16708054 ER PT J AU Aynalem, G Smith, L Bemis, C Taylor, M Hawkins, K Kerndt, P AF Aynalem, G. Smith, L. Bemis, C. Taylor, M. Hawkins, K. Kerndt, P. TI Commercial sex venues: a closer look at their impact on the syphilis and HIV epidemics among men who have sex with men SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SAN-FRANCISCO; GAY MEN; RISK; BATHHOUSES; BEHAVIOR; AIDS AB Objective: To provide insight into the role of commercial sex venues in the spread of syphilis and HIV among men who have sex with men (MSM). Study: A cross sectional study of 1351 MSM who were diagnosed with early syphilis who did and did not encounter sexual partners at commercial sex venues. Results: Overall, 26% MSM diagnosed with syphilis had sexual encounters at commercial sex venues. Of these, 74% were HIV positive, 94% reported anonymous sex, and 66% did not use a condom. Compared to those who did not have a sexual encounter at these venues, they were twice as likely to be HIV positive (OR= 1.91, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.68), six times more likely to have anonymous sex (OR= 6.18, 95% CI 3.37 to 11.32), twice as likely not to use condom (OR= 2.02, 95% CI 1.71 to 2.38), and twice as likely to use non-injecting drugs (OR= 1.65, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.37). Conclusions: MSM diagnosed with syphilis who frequent commercial sex venues are engaging in high risk behaviours for syphilis and HIV transmission and acquisition. Thus commercial sex venues are one of the focal points of syphilis and HIV transmission and acquisition. C1 Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles Cty STD Program, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aynalem, G (reprint author), Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles Cty STD Program, 2615 S Grand Ave,Room 500, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM gaynalem@dhs.co.la.ca.us NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 82 IS 6 BP 439 EP 443 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.020412 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 118KM UT WOS:000242941200006 PM 16885184 ER PT J AU Herring, AJ Ballard, RC Pope, V Adegbola, RA Changalucha, J Fitzgerald, DW Hook, EW Kubanova, A Mananwatte, S Pape, JW Sturm, AW West, B Yin, YP Peeling, RW AF Herring, A. J. Ballard, R. C. Pope, V. Adegbola, R. A. Changalucha, J. Fitzgerald, D. W. Hook, E. W., III Kubanova, A. Mananwatte, S. Pape, J. W. Sturm, A. W. West, B. Yin, Y. P. Peeling, R. W. TI A multi-centre evaluation of nine rapid, point-of-care syphilis tests using archived sera SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; PLASMA REAGIN; PERFORMANCE; DIAGNOSIS AB Objectives: To evaluate nine rapid syphilis tests at eight geographically diverse laboratory sites for their performance and operational characteristics. Methods: Tests were compared "head to head'' using locally assembled panels of 100 archived ( 50 positive and 50 negative) sera at each site using as reference standards the Treponema pallidum haemagglutination or the T pallidum particle agglutination test. In addition inter-site variation, result stability, test reproducibility and test operational characteristics were assessed. Results: All nine tests gave good performance relative to the reference standard with sensitivities ranging from 84.5-97.7% and specificities from 84.5-98%. Result stability was variable if result reading was delayed past the recommended period. All the tests were found to be easy to use, especially the lateral flow tests. Conclusions: All the tests evaluated have acceptable performance characteristics and could make an impact on the control of syphilis. Tests that can use whole blood and do not require refrigeration were selected for further evaluation in field settings. C1 WHO, Sexually Transmitted Dis Diagnost Initiat, TDR, PRD, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Hlth Protect Agcy Lab, Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Lab, Bristol, Avon, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. MRC Labs, Fajara, Gambia. Natl Inst Med Res, Mwanza, Tanzania. Les Ctr GHESKIO, Grp Haitien Etud Sarcome Kaposi & Infect Opportun, Port Au Prince, Haiti. Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. Cent Inst Skin & Venereal Dis, Moscow, Russia. Natl STD AIDS Control Programme, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Univ KwaZulu Natal, ZA-4001 Durban, South Africa. Natl Ctr STD, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Peeling, RW (reprint author), WHO, Sexually Transmitted Dis Diagnost Initiat, TDR, PRD, 20,Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM peelingr@who.int NR 18 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 82 SU 5 BP V7 EP V12 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.022707 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 140EK UT WOS:000244486800002 ER PT J AU Mabey, D Peeling, RW Ballard, R Benzaken, AS Galban, E Changalucha, J Everett, D Balira, R Fitzgerald, D Joseph, P Nerette, S Li, J Zheng, H AF Mabey, D. Peeling, R. W. Ballard, R. Benzaken, A. S. Galban, E. Changalucha, J. Everett, D. Balira, R. Fitzgerald, D. Joseph, P. Nerette, S. Li, J. Zheng, H. TI Prospective, multi-centre clinic-based evaluation of four rapid diagnostic tests for syphilis SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; CONGENITAL-SYPHILIS; DEMONSTRATION PROJECT; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; ANTENATAL SYPHILIS; MATERNAL SYPHILIS; PREGNANCY; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY AB Objectives: To evaluate prospectively four rapid, point-of-care serological tests for syphilis in prenatal or high risk populations in four countries. Methods: Tests were performed on consecutive clinic attenders, using whole blood in the clinic, and whole blood and serum in the laboratory. The sensitivity and specificity of each test was evaluated, using a standard treponemal test ( Treponema pallidum haemagglutination assay (TPHA) or fluorescent treponemal antibody, absorbed (FTA-ABS) as gold standard. Non-treponemal tests ( rapid plasma reagin (RPR) or venereal diseases research laboratory ( VDRL) tests) were also performed on all subjects at three sites. Results: The specificity of each rapid test was .95% at each site. Sensitivities varied from 64-100% and, in most cases, were lower when whole blood was used rather than serum. Conclusions: Rapid serological tests for syphilis are an acceptable alternative to conventional laboratory tests. Since they do not require equipment or electricity, they could increase coverage of syphilis screening, and enable treatment to be given at the first clinic visit. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fdn Alfredo Matta, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Natl Inst Med Res, Mwanza, Tanzania. GHESKIO Ctr, Port Au Prince, Haiti. Peking Union Med Coll, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Mabey, D (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. EM david.mabey@lshtm.ac.uk OI Mabey, David/0000-0002-0031-8276 FU Medical Research Council [G0501954] NR 25 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 82 SU 5 BP V13 EP V16 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.022467 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 140EK UT WOS:000244486800003 PM 17215274 ER PT J AU Ronald, A Kuypers, J Lukehart, SA Peeling, RW Pope, V AF Ronald, A. Kuypers, J. Lukehart, S. A. Peeling, R. W. Pope, V. TI Excellence in sexually transmitted infection (STI) diagnostics: recognition of past successes and strategies for the future SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; GRAM STAIN AB Diagnostic advances do not generally receive the recognition given to prevention and treatment contributions, for the control and management of infectious diseases including sexually transmitted infections (STIs). In order to identify seminal diagnostic contributions over a half century (1950-2000), the Editorial Board of the WHO Sexually Transmitted Diseases Diagnostics Initiative ( SDI) Publication Review or "electronic journal club'' were asked to nominate their choices of peer-reviewed publications for special recognition. From 43 nominations, 13 were voted by a panel of 25 "experts'' as having made the most significant contributions. The 1964 article by Thayer and Martin, which identified a selective media for gonococcal culture, was chosen unanimously by all panel members and is identified as the classic STI diagnostic article for this era. C1 WHO, TDR, PDE, Sexually Transmitted Dis Diagnost Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Natl Collaborating Ctr Infect Dis, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Seattle Childrens Hosp, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peeling, RW (reprint author), WHO, TDR, PDE, Sexually Transmitted Dis Diagnost Initiat, 20,Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM peelingr@who.int OI Ronald, Allan/0000-0002-5746-3490 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 82 SU 5 BP V47 EP V52 DI 10.1136/sti.2006.023911 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 140EK UT WOS:000244486800011 PM 17135329 ER PT J AU Gould, AS Greenberg, T Munfakh, JLH Kleinman, M Lubell, K AF Gould, Audelyn S. Greenberg, Ted Munfakh, Jimmie Lou Harris Kleinman, Marjorie Lubell, Keri TI Teenagers' attitudes about seeking help from telephone crisis services (hotlines) SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID SUICIDE-PREVENTION PROGRAMS; ADOLESCENT SUICIDE; HOPELESSNESS SCALE; COPING STRATEGIES; CHILDREN; HEALTH; DISORDERS; CENTERS; IMPAIRMENT; COMMUNITY AB The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes toward the use of telephone crisis services (hotlines) among 519 adolescents in 9th through 12th grade mandatory health courses in six high schools in New York State. Few adolescents (2.1%) used hotlines and negative attitudes were stronger toward hotlines than they were toward other formal sources of help. The most common reasons for hotline nonuse related to feelings of self-reliance and shame. Objections to hotlines were strongest among students most in need of help by virtue of impaired functioning or feelings of hopelessness. The results underscore needed outreach efforts to youth. C1 NYSPI, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10027 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gould, AS (reprint author), NYSPI, Div Child & Adolescent Psychiat, 1051 Riverside Dr,Unit 72, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM gouldm@childpsych.columbia.edu NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 7 U2 9 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 36 IS 6 BP 601 EP 613 PG 13 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 125QS UT WOS:000243457800002 ER PT J AU Dreyer, G Addiss, D Williamson, J Noroes, J AF Dreyer, Gerusa Addiss, David Williamson, John Noroes, Joaquim TI Efficacy of co-administered diethylcarbamazine and albendazole against adult Wuchereria bancrofti SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE lymphatic filariasis; Wuchereria bancrofti; albendazole; diethylcarbamazine; macrofilaricidal effect; microfilaria ID ELIMINATE LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; SINGLE-DOSE COMBINATIONS; ADULTICIDAL EFFICACY; GLOBAL PROGRAM; IN-VIVO; IVERMECTIN; AREA; INFECTION; ULTRASOUND; INTENSITY AB Although diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole are recommended to interrupt transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti, Little is known about the macrofilaricidal effect of this drug combination. Forty-seven men with W bancrofti infection were randomly assigned to receive a single dose of either DEC alone (6 mg/kg) (n = 25) or a combination of DEC (6 mg/kg) and albendazote (400 mg) (n=22). Physical examinations for scrotal nodules (resulting from worm death) and ultrasound examinations (to detect living adult worms) were performed before treatment and 7, 14, 30, 45, 60, 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after treatment. Blood was examined for microfilariae before and 30 days and 360 days after treatment. Seven days post treatment, intrascrotal nodules were detected at the site of 21 (46.7%) adult worm nests in men who received DEC atone compared with 2 (6.1%) sites in men who received DEC and albendazote (P=0.002). One year after treatment, 10 (22.2%) original adult worm nests remained detectable by ultrasound among men who received DEC atone compared with 18/32 (56.3%) nests among men who received both drugs (P=0.016). Microfilaraemia prevalence and density decreased to a similar extent in both groups. Addition of albendazole appeared to decrease the macrofilaricidal effect of DEC against W bancrofti, with no detectable enhancement in microfilarial suppression. (C) 2006 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, NEPAF, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, Brazil. Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Recife, PE, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, Dept Cirurgia, Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Dreyer, G (reprint author), Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, NEPAF, Av Prof Moraes Rego S-N,Cidade Univ, BR-50740900 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM dreyer-g@uot.com.br NR 42 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 100 IS 12 BP 1118 EP 1125 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.04.006 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 105DM UT WOS:000242009500005 PM 16860830 ER PT J AU Vogt, TM Goldstein, ST Kuartei, S AF Vogt, Tara M. Goldstein, Susan T. Kuartei, Stevenson TI Endemic hepatitis B virus infection and chronic liver disease mortality in the Republic of Palau, 1990-2002 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis; hepatitis B virus; vaccination; liver cirrhosis; hepatocellular carcinoma; Republic of Palau; Pacific Islands ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; PROGRAM; TAIWAN; BIRTH; RISK AB In the Republic of Palau, a Pacific island nation, approximately 20% of the population is chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is at risk of developing chronic liver disease (CLD), including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To examine the consequences of HBV infection, we sought to quantify HBV-related CLD mortality in this population. The cause of death was abstracted from death certificates of all persons who died in Palau during 1990-2002. CLD deaths were categorised as cirrhosis or HCC. HBV serological status was determined by review of a hospital database. The cause of death was determined for 1366 (85%) of 1608 deaths. CLD was the fifth most common cause of death, accounting for 102 (7%) deaths with a known cause. Of deaths due to CLD, 55 (54%) were from cirrhosis and 47 (46%) were from HCC. Sixty-five percent of CLD decedents and 19% of non-CLD decedents were chronically infected with HBV (P< 0.01). The attributable fraction of HBV-related CLD was 54% (58% for cirrhosis and 53% for HCC). CLD mortality rates were approximately twice the worldwide CLD rate. HBV-related CLD is a common cause of death in the Republic of Palau, highlighting the importance of routine infant hepatitis B vaccination, especially in countries with high endemicity. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Palau Minst Hlth, Koror 96949, Palau. RP Vogt, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tcv3@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 100 IS 12 BP 1130 EP 1134 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.01.011 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 105DM UT WOS:000242009500007 PM 16765396 ER PT J AU Montgomery, SP Brown, JA Kuehnert, M Smith, TL Crall, N Lanciotti, RS De Oliveira, AM Boo, T Marfin, AA AF Montgomery, Susan P. Brown, Jennifer A. Kuehnert, Matthew Smith, Theresa L. Crall, Nicholas Lanciotti, Robert S. De Oliveira, Alexandre Macedo Boo, Thomas Marfin, Anthony A. CA 2003 W Nile Virus Transfusion Asso TI Transfusion-associated transmission of West Nile virus, United States 2003 through 2005 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; EPIDEMIC; ENCEPHALITIS; RNA AB BACKGROUND: National blood donation screening for West Nile virus (WNV) started in June 2003, after the documentation of WNV transfusion-associated transmission (TAT) in 2002. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donations were screened with investigational nucleic acid amplification assays in minipool formats. Blood collection agencies (BCAs) reported screening results to state and local public health authorities. Donor test results and demographic information were forwarded to CDC via ArboNET, the national electronic arbovirus surveillance system. State health departments and BCAs also reported suspect WNV TATs to CDC, which investigated these reports to confirm WNV infection in blood transfusion recipients in the absence of likely mosquito exposure. RESULTS: During 2003 to 2005, a total of 1,425 presumptive viremic donors were reported to CDC from 41 states. Of 36 investigations of suspected WNV TAT in 2003, 6 cases were documented. Estimated viremia levels were available for donations implicated in four TAT cases; the median estimated viremia was 0.1 plaque-forming units (PFUs) per mL (range, 0.06-0.50 PFU/mL; 1 PFU equals approximately 400 copies/mL). CONCLUSIONS: National blood screening for WNV identified and removed more than 1,400 potentially infectious blood donations in 2003 through 2005. Despite the success of screening in 2003, some residual WNV TAT risk remained due to donations containing very low levels of virus. Screening algorithms employing selected individual-donation testing were designed to address this residual risk and were fully implemented in 2004 and 2005. Continued vigilance for TAT will evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. CDC, State Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Montgomery, SP (reprint author), NCID, Parasit Dis Branch, DPD, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SMontgomery@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 12 BP 2038 EP 2046 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.01030.