FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Gift, TL Hogben, M AF Gift, Thomas L. Hogben, Matthew TI Emergency department sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficiency virus screening: Findings from a national survey SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National STD Prevention Conference CY MAY, 2006 CL Jacksonville, FL DE emergency medicine; sexually transmitted diseases; mass screening; chlamydia; gonorrhea; HIV ID PARTNER NOTIFICATION; HIV; PHYSICIANS AB Objectives: To use a previously conducted national physician survey to determine the extent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening by emergency physicians compared with physicians practicing in other settings (primary care offices, hospital ambulatory care clinics, or other). Methods: From the survey responses, the authors determined the percentage of emergency physicians and physicians not practicing in EDs screening various patient groups for syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV. Additional data from the survey (for practice location, physician gender, and patient demographics of race and gender) were used in multivariate logistic regressions to determine adjusted odds ratios (ORs). Results: Of 3,838 survey respondents providing answers to all questions analyzed for this study, 401 (10.5%) practiced in an emergency department. Of the remaining 3,437 physicians, 89% practiced in primary care offices or hospital ambulatory care clinics. Based on unadjusted ORs, emergency physicians were less likely than physicians not practicing in EDs to screen for all STDs and HlV in all patient groups (men, nonpregnant women, and pregnant women), although the differences in screening rates in male patients for chlamydia or gonorrhea were not significant. The adjusted ORs varied from 0.136 (for HIV screening of pregnant women) to 1.177 (for gonorrhea screening of pregnant women). All adjusted ORs that were significant at p < 0.05 were <1.0. Conclusions: Although prior research has shown that STD and HIV rates are relatively high in emergency department patients compared with the population as a whole, screening rates are lower than in other settings. Addressing barriers may increase screening rates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gift, TL (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tgift@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 13 IS 9 BP 993 EP 996 DI 10.1197/j.aem.2006.04.017 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 082DK UT WOS:000240366700016 PM 16894003 ER PT J AU Bingham, CR Eby, DW Hockanson, HM Greenspan, AI AF Bingham, C. Raymond Eby, David W. Hockanson, Heather M. Greenspan, Arlene I. TI Factors influencing the use of booster seats: A state-wide survey of parents SO ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE booster seats; child restraints; probability sample; 4-8-year old; parents ID MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES; SAFETY BELT USE; RESTRAINT LAWS; CHILDREN; INJURY; IMPACT; RISK; MICHIGAN AB This study used telephone interview data on booster seat use from a state-wide probability sample of parents with children ages 4-8-years-old who were living in Michigan. Interviews were completed with parents of children in 350 households. Analyses examined the entire sample, and three sub-groups: always users, part-time booster seat users, and booster seat non-users. Results indicated that booster seat legislation was a key determinant of the level of use and the motivation to use booster seats. Nearly 70% of part-time users said that they used booster seats because they believed it was the law. Similarly, 60% of part-time and non-booster seat users said that they would be more likely to use booster seats if use were mandated by law, with non-users being 3.5 times more likely than part-time users to agree that a law would increase their booster seat use. Finally, over 90% of part-time and non-booster seat users said it would be easier for them to use booster seats if a law required it, and non-users were almost six times more likely than part-time users to agree that a law would make use easier. The need for booster seat laws, issues of social equity, and implications for intervention were discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Transportat Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Chron Dis & Injury Control, Injury Prevent Sect, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bingham, CR (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Transportat Res Inst, 2901 Baxter Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rbingham@umich.edu; eby@umich.edu; hockansonh@michigan.gov; email-aig0@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0001-4575 J9 ACCIDENT ANAL PREV JI Accid. Anal. Prev. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1028 EP 1037 DI 10.1016/j.aap.2006.04.014 PG 10 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 070NA UT WOS:000239528200025 PM 16737675 ER PT J AU Wolitski, RJ Jones, KT Wasserman, JL Smith, JC AF Wolitski, Richard J. Jones, Kenneth T. Wasserman, Jill L. Smith, Jennifer C. TI Self-identification as "down low" among men who have sex with men (MSM) from 12 US cities SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; homosexuality; bisexuality; sexual behavior; sexual orientation; labeling; self concept; risk factors; African Americans; Hispanics ID INTERVENTION TRIAL SUMIT; SEROPOSITIVE URBAN MENS; CARE PROVIDERS TALKING; HIV RISK; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; BISEXUAL MEN; SAFER-SEX; MULTICLINIC ASSESSMENT; PUBLIC-HEALTH; BLACK-MEN AB Men who have sex with men (MSM) who are on the "down low" (DL) have been the subject of considerable media attention, but few data on this population exist. This exploratory study (N=455) compared MSM who considered themselves to be on the DL with MSM who did not (non-DL MSM). 20% self-identified as DL. Blacks and Hispanics were more likely than Whites to self identify as DL. MSM who did not identify as gay were more likely than gay-identified MSM to describe themselves as DL. DL-identified MSM were less likely to have had seven or more male partners in the prior 30 days, but were more likely to have had a female sex partner and to have had unprotected vaginal sex. DL-identified MSM were less likely to have ever been tested for HIV than were non-DL MSM. Prevention agencies should expand existing programs for MSM to include specific efforts to reach DL MSM. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ginn Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wolitski, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rwolitski@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU PHS HHS [200-2001-00123] NR 47 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 BP 519 EP 529 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9095-5 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 077FY UT WOS:000240015500007 PM 16691462 ER PT J AU Fisher, HH Purcell, DW Hoff, CC Parsons, JT O'Leary, A AF Fisher, Holly H. Purcell, David W. Hoff, Colleen C. Parsons, Jeffrey T. O'Leary, Ann TI Recruitment source and behavioral risk patterns of HIV-positive men who have sex with men SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE sampling; men who have sex with men (MSM); HIV prevention; HIV seropositivity; risk behavior ID AIDS AB To effectively target HIV prevention activities, community outreach workers need to know how to locate persons at greatest risk for acquiring or transmitting HIV. This study compared the behavioral characteristics of HIV-positive men who have sex with men recruited from different sources: AIDS service organizations, mainstream gay environments, public/private sex environments, and friend referrals. Men recruited from sex environments exhibited the riskiest behavior: more male partners, more likely to have casual sex, more likely to have had unprotected insertive sex with men of HIV-negative or unknown status, less likely to have disclosed serostatus to primary partners, less comfortable discussing serostatus with others, and less feeling of personal responsibility for disclosure. A distinctive group of men, the referral group, did not identify with the gay community and reported sex with men and women. Future efforts should continue to assess the types of people that are recruited from different sources so that program and research efforts can be appropriately targeted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Ctr HIV AIDS Educ Studies & Training, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Ctr HIV AIDS Educ Studies & Training, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Fisher, HH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hkh3@cdc.gov OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU913557, U62/CCU213605] NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 BP 553 EP 561 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9109-3 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 077FY UT WOS:000240015500010 PM 16761116 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Van Rompay, KKA Del Wart, E Heneine, W AF Johnson, Jeffrey A. Van Rompay, Koen K. A. Del Wart, Eric Heneine, Walid TI Rapid and sensitive real-time PCR assay for the K65R drug resistance mutation in SIV reverse transcriptase SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; RHESUS MACAQUES; REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTION; THERAPY; TYPE-1; HIV-1; SUPPRESSION; MODEL; PMPA AB Macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) provide a suitable model for assessing the efficacy of antiretroviral (ARV) drug interventions and drug resistance selection associated with treatment. Resistance to the HIV reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir continues to be examined in different treatment strategies in the macaque model. Evaluations of treatment interventions and drug resistance are hampered by the limited sensitivity of conventional population sequencing and the substantial effort involved in testing various tissue compartments in which viruses may reside. Therefore, a sensitive assay that permits simple and rapid testing for drug-resistant viruses would benefit appraisals of ARV treatments using in vivo models. To have this capability, we developed a real-time PCR-based assay for the detection of the SIV K65R reverse transcriptase mutation, a key marker for reduced susceptibility to tenofovir. Evaluations of SIV sequences yielded an assay detection limit mean of 0.4% mutant virus (range = 0.1 - 2%) in a wild-type background. In testing longitudinal plasma specimens from four SIV-infected macaques that received an active daily regimen of 30 mg/kg of tenofovir subcutaneously, the assay was able to detect K65R-positive viruses in all animals within 1 - 7 weeks after treatment began. The emerging mutants were initially present at frequencies estimated between 0.4% and 3%, below the detection capability of population sequencing. We propose the SIV K65R real-time PCR assay provides improved sensitivity and simplicity in studying tenofovir resistance in macaque models. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), CDC, DHAP, Lab Branch, Bldg 18,MS G-45,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jjohnson1@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 9 BP 912 EP 916 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.22.912 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 090JG UT WOS:000240946700014 PM 16989618 ER PT J AU Spencer, EH Frank, E Elon, LK Hertzberg, VS Serdula, MK Galuska, DA AF Spencer, Elsa H. Frank, Erica Elon, Lisa K. Hertzberg, Vicki S. Serdula, Mary K. Galuska, Deborah A. TI Predictors of nutrition counseling behaviors and attitudes in US medical students SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE medical students; diet; fruit and vegetable intakes; nutrition counseling; counseling correlates ID PRIMARY-CARE PRACTITIONERS; HEALTH PROMOTION; STANDARDIZED PATIENTS; CLINICAL NUTRITION; DIETARY HABITS; PHYSICIANS; PREVENTION; CHOLESTEROL; DISEASE; PATIENT AB Background: Nutrition counseling by physicians can improve patients' dietary behaviors and is affected by physicians' nutrition practices and attitudes, such as the perceived relevance of nutrition counseling. Objective: The objective was to provide data on medical students' perceived relevance of nutrition counseling, reported frequency of nutrition counseling, and frequency of fruit and vegetable intakes. Design: Students (n = 2316) at 16 US medical schools were surveyed and tracked at freshmen orientation, at the time of orientation to wards, and in their senior year. Results: Freshmen students were more likely (72%) to find nutrition counseling highly relevant than were students at the time of ward orientation (61%) or during their senior year (46%; P for trend = 0.0003). Those intending to subspecialize had lower and declining perceptions of counseling relevance (P for trend = 0.0009), whereas the perceived relevance of counseling by primary care specialists remained high (P for trend = 0.5). Students were significantly more likely to find nutrition counseling highly relevant if they were female, consumed more fruit and vegetables, believed in primary prevention, had personal physicians who encouraged disease prevention, or intended to specialize in primary care. Only 19% of students believed that they had been extensively trained in nutrition counseling, and 17% of seniors reported that they frequently counseled their patients about nutrition. Students who consumed more fruit and vegetables, believed that they would be more credible if they ate a healthy diet, were not Asian or white, or intended to specialize in primary care counseled patients about nutrition more frequently. Medical students consumed an average of 3.0 fruit and vegetable servings/d, which declined over time. Conclusions: The perceived relevance of nutrition counseling by US medical students declined throughout medical school, and students infrequently counseled their patients about nutrition. Interventions may be warranted to improve the professional nutritional practices of medical students. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frank, E (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Hlth & Epidemol, 5804 Fairview Ave, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM efrank@emory.edu NR 50 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 84 IS 3 BP 655 EP 662 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 084JP UT WOS:000240529500026 PM 16960182 ER PT J AU Tepper, AL Burr, GA Feng, HA Singal, M Miller, AK Hanley, KW Olsen, LD AF Tepper, Allison L. Burr, Gregory A. Feng, H. Amy Singal, Mitchell Miller, Aubrey K. Hanley, Kevin W. Olsen, Larry D. TI Acute symptoms associated with asphalt fume exposure among road pavers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: Although asphalt fume is a recognized irritant, previous studies of acute symptoms during asphalt paving have produced inconsistent results. Between 1994 and 1997, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) evaluated workers at seven sites in six states. Methods: NIOSH (a) measured exposures of asphalt paving workers to total (TP) and benzene-soluble particulate (BSP), polycyclic aromatic compounds, and other substances; (b) administered symptom questionnaires pre-shift, every 2 hr during the shift, and post-shift to asphalt exposed and nonexposed workers; and (c) measured peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) of asphalt paving workers when they completed a symptom questionnaire. Results: Full-shift time-weighted average exposures to TP and BSP ranged from 0.01 to 1.30 mg/m(3) and 0.01 to 0.82 mg/m(3), respectively. Most BSP concentrations were < 0.50 mg/m(3). Asphalt workers had a higher occurrence rate of throat irritation than nonexposed workers [13% vs. 4%, odds ratio (OR) = 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-13]. TP as a continuous variable, was associated with eye (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.12-1.60) and throat (OR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.06-1.85) symptoms. With TP dichotomous at 0.5 mg/m(3), the ORs and 95% CIs for eye and throat symptoms were 7.5 (1.1-50) and 15 (2.3-103), respectively. BSP, dichotomous at 0.3 mg/m(3), was associated with irritant (eye, nose, or throat) symptoms (OR = 11, 95% CI: 1.5-84). One worker, a smoker, had PEFR-defined bronchial lability, which did not coincide with respiratory symptoms. Conclusions Irritant symptoms were associated with TP and BSP concentrations at or below 0.5 mg/m(3). C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Monitoring Res & Stat Activ, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Tepper, AL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop R9, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM atepper@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 49 IS 9 BP 728 EP 739 DI 10.1002/ajim.20346 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 075DD UT WOS:000239862100003 PM 16917829 ER PT J AU Arcury, TA Grzywacz, JG Davis, SW Barr, DB Quandt, SA AF Arcury, Thomas A. Grzywacz, Joseph G. Davis, Stephen W. Barr, Dana B. Quandt, Sara A. TI Organophosphorus pesticide urinary metabolite levels of children in farmworker households in eastern North Carolina SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE child health; farmworker; health disparities; agriculture; occupational health; pesticide exposure; biomonitoring; organophosphorus pesticide metabolites ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; CENTRAL WASHINGTON-STATE; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; EXPOSURE PATHWAYS; WORKERS; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; VIRGINIA; SAMPLES; SAFETY AB Background: Organophosphorus (OP) pesticide urinary metabolite levels in a sample of farmworker children in North Carolina are documented and compared to national reference data. The relative importance of para-occupational, residential, and environment risk factors are delineated. Methods: Urine samples were collected from 60 farmworker children 1-6 years of age, and interviews were completed by their mothers. Urine samples were analyzed for the dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides. Summed molar concentrations of the diethyl and dimethyl DAP metabolites provided summary measures. Results: The farmworker children had relatively high levels of OP pesticide urinary metabolites compared to national reference data; for example, participating children had higher geometric means for diethylphosphate (DEP), diethylthiophosphate (DETP), and the summed diethyl metabolites. However, analyses found no pattern of significant associations between predictors and metabolite levels. Conclusions: Future research requires greater precision in sampling and measurement to determine the risk factors for pesticide exposure among farmworker children. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent, Winston Salem, NC USA. RP Arcury, TA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM tarcury@wfubmc.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Grzywacz, Joseph/0000-0002-2308-7781 FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R25-OH07611] NR 37 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 49 IS 9 BP 751 EP 760 DI 10.1002/ajim.20354 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 075DD UT WOS:000239862100005 PM 16804908 ER PT J AU Shui, IM Weintraub, ES Gust, DA AF Shui, Irene M. Weintraub, Eric S. Gust, Deborah A. TI Parents concerned about vaccine safety - Differences in race/ethnicity and attitudes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WORLD-WIDE-WEB; IMMUNIZATION STATUS; HEALTH BELIEFS; CHILDREN; CARE; UNDERIMMUNIZATION; PEDIATRICIANS; PROVIDER; BARRIERS; REFUSAL AB Background: Parental concerns about immunization safety have been covered widely in the media and on the Internet and have been correlated in some studies with under-immunization and the late receipt of immunizations. Objectives: Phase 1: To (1) measure the prevalence of parents with immunization safety concern, specifically those with high-level concern, (2) determine demographic characteristics and attitudes typical for this subgroup of parents, and (3) determine factors that influence such parents, nevertheless, to have their children immunized. Phase 2: To further explore the racial/ethnic difference found in the first-phase results, specifically to compare the immunization attitudes of Hispanic (both black and white) and non-Hispanic black parents with those of non-Hispanic white parents. Methods: ConsumerStyles (2004) survey data of a nationwide panel of U.S. adults were analyzed in January 2006. In Phase 1, bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with parental concerns about immunization safety. In Phase 2, logistic regression was used to compare immunization attitudes among non-Hispanic black; Hispanic (both black and white); and non-Hispanic white parents. Results: The response rate was 62% (6207/10,000); analysis was restricted to the 2937 (47%) respondents who were parents with a child aged 18 years or younger; 634 (21 %) responded with the highest level of concern, 5 on a 1-to-5-point scale. Demographics (Hispanic ethnicity/nonwhite race, low income, and less education) and negative attitudes toward immunization and the child's healthcare provider were significantly associated with high-level concern. Seventy-two percent of parents with high-level concern responded that the risk of a child getting a disease was their primary reason for having their child immunized, while 17% listed state laws requiring immunizations for school/daycare entry. Importantly, black parents were more likely than white parents to have negative attitudes toward immunizations and their child's healthcare provider. Conclusions: One fifth of parents reported high-level concern with the safety of childhood immunizations. To prevent the erosion of childhood immunization rates, healthcare providers need to learn how to recognize and address these concerns. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shui, IM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM Irene_shui@harvardpilgrim.org NR 40 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 31 IS 3 BP 244 EP 251 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.04.006 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 077QM UT WOS:000240044800008 PM 16905036 ER PT J AU Nazzaro, AM Owens, S Hoots, WK Larson, KL AF Nazzaro, Ann-Marie Owens, Sally Hoots, W. Keith Larson, Kelly L. TI Knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of youths in the US hemophilia population: Results of a national survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; MALES AB Objectives. The National Hemophilia Foundation and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a national survey focusing on knowledge about, attitudes toward, and behaviors associated with key prevention activities among youths with hemophilia and used the data gathered to design a health promotion campaign. Methods. A national, random sample of 459 patients was drawn from 20 hemophilia treatment centers and 8 hemophilia associations; 110 (24%) of the respondents were young people. A telephone questionnaire was used to measure knowledge, behaviors, and barriers to prevention. Results. Thirty-six percent of the youth respondents believed that joint disease cannot be prevented; 60% managed hemophilia by avoiding physical activity. Only 31% of the respondents treated bleeding episodes within 1 hour. Although hepatitis was a clear threat to this hemophilic cohort, 78% did now know transmission routes for hepatitis C, and 67% did not know transmission routes for hepatitis B. Conclusions. Young people with chronic disorders need help understanding that they can prevent complications. We identified key messages for a hemophilia prevention campaign, including exercising to ensure healthy joints and treating bleeding episodes early and adequately. C1 Natl Hemophilia Fdn, Beijing 100011, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Gulf States Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Nazzaro, AM (reprint author), Natl Hemophilia Fdn, 116 W 32nd St, Beijing 100011, Peoples R China. EM anazzaro@hemophilia.org FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU214593] NR 14 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 96 IS 9 BP 1618 EP 1622 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.075234 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079LY UT WOS:000240179100024 PM 16873741 ER PT J AU Eloubeidi, MA Desmond, RA Wilcox, CM Wilson, RJ Manchikalapati, P Fouad, MM Eltoum, I Vickers, SM AF Eloubeidi, Mohamad A. Desmond, Renee A. Wilcox, C. Mel Wilson, Reda J. Manchikalapati, Pavan Fouad, Mona M. Eltoum, Isam Vickers, Selwyn M. TI Prognostic factors for survival in pancreatic cancer: a population-based study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Article DE pancreatic cancer; survival; population-based study; racial disparities ID PATIENT RACE CONCORDANCE; ADENOCARCINOMA; AMERICANS; CARE; RISK AB Background: We performed a population-based study of patients from the deep South of the United States (with > 25% black residents) to evaluate the survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer. Our aims were to analyze prognostic factors influencing pancreatic cancer survival using the population-based Alabama Statewide Cancer Registry and to determine whether race/ethnicity is an independent determinant of outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. Methods: Eligible participants included all persons diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from 1996 to 2000 and reported to the Alabama Statewide Cancer Registry. Survival time was calculated from time of diagnosis to death for pancreatic cancer deaths or to date of last contact or death from other causes for censored participants. Risk factors associated with survival were assessed with the Kaplan-Meier survival method and the log-rank test. Demographic, tumor, and treatment variables were assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Of 2230 patients, the median age at diagnosis was 71 years and the male to female ratio was approximately 1:1. Seventy-three percent of patients were white, and 27% of patients were black. The distribution by stage was 12.5% localized disease, 29.6% regional, 35.3% distant, and 22.6% unstaged. The median survival time for all patients was .39 +/-.01 years. Patients who underwent surgical treatment were less likely to die of pancreatic cancer (hazard ratio, .48; 95% confidence interval, .41-56). Similarly, patients who underwent either chemotherapy or radiation therapy had improved survival rates (hazard ratio, .62; 95% confidence interval, .53-73). Across all stages, black patients were significantly less likely to receive chemotherapy compared with white patients (26.7% vs 32.3%, P = .02), and were less likely to receive surgical intervention (14.02% vs 17.0%, P = .09). When examining patients who were offered their therapy of choice but refused, we found across all stages that a greater proportion of black patients refused therapies versus whites: 5.6% versus 2.9% (P = .02) for chemotherapy, 3.8% versus 1.6% (P = .04) for radiation, and 9.0% versus 3.3% (P = .001 for surgery). The Cox proportional hazard model showed no effect of race on overall survival time while controlling for stage at presentation, type of therapy received, age at diagnosis, and site of primary tumor. Conclusions: Survival in patients with pancreatic cancer remains dismal. Tumor characteristics and treatment factors are related directly to survival time in patients with pancreatic cancer. Black patients were less likely to receive therapy but also were more likely to refuse the indicated therapy. Factors leading to racial disparity in the treatment of pancreatic cancer warrant further investigation. (c) 2006 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Canc Surveillance Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Gastrointestinal Surg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Eloubeidi, MA (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, 408 Lyons Harrison Res Bldg,701 19th Sr S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM eloubeidi@uab.edu RI Tang, Amy/L-3226-2016 OI Tang, Amy/0000-0002-5772-2878 NR 17 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 192 IS 3 BP 322 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.02.017 PG 8 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 079LD UT WOS:000240176900011 PM 16920426 ER PT J AU Gomaa, A Sinclair, R Alarcon, W AF Gomaa, Ahmed Sinclair, Raymond Alarcon, Walter TI Occupational blood-borne diseases in surgery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SURGERY LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Gomaa, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Alarcon, Walter/C-4470-2008 OI Alarcon, Walter/0000-0002-4907-4380 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI BRIDGEWATER PA 685 ROUTE 202-206, BRIDGEWATER, NJ 08807 USA SN 0002-9610 J9 AM J SURG JI Am. J. Surg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 192 IS 3 BP 408 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2005.10.020 