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 108LT UT WOS:000242242000003 PM 17176314 ER PT J AU Alvar, J Yactayo, S Bern, C AF Alvar, Jorge Yactayo, Sergio Bern, Caryn TI Leishmaniasis and poverty SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ANTHROPONOTIC CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; KALA-AZAR; RISK-FACTORS; BANGLADESHI COMMUNITY; SOUTHERN SUDAN; IMPACT; BRAZIL; INDIA AB Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, has strong but complex links with poverty. The burden of leishmaniasis falls disproportionately on the poorest segments of the global population. Within endemic areas, increased infection risk is mediated through poor housing conditions and environmental sanitation, lack of personal protective measures and economically driven migration and employment that bring nonimmune hosts into contact with infected sand flies. Poverty is associated with poor nutrition and other infectious diseases, which increase the risk that a person (once infected) will progress to the clinically manifested disease. Lack of healthcare access causes delays in appropriate diagnosis and treatment and accentuates leishmaniasis morbidity and mortality, particularly in women. Leishmaniasis diagnosis and treatment are expensive and families must sell assets and take loans to pay for care, leading to further impoverishment and reinforcement of the vicious cycle of disease and poverty. Public investment in treatment and control would decrease the leishmaniasis disease burden and help to alleviate poverty. C1 WHO, Communicable Dis, Neglected Trop Dis Control, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Alvar, J (reprint author), WHO, Communicable Dis, Neglected Trop Dis Control, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM alvarj@who.int NR 45 TC 243 Z9 257 U1 3 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 12 BP 552 EP 557 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2006.09.004 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 114RG UT WOS:000242682700004 PM 17023215 ER PT J AU Demma, LJ Traeger, M Blau, D Gordon, R Johnson, B Dickson, J Ethelbah, R Piontkowski, S Levy, C Nicholson, WL Duncan, C Heath, K Cheek, J Swerdlow, DL McQuiston, JH AF Demma, Linda J. Traeger, Marc Blau, Dianna Gordon, Rondeen Johnson, Brian Dickson, Jeff Ethelbah, Rudy Piontkowski, Stephen Levy, Craig Nicholson, William L. Duncan, Christopher Heath, Karen Cheek, James Swerdlow, David L. McQuiston, Jennifer H. TI Serologic evidence for exposure to Rickettsia rickettsii in eastern Arizona and recent emergence of Rocky Mountain spotted fever in this region SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia rickettsii; Rocky Mountain spotted fever; seroprevalence; brown dog tick; Rhipocephalus sanguineus ID RHIPICEPHALUS-SANGUINEUS; NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBODIES; DOGS; TICKS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RESPONSES AB During 2002 through 2004, 15 patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) were identified in a rural community in Arizona where the disease had not been previously reported. The outbreak was associated with Rickettsia rickettsii in an unexpected tick vector, the brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus), which had not been previously,associated with RMSF transmission in the United States. We investigated the extent of exposure to R. rickettsii in the local area through serologic evaluations of children and dogs in 2003-2004, and in canine sera from 1996. Antibodies to R. rickettsii at titers >= 32 were detected in 10% of children and 70% of dogs in the outbreak community and 16% of children and 57% of dogs in a neighboring community. In comparison, only 5% of canine samples from 1996 had anti-R. rickettsii antibodies at titers >= 32. These results suggest that exposures to RMSF have increased over the past 9 years, and that RMSF may now be endemic in this region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Whiteriver Serv Unit, Whiteriver, AZ USA. Indian Hlth Serv, San Carlos Serv Unit, San Carlos, AZ USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Vector Borne Dis Unit, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Demma, LJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ldemma@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 423 EP 429 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.423 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 123AB UT WOS:000243267600014 PM 17187578 ER PT J AU Liu, X Bankamp, B Xu, WB Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Liu, Xin Bankamp, Bettina Xu, Wenbo Bellini, William J. Rota, Paul A. TI The genomic termini of wild-type and vaccine strains of measles virus SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE RNA viruses; measles virus; genomic termini; viral replication; measles vaccines ID REPLICATION; RNA; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION; ATTENUATION; PROTEINS; COMPLEMENTARITY; POLYMERASE; EFFICIENCY; PROMOTERS AB The genomic termini from 18 strains of measles virus (MV) including wild-type MVs from the pre-vaccine period, recent wild-type isolates and various vaccine strains were sequenced. The first 25 nucleotides of the 3' terminus and last 52 nucleotides of the 5' terminus were conserved in all of the viruses examined. Nucleotides 26 and 42 of the 3' leader were A and G, respectively, in all genotype A viruses except Edmonston wild-type (Ed-WT). All non-genotype A viruses and Ed-WT had U in both positions. No consistent substitution pattern was found in the 5' trailer region of the genome. The nucleotide substitutions at positions 26 and 42 in the 3' leader region were introduced into a MV-CAT mini-genome to test for their effect on the production of reporter protein in both a vaccinia T7-driven, plasmid-based replication assay as well as in a helper virus system. Regardless of the source of the polymerase proteins or the natural leader sequence of the helper viruses, the mini-genome 26A42G produced more CAT protein than 26U42U. The nucleotide substitution at 26 had the greatest effect on CAT production. These results indicated that naturally occurring nucleotide variations in the 3' leader region can affect the levels of reporter protein synthesis, and presumably affected the level of replication of the virus. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chinese Ctr Dis Control, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpesvirus Branch, MS-C-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM prota@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 122 IS 1-2 BP 78 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2006.06.014 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 108GC UT WOS:000242227300010 PM 16889863 ER PT J AU Wozniak, EJ Wisser, J Schwartz, M AF Wozniak, Edward J. Wisser, John Schwartz, Michael TI Venomous adversaries: A reference to snake identification, field safety, and bite-victim first aid for disaster-response personnel deploying into the hurricane-prone regions of north America SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE snakes; snakebite; envenomation; hurricanes; snake identification ID MICRURUS-FULVIUS-FULVIUS; FAB OVINE ANTIVENOM; CORAL SNAKE; ENVENOMATION; RATTLESNAKE; CROTALIDAE; DISINTEGRIN; AGKISTRODON; MANAGEMENT; MODEL AB Each hurricane season, emergency-preparedness deployment teams including but not limited to the Office of Force Readiness and Deployment of the US Public Health Service, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Deployment Medical Assistance Teams, Veterinary Medical Assistance Teams, and the US Army and Air Force National Guard are at risk for deploying into hurricane-stricken areas that harbor indigenous hazards, including those posed by venomous snakes. North America is home to 2 distinct families of venomous snakes: 1) Viperidae, which includes the rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths; and 2) Elapidae, in which the only native species are the coral snakes. Although some of these snakes are easily identified, some are not, and many rank among the most feared and misunderstood animals. This article specifically addresses all the native species of venomous snakes that inhabit the hurricane-prone regions of North America and is intended to serve as a reference to snake identification. basic field safety procedures, and the currently recommended first-aid measures for snakebite casualties. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, USPHS Inact Reserve, Inst Biosci & Technol,Program Anim Resources, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Trop Vis, Alvin, TX USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. RP Wozniak, EJ (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, USPHS Inact Reserve, Inst Biosci & Technol,Program Anim Resources, 2121 W Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM ewozniak@lbt.tamhsc.edu NR 54 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD WIN PY 2006 VL 17 IS 4 BP 246 EP 266 DI 10.1580/06-WEME-CO-005R.1 PG 21 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 123QC UT WOS:000243309400006 PM 17219788 ER PT J AU Kanjilal, S Gregg, EW Cheng, YLJ Zhang, P Nelson, DE Mensah, G Beckles, GLA AF Kanjilal, Sanjat Gregg, Edward W. Cheng, Yiling J. Zhang, Ping Nelson, David E. Mensah, George Beckles, Gloria L. A. TI Socioeconomic status and trends in disparities in 4 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease among US adults, 1971-2002 SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; BODY-MASS-INDEX; UNITED-STATES; SECULAR TRENDS; TOBACCO USE; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; INEQUALITIES AB Background: It is unknown whether the previously recognized disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors related to annual income and educational level have diminished, persisted, or worsened in recent decades. The objective of this study was to examine 31-year trends in CVD risk factors by annual income and educational levels among US adults. Methods: Four cross-sectional national surveys were used: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (1971-1974), II (1976-1980), III (1988-1994), and 1999-2002. The main outcome measure was prevalence of high cholesterol (>= 240 mg/ dL [>= 6.2 mmol/L]), high blood pressure (140/90 mm Hg), smoking, and diabetes mellitus. Results: Between 1971 and 2002, the prevalence of all CVD risk factors, except diabetes, decreased in all income and education groups, but there has been little reduction in income- and education-related disparities in CVD risk factors and few improvements during the past 10 years. The prevalence of high blood pressure declined by about half in all income and education groups, ranging from 30.3% to 40.6% in 1971-1974 and 16.4% in 1999-2002, with the greatest reduction among those in the lowest income quartile and those with less than a high school education (18.0 and 15.9 percentage points, respectively). High cholesterol prevalence also declined in all groups and ranged from 28.8% to 32.4% in 19711974 and 15.3% to 22.0% in 1999-2002, with the largest decline ( 15.9 percentage points) among people with the highest incomes. Education- and income- related disparities in smoking widened considerably, because there were large declines in smoking prevalence among people with high incomes and education ( from about 33% in 1971-1974 to about 14%-17% in 1999-2002) but only marginal reductions among those with low incomes and education ( about 6-percentage point decline). Diabetes prevalence increased most among persons with low incomes and education. Conclusions: Despite the general success in reducing CVD risk factors in the US population, not all segments of society are benefiting equally and improvements may have slowed. Education- and income- related disparities have worsened for smoking, and increases in diabetes prevalence have occurred primarily among persons with a lower socioeconomic status. Diabetes prevention and smoking prevention and cessation programs need to specifically target persons of lower income and education. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM edg7@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 49 TC 233 Z9 238 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD NOV 27 PY 2006 VL 166 IS 21 BP 2348 EP 2355 DI 10.1001/archinte.166.21.2348 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 109MQ UT WOS:000242312700008 PM 17130388 ER PT J AU Galavotti, C Green, DC AF Galavotti, Christine Green, Diane C. TI England's national teenage pregnancy strategy SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; DEVELOPED-COUNTRIES; BEHAVIORS; RATES; MEDIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Galavotti, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cxg2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 25 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9550 BP 1846 EP 1848 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69751-1 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 109YQ UT WOS:000242345900005 PM 17126699 ER PT J AU Kandun, IN Wibisono, H Sedyaningsih, ER Yusharmen Hadisoedarsuno, W Purba, W Santoso, H Septiawati, C Tresnaningsih, E Heriyanto, B Yuwono, D Harun, S Soeroso, S Giriputra, S Blair, PJ Jeremijenko, A Kosasih, H Putnam, SD Samaan, G Silitonga, M Chan, KH Poon, LLM Lim, W Klimov, A Lindstrom, S Guan, Y Donis, R Katz, J Cox, N Peiris, M Uyeki, TM AF Kandun, I. Nyoman Wibisono, Hariadi Sedyaningsih, Endang R. Yusharmen Hadisoedarsuno, Widarso Purba, Wilfried Santoso, Hari Septiawati, Chita Tresnaningsih, Erna Heriyanto, Bambang Yuwono, Djoko Harun, Syahrial Soeroso, Santoso Giriputra, Sardikin Blair, Patrick J. Jeremijenko, Andrew Kosasih, Herman Putnam, Shannon D. Samaan, Gina Silitonga, Marlinggom Chan, K. H. Poon, Leo L. M. Lim, Wilina Klimov, Alexander Lindstrom, Stephen Guan, Yi Donis, Ruben Katz, Jacqueline Cox, Nancy Peiris, Malik Uyeki, Timothy M. TI Three Indonesian clusters of H5N1 virus infection in 2005 SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFLUENZA-A H5N1; HUMAN-DISEASE; HONG-KONG; EVOLUTION AB Background: Since 2003, the widespread ongoing epizootic of avian influenza A (H5N1) among poultry and birds has resulted in human H5N1 cases in 10 countries. The first case of H5N1 virus infection in Indonesia was identified in July 2005. Methods: We investigated three clusters of Indonesian cases with at least two ill persons hospitalized with laboratory evidence of H5N1 virus infection from June through October 2005. Epidemiologic, clinical, and virologic data on these patients were collected and analyzed. Results: Severe disease occurred among all three clusters, including deaths in two clusters. Mild illness in children was documented in two clusters. The median age of the eight patients was 8.5 years (range, 1 to 38). Four patients required mechanical ventilation, and four of the eight patients (50%) died. In each cluster, patients with H5N1 virus infection were members of the same family, and most lived in the same home. In two clusters, the source of H5N1 virus infection in the index patient was not determined. Virus isolates were available for one patient in each of two clusters, and molecular sequence analyses determined that the isolates were clade 2 H5N1 viruses of avian origin. Conclusions: In 2005 in Indonesia, clusters of human infection with clade 2 H5N1 viruses included mild, severe, and fatal cases among family members. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Directorate Gen Dis Control & Environm Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia. Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. Infect Dis Hosp Rumah Sakit Penyakit Infeksi Suli, N Jakarta, Indonesia. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. WHO, Jakarta, Indonesia. Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Dept Hlth, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Uyeki, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Mail Stop A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tuyeki@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 230 Z9 249 U1 1 U2 4 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 23 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 21 BP 2186 EP 2194 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa060930 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 107KQ UT WOS:000242170900005 PM 17124016 ER PT J AU Engelthaler, D Levy, C Ettestad, P Kruger, K Leslie, M AF Engelthaler, D. Levy, C. Ettestad, P. Kruger, K. Leslie, M. TI Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome - Five states, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 627-629, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. N Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismarck, ND USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. Washington Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Engelthaler, D (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 22 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 20 BP 2434 EP 2434 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 107KR UT WOS:000242171000010 ER PT J AU Chertow, DS Tan, ET Maslanka, SE Schulte, J Bresnitz, EA Weisman, RS Bernstein, J Marcus, SM Kumar, S Malecki, J Sobel, J Braden, CR AF Chertow, Daniel S. Tan, Esther T. Maslanka, Susan E. Schulte, Joann Bresnitz, Eddy A. Weisman, Richard S. Bernstein, Jeffrey Marcus, Steven M. Kumar, Savita Malecki, Jean Sobel, Jeremy Braden, Christopher R. TI Botulism in 4 adults following cosmetic injections with an unlicensed, highly concentrated botulinum preparation SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID TOXIN AB Context Botulism is a potentially lethal paralytic disease caused primarily by toxins of the anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Although botulinum toxin A is available by prescription for cosmetic and therapeutic use, no cases of botulism with detectable serum toxin have previously been attributed to cosmetic or therapeutic botulinum toxin injections. On November 27, 2004, 4 suspected botulism case-patients with a link to cosmetic botulinum toxin injections were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Objective To investigate the clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory aspects of 4 suspected cases of iatrogenic botulism. Design, Setting, and Patients Case series on 4 botulism case-patients. Main Outcome Measures Clinical characteristics of the 4 case-patients, epidemiological associations, and mouse bioassay neutralization test results from case-patient specimens and a toxin sample. Results Clinical characteristics of the 4 case-patients were consistent with those of naturally occurring botulism. All case-patients had been injected with a highly concentrated, unlicensed preparation of botulinum toxin A and may have received doses 2857 times the estimated human lethal dose by injection. Pretreatment serum toxin levels in 3 of the 4 case-patients were equivalent to 21 to 43 times the estimated human lethal dose; pretreatment serum from the fourth epidemiologically linked case-patient was not available. A 100-mu g vial of toxin taken from the same manufacturer's lot as toxin administered to the case-patients contained a toxin amount sufficient to kill approximately 14 286 adults by injection if disseminated evenly. Conclusions These laboratory-confirmed cases of botulism demonstrate that clinical use of unlicensed botulinum toxin A can result in severe, life-threatening illness. Further education and regulation are needed to prevent the inappropriate marketing, sale, and clinical use of unlicensed botulinum toxin products. C1 Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Div Dis Control, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. State New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Div Epidemiol Environm & Occupat Hlth, Trenton, NJ USA. Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Florida Poison Informat Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. New Jersey Poison Informat & Educ Syst, Newark, NJ USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, Div Epidemiol & Dis Control, W Palm Beach, FL USA. RP Chertow, DS (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Div Dis Control, 2585 Merchants Row Blvd,Prather Bldg,Room 310F, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. EM sindia4@hotmail.com NR 10 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 22 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 20 BP 2476 EP 2479 DI 10.1001/jama.296.20.2476 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 107KR UT WOS:000242171000029 PM 17119144 ER PT J AU Ye, XY Kuklenyik, Z Bishop, AM Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Ye, Xiaoyun Kuklenyik, Zsuzsanna Bishop, Amber M. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Quantification of the urinary concentrations of parabens in humans by on-line solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE paraben; exposure; human; biomonitoring; urine; biomarker ID MALE REPRODUCTIVE-SYSTEM; PARA-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; PROPYL PARABEN; ETHYL PARABEN; IN-VITRO; SAFETY ASSESSMENT; PRACTICAL USAGE; BIOLOGICAL FATE; BUTYL PARABEN AB Parabens (alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid) are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetic products, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. However, weak estrogenicity of some parabens has been revealed from several studies. Human exposure to parabens may be assessed by measuring the conjugated or free species of these compounds or their metabolites in urine. We have developed a method using on-line solid phase extraction-high performance liquid chromatography-isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry with peak focusing to measure the urinary concentrations of methyl, ethyl, propyl, n- and iso-butyl, and benzyl parabens. This method has good reproducibility and accuracy with detection limits for all analytes below 0.2 ng/mL in 100 mu L of urine, and permits quick and accurate analysis of a large number of samples in epidemiologic studies for assessing the prevalence of human exposure to parabens. Using this method, we detected methyl, ethyl, and propyl parabens, mostly as conjugated species, in 22 urine samples collected from anonymous adults. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 34 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD NOV 21 PY 2006 VL 844 IS 1 BP 53 EP 59 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.06.037 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 109SG UT WOS:000242328300008 PM 16893688 ER PT J AU Smith, NM Shay, DK AF Smith, Nicole M. Shay, David K. TI Influenza vaccination for elderly people and their care workers SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; EFFICACY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shay, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dks4@cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 13 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 18 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9549 BP 1752 EP 1753 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69713-4 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 108FJ UT WOS:000242225400008 PM 17113407 ER PT J AU Desheva, JA Lu, XH Rekstin, AR Rudenko, LG Swayne, DE Cox, NJ Katz, JM Klimov, AI AF Desheva, J. A. Lu, X. H. Rekstin, A. R. Rudenko, L. G. Swayne, D. E. Cox, N. J. Katz, J. M. Klimov, A. I. TI Characterization of an influenza A H5N2 reassortant as a candidate for live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines against highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses with pandemic potential SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE avian influenza vaccine; influenza pandemic; mouse model ID PROTECTION; TRIVALENT; NEURAMINIDASE; ANTIGENICITY; EVOLUTION; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; IMMUNITY; ILLNESS; HUMANS AB We generated a high-growth 7:1 reassortant (Len17/H5) that contained the hemagglutinin (HA) gene from non-pathogenic A/Duck/Potsdam/1402-6/86 (H5N2) virus and other genes from the cold-adapted (ca) attenuated A/leningrad/134/17/57 (H2H2) strain. Len17/H5 demonstrated an attenuated phenotype in mice and did not infect chickens. Mice administered Len17/H5 either as a live-attenuated intranasal vaccine or as an inactivated intramuscular vaccine were substantially protected from lethal challenge with highly pathogenic A/Hong Kong/483/97 (H5N1) vir-us and were protected from pulmonary infection with antigenically distinct A/Hong Kong/213/2003 (H5N1) virus. The cross-protective effect correlated with the levels of virus-specific mucosal IgA and/or serum IgG antibodies. Our results suggest a new strategy of using classical genetic reassortment between a high-growth ca H2N2 strain and antigenically related non-pathogenic avian viruses to prepare live-attenuated and inactivated vaccines for influenza pandemic. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Russian Acad Med Sci, Inst Expt Med, Dept Virol, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Klimov, AI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM AKlimov@cdc.gov RI Desheva, Yulia/I-1493-2013; Rudenko, Larisa/B-5169-2015 OI Desheva, Yulia/0000-0001-9794-3520; Rudenko, Larisa/0000-0002-0107-9959 NR 40 TC 35 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 17 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 47-48 BP 6859 EP 6866 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.023 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 111II UT WOS:000242444200008 PM 17050041 ER PT J AU Philipp, CS Faiz, A Dowling, NF Beckman, M Owens, S Ayers, C Bachmann, G AF Philipp, Claire S. Faiz, Ambarina Dowling, Nicole F. Beckman, Michele Owens, Sally Ayers, Charletta Bachmann, Gloria TI Development of a screening tool in women presenting with unexplained menorrhagia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 09-12, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Obstet Gynecol, Div Hematol, UMDNJ, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Developmental Disabiliti, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 108 IS 11 MA 1025 BP 305A EP 305A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 111GS UT WOS:000242440001284 ER PT J AU Thornburg, C Beckman, M Michaels, L Manco-Johnson, M Dowling, N Pipe, S Kulkarni, R AF Thornburg, Courtney Beckman, Michele Michaels, Lisa Manco-Johnson, Marilyn Dowling, Nicole Pipe, Steven Kulkarni, Roshni TI Hemostasis and thrombosis centers pilot sites registry: Thrombophilia evaluation in children. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 09-12, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Pediat Mt States Reg Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 108 IS 11 MA 3298 BP 941A EP 941A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 111GS UT WOS:000242440004346 ER PT J AU McClellan, AC Soucie, JM Kulkarni, R AF McClellan, Ann C. Soucie, J. Michael Kulkarni, Roshni TI Using geographical information systems (GIS) to examine associations between characteristics of males with hemophilia and geographic distance to hemophilia treatment centers (HTCs). SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 09-12, 2006 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCBDDD, DHBD, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 108 IS 11 MA 3301 BP 942A EP 942A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 111GS UT WOS:000242440004349 ER PT J AU Reeves, WC Heim, C Maloney, EM Youngblood, LS Unger, ER Decker, MJ Jones, JF Rye, DB AF Reeves, William C. Heim, Christine Maloney, Elizabeth M. Youngblood, Laura Solomon Unger, Elizabeth R. Decker, Michael J. Jones, James F. Rye, David B. TI Sleep characteristics of persons with chronic fatigue syndrome and non-fatigued controls: results from a population-based study SO BMC NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCORDANT; LATENCY TEST; OBJECTIVE MEASURES; MSLT; DEPRIVATION; DISTURBANCE; DEFINITION; INSOMNIA AB Background: The etiology and pathophysiology of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) remain inchoate. Attempts to elucidate the pathophysiology must consider sleep physiology, as unrefreshing sleep is the most commonly reported of the 8 case-defining symptoms of CFS. Although published studies have consistently reported inefficient sleep and documented a variable occurrence of previously undiagnosed primary sleep disorders, they have not identified characteristic disturbances in sleep architecture or a distinctive pattern of polysomnographic abnormalities associated with CFS. Methods: This study recruited CFS cases and non-fatigued controls from a population based study of CFS in Wichita, Kansas. Participants spent two nights in the research unit of a local hospital and underwent overnight polysomnographic and daytime multiple sleep latency testing in order to characterize sleep architecture. Results: Approximately 18% of persons with CFS and 7% of asymptomatic controls were diagnosed with severe primary sleep disorders and were excluded from further analysis. These rates were not significantly different. Persons with CFS had a significantly higher mean frequency of obstructive apnea per hour (p = .003); however, the difference was not clinically meaningful. Other characteristics of sleep architecture did not differ between persons with CFS and controls. Conclusion: Although disordered breathing during sleep may be associated with CFS, this study generally did not provide evidence that altered sleep architecture is a critical factor in CFS. Future studies should further scrutinize the relationship between subjective sleep quality relative to objective polysomnographic measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcr1@cdc.gov; cmheim@emory.edu; evm3@cdc.gov; zfk9@cdc.gov; eru0@cdc.gov; mdecker@fusionsleep.com; jaj9@cdc.gov; drye@emory.edu RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 30 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2377 J9 BMC NEUROL JI BMC Neurol. PD NOV 16 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 41 DI 10.1186/1471-2377-6-41 PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 113IW UT WOS:000242592600001 PM 17109739 ER PT J AU Werny, DM Saraiya, M Gregg, EW AF Werny, David M. Saraiya, Mona Gregg, Edward W. TI Prostate-specific antigen values in diabetic and nondiabetic US men, 2001-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus, type 2; prostate-specific antigen; prostatic neoplasms; testosterone ID GROWTH-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; CANCER; INSULIN; MELLITUS; RISK; ANDROGENS; TESTOSTERONE; HISTORY; INDEX AB Recent studies have shown that diabetic men have a lower risk of prostate cancer and that this association may be related to time since diagnosis. The authors examined the association between diabetes and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, controlling for potential confounders, in a nationally representative cross-sectional survey of the US population (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002). Diabetes classification was self-reported, and undiagnosed diabetes was determined with fasting plasma glucose measurements. Controlling for age, men with self-reported diabetes had a 21.6% lower geometric mean PSA level than men without diabetes. The difference increased with years since diagnosis (> 10 years: 27.5% lower geometric mean PSA level). Overweight men who had had diabetes for more than 10 years had a predicted geometric mean PSA level 40.8% lower than that of nondiabetic, normal-weight men. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that long-term diabetes is associated with a lower risk of prostate cancer. The mechanism of this association may involve the regulation of PSA by androgens, although the authors are unable to confirm this assertion. Better understanding of the determinants of PSA level is needed to make the distinction between factors affecting the PSA test's accuracy and those altering the risk of prostate cancer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Mail Stop K-55,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM msaraiya@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 10 BP 978 EP 983 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj311 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 104LC UT WOS:000241958900008 PM 17023544 ER PT J AU Link, MW Battaglia, MP Frankel, MR Osborn, L Mokdad, AH AF Link, Michael W. Battaglia, Michael P. Frankel, Martin R. Osborn, Larry Mokdad, Ali H. TI Address-based versus random-digit-dial surveys: Comparison of key health and risk indicators SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data collection; epidemiologic methods; population surveillance; postal service; sampling studies; telephone ID TELEPHONE; DRUG AB Use of random-digit dialing (RDD) for conducting health surveys is increasingly problematic because of declining participation rates and eroding frame coverage. Alternative survey modes and sampling frames may improve response rates and increase the validity of survey estimates. In a 2005 pilot study conducted in six states as part of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, the authors administered a mail survey to selected household members sampled from addresses in a US Postal Service database. The authors compared estimates based on data from the completed mail surveys (n = 3,010) with those from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System telephone surveys (n = 18,780). The mail survey data appeared reasonably complete, and estimates based on data from the two survey modes were largely equivalent. Differences found, such as differences in the estimated prevalences of binge drinking (mail = 20.3%, telephone = 13.1%) or behaviors linked to human immunodeficiency virus transmission (mail = 7.1%, telephone = 4.2%), were consistent with previous research showing that, for questions about sensitive behaviors, self-administered surveys generally produce higher estimates than interviewer-administered surveys. The mail survey also provided access to cell-phone-only households and households without telephones, which cannot be reached by means of standard RDD surveys. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30351 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CUNY, Baruch Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30351 USA. EM mlink@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 10 BP 1019 EP 1025 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj310 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 104LC UT WOS:000241958900014 PM 16968861 ER PT J AU Dawson, ED Moore, CL Smagala, JA Dankbar, DM Mehlmann, M Townsend, MB Smith, CB Cox, NJ Kuchta, RD Rowlen, KL AF Dawson, Erica D. Moore, Chad L. Smagala, James A. Dankbar, Daniela M. Mehlmann, Martin Townsend, Michael B. Smith, Catherine B. Cox, Nancy J. Kuchta, Robert D. Rowlen, Kathy L. TI MChip: A tool for influenza surveillance SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FLUCHIP DIAGNOSTIC MICROARRAY; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE PCR; REACTION RT-PCR; AVIAN INFLUENZA; PRACTICAL APPROACH; H5N1 DETECTION; SUBTYPE H5N1; A VIRUSES; GENE AB The design and characterization of a low-density microarray for subtyping influenza A is presented. The microarray consisted of 15 distinct oligonucleotides designed to target only the matrix gene segment of influenza A. An artificial neural network was utilized to automate microarray image interpretation. The neural network was trained to recognize fluorescence image patterns for 68 known influenza viruses and subsequently used to identify 53 unknowns in a blind study that included 39 human patient samples and 14 negative control samples. The assay exhibited a clinical sensitivity of 95% and clinical specificity of 92%. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. InDevR LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Rowlen, KL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rowlen@colorado.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01AI056528] NR 43 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 22 BP 7610 EP 7615 DI 10.1021/ac061739f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 105HQ UT WOS:000242021400002 PM 17105150 ER PT J AU Klement, E Talkington, DF Wasserzug, O Kayouf, R Davidovitch, N Dumke, R Bar-Zeev, Y Ron, M Boxman, J Thacker, WL Wolf, D Lazarovich, T Shemer-Avni, Y Glikman, D Jacobs, E Grotto, I Block, C Nir-Paz, R AF Klement, Eyal Talkington, Deborah F. Wasserzug, Oshri Kayouf, Raid Davidovitch, Nadav Dumke, Roger Bar-Zeev, Yael Ron, Merav Boxman, Jonathan Thacker, W. Lanier Wolf, Dana Lazarovich, Tsilia Shemer-Avni, Yonat Glikman, Daniel Jacobs, Enno Grotto, Itamar Block, Colin Nir-Paz, Ran TI Identification of risk factors for infection in an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract disease SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; MILITARY PERSONNEL; CHILDREN; POPULATION; VACCINE; ADULTS; PCR; ADENOVIRUS AB Background. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is one of the most common pathogens that causes community-acquired respiratory tract infection. Outbreaks are well known, and all age groups are susceptible. An outbreak in an army training unit afforded an opportunity to identify possible risk factors for morbidity. Methods. An outbreak of respiratory illness that occurred in a unit comprising 91 trainees was investigated and analyzed as a cohort study. M. pneumoniae infection was suspected on clinical grounds and was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, culture, and serologic testing. Data regarding medical history, symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests were collected. Results. During a period of 12 days, 41 soldiers (45.1%) had respiratory illnesses, of which 10 (11.0%) were pneumonia. Comparison of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals revealed that smoking was associated with higher rates of disease (risk ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-3.2; P < .005) and seroconversion (risk ratio, 2; 95% CI, 1.2-3.4; P = .03). In multivariate analysis, both lower acute immunoglobulin G values (adjusted odds ratio, 7.8; 95% CI, 1.4-42.5; P = .018) and smoking (adjusted odds ratio, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.5-20.4; P = .01) were associated with symptomatic infection; stratification according to smoking status revealed that immunoglobulin G levels among nonsmokers were protective. Patients who had pneumonia had lower lymphocyte counts (1400 +/- 258 vs. 2000 +/- 465 cells/mu L; P = .001). Conclusions. Smoking and lower preexisting immunoglobulin G levels were strongly associated with M. pneumoniae respiratory infection. These findings emphasize the importance of immunity and cessation of smoking for the prevention of disease. The high attack rate emphasizes the extent of infection transmission among healthy persons living in close contact. C1 Israel Def Forces, Army Hlth Branch, Beer Sheva, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Soroka Acad Med Ctr, Dept Virol, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Jerusalem, Israel. Hadassah Hebrew Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Jerusalem, Israel. Assaf Harofeh Med Ctr, Dept Clin Microbiol, IL-70300 Zerifin, Israel. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Tech Univ Dresden, Fac Med, Inst Med Microbiol & Hyg, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. RP Nir-Paz, R (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mol & Cell Biol, 510 Barker Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM nirpaz@berkeley.edu RI SHEMER AVNI, YONAT/F-1772-2012; Grotto, Itamar/F-2028-2012; Nir-Paz, Ran/I-5003-2012 NR 34 TC 32 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1239 EP 1245 DI 10.1086/508458 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 096UU UT WOS:000241403100002 PM 17051486 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Angulo, FJ AF Jones, Timothy F. Angulo, Frederick J. TI Eating in restaurants: A risk factor for foodborne disease? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FOODNET SITES; UNITED-STATES; ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; CONSUMPTION AB Foodborne disease is a common, but preventable, burden of illness worldwide. Almost one-half of every dollar spent on food in the United States is spent on food from restaurants. A growing body of data from foodborne disease outbreaks and studies of sporadic (non-outbreak-associated) gastrointestinal disease of various etiologies suggest that eating food prepared in restaurants is an important source of infection. These data suggest a critical need for action that is focused on preventing disease transmission within the food service industry. Clinicians should report all suspected foodborne disease to public health authorities to ensure appropriate epidemiologic investigation. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, CEDS, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, CEDS, 4th Fl,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM tim.f.jones@state.tn.us NR 22 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 10 BP 1324 EP 1328 DI 10.1086/508540 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 096UU UT WOS:000241403100017 PM 17051501 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Abbasi, F Gaigalas, AK Vogt, RF Marti, GE AF Wang, Lili Abbasi, Fatima Gaigalas, Adolfas K. Vogt, Robert F. Marti, Gerald E. TI Comparison of fluorescein and phycoerythrin conjugates for quantifying CD20 expression on normal and leukemic B-cells SO CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE CD20; CD4; QuantiBRITE (TM) PE quantification kits; ABC value; MESF value; RM (TM) 8640; B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; MESF VALUES; INTENSITY; ANTIGEN; SUBSETS; DENSITY AB Background: Numerous methods for quantitative fluorescence calibration (QFC) have been developed to quantify receptor expression on lymphocytes as potential disease biomarkers. CD20 expression in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is one of the best examples of such a biomarker, but results from the use of different QFC methods vary considerably. Methods: We measured CD20 expression on normal and B-CLL B-cells, using FITC and PE conjugates from the same monoclonal antibody (Mab). As a biological control and calibrator, we also measured CD4 expression on T-cells with FITC and PE Mab. Calibration curves were constructed using the CLSI (formerly NCCLS) consensus guidelines for QFC. Calibration with QuantiBRITE (TM) PE-labeled microspheres and the use of unimolar PE conjugates provided direct measurement of antibody bound per cell (ABC) for CD4 and CD20. Calibration for FITC conjugates was based on molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome (MESF), as determined by NIST RM 8640 microsphere standards. These MESF values were then converted to ABC, using the CD4 T-cell as a biologic calibrator, to normalize FITC and PE results for CD20 expression. Results: On normal B cells, the mean ABC value for unimolar CD20-PE conjugate was 143,500 (CV +/- 19.1%). The mean ABC value for B-CLL B-cells stained with the same conjugate was 21,700 (CV +/- 42.0%). Using the CD4 T-cell as a biologic calibrator for FITC conjugate, the mean ABC value for CD20FITC on normal B-cells was 199,300. CD20-FITC staining an B-CLL cells was generally too weak for accurate quantification. On normal T-cells, the mean ABC value for CD4 unimolar PE conjugate was (36,800 +/- 10.4)%, and it did not differ significantly in CLL samples. Conclusion: The expression of CD20 on normal and B-CLL lymphocytes can he quantified in ABC units using unimolar CD20-PE conjugates. In addition, CD4 expression on T-cells can be used as a biological calibrator to quantify CD20-FITC ABC, with reasonable agreement between the two conjugates with different fluorochromes. Issues regarding the accuracy of MESF microsphere calibrators and effective F/P ratios for FITC conjugates will require additional laboratory studies. (c) 2006 International Society for Analytical Cytology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biochem Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, LL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biochem Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov; gemarti@helix.nih.gov NR 17 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4949 J9 CYTOM PART B-CLIN CY JI Cytom. Part B-Clin. Cytom. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 70B IS 6 BP 410 EP 415 DI 10.1002/cyto.b.20140 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA 099UY UT WOS:000241623100004 PM 16967494 ER PT J AU Gillespie, J Arnold, KE Kainer, MA Noble-Wang, J Jensen, B Arduino, M Hageman, J Srinivasan, A AF Gillespie, J. Arnold, K. E. Kainer, M. A. Noble-Wang, J. Jensen, B. Arduino, M. Hageman, J. Srinivasan, A. TI Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections associated with transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies - Georgia, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 776-777, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gillespie, J (reprint author), Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 19 BP 2308 EP 2309 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 104ZI UT WOS:000241998700008 ER PT J AU Balter, S Hanson, H Kornstein, L Lee, L Reddy, V Sahl, S Stavinsky, F Fage, M Johnson, G Bancroft, J Keene, W Koepsell, J Williams, M MacDonald, K Napolilli, N Hofmann, J Bopp, C Lynch, M Moore, K Painter, J Puhr, N Yu, P AF Balter, S. Hanson, H. Kornstein, L. Lee, L. Reddy, V. Sahl, S. Stavinsky, F. Fage, M. Johnson, G. Bancroft, J. Keene, W. Koepsell, J. Williams, M. MacDonald, K. Napolilli, N. Hofmann, J. Bopp, C. Lynch, M. Moore, K. Painter, J. Puhr, N. Yu, P. TI Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections associated with consumption of raw shellfish - Three states, 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 854-856, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Oregon Dept Human Svcs, Salem, OR 97310 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. CDC, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Balter, S (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 19 BP 2309 EP 2310 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 104ZI UT WOS:000241998700009 ER PT J AU Jennes, W Verheyden, S Demanet, C Adje-Toure, CA Vuylsteke, B Nkengasong, JN Kestens, L AF Jennes, Wim Verheyden, Sonja Demanet, Christian Adje-Toure, Christiane A. Vuylsteke, Bea Nkengasong, John N. Kestens, Luc TI Cutting edge: Resistance to HIV-1 infection among African female sex workers is associated with inhibitory KIR in the absence of their HLA ligands SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KILLER-CELL RECEPTORS; CLASS-I MOLECULES; COTE-DIVOIRE; NK CELLS; ABIDJAN; BINDING; SUSCEPTIBILITY; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNITY; INNATE AB NK cells are regulated in part by killer Ig-like receptors (KIR) that interact with HLA molecules on potential target cells. KIR and HLA loci are highly polymorphic and certain KIR/HLA combinations were found to protect against HIV disease progression. We show in this study that KIR/HLA interactions also influence resistance to HIV transmission. HIV-exposed but seronegative female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivorie frequently possessed inhibitory KIR genes in the absence of their cognate HLA genes: KIR2DL2/KIR2DL3 heterozygosity in the absence of HLA-C1 and KIR3DL1 homozygosity in the absence of HLA-Bw4. HIV-seropositive female sex workers were characterized by corresponding inhibitory KIR/HLA pairings: KIR2DL3 homozygosity together with HLA-C1 and a trend toward KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4 homozygosity. Absence of ligands for inhibitory KIR could lower the threshold for NK cell activation. In addition, exposed seronegatives more frequently possessed AB KIR genotypes, which contain more activating KIR. The data support an important role for NK cells and KIR/HLA interactions in antiviral immunity. C1 Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Immunol Lab, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Vrije Univ Brussels, HLA Lab, Acad Ziekenhuis, Brussels, Belgium. Proj RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jennes, W (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Immunol Lab, Natl Str 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. EM wjennes@itg.be RI Jennes, Wim/M-2523-2013 OI Jennes, Wim/0000-0002-3125-6389 NR 26 TC 114 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 177 IS 10 BP 6588 EP 6592 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 105DN UT WOS:000242009700004 PM 17082569 ER PT J AU Sandhu, SK Priest, JW Lammie, PJ Hubbard, A Colford, JM Eisenberg, JNS AF Sandhu, Sukhminder K. Priest, Jeffrey W. Lammie, Patrick J. Hubbard, Alan Colford, John M., Jr. Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. TI The natural history of antibody responses to Cryptosporidium parasites in men at high risk of HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; BISEXUAL MEN; PARVUM; ANTIGENS; TRANSMISSION; INDIVIDUALS; CONNECTICUT; OUTBREAK AB Background. Although the clinical severity of cryptosporidiosis is altered by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related immunosuppression, little is known about how risk for Cryptosporidium infection is altered by HIV. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 78 participants of the San Francisco Men's Health Study, using stored serological specimens from 8.5 years of follow-up. Cryptosporidium infection was defined as an antibody response to both the recombinant 27-kDa (r27) and native Triton-extracted 17-kDa (TX17) Cryptosporidium antigens. Results. Cryptosporidium infections were detected more frequently by assessment of antibody responses than by routine clinical follow-up (195 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 154-241] vs. 11 [95% CI, 3-30] infections/1000 person-years, respectively). HIV-positive individuals (59%) were more likely than HIV-negative individuals (30%) to have had at least 1 serologically defined infection (P=.028). The estimated infection rate was 230 (95% CI, 175-293) infections/1000 person-years and 140 (95% CI, 86-210) infections/1000 person-years for HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals, respectively. Median decay time to half-life ranged from 13.8 to 15.1 months. Conclusions. Our study emphasizes that Cryptosporidium infections are common in this population. Although HIV status altered the risk of Cryptosporidium infection, further studies are needed to adequately examine the effect of CD4 cell count. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Sandhu, SK (reprint author), VSB, OBE VE, CBER, FDA, 1401 Rockville Pike,Ste 227 S,HFM-222, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM sukhminder.sandhu@fda.hhs.gov FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU915546] NR 33 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 10 BP 1428 EP 1437 DI 10.1086/508194 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 102OB UT WOS:000241820500012 PM 17054073 ER PT J AU Borkowf, CB AF Borkowf, Craig B. TI Constructing binomial confidence intervals with near nominal coverage by adding a single imaginary failure or success SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adverse event; Agresti-Coull method; binomial proportion; clinical trial; Clopper-Pearson method; confidence interval; Wald method ID PROPORTION AB In this paper we present a simple method for constructing (1 - alpha)100 per cent confidence intervals for binomial proportions with near nominal coverage for all underlying proportion parameters on the unit interval. This new method uses, with a slight modification, the standard normal approximation technique taught in introductory statistics classes. Specifically, we first augment the observed binomial data with an imaginary failure to compute the lower bound and an imaginary success to compute the upper bound. By contrast, the Agresti-Coull method adds the same number of imaginary successes and failures to the observed data, yet it can still give somewhat subnominal coverage. As motivation, we discuss the relationship between this new method and the Clopper-Pearson exact method. We also present numerical calculations to illustrate the satisfactory performance of this new method compared with several common alternatives. Finally, we argue that for certain statistical applications, such as the design and analysis of clinical trials with adverse events, this new method represents a valuable complementary approach. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 CDC, NCHSTP, DHAPSE, QSIB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Borkowf, CB (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, DHAPSE, QSIB, Mail Stop E48,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CBorkowf@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD NOV 15 PY 2006 VL 25 IS 21 BP 3679 EP 3695 DI 10.1002/sim.2469 PG 17 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 097XQ UT WOS:000241483500005 PM 16381080 ER PT J AU Whitehead, SJ Kilmarx, PH Blanchard, K Manopaiboon, C Chaikummao, S Friedland, B Achalapong, J Wankrairoj, M Mock, P Thanprasertsuk, S Tappero, JW AF Whitehead, Sara J. Kilmarx, Peter H. Blanchard, Kelly Manopaiboon, Chomnad Chaikummao, Supaporn Friedland, Barbara Achalapong, Jullapong Wankrairoj, Mayuree Mock, Philip Thanprasertsuk, Sombat Tappero, Jordan W. TI Acceptability of Carraguard vaginal gel use among Thai couples SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; microbicide; couples; men; acceptability; Thailand ID TOPICAL MICROBICIDES; HIV; FUTURE; WOMEN; MEN AB Objectives: To evaluate the acceptability of candidate microbicide Carraguard among couples participating in a safety trial. Study design: A 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in sexually active, low-risk couples in Thailand. Methods: Couples who were monogamous, HIV uninfected, and not regular condom users were enrolled. Acceptability data were collected through structured questionnaires at repeated intervals. At the closing study visit, participants were asked questions about hypothetical product characteristics and future use. Compliance with gel use was assessed by questionnaires, coital diaries, and tracking of used and unused applicators. Results: Among 55 enrolled couples, follow up and adherence with gel use were high and sustained, with 80% of women using gel in over 95% of vaginal sex acts. Because acceptability results from Carraguard and placebo arms were similar, they were combined for this analysis. Overall, 92% of women and 83% of men liked the gel somewhat or very much; 66% of women and 72% of men reported increased sexual pleasure with gel use; and 55% of women and 62% of men reported increased frequency of intercourse. Only 15% of women but 43% of men thought that gel could be used without the man knowing. Although men and women had similar views overall, concordance within couples was low, with no kappa coefficients above 0.31. Conclusion: Carraguard gel use was acceptable to low-risk couples in northern Thailand. Reported associations between gel use and increased sexual pleasure and frequency suggest a potential to market microbicide products for both disease prevention and enhancement of pleasure. C1 Thailand MOPH, US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Bangkok 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STDs & Tuberculosis, Atlanta, GA USA. Populat Council, New York, NY 10021 USA. Chiang Rai Reg Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Chiang Rai Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Whitehead, SJ (reprint author), Thailand MOPH, US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, DDC7 Bldg, Bangkok 11000, Thailand. EM svw7@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 14 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 17 BP 2141 EP 2148 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32801086c9 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 114PA UT WOS:000242676900002 PM 17086053 ER PT J AU McCarthy, KM Morgan, J Wannernuehler, KA Mirza, SA Gould, SM Mhlongo, N Moeng, P Maloba, BR Crewe-Brown, HH Brandt, ME Hajjeh, RA AF McCarthy, Kerrigan M. Morgan, Juliette Wannernuehler, Kathleen A. Mirza, Sara A. Gould, Susan M. Mhlongo, Ntombi Moeng, Portia Maloba, Bonnie R. Crewe-Brown, Heather H. Brandt, Mary E. Hajjeh, Rana A. CA Gauteng Cryptococcal Surveillance TI Population-based surveillance for cryptococcosis in an antiretroviral-naive South African province with a high HIV seroprevalence SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; cryptococcosis; surveillance; South Africa ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RECONSTITUTION INFLAMMATORY SYNDROME; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; RISK-FACTORS; SEROTYPE-C; NEOFORMANS; MENINGITIS; DISEASE; GATTII; AIDS AB Objectives: To measure the burden of disease and describe the epidemiology of cryptococcosis in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Design and methods: The study was an active, prospective, laboratory-based, population-based surveillance. An incident case of cryptococcosis was defined as the first isolation by culture of any Cryptococcus species from any clinical specimen, a positive India ink cryptococcal latex agglutination test or a positive histopathology specimen from a Gauteng resident. Cases were identified prospectively at all laboratories in Gauteng. Case report forms were completed using medical record review and patient interview where possible. Results: Between 1 March 2002 and 29 February 2004, 2753 incident cases were identified. The overall incidence rate was 15.6/100000. Among HIV-infected persons, the rate was 95/100000, and among persons living with AIDS 14/1000. Males and children under 15 years accounted for 49 and 0.9% of cases, respectively. The median age was 34 years (range, 1 month-74 years). Almost all cases (97%) presented with meningitis. Antifungal therapy was given to 2460 (89%) cases of which 72% received fluconazole only. In-hospital mortality was 27% (749 cases). Recurrences occurred in 263 (9.5%) incident cases. Factors associated with death included altered mental status, coma or wasting; factors associated with survival included employment in the mining industry, visual changes or headache on presentation. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the high disease burden due to cryptococcosis in an anti retroviral-naive South African population and emphasizes the need to improve early recognition, diagnosis and treatment of the condition. C1 Univ Witwatersrand, Mycol Reference Unit, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, ZA-2000 Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Div Virol & Communicable Dis Surveillance, ZA-2000 Johannesburg, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Chris Hani Baragwanath Lab, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Dept Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP McCarthy, KM (reprint author), Univ Witwatersrand, Mycol Reference Unit, Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Natl Hlth Lab Serv, ZA-2000 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM kerriganm@nicd.ac.za NR 41 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 14 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 17 BP 2199 EP 2206 DI 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3280106d6a PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 114PA UT WOS:000242676900009 PM 17086060 ER PT J AU Okoro, CA Zhong, YN Ford, ES Balluz, LS Strine, TW Mokdad, AH AF Okoro, Catherine A. Zhong, Yuna Ford, Earl S. Balluz, Lina S. Strine, Tara W. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Association between the metabolic syndrome and its components and gait speed among US adults aged 50 years and older: a cross-sectional analysis SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; RISK-FACTORS; FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION; MAINTAINING MOBILITY; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WALKING DISABILITY; DIABETES-MELLITUS; WOMENS HEALTH AB Background: To examine the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and its components and gait speed among older U. S. men and women. Whether these associations are independent of physical activity was also explored. Methods: Eight hundred and thirty-five men and 850 women aged >= 50 years from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 - 2002 were examined. We used the definition of the metabolic syndrome developed by the U. S. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Gait speed was measured with a 6.10-meter timed walk examination. Results: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 40.2% in men and 45.6% in women ( P =.127). The prevalence of gait speed impairment was 29.3% in men and 12.5% in women ( P <.001). No association was found between the metabolic syndrome and gait speed impairment. After including the individual components of the metabolic syndrome in a logistic model adjusted for age and leisure-time physical activity, abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, and high fasting glucose were significantly associated with gait speed impairment among women ( adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26 to 0.89; AOR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.08 to 4.75; and AOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.12 to 3.74, respectively). Further adjustment for race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, arthritis status, and use of an assistive device attenuated these associations; among women, abdominal obesity and low HDL cholesterol remained significantly associated with gait speed impairment ( AOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.76 and AOR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.07 to 5.63, respectively) while the association between hyperglycemia and impaired gait speed attenuated to nonsignificance. Conclusion: Among women, gait speed impairment is associated with low HDL cholesterol and inversely with abdominal obesity. These associations may be sex-dependent and warrant further research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Okoro, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM COkoro@cdc.gov; YZhong1@cdc.gov; EFord@cdc.gov; LBalluz@cdc.gov; TStrine@cdc.gov; AMokdad@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD NOV 14 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 282 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-6-282 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 107IA UT WOS:000242162900001 PM 17105659 ER PT J AU Hetzel, MW Msechu, JJ Goodman, C Lengeler, C Obrist, B Kachur, SP Makemba, A Nathan, R Schulze, A Mshinda, H AF Hetzel, Manuel W. Msechu, June J. Goodman, Catherine Lengeler, Christian Obrist, Brigit Kachur, S. Patrick Makemba, Ahmed Nathan, Rose Schulze, Alexander Mshinda, Hassan TI Decreased availability of antimalarials in the private sector following the policy change from chloroquine to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine in the Kilombero Valley, Tanzania SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MALARIA; TRANSMISSION; IFAKARA; FEVER; AREA AB Background: Malaria control strategies emphasize the need for prompt and effective treatment of malaria episodes. To increase treatment efficacy, Tanzania changed its first-line treatment from chloroquine to sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) in 2001. The effect of this policy change on the availability of antimalarials was studied in rural south-eastern Tanzania. Methods: In 2001 and 2004, the study area was searched for commercial outlets selling drugs and their stocks were recorded. Household information was obtained from the local Demographic Surveillance System. Results: From 2001 to 2004, the number of general shops stocking drugs increased by 15% and the number of drug stores nearly doubled. However, the proportion of general shops stocking antimalarials dropped markedly, resulting in an almost 50% decrease of antimalarial selling outlets. This led to more households being located farther from a treatment source. In 2004, five out of 25 studied villages with a total population of 13,506 (18%) had neither a health facility, nor a shop as source of malaria treatment. Conclusion: While the change to SP resulted in a higher treatment efficacy, it also led to a decreased antimalarial availability in the study area. Although there was no apparent impact on overall antimalarial use, the decline in access may have disproportionately affected the poorest and most remote groups. In view of the imminent policy change to artemisinin-based combination therapy these issues need to be addressed urgently if the benefits of this new class of antimalarials are to be extended to the whole population. C1 Swiss Trop Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. Ifakara Hlth Res & Dev Ctr, Ifakara, Tanzania. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Hlth Policy Unit, London WC1, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US PHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Novartis Fdn Sustainable Dev, Basel, Switzerland. RP Hetzel, MW (reprint author), Swiss Trop Inst, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. EM manuel.hetzel@unibas.ch; jmsechu@udsm.ac.tz; Catherine.Goodman@lshtm.ac.uk; christian.lengeler@unibas.ch; brigit.obrist@unibas.ch; skachur@cdc.gov; makemba_am@yahoo.co.uk; rosenathan2001@yahoo.co.uk; alexander.schulze@novartis.com; hmshinda@ihrdc.or.tz OI Hetzel, Manuel/0000-0002-5285-3254 FU Wellcome Trust [PTA-026-27-0179, 060184] NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 14 PY 2006 VL 5 AR 109 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-5-109 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 107WP UT WOS:000242202000001 PM 17105662 ER PT J AU Lederman, ER Maguire, JD Sumawinata, IW Chand, K Elyazar, I Estiana, L Sismadi, P Bangs, MJ Baird, JK AF Lederman, Edith R. Maguire, Jason D. Sumawinata, Iwa W. Chand, Krisin Elyazar, Iqbal Estiana, Lusi Sismadi, Priyanto Bangs, Michael J. Baird, J. Kevin TI Combined chloroquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine and primaquine against Plasmodium falciparum in Central Java, Indonesia SO MALARIA JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID PLUS SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; IRIAN-JAYA; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUG; MUMBAI BOMBAY; MALARIA; COMBINATION; RESISTANCE; CHILDREN; AMODIAQUINE AB Background: Chloroquine (CQ) or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) monotherapy for Plasmodium falciparum often leads to therapeutic failure in Indonesia. Combining CQ with other drugs, like SP, may provide an affordable, available and effective option where artemisinin-combined therapies ( ACT) are not licensed or are unavailable. Methods: This study compared CQ ( n = 29 subjects) versus CQ + SP ( with or without primaquine; n = 88) for clinical and parasitological cure of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in the Menoreh Hills region of southern Central Java, Indonesia. Gametocyte clearance rates were measured with ( n = 56 subjects) and without ( n = 61) a single 45 mg dose of primaquine (PQ). Results: After 28 days, 58% of subjects receiving CQ had cleared parasitaemia and remained aparasitaemic, compared to 94% receiving CQ combined with SP ( p < 0.001). Msp-2 genotyping permitted reinfection-adjusted cure rates for CQ and CQ combined with SP, 70% and 99%, respectively ( p = 0.0006). Conclusion: Primaquine exerted no apparent affect on cure of asexual stage parasitaemia, but clearly accelerated clearance of gametocytes. CQ combined with SP was safe and well-tolerated with superior efficacy over CQ for P. falciparum parasitaemia in this study. C1 USN Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. LITBANGKES Natl Inst Hlth Res & Dev, Jakarta, Indonesia. Dist Hlth Off, Purworejo, Cent Java, Indonesia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Lederman, ER (reprint author), USN Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. EM erlederman@yahoo.com; jdmaguire@mar.med.navy.mil; krisin@namru2.org; iqbal@namru2.org; erlederman@yahoo.com; psismadi@yahoo.com; bangs_michael@yahoo.com; corporate@vhasia.com.sg NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1475-2875 J9 MALARIA J JI Malar. J. PD NOV 14 PY 2006 VL 5 AR 108 DI 10.1186/1475-2875-5-108 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Infectious Diseases; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 113JT UT WOS:000242594900001 PM 17062168 ER PT J AU Sklaver, BA Manangan, A Bullard, S Svanberg, A Handzel, T AF Sklaver, B. A. Manangan, A. Bullard, S. Svanberg, A. Handzel, T. TI Rapid imagery through kite aerial photography in a complex humanitarian emergency SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB On 11 May 2005, a team from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) acquired the first aerial imagery of a refugee camp using a kite. Their work among Sudanese refugees in Eastern Chad demonstrates the potential of kite aerial photography as a means to acquire rapid imagery in complex humanitarian emergencies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lockheed Martin Informat & Technol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. United Nations High Commiss Refugees, Abeche, Chad. RP Sklaver, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bsklaver@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 27 IS 21 BP 4709 EP 4714 DI 10.1080/01431160600784309 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 120KX UT WOS:000243084700001 ER PT J AU Rekstin, AR Kiseleva, IV Klimov, AI Katz, JM Rudenko, LG AF Rekstin, A. R. Kiseleva, I. V. Klimov, A. I. Katz, J. M. Rudenko, L. G. TI Interferon and other proinflamatory cytokine responses in vitro following infection with wild-type and cold-adapted reassortant influenza viruses SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Influenza Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL St Julians, MALTA ID VACCINES C1 RAMS, Inst Expt Med, Dept Virol, St Petersburg, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rekstin, AR (reprint author), RAMS, Inst Expt Med, Dept Virol, St Petersburg, Russia. EM vaccine@mail.ru RI Rudenko, Larisa/B-5169-2015 OI Rudenko, Larisa/0000-0002-0107-9959 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 44-46 BP 6581 EP 6584 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.091 PG 4 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 111IG UT WOS:000242444000004 PM 16857302 ER PT J AU Lu, XH Edwards, LE Desheva, JA Nguyen, DC Rekstin, A Stephenson, I Szretter, K Cox, NJ Rudenko, LG Klimov, A Katz, JM AF Lu, Xiuhua Edwards, Lindsay E. Desheva, Julia A. Nguyen, Doan C. Rekstin, Andrey Stephenson, Iain Szretter, Kristy Cox, Nancy J. Rudenko, Larisa G. Klimov, Alexander Katz, Jacqueline M. TI Cross-protective immunity in mice induced by live-attenuated or inactivated vaccines against highly pathogenic influenza A (H5N1) viruses SO VACCINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd European Influenza Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL St Julians, MALTA DE influenza H5 vaccines; influenza pandemic; live attenuated vaccine ID HEAT-LABILE ENTEROTOXIN; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRIVALENT; ANTIBODY; ADULTS; VACCINATION; PERSISTENCE; EVOLUTION; RESPONSES; ASIA AB Because of the time required to identify and produce an antigenically well-matched pandemic vaccine, vaccines that offer broader crossreactive immunity and protection are desirable. We have compared a live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) based on a related H5 hemagglutinin (HA) from a nonpathogenic avian influenza virus, A/Duck/Pottsdam/1042-6/86 (H5N2), for the ability to induce cross-reactive immunity and/or cross-protective efficacy against a contemporary highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses. Both LAIV and IIV provided cross-protection from systemic infection, severe disease, and death following lethal challenges with antigenically distinct A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (VN/1203) virus. Substantial levels of serum anti-VN/1203 HA IgG were detected in mice that received either IIV or LAIV, while nasal wash anti-VN/1203 HA IgA was detected in mice that received LAIV Formulation of IIV with alum adjuvant augmented neutralizing antibody responses and protective efficacy. These results demonstrated that vaccination of mice with H5 IIV or LAIV induced a high degree of cross-protection from illness and death following lethal challenges with a heterologous H5N1 virus. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RAMS, Dept Virol, Inst Expt Med, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM JKatz@cdc.gov RI Desheva, Yulia/I-1493-2013; Rudenko, Larisa/B-5169-2015; OI Desheva, Yulia/0000-0001-9794-3520; Rudenko, Larisa/0000-0002-0107-9959; Szretter, Kristy/0000-0003-0391-2307 NR 20 TC 75 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 10 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 44-46 BP 6588 EP 6593 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.039 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 111IG UT WOS:000242444000006 PM 17030078 ER PT J AU Lindley, MC Euler, GL Shimabukuro, T AF Lindley, M. C. Euler, G. L. Shimabukuro, T. TI Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination coverage among persons aged >= 65 years - United States, 2004-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 1065-1068, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lindley, MC (reprint author), CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 8 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 18 BP 2196 EP 2198 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 102QM UT WOS:000241827700010 ER PT J AU Weidle, PJ Wamai, N Solberg, P Liechty, C Sendagala, S Were, W Mermin, J Buchacz, K Behumbiize, P Ransom, RL Bunnell, R AF Weidle, Paul J. Wamai, Nafuna Solberg, Peter Liechty, Cheryl Sendagala, Sam Were, Willy Mermin, Jonathan Buchacz, Kate Behumbiize, Prosper Ransom, Ray L. Bunnell, Rebecca TI Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a home-based AIDS care programme in rural Uganda SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SOUTH-AFRICA; DRUG-RESISTANCE; EXPERIENCE; KHAYELITSHA; OUTCOMES; ADULTS; COUNT AB Background Poverty and limited health services in rural Africa present barriers to adherence to antiretroviral therapy that necessitate innovative options other than facility-based methods for delivery and monitoring of such therapy. We assessed adherence to antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of HIV-infected people in a home-based AIDS care programme that provides the therapy and other AIDS care, prevention, and support services in rural Uganda. Methods HIV-infected individuals with advanced HIV disease or a CD4-cell count of less than 250 cells per mu L were eligible for antiretroviral therapy. Adherence interventions included group education, personal adherence plans developed with trained counsellors, a medicine companion, and weekly home delivery of antiretroviral therapy by trained lay field officers. We analysed factors associated with pill count adherence (PCA) of less than 95%, medication possession ratio (MPR) of less than 95%, and HIV viral load of 1000 copies per mL or more at 6 months (second quarter) and 12 months (fourth quarter) of follow-up. Findings 987 adults who had received no previous antiretroviral therapy (median CD4-cell count 124 cells per mu L, median viral load 217 000 copies per mL) were enrolled between July, 2003, and May, 2004. PICA of less than 95% was calculated for 0.7-2.6% of participants in any quarter and MPR of less than 95% for 3.3-11.1%. Viral load was below 1000 copies per mL for 894 (98%) of 913 participants in the second quarter and for 860 (96%) of 894 of participants in the fourth quarter. In separate multivariate models, viral load of at least 1000 copies per mL was associated with both PICA below 95% (second quarter odds ratio 10.6 [95% CI 2.45-45.7]; fourth quarter 14.5 [2.51-83.6]) and MPR less than 95% (second quarter 9.44 [3.40-26.2]; fourth quarter 10.5 [4.22-25.9]). Interpretation Good adherence and response to antiretroviral therapy can be achieved in a home-based AIDS care Programme in a resource-limited rural African setting. Health-care systems must continue to implement, evaluate, and modify interventions to overcome barriers to comprehensive AIDS care programmes, especially the barriers to adherence with antiretroviral therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Global Programme AIDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Weidle, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pweidle@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 30 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 1 U2 8 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 4 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9547 BP 1587 EP 1594 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69118-6 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 107OM UT WOS:000242180900028 PM 17084759 ER PT J AU Swahn, MH Donovan, JE AF Swahn, Monica H. Donovan, John E. TI Alcohol and violence: Comparison of the psychosocial correlates of adolescent involvement in alcohol-related physical fighting versus other physical fighting SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE adolescents; youth; violence; fighting; correlates ID SUBSTANCE USE; RISK-FACTORS; AGGRESSION; DRINKING; DRINKERS; PREDICTORS; ADULTHOOD; BEHAVIORS; INJURIES; STUDENTS AB This study examined the demographic and psychosocial correlates of alcohol-related physical fighting and other physical fighting to determine if the predictors for aggressive behaviors are similar or different when alcohol is involved. Analyses were based on the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health which is a nationally representative school based sample of adolescents in grades 7 through 12 (N=18,924). The current analyses were restricted to current drinkers who could be grouped into three categories of involvement in physical fights (n=8866): no fighting; fighting not related to alcohol use; fighting related to alcohol use. Regression models were computed using a backward-elimination procedure. Overall, 38% of adolescent drinkers reported fighting, including 12% who reported alcohol-related fighting and 26% who reported other physical fighting. Non-Hispanic African-American adolescents were most likely to report other physical fighting (37.1%) but they were least likely to report alcohol-related fighting (8.2%). The correlates of alcohol-related fighting differed by age and race/ethnicity. Moreover, since the correlates of alcohol-related fighting pertain mostly to the frequency and quantity of alcohol use and to having alcohol-related problems, prevention efforts that seek to reduce alcohol use or delay alcohol use initiation may also reduce alcohol-related fighting. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Western Psychiat Inst & Clin, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Swahn, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Mailstop K 50,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mswahn@cdc.gov RI Swahn, Monica/A-7545-2009 OI Swahn, Monica/0000-0002-6663-3885 FU NICHD NIH HHS [P01-HD31921] NR 34 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 31 IS 11 BP 2014 EP 2029 DI 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.02.001 PG 16 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 102MF UT WOS:000241815200006 PM 16571368 ER PT J AU Han, B Jylha, M AF Han, B. Jylha, M. TI Improvement in depressive symptoms and changes in self-rated health among community-dwelling disabled older adults SO AGING & MENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY; MORTALITY; OUTCOMES; PEOPLE; PREDICTORS; DECLINE; GENDER; WOMEN AB This study investigated the association between improvement in depressive symptoms and changes in self-rated health among community-dwelling disabled older adults over time. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied using the 1993 and 1995 Assets and Health Dynamics among the Oldest-Old Survey data. Changes in depressive symptoms and changes in self-rated health clearly coincide. Among participants with functional disability in 1993 and 1995, a decrease in depressive symptoms was associated with decreased odds of having decline in self-rated health ( odds ratio [ OR], 0.85; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 0.78 - 0.93) and was associated with increased odds of having improvement in self-rated health ( OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.04 - 1.27). Similar results were also found among participants with no functional disability in 1993 and with functional disability in 1995. Among community-dwelling older adults who remained disabled at follow-up or who experienced disability only at follow-up, even just a small decrease in depressive symptoms was associated with increased odds of having improvement in self-rated health and with decreased risks of having decline in self-rated health. Reducing the number of symptoms of depression among these disabled older adults would be beneficial in improving their self-rated health as well as maintaining and promoting their quality of life. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Tampere, Tampere Sch Publ Hlth, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. RP Han, B (reprint author), 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3409, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM hih9@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1360-7863 J9 AGING MENT HEALTH JI Aging Ment. Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 599 EP 605 DI 10.1080/13607860600641077 PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 102BZ UT WOS:000241787100005 PM 17046796 ER PT J AU Hoff, CC Pals, SL Purcell, DW Parsons, JT Halkitis, PN Remien, RH Gomez, C AF Hoff, Colleen C. Pals, Sherri L. Purcell, David W. Parsons, Jeffrey T. Halkitis, Perry N. Remien, Robert H. Gomez, Cynthia TI Examining the role of partner status in an HIV prevention trial targeting HIV-positive gay and bisexual men: the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial (SUMIT) SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE gay couples; HIV-positive MSM; prevention intervention ID SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; INFLUENCING CONDOM USE; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SUBSTANCE USE; SAFER SEX; TRANSMISSION; AIDS; DISCORDANT; INFECTION; COMMUNITY AB The goal of this analysis was to examine whether partner status impacted behavioral outcomes from the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial (SUMIT). We contrasted sample characteristics of HIV-positive gay and bisexual men with and without main partners and then examined differences in sexual behaviors among men participating in an enhanced HIV prevention intervention compared to those in a standard condition. Logistic regression analyses were performed to differentiate characteristics of men with and without main partners and mixed-model logistic regression analyses were performed to test for intervention effects. Men with main partners showed a greater likelihood of having unprotected anal sex with any partner, although the number of male sexual partners was higher for men without a main partner. SUMIT generally produced few differences in sexual risk behaviors and did not affect several potential mediator variables of the relationship between the intervention and sexual behaviors with main and nonmain partners. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, CAPS, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. RP Hoff, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, CAPS, 50 Beale St,Suite 1300, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM colleen.hoff@ucsf.edu OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH043520]; PHS HHS [UR3/CCU216471, U62/CCU913557] NR 45 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 637 EP 648 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9077-7 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 097MN UT WOS:000241452100003 PM 16673158 ER PT J AU Wilkinson, JD Zhao, W Santibanez, S Arnsten, J Knowlton, A Gomez, CA Metsch, LR AF Wilkinson, James D. Zhao, Wei Santibanez, Scott Arnsten, Julia Knowlton, Amy Gomez, Cynthia A. Metsch, Lisa R. CA INSPIRE Study Grp TI Providers' HIV prevention discussions with HIV-seropositive injection drug users SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; substance abuse, intravenous; primary health care; prevention and control ID SAFER-SEX; MULTICLINIC ASSESSMENT; COUNSELING PRACTICES; CARE SETTINGS; RISK BEHAVIOR; MEDICAL-CARE; PHYSICIANS; TRANSMISSION; INTERVENTION; ADHERENCE AB Public health agencies have recommended incorporating HIV prevention counseling into the medical care of persons living with HIV/AIDS. Injection drug users (IDUs) especially need HIV risk-reduction counseling because of their high risk for HIV transmission through both sexual and injection behaviors. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of, and patient factors associated with, the delivery of HIV prevention messages to HIV-seropositive IDUs in primary care settings. A majority of participants reported having an HIV prevention discussion with their provider during their most recent primary care visit. Factors significantly associated with report of such discussion were being Hispanic or non-Hispanic Black; high school education or less; and better perception of engagement with provider. Medical providers should provide prevention messages to all HIV-seropositive IDUs, regardless of demographic factors. Effective HIV prevention interventions in primary care settings, including interventions to improve patient-provider communication, are needed for HIV-seropositive IDUs. C1 Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB, Atlanta, GA USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav & Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Wilkinson, JD (reprint author), Univ Miami, Miller Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 1801 NW 9th,Suite 200, Miami, FL 33136 USA. EM jwilkins@med.miami.edu OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 FU PHS HHS [U50CCU317999] NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 699 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9088-4 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 097MN UT WOS:000241452100009 PM 16639542 ER PT J AU Mansergh, G Naorat, S Jommaroeng, R Jenkins, RA Stall, R Jeeyapant, S Phanuphak, P Tappero, JW van Griensven, F AF Mansergh, Gordon Naorat, Sathapana Jommaroeng, Rapeepun Jenkins, Richard A. Stall, Ronald Jeeyapant, Supaporn Phanuphak, Praphan Tappero, Jordan W. van Griensven, Frits TI Inconsistent condom use with steady and casual partners and associated factors among sexually-active men who have sex with men in Bangkok, Thailand SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE men who have sex with men (MSM); sexual risk; sex partners; Bangkok; Thailand ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; NORTHERN THAILAND; HIV-INFECTION; RISK BEHAVIOR; DRUG-USE; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; DIVERSE SAMPLE; SELF-TREATMENT; YOUNG MEN AB HIV/STD risk behavior has not been examined in community samples of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Thailand. The sexually-active sample (n=927) was recruited from bars, saunas, and parks; 20% identified as bisexual and 17% tested HIV-positive. Inconsistent (< 100%) condom use was reported by 45% of those with steady partners and 21% of those with casual partners in the prior three months. 21% had heard of effective HIV treatments (n=194), among whom 44% believed HIV was less serious and 36% said their risk behavior had increased after hearing about the treatments. In multivariate analysis, HIV-positive status, gay-identification, getting most HIV information from the radio, believing HIV can be transmitted by mosquito bite, and concern about acquiring an STD were associated with inconsistent condom use during anal sex; slightly older age (25-29 vs. 18-24 years) was associated with more consistent condom use. HIV/STD risk-reduction strategies for MSM in Bangkok should clearly state sexual risk to individuals in this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US CDC Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Thai Red Cross Soc, AIDS Res Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand. Rainbow Sky Org, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Mansergh, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gcm2@cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 42 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 10 IS 6 BP 743 EP 751 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9108-4 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 097MN UT WOS:000241452100014 PM 16715348 ER PT J AU Davies, G Koenig, LJ Stratford, D Palmore, M Bush, T Golde, M Malatino, E Todd-Turner, M Ellerbrock, TV AF Davies, G. Koenig, L. J. Stratford, D. Palmore, M. Bush, T. Golde, M. Malatino, E. Todd-Turner, M. Ellerbrock, T. V. TI Overview and implementation of an intervention to prevent adherence failure among HIV-infected adults initiating antiretroviral therapy: Lessons learned from Project HEART SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID COHORT; BARRIERS AB Project HEART, an acronym for Helping Enhance Adherence to Retroviral Therapy, was a prospective, controlled study to develop, implement, and evaluate a clinic-based behavioural intervention to prevent adherence failure among HIV-infected adults beginning their first highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) regimen (N = 227). In this paper, we describe the conceptualisation of the Project HEART adherence intervention, characteristics of the participants, and lessons learned implementing HEART in an inner-city clinic setting. A multi-component intervention, HEART combined enhanced education, reminders, adherence feedback, social support and adherence-focused problem solving in an integrated manner to address common cognitive, motivational, and social barriers to adherence. Unique components of the intervention included use of participant-identified adherence support partners and a standardized adherence barriers assessment to develop and implement individualised adherence plans. Lessons learned regarding the feasibility of using participant-identified support partners were as follows. Few participants eligible for the study had trouble identifying a support partner. Over 90% of support partners attended at least one intervention visit. Support partners were most available and amenable to participate early in the initiation of therapy. Participants' experiences as the 'supported' partner were generally positive. Though many participants faced barriers not easily addressed by this intervention ( for example, housing instability), formally integrating support partners into the intervention helped to address many other common adherence barriers. Family and friends are an under-utilised resource in HIV medication adherence. Enlisting the help of support partners is a practical and economical approach to adherence counselling. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Florida, Dept Anthropol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Davies, G (reprint author), Posit Impact, 139 Ralph McGill Blvd,Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM gdavies@emory.edu FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU414932] NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD NOV PY 2006 VL 18 IS 8 BP 895 EP 903 DI 10.1080/09540120500329556 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 089FY UT WOS:000240866900005 PM 17012078 ER PT J AU Koblin, BA Torian, L Xu, G Guilin, V Makki, H Mackellar, D Valleroy, L AF Koblin, B. A. Torian, L. Xu, G. Guilin, V. Makki, H. Mackellar, D. Valleroy, L. TI Violence and HIV-related risk among young men who have sex with men SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; ASSOCIATION; ABUSE; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; BEHAVIOR AB Limited research has been conducted on threats or violence by family members and sexual partners against young men who have sex with men (MSM). Young MSM, aged 15 - 22 years, who attended public venues in New York City were enrolled in an anonymous, cross-sectional HIV seroprevalence and risk-behavior study. About two-thirds ( 68%) of the young MSM reported ever experiencing threats or violence from either family or partners and 25% reported threats or violence by both family and partners. In multivariate analysis, threats or violence by partners was significantly associated with older age, a history of forced sex and a history of running away from home. Recent unprotected anal sex and club drug use were significantly associated with a history of threats or violence by both family and partners. HIV prevention interventions need to include multiple factors that may have an impact on risk, including substance use and abuse, anti-violence and other mental-health issues. C1 New York Blood Ctr, Lab Infect Dis Prevent, New York, NY 10021 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koblin, BA (reprint author), New York Blood Ctr, Lab Infect Dis Prevent, 310 E 67th St, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM bkoblin@nybloodcenter.org FU PHS HHS [062/CCU206208-07] NR 19 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD NOV PY 2006 VL 18 IS 8 BP 961 EP 967 DI 10.1080/09540120500467182 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 089FY UT WOS:000240866900013 PM 17012086 ER PT J AU Guzman, R Buchbinder, S Mansergh, G Vittinghoff, E Marks, G Wheeler, S Colfax, GN AF Guzman, R. Buchbinder, S. Mansergh, G. Vittinghoff, E. Marks, G. Wheeler, S. Colfax, G. N. TI Communication of HIV viral load to guide sexual risk decisions with serodiscordant partners among San Francisco men who have sex with men SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; BISEXUAL MEN; RNA LEVELS; YOUNG MEN; GAY MEN; COMBINATION THERAPIES; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; BEHAVIOR INCREASES AB The objective of this study was to estimate frequency and correlates of discussing HIV viral load (VL) with serodiscordant sex partners to guide decisions about sexual activities among men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 573 San Francisco MSM. Among 507 who knew their HIV status, 397 (78%) were familiar with the term 'viral load', and half (n = 199) had a serodiscordant partner in the prior year. These 199 respondents (n = 130 [65%] HIV-positive; n = 69 [35%] HIV-negative) were the focus of this analysis. A majority (n = 111, 56%) discussed VL in the prior year with serodiscordant partners specifically to guide decisions about sexual risk behaviour. Discussion was more common among HIV-positive than HIV-negative participants (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6 - 7.6), and African Americans compared to whites (AOR, 3.7; 95% CI, 1.5 - 9.5). HIV-negative men who discussed VL were more concerned about becoming infected, but also more willing to engage in risky behaviour with a partner whose VL is undetectable, than men not discussing VL. Some HIV-negative men may be discussing VL to engage in higher risk behaviour upon learning of an HIV-positive partner's undetectable VL. Interventions targeting MSM should explain that while risk of transmission is likely reduced with a low blood plasma VL, it is not necessarily eliminated. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Stat Epidemiol & Intervent Sect, AIDS Off, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Guzman, R (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Stat Epidemiol & Intervent Sect, AIDS Off, 25 Van Ness Ave,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM robert.guzman@sfdph.org FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU914930] NR 54 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 3 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD NOV PY 2006 VL 18 IS 8 BP 983 EP 989 DI 10.1080/09540120500497908 PG 7 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 089FY UT WOS:000240866900016 PM 17012089 ER PT J AU Patel, P Taylor, MM Montoya, JA Hamburger, ME Kerndt, PR Holmberg, SD AF Patel, P. Taylor, M. M. Montoya, J. A. Hamburger, M. E. Kerndt, P. R. Holmberg, S. D. TI Circuit parties: Sexual behaviors and HIV disclosure practices among men who have sex with men at the White Party, Palm Springs, California, 2003 SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID ORAL-TRANSMISSION; SAN-FRANCISCO; RISK BEHAVIOR; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY AB The syphilis epidemic among men who have sex with men (MSM) in major US cities and concomitant increases in high-risk sexual behavior, have raised concerns of increased HIV transmission in this population. Therefore, to provide information for health promotion and disease awareness efforts, we investigated sexual behaviors, partner selection preferences and HIV serostatus disclosure practices of MSM at the White Party in Palm Springs, California. Circuit party attendees reported engaging in unprotected anal sex, however, a high proportion reported disclosing their HIV status. These findings suggest that some gay men are serosorting as a risk reduction strategy or implementing sexual risk reduction strategies to protect themselves and their partners. In our study, HIV-negative men were nine times more likely to report a preference for a seroconcordant sexual partner. The self-protecting attitudes of HIV-negative men in our sample outweighed the partner-protecting attitudes of HIV-positive men. This suggests that prevention interventions focusing on HIV-positive persons are warranted. C1 NCHSTP, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Patel, P (reprint author), NCHSTP, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM plp3@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD NOV PY 2006 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1046 EP 1049 DI 10.1080/09540120600580967 PG 4 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 089FY UT WOS:000240866900025 PM 17012098 ER PT J AU Wu, AW Snyder, CF Huang, IC Skolasky, R McGruder, HF Celano, SA Selnes, OA Andrade, AS AF Wu, Albert W. Snyder, Claire F. Huang, I-Chan Skolasky, Richard McGruder, Henraya F. Celano, Shivaun A. Selnes, Ola A. Andrade, Adriana S. TI A randomized trial of the impact of a programmable medication reminder device on quality of life in patients with AIDS SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-INFECTION; CLINICAL-TRIAL; HEALTH SURVEY; ADHERENCE; OUTCOMES; ZIDOVUDINE; MEN AB This 6-month randomized controlled trial evaluated the impact on quality of life (QOL) of a medication reminder device for patients with HIV. Patients were eligible if they had taken three or fewer highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimens or were treatment naive. The intervention group received the Disease Management Assistance System (DMAS), a prompting device that verbally reminds patients at medication times and electronically records doses, and a monthly 30 minute adherence educational session. Controls received education only. QOL was measured at baseline and 6 months using the Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), Intrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), and the Medical Outcomes Study HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV). At baseline, 62 patients completed surveys (31 control, 31 DMAS); at month 6, 48 patients completed surveys (23 control, 25 DMAS). At month 6, controls had improved QOL scores for CES-D, IADLs, physical health, general health, pain, QOL, and role functioning, while participants in the DMAS arm had some deterioration in QOL scores. These differences persisted after controlling for demographics, baseline CD4, and adherence. DMAS was associated with improved adherence but decreased QOL. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Florida, Sch Med, Gainesville, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wu, AW (reprint author), Hlth Serv Res & Dev Ctr, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM awu@jhsph.edu OI Skolasky, Richard/0000-0002-2598-4427 NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD NOV PY 2006 VL 20 IS 11 BP 773 EP 781 DI 10.1089/apc.2006.20.773 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 114FJ UT WOS:000242651800005 PM 17134351 ER PT J AU Cheng, YLJ Gregg, EW Kahn, HS Williams, DE De Rekeneire, N Narayan, KMV AF Cheng, Yiling J. Gregg, Edward W. Kahn, Henry S. Williams, Desmond E. De Rekeneire, Nathalie Narayan, K. M. Venkat TI Peripheral insensate neuropathy - A tall problem for US adults? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aging; body composition; data collection; diabetes mellitus; peripheral nervous system diseases ID DIABETIC-NEUROPATHY; RISK-FACTORS; SENSORY NEUROPATHY; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; FOOT ULCERATION; PREVALENCE; HEIGHT; POPULATION; COMPLICATIONS; PEOPLE AB The relation between height and lower extremity peripheral insensate neuropathy among persons with and without diabetes was examined by use of the 1999-2002 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with 5,229 subjects aged 40 or more years. A monofilament was used to determine whether any of three areas on each foot were insensate. Peripheral insensate neuropathy was defined as the presence of one or more insensate areas. Its prevalence was nearly twice as high among persons with diabetes (21.2%) as among those without diabetes (11.5%; p < 0.001). Men (16.2%) had 1.7 times the prevalence of peripheral insensate neuropathy as did women (9.4%), but the difference was not significant after adjustment for height. Greater height was associated with increased peripheral insensate neuropathy prevalence among persons with and without diabetes (p < 0.001). This association was characterized by a sharp increase in prevalence among persons who were taller than 175.5 cm. Peripheral insensate neuropathy risk was significantly higher among those taller than 175.5 cm (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.5, 3.5). The authors conclude that body height is an important correlate of peripheral insensate neuropathy. This association largely accounts for the difference in peripheral insensate neuropathy prevalence between men and women. Height may help health-care providers to identify persons at high risk of peripheral insensate neuropathy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Technol Support Contract, Div Diabet Translat, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot,US Dept Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cheng, YLJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Technol Support Contract, Div Diabet Translat, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot,US Dept Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ycc1@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 28 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 9 BP 873 EP 880 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj281 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097FI UT WOS:000241432000008 PM 16905646 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, BH Wortley, PM Winston, CA Washington, ML Lindley, MC Sapsis, K AF Bardenheier, Barbara H. Wortley, Pascale M. Winston, Carla A. Washington, Michael L. Lindley, Megan C. Sapsis, Karena TI Do patterns of knowledge and attitudes exist among unvaccinated seniors? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Conference of the American-Academy-of-Health-Behavior (AAHB) CY MAR 05-08, 2006 CL Carmel, CA SP Amer Acad Hlth Behav DE immunization; cluster analysis; knowledge; attitudes; and behaviors; influenza; aging ID VACCINATION; INFLUENZA; ADULTS; OLDER AB Objective: To examine patterns of knowledge and attitudes among adults aged > 65 years unvaccinated for influenza. Methods: Surveyed Medicare beneficiaries in 5 areas; clustered unvaccinated seniors by their immunization-related knowledge and attitudes. Results: Identified 4 clusters: Potentials (45%) would receive influenza vaccine to prevent disease; Fearful Uninformeds (9%) were unsure if influenza vaccine causes illness; Doubters (27%) were unsure if vaccine is efficacious; Misinformeds (19%) believed influenza vaccine causes illness. More Potentials (75%) and Misinformeds (70%) ever received influenza vaccine than did Fearful Uninformeds (18%) and Doubters (29%). Conclusion: Findings suggest that cluster analyses may be useful in identifying groups for targeted health messages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bardenheier, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA USA. EM bfb7@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 675 EP 683 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 104ZJ UT WOS:000241998800013 PM 17096624 ER PT J AU Ananian, CAD Wilcox, S Abbott, J Vrazel, J Ramsey, C Sharpe, P Brady, T AF Ananian, Cheryl A. Der Wilcox, Sara Abbott, Jill Vrazel, JoEllen Ramsey, Cornelia Sharpe, Patricia Brady, Teresa TI The exercise experience in adults with arthritis: A qualitative approach SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Conference of the American-Academy-of-Health-Behavior (AAHB) CY MAR 05-08, 2006 CL Carmel, CA SP Amer Acad Hlth Behav DE arthritis; rheumatic disease; physical activity; exercise ID SENIORS TRIAL FAST; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; OLDER ADULTS; HEALTH; PARTICIPATION; PREVENTION; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT AB Objective: To examine perceptions of exercise prior to arthritis, the ways in which arthritis affects exercise behavior, and current exercise behaviors in people with arthritis. Methods: Qualitative analyses were used to identify themes in 12 focus groups segmented by exercise status, education, and race. Results. Nonexercisers identified arthritis as a factor in exercise cessation. Exercisers described making changes in type, duration, intensity, and approach to exercise after diagnosis. Exercisers also described participating in a wide range of activities, whereas nonexercisers primarily cited walking. Conclusions: Intervention and marketing strategies should focus on different capabilities of exercisers and nonexercisers to modify exercise routines to accommodate arthritis. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Comprehens Canc Ctr, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Exercise Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot Educ & Behav, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Prevent Res Ctr, Columbia, SC USA. Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arthritis Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ananian, CAD (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Inst Hlth Res & Policy, M-C 275,1747 W Roosevelt Rd,Rm 558, Chicago, IL 60608 USA. EM cderanan@uic.edu NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD NOV-DEC PY 2006 VL 30 IS 6 BP 731 EP 744 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 104ZJ UT WOS:000241998800018 ER PT J AU Caruso, CC Bushnell, T Eggerth, D Heitmann, A Kojola, B Newman, K Rosa, RR Sauter, SL Vila, B AF Caruso, Claire C. Bushnell, Tim Eggerth, Donald Heitmann, Anneke Kojola, Bill Newman, Katharine Rosa, Roger R. Sauter, Steven L. Vila, Bryan TI Long working hours, safety, and health: Toward a National Research Agenda SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Long Working Hours CY APR 29-30, 2004 CL Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD SP Univ Maryland Sch Nursing, Work & hlth Res Ctr, NIOSH HO Univ Maryland DE overtime; work hours; work schedule; shift work; circadian rhythms; sleep; work schedule tolerance; workload; occupational diseases; occupational exposure; occupational injuries; occupational research agenda; fatigue; stress ID SHIFT-WORK; RISK-FACTORS; EXTENDED WORKSHIFTS; OVERTIME WORK; SLEEP; SCHEDULE; INTERNS; LABOR; INTERVENTION; PERFORMANCE AB Background A significant and growing number of people work long hours. Research examining impacts is limited, but raises concerns about risks to the worker, the family, the employer, and the community. The purpose of this report, which is authored by the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA) Long Work Hours Team, is to motivate and guide future research by proposing a framework for studying long work hours and discussing research gaps. Methods The NORA Long Work Hours Team examined research reports and literature reviews, and gathered input from a conference on long work hours organized by the Team and faculty from University of Maryland Results and. Conclusion A framework is proposed for long work hours, including determinants, outcomes, and moderating factors of long work hours, suggesting that studies need to include more clear and complete descriptions of work schedules, worker characteristics, and the work environment, and need to consider a wider range of possible health, safety, social and economic outcomes for workers, families, employers, and the community. Additional studies are needed on vulnerable employee groups and those critical to public safety. More studies are also needed to develop interventions and test their effectiveness. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Circadian Technol Inc, Stoneham, MA USA. AFL CIO, Occupat Safety & Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Bur Labor Stat, Occupat Safety & Hlth Stat Progra, Washington, DC USA. NIOSH, Washington, DC USA. Washington State Univ, Criminal Justice Program, Spokane, WA USA. RP Caruso, CC (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ccaruso@cdc.gov NR 77 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 16 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 49 IS 11 BP 930 EP 942 DI 10.1002/ajim.20373 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 096SO UT WOS:000241397300007 PM 16948157 ER PT J AU Grosch, JW Caruso, CC Rosa, RR Sauter, SL AF Grosch, James W. Caruso, Claire C. Rosa, Roger R. Sauter, Steven L. TI Long hours of work in the US: Associations with demographic and organizational characteristics, psychosocial working conditions, and health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Long Working Hours CY APR 29-30, 2004 CL Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD SP Univ Maryland Sch Nursing, Work & hlth Res Ctr, NIOSH HO Univ Maryland DE overtime; hours of work; General Social Survey; psychosocial working conditions; physical and mental health; occupational injury ID SCHEDULE CHARACTERISTICS; OVERTIME; RISK; DISORDERS; ILLNESSES; WORKHOURS; INJURIES; NURSES AB Background There are relatively few studies of large national databases that contain information on working hours and health. The current study involved an analysis of data from a quality of work life (QWL) module developed for the 2002 General Social Survey. This module collected work and health data from a representative sample of the U.S. population (N = 1, 744). Methods Descriptive analyses were conducted for five groups based on total hours worked per week: part-time (1-34 hr/week), full-time (35-40 hr/week), lower overtime (41-48 hr/week), medium overtime (49-69 hr/week), and higher overtime (70+ hr/week). Multiple logistic regression examined the association between these five categories and several measures of health and well-being. Results Compared to full-time workers, the three groups of overtime workers were more likely to be male, white, and middle-aged, with higher levels of education and income. They were also more likely to be self-employed, salaried, work as independent contractors, have more than one job, and work split/irregular/on-call shifts. Although overtime work was characterized by higher levels of job stress and perceptions of overwork, it was also associated with increased levels of participation in decision making and opportunities to develop special abilities. Several significant associations emerged between hours of work and measures of health and well-being, particularly for respondents in the higherovertime group (70+ hr/week). Conclusion Overtime workers differ from their part-time and full-time counterparts in several important areas. Some of these differences tended to increase with the number of overtime hours worked, suggesting a linear relationship. However, caution is warranted before generalizing the results of this study to specific occupations or workplaces. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Washington, DC USA. RP Grosch, JW (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jkg9@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 4 U2 27 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 49 IS 11 BP 943 EP 952 DI 10.1002/ajim.20388 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 096SO UT WOS:000241397300008 PM 17036350 ER PT J AU Kenneson, A Kolor, K Yang, QH Olney, RS Rasmussen, SA Friedman, JM AF Kenneson, Aileen Kolor, Katherine Yang, Quanhe Olney, Richard S. Rasmussen, Sonja A. Friedman, J. M. TI Trends and racial disparities in muscular dystrophy deaths in the United States, 1983-1998: An analysis of multiple cause mortality data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE muscular dystrophy; dystrophinopathy; Duchenne muscular dystrophy; mortality; X-linked ID NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS; DUCHENNE; PREVALENCE; EXPERIENCE; DIAGNOSIS AB To identify trends and patterns associated with muscular dystrophy (MD)-associated deaths, we analyzed population-based data from death certificates in the Multiple Cause Mortality Files compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics. From 1983 to 1998, 14,499 deaths in the United States were associated with ICD-9 codes for MD. The mortality rate for MD in the general U.S. population over this time period was 0.365 per 100,000 persons per year. Stratification by age at death revealed a trimodal distribution with peaks at 0, 17, and 62 years. The male-to-female ratio varied with age at death; a pattern consistent with a mixture of autosomal and X-linked MDs with different prognoses. Deaths related to MD appeared to be equally divided between presumed autosomal and X-linked MDs. The mortality rate was higher in Whites than in Blacks, for both autosomal and X-linked MDs. The median age at death was lower in Blacks than Whites for both males and females. Cardiac complications were more commonly noted among MD-associated deaths in Blacks (38.9%) than Whites (28.6%). Respiratory infections were noted in about 20% of MD-associated deaths and were more common in winter than summer months. Potential reasons for the racial differences include differences in prevalence rates, rates of diagnosis, and reporting on death certificates. Additional studies are needed to resolve these issues. Challenges in the interpretation of these data include the lack of ICD-9 codes specific for individual MDs and potential recording biases in underlying cause of death and contributing factors. We also present a method for estimating autosomal and X-linked contributions to the overall mortality rate of a genetically heterogeneous condition such as MD. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Kenneson, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM akenneson@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD NOV 1 PY 2006 VL 140A IS 21 BP 2289 EP 2297 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.31437 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 103SF UT WOS:000241906300003 PM 17022078 ER PT J AU Tolosa, JE Chaithongwongwatthana, S Daly, S Maw, WW Gaitan, H Lumbiganon, P Festin, M Chipato, T Sauvarin, J Goldenberg, RL Andrews, WW Whitney, CG AF Tolosa, Jorge E. Chaithongwongwatthana, Surasith Daly, Sean Maw, Win Win Gaitan, Hernando Lumbiganon, Pisake Festin, Mario Chipato, Tsungai Sauvarin, Josephine Goldenberg, Robert L. Andrews, William W. Whitney, Cynthia G. TI The International Infections in Pregnancy (IIP) study: Variations in the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and distribution of morphotypes in vaginal smears among pregnant women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bacterial vaginosis; prevalence; international ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; SCORING SYSTEM; DIAGNOSIS; TRACT; HIV; INTERLEUKIN-1-ALPHA; ASSOCIATIONS; RELIABILITY; ENDOTOXIN; TRIAL AB Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and the distribution of associated morphotypes among asymptomatic pregnant women in different countries. Study design: In 8 institutions participating in the Global Network for Perinatal and Reproductive Health (www.gnprh.org) from July 1999 to September 2001, 1466 women were enrolled. Vaginal smears were Gram stained and scored with Nugent's method at a reference laboratory. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and bacterial morphotype distributions were compared. Results: Overall, 12.3% of women had bacterial vaginosis according to Nugent's criteria. Zimbabwe had the highest prevalence (24.4%) when compared with all other sites, except Myanmar (P < .05). Among bacterial vaginosis cases, 98.9% of vaginal smears had more than 30 Gardnerella/Bacteroides morphotypes present per oil immersion field. Individual centers showed significant differences in the number of Mobiluncus and lactobacillus morphotypes (P < .01). Conclusion: The prevalence,of bacterial vaginosis and distribution of bacterial morphotypes in vaginal smears among asymptomatic pregnant women vary significantly in populations from different countries. (c) 2006 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ Global Network Perinatal &, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, Philadelphia, PA USA. Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Fac Med, King Chulalongkorn Mem Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. Coombe Womens Hosp, Dublin, Ireland. Inst Med, Dept Microbiol, Yangon, Myanmar. Univ Nacl Colombia, Inst Materno Infantil, Bogota, Colombia. Khon Kaen Univ, Fac Med, Khon Kaen, Thailand. Univ Philippines, Manila, Philippines. Univ Zimbabwe, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Harare, Zimbabwe. Populat Council, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Alabama, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tolosa, JE (reprint author), Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Maternal Fetal Med, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pk Rd,L-458, Portland, OR 97201 USA. EM tolosaj@ohsu.edu RI Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Medicine/A-3133-2009 NR 26 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 195 IS 5 BP 1198 EP 1204 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2006.08.016 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 105MZ UT WOS:000242035700003 PM 17074543 ER PT J AU Librett, JJ Yore, MM Schmid, TL AF Librett, John J. Yore, Michelle M. Schmid, Thomas L. TI Characteristics of physical activity levels among trail users in a US national sample SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RESEARCH AGENDA; NEIGHBORHOOD ENVIRONMENT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RAIL-TRAIL; LAND-USE; WALKING; INTERVENTIONS; CONVENIENCE; ACCESS; IMPACT AB Background: The Task Force on Community Preventive Services strongly recommends environmental interventions that include enhanced access to opportunities for physical activity, such as walking and cycling trails. Although accumulating evidence indicates that trails can be effective in increasing physical activity, little is known about trail users. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of a national sample of 3717 adults from the HealthStyles and ConsumerStyles surveys using logistic regression to determine physical activity patterns and sociodemographic correlates related to trail use, and to identify support regarding trail development policies. Results: Almost 13% (12.7%) of the sample reported using trails at least once a month and 24.3% at least once a week. People who reported using trails at least once a week were twice as likely than people who reported rarely or never using trails to meet physical activity recommendations (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.9-2.8). Nearly half (43.6%) of the non-trail users supported expanded public spaces for people to exercise, and 36.4% of the non-trail users reported that they would be willing to pay more taxes to build more parks and trails in their community. Conclusions: Community trails facilitate physical activity, and almost half of frequent trail users report that access to trails and other green space is important in choosing a place to live. These results support the need for prospective research on whether newly built trails promote physical activity in previously inactive people. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Parks Recreat & Tourism, Coll Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Librett, JJ (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Parks Recreat & Tourism, Coll Hlth, 1901 E S Campus Dr,Room 1085, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM john.librett@utah.edu NR 34 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 399 EP 405 DI 10.1016/j.ampere.2006.07.009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 098RX UT WOS:000241541600007 PM 17046411 ER PT J AU Simon, TR Mercy, JA Barker, L AF Simon, Thomas R. Mercy, James A. Barker, Lawrence TI Can we talk? Importance of random-digit-dial surveys for injury prevention research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES AB Prevention research in public health requires quality data. In injury prevention research, "official" data sources, such as medical or law enforcement data, often do not possess the required depth or completeness. Self-reported data can fill this gap. Such data allow us to understand knowledge, attitudes, exposures, and behaviors associated with injury risk. Self-reported data are also needed to understand outcomes that are often missing from official sources, such as victimization by an intimate partner that is not reported because of concerns about legal consequences and less severe injuries from suicide attempts that go untreated. Data on risk and protective factors and specific types of violence exposures can often only be obtained by directly asking those affected. In addition, "official" data sources are rarely representative. Random-digit-dialing (RDD) surveys are a method of obtaining representative self-reported data. The RDD approach is relatively cost effective, handles non-English-speaking households with relative ease, and possesses a well-developed theory for constructing sample weights. However, there are significant challenges to using RDD surveys. These include declining participation rates; possible self-selection bias, since potential respondents can choose to opt out of the survey; and, with sensitive topics such as intimate partner violence, the need to anticipate potential risks for participants. This theme issue provides suggestions for how we can improve the design and implementation of RDD surveys in a manner that is both practical and ethical. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Simon, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tsimon@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 406 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.ampere.2006.07.012 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 098RX UT WOS:000241541600008 PM 17046412 ER PT J AU Singer, E Bossarte, RM AF Singer, Eleanor Bossarte, Robert M. TI Incentives for survey participation - When are they "coercive"? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFORMED-CONSENT; RESPONSE RATES; ETHICS; TRIALS; UNDUE AB Monetary incentives are increasingly used to help motivate survey participation. This article summarizes several theories underlying the use of incentives and briefly reviews research demonstrating their intended and unintended effects on response rates, sample composition, response bias, and response quality. It also considers the evidence for the effectiveness of incentives in reducing nonresponse bias. Institutional review boards have begun to ask whether, and under what conditions, the use of monetary incentives to induce participation might be coercive and to question the use of such incentives in surveys of "vulnerable" populations, including surveys of injury and violence. The article reviews the ethical principles underlying the requirement for voluntary informed consent as well as current regulations and a broad theoretical and empirical literature bearing on this question, concluding that incentives are never coercive. The question of whether they exert "undue influence" in a specific situation is more difficult, but it may be the wrong question to ask. The article concludes with several recommendations designed to ensure the ethical use of incentives in surveys on violence and injury. C1 Univ Michigan, Survey Res Ctr, Inst Social Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Singer, E (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Survey Res Ctr, Inst Social Res, 4068 ISR, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM elsinger@umich.edu NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1016/j.ampere.2006.07.013 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 098RX UT WOS:000241541600009 PM 17046413 ER PT J AU O'Brien, EM Black, MC Carley-Baxter, LR Simon, TR AF O'Brien, Eileen M. Black, Michele C. Carley-Baxter, Lisa R. Simon, Thomas R. TI Sensitive topics, survey nonresponse, and considerations for interviewer training SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; INTRODUCTIONS; PARTICIPATE; WOMEN AB This paper discusses current challenges in achieving higher survey participation rates in random-digit-dial telephone surveys and proposes steps to address them through interviewer training to avoid refusals. It describes features of surveys that contribute to respondent reluctance to participate and offers a brief overview of current refusal aversion training methods to reduce nonresponse. It then identifies what challenges that unique features of random-digit-dial telephone surveys on sensitive topics might contribute to nonresponse. Recommendations are then proposed for changes in refusal aversion training, standard survey introductions, and informed consent procedures. Finally, further research is called for to identify which methods best balance the need to improve response rates with respondent safety and privacy in surveys with sensitive questions. C1 US Bur Census, Div Stat Res, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP O'Brien, EM (reprint author), Energy Informat Adm EI 63, 1000 Independence Ave SW, Washington, DC 20585 USA. EM eileen.obrien@eia.doe.gov NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.07.010 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 098RX UT WOS:000241541600010 PM 17046414 ER PT J AU Johnson, TP Holbrook, AL Cho, YI Bossarte, RM AF Johnson, Timothy P. Holbrook, Allyson L. Cho, Young Ik Bossarte, Robert M. TI Nonresponse error in injury-risk surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; TELEPHONE SURVEY; HEALTH SURVEY; BIAS; PREVALENCE; SAMPLE; PARTICIPANTS; RESPONDENTS; DRINKING AB Background: Nonresponse is a potentially serious source of error in epidemiologic surveys concerned with injury control and risk. This study presents the findings of a records-matching approach to investigating the degree to which survey nonresponse may bias indicators of violence-related and unintentional injuries in a random-digit-dialed (RDD) telephone survey. Methods: Data from a statewide RDD survey of 4155 individuals aged 16 years and older conducted in Illinois in 2003 were merged with ZIP code-level data from the 2000 Census. Using hierarchical linear models, ZIP code-level indicators were used to predict survey response propensity at the individual level. Additional models used the same ZIP code measures to predict a set of injury-risk indicators. Results: Several ZIP code measures were found to be predictive of both response propensity and the likelihood of reporting partner violence. For example, people residing in high-income areas were less likely to participate in the survey and less likely to report forced sex by partner, processes that suggest an over-estimation of this form of violence. In contrast, estimates of partner isolation may be under-estimated, as those residing in geographic areas with smaller-sized housing were less likely to participate in the survey but more likely to report partner isolation. No ZIP code-level correlates of survey response propensity, however, were found also to be associated with driving-under-the-influence (DUI) indicators. Conclusions: There is evidence of a linkage between survey response propensity and one variety of injury prevention measure (partner violence) but not another (DUI). The approach described in this paper provides an effective and inexpensive tool for evaluating nonresponse error in surveys of injury prevention and other health-related conditions. C1 Univ Illinois, Survey Res Lab, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Johnson, TP (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Survey Res Lab, 412 S Peoria St, Chicago, IL 60607 USA. EM timj@uic.edu NR 45 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 427 EP 436 DI 10.1016/j.ampere.2006.07.011 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 098RX UT WOS:000241541600011 PM 17046415 ER PT J AU Link, MW Kresnow, MJ AF Link, Michael W. Kresnow, Marcie-jo TI The future of random-digit-dial surveys for injury prevention and violence research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; NON-ENGLISH SPEAKERS; TELEPHONE SURVEY; SUSTAINED PARTICIPATION; ADVANCE LETTERS; SELF-REPORTS; INCENTIVES; MAIL; NONRESPONSE; INTERVIEWER AB A central issue facing injury prevention research today is how to collect self-reported data on injury and violence from a geographically dispersed public, quickly, cost effectively, and with a reasonable degree of confidence in the quality of the results. Questions about eroding frame coverage, declining participation rates, and increasing potential for bias have raised doubts about the long-term viability of random-digit-dial (RDD) telephone surveys for injury prevention research. So where does the future lie? The four articles in this volume, as well as other research, point down two paths: (1) continued reliance on RDD, or (2) adoption of alternative survey designs. Continued use of RDD methodology will require additional research in the areas of response rate improvement, techniques for enhancing post-survey adjustments, and cost-effective approaches to nonresponse bias analysis. Moving away from a strict reliance on RDD methodology, injury prevention research could adopt mixed-mode approaches (such as combining telephone, mail, and web-based surveys) or make use of address-based sampling frames as a method for reaching sample members currently missed by most RDD approaches. Either way, the future of collecting self-reports Of injury and injury prevention data will be more complex and require considerable resources. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailtop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MLink@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 31 IS 5 BP 444 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.ampere.2006.07.017 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 098RX UT WOS:000241541600013 PM 17046417 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Greenland, S Flanders, WD AF Yang, Quanhe Greenland, Sander Flanders, W. Dana TI On the application of decomposition methods - Yang et al. Respond SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID RATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM qay0@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1899 EP 1901 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.094870 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 098RM UT WOS:000241540500002 ER PT J AU Santelli, JS Speizer, IS Avery, A Kendall, C AF Santelli, John S. Speizer, Ilene S. Avery, Alexis Kendall, Carl TI An exploration of the dimensions of pregnancy intentions among women choosing to terminate pregnancy or to initiate prenatal care in New Orleans, Louisiana SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; DECISION-MAKING; NATIONAL-SURVEY; FAMILY GROWTH; UNITED-STATES; ABORTION; ATTITUDES; HEALTH; CYCLE AB Objectives. We examined pregnancy decisionmaking among women seeking abortion or prenatal care. Methods. Conventional measures of pregnancy intentions were compared with newer measures in 1017 women seeking abortion. A reduced sample of abortion patients (142 African American women from New Orleans) was compared with 464 similar women entering prenatal care. Results. Virtually all abortion patients reported the pregnancy as unintended; two thirds of prenatal patients reported the pregnancy as unintended. Reasons for seeking abortion related to life circumstances, including cost, readiness, not wanting any more children, marital status, relationship stability, and being too young. Abortion patients were more likely to report trying hard to avoid a pregnancy and not being in a relationship. They were less likely to report that their partner wanted a baby (odds ratio=0.10) or that they wanted a baby with their partner (odds ratio=0.13) than prenatal patients. Conclusions. Traditional measures of pregnancy intentions did not readily predict a woman's choice to continue or abort the pregnancy. Relationship with male partners, desire for a baby with the partner, and life circumstances were critical dimensions in pregnancy decisionmaking. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Appl Sci Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Int Hlth, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. RP Santelli, JS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth, 60 Haven Ave,B-2, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM js2637@columbia.edu FU PHS HHS [S1318-20/20] NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2006 VL 96 IS 11 BP 2009 EP 2015 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.064584 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 098RM UT WOS:000241540500025 PM 17018834 ER PT J AU Zeidner, N Ullmann, A Gabitzsch, E Dolan, M Dietrich, G Champagne, D AF Zeidner, Nordin Ullmann, Amy Gabitzsch, Elizabeth Dolan, Marc Dietrich, Gabrielle Champagne, Donald TI A borreliacidal factor found in the saliva of Amblyomma americanum ticks SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 2 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900003 ER PT J AU Skarbinski, J Patel, M Winston, CA Patrick Kachur, S Massaga, JJ Bloland, PB Rowe, AK AF Skarbinski, Jacek Patel, Mili Winston, Carla A. Patrick Kachur, S. Massaga, Julius J. Bloland, Peter B. Rowe, Alexander K. TI Monitoring insecticide-treated bednet possession and use: Comparison of data collected via health facility and household surveys - Lindi Region and Rufiji District, Tanzania, 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Enhancement Effect Malaria Intervent, Gates Malaria Partnership, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 10 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900011 ER PT J AU Chenine, AL Shai-Kobiler, E Steele, LN Augostini, P Ruprecht, RM Evan Secor, W AF Chenine, Agnes-Laurence Shai-Kobiler, Ela Steele, Lisa N. Augostini, Peter Ruprecht, Ruth M. Evan Secor, W. TI Schistosoma mansoni infection increases susceptibility to aids virus infection transmission and replication in non-human primates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Med Sch, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Med Sch, Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 27 BP 8 EP 8 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900028 ER PT J AU Cohen, JM Ernst, KC Lindblade, KA Vulule, JM John, CC Wilson, ML AF Cohen, Justin M. Ernst, Kacey C. Lindblade, Kim A. Vulule, John M. John, Chandy C. Wilson, Mark L. TI Topography, land-cover, and elevation predict areas at risk for malaria within communities in a highland region of Western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN USA. RI Ernst, Kacey/M-5943-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 34 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900035 ER PT J AU Plotinsky, RN Talbot, EA AF Plotinsky, Rachel N. Talbot, Elizabeth A. TI Cuterebra cutaneous myiasis - New Hampshire, 2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Concord, NH USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 37 BP 11 EP 12 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900038 ER PT J AU Arvelo, W Blum, LS Nahar, N Nahar, L Pach, A Pack, R Luby, SP Ram, PK AF Arvelo, Wences Blum, Lauren S. Nahar, Nazmun Nahar, Lufton Pach, Al Pack, Robert Luby, Stephen P. Ram, Pavani K. TI Community perceptions of bloody diarrhea in the urban slums of Kamalapur, Bangladesh: Implications for a Shigella vaccine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta 1000, GA USA. Int Ctr Diarrheal Dis Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, 26506, South Korea. W Virginia Univ, Sch Med, Morgantown, WV USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 42 BP 13 EP 13 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900043 ER PT J AU Stern, EJ Gross, D Reagan, S Ari, MD Harris, L Galloway, R Wannemuehler, K Wofford, T Atrubin, D Granger, K Daniels, S Wilkins, P Clark, TA AF Stern, Eric J. Gross, Diane Reagan, Sarah Ari, Mary D. Harris, Lazenia Galloway, Renee Wannemuehler, Kathleen Wofford, Taylor Atrubin, David Granger, Kelly Daniels, Simone Wilkins, Patricia Clark, Thomas A. TI Outbreak of leptospirosis among adventure race participants - Tampa, Florida, 2005 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hillsborough Cty Dept Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 50 BP 15 EP 15 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900051 ER PT J AU Lee, YM Pattabhi, S Kovalenko, VA Handali, S Hancock, K Garcia, HH Gonzalez, AE Gilmans, RH Tsang, VC AF Lee, Yeuk-Mui Pattabhi, Sowmya Kovalenko, Victor A. Handali, Sukwan Hancock, Kathy Garcia, Hector H. Gonzalez, Armando E. Gilmans, Robert H. Tsang, Victor C. TI Use of rT24H quick ELISA assay in diagnosis of cysticercosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. Immunetics Inc, Boston, MA USA. Inst Ciencias Neurol, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Lima 14, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 52 BP 16 EP 16 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900053 ER PT J AU Hira, PR Al-Buloushi, A Khalid, N Iqbal, J Bain, O Eberhard, M AF Hira, Parsotam R. Al-Buloushi, Adel Khalid, Nabila Iqbal, Jamshaid Bain, Odile Eberhard, Mark TI Zoonotic filariasis in the Arabian Peninsula: Autochthonous onchocerciasis and dirofilariasis? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Dept Microbiol, Kuwait, Kuwait. Al Bahar Eye Hosp, Kuwait, Kuwait. Natl Hist Nat, Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 56 BP 17 EP 17 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900057 ER PT J AU Parker, TM Ismail, T Fadeel, MA Maksoud, MA Morcos, M Newire, E Wasfy, MO Murray, CK Pimentel, G El-Sayed, N Hajjeh, R AF Parker, Tina M. Ismail, Tharwat Fadeel, Moustafa A. Maksoud, Mohamed Abdel Morcos, Myriam Newire, Enas Wasfy, Momtaz O. Murray, Clinton K. Pimentel, Guillermo El-Sayed, Nasr Hajjeh, Rana TI Laboratory-based surveillance for acute febrile illness in Egypt: A focus on leptospirosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USA, Brooke Army Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 60 BP 18 EP 18 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900061 ER PT J AU Anthony, GA Sodahlon, YK Mathieu, E AF Anthony, Gabriel A. Sodahlon, Yao K. Mathieu, Els TI The integration of neglected disease programs: Phase 1 of an ongoing exercise led by ministry of health program coordinators, Togo SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Minist Hlth, Lome, Togo. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 75 BP 22 EP 23 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900076 ER PT J AU Kaplan, J Easterbrook, JD Watson, J Reeves, W Vanasco, N Purcell, R Kosoy, M Graczyk, T Glass, G Klein, S AF Kaplan, Jenifer Easterbrook, Judy D. Watson, Julie Reeves, Will Vanasco, Norma Purcell, Robert Kosoy, Michael Graczyk, Thaddeus Glass, Gregory Klein, Sabra TI A survey of zoonotic pathogens carried by Norway rats in Baltimore, Maryland, USA SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Enfermdades, Adm Nacl Lab Inst Salud, Santa Fe, Argentina. NIAID, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 80 BP 24 EP 24 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900081 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Kruszon-Moran, D Sanders-Lewis, K Wilson, M AF Jones, Jeffrey L. Kruszon-Moran, Deanna Sanders-Lewis, Kolby Wilson, Marianna TI Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States, 1999-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 89 BP 27 EP 27 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900090 ER PT J AU Milord, MD Guilloux, N Saint-Jean, Y Jean-Francois, V Puello, JMI Joa, D Solis, AT Riera, C Hopkins, DR Nguyen-Dinh, P AF Milord, Marie Denise Guilloux, Nadia Saint-Jean, Yvan Jean-Francois, Vely Puello, Jose M. I. Joa, David Solis, Angel T. Riera, Celia Hopkins, Donald R. Nguyen-Dinh, Phuc TI Malaria elimination in Hispaniola: A realistic goal? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Minist Publ Hlth & Populat, Port au Prince, Haiti. Pan American Hlth Org, Port au Prince, Haiti. Cent Nacl Control Enfedemedes Trop, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Pan American Hlth Org, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Carter Ctr, Intl Task Force Dis Eradicat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 90 BP 27 EP 28 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900091 ER PT J AU Schwenkenbecher, JM Lammie, PL Kaplan, RM AF Schwenkenbecher, Jan M. Lammie, Patrick L. Kaplan, Ray M. TI Impact of mass drug administration on the development of resistance in hookworm SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 130 BP 38 EP 39 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900131 ER PT J AU de Almeida, ME Steurer, F Herwaldt, BL da Silva, AJ AF de Almeida, Marcos E. Steurer, Francis Herwaldt, Barbara L. da Silva, Alexandre J. TI Identification of the L-mexicana, L-amazonensis and subgenus viannia based on analysis of the RRNA internal transcribed spacer 2 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 141 BP 42 EP 42 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900142 ER PT J AU Fox, LM Shamwol, P Betu-Ku-Mesu, VK Fox, MP Roberts, JM Mia Bilenge, CM McFarland, D Moore, AC AF Fox, LeAnne M. Shamwol, Pierre Betu-Ku-Mesu, Victor Kande Fox, Matthew P. Roberts, Jacquelin M. Mia Bilenge, Constantin Miaka McFarland, Deborah Moore, Anne C. TI Burden of disease and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to trypanosoma brucei gambiense - Democratic republic of congo, 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Boston, MA USA. Programme Natl Lutte Trypanosomiase Humaine A, Kinshasa, Congo. Boston Univ, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 145 BP 43 EP 43 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900146 ER PT J AU Ramey, KI Eko, FO Kucerova, Z Armah, H Igietseme, JU Stiles, JK AF Ramey, Kiantra I. Eko, Francis O. Kucerova, Zuzana Armah, Henry Igietseme, Joseph U. Stiles, Jonathan K. TI Vaccinating against trypanosoma brucei using recombinant vibrio cholerae ghosts expressing trypanosomal CA(2+) pump protein SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Ghana, Sch Med, Accra, Ghana. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 149 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900150 ER PT J AU McCollum, AM Mueller, K Villegas, L Udhayakumar, V Escalante, AA AF McCollum, Andrea M. Mueller, Kristen Villegas, Leopoldo Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam Escalante, Ananias A. TI Fixation of P-falciparum SP resistant mutations in an area with low genetic diversity SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DPD MD, Atlanta, GA USA. Associated Publ Hlth Labs, Washington, DC USA. Assoc Civil Impacto Social, Tumeremo, Venezuela. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 188 BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900189 ER PT J AU Zhou, Z Poe, A Limor, J Grady, KK Goldman, I McCollum, A Escalante, A Barnwell, JW Udhayakumar, V AF Zhou, Zhiyong Poe, Amanda Limor, Josef Grady, Katharine K. Goldman, Ira McCollum, Andrea Escalante, Ananias Barnwell, John W. Udhayakumar, Venkatachalam TI Pyrosequencing-A high-throughput method for detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPS) in the dihydrofolate reductase and dihydropteroate synthetase genes of Plasmodium falciparum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Alanta Res & Educat Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. Alanta Res & Educat Fdn, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA USA. Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 190 BP 56 EP 56 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900191 ER PT J AU Lima-Junior, JC Tran, TM Vargas-Serrato Meyer, E Singh, B Farnon, E De-Simone, SG Santos, F Daniel-Ribeiro, CT Barnwell, J Galinskin, MR Oliveira-Ferreira, J AF Lima-Junior, Josue Costa Tran, Tuan M. Vargas-Serrato Meyer, Esmeralda Singh, Balwan Farnon, Eileen De-Simone, Salvatore Giovanni Santos, Fatima Daniel-Ribeiro, Claudio Tadeu Barnwell, John Galinskin, Mary R. Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli TI Naturally acquired humoral and cellular immune responses to P-vivax merozoite surface protein 9 (PvMSP9) in individuals from rondonia state-Brazil exposed to malaria infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Immunol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. FUNASA, Dept Entomol, Porto Velho, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli/E-7942-2014 OI Oliveira-Ferreira, Joseli/0000-0002-6063-465X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2006 VL 75 IS 5 SU S MA 198 BP 58 EP 59 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 109XW UT WOS:000242343900199 ER EF