PG 1 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 079LD UT WOS:000240176900026 PM 16920442 ER PT J AU Hill, DR Baird, JK Parise, ME Lewis, LS Ryan, ET Magill, AJ AF Hill, David R. Baird, J. Kevin Parise, Monica E. Lewis, Linda S. Ryan, Edward T. Magill, Alan J. TI Primaquine: Report from CDC expert meeting on malaria chemoprophylaxis I SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-VIVAX MALARIA; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; NONIMMUNE COLOMBIAN SOLDIERS; DRUG-INDUCED ENDOCYTOSIS; HUMAN LIVER-MICROSOMES; ANTI-RELAPSE THERAPY; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; INDUCED METHEMOGLOBINEMIA AB Primaquine phosphate has been used for preventing relapse of Plasmodium vivax and P. ovate malaria since the early 1950s, based on its ability to kill latent (hypnozoite) and developing liver stages of these parasites. There are three uses for primaquine in malaria: radical cure of established infection with P. vivax or P. ovate malaria; presumptive anti-relapse therapy (PART; terminal prophylaxis) in persons with extensive exposure to these parasites; and primary prophylaxis against all malaria species. All persons for whom primaquine is being considered must have a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme level checked before use, and persons who have a deficiency of G6PD must not take primaquine for prophylaxis or PART. The recommended adult dose for PART based on clinical trials and expert opinion is 30 mg base daily for 14 days, started on return from a malarious region and overlapping with a blood schizonticide. The adult dose for primary prophylaxis is 30 mg daily begun 1 day before travel and continued for 7 days after return. This review will examine the evidence for these recommendations. C1 Natl Travel Hlth Network, DTM&H, London WC1E 6AU, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 6AU, England. ALERTAsia Fdn, Jakarta 10430, Indonesia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Butte Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Oroville, CA 95965 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Trop & Geog Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hill, DR (reprint author), Natl Travel Hlth Network, DTM&H, Capper St, London WC1E 6AU, England. EM david.hill@uclh.org NR 170 TC 149 Z9 153 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3 BP 402 EP 415 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 083RR UT WOS:000240476400006 PM 16968913 ER PT J AU Powers, AM Aguilar, PV Chandler, LJ Brault, AC Meakins, TA Watts, D Russell, KL Olson, J Vasconcelos, PFC Da Rosa, AT Weaver, SC Tesh, RB AF Powers, Ann M. Aguilar, Patricia V. Chandler, Laura J. Brault, Aaron C. Meakins, Tiffany A. Watts, Douglas Russell, Kevin L. Olson, James Vasconcelos, Pedro F. C. Da Rosa, Amelia Travassos Weaver, Scott C. Tesh, Robert B. TI Genetic relationships among Mayaro and Una viruses suggest distinct patterns of transmission SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; HUMAN DISEASE AGENT; YELLOW-FEVER-VIRUS; ARTHROPOD-BORNE VIRUSES; BOLIVIAN RAIN FOREST; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; FRENCH-GUIANA; CROSS-NEUTRALIZATION; OKINAWAN COLONISTS; CULISETA-MELANURA AB Mayaro and Una viruses (MAYV, UNAV) are mosquito-borne alphaviruses that may cause an acute febrile illness characterized by headache, retro-orbital pain, and rash that may progress to a severe and prolonged arthralgia. MAYV was first isolated in Trinidad in 1954, and UNAV was first identified in northern Brazil in 1959. Since then, numerous isolates of these agents have been made from humans, wild vertebrates, and mosquitoes in several countries in northern South America. Serological evidence suggests that these viruses are also present in portions of Central America. Because little is known about the natural transmission cycle of MAYV and virtually nothing is known about UNAV transmission, 63 isolates covering the known geographic and temporal ranges were used in phylogenetic analyses to aid in understanding the molecular epidemiology. Approximately 2 kb from the El and E2 glycoprotein genes and the complete 3' non-coding region were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences indicated that two distinct genotypes of MAYV exist with a distinct clade consisting exclusively of UNAV (previously designated as a subtype of MAYV). One MAYV genotype (genotype D) contains isolates from Trinidad and the northcentral portion of South America including Peru, French Guiana, Surinam, Brazil, and Bolivia. All of these isolates are highly conserved with a nucleotide divergence of < 6%. The second MAYV genotype (genotype L) contains isolates only from Brazil that are highly conserved (< 4% nucleotide divergence) but are quite distinct (15-19%) from the first genotype isolates. These analyses provide possible explanations for the natural ecology and transmission of MAYV and UNAV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. Inst Evandro Chagas, Dept Arbovirol & Hemorrhag Fevers, Belem, Para, Brazil. RP Powers, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM APowers@cdc.gov RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 07536, AI-107526, AI049725, N01-AI30027] NR 60 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3 BP 461 EP 469 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 083RR UT WOS:000240476400015 PM 16968922 ER PT J AU Demma, LJ Holman, RC Mikosz, CA Curns, AT Swerdlow, DL Paisano, EL Cheek, JE AF Demma, Linda J. Holman, Robert C. Mikosz, Christina A. Curns, Aaron T. Swerdlow, David L. Paisano, Edna L. Cheek, James E. TI Rocky mountain spotted fever hospitalizations among American Indians SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE HOSPITALIZATIONS; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; TRENDS AB To describe the epidemiology of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/ANs), we conducted a retrospective analysis of hospitalization records with an RMSF diagnosis using Indian Health Service (IHS) hospital discharge data for calendar years 1980-2003. A total of 261 RMSF hospitalizations were reported among AIs, for an average annual hospitalization rate of 1.21 per 100,000 persons; two deaths were reported (0.8%). Most hospitalizations (88.5%) occurred in the Southern Plains region, where the rate was 4.23 per 100,000 persons. Children 1-4 years of age had the highest age-specific hospitalization rate of 2.50 per 100,000 persons. The overall annual RMSF hospitalization rate declined during the study period. Understanding the epidemiology of RMSF among AI/ANs and educating IHS/tribal physicians on the diagnosis of tick-borne diseases remain important for the prompt treatment of RMSF and the reduction of the disease occurrence among AI/ANs, particularly in high-risk areas. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Div Program Stat, Rockville, MD USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Demma, LJ (reprint author), Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lqd1@cdc.gov; dls3@cdc.gov; Edna.Paisano@ihs.gov; James.Cheek@ihs.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 75 IS 3 BP 537 EP 541 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 083RR UT WOS:000240476400030 PM 16968937 ER PT J AU Waxman, MA Abrahamian, FM Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R AF Waxman, Matthew A. Abrahamian, Fredrick M. Talan, David A. Moran, Gregory J. Pinner, Robert TI Update: Multistate outbreak of mumps - United States, January 1-May 2, 2006 SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID POPULATION; VACCINE C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Waxman, MA (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 48 IS 3 BP 332 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.014 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 080OD UT WOS:000240256400017 PM 16938904 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, R. Frank TI Frequency of attendance at religious services, overweight, and obesity in American women and men: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE obesity; Hispanics; religion; body weight; blacks; epidemiologic methods ID BODY-MASS INDEX; WEIGHT-LOSS PROGRAM; US ADULTS; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; TRENDS; RISK AB PURPOSE: Few data have been published on the association of overweight and obesity and indices of religiousness, a putative protective factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, in representative samples of multiethnic total populations. METHODS: To test the hypothesis that frequency of attendance at religious services is unrelated to the prevalence of overweight and obesity, the following data from American men and women aged 20 years and older (N = 16,657) in a cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, were analyzed: self-reported frequency of attendance at religious services, cigarette smoking. health status, sociodemographic variables, and measured body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: In persons 20 years and older, 58% of frequent attenders (>= 52 times/y) and 53% of others were overweight or obese (BMI >= 25 kg/m(2)). After stratifying to eliminate interactions in a logistic regression model and controlling for sociodemographics, smoking, and health status, no significant association was seen in European-American women overall. In all others, the significant positive associations of frequency of attendance and overweight could be explained by these other variables (fully adjusted odds ratio, 1.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.36; p = 0.08). The same was true for obesity (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)). CONCLUSION: In a national sample of the US population, the prevalence of overweight or obesity is greater in self-reported frequent attenders of religious services than in others, but the association was explained by controlling for multiple sociodemographic and health variables. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,6th Floor, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 16 IS 9 BP 655 EP 660 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.11.002 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 080MZ UT WOS:000240253300001 PM 16431132 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA Hootman, JM Powell, KE Macera, CA Heath, GW Gilchrist, J Kimsey, CD Kohl, HW AF Carlson, Susan A. Hootman, Jennifer M. Powell, Kenneth E. Macera, Caroline A. Heath, Gregory W. Gilchrist, Julie Kimsey, C. Dexter, Jr. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Self-reported injury and physical activity levels: United States 2000 to 2002 SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adult; exercise; incidence; injuries; leisure activities; sports; United States ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; OLDER-PEOPLE; EXERCISE; SPORTS; PREVENTION; FALLS; METAANALYSIS; AEROBICS; RUNNERS; ADULTS AB PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to compare national estimates of the incidence of self-reported all-cause and activity-specific injuries in adults with differing leisure-time physical activity levels. METHODS: Data were analyzed from the 2000 to 2002 National Health Interview Survey. Leisure-time physical activity levels were categorized as active, insufficiently active, and inactive. RESULTS: Age-adjusted incidences of all-cause injury did not differ by leisure-time physical activity level (active, 89.3/1000; 95% confidence interval [CI], 81.8-96.8; insufficiently active, 81.6/1000; 95% Cl, 73.1-90.1; and inactive, 86.3/1000; 95% Cl, 78.6-93.9). Active respondents (29.4/1000; 95% Cl, 25.2-33.6) had a greater incidence of injury related to sport and leisure-time activities than inactive respondents (15.2/1000; 95% Cl, 12.1-18.3), whereas inactive respondents (71.1/1000; 95% Cl, 63.9-78.2) had a greater incidence of injury related to nonsport and non-leisure-time activities than active respondents (59.9/1000;95% Cl, 53.6-66.2). Results were unchanged after multivariate control for confounding factors, CONCLUSIONS: Although the incidence of sport and leisure-time injuries is associated with participation in leisure-time physical activity, no association was observed between leisure-time physical activity and overall injuries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN USA. RP Carlson, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM scarlson1@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 16 IS 9 BP 712 EP 719 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.01.002 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 080MZ UT WOS:000240253300011 PM 16626971 ER PT J AU Leiss, JK Ratcliffe, JM Lyden, JT Sousa, S Orelien, JG Boal, WL Jagger, J AF Leiss, Jack K. Ratcliffe, Jennifer M. Lyden, Jennifer T. Sousa, Sara Orelien, Jean G. Boal, Winifred L. Jagger, Janine TI Blood exposure among paramedics: Incidence rates from the National Study to Prevent Blood Exposure in Paramedics SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE needlestick; paramedic; blood exposure; incidence; occupational exposure; prehospital; survey ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; MEDICAL-STUDENTS; PERSONNEL; RISK; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; INFECTION AB PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to estimate incidence rates of occupational blood exposure by route of exposure (needlesticks; cuts from sharp objects; mucous membrane exposures to the eyes, nose, or mouth; bites; and blood contact with nonintact skin) in US and California paramedics. METHODS: A mail survey was conducted in a national probability sample of certified paramedics. RESULTS: Proportions of paramedics who reported an exposure in the previous year were 21.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.8-25.3) for the national sample and 14.8% (95% Cl, 12.2-17-4) for California. The overall incidence rate was 6.0/10,000 calls (95% Cl, 3.9-8.1). These rates represent more than 49,000 total exposures and more than 10,000 needlesticks per year among paramedics in the United States. Rates for mucocutaneous exposures and needlesticks were similar (similar to 1.2/10,000 calls). Rates for California were one third to one half the national rates. Sensitivity analysis showed that potential response bias would have little impact on the policy and intervention implications of the findings. CONCLUSION: Paramedics continue to be at substantial risk for blood exposure. More attention should be given to reducing mucocutaneous exposures. The impact of legislation on reducing exposures and the importance of nonintact skin exposures need to be better understood. C1 Constella Grp Inc, Constella Hlth Sci, Durham, NC 27713 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Internal Med, Charlottesville, VA USA. RP Lyden, JT (reprint author), Constella Grp Inc, Constella Hlth Sci, 2605 Meridian Pkwy, Durham, NC 27713 USA. EM Jlyden@constellagroup.com FU NIOSH CDC HHS [6U01 OH004266] NR 29 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 16 IS 9 BP 720 EP 725 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2005.12.007 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 080MZ UT WOS:000240253300012 PM 16581265 ER PT J AU Hughes, LB Beasley, TM Patel, H Tiwari, HK Morgan, SL Baggott, JE Saag, KG McNicholl, J Moreland, LW Alarcon, GS Bridges, SL AF Hughes, L. B. Beasley, T. M. Patel, H. Tiwari, H. K. Morgan, S. L. Baggott, J. E. Saag, K. G. McNicholl, J. Moreland, L. W. Alarcon, G. S. Bridges, S. L., Jr. TI Racial or ethnic differences in allele frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene and their influence on response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis SO ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ADENOSINE RELEASE; RISK-FACTOR; FOLIC-ACID; POPULATION; HAPLOTYPE; ASSOCIATION; EXPRESSION; DISEASE; MTHFR AB Background: The anti-folate drug methotrexate (MTX) is commonly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Objective: To determine the allele frequencies of five common coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in African-Americans and Caucasians with rheumatoid arthritis and controls to assess whether there are differences in allele frequencies among these ethnic or racial groups and whether these SNPs differentially affect the efficacy or toxicity of MTX. Methods: Allele frequencies in the 677, 1298 and 3 additional SNPs in the MTHFR coding region in 223 (193 Caucasians and 30 African-Americans) patients with rheumatoid arthritis who previously participated in one of two prospective clinical trials were characterised, and genotypes were correlated with the efficacy and toxicity of MTX. Another 308 subjects with rheumatoid arthritis who participated in observational studies, one group predominantly Caucasian and the other African-American, as well as 103 normal controls (53 African-Americans and 50 Caucasians) were used to characterise allele frequencies of these SNPs and their associated haplotypes. Results: Significantly different allele frequencies were seen in three of the five SNPs and haplotype frequencies between Caucasians and African- Americans. Allele frequencies were similar between patients with rheumatoid arthritis and controls of the same racial or ethnic group. Frequencies of the rs4846051C, 677T and 1298C alleles were 0.33, 0.11 and 0.13, respectively, among African- Americans with rheumatoid arthritis. Among Caucasians with rheumatoid arthritis, these allele frequencies were 0.08 (p < 0.001 compared with African-Americans with rheumatoid arthritis), 0.30 (p = 0.002) and 0.34 (p < 0.001), respectively. There was no association between SNP alleles or haplotypes and response to MTX as measured by the mean change in the 28-joint Disease Activity Score from baseline values. In Caucasians, the 1298 A (major) allele was associated with a significant increase in MTX-related adverse events characteristic of a recessive genetic effect (odds ratio 15.86, 95% confidence interval 1.51 to 167.01; p = 0.021), confirming previous reports. There was an association between scores of MTX toxicity and the rs4846051 C allele, and haplotypes containing this allele, in African- Americans, but not in Caucasians. Conclusions : These results, although preliminary, highlight racial or ethnic differences in frequencies of common MTHFR SNPs. The MTHFR 1298 A and the rs4846051 C alleles were associated with MTX-related adverse events in Caucasians and African- Americans, respectively, but these findings should be replicated in larger studies. The rs4846051 SNP, which is far more common in African- Americans than in Caucasians, can also be proved to be a useful ancestry informative marker in future studies on genetic admixture. C1 Univ Alabama, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Bridges, SL (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Clin Immunol & Rheumatol, 415 Lyons Harrison Res Bldg, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM LBridges@uab.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [K23 AR052051, P60 AR 48095, P60 AR048095] NR 40 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 4 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0003-4967 J9 ANN RHEUM DIS JI Ann. Rheum. Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 65 IS 9 BP 1213 EP 1218 DI 10.1136/ard.2005.046797 PG 6 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 073DI UT WOS:000239722600018 PM 16439441 ER PT J AU Wang, GQ Suzutani, T Yamamoto, Y Fukui, Y Nozawa, N Schmid, DS Kurane, I Inoue, N AF Wang, Guan-Qing Suzutani, Tatsuo Yamamoto, Yumiko Fukui, Yoshiko Nozawa, Naoki Schmid, D. Scott Kurane, Ichiro Inoue, Naoki TI Generation of a reporter cell line for detection of infectious varicella-zoster virus and its application to antiviral studies SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR USF; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; THYMIDINE KINASE; REPLICATION; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8; RESISTANCE; ACYCLOVIR; STRAINS; DRUGS; HERPESVIRUSES AB To simplify the titration of infectious varicella-zoster virus (VZV), we generated a reporter cell line that produced luciferase in a dose-dependent manner upon infection with cell-free VZV. A few VZV-infected cells were detectable by coculturing with the cell line. We demonstrated the usefulness of the cell line for antiviral studies. C1 Natl Inst Infect Dis, Lab Herpesviruses, Dept Virol 1, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. Fukushima Med Univ, Dept Microbiol, Fukushima, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Varicella Zoster Virus Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Inoue, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Infect Dis, Lab Herpesviruses, Dept Virol 1, Shinjuku Ku, 1-23-1 Toyama, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. EM ninoue@nih.go.jp NR 34 TC 8 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 9 BP 3142 EP 3145 DI 10.1128/AAC.00342-06 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 081DI UT WOS:000240297000034 PM 16940113 ER PT J AU Hilborn, ED Covert, TC Yakrus, MA Harris, SI Donnelly, SF Rice, EW Toney, S Bailey, SA Stelma, GN AF Hilborn, Elizabeth D. Covert, Terry C. Yakrus, Mitchell A. Harris, Stephanie I. Donnelly, Sandra F. Rice, Eugene W. Toney, Sean Bailey, Stephanie A. Stelma, Gerard N., Jr. TI Persistence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in a drinking water system after addition of filtration treatment SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; AVIUM COMPLEX; AIDS PATIENTS; PLANT PERFORMANCE; POTABLE WATER; INFECTION; INTRACELLULARE; IDENTIFICATION; SIMIAE AB There is evidence that drinking water may be a source of infections with pathogenic nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in humans. One method by which NTM are believed to enter drinking water distribution systems is by their intracellular colonization of protozoa. Our goal was to determine whether we could detect a reduction in the prevalence of NTM recovered from an unfiltered surface drinking water system after the addition of ozonation and filtration treatment and to characterize NTM isolates by using molecular methods. We sampled water from two initially unfiltered surface drinking water treatment plants over a 29-month period. One plant received the addition of filtration and ozonation after 6 months of sampling. Sample sites included those at treatment plant effluents, distributed water, and cold water taps (point-of-use [POU] sites) in public or commercial buildings located within each distribution system. NTM were recovered from 27% of the sites. POU sites yielded the majority of NTM, with > 50% recovery despite the addition of ozonation and filtration. Closely related electrophoretic groups of Mycobacterium avium were found to persist at POU sites for up to 26 months. Water collected from POU cold water outlets was persistently colonized with NTM despite the addition of ozonation and filtration to a drinking water system. This suggests that cold water POU outlets need to be considered as a potential source of chronic human exposure to NTM. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US EPA, Port Orchard, WA 98366 USA. US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Clark Cty Water Reclamat Dist, Las Vegas, NV USA. RP Hilborn, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD 58A, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hilborn.e@epa.gov NR 36 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 72 IS 9 BP 5864 EP 5869 DI 10.1128/AEM.00759-06 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 083QT UT WOS:000240474000024 PM 16957205 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Alderisio, KA Jiang, JL AF Xiao, Lihua Alderisio, Kerri A. Jiang, Jianlin TI Detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water: Effect of the number of samples and analytic replicates on test results SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION-AGENCY METHOD-1623; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SURFACE-WATER; PUBLIC-HEALTH; WASTE-WATER; GIARDIA; SPP.; RAW; GENOTYPES; PARVUM AB Due to the small number of Cryptosporidium oocysts in water, the number of samples taken and the analyses performed can affect the results of detection. In this study, 42 water samples were collected from one watershed during 20 storm events over I year, including duplicate or quadruplicate samples from 16 storm events. Ten samples from four events had three to eight subsamples. They were processed by EPA method 1623, and Cryptosporidium oocysts present were detected by immunofluorescent microscopy or PCP, Altogether, 24 of 39 samples (47 of 67 samples and subsamples) analyzed by microscopy were positive for Cryptosporidium. In contrast, 36 of 42 samples (62 of 76 samples and subsamples) were positive by PCR, including 10 microscopy-negative samples (13 microscopy-negative samples and subsamples). Six of the 24 microscopy-positive samples were negative by PCR, and all samples had one or less oocyst in a 0.5-ml packed pellet volume calculated. Discordant results were obtained by microscopy and PCR from six and three of the storm events, respectively, with multiple samples. Discordant microscopy or PCR results were also obtained among subsamples. Most of the 14 Cryptosporidium genotypes were found over a brief period. Cryptosporidium-positive samples had a mean of 1.9 genotypes per sample, with 39 of the 62 positive samples/subsamples having more than one genotype. Samples/subsamples with more than one genotype had an overall PCR-positive rate of 73%, compared to 34% for those with one genotype. The PCR amplification rate of samples was affected by the volume of DNA used in PCR. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. New York City Dept Environm Protect, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 72 IS 9 BP 5942 EP 5947 DI 10.1128/AEM.00927-06 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 083QT UT WOS:000240474000033 PM 16957214 ER PT J AU Daum, LT Canas, LC Klimov, AI Shaw, MW Gibbons, RV Shrestha, SK Myint, KS Acharya, RP Rimal, N Reese, F Niemeyer, DM Arulanandam, BP Chambers, JP AF Daum, L. T. Canas, L. C. Klimov, A. I. Shaw, M. W. Gibbons, R. V. Shrestha, S. K. Myint, K. S. Acharya, R. P. Rimal, N. Reese, F. Niemeyer, D. M. Arulanandam, B. P. Chambers, J. P. TI Molecular analysis of isolates from influenza B outbreaks in the US and Nepal, 2005 SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; HEMAGGLUTININS; EVOLUTION; LINEAGES; SEASONS AB Currently circulating influenza B viruses can be divided into two antigenically and genetically distinct lineages referred to by their respective prototype strains, B/Yamagata/16/88 and B/Victoria/2/87, based on amino acid differences in the hemagglutinin surface glycoprotein. During May and July 2005, clinical specimens from two early season influenza B outbreaks in Arizona and southeastern Nepal were subjected to antigenic (hemagglutinin inhibition) and nucleotide sequence analysis of hemagglutinin (HA1), neuraminidase (NA), and NB genes. All isolates exhibited little reactivity with the B/Shanghai/361/2002 (B/Yamagata-like) vaccine strain and significantly reduced reactivity with the previous 2003/04 B/Hong Kong/330/2001 (B/Victoria-like) vaccine strain. The majority of isolates were antigenically similar to B/Hawaii/33/2004, a B/Victoria-like reference strain. Sequence analysis indicated that 33 of 34 isolates contained B/Victoria-like HA and B/Yamagata-like NA and NB proteins. Thus, these outbreak isolates are both antigenically and genetically distinct from the current Northern Hemisphere vaccine virus strain as well as the previous 2003-04 B/Hong Kong/330/2001 (B/Victoria lineage) vaccine virus strain but are genetically similar to B/Malaysia/2506/2004, the vaccine strain proposed for the coming seasons in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Since these influenza B outbreaks occurred in two very distant geographical locations, these viruses may continue to circulate during the 2006 season, underscoring the importance of rapid molecular monitoring of HA, NA and NB for drift and reassortment. C1 USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, US Dept Def, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Univ Texas, AFIT, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Army Med Component, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Walter Reed AFRIMS Res Unit Nepa, WARUN, Kathmandu, Nepal. Assoc Med Doctors Asia Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal. USAF, Off Surgeon Gen, Modernizat Directorate, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Daum, LT (reprint author), USAF, Inst Operat Hlth, US Dept Def, 2503 Gillingham,175 West, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. EM luke.daum@brooks.af.mil RI Arulanandam, Bernard/O-9501-2014 NR 18 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 151 IS 9 BP 1863 EP 1874 DI 10.1007/s00705-006-0777-0 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 073EE UT WOS:000239725000014 PM 16736092 ER PT J AU Allen, KD Helmick, CG Renner, JB Woodard, J Jordan, JM AF Allen, Kelli D. Helmick, Charles G. Renner, Jordan B. Woodard, Janice Jordan, Joanne M. TI Differences in osteoarthritis symptoms and function between African Americans and Caucasians with knee or hip OA in a community sample. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877200063 ER PT J AU Allen, KD Helmick, CG Renner, JB Woodard, J Mordan, JM AF Allen, Kelli D. Helmick, Charles G. Renner, Jordan B. Woodard, Janice Mordan, Joanne M. TI Differences in osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms and function between African Americans and caucasians with knee or hip OA in a community sample. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Durham VA Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM-US JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S150 EP S150 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877200309 ER PT J AU Brady, TJ Jernick, S Sniezek, JE AF Brady, Teresa J. Jernick, Susan Sniezek, Joseph E. TI Weight loss messages for knee osteoarthritis: Attention-grabbing, credible, and non-motivating. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S778 EP S778 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877204262 ER PT J AU Callahan, LF Mielenz, T Shreffler, J Donahue, K Hootman, JM Brady, T AF Callahan, Leigh F. Mielenz, Thelma Shreffler, Jack Donahue, Katrina Hootman, Jennifer M. Brady, Teresa TI Randomized controlled trial (RCT) of active living every day (ALED) in individuals with arthritis. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Donahue, Katrina/E-7486-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S816 EP S817 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877204362 ER PT J AU Golightly, YM Allen, KD Renner, JB Helmick, CG Jordan, JM AF Golightly, Yvonne M. Allen, Kelli D. Renner, Jordan B. Helmick, Charles G. Jordan, Joanne M. TI Relationship of limb length inequality with hip and knee osteoarthritis. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S307 EP S308 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877201242 ER PT J AU Helmick, CG Bolen, J Hootman, JM Sacks, J Sniezek, J Murphy, LB Langmaid, G AF Helmick, Charles G. Bolen, Julie Hootman, Jennie M. Sacks, Jeffrey Sniezek, Joseph Murphy, Louise B. Langmaid, Gary TI Should we work together? Arthritis is a frequent co-morbid condition for adults with diabetes, cardiovascular disease and their risk factors. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S497 EP S498 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877202327 ER PT J AU Helmick, CG Bolen, J Woldman, B Sacks, J Langmaid, G AF Helmick, Charles G. Bolen, Julie Woldman, B. Sacks, Jeffrey Langmaid, Gary TI Do people with "possible arthritis" have arthritis? SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. N Caroline State Hlth Dept, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S345 EP S345 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877201336 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Schieb, L Helmick, CG AF Hootman, Jennifer M. Schieb, Linda Helmick, Charles G. TI Race/ethnic disparities in arthritis prevalence and impact, United States, 2002-03. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S60 EP S61 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877200066 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Schieb, L Helmick, CG AF Hootman, Jennifer M. Schieb, Linda Helmick, Charles G. TI Race/ethnic disparities in arthritis prevalence and impact, United States, 2002-03. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S825 EP S825 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877204384 ER PT J AU Murphy, L Yelin, E Cisternas, M Foreman, A Pasta, D Helmick, CG AF Murphy, Louise Yelin, Edward Cisternas, Miriam Foreman, Aimee Pasta, David Helmick, Charles G. TI Medical expenditures and earnings losses among persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions (AORC), United States, 2003 SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ovat Res Grp, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S786 EP S786 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877204285 ER PT J AU Murphy, L Helmick, CG Schwartz, T Tudor, G Koch, G Renner, JB Dragomir, A Kalsbeek, WD Luta, GR Jordan, JM AF Murphy, Louise Helmick, Charles G. Schwartz, Todd Tudor, Gail Koch, Gary Renner, Jordan B. Dragomir, Anca Kalsbeek, William D. Luta, Gheorghe Jordan, Joanne M. TI The lifetime risk of symptomatic hip osteoarthritis is one in four. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Husson Coll, Bangor, ME USA. RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012 OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S533 EP S534 PG 2 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877203003 ER PT J AU Murphy, L Helmick, CG Schwartz, T Tudor, G Koch, G Renner, JB Dragomir, A Kalsbeek, W Luta, G Jordan, JM AF Murphy, Louise Helmick, Charles G. Schwartz, Todd Tudor, Gail Koch, Gary Renner, Jordan B. Dragomir, Anca Kalsbeek, William Luta, Gheorge Jordan, Joanne M. TI The lifetime risk of symptomatic hip osteoarthritis in blacks and whites is comparable. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Husson Coll, Bangor, ME USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, GA USA. RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012 OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S48 EP S48 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877200033 ER PT J AU Theis, K Murphy, L Hootman, JM Helmick, CG Yelin, E AF Theis, Kristina Murphy, Louise Hootman, Jennifer M. Helmick, Charles G. Yelin, Ed TI Prevalence and correlates of arthritis-attributable work limitation in the US population among persons age 18-64, 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UCSF, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S498 EP S498 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877202328 ER PT J AU Theis, K Murphy, L Hootman, JM Helmick, CG Yelin, E AF Theis, Kristina Murphy, Louise Hootman, Jennifer M. Helmick, Charles G. Yelin, Ed TI Disparities in prevalence and correlates of arthritis-attributable work limitation in the US population among persons age 18-64, 2002 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data. SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American-College-of-Rheumatology/41st Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Rheumatology-Health-Professionals CY NOV 10-15, 2006 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Coll Rheumatol, Assoc Rheumatol Hlth Profess C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UCSF, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 54 IS 9 SU S BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 089JR UT WOS:000240877200062 ER PT J AU Hahn, DC Nemeth, NM Edwards, E Bright, PR Komar, N AF Hahn, D. C. Nemeth, Nicole M. Edwards, Eric Bright, Patricia R. Komar, Nicholas TI Passive West Nile virus antibody transfer from maternal Eastern Screech-Owls (Megascops asio) to progeny SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; flavivirus; bird; Eastern Screech-Owl; maternal antibody; passive transfer ID INFECTION; BIRDS AB Transovarial antibody transfer in owls has not been demonstrated for West Nile virus (WNV). We sampled chicks from captive adult WNV-antibody-positive Eastern Screech-Owls (Megascops asio) to evaluate the prevalence of transovarial maternal antibody transfer, as well as titers and duration of maternal antibodies. Twenty-four owlets aged 1 to 27 days old circulated detectable antibodies with neutralizing antibody titers ranging from 20 to 1600 (median 1:40). Demonstrating that WNV antibodies are passively transferred transovarially is important for accurate interpretation of serologic data from young birds. C1 Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Geol Survey, Patuxent Wildlife Res Ctr, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Wildlife Ctr Virginia, Waynesboro, VA 22980 USA. RP Nemeth, NM (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, 3801 W Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI ATHENS PA 953 COLLEGE STATION RD, ATHENS, GA 30602-4875 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 50 IS 3 BP 454 EP 455 DI 10.1637/7509-012606R1.1 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 088DU UT WOS:000240792500024 PM 17039850 ER PT J AU Song, RG Karon, JM White, E Goldbaum, G AF Song, Ruiguang Karon, John M. White, Edward Goldbaum, Gary TI Estimating the distribution of a renewal process from times at which events from an independent process are detected SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE HIV testing; length-biased sampling; renewal process ID HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; AIDS EPIDEMIC; UNITED-STATES; INCIDENCE RATES; LENGTH AB The analysis of length-biased data has been mostly limited to the interarrival interval of a renewal process covering a specific time point. Motivated by a surveillance problem, we consider a more general situation where this time point is random and related to a specific event, for example, status change or onset of a disease. We also consider the problem when additional information is available on whether the event intervals (interarrival intervals covering the random event) end within or after a random time period (which we call a window period) following the random event. Under the assumptions that the occurrence rate of the random event is low and the renewal process is independent of the random event, we provide formulae for the estimation of the distribution of interarrival times based on the observed event intervals. Procedures for testing the required assumptions are also furnished. We apply our results to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test data from public test sites in Seattle, Washington, where the random event is HIV infection and the window period is from the onset of HIV infection to the time at which a less sensitive HIV test becomes positive. Results show that the estimator of the intertest interval length distribution from event intervals ending within the window period is less biased than the estimator from all event intervals-, the latter estimator is affected by right truncation. Finally, we discuss possible applications to estimating HIV incidence and analyzing length-biased samples with right or left truncated data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emergint Corp, Louisville, KY 40206 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Song, RG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mail Stop E-48,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RSong@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 62 IS 3 BP 838 EP 846 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00536.x PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 086YE UT WOS:000240708300027 PM 16984327 ER PT J AU MacDorman, MF Declercq, E Menacker, F Malloy, MH AF MacDorman, Marian F. Declercq, Eugene Menacker, Fay Malloy, Michael H. TI Infant and neonatal mortality for primary Cesarean and vaginal births to women with "No indicated risk," United States, 1998-2001 birth cohorts SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article DE birth certificate; neonatal mortality; cesarean delivery; vaginal delivery; low-risk women ID DELIVERY; MODE; SECTION; BREECH; DEATH; BORN; TERM AB Background: The percentage of United States' births delivered by cesarean section has increased rapidly in recent years, even for women considered to be at low risk for a cesarean section. The purpose of this paper is to examine infant and neonatal mortality risks associated with primary cesarean section compared with vaginal delivery for singleton full-term (37-41 weeks' gestation) women with no indicated medical risks or complications. Methods: National linked birth and infant death data for the 1998-2001 birth cohorts (5,762,037 live births and 11,897 infant deaths) were analyzed to assess the risk of infant and neonatal mortality for women with no indicated risk by method of delivery and cause of death. Multivariable logistic regression was used to model neonatal survival probabilities as a function of delivery method, and sociodemographic and medical risk factors. Results: Neonatal mortality rates were higher among infants delivered by cesarean section (1.77 per 1,000 live births) than for those delivered vaginally (0.62). The magnitude of this difference was reduced only moderately on statistical adjustment for demographic and medical factors, and when deaths due to congenital malformations and events with Apgar scores less than 4 were excluded. The cesarean/vaginal mortality differential was widespread, and not confined to a few causes of death. Conclusions: Understanding the causes of these differentials is important, given the rapid growth in the number of primary cesareans without a reported medical indication. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP MacDorman, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, CDC, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 7318, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 34 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD SEP PY 2006 VL 33 IS 3 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1111/j.1523-536X.2006.00102.x PG 8 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 083ER UT WOS:000240439700002 PM 16948717 ER PT J AU Moleres, FJ Hunter, SB Belay, ED Schonberger, LB Zou, WQ Zaki, SR Gambetti, P AF Moleres, Francisco J. Hunter, Stephen B. Belay, Ermias D. Schonberger, Lawrence B. Zou, Wen-Quan Zaki, Sherif R. Gambetti, Pierluigi TI Organ distribution of scrapie prion protein (PRPSC) in new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease SO BRAIN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International Congress of Neuropathology CY SEP 10-15, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Emory Univ Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1015-6305 J9 BRAIN PATHOL JI Brain Pathol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 16 SU 1 MA 382 BP S172 EP S172 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 076EA UT WOS:000239938600383 ER PT J AU Schuetz, AN Gupta, M Zaki, SR Hunter, SB AF Schuetz, Audrey N. Gupta, M. Zaki, Sherif R. Hunter, Stephen B. TI The inflammatory variant of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Brain biopsies on three cases of PML SO BRAIN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 16th International Congress of Neuropathology CY SEP 10-15, 2006 CL San Francisco, CA C1 Emory Univ, Affiliated Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1015-6305 J9 BRAIN PATHOL JI Brain Pathol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 16 SU 1 MA 379 BP S170 EP S170 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 076EA UT WOS:000239938600380 ER PT J AU Reed, E Ahmed, F Jackson-Thompson, J Friedman, C German, RR Lai, SM Wingo, PA AF Reed, Eddie Ahmed, Faruque Jackson-Thompson, Jeannette Friedman, Carol German, Robert R. Lai, Sue-Min Wingo, Phyllis A. TI Foreword: Promoting the use of registry-based national cancer surveillance data for colorectal cancer prevention and control SO CANCER LA English DT Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Missouri, Missouri Canc Registry, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Management & Informat, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Kansas City, MO USA. Kansas Canc Registry, Kansas City, MO USA. RP Reed, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-52, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ereedl@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 SU S BP 1101 EP 1102 DI 10.1002/cncr.22006 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 079BT UT WOS:000240151200001 PM 16838313 ER PT J AU Jackson-Thompson, J Ahmed, F German, RR Lai, SM Friedman, C AF Jackson-Thompson, Jeannette Ahmed, Faruque German, Robert R. Lai, Sue-Min Friedman, Carol TI Descriptive epidemiology of colorectal cancer in the United States, 1998-2001 SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE colorectal neoplasms; cancer epidemiology; NPCR; SEER ID SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; PREVENTION; PROGRAM; NATION; TRENDS; RATES; YOUNG C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Management & Informat, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Missouri, Missouri Canc Registry, Columbia, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Kansas City, KS USA. Kansas Canc Registry, Kansas City, KS USA. RP Jackson-Thompson, J (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Hlth Management & Informat, 324 Clark Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM jacksonthompsonj@health.missouri.edu NR 61 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 SU S BP 1103 EP 1111 DI 10.1002/cncr.22007 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 079BT UT WOS:000240151200002 PM 16835911 ER PT J AU Matanoski, G Tao, XG Almon, L Adade, AA Davies-Cole, JO AF Matanoski, Genevieve Tao, Xuguang (Grant) Almon, Lyn Adade, Aaron A. Davies-Cole, John O. TI Demographics and tumor characteristics of colorectal cancers in the United States, 1998-2001 SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE colon cancer; rectal cancer; race; sex; ethnicity; trends; joinpoint analysis ID SUBSITE; COLON; RACE; CARCINOMA; NATION; GENDER; STAGE; AGE AB BACKGROUND. Descriptions of population characteristics for intestinal cancers frequently combine colon and rectal sites. However, some studies suggest that cancers of subsites in the intestinal tract may differ both by demographics and biology. Examination of colon and rectal cancers' characteristics separately could identify different risk profiles for these sites. METHODS. Data from combined National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) databases were examined for risk characteristics by age, race, sex, and ethnicity, as well as for SEER-reported trends over 27 years. RESULTS. Males had higher incidences of both colon and rectal cancers, but this predominance was greater for rectal cancers. Colon cancer rates were higher for blacks than for whites but rectal cancer rates were slightly higher for whites than for blacks. The change in incidence rates by race occurred abruptly at sites in the lower colon. Asians had low rates of colon cancer, but their rectal cancer rates were similar to those of blacks. Trends for both sites showed declines in incidence rates in whites, but slight to no change in blacks. Mortality in blacks increased until about 10 years ago. CONCLUSIONS. Colon and rectal cancer sites should be studied independently because of major differences in their characteristics. Age-specific incidence rates differ by race and site. Any effect from screening is difficult to demonstrate because of changes in procedures over time, resulting in different levels of effective detection in the intestinal tract, and because of slow acceptance of screening by the public. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Environm & Occupat Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Matanoski, G (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 111 Market Pl,Suite 850, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM gmatanos@jhsph.edu NR 17 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 SU S BP 1112 EP 1120 DI 10.1002/cncr.22008 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 079BT UT WOS:000240151200003 PM 16838314 ER PT J AU Wu, XC Cokkinides, V Chen, VW Nadel, M Ren, Y Martin, J Ellison, GL AF Wu, Xiaocheng Cokkinides, Vilma Chen, Vivien W. Nadel, Marion Ren, Yuan Martin, Jim Ellison, Gary L. TI Associations of subsite-specific colorectal cancer incidence rates and stage of disease at diagnosis with county-level poverty, by race and sex SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE colorectal cancer; proximal colon cancer; distal colon cancer; rectal cancer; race; white; black; county poverty; stage at diagnosis; cancer registry; NPCR; SEER ID DISPARITIES GEOCODING PROJECT; FECAL OCCULT-BLOOD; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; RISK; AREA; GENDER; ADULTS; COLON AB BACKGROUND. This study examined associations of subsite-specific colorectal cancer incidence rates and stage of the disease with county-level poverty. METHODS. The 1998-2001 colorectal cancer incidence data, covering 75% of the United States population, were from 38 states and metropolitan areas. The county-level poverty data were categorized into 3 groups according to the percentage of the population below the poverty level in 1999: < 10% (low-poverty), 10%-19%(middle-poverty), and >= 20% (high-poverty). Age-adjusted subsite-specific incidence rates (for all ages) and stage-specific incidence rates (for ages >= 50) were examined by race (whites and blacks), sex, and the county's poverty level. The differences in the incidence rates were examined using the 2-tailed z-statistic. RESULTS. The incidence rates of proximal colon cancer were higher among white males (11% higher) and white females (15% higher) in the low-poverty than in the high-poverty counties. No differences across county poverty levels were observed among whites for distal colon and rectal cancers or among blacks for all the subsites. The late-to-early stage incidence rate ratios were higher in the high-poverty than in the low-poverty counties among white and black males for distal colon and rectal cancers, among white females for distal colon cancer, and among black females for rectal cancer. For proximal colon cancer, however, the late-to-early stage rate ratios were similar across all county poverty levels. CONCLUSIONS. Higher incidence rates of proximal cancer were observed among white males and females in the low-poverty counties relative to the high-poverty counties. The higher late-to-early stage rate ratios in high-poverty than in low-poverty counties is observed for distal colon and rectal cancers, but not for proximal colon cancer. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Louisian Tumor Registry, Program Epidemiol,Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. ACS, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Macro Int Inc, Natl Program Canc Registries, Canc Surveillance Syst, Bethesda, MD USA. Virginia Canc Registry, Richmond, VA USA. RP Wu, XC (reprint author), 1600 Canal St,Suite 900A, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM xwu@lsuhsc.edu NR 38 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 4 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 SU S BP 1121 EP 1127 DI 10.1002/cncr.22009 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 079BT UT WOS:000240151200004 PM 16802324 ER PT J AU Stewart, SL Wike, JM Kato, I Lewis, DR Michaud, F AF Stewart, Sherri L. Wike, Jennifer M. Kato, Ikuko Lewis, Denise R. Michaud, Frances TI A population-based study of colorectal cancer histology in the United States, 1998-2001 SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE colorectal; cancer; histology; adenocarcinoma; signet ring; sarcoma; mucin; epidemiology; surveillance ID RING CELL-CARCINOMA; 40 YEARS OLD; TUMORS; COLON; RECTUM; ADENOCARCINOMAS; SURVIVAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPERIENCE; POLYPS AB BACKGROUND. Histology is an important factor in the etiology, treatment, and prognosis of cancer. The purpose of this study was to descriptively characterize colorectal cancer (CRC) histology in the United States population. METHODS. Data from cancer registries in the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) or Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, representing 88% of the U.S. population, were used in the study. The analysis included 522,630 microscopically confirmed CRC cases diagnosed from 1998-2001. RESULTS. About 96% of CRCs were adenocarcinomas, approximately 2% were other specified carcinomas (including carcinoid tumors), about 0.4% were epidermoid carcinomas, and about 0.08% were sarcomas. The proportion of epidermoid carcinomas, mucin-producing carcinomas, and carcinoid tumors was greater among females. Several histologic patterns with regard to race and ethnicity existed, including a higher percentage of carcinoid tumors among most non-white populations. With respect to age, higher percentages of sarcomas, mucin-producing adenocarcinomas, signet ring cell tumors, and carcinoid tumors were found in individuals under age 40. Overall, adenocarcinomas were more likely to be diagnosed at regional stages with moderate differentiation. Compared with other adenocarcinomas, signet ring cell tumors were more often poorly differentiated and were at distant stage at diagnosis. Carcinoid tumors and sarcomas were mainly poorly differentiated and were at localized stage at diagnosis. Small cell carcinomas were more likely undifferentiated and were at distant stage at diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS. To date, this is the largest population-based study to analyze CRC histology in the United States. Distinct demographic and clinical patterns associated with different histologies may be helpful for future epidermiologic, laboratory, and clinical studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, NPCR Contractor, Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Pathol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Stewart, SL (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Highway,K-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sstewart2@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 SU S BP 1128 EP 1141 DI 10.1002/cncr.22010 PG 14 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 079BT UT WOS:000240151200005 PM 16802325 ER PT J AU Fairley, TL Cardinez, CJ Martin, J Alley, L Friedman, C Edwards, B Jamison, P AF Fairley, Temeika L. Cardinez, Cheryll J. Martin, Jim Alley, Linda Friedman, Carol Edwards, Brenda Jamison, Patricia TI Colorectal cancer in US adults younger than 50 years of age, 1998-2001 SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE young adults; colorectal; cancer; incidence; colon; rectal; screening ID PATIENTS LESS; UNITED-STATES; COLON-CANCER; CARCINOMA; POPULATION; SUBSITE; RATES; STAGE; RISK; RACE AB BACKGROUND. Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence rates are increasing among persons younger than 50 years of age, a population routinely not screened unless an individual has a high risk of CRC. This population-based study focuses primarily on describing the CRC burden for persons in this age group. METHODS. The data used for this study were derived from the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) surveillance systems. Age-adjusted incidence rates, rate ratios, and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were calculated. RESULTS. CRC is ranked among the top 10 cancers occurring in males and females aged 20-49 years regardless of race. Persons younger than 50 years were more likely to present with less localized and more distant disease than do older adults. Among younger adults, age-adjusted incidence rates for poorly differentiated cancers were twice as high as rates for well-differentiated cancers. Incidence rates for poorly differentiated cancers were 60% higher than that for well-differentiated cancers diagnosed in older adults. Rates were significantly higher for blacks and significantly lower for Asians/Pacific Islanders when compared with that for whites for the most demographic and tumor characteristics examined. CONCLUSIONS. This study confirms the findings of previous population-based studies suggesting that younger patients present with more advanced disease than do older patients. This study also identifies racial and ethnic disparities in CRC incidence in this population. These findings suggest the need for additional studies to understand the behavior and etiology of CRC in blacks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Comprehens Canc Control Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Virginia Canc Registry, Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. NCI, Canc Surveillance Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Fairley, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Comprehens Canc Control Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE K-57, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tfairley@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 SU S BP 1153 EP 1161 DI 10.1002/cncr.22012 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 079BT UT WOS:000240151200007 PM 16862554 ER PT J AU Ahmed, F Goodman, MT Kosary, C Ruiz, B Wu, XC Chen, VW Correa, CN AF Ahmed, Faruque Goodman, Marc T. Kosary, Carol Ruiz, Bernardo Wu, Xiao-Cheng Chen, Vivien W. Correa, Catherine N. TI Excess risk of subsequent primary cancers among colorectal carcinoma survivors, 1975-2001 SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE colorectal neoplasms; second primary neoplasms; uterine neoplasms; ovarian neoplasms; stomach neoplasms; gastrointestinal neoplasms; pancreatic neoplasms; prostatic neoplasms; kidney neoplasms; breast neoplasms ID 2ND PRIMARY CANCERS; PROSTATE-CANCER; BRAIN-TUMORS; ASSOCIATION; COLON; RECTUM; SITES; NEOPLASMS AB BACKGROUND. Studies of persons with colorectal cancer have reported increased risk of subsequent primary cancers. Results have not been consistent, however, and there is little information about such risk in specific races and ethnic populations. METHODS. Using 1975-2001 data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, we assembled 262,600 index cases of colorectal carcinoma to assess the occurrence of subsequent primary cancers in 13 noncolonic sites. Observed (0) subsequent cancers were compared with those expected (E) based on age-/sex-/race-/year-/site-specific rates in the SEER population. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and the absolute excess risk (AER) represent 'O divided by E' and 'O - E,' respectively. RESULTS. Colorectal carcinoma patients had significantly elevated SIRs for small gut, stomach (males), kidney, and corpus uteri cancers, ranging from 1.13 for stomach cancer in males to 3.45 for small gut cancer in females. Elevated SIRs for additional sites were seen in certain population subgroups: pancreas and ovary in persons aged < 50 years, and prostate in black males. The excess burden, as assessed by AER, was notable for prostate cancer in black males and for corpus uteri cancer in females aged < 50 years (26.5 and 9.5 cancers per 10,000 person-years, respectively), and it persisted beyond 5 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS. Although significantly elevated SIRs were found for several cancers, the excess burden was notable only for cancer of the prostate in black males and of the corpus uteri in females under age 50. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Canc Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NCI, Canc Stat Branch, Surveillance Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Rockville, MD USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Louisiana Tumor Registry, Epidemiol Program,Sch Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Ahmed, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Canc Surveillance Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fahmed@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 SU S BP 1162 EP 1171 DI 10.1002/cncr.22013 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 079BT UT WOS:000240151200008 PM 16838312 ER PT J AU Lai, SM Zhang, KB Uhler, RJ Harrison, JN Clutter, GG Williams, MA AF Lai, Sue-Min Zhang, Kevin B. Uhler, Robert J. Harrison, Jovanka N. Clutter, Gayle G. Williams, Melanie A. TI Geographic variation in the incidence of colorectal cancer in the United States, 1998-2001 SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE colorectal cancer; incidence rate; geographic variation ID COLON CANCER; BREAST; PROSTATE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WOMEN; BLACK; FIBER; TWINS AB BACKGROUND. This study examined the incidence rates and risk factors for colorectal cancer in 9 geographic divisions in the United States. METHODS. The colorectal cancer cases were diagnosed between 1998 and 2001 in 39 states and the District of Columbia (grouped into 9 geographic divisions in the United States). The association between colorectal cancer and geographic division was analyzed using the Poisson regression model controlling for demographics and ecologic measures of education, behavioral factors and colorectal cancer screening data extracted from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. RESULTS. The age-adjusted incidence rates of colorectal cancer were highest in the Middle Atlantic division, followed by New England division, East and West North Central divisions, East South Central and South Atlantic divisions, West South Central and Pacific divisions, with the lowest rate observed in the Mountain division. Old age, male gender, black race, less than a twelfth-grade education, smoking, and no physical activity were significantly associated with higher incidence rates of colorectal cancer, whereas having sigmoidoscopy/colonoscopy in the past 5 years, fecal occult blood test in the past year, and obesity were associated with lower incidence rates of colorectal cancer. The relative ranking of incidence rates of colorectal cancer across divisions changed after adjusting for these factors. CONCLUSIONS. Significant geographic variation in colorectal cancer exists in the United States. Risk factors, including demographics, education, behavior, and screening use, can only partially explain the differences across geographic divisions. C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Kansas Canc Registry, Kansas City, KS USA. ORC Macro, Macro Int, Calverton, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, New York State Canc Registry, New York, NY USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. RP Lai, SM (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, 3901 Rainbow Blvd,Mail Stop 1008, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. EM slai@kumc.edu NR 30 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 SU S BP 1172 EP 1180 DI 10.1002/cncr.22014 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 079BT UT WOS:000240151200009 PM 16838315 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Richards, TB Thompson, T Miller, BA VanEenwyk, J Goodman, MT Sherman, RL AF Coughlin, Steven S. Richards, Thomas B. Thompson, Trevor Miller, Barry A. VanEenwyk, Juliet Goodman, Marc T. Sherman, Recinda L. TI Rural/nonrural differences in colorectal cancer incidence in the United States, 1998-2001 SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE Asians and Pacific Islanders; blacks; colorectal cancer; Hispanics; incidence; poverty ID RATES; WOMEN; MEN AB BACKGROUND. Few studies of colorectal cancer incidence by rural, suburban, and metropolitan residence have been published. METHODS. The authors examined colorectal cancer incidence among men and women in U.S. counties classified as rural, suburban, and metropolitan for the period 1998-2001. They examined rural/suburban/metropolitan differences in incidence by age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, stage at diagnosis, histology, and percentage of the total county population below the poverty level, using data from the CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries, the NCI's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program, and the 2000 U.S. Census. RESULTS. A total of 495,770 newly diagnosed or incident cases of colorectal cancer were included in this analysis (249,919 among men and 245,851 among women). Over the period 1998-2001, the colorectal cancer incidence rates among men tended to be lower among those who resided in rural areas, for each of the subgroups examined, with the exception of Asians and Pacific Islanders and those living in more affluent counties. Among women aged 75 years and older, the colorectal cancer incidence rates tended to be lower among rural than metropolitan or suburban residents, though the differences were slight. In multivariate analysis, the incidence of colorectal cancer was higher in metropolitan, suburban, and rural areas for blacks than that for whites (incidence rate ratios [RR] 1.12, 1.07, and 1.06, respectively, all P < 0.015). CONCLUSIONS. This study suggests that black men who reside in metropolitan areas have a higher risk of colorectal cancer than black men who reside in rural areas. This finding suggests the need for diverse approaches for reducing colorectal cancer when targeting rural compared with metropolitan areas. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Canc State Branch, Div Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Oregon State Canc Registry, Portland, OR USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sic9@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 SU S BP 1181 EP 1188 DI 10.1002/cncr.22015 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 079BT UT WOS:000240151200010 PM 16802323 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Costanza, ME Fernandez, ME Glanz, K Lee, JW Smith, SA Stroud, L Tessaro, I Wesffall, JM Weissfeld, JL Blumenthal, DS AF Coughlin, Steven S. Costanza, Mary E. Fernandez, Maria E. Glanz, Karen Lee, Judith W. Smith, Selina A. Stroud, Leonardo Tessaro, Irene Wesffall, John M. Weissfeld, Joel L. Blumenthal, Daniel S. TI CDC-funded intervention research aimed at promoting colorectal cancer screening in communities SO CANCER LA English DT Review DE African Americans; colonoscopy; colorectal cancer; cancer prevention and control; FOBT; Hispanics; rural health; sigmoidoscopy ID UNITED-STATES; TESTS AB BACKGROUND. Although strong scientific evidence has shown that screening for colorectal. cancer saves lives, most U.S. adults who are at the recommended age are not being screened. Prior studies suggest that barriers to routine screening vary by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, urban/rural residence, health insurance status, and factors related to health care providers and the health care environment. Relatively few studies, however, have identified and tested intervention approaches to promote routine colorectal cancer screening among diverse populations. METHODS. The Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at CDC has funded ongoing projects to develop and test interventions to promote routine colorectal cancer screening among medically underserved populations in Appalachia, the Lower Rio Grande Valley in Texas, the High Plains region of Colorado, and other U.S. communities. RESULTS. This article provides an overview of colorectal cancer screening intervention studies currently funded by CDC that focus on a wide range of populations, including medically underserved persons who live in predominately rural areas, Hispanic and non-Hispanic persons, urban African Americans, persons with low health literacy, and persons enrolled in managed care organizations. CONCLUSIONS. These CDC-funded intervention research projects are likely to contribute importantly to evidence about what works to promote colorectal cancer screening in diverse U.S. communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth & Prevent Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Prevent Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. W Virginia Univ, Sch Nursing, Morgantown, WV USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Family Med, Aurora, CO USA. Hlth Sci Ctr, Aurora, CO USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sic9@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [U54 CA118638] NR 16 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 107 IS 5 SU S BP 1196 EP 1204 DI 10.1002/cncr.22017 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 079BT UT WOS:000240151200012 PM 16802326 ER PT J AU Shortliffe, EH Sondik, EJ AF Shortliffe, Edward H. Sondik, Edward J. TI The public health informatics infrastructure: anticipating its role in cancer SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Review DE information technology; health information infrastructure; cancer care and surveillance; electronic medical records; acceptance of computing technology AB Cancer information and surveillance, historically conducted with manual data collection and submission, are viewed increasingly as inherently dependent on the effective application of information science. One challenge is to use information technology (IT) in a manner that improves cancer-related decision-making and ultimately the quality of care that is offered to patients with cancer. In this article we begin by envisioning a future view of IT-supported surveillance and care that can be made available for application in cancer and its management. We then ask what barriers need to be overcome and what forces are at work that may help us in our efforts to effect the necessary changes. Our future vision for surveillance and information, although appealing and widely shared, requires major cultural change, financial investment, and logistical planning. Competition in the medical marketplace, coupled with fiscal pressures affecting providers and health systems, suggests that leadership for regional and national coordination will need to come from elsewhere-and likely from governments. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, New York, NY 10027 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Publ Hlth Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shortliffe, EH (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Biomed Informat, Morningside Hts, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM shortliffe@dbmi.columbia.edu NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 7 BP 861 EP 869 DI 10.1007/s10552-006-0028-4 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 063SO UT WOS:000239040100001 PM 16841254 ER PT J AU Norman, SA Localio, AR Zhou, L Weber, AL Coates, RJ Malone, KE Bernstein, L Marchbanks, PA Liff, JM Lee, NC Nadel, MR AF Norman, Sandra A. Localio, A. Russell Zhou, Lan Weber, Anita L. Coates, Ralph J. Malone, Kathleen E. Bernstein, Leslie Marchbanks, Polly A. Liff, Jonathan M. Lee, Nancy C. Nadel, Marion R. TI Benefit of screening mammography in reducing the rate of late-stage breast cancer diagnoses (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE mass screening; mammography; case-control studies; breast neoplasms; age groups; premenopause; postmenopause ID RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; WOMEN; GUIDELINES; ACCURACY; EFFICACY; INTERVAL; DENSITY; OBESITY; RISK; AGE AB We studied the benefit of modern mammography screening in community settings, evaluating age-related differences in rates of late-stage breast cancer detection. Our multicenter population-based case-control study included 931 black and white women with incident breast cancer (American Joint Commission on Cancer Stage IIB or higher) diagnosed 1994-1998 and 4,016 randomly sampled controls never diagnosed with breast cancer. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) estimated the relative rate of late-stage diagnosis in screened and non-screened women. Women aged 50-64 at diagnosis with at least one screening mammogram in the previous 2 years were significantly less likely to have late-stage diagnosis (OR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.33-0.52). Results for women aged 40-49 were consistent with a screening benefit, although the confidence interval marginally overlapped the null (OR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.64-1.02). Mammography screening was associated with lower rates of late-stage breast cancer among both premenopausal (OR = 0.64, 95% CI 0.50-0.81) and postmenopausal (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.35-0.56) women. With modern mammography in the community, rates of late-stage breast cancer diagnoses are lower in screened compared to non-screened women ages 40 and older, but age-related differences persist. C1 Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Norman, SA (reprint author), Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, 801 Blockley Hall,423 Guardian Dr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM snorman@cceb.med.upenn.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-PC67006, N01-PC-67010, N01-CN-0532, N01-CN-65064]; NICHD NIH HHS [Y01-HD-7022, N01-HD-3-3176, N01-HD-3-3174, N01-HD-2-3166, N01-HD-3-3168, N01-HD-3-3175]; PHS HHS [200-2002-00370] NR 42 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 7 BP 921 EP 929 DI 10.1007/s10552-006-0029-3 PG 9 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 063SO UT WOS:000239040100006 PM 16841259 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Markowitz, LE AF Dunne, Eileen F. Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Genital human papillomavirus infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT RESPIRATORY PAPILLOMATOSIS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; GRADE CERVICAL LESIONS; HPV TYPE DISTRIBUTION; PARTICLE VACCINE; YOUNG-WOMEN; NATURAL-HISTORY; AMERICAN YOUTH; RISK-FACTORS AB Over the past few decades, epidemiology and natural history studies have led to improved understanding of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and to promising prevention strategies. HPV infection is the cause of anogenital warts and cervical cancer, as well as a proportion of other anogenital and head and neck cancers. Data from clinical trials have resulted in recommendations that support the use of an HPV test in the context of cervical cancer screening and management. Prophylactic HPV vaccine trials have demonstrated high efficacy, and an HPV vaccine that prevents cervical cancer precursors, cervical cancer, and anogenital warts caused by HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 was licensed for use in girls and women aged 9-26 years by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 2006. In this article, we review genital HPV for the clinician, with a primary focus on the prevalence of HPV infection in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHHSTP, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dunne, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHHSTP, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Dde9@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 63 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 624 EP 629 DI 10.1086/505982 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 071TY UT WOS:000239627000015 PM 16886157 ER PT J AU Hageman, JC Liedtke, LA Sunenshine, RH Strausbaugh, LJ McDonald, LC Tenover, FC AF Hageman, Jeffrey C. Liedtke, Laura A. Sunenshine, Rebecca H. Strausbaugh, Larry J. McDonald, L. Clifford Tenover, Fred C. CA Infectous Dis Soc Amer Emergin Inf TI Management of persistent Bacteremia caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: A survey of infectious diseases consultants SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VANCOMYCIN SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENDOCARDITIS AB We conducted a survey in 2005 of infectious diseases consultants and asked about persistent bacteremia due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Many consultants perceived an increase in the frequency of illness, and, when presented with vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentrations approaching the limit of the susceptible range, most consultants indicated that they would switch to newer antimicrobial agents for treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Hageman, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MailStop A-35, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM jhageman@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP E42 EP E45 DI 10.1086/506568 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 071TY UT WOS:000239627000028 PM 16886141 ER PT J AU Saxena, S Copas, AJ Mercer, C Johnson, AM Fenton, K Eren, B Nanchahal, K Macdowall, W Wellings, K AF Saxena, Sonia Copas, Andrew J. Mercer, Catherine Johnson, Anne M. Fenton, Kevin Eren, Bob Nanchahal, Kiran Macdowall, Wendy Wellings, Kaye TI Ethnic variations in sexual activity and contraceptive use: national cross-sectional survey SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE ethnic groups; sexual behavior; contraception; Indian; Pakistani; black African; black Caribbean ID GENERAL PRACTICES; LIFE-STYLE; BEHAVIORS; BRITAIN; LONDON; RISK AB Objectives: Our objective was to compare data on contraceptive use in relation to reported sexual activity in women from different minority ethnic groups. Design: We analyzed the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles 2000. Subjects: Women aged 16-44 years, numbering 6932 and residing in Britain, participated in this study. Main Outcome Measures: Our main outcome measures are as follows: percentage of women reporting sexual activity, use of contraception and type of contraception (hormonal, barrier or permanent methods). Results: Overall, fewer women from the LTK's four main ethnic minority groups reported recent sexual activity, compared with white women. Among sexually active women, contraceptive use was significantly lower in all ethnic minority groups than in white women, but this pattern differed according to marital status. In ever-married or cohabiting women, lower contraceptive use was reported by Indian (78%) and Pakistani women (74%) than by other groups. Among single women, black Caribbean (88%) and black African (82%) women reported using less contraception compared with white (95%) and Indian (100%) women. Women from all ethnic minority groups were less likely than white women to report using hormonal contraception and permanent methods and were more likely to use barrier methods. The differences between ethnic groups remained significant after adjusting for educational achievement and parity. Deprivation and acculturation did not account for the use of contraception or the type of contraceptive method used. Conclusion: Sexually active married Pakistani and Indian women reported the lowest overall use of contraception. Among sexually active single women, black African and black Caribbean women reported levels of contraceptive use that were lower than those reported by white women. Sexually active women from all four minority ethnic groups were less likely than white women to use reliable methods of contraception. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Imperial Coll, Div Epidemiol Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Dept Primary Care & Social Med, London W6 8RP, England. UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll, Sch Med, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, Dept Primary Care & Populat Sci, London WC1E 6AU, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Social Res, London EC1V 0AX, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Ctr Sexual & Reprod Hlth Res, Dept Publ Hlth & Policy, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Saxena, S (reprint author), Imperial Coll, Div Epidemiol Publ Hlth & Primary Care, Dept Primary Care & Social Med, London Charing Cross Campus, London W6 8RP, England. EM s.saxena@imperial.ac.uk RI Saxena, Sonia/G-4821-2013; OI Saxena, Sonia/0000-0003-3787-2083; Macdowall, Wendy/0000-0001-5868-8336; Copas, Andrew/0000-0001-8968-5963; Mercer, Catherine/0000-0002-4220-5034 FU Department of Health [PDA/02/06/076] NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD SEP PY 2006 VL 74 IS 3 BP 224 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2006.03.025 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 078ES UT WOS:000240085500006 PM 16904416 ER PT J AU Wang, J Williams, DE Narayan, KMV Geiss, LS AF Wang, Jing Williams, Desmond E. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Geiss, Linda S. TI Declining death rates from hyperglycemic crisis among adults with diabetes, US, 1985-2002 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICANS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; INSULIN THERAPY; KETOACIDOSIS; MANAGEMENT; TRENDS; CARE; ACCURACY; OUTCOMES AB OBJECTIVE - To examine trends in death rates for hyper glycemic crisis (diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state) among adults with diabetes in the U.S. from 1985 to 2002. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Deaths with hyperglycemic crisis as the underlying cause were identified from national mortality data. Death rates were calculated using estimates of adults with diabetes from the National Health Interview Survey as the denominator and age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. population. The trends from 1985 to 2002 were teste using joinpoint regression analysis. RESULTS - Deaths due to hyperglycemic crisis dropped from 2,989 in 1985 to 2,459 in 2002. During the time period, age-adjusted death rates decreased from 42.4 to 23.8 per 100,000 adults with diabetes (4.4% decrease per year, P for trend < 0.01). Death rates declined in all age-groups, with the greatest decrease occurring among individuals aged >= 65 years. Age-adjusted death rates fell for all race-sex subgroups, with black men experiencing the smallest decline. About one-fifth of deaths occurred at home or on arrival at the hospital, and the death rates for hyperglycemic crisis occurring at these places declined only modestly over time (2.1% decrease per year, P for trend = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS - Overall death rates due to hyperglycemic crisis among adults with diabetes have declined in the U.S. However, scope for further improvement remains, especially to further reduce death rates among black men and to prevent deaths occurring at home. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zrr4@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2006 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2018 EP 2022 DI 10.2337/dc06-0311 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 083LG UT WOS:000240456800004 PM 16936146 ER PT J AU Ackermann, RT Stevens, M Thompson, TJ Brown, AF Selby, JV Narayan, KMV Safford, MM AF Ackermann, Ronald T. Stevens, Mark Thompson, Theodore J. Brown, Arleen F. Selby, Joseph V. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Safford, Monika M. TI Is the number of documented diabetes process-of-care indicators associated with cardiometabolic risk factor levels, patient satisfaction, or self-rated quality of diabetes care? The Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL; HEALTH-CARE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; MANAGED-CARE; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CHRONIC DISEASE; PREVENTION; COMPLICATIONS; VALIDATION; REDUCTION AB OBJECTIVE - Simple process-of-care indicators are commonly recommended to assess and compare quality of diabetes care across health plans. We sought to determine whether variation in the number of simple diabetes processes of care across provider groups is associated with variation in other quality indicators, including cardiometabolic risk factor levels, patient satisfaction with care, or patient-rated quality of care. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We used cross-sectional survey and chart audit data for 8,733 patients with diabetes who received care from 68 provider groups nested in 10 health plans that participated in the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes study. Analyses using hierarchical regression models assessed associations of the mean number of seven simple process measures with each of the following: HbA(1c) (AIC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), HDL and LDL cholesterol levels, patient satisfaction with care, and patient-rated quality of care. RESULTS - After adjusting for case-mix differences across groups and plans an average of, one additional documented process of care for each patient in a group or plan was associated with significantly lower mean LDL cholesterol levels (-4.51 mg/dl [95% CI 1.46-7.58]) but not with AIC, SBP, or HDL cholesterol levels. The number of care processes documented was associated with patient satisfaction measures and self-rated quality of diabetes care. CONCLUSIONS - Variation in the number of simple process-of-care indicators across provider groups or health plans is associated with differences in patient-centered measures of quality, but assessment of the quality of cardiometabolic risk factor control will require more advanced clinical performance indicators. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Prevent Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ackermann, RT (reprint author), 250 Univ Blvd,Suite 122, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM rtackerm@iupui.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2006 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2108 EP 2113 DI 10.2337/dc06-0633 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 083LG UT WOS:000240456800019 PM 16936161 ER PT J AU Narayan, KMV Saaddine, JB Boyle, JP Thompson, TJ Geiss, LS AF Narayan, K. M. Venkat Saaddine, Jinan B. Boyle, James P. Thompson, Theodore J. Geiss, Linda S. TI Impact of recent increase in incidence on future diabetes burden - US, 2005-2050 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-DAKOTA; PREVALENCE; MELLITUS; DISEASE; ADULTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Narayan, KMV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kav4@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 20 TC 290 Z9 299 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2006 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2114 EP 2116 DI 10.2337/dc06-1136 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 083LG UT WOS:000240456800020 PM 16936162 ER PT J AU Kirk, JK D'Agostino, RB Bell, RA Passmore, LV Bonds, DE Karter, AJ Narayan, KMV AF Kirk, Julienne K. D'Agostino, Ralph B., Jr. Bell, Ronny A. Passmore, Leah V. Bonds, Denise E. Karter, Andrew J. Narayan, K. M. Venkat TI Disparities in HbA(1c) levels between African-American and non-Hispanic white adults with diabetes - A meta-analysis SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-INSURANCE COVERAGE; STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; QUALITY-OF-CARE; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; ETHNIC DISPARITIES; MANAGED-CARE; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; FETAL-HEMOGLOBIN; UNITED-STATES AB OBJECTIVE - Among individuals with diabetes, a comparison of HbA(1c), (A1C) levels between African Americans and non-Hispanic whites was evaluated. Data sources included PubMed, Web of Science, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, the Cochrane Library, the Combined Health Information Database, and the Education Resources Information Center. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We executed a search for articles published between 1993 and 2005. Data on sample size, age, sex, A1C, geographical location, and study design were extracted. Cross-sectional data and baseline data from clinical trials and cohort studies for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites with diabetes were included. Diabetic subjects aged < 18 years and those with pre-diabetes or gestational diabetes were excluded. We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the difference in the mean values of A1C for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites. RESULTS - A total of 391 studies were reviewed, of which 78 contained A1C data. Eleven had data on A1C for African Americans and non-Hispanic whites and met selection criteria. A meta-analysis revealed the standard effect to be 0.31 (95% CI 0.39-0.25). This standard effect correlates to an A1C difference between groups of similar to 0.65%, indicating a higher A1C across studies for African Americans. Grouping studies by study type (cross-sectional or cohort), method of data collection for A1C (chart review or blood draw), and insurance status (managed care or nonmanaged care) showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS - The higher A1C observed in this meta-analysis among African Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites may contribute to disparity in diabetes morbidity and mortality in this population. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kirk, JK (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM jkirk@wfubmc.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; Dagostino Jr, Ralph/C-4060-2017 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Dagostino Jr, Ralph/0000-0002-3550-8395 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK065664, R01 DK065664-02, R01 DK065664-03] NR 46 TC 140 Z9 143 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2006 VL 29 IS 9 BP 2130 EP 2136 DI 10.2337/dc05-1973 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 083LG UT WOS:000240456800025 PM 16936167 ER PT J AU El-Mohamady, H Abdel-Messih, IA Youssef, FG Said, M Farag, H Shaheen, HI Rockabrand, DM Luby, SB Hajjeh, R Sanders, JW Monteville, MR Klena, JD Frenck, RW AF El-Mohamady, Hanon Abdel-Messih, Ibrahim A. Youssef, Fouad G. Said, Mohamad Farag, Hossaini Shaheen, Hind I. Rockabrand, David M. Luby, Stephen B. Hajjeh, Rana Sanders, John W. Monteville, Marshall R. Klena, John D. Frenck, Robert W. TI Enteric pathogens associated with diarrhea in children in Fayoum, Egypt SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Egypt; enteric pathogens; Cryptosporidium ID ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; RURAL EGYPT; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; BURDEN; COHORT; TRENDS AB In a cross-sectional study of children < 60 months old from Fayoum, Egypt, presenting with diarrhea, 46% (162/356) had detectable enteric pathogens. Bacterial pathogens were identified in 25% (89/356), whereas rotavirus and Cryptosporidium were detected in 21% (54/253) and 15% (39/253), respectively. Cryptosporidium is an important pathogen in this region. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Unit N3, Enter Dis Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Cairo, Egypt. RP El-Mohamady, H (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit N3, Enter Dis Res Program, Box 5000,FPO,AE 098350007, Cairo, Egypt. EM mohamadyh@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 16 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 56 IS 1 BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.02.007 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 084XP UT WOS:000240568000001 PM 16675181 ER PT J AU Levy, MZ Bowman, NM Kawai, V Waller, LA del Carpio, JGC Benzaquen, EC Gilman, RH Bern, C AF Levy, Michael Zachary Bowman, Natalie M. Kawai, Vivian Waller, Lance A. del Carpio, Juan Geny Cornejo Benzaquen, Eleazar Cordova Gilman, Robert H. Bern, Caryn TI Periurban Trypanosoma cruzi-infected Triatoma infestans, Arequipa, Peru SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; NORTHWESTERN ARGENTINA; 2ND-ORDER ANALYSIS; DOMESTIC POPULATIONS; HOUSEHOLD PREVALENCE; DENSITY REGULATION; RURAL-COMMUNITY; REDUVIIDAE; HEMIPTERA; TRANSMISSION AB In Arequipa, Peru, vectorborne transmission of Chagas disease by Triatoma infestans has become an urban problem. We conducted an entomologic survey in a periurban community of Arequipa to identify risk factors for triatomine infestation and determinants of vector population densities. Of 374 households surveyed, triatomines were collected from 194 (52%), and Trypanosoma cruzi-carrying triatomines were collected from 72 (19.3%). Guinea pig pens were more likely than other animal enclosures to be infested and harbored 2.38x as many triatomines. Stacked brick and adobe enclosures were more likely to have triatomines, while wire mesh enclosures were protected against infestation. In human dwellings, only fully stuccoed rooms were protected against infestation. Spatially, households with triatomines were scattered, while households with T. cruzi-infected triatomines were clustered. Keeping small animals in wire mesh cages could facilitate control of T. infestans in this densely populated urban environment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Asociac Benef Proyectos Informat, Lima, Peru. Direcc Reg Ministerio Salud, Arequipa, Peru. Univ Nacl Agustin, Arequipa, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Levy, MZ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F42, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mzlevy@hotmail.com FU NIAID NIH HHS [T35 AI007646, 5T35AI007646-03, U19 AI033061, U19-AI-33061] NR 40 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1345 EP 1352 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 078DJ UT WOS:000240081400006 PM 17073082 ER PT J AU Nathanson, E Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, C Rich, ML Gupta, R Bayona, J Blondal, K Caminero, JA Cegielski, JP Danilovits, M Espinal, MA Hollo, V Jaramillo, E Leimane, V Mitnick, CD Mukherjee, JS Nunn, P Pasechnikov, A Tupasi, T Wells, C Raviglione, MC AF Nathanson, Eva Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, Catharina Rich, Michael L. Gupta, Rajesh Bayona, Jaime Blondal, Kai Caminero, Jose A. Cegielski, J. Peter Danilovits, Manfred Espinal, Marcos A. Hollo, Vahur Jaramillo, Ernesto Leimane, Vaira Mitnick, Carole D. Mukherjee, Joia S. Nunn, Paul Pasechnikov, Alexander Tupasi, Thelma Wells, Charles Raviglione, Mario C. TI Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis management in resource-limited settings SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; OUTCOMES; THERAPY; COHORT; HEALTH AB Evidence of successful management of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) is mainly generated from referral hospitals in high-income countries. We evaluate the management of MDRTB in 5 resource-limited countries: Estonia, Latvia, Peru, the Philippines, and the Russian Federation. All projects were approved by the Green Light Committee for access to quality-assured second-line drugs provided at reduced price for MDRTB management. Of 1,047 MDRTB patients evaluated, 119 (11%) were new, and 928 (89%) had received treatment previously. More than 50% of previously treated patients had received both first- and second-line drugs, and 65% of all patients had infections that were resistant to both first- and second-line drugs. Treatment was successful in 70% of all patients, but success rate was higher among new (77%) than among previously treated patients (69%). In resource-limited settings, treatment of MDRTB provided through, or in collaboration with, national TB programs can yield results similar to those from wealthier settings. C1 WHO, Stop TB Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. KNCV Tuberculosis Fdn, The Hague, Netherlands. Partners Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Socios Salud, Lima, Peru. Int Union Tuberculosis & Lung Dis, Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Tartu Univ Clin, Tartu, Estonia. Natl TB Programme, Tallinn, Estonia. State Ctr Tuberculosis & Lund Dis Latvia, Riga, Latvia. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. MDR TB Project Tomsk Oblast, Tomsk, Russia. Makati Med Ctr, Makati, Philippines. RP Nathanson, E (reprint author), WHO, Stop TB Dept, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM nathansone@who.int NR 27 TC 123 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1389 EP 1397 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 078DJ UT WOS:000240081400012 PM 17073088 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI "He who dines with the leopard is liable to be eaten" SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT News Item C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 9 BP 1474 EP 1475 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 078DJ UT WOS:000240081400041 PM 17073114 ER PT J AU Ghanem, MM Battelli, LA Mercer, RR Scabilloni, JF Kashon, ML Ma, JYC Nath, J Hubbs, AF AF Ghanem, Mohamed M. Battelli, Lori A. Mercer, Robert R. Scabilloni, James F. Kashon, Michael L. Ma, Jane Y. C. Nath, Joginder Hubbs, Ann F. TI Apoptosis and Bax expression are increased by coal dust in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-exposed lung SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; Bax; caspase; coal dust; CYP1A1; CYP2B1; modifiers; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; pneumoconiosis; xenobiotic metabolism ID PULMONARY-FIBROSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; LIGAND PATHWAY; MINERS; INFLAMMATION; DISEASE; INJURY; DEATH; MODEL AB BACKGROUND: Miners inhaling respirable coal dust (CD) frequently develop coal workers' pneumoconiosis, a dust-associated pneumoconiosis characterized by lung inflammation and variable fibrosis. Many coal miners are also exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) components of diesel engine exhaust and cigarette smoke, which may contribute to lung disease in these workers. Recently, apoptosis was reported to play a critical role in the development of another pneumoconiosis of miners, silicosis. In addition, CID was reported to suppress cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) induction by PAHs. METHODS: We investigated the hypothesis that apoptosis plays a critical role in lung injury and down-regulation of CYP1A1 induction in mixed exposures to CD and PAHs. We exposed rats intratracheally to 0.0, 2.5, 10.0, 20.0, or 40.0 mg/rat CD and, 11 days later, to intraperitoneal P-naphthoflavone (BNF), a PAH. In another group of rats exposed to CD and BNF, caspase activity was inhibited by injection of the pan-caspase inhibitor Q-VD-OPH [quinoline-Val-Asp (OMe)-CH2-OPH]. RESULTS: In rats exposed to BNF, CD exposure increased alveolar expression of the proapoptotic mediator Bax but decreased CYP1A1 induction relative to BNF exposure alone. Pan-caspase inhibition decreased CD-associated Bax expression and apoptosis but did not restore CYP1A1 activity. Further, CD-induced lung inflammation and alveolar epithelial cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia were not suppressed by caspase inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: Combined BNF and CD exposure increased Bax expression and apoptosis in the lung, but Bax and apoptosis were not the major determinants of early lung injury in this model. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effect Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Genet & Dev Biol Program, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hubbs, AF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Hlth Effect Lab Div, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM Ahubbs@cdc.gov OI Ghanem, Prof. Dr. Mohamed/0000-0001-6769-7875 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 114 IS 9 BP 1367 EP 1373 DI 10.1289/ehp.8906 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 087PZ UT WOS:000240755700033 PM 16966090 ER PT J AU Lu, CS Barr, DB Pearson, M Bartell, S Bravo, R AF Lu, Chensheng Barr, Dana B. Pearson, Melanie Bartell, Scott Bravo, Roberto TI A longitudinal approach to assessing urban and suburban children's exposure to pyrethroid pesticides SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE children's pesticide exposure; dietary exposure; PBA; permethrin; pyrethroids; residential exposure; trans-DCCA; urinary biomarker ID ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INSECTICIDES; METABOLITES; POPULATION; URINE AB We conducted a longitudinal study to assess the exposure of 23 elementary school-age children to pyrethroid pesticides, using urinary pyrethroid metabolites as exposure biomarkers. We substituted most of the children's conventional diets with organic food items for 5 consecutive days and collected two daily spot urine samples, first morning and before bedtime voids, throughout the 15-day study period. We analyzed urine samples for five common pyrethroid metabolites. We found an association between the parents' self-reported pyrethroid use in the residential environment and elevated pyrethroid metabolite levels found in their children's urine. Children were also exposed to pyrethroids through their conventional diets, although the magnitude was smafler than for the residential exposure. Children's ages appear to be significantly associated with pyrethroids exposure, which is likely attributed to the use of pyrethroids around the premises or in the facilities where older children engaged in the outdoor activities. We conclude that residential pesticide use represents the most important risk factor for children's exposure to pyrethroid insecticides. Because of the wide use of pyrethroids in the United States, the findings of this study are important for both children's pesticide exposure assessment and environmental public health. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lu, CS (reprint author), 1518 CLifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM clu2@sph.emory.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Bartell, Scott/M-8919-2013 OI Bartell, Scott/0000-0001-7797-2906 NR 23 TC 74 Z9 78 U1 2 U2 22 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 114 IS 9 BP 1419 EP 1423 DI 10.1289/ehp.9043 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 087PZ UT WOS:000240755700042 PM 16966099 ER PT J AU Weuve, J Sanchez, BN Calafat, AM Schettler, T Green, RA Hu, H Hauser, R AF Weuve, Jennifer Sanchez, Brisa N. Calafat, Antonia M. Schettler, Ted Green, Ronald A. Hu, Howard Hauser, Russ TI Exposure to phthalates in neonatal intensive care unit infants: Urinary concentrations of monoesters and oxidative metabolites SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP); infants; mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP); mono(2-ethyl5-hydroxylhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP); mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP); monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP); monobutyl phthalate (MBP); neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); phthalate; structural equation model ID NURSERY-SCHOOL CHILDREN; DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; GENERAL-POPULATION; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; PLASTICIZER; BIOMARKERS; PRODUCTS; TEACHERS; TOXICITY AB OBJECTIVE: We previously demonstrated that among 54 infants in neonatal intensive care units, exposure to polyvinyl chloride plastic medical devices containing the plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is associated with urinary concentrations of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), a DEHP metabolite. In this follow-up report, we studied the neonates' exposure to DEHP-containing devices in relation to urinary concentrations of two other DEHP metabolites, and to urinary concentrations of metabolites of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and benzylbutyl phthalate (BzBP), phthalates found in construction materials and personal care products. MEASUREMENTS: A priori, we classified the intensiveness of these 54 infants' exposure to DEHP-containing medical products. We measured three metabolites of DEHP in infants' urine: MEHP and two of its oxidative metabolites, mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxylhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP). We also measured monobutyl phthalate (MBP), a metabolite of DBP, and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), a metabolite of BzBP. RESULTS: Intensiveness of DEHP-containing product use was monotonically associated with all three DEHP metabolites. Urinary concentrations of MEHHP and MEOHP among infants in the high-DEHP-intensiveness group were 13-14 times the concentrations among infants in the low-intensiveness group (p <= 0.007). Concentrations of MBP were somewhat higher in the medium and high-DEHP-intensiveness group; MBzP did not vary by product use group. Incorporating all phthalate data into a structural equation model confirmed the specific monotonic association between intensiveness of product use and biologic measures of DEHP. CONCLUSION: Inclusion of the oxidative metabolites MEHHP and MEOHP strengthened the association between intensiveness of product use and biologic indices of DEHP exposure over that observed with MEHP alone. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Landmark Ctr E 3,401 Pk Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Sci & Environm Hlth Network, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab,Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Weuve, J (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Landmark Ctr E 3,401 Pk Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM jweuve@hsph.harvard.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES009718, ES00002, ES09718, P30 ES000002] NR 48 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 114 IS 9 BP 1424 EP 1431 DI 10.1289/ehp.8926 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 087PZ UT WOS:000240755700043 PM 16966100 ER PT J AU Darrow, LA Woodruff, TJ Parker, JD AF Darrow, Lyndsey A. Woodruff, Tracey J. Parker, Jennifer D. TI Maternal smoking as a confounder in studies of air pollution and infant mortality SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID BIRTH-WEIGHT C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Policy Econ & Innovat, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Darrow, LA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM ldarrow@sph.emory.edu NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 5 BP 592 EP 593 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000229951.26189.27 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 077KT UT WOS:000240028900021 PM 16906057 ER PT J AU Orr, ST James, SA Garry, J Prince, CB Newton, ER AF Orr, Suezanne T. James, Sherman A. Garry, Joseph Prince, Cheryl B. Newton, Edward R. TI Exercise and pregnancy outcome among urban, low-income, black women SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE exercise; low birth weight; pregnancy; preterm birth ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PRETERM BIRTH; LEISURE-TIME; DELIVERY; WEIGHT AB Few studies have focused on the association between maternal exercise and outcomes of pregnancy among low-income, Black women. The analysis reported here examines the associations between exercise before and during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes of preterm birth and low birth weight among a sample of urban, low-income, Black women. Women (N=922) were enrolled in this prospective cohort study during their first prenatal visit at five hospital-based prenatal clinics located in Baltimore City, Maryland, from 1993 to 1995. A questionnaire was used to ask women about their participation in strenuous and nonstrenuous exercise before and during pregnancy. Nearly two thirds of the women reported participating in exercise during pregnancy; most women participated in nonstrenuous exercise (56%). The risks of both low birth weight (12.2%) and preterm birth (13.7%) were not significantly different whether women reported exercising or not, either before or during pregnancy. For women who were considered high risk because of chronic diseases or previous poor pregnancy outcome, stratified analysis indicated no significant difference in preterm birth or low birth weight between those who exercised and those who did not. Our analysis failed to identify any association between exercise and pregnancy outcomes among low-income, urban, Black women. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Promot, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. E Carolina Univ, Brody Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Duke Univ, Sanford Inst Publ Policy Studies, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Orr, ST (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Promot, Christenbury 200, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM orrs@ecu.edu NR 16 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 933 EP 937 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 094KN UT WOS:000241238400027 PM 17061749 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Reeves, WK Szumlas, DE Abbassy, MM Helmy, IM Moriarity, JR Dasch, GA AF Loftis, Amanda D. Reeves, Will K. Szumlas, Daniel E. Abbassy, Magda M. Helmy, Ibrahim M. Moriarity, John R. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Rickettsial agents in Egyptian ticks collected from domestic animals SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acari; PCR; rickettsiales; zoonotic diseases; veterinary; Egypt ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; BOOPHILUS-MICROPLUS TICKS; FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; SOUTH-AFRICA; INFECTION; DNA; BLOOD; IDENTIFICATION AB To assess the presence of rickettsial pathogens in ticks from Egypt, we collected ticks from domestic and peridomestic animals between June 2002 and July 2003. DNA extracts from 1019 ticks were tested, using PCR and sequencing, for Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia spp., and Rickettsia spp. Ticks included: 29 Argas persicus, 10 Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum, 55 Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, 174 Hyalomma dromedarii, 2 Hyalomma impeltatum, 3 Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, 55 unidentified nymphal Hyalomma, 625 Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus, 49 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and 17 Rhipicephalus turanicus. Ticks were collected predominantly (> 80%) from buffalo, cattle, and camels, with smaller numbers from chicken and rabbit sheds, sheep, foxes, a domestic dog, a hedgehog, and a black rat. We detected Anaplasma marginale, Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia aeschlimannii, and four novel genotypes similar to: "Anaplasma platys," Ehrlichia canis, Ehrlichia spp. reported from Asian ticks, and a Rickettsiales endosymbiont of Ixodes ricinus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL USA. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Vector Biol Res Program, FPO, AE 09835 USA. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aloftis@cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 54 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 40 IS 1 BP 67 EP 81 DI 10.1007/s10493-006-9025-2 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 094EV UT WOS:000241223200005 PM 17004028 ER PT J AU Swaminathan, B Gerner-Smidt, P AF Swaminathan, Bala Gerner-Smidt, Peter TI Foodborne Disease Trends and Reports SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Swaminathan, Bala; Gerner-Smidt, Peter] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swaminathan, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 220 EP 221 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.220 PG 2 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V93ZE UT WOS:000206352200002 PM 16972769 ER PT J AU Kathariou, S Graves, L Buchrieser, C Glaser, P Siletzky, RM Swaminathan, B AF Kathariou, S. Graves, L. Buchrieser, C. Glaser, P. Siletzky, R. M. Swaminathan, B. TI Involvement of Closely Related Strains of a New Clonal Group of Listeria monocytogenes in the 1998-99 and 2002 Multistate Outbreaks of Foodborne Listeriosis in the United States SO FOODBORNE PATHOGENS AND DISEASE LA English DT Article AB In 1998-99, a multistate outbreak of listeriosis in the United States was associated with contaminated hot dogs and was caused by a strain of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b that had been only rarely encountered before in the national PulseNet database. Upon further characterization, the strains from this outbreak were designated as Epidemic Clone II (ECII). ECII isolates exhibited diversification in a genomic region ("region 18") that was otherwise conserved among L. monocytogenes of serotype 4b. Additional unique genetic markers were identified through genome sequencing of one of the isolates from the 1998-99 outbreak. In 2002, another multistate outbreak of listeriosis also involved bacteria of serotype 4b and was attributed to contaminated turkey deli meats. Molecular subtyping data revealed that the macrorestriction patterns of the isolates from the 1998-99 and 2002 outbreaks were closely related. In addition, the 2002 outbreak isolates harbored chromosomal genetic markers found to be unique to, and typical of, the 1998-99 outbreak isolates, including diversification in genomic region 18. Macroarray-based subtyping using chromosomal sequences confirmed the close genetic relatedness between the isolates from the two outbreaks. Genomic content was highly conserved among isolates from each outbreak, with differences detected only in prophage and internalin-like gene sequences. However, since these differences were observed among isolates from each of the outbreaks, they did not differentiate the 1998-99 isolates as a group from those of the 2002 outbreak. Two of 15 randomly chosen serotype 4b clinical isolates from a non-outbreak period (calendar year 2003) appeared to be closely related to the 1998-99 and 2002 outbreak isolates. These findings suggest that both multistate outbreaks of listeriosis in the United States involved closely related members of a single clonal group (ECII) that had not been identified in outbreaks prior to 1998. Since the outbreaks involved different food vehicles and processing plants, the findings suggest establishment of ECII in a still unidentified reservoir in the United States, from which the organisms were introduced to different processing plants. C1 [Kathariou, S.; Siletzky, R. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Graves, L.; Swaminathan, B.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. [Buchrieser, C.; Glaser, P.] Inst Pasteur, Unite Genom Microorganismes Pathogenes, Paris, France. RP Kathariou, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Schaub Hall,Room 339,CB 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM sophia_kathariou@ncsu.edu RI Glaser, Philippe/O-2641-2015; OI Buchrieser, Carmen/0000-0003-3477-9190 FU USDA [NRICGP2001-0969]; Institut Pasteur [GPH9] FX We would like to thank Cheng Ying and S. Kernodle for assistance in portions of this work. We are indebted to K. Hise and M. Adams for assistance with the analysis of PFGE profiles and generation of the dendrogram, and to Dr. Peter Gerner-Smidt for his critical review of the manuscript and insightful comments to improve the clarity of the manuscript. This work was partially supported with funds from the USDA (NRICGP2001-0969) and from the Institut Pasteur (GPH9). NR 20 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1535-3141 J9 FOODBORNE PATHOG DIS JI Foodborne Pathog. Dis. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 3 IS 3 BP 292 EP 302 DI 10.1089/fpd.2006.3.292 PG 11 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA V93ZE UT WOS:000206352200011 PM 16972778 ER PT J AU Carreon, T LeMasters, GK Ruder, AM Schulte, PA AF Carreon, T LeMasters, GK Ruder, AM Schulte, PA TI The genetic and environmental factors involved in benzidine metabolism and bladder carcinogenesis in exposed workers SO FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Review DE benzidine; bladder neoplasms; occupation; polymorphisms; review ID N-ACETYLTRANSFERASE PHENOTYPES; EXFOLIATED UROTHELIAL CELLS; SLOW ACETYLATOR PHENOTYPE; GSTM1 NULL GENOTYPE; DNA-ADDUCTS; AROMATIC-AMINES; URINARY-BLADDER; RAT-LIVER; CANCER RISK; UDP-GLUCURONOSYLTRANSFERASES AB Genetic susceptibility to bladder cancer in individuals exposed to arylamines may be explained by interindividual metabolic differences that lead to arylamine bioactivation or detoxification. In this article, occupational bladder cancer risk factors and the evidence that links benzidine exposure to bladder cancer are reviewed. Benzidine metabolism is described and compared with that of other aromatic amines. Metabolic polymorphisms and bladder cancer in the context of occupational exposure to aromatic amines are also reviewed, and the environmental and genetic relationships of benzidine exposure and genetic susceptibility are outlined. Only a few studies of bladder cancer genetic susceptibility in populations exposed occupationally to arylamines have been published. The results of these case-control studies show conflicting results, reflecting metabolic differences between monoarylamines and diarylamines such as benzidine. Additional studies and pooled analyses of existing data are needed to establish if individuals are at higher risk of bladder cancer given the presence of certain alleles that make them more susceptible to this disease. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Carreon, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM tjc5@cdc.gov RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 113 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE INC PI MANHASSET PA C/O NORTH SHORE UNIV HOSPITAL, BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH CENTER, 350 COMMUNITY DR, MANHASSET, NY 11030 USA SN 1093-9946 J9 FRONT BIOSCI JI Front. Biosci. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 11 BP 2889 EP 2902 DI 10.2741/2017 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 040ML UT WOS:000237382800076 PM 16720360 ER PT J AU Ramsey, SD Yoon, P Moonesinghe, R Khoury, MJ AF Ramsey, Scott D. Yoon, Paula Moonesinghe, Ramal Khoury, Muin J. TI Population-based study of the prevalence of family history of cancer: Implications for cancer screening and prevention SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PRIMARY-CARE; KNOWLEDGE; GENETICS; MEDICINE AB Purpose: Family history assessment is gaining importance as a potential public health tool to help determine susceptibility to common cancers. Population-based data on the prevalence of having a family history of common cancers are scant. Methods: We queried survey questions from the National Health Interview Survey, an annual nationwide survey of approximately 36,000 households in the United States, to determine the prevalence of persons reporting one or more first-degree relatives with breast, colorectal, lung, prostate, or ovarian cancer. Results: Breast cancer was the most common condition noted for family members (7.74% of respondents), followed by lung cancer (7.10%), colorectal cancer (4.96%), prostate cancer (4.68%), and ovarian cancer (1.79%). A family history of cancer was more commonly reported by older persons, whites, women, and high-income groups. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of persons in the United States report having a close family member with cancer, and thus may be eligible for earlier or more aggressive cancer screening services. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ramsey, SD (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, 1100 Fairview Ave N,M2-B129,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA114794, R01 CA114794-01A1, R01 CA114794-02, R01 CA114794-03, U01 CA074794]; NHGRI NIH HHS [R01 HG 002941, R01 HG 02263, R01 HG002263] NR 19 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 8 IS 9 BP 571 EP 575 DI 10.1097/01.gim.0000237867.34011.12 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 089YK UT WOS:000240917600005 PM 16980813 ER PT J AU Dau-Schmidt, KG Stake, JE Mukhopadhaya, K Haley, TA AF Dau-Schmidt, KG Stake, JE Mukhopadhaya, K Haley, TA TI "The pride of Indiana": An empirical study of the law school experience and careers of Indiana University School of Law-Bloomington Alumni SO INDIANA LAW JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Indiana Law Journal Symposium on War, Terrorism and Torture CY OCT 07, 2005 CL Bloomington, IN SP Amer Constitut Soc Law & Policy, Indiana Univ Sch Law Bloomington ID LEGAL PROFESSION; LAWYERS; SATISFACTION; EDUCATION; FAMILY; FIRMS; WORK C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Law, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dau-Schmidt, KG (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Law, Bloomington, IN 47401 USA. NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU INDIANA LAW JOURNAL PI BLOOMINGTON PA INDIANA UNIV SCHOOL LAW, BLOOMINGTON, IN 47405 USA SN 0019-6665 J9 INDIANA LAW J JI Indiana Law J. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 81 IS 4 BP 1427 EP 1478 PG 52 WC Law SC Government & Law GA 056AF UT WOS:000238492300011 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Dalton, R Kim, EH Dahl, E Diabate, A Dabire, R Dujardin, JP AF Lehmann, Tovi Dalton, Ryan Kim, Eun Hea Dahl, Erica Diabate, Abdoulaye Dabire, Roch Dujardin, Jean Pierre TI Genetic contribution to variation in larval development time, adult size, and longevity of starved adults of Anopheles gambiae SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE anopheles; fitness; heritability; life-history traits; malaria; quantitative genetics; vectorial capacity ID PITCHER-PLANT MOSQUITO; BODY-SIZE; WYEOMYIA-SMITHII; MALARIA VECTORS; MOLECULAR-FORMS; BURKINA-FASO; DNA ANALYSIS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; FECUNDITY AB The variation in mosquito life-history traits such as adult size has been studied with respect to environmental factors, but the genetic contribution to such variation has received almost no consideration. Using a full-sib design of F1s produced by wild caught Anopheles gambiae (M molecular form) females, we estimated broad-sense heritability of larval developmental time, adult size (based on dry weight and wing length), and longevity of starved adults. These traits were correlated (at the phenotypic level) with each other in females and mates (vertical bar r(p)vertical bar > 0.5, P < 0.001). Longevity of starved adults increased with adult size, and both traits (adult longevity and size) decreased with longer larval development. Genetic correlations were lower (vertical bar r(g)vertical bar > 0.45, P < 0.05) but provided consistent evidence against a trade off between adult size and larval development time predicting that a mosquito can develop faster into a smaller adult or be a larger adult by a longer development. Estimates of heritability of the three traits were moderate to high (range: 0.05-0.48) and statistically significant (P < 0.05), indicating substantial genetic contribution to the phenotypic variation in these traits. These results suggest that adaptive differences are likely to be found in these traits between A. gambiae populations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CNRS, Inst Rech Dev, UMR, Montpellier, France. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, 12735 Twinbrook Pkwy,Room 2W13A, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM TLehmann@niaid.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 35 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 6 IS 5 BP 410 EP 416 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2006.01.007 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 068IQ UT WOS:000239367500009 PM 16524787 ER PT J AU Kuempel, ED Tran, CL Castranova, V Bailer, AJ AF Kuempel, E. D. Tran, C. L. Castranova, V. Bailer, A. J. TI Lung dosimetry and risk assessment of nanoparticles: Evaluating and extending current models in rats and humans SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Frontiers in Aerosol Dosimetry Research Conference CY OCT 24-25, 2005 CL Irvine, CA ID INSOLUBLE IRIDIUM PARTICLES; CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE; POORLY SOLUBLE PARTICLES; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; BIOMATHEMATICAL MODEL; PULMONARY RESPONSE; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; DIESEL EXHAUST; CARBON-BLACK; COAL-MINERS AB Risk assessment of occupational exposure to nanomaterials is needed. Human data are limited, but quantitative data are available from rodent studies. To use these data in risk assessment, a scientifically reasonable approach for extrapolating the rodent data to humans is required. One approach is allometric adjustment for species differences in the relationship between airborne exposure and internal dose. Another approach is lung dosimetry modeling, which provides a biologically-based, mechanistic method to extrapolate doses from animals to humans. However, current mass-based lung dosimetry models may not fully account for differences in the clearance and translocation of nanoparticles. In this article, key steps in quantitative risk assessment are illustrated, using dose-response data in rats chronically exposed to either fine or ultrafine titanium dioxide (TiO2), carbon black (CB), or diesel exhaust particulate (DEP). The rat-based estimates of the working lifetime airborne concentrations associated with 0.1% excess risk of lung cancer are approximately 0.07 to 0.3 mg/m 3 for ultrafine TiO2, CB, or DEP, and 0.7 to 1.3 mg/m(3) for fine TiO2. Comparison of observed versus model-predicted lung burdens in rats shows that the dosimetry models predict reasonably well the retained mass lung burdens of fine or ultrafine poorly soluble particles in rats exposed by chronic inhalation. Additional model validation is needed for nanoparticles of varying characteristics, as well as extension of these models to include particle translocation to organs beyond the lungs. Such analyses would provide improved prediction of nanoparticle dose for risk assessment. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Inst Occupat Med, Edinburgh EH8 9SV, Midlothian, Scotland. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. Miami Univ, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Kuempel, ED (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ekuempel@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 18 IS 10 BP 717 EP 724 DI 10.1080/08958370600747887 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 053DF UT WOS:000238284100003 PM 16774860 ER PT J AU Liu, A Kilmarx, P Jenkins, RA Manopaiboon, C Mock, PA Jeeyapunt, S Uthaivoravit, W van Griensven, F AF Liu, Alice Kilmarx, Peter Jenkins, Richard A. Manopaiboon, Chomnad Mock, Philip A. Jeeyapunt, Supaporn Uthaivoravit, Wat van Griensven, Frits TI Sexual initiation, substance use, and sexual behavior and knowledge among vocational students in northern Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DRUG-USE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; HEALTH-RISKS; SOUTH-AFRICA; CHIANG-RAI; YOUNG MEN; ADOLESCENTS; INTERCOURSE; HIV AB CONTEXT. Thailand has undergone dramatic social changes in the last two decades, yet little is known about factors related to sexual initiation among adolescents. METHODS:A survey using the audio computer-assisted self-interviewing method was conducted to assess social and demographic characteristics, substance use, sexual behavior, and knowledge of HIV and STIs among 1,725 vocational school students aged 15-21 living in northern Thailand. Gender differences for these factors were evaluated using chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests. Multivariate survival analysis using Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations between these variables and sexual initiation for each gender. RESULTS. Moles initiated sexual intercourse at an earlier age than females (median ages of 17 and 18, respectively). At any given age, sexual initiation was associated with having a nonagricultural background and using alcohol or methomphetamine (adjusted rate ratios, 1.3-2.9). For males, initiation was also associated with having parents who did not live together, having a friend as a confidant, tobacco use, high perceived risk for HIV and high STI knowledge (1.3-1.7). For females, other factors associated with earlier initiation were younger age at interview, living away from family, lacking a family member as a confidant, high perceived risk for STIs and ever having smoked marijuana (1.3-2.4). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to ameliorate the adverse consequences of early sexual initiation need to address social influences such as parents and peer groups. Programs should identify and target high-risk subgroups, such as those who are sexually experienced at an early age and those engaged in patterns of generalized risk-taking. C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US CDC Collaborat, Informat & Data Management, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Chiang Rai Reg Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Liu, A (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM jenkinsri@mail.nih.gov RI Bowyer, Jade/H-1930-2012; van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 60 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0190-3187 J9 INT FAM PLAN PERSPEC JI Int. Fam. Plan. Perspect. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 32 IS 3 BP 126 EP 135 DI 10.1363/3212606 PG 10 WC Demography; Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Demography; Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 096IM UT WOS:000241370800003 PM 17015242 ER PT J AU Kelley, ET Arispe, I Holmes, J AF Kelley, Edward T. Arispe, Irma Holmes, Julia TI Beyond the initial indicators: Lessons from the OECD Health Care Quality Indicators Project and the US National Healthcare Quality Report SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE indicators; performance reporting; quality ID SYSTEM PERFORMANCE; ORGANIZATION; COUNTRIES AB Interest in comparative quality measurement and evaluation has grown considerably over the past two decades because of factors such as the recognition of widespread variation in clinical practice, the increased availability of evidence about medical effectiveness, and increasing concern about the cost and quality of health care. This article describes and contrasts two current efforts to develop health performance reporting systems: one, an international initiative-the Health Care Quality Indicator (HCQI) Project, sponsored by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); and the other, a national project-the National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR), sponsored by the US Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research. There are a number of lessons learned from a comparison of the two efforts that are relevant for the future of each project and for other indicator-based reporting efforts in quality of health care. These lessons are discussed in the article and include: 1. Conceptual frameworks should be established to guide the selection of indicators. 2. Choices should be made early on in the process to focus on a wide range of clinical conditions or to report on a few priority areas. 3. Methods should be developed to add and subtract indicators while maintaining a stable set of indicators to track over time. 4. Resources should be allocated to communication strategies and how best to present data results to diverse audiences. 5. Mechanisms should be put in place to maintain project momentum. C1 Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Hlth Care Qual Indicators Project, F-75775 Paris 16, France. UD Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Kelley, ET (reprint author), Org Econ Cooperat & Dev, Hlth Care Qual Indicators Project, 2 Rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris 16, France. EM edward.kelley@oecd.org NR 14 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1353-4505 J9 INT J QUAL HEALTH C JI Int. J. Qual. Health Care PD SEP PY 2006 VL 18 SU 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1093/intqhc/mzl027 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 086FG UT WOS:000240658600008 PM 16954516 ER PT J AU Maynard, LM Serdula, MK Galuska, DA Gillespie, C Mokdad, AH AF Maynard, L. M. Serdula, M. K. Galuska, D. A. Gillespie, C. Mokdad, A. H. TI Secular trends in desired weight of adults SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE body mass index (BMI); weight; trends; adults ID BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; LOSE WEIGHT; US ADULTS; TREATMENT OUTCOMES; SELF-PERCEPTION; OBESE-PATIENTS; OVERWEIGHT; AGE; POPULATION AB Context: The prevalence of overweight and obese adults in the United States is at record levels. Objective: The primary purpose is to describe secular trends in desired weight among adults from 1994 to 2003, and secondarily, to examine the hypothetical impact of achieving desired weight on obesity prevalence. Design: Data were from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (1994, 1996, 1998, 2000, 2003), a random-digit-dialed telephone survey. Setting: Sample included respondents from 47 states and the District of Columbia. Participants: Non-institutionalized adults aged 18 years or older were included (N = 703 286). Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcome measures included reported weight and desired weight. Results: Means for desired weight increased 2.3 kg between 1994 and 2003, and reported weights increased 3.9 kg. The increased trend was observed across several subgroups for age, race/ ethnicity and education. Within subgroups of weight status, the trend has remained relatively stable, particularly when examined in relation to the difference between reported and desired weight as a percentage of reported body weight. Generally, overweight men desired weights approximately 4.5% less than their reported weight, and obese men desired weights approximately 15% less than their reported weight for each corresponding year. For women, approximate values of desired weight were 12% less than reported weight for overweight women and 24% less for obese women. The prevalence of obesity would decrease to 4.4% if individuals weighed their desired weight. Conclusions: Americans are shifting their desired weight upward, concomitantly with an increase in their reported body weight. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Maynard, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mmaynard@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1375 EP 1381 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803297 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 077WU UT WOS:000240063200009 PM 16552407 ER PT J AU Lawrence, JSS Klaskala, W Kankasa, C West, JT Mitchell, CD Wood, C AF Lawrence, J. S. St Klaskala, W. Kankasa, C. West, J. T. Mitchell, C. D. Wood, C. TI Factors associated with HIV prevalence in a pre-parturn cohort of Zambian women SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE medical injections and HIV; Zambian women and HIV; association with HIV prevalence ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; UNSAFE INJECTIONS; INFECTION; POPULATION; RISK; DECLINES; UGANDA AB An ongoing study of mother-to-child human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) transmission in Zambian women (n = 3160) allowed us to examine the association of medical injections with HIV serostatus while simultaneously accounting for other factors known to be correlated with HIV prevalence. Multi-method data collection included structured interviews, medical record abstraction, clinical examinations, and biological measures. Medically administered intramuscular or intravenous injections in the past five years (but not blood transfusions) were overwhelmingly correlated with HIV prevalence, exceeding the contribution of sexual behaviours; in a multivariable logistic regression. Statistically significant associations with HIV also were found for some demographic variables, sexual behaviours, alcohol use, and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). The results confirmed that iatrogenic needle exposure, sexual behaviour, demographic factors, substance use, and STD history are all implicated in Zambian women's HfV + status. However, the disproportionate association of medical injection history with HIV highlights the need to investigate further and prospectively the role of health-care injection in sub-Saharan Africa's HIV epidemic. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Lauderdale, MS 39335 USA. Univ Nebraska, Ctr Virol, Lincoln, NE USA. Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Zambia, Sch Med, Lusaka, Zambia. Univ Teaching Hosp, Lusaka, Zambia. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. RP Lawrence, JSS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, MS-E44,9110 E Pkwy N, Lauderdale, MS 39335 USA. EM janetstl@comcast.net NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD SEP PY 2006 VL 17 IS 9 BP 607 EP 613 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 080EZ UT WOS:000240232000005 ER PT J AU Glass, MB Steigerwalt, AG Jordan, JG Wilkins, PP Gee, JE AF Glass, Mindy B. Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Jordan, Jean G. Wilkins, Patricia P. Gee, Jay E. TI Burkholderia oklahomensis sp nov., a Burkholderia pseudomallei-like species formerly known as the Oklahoma strain of Pseudomonas pseudomallei SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TIME PCR ASSAYS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; MELIOIDOSIS; ALIGNMENT; MALLEI; SOIL AB C6786, the clinical isolate of the 'Oklahoma' strain of Pseudomonas (now Burkholderia) pseudomallei, was originally isolated in 1973 from a wound infection resulting from a farming accident in Oklahoma, USA. Environmental isolates C7532 and C7533 from the Oklahoma accident site were found to match C6786. These three isolates and a clinical isolate originally identified as B. pseudomallei that was recovered from a person in Georgia, USA, involved in an automobile accident were characterized by biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence typing and DNA-DNA hybridization analyses. Results indicated that these strains comprise a novel species. The name Burkholderia oklahomensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain C6786(T) (= LMG 2361 8(T) = NCTC 1338 7(T) =CCUG 51349(T)) as the typestrain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDC, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch,Div Bacteri, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gee, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDC, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch,Div Bacteri, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-D11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JGee1@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 6 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 56 BP 2171 EP 2176 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63991-0 PN 9 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 088AI UT WOS:000240783500022 PM 16957116 ER PT J AU Palella, FJ Baker, RK Moorman, AC Chmiel, JS Wood, KC Brooks, JT Holmberg, SD AF Palella, Frank J., Jr. Baker, Rose K. Moorman, Anne C. Chmiel, Joan S. Wood, Kathleen C. Brooks, John T. Holmberg, Scott D. CA HIV Outpatient Study Investigators TI Mortality in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era - Changing causes of death and disease in the HIV outpatient study SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE mortality; opportunistic infection; liver; cause of death; trends; HAART ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ALPHA-2A PLUS RIBAVIRIN; CHRONIC HEPATITIS-C; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; AIDS; INFECTION; LIPODYSTROPHY; ADHERENCE; SURVIVAL; TRENDS AB Background: AIDS-related death and disease rates have declined in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era and remain low; however, current causes of death in HAART-treated patients remain ill defined. Objective: To describe mortality trends and causes of death among HIV-infected patients in the HAART era. Design: Prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study of participants in the HIV Outpatient Study who were treated froth January 1996 through December 2004. Measurements: Rates of death, opportunistic disease, and other non-AIDS-defining illnesses (NADIs) determined to be primary or secondary causes of death. Results: Among 6945 HIV-infected patients followed for a median of 39.2 months, death rates fell from 7.0 deaths/100 person-years of observation in 1996 to 1.3 deaths/100 person-years in 2004 (P= 0.008 for trend). Deaths that included AIDS-related causes decreased from 3.79/100 person-years in 1996 to 0.32/100 person-years in 2004 (P= 0.008). Proportional increases in deaths involving liver disease, bacterenua/sepsis, gastrointestinal disease, non-AIDS malignancies, and renal disease also occurred (P=< 0.001, 0.017. 0.006, < 0.001, and 0.037. respectively.) Hepatic disease was the only reported cause of death for which absolute rates increased over time, albeit not significantly, from 0.09/100 person-years in 1996 to 0.16/100 person-years in 2004 (P = 0.10). The percentage of deaths due exclusively to NADI rose from 13.1% in 1996 to 42.5% in 2004 (P < 0.001 for trend), the most frequent of which were cardiovascular, hepatic, and pulmonary disease, and non-AIDS malignancies in 2004. Mean CD4 cell counts closest to death (n=486 deaths) increased froth 59 cells/mu L in 1996 to 287 cells/mu L in 2004 (P < 0.001 for trend). Patients dying of NADI causes were more HAART experienced and initiated HAART at higher CD4 cell counts than those who died with AIDS (34.5% vs 16.8%, respectively, received HAART for 4 of more years, P < 0.0001; 22.4% vs 7.8%. respectively, initiated HAART with CD4 cell counts of more than 350 cells/mu L, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Although overall death rates remained low through 2004, the proportion of deaths attributable to non-AIDS diseases increased and prominently included hepatic, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases, as well as non-AIDS malignancies. Longer time spent receiving HAART and higher CD4 cell counts at HAART initiation were associated with death from non-AIDS causes. CD4 cell count at time of death increased over time. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Palella, FJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Suite 200,676 N St Clair, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM f-patella@northwestern.edu NR 35 TC 689 Z9 703 U1 6 U2 28 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 27 EP 34 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000233310.90484.16 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 080YK UT WOS:000240284200005 PM 16878047 ER PT J AU Tedaldi, EM Brooks, JT Weidle, PJ Richardson, JT Baker, RK Buchacz, K Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD AF Tedaldi, Ellen M. Brooks, John T. Weidle, Paul J. Richardson, James T. Baker, Rose K. Buchacz, Kate Moorman, Anne C. Wood, Kathleen C. Holmberg, Scott D. CA HOPS Investigators TI Increased body mass index does not alter response to initial highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected patients SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; body mass index; antiretroviral therapy ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; POPULATION PHARMACOKINETICS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; COHORT; ADULTS; AIDS; COINFECTION; OVERWEIGHT AB Background: Body mass index (BMI) can influence drug metabolism, thus affecting efficacy and risk for toxicities. Hypothesizing that persons with an increased BMI and larger volumes of distribution may experience a suboptimal response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we evaluated the effect of BMI oil virologic and immunologic response in previously ART-naive patients initiating therapy. Methods: Using data from the HIV Outpatient Study, we analyzed the statistical association of BMI and other selected demographic variables with achieving an undetectable viral load and experiencing a CD4 cell count increase of more than 100 cell/mu L after 3 to 9 months of therapy among antiretroviral-naive patients initiating HAART. Results: Among 711 patients included in analysis, 43% had a BMI of more than 25 (overweight-obese). Higher BMI was associated with being female, having black or Hispanic race/ethnicity, being heterosexual, and using injection drugs (all P < 0.001). The patients in BMI groups did not differ significantly by baseline CD4 cell count or the duration of the initial HAART regimen. Although median baseline viral loads were significantly lower in obese participants (P=0.008), overweight or obese BMI did not significantly alter the likelihood of achieving an undetectable viral load and a CD4 cell count increase of more than 100 cells/mu L compared with normal weight persons. Conclusion: A substantial proportion of HIV-infected outpatients in this cohort were overweight or obese. Increased BMI was not associated with decreased virologic and immunologic responses to initial HAART. Responses were equivalent and within expected ranges between normal weight patients, overweight patients, and obese patients at 3 to 9 months of observation. C1 Temple Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. RP Tedaldi, EM (reprint author), Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, 1st Floor,Jones Hall,1316 W Ontario St, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. EM etedaldi@temple.edu NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 35 EP 41 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000234084.11291.d4 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 080YK UT WOS:000240284200006 PM 16885779 ER PT J AU Magnus, M Schillinger, JA Fortenberry, JD Berman, SM Kissinger, P AF Magnus, Manya Schillinger, Julia A. Fortenberry, J. Dennis Berman, Stuart M. Kissinger, Patricia TI Partner age not associated with recurrent Chlamydia trachomatis infection, condom use, or partner treatment and referral among adolescent women SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted diseases; sexually transmitted diseases; prevention and control; Chlamydia infections; recurrence; adolescent behavior ID OLDER PARTNERS; LONGITUDINAL DATA; RISK; FEMALES AB Purpose: Among adolescent women, having older sexual partners has been associated with initial Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infection and high-risk behaviors. This study evaluates the role of older partners in the risk of three outcomes: recurrent Ct, lack of condom use, and nonadherence with partner management (PM) strategies. Methods: Female participants aged 14 to 18 years enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of patient-delivered partner treatment (PDPT) with at least one follow-up visit were included in this secondary analysis. Patient- and partner-level data were collected at baseline, one, and four months follow-up. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) and logistic regression were used to examine unadjusted and adjusted associations. Results: The majority of the 496 women were African-American (63.3%), aged 16 to 18 years (62.3%), and asymptomatic for Ct (66.7%). At baseline, all of the women had laboratory-demonstrated Ct and were treated; they had 622 partners during the last 60 days, 21.4% reported having more than one partner with a mean (SD) of 1.5 (.78) partners per woman, and 46.3% of the partners were at least three years older than the woman. Over follow-up, 16.1% of the women experienced Ct recurrence, in 41.9% of the partnerships a condom was not used at last sex, and 80.6% of women reported giving PM. After adjusting for confounders, having a partner at least three years older was not associated with increased risk of Ct recurrence, lack of condom use, or nonadherence to PM strategies. Conclusions: Risk of Ct recurrence, lack of condom use, and nonadherence to PM strategies was not higher among adolescent women with older partners. (c) 2006 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Magnus, M (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Ross Hall Suite 120B,2300 Eye St, Washington, DC 20037 USA. EM sphmdm@gwumc.edu NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3 BP 396 EP 403 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.01.005 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 081NK UT WOS:000240324100013 PM 16919802 ER PT J AU Wang, LY Zhong, YN Wheeler, L AF Wang, Li Yan Zhong, Yuna Wheeler, Lani TI Asthma medication use in school-aged children SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; school-aged children; medication use ID MANAGED CARE; EMERGENCY AB Using data from the 1996, 1998, and 2000 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, this study assessed controller medication use in a national representative sample of school-aged children with persistent asthma. Children 5 to 17 years of age with persistent asthma were identified in accordance with the Health Employer Data and Information Set specifications. Nonuse of controllers and excess use of relievers were common. In addition, controller medications were significantly less likely to be purchased for younger children, black and Hispanic children, and white children whose mothers had at least a college education. Efforts to improve childhood asthma management are needed, especially for those children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, LY (reprint author), CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-33, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM lgw0@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 7 BP 495 EP 499 DI 10.1080/02770900600758416 PG 5 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 088AF UT WOS:000240783200003 PM 16939988 ER PT J AU Beck, TJ Looker, AC Mourtada, F Daphtary, MM Ruff, CB AF Beck, Thomas J. Looker, Anne C. Mourtada, Firas Daphtary, Maithili M. Ruff, Christopher B. TI Age trends in femur stresses from a simulated fall on the hip among men and women: Evidence of homeostatic adaptation underlying the decline in hip BMD SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stress homeostasis; proximal femur; age trends; gender differences ID FEMORAL-NECK; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; RELATIVE IMPORTANCE; CANCELLOUS BONE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; CORTICAL BONE; ABSORPTIOMETRY; MICROSTRUCTURE; MINERALIZATION; FRACTURE AB Introduction: The age decline in hip BMD is caused by both bone loss and expansion of outer diameter that increases the region size over which mass is measured in a DXA scan. Because expansion has an opposing effect on structural strength, it may be a homeostatic adaptation to net bone loss to ensure that load stresses are kept within a narrow range. Materials and Methods: Age trends in femur stresses were evaluated with an engineering beam simulation of a fall on the greater trochanter. Hip geometry was extracted from hip DXA scans using the Hip Structure Analysis (HSA) software on 2613 non-Hispanic white men and 2721 women from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111). Using body weight as load, stresses were computed on the inferior-medial and superior-lateral femur neck at its narrowest point and the medial and lateral shaft 2 cm distal to the midpoint of the lesser trochanter. Stresses and the underlying geometries in men and women > 50 years oaf age were compared with those 20-4.9 years of age. Results: Compared with men < 50 years of age, stresses in older men were 6% lower on both surfaces of the shaft, 4% lower on the inferior-medial neck, and not different on the superior-lateral neck. In women >50 years of age, stresses on the proximal shaft and inferior-medial neck remained within 3% of young values but were 13% greater on the superior-lateral neck. Neck stresses in young women were lower on the superior-lateral than the inferior-medial neck, but lateral stress increased to the level on the medial surface in older women. Stresses were higher in women than in men, with a greater gender difference in those > 50 years of age. Conclusions: We conclude that femur expansion has a homeostatic effect in men and women that opposes bone loss so that stresses change little with age. Because expansion preserves stresses with progressively less bone mass, the process may reduce structural stability in the,femoral neck under fall conditions, especially in the elderly female. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Radiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Radiat Phys Dept, Houston, TX USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Cell Biol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Anat, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Orthopaed Surg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Beck, TJ (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Outpatient Ctr, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM tjbeck@jhmi.edu FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR44655] NR 25 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1425 EP 1432 DI 10.1359/JBMR.060617 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 079EY UT WOS:000240159500011 PM 16939401 ER PT J AU Liu, H Bauer, DC Bhattacharya, J Looker, AC Karpf, DB AF Liu, H. Bauer, D. C. Bhattacharya, J. Looker, A. C. Karpf, D. B. TI Rates of bone turnover by ethnicity, gender, and age: Urine N-telopeptide and serum bone specific alkaline phosphatase levels in a nationally-representative cohort. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Stanford Univ, Ctr Hlth Policy, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S234 EP S234 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866302020 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Lacher, DA AF Looker, A. C. Lacher, D. A. TI Parathyroid hormone levels by gender in the US: Complex relationships with age and race/ethnicity. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S322 EP S322 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866302365 ER PT J AU Mussolino, ME Armenian, HK AF Mussolino, M. E. Armenian, H. K. TI Low bone mineral density and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women. SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Bone-and-Mineral-Research CY SEP 15-19, 2006 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Soc Bone & Mineral Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 21 SU 1 BP S104 EP S104 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 089FS UT WOS:000240866300396 ER PT J AU Jevitt, LA Thorne, GM Traczewski, MM Jones, RN McGowan, JE Tenover, FC Brown, SD AF Jevitt, Laura A. Thorne, Grace M. Traczewski, Maria M. Jones, Ronald N. McGowan, John E., Jr. Tenover, Fred C. Brown, Steven D. TI Multicenter evaluation of the etest and disk diffusion methods for differentiating daptomycin-susceptible from non-daptomycin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; SKIN-STRUCTURE INFECTIONS; GRAM-POSITIVE PATHOGENS; VANCOMYCIN-INTERMEDIATE; QUINUPRISTIN-DALFOPRISTIN; COMPLICATED SKIN; RESISTANT; ENTEROCOCCI; EMERGENCE; THERAPY AB Daptomycin is a novel cyclic lipopeptide that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections associated with Staphylococcus aureus and other gram-positive pathogens and also staphylococcal bacteremia, including right-sided endocarditis. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) established "susceptible-only" interpretive criteria for broth microdilution (BMD) and disk diffusion (DD) testing of daptomycin in 2005. However, a series of S. aureus isolates have been recovered with daptomycin MICs in the nonsusceptible range (i.e., MICs of > 1 mu g/ml). The objective of this study was to determine the ability of the Etest and DD methods to differentiate daptomycin-susceptible from nonsusceptible isolates of S. aureus compared to the results of the CLSI BMD reference method. There was a good correlation between Etest MIC results and the results of BMD among laboratories (r = 0.86 to 0.88), with 95.3% of the Etest MICs within a 1 log, dilution of the BMD MIC result. A total of 92 of 102 (90.2%) non-daptomycin-susceptible isolates of S. aureus identified by BMD in two participating laboratories were also classified as nonsusceptible by Etest. However, the very major and major error rates reported by one of the participating laboratories were 13.5 and 4.0%, respectively, primarily due to the absence of an intermediate category. The DD method, however, did not reliably differentiate daptomycin-susceptible from non-daptomycin-susceptible isolates. In 2005, daptomycin disks were voluntarily removed from the market by Cubist Pharmaceuticals. The disk diffusion breakpoints were subsequently removed from the CLSI M100 standard in 2006. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cubist Pharmaceut, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. Inst Clin Microbiol, Wilsonville, OR 97070 USA. JMI Labs Inc, N Liberty, IA 52317 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3098 EP 3104 DI 10.1128/JCM.00665-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086YB UT WOS:000240708000006 PM 16954233 ER PT J AU Lasker, BA AF Lasker, Brent A. TI Nucleotide sequence-based analysis for determining the molecular epidemiology of Penicillium marneffei SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CELL-WALL MANNOPROTEIN; PATHOGENIC FUNGUS; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSES; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; INFECTION; GENE; THAILAND; IDENTIFICATION AB The dimorphic fungus, Penicillium marneffei, is an emerging opportunistic pathogen endemic in Southeast Asia, especially for those with impaired cellular immunity such as human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons. A discriminatory and reproducible method based on the analysis of nucleotide sequences would facilitate epidemiologic investigations of this fungus. Twenty-four clinical or environmental isolates of P. marneffei obtained from China, Thailand, and Vietnam were analyzed by nucleotide sequence analysis. A total of 3,803 bp, consisting of eight nuclear gene fragments (transcription factor [AbaA], catalase [CpeA]], homodomain transcription factor [StlA], isocitrate lyase [Icl1], polyaromatic amino acid biosynthesis [PAA], NADH-dependent glutamate synthase [NGS], lovastatin nonaketide synthase [LNS], a cell wall mannoprotein [MP1], and a gene fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 gene [COX1] of the P. marneffei mitochondrial genome) were amplified by PCR and then sequenced. No polymorphic sites within the Cox1 gene fragment were observed. Likewise, no nucleotide sequence polymorphisms were observed. for three gene fragments: StlA, AbaA, and NGS. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms were observed for three gene fragments, Icl1, CpeA, and PAA, providing only a low degree of discriminatory power (D = 0.747). In contrast, the gene fragment for an antigenic cell wall glycoprotein, MP1, a useful immunologic marker for infection, was observed to be highly polymorphic with 12 different MP1 types (1) = 0.887). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms were observed at 21 different locations in the MP1 gene fragment. Indels of 3, 21, 24, and 42 bp were observed and were in frame for protein translation. The relatively high degree of MP1 polymorphisms suggests the sequence is rapidly evolving in order to evade host immune responses. After all polymorphic gene sequences were combined, a high degree of genetic variation was observed (D = 0.949) for a total of 16 different haploid sequence types with 11 genotypes represented by single isolates. Phylogenetic analysis detected clusters composed of isolates obtained only from China or Thailand, as well as clusters with a combination of isolates from these two countries, indicating some mixing or common descent. Identical sequences were observed for isolates passed in vitro for 8 weeks, suggesting good reproducibility. The low degree of nucleotide diversity in housekeeping and regulatory genes suggests the recent emergence and spread as a species or an evolutionary bottleneck. In summary, multilocus sequence typing demonstrated a high degree of discriminatory power and reproducibility and may provide a robust and reliable adjunct method for genotyping isolates of P. marneffei and facilitating interlaboratory comparisons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lasker, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM blasker@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3145 EP 3153 DI 10.1128/JCM.00567-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086YB UT WOS:000240708000013 PM 16954240 ER PT J AU Lu, XY Chittaganpitch, M Olsen, SJ Mackay, IM Sloots, TP Fry, AM Erdman, DD AF Lu, Xiaoyan Chittaganpitch, Malinee Olsen, Sonja J. Mackay, Ian M. Sloots, Theo P. Fry, Alicia M. Erdman, Dean D. TI Real-time PCR assays for detection of bocavirus in human specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN; CORONAVIRUS AB The recently discovered human bocavirus (HBoV) is the first member of the family Parpoviridae, genus Bocavirus, to be potentially associated with human disease. Several studies have identified HBoV in respiratory specimens from children with acute respiratory disease, but the full spectrum of clinical disease and the epidemiology of HBoV infection remain unclear. The availability of rapid and reliable molecular diagnostics would therefore aid future studies of this novel virus. To address this, we developed two sensitive and specific real-time TaqMan PCR assays that target the HBoV NS1 and NP-1 genes. Both assays could reproducibly detect 10 copies of a recombinant DNA plasmid containing a partial region of the HBoV genome, with a dynamic range of 8 log units (10(1) to 10(8) copies). Eight blinded clinical specimen extracts positive for HBoV by an independent PCR assay were positive by both real-time assays. Among 1,178 NP swabs collected from hospitalized pneumonia patients in Sa Kaeo Province, Thailand, 53 (4.5%) were reproducibly positive for HBoV by one or both targets. Our data confirm the possible association of HBoV infection with pneumonia and demonstrate the utility of these real-time PCR assays for HBoV detection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Gastroenteritis Viruses Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Natl Inst Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Thai MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Int Emerging Infect Program, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Royal Childrens Hosp, Sir Albert Sakzewski Virus Res Ctr, Qpid Lab, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Univ Queensland, Clin Med Virol Ctr, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Gastroenteritis Viruses Branch, Div Viral Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde1@cdc.gov RI Mackay, Ian M./B-2537-2010; Sloots, Theo/E-6118-2011 OI Mackay, Ian M./0000-0003-3598-2350; NR 9 TC 102 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3231 EP 3235 DI 10.1128/JCM.00889-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086YB UT WOS:000240708000026 PM 16954253 ER PT J AU Sunnotel, O Snelling, WJ Xiao, L Moule, K Moore, JE Millar, BC Dooley, JSG Lowery, CJ AF Sunnotel, O. Snelling, W. J. Xiao, L. Moule, K. Moore, J. E. Millar, B. Cherie Dooley, J. S. G. Lowery, C. J. TI Rapid and sensitive detection of single Cryptosporidium oocysts from archived glass slides SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID REAL-TIME PCR; ENVIRONMENTAL WATER SAMPLES; LASER MICRODISSECTION; GENE-EXPRESSION; SURFACE-WATER; CELLULAR INVASION; DRINKING-WATER; PARVUM OOCYSTS; FECAL SMEARS; WASTE-WATER AB In this study we report on the development and application of a novel method for efficiently extracting and detecting single Cryptosporidium oocysts from archived glass slides. Laser capture microscopy was used to extract low numbers of oocysts from archived glass slides. Highly sensitive real-time PCR methods were then developed to enable the rapid detection and identification of Cryptosporidium oocysts from these samples. The method was applied to fecal smears stained with a variety of standard oocyst stains and water samples. This application, with samples derived from both public health and water service laboratories, highlighted the strong potential of this method to be used as a rapid high-throughput screening tool for the routine monitoring of Cryptosporidium and other medically important pathogens from clinical, veterinary, and environmental water samples. Importantly, the application of our protocol could be used to type Cryptosporidium and other pathogens from stored archived glass slides in public health and water service laboratories, providing vital epidemiological updates and helping to identify and trace pathogens and their routes of infection and ultimately improve their control. C1 Univ Ulster, Ctr Mol Biosci, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Biomed Sci,Fac Life & Hlth Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Water Serv No Ireland, Altnagelvin Lab, Londonderry BT47 2LL, North Ireland. Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Lowery, CJ (reprint author), Univ Ulster, Ctr Mol Biosci, Dept Biomed Sci, Sch Biomed Sci,Fac Life & Hlth Sci, Cromore Rd, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. EM cj.lowery@ulster.ac.uk RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Dooley, James/0000-0002-9459-5572 NR 54 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3285 EP 3291 DI 10.1128/JCM.00541-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086YB UT WOS:000240708000035 PM 16954262 ER PT J AU Hoffmaster, AR Hill, KK Gee, JE Marston, CK De, BK Popovic, T Sue, D Wilkins, PP Avashia, SB Drumgoole, R Helma, CH Ticknor, LO Okinaka, RT Jackson, PJ AF Hoffmaster, Alex R. Hill, Karen K. Gee, Jay E. Marston, Chung K. De, Barun K. Popovic, Tanja Sue, David Wilkins, Patricia P. Avashia, Swati B. Drumgoole, Rahsaan Helma, Charles H. Ticknor, Lawrence O. Okinaka, Richard T. Jackson, Paul J. TI Characterization of Bacillus cereus isolates associated with fatal pneumonias: Strains are closely related to Bacillus anthracis and Harbor B-anthracis virulence genes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; WELDING FUMES; TOXIN GENES; THURINGIENSIS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; POPULATION; DIVERSITY; EVOLUTION; PXO1 AB Bacillus cereus is ubiquitous in nature, and while most isolates appear to be harmless, some are associated with food-borne illnesses, periodontal diseases, and other more serious infections. In one such infection, B. cereus G9241 was identified as the causative agent of a severe pneumonia in a Louisiana welder in 1994. This isolate was found to harbor most of the B. anthracis virulence plasmid pXO1 (13). Here we report the characterization of two clinical and one environmental B. cereus isolate collected (luring an investigation of two fatal pneumonia cases in Texas metal workers. Molecular subtyping revealed that the two cases were not caused by the same strain. However, one of the three isolates was indistinguishable from B. cereus G9241. PCR analysis demonstrated that both clinical isolates contained B. anthracis pXO1 toxin genes. One clinical isolate and the environmental isolate collected from that victim's worksite contained the cap A, B, and C genes required for capsule biosynthesis in B. anthracis. Both clinical isolates expressed a capsule; however, neither was composed Of poly-D-glutamic acid. Although most B. cereus isolates are not opportunistic pathogens and only a limited number cause food-borne illnesses, these results demonstrate that some B. cereus strains can cause severe and even fatal infections in patients who appear to be otherwise healthy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Decis Applicat Div, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Def Biol Div, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. RP Hoffmaster, AR (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM amh9@cdc.gov OI Ticknor, Lawrence/0000-0002-7967-7908 NR 25 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3352 EP 3360 DI 10.1128/JCM.00561-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086YB UT WOS:000240708000045 PM 16954272 ER PT J AU Donabedian, SM Perri, MB Vager, D Hershberger, E Malani, P Simjee, S Chow, J Vergis, EN Muder, RR Gay, K Angulo, FJ Bartlett, P Zervos, MJ AF Donabedian, S. M. Perri, M. B. Vager, D. Hershberger, E. Malani, P. Simjee, S. Chow, J. Vergis, E. N. Muder, R. R. Gay, K. Angulo, F. J. Bartlett, P. Zervos, M. J. TI Quinupristin-dalfopristin resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates from humans, farm animals, and grocery store meat in the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS PATTERNS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; FOOD-ANIMALS; STREPTOGRAMIN-A; SATA GENE; QUINUPRISTIN/DALFOPRISTIN; IDENTIFICATION; VIRGINIAMYCIN; INFECTIONS; DENMARK AB Three hundred sixty-one quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q-D) -resistant Enterococcus faecium (QDREF) isolates were isolated from humans, turkeys, chickens, swine, dairy and beef cattle from farms, chicken carcasses, and ground pork from grocery stores in the United States from 1995 to 2003. These isolates were evaluated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to determine possible commonality between QDREF isolates from human and animal sources. PCR was performed to detect the streptogramin resistance genes vatD, vatE, and vgbA and the macrolide resistance gene ermB to determine the genetic mechanism of resistance in these isolates. QDREF from humans did not have PFGE patterns similar to those from animal sources. vatE was found in 35%, 26%, and 2% of QDREF isolates from turkeys, chickens, and humans, respectively, and was not found in QDREF isolates from other sources. ermB was commonly found in QDREF isolates from all sources. Known streptogramin resistance genes were absent in the majority of isolates, suggesting the presence of other, as-yet-undetermined, mechanisms of Q-D resistance. C1 Wayne State Univ, Henry Ford Hosp, Sch Med, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Lansing, MI USA. RP Zervos, MJ (reprint author), Wayne State Univ, Henry Ford Hosp, Sch Med, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. EM mzervos1@hfhs.org FU DRS NIH HHS [RS1/CCR520614-01]; FDA HHS [FD-U-001577-01] NR 38 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3361 EP 3365 DI 10.1128/JCM.02412-05 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086YB UT WOS:000240708000046 PM 16954273 ER PT J AU Sue, D Hoffmaster, AR Popovic, T Wilkins, PP AF Sue, David Hoffmaster, Alex R. Popovic, Tanja Wilkins, Patricia P. TI Capsule production in Bacillus cereus strains associated with severe pneumonia SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTHRACIS; IDENTIFICATION AB We identified three encapsulated Bacillus cereus strains, isolated from patients with severe pneumonia, in a collection of B. cereus isolates associated with human illness. We found that the extent of capsule expression was influenced by culturing conditions. Our findings highlight consequent clinical and laboratory diagnostic challenges posed by such isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wilkins, PP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pwilkins@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3426 EP 3428 DI 10.1128/JCM.00873-06 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086YB UT WOS:000240708000065 PM 16954292 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Chi, KH George, RW Cox, DL Srivastava, A Silva, MR Carneiro, F Lauwers, GY Ballard, RC AF Chen, Cheng-Yen Chi, Kai-Hua George, Robert W. Cox, David L. Srivastava, Amitabh Silva, Mario Rui Carneiro, Fatima Lauwers, Gregory Y. Ballard, Ronald C. TI Diagnosis of gastric syphilis by direct immunofluorescence staining and real-time PCR testing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; DNA AB We report on a case of gastric syphilis in a patient with chronic dyspepsia. The diagnosis was established by serology and the demonstration of spirochetes in diffusely inflammed gastric mucosa by staining with a fluorescent monoclonal antibody specific for pathogenic treponemes and by the detection of specific treponemal DNA sequences by a real-time PCR. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Hosp Coimbra, Dept Pathol, Coimbra, Portugal. Univ Porto, Inst Mol Pathol & Immunol, P-4100 Oporto, Portugal. Fac Med HS Joao, Oporto, Portugal. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop G-39,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cycl@cdc.gov RI Srivastava, Amitabh/A-9386-2009; Carneiro, Fatima/J-6432-2013 OI Carneiro, Fatima/0000-0002-1964-1006 NR 10 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 3452 EP 3456 DI 10.1128/JCM.00721-06 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 086YB UT WOS:000240708000072 PM 16954299 ER PT J AU Dunet, DO Reyes, M AF Dunet, Diane O. Reyes, Michele TI Stakeholder-focused evaluation of an online course for health care providers SO JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS LA English DT Article DE evaluation; training evaluation; evaluation planning; training impact; continuing education ID HEMOCHROMATOSIS AB Introduction: Different people who have a stake or interest in a training course (stakeholders) may have markedly different definitions of what constitutes "training success" and how they will use evaluation results. Methods: Stakeholders at multiple levels within and outside of the organization guided the development of an evaluation plan for a Web-based training course on hemochromatosis. Stakeholder interests and values were reflected in the type, level, and rigor of evaluation methods selected. Our mixed-method evaluation design emphasized small sample sizes and repeated measures. Results: Limited resources for evaluation were leveraged by focusing on the data needs of key stakeholders, understanding how they wanted to use evaluation results, and collecting data needed for stakeholder decision making. Regular feedback to key stakeholders provided opportunities for updating the course evaluation plan to meet emerging needs for new or different information. Early and repeated involvement of stakeholders in the evaluation process also helped build support for the final product. Involving patient advocacy groups, managers, and representative course participants improved the course and enhanced product dissemination. Discussion: For training courses, evaluation planning is an opportunity to tailor methods and data collection to meet the information needs of particular stakeholders. Rigorous evaluation research of every training course may be infeasible or unwarranted; however, course evaluations can be improved by good planning. A stakeholder-focused approach can build a picture of the results and impact of training while fostering the practical use of evaluation data. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dunet, DO (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ddunet@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0894-1912 J9 J CONTIN EDUC HEALTH JI J. Contin. Educ. Health Prof. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 26 IS 4 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1002/chp.79 PG 11 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 124KM UT WOS:000243366700002 PM 17163497 ER PT J AU Osterman-Golkar, SM Vesper, HW AF Osterman-Golkar, Siv M. Vesper, Hubert W. TI Assessment of the relationship between glucose and A1c using kinetic modeling SO JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE glycated hemoglobin; HbA1c; glucose; mathematical modeling ID HUMAN HEMOGLOBIN-A; NON-ENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; BLOOD-GLUCOSE; PLASMA-GLUCOSE; GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN; METABOLIC CONTROL; BIOKINETIC MODEL; IN-VITRO; HBA(1C) AB Treatment goals for diabetic patients are directed towards lowering Ale values by controlling blood glucose concentrations (BGC), making it important to understand the relationship between the two parameters. Because findings from clinical trials about the relationship between BGC and Ale values show a profound variability around the obtained regression lines, they are difficult to apply to individual patients. Therefore, a model was developed and applied based on the kinetics of HbA1c formation and removal. It takes the instability of A1c and loss of hemoglobin into consideration. Data from clinical studies and hypothetical scenarios were used to test the model and to describe the relationship between Ale and BGC. A close agreement between experimental and calculated data was obtained in steady-state and non-steady-state conditions. Aside the erythrocyte life span, the chemical instability of Ale appears to affect Ale levels markedly and their changes due to therapy. A threefold increase in BGC over 30 days prior to Ale measurement can cause an increase in Ale value of about 120% as compared with 4% when it occurs 4 months prior to A I c measurement. Profound daily fluctuations in BGC result in minor changes in Ale. In conclusion, Ale provides information about a patient's glycemia, mainly over the past 2 months, and may not reflect well daily blood glucose fluctuations. This model might be suitable to identify individual differences in glycation rates. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Mol Biol & Funct Genom, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hvesper@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1056-8727 J9 J DIABETES COMPLICAT JI J. Diabetes Complications PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 20 IS 5 BP 285 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.07.009 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 085ZY UT WOS:000240644100003 PM 16949515 ER PT J AU Zarate, AO Zayatz, L AF Zarate, Alvan O. Zayatz, Laura TI Essentials of the disclosure review process: A federal perspective SO JOURNAL OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESEARCH ETHICS LA English DT Article DE disclosure review; de-identification; data access AB MANY RESEARCHERS NEED TO MAKE arrangements to share de-identified electronic data files. However, the ways in which respondent identity may be protected are not well understood or are assumed to be the special province of large statistical agencies or specialized statisticians. Approaches to data sharing and protecting respondent identity have been pioneered by federal agencies which gather data vital to political and economic decision making. These agencies are required by statutory law both to assure confidentiality and to share data in usable form with other governmental agencies and with scholars who perform needed analyses of those data. The basic principles of disclosure limitation developed by the Census Bureau, the National Center for Health Statistics, and other federal agencies are fundamental to meeting new funding requirements to share and de-identify data, and are often referred to in the literature on data sharing. We describe how these principles are employed by the Disclosure Review Boards (DRBs) of these two agencies, and then state these principles in more general terms that are applicable to any disclosure review process. The kinds of data that academic institutions share may call for less complex or stringent DRBs and specific nondisclosure procedures different from those employed by federal agencies, but the same general principles apply. Specific application of these six principles by non-government researchers will depend on the nature of their data, their own institutional resources, and the likely future usefulness of their data. C1 [Zarate, Alvan O.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Zarate, AO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 7116, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM AOZ1@cdc.Gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CALIFORNIA PRESS PI BERKELEY PA C/O JOURNALS DIVISION, 2000 CENTER ST, STE 303, BERKELEY, CA 94704-1223 USA SN 1556-2646 J9 J EMPIR RES HUM RES JI J. Empir. Res. Hum. Res. Ethics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 1 IS 3 BP 51 EP 62 DI 10.1525/jer.2006.1.3.51 PG 12 WC Ethics; Medical Ethics SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Medical Ethics GA V44MO UT WOS:000203007000007 PM 19385823 ER PT J AU Radke, V AF Radke, Vince TI The need for partnerships for food safety SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Radke, V (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vradke@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 69 IS 2 BP 34 EP 35 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 078CW UT WOS:000240080000007 PM 16986418 ER PT J AU Choi, BCK Mokdad, AH AF Choi, Bernard C. K. Mokdad, Ali H. TI Emerging issues in public health information SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Control, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Univ Ottawa, Dept Epidemiol & Community Med, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Choi, BCK (reprint author), Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Control, AL 6701A,120 Colonnade Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 1B4, Canada. EM Bernard_Choi@phac-aspc.gc.ca NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 60 IS 9 BP 823 EP 823 DI 10.1136/jech.2005.039537 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 078ST UT WOS:000240124400017 PM 16905730 ER PT J AU Lin, CM Zhang, L Doyle, MP Swaminathan, B AF Lin, Chia-Min Zhang, Lei Doyle, Michael P. Swaminathan, Bala TI Comparison of media and sampling locations for isolation of Listeria monocytogenes in queso fresco cheese SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN CHEESES; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; MANUFACTURE AB Listeriosis associated with Hispanic-style soft cheese is an ongoing public health concern. Although rapid detection methods based on molecular and immunological technologies have been applied successfully for detecting Listeria monocytogenes in foods, obtaining isolates of the pathogen is a critical procedure for epidentiologic studies and regulatory analysis. Oxford agar, a medium recommended by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual (BAM) to isolate L. monocytogenes from cheese, is unable to differentiate L. monocytogenes from other Listeria species. Hence, two selective isolation media, L. monocytogenes blood agar (LMBA) and Rapid 'L. mono agar (RLMA), were compared with Oxford agar for isolating L. monocytogenes from cheese. Queso fresco cheese was inoculated at 10(0) or 10(1) CFU/g with a five-strain mixture of L monocytogenes or with the five-strain L. monocytogenes mixture and Listeria innocua. Cheese samples were stored at 21, 12, and 4 degrees C and Listeria counts were determined at 3, 7, and 10 days; 7, 10, 14, 21 days; and 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks postinoculation, respectively. Surface and interior cheese samples as well as liquid exudate produced during storage were assayed individually to determine differences in Listeria contamination at different sampling locations. L. monocytogenes was more easily differentiated from L. innocua on RLMA than LMBA and Oxford agar. Similar L. monocytogenes counts (ca. 104 CFU/g) were obtained on the last sampling day on the surface and interior of cheese samples (P > 0.05) for all storage temperatures and both initial inoculation levels, but smaller cell numbers were detected in the exudate produced during storage. In addition, simultaneous inoculation of L innocua with L. monocytogenes did not affect the final L monocytogenes counts in the cheese. The amount of exudate released from the cheese and decrease of pH correlated with storage temperature. More exudate was produced and a greater decrease of pH occurred at 21 degrees C than at 12 or 4 degrees C. Our results indicate that RLMA is a suitable medium for isolating L. monocytogenes from queso fresco cheese. Higher counts of L monocytogenes were obtained from surface and interior samples of cheese than from the exudate of the cheese during storage. In addition, pH may be a useful indicator of improperly stored queso fresco cheese. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Doyle, MP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. EM mdoyle@uga.edu NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 69 IS 9 BP 2151 EP 2156 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 085DI UT WOS:000240583000013 PM 16995517 ER PT J AU Hunt, AR Frederickson, S Hinkel, C Bowdish, KS Roehrig, JT AF Hunt, Ann R. Frederickson, Shana Hinkel, Christopher Bowdish, Katherine S. Roehrig, John T. TI A humanized murine monoclonal antibody protects mice either before or after challenge with virulent Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; PHAGE DISPLAY APPROACH; STRUCTURAL PROTEINS; SINDBIS-VIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; PASSIVE TRANSFER; TC-83 VIRUS; EBOLA-VIRUS; IN-VITRO; INFECTION AB A humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) has been developed and its potential to protect from or cure a Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus (VEEV) infection was evaluated. The VEEV-neutralizing, protective murine mAb 3B4C-4 was humanized using combinatorial antibody libraries and phage-display technology. Humanized VEEV-binding Fabs were evaluated for virus-neutralizing capacity, then selected Fabs were converted to whole immunoglobulin (Ig) G1, and stable cell lines were generated. The humanized mAb Hy4-26C, designated Hy4 IgG, had virus-neutralizing capacity similar to that of 3B4C-4. Passive antibody protection studies with purified Hy4 IgG were performed in adult Swiss Webster mice. As little as 100 ng Hy4 IgG protected 90% of mice challenged with 100 intraperitoneal (i.p.) mean morbidity (MD50) doses of virulent VEEV (Trinidad donkey) 24 h after antibody transfer; also, 500 mu g Hy4 IgG protected 80% of mice inoculated with 100 intranasal MD50 doses of VEEV. Moreover, 10 mu g passive Hy4 IgG protected 70% of mice from a VEEV challenge dose as great as 10(7) i.p. MD50. Hy4 IgG also protected mice from challenge with another epizootic VEEV variety, 1C (P676). Importantly, therapeutic administration of the humanized mAb to mice already infected with VEEV cured 90% of mice treated with Hy4 IgG within 1h of VEEV inoculation and 75% of mice treated 24 h after virus infection. C1 US Dept HHS, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hunt, AR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM arh4@cdc.gov OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 FU PHS HHS [200199900034, 200200010032] NR 57 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 87 BP 2467 EP 2476 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81925-0 PN 9 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 076EN UT WOS:000239939900003 PM 16894184 ER PT J AU Langlois, JA Rutland-Brown, W Wald, MM AF Langlois, Jean A. Rutland-Brown, Wesley Wald, Marlena M. TI The epidemiology and impact of traumatic brain injury - A brief overview SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE closed head injury; craniocerebral trauma; epidemiology; traumatic brain injury ID EARLY ADULTHOOD; UNITED-STATES; HEAD-INJURY; RISK; POPULATION; CONCUSSION; CAROLINA AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health problem in the United States and worldwide. The estimated 5.3 million Americans living with TBI-related disability face numerous challenges in their efforts to return to a full and productive life. This article presents an overview of the epidemiology and impact of TBI. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Lockheed Martin Corp, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rutland-Brown, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Response, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 1146 Z9 1159 U1 34 U2 239 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 21 IS 5 BP 375 EP 378 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 084JM UT WOS:000240529200001 PM 16983222 ER PT J AU Liang, XF Zhang, Y Xu, WB Wen, N Zuo, SY Lee, LA Yu, JJ AF Liang, Xiaofeng Zhang, Yong Xu, Wenbo Wen, Ning Zuo, Shuyan Lee, Lisa A. Yu, Jingjin TI An outbreak of poliomyelitis caused by type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus in China SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION AB Background. In May-July 2004, type 1 vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) was isolated from 2 case patients with polio and a contact of a third case patient in Guizhou Province. Methods. We conducted afield investigation of the outbreak, characterized outbreak isolates, and retrospectively reviewed national polio surveillance data for other VDPVs. Results. Case patients were unimmunized children, 0.9-3.2 years old, living in 2 villages 40 km apart. Immunization coverage in the affected villages was very low. Isolates differed from the Sabin 1 type by 9-11 VP1 nucleotides (1.0%-1.2%); which indicated, on the basis of known rates of mutation of Sabin strains, that they had been circulating for < 1 year. A province-wide immunization response targeting all children < 5 years old was initiated in August, and the strain has not been isolated since. During 1997-2004, 10 VDPV strains (5 of type 2, 3 of type 1, and 2 of type 3) were isolated from > 50,000 children with acute flaccid paralysis and their contacts; 8 (80%) were found in southern provinces, and 9 (90%) spontaneously disappeared. Conclusion. This is the first polio outbreak in China in over a decade and the first due to VDPV The short duration of circulation demonstrates the rapidity with which attenuated Sabin strains can revert to a wild phenotype. One to two VDPVs have been identified each year, primarily in densely populated subtropical regions of southern China. This outbreak highlights the need to consider risks of paralysis from vaccine-derived strains in development of national poliomyelitis immunization policy. C1 Minist Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. Natl Immuniz Programme, Beijing, Peoples R China. China Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Virol, Natl Polio Lab, Beijing, Peoples R China. World Hlth Org, Beijing, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yu, JJ (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Dept Dis Control, 1 Xizhimenwai S Rd, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China. EM yujj@mohmail.cn NR 16 TC 54 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 5 BP 545 EP 551 DI 10.1086/506359 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 078HH UT WOS:000240092800003 PM 16897650 ER PT J AU Maloney, EM Yamano, Y VanVeldhuisen, PC Sawada, T Kim, N Cranston, B Hanchard, B Jacobson, S Hisada, M AF Maloney, Elizabeth Margaret Yamano, Yoshihisa VanVeldhuisen, Paul C. Sawada, Takashi Kim, Norma Cranston, Beverley Hanchard, Barrie Jacobson, Steven Hisada, Michie TI Natural history of viral markers in children infected with human T lymphotropic virus type I in Jamaica SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL SPASTIC PARAPARESIS; HTLV-I; CELL LEUKEMIA; PLACENTAL-TRANSFER; PRETERM INFANTS; PROVIRAL LOAD; FULL-TERM; DERMATITIS; ANTIBODIES; CARRIERS AB Purpose. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) viral markers in 28 Jamaican mothers and their children, who were monitored for a median of 6.2 years after the birth of the children. Methods. The HTLV-I provirus DNA load was measured using the Taqman system (PE Applied Biosystems). The HTLV-I antibody titer was determined using the Vironstika HTLV-I/II Microelisa System (Organon Teknika). The HTLV-I Tax-specific antibody titers were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Generalized estimating equations were used to describe the associations of exposure variables with sequentially measured levels of HTLV-I viral markers in children. Results. The HTLV-I antibody titer increased significantly up to 1 year after infection, reaching equilibrium at a median titer of 1:7786. The prevalence of Tax-specific antibody reached 80% at 2 years after infection. The provirus load increased up to 2 years after infection, reaching equilibrium at a median of 6695 copies/100,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The increase in the provirus load was significant only among children with eczema, but not among children without eczema. Conclusions. The provirus loads in children increased for an additional year after their antibody titers had stabilized, possibly as a result of the expansion of HTLV-I-infected clones. This effect was significant only for children with eczema. Among HTLV-I-infected children, eczema may be a cutaneous marker of the risk of HTLVI-associated diseases developing in adulthood. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Nat Ctr Infect Dis,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NCI, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NINDS, Neuroimmunol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Derv, Bethesda, MD USA. EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Res Triangle Inst, Rockville, MD USA. Kagoshima City Hosp, Kagoshima, Japan. Clin Res Ctr, Depp Clin Res & Dev, Eisai, Tokyo, Japan. Univ W Indies, Mona Kingston, Jamaica. RP Maloney, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Nat Ctr Infect Dis,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM evm3@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP33043-21, N01-CP31006, N01-CP-40548, N01-CP-21121] NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 5 BP 552 EP 560 DI 10.1086/506365 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 078HH UT WOS:000240092800004 PM 16897651 ER PT J AU Ray, P Fenaux, M Sharma, S Malik, J Subodh, S Bhatnagar, S Greenberg, H Glass, RI Gentsch, J Bhan, MK AF Ray, Pratima Fenaux, Martijn Sharma, Sumit Malik, Jyoti Subodh, Swati Bhatnagar, Shinjini Greenberg, Harry Glass, Roger I. Gentsch, Jon Bhan, M. K. TI Quantitative evaluation of rotaviral antigenemia in children with acute rotaviral diarrhea SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Congress of Virology CY JUL 23-28, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; EXTRAINTESTINAL SPREAD; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; RHESUS ROTAVIRUS; LYMPHOID-TISSUES; GASTROENTERITIS; INFECTION; MICE AB Background. Rotaviral antigen and RNA have recently been identified in the serum of patients with rotaviral gastroenteritis, but the roles they play in disease remains undetermined. Methods. Rotaviral antigen and RNA were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in stool and serum specimens from children with rotaviral diarrhea (n = 102), children with nonrotaviral diarrhea (n = 40), and nondiarrheal control children (n = 30). Results. Rotaviral antigenemia was detected in 64%, 3%, and 0% of the children with rotaviral diarrhea, the children with nonrotaviral diarrhea, and the nondiarrheal control children, respectively. The level of rotaviral antigen in serum was similar to 2 X 10(2)-fold lower than that in stool, and a moderate correlation was observed between the 2 levels. Rotaviral RNA was detected in 93% of the antigen-positive serum specimens. The median number of RNA copies in serum was similar to 1 X 10(5)-fold lower than that in stool, and no correlation was observed between the 2 levels. Serum levels of both antigen and RNA were inversely associated with baseline titers of rotaviral serum immunoglobulin G (P <.01). Antigenemia was also associated with G1 serotype. Conclusions. Rotaviral antigenemia and viremia were common in children with rotaviral diarrhea, but antigen and RNA levels in serum were substantially lower than those in stool. Antigenemia was associated with infection with G1 strains and with low baseline titers of rotaviral serum antibody. C1 All India Inst Med Sci, Ctr Diarrheal Dis Res, Dept Pediat, New Delhi 110029, India. Stanford Sch Med, Dept Med, Stanford, CA USA. Stanford Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Stanford, CA USA. Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ray, P (reprint author), All India Inst Med Sci, Ctr Diarrheal Dis Res, Dept Pediat, New Delhi 110029, India. EM pratimaray@gmail.com OI Ray, Pratima/0000-0002-2182-2279 NR 39 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 5 BP 588 EP 593 DI 10.1086/505878 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 078HH UT WOS:000240092800009 PM 16897656 ER PT J AU Gessner, BD Baggett, HC Dunaway, E Gold, BD Parkinson, AJ AF Gessner, Bradford D. Baggett, Henry C. Dunaway, Eitel Gold, Benjamin D. Parkinson, Alan J. TI Helicobacter pylori eradication and its effect on iron stores: A reappraisal - Reply to Cardenas et al. SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Infect Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Sect, Anchorage, AK USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Gessner, BD (reprint author), POB 240249,Ste 540,3601 C St, Anchorage, AK 99516 USA. EM Brad_Gessner@health.state.ak.us NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 5 BP 714 EP 716 DI 10.1086/505717 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 078HH UT WOS:000240092800027 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, RH Galardo, AKR Lounibos, LP Arruda, M Wirtz, R AF Zimmerman, Robert H. Ribeiro Galardo, Allan Kardec Lounibos, L. Philip Arruda, M. Wirtz, R. TI Bloodmeal hosts of Anopheles species (Diptera : Culicidae) in a malaria-endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE host selection; human blood index; mixed bloodmeals; mosquitoes ID SELECTION PATTERNS; FEEDING PATTERNS; SOUTHERN MEXICO; MOSQUITOS; TRANSMISSION; AMERICA; MEALS; INDEX; PSEUDOPUNCTIPENNIS; VENEZUELA AB Hosts of blood-fed anophelines (Diptera: Culicidae) were determined in three riverine villages, 1.5-7.0 km apart, along the Matapi River, Amapd state, Brazil, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay midgut analysis for IgG of common vertebrates. Anopheles marajoara Galvao & Damsceno and Anopheles darlingi Root had higher human blood indices (HBI) than Anopheles nuneztovari Gabaldon, Anopheles triannulatus (Neiva & Pinto), and Anopheles intermedius (Chagas), which were relatively zoophilic. HBIs of An. darlingi varied significantly among villages, attributable to a low proportion of human-fed mosquitoes in Santo Antonio. Significantly higher incidence of An. marajoara and An. nuneztovari fed on pig blood at two villages, associated with a low number of pigs in Santo Antonio. The incidences of bovine blood varied significantly among villages for all three of the most common anopheline species. The incidence of mixed meals ranged from 7.1 to 27.6% among common species, and, for An. marajoara, varied significantly among villages. This study demonstrates differences in host selection patterns among villages only a few kilometers apart, which may be influenced by host availability and have important epidemiological consequences. C1 Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Immunopharmacol, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Recife, PE, Brazil. Natl Hlth Fdn FUNASA, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zimmerman, RH (reprint author), Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Florida Med Entomol Lab, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01AI48806-01A1] NR 42 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 947 EP 956 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[947:BHOASD]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 085LI UT WOS:000240605200025 PM 17017232 ER PT J AU Dietrich, G Dolan, MC Peralta-Cruz, J Schmidt, J Piesman, J Eisen, RJ Karchesy, JJ AF Dietrich, Gabrielle Dolan, Marc C. Peralta-Cruz, Javier Schmidt, Jason Piesman, Joseph Eisen, Rebecca J. Karchesy, Joseph J. TI Repellent activity of fractioned compounds from Chamaecyparis nootkatensis essential oil against nymphal Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE natural products; tick repellent; Ixodes scapularis; Lyme disease ID LYME-DISEASE; TICKS ACARI; LABORATORY EVALUATION; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; INSECT REPELLENTS; DEET; MOSQUITOS; SAFETY; PROTECTION AB Preliminary repellent activity of 14 natural products isolated from essential oil components extracted from the heartwood of Alaska yellow cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkatenis (D. Don) Spach., were evaluated against nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say in a laboratory bioassay and compared with technical grade N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet). Four hours after treatment, nootkatone and valencene-13-ol bad repellent concentration (RC)(50) values of 0.0458 and 0.0712% (wt:vol), respectively; two additional Alaska yellow cedar compounds, nootkatone 1 -> 10 epoxide and carvacrol bad reported RC50 values of 0.0858 and 0.112%, respectively. The observed RC50 value for deet was 0.0728% (wt:vol). Although not statistically significantly more active than deet, the ability of these natural products to repel ticks at relatively low concentrations may represent a potential alternative to synthetic commercial repellents. C1 CDC, DVBID, BZB, Vector Ecol & Control Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80524 USA. Inst Politecn Nacl, Natl Sch Biol Sci, Dept Organ Chem, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Dietrich, G (reprint author), CDC, DVBID, BZB, Vector Ecol & Control Lab, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM eid7@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 957 EP 961 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[957:RAOFCF]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 085LI UT WOS:000240605200026 PM 17017233 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Durden, LA Dasch, GA AF Reeves, Will K. Durden, Lance A. Dasch, Gregory A. TI A spotted fever group Rickettsia from an exotic tick species, Amblyomma exornatum (Acari : Ixodidae), in a reptile breeding facility in the United States SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exotic species; zoonotic disease; imported animals; foreign animal disease ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; COXIELLA-BURNETII; FLORIDA; HEARTWATER; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; PCR AB Adults and nymphs of,Amblyomma exornatum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae), an exotic African tick of monitor lizards, were collected from a Gray's monitor lizard, Varanus olivaceus Hallowell, that died in a reptile facility in Alabama. Nine adult ticks were tested by polymerase chain reaction for rickettsial agents. DNA from a novel spotted fever group Rickettsia was amplified and sequenced from one of the nine ticks. The novel Rickettsia was most similar to "Rickettsia anan," which is associated with Amblyomma from Asia. The detection of a spotted fever group Rickettsia in exotic ticks emphasizes the potential threat posed by the importation and propagation of exotic animals in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wreeves@alumin.clemson.edu NR 20 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 6 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMERICA PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1099 EP 1101 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)43[1099:ASFGRF]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 085LI UT WOS:000240605200045 PM 17017252 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Ikeda, T Takahashi, M Haratani, T Hojou, M Swanson, NG Fujioka, Y Araki, S AF Nakata, Akinori Ikeda, Tomoko Takahashi, Masaya Haratani, Takashi Hojou, Minoru Swanson, Naomi G. Fujioka, Yosei Araki, Shunichi TI The prevalence and correlates of occupational injuries in small-scale manufacturing enterprises SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE occupational injury; safety; small-scale enterprise; manufacturing; factory; prevalence; correlate; smoking; sleep; occupational health ID WORK-RELATED INJURIES; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION PATTERNS; COLORADO FARM RESIDENTS; INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS; RISK-FACTORS; SHIFT WORK; JOB STRESS; CONSTRUCTION-INDUSTRY; COGNITIVE FAILURES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING AB Health-Workers involved in small-scale manufacturing businesses are known to comprise a high-risk population for occupational injury. The present study investigated the prevalence and correlates of occupational injury in this population. A self-administered questionnaire that solicited answers about occupational information including injury, demographic characteristics, health conditions and lifestyle factors was collected from a sample of 1,298 workers in 228 small-scale manufacturing enterprises (defined as fewer than 50 workers) aged 16-78 (mean 46) yr in Yashio city, Saitama, Japan (response rate 65.5%). The enterprises were randomly selected from the 2000 edition of the city commercial directory corresponding to the distribution of types of businesses in the city. Occupational injury was assessed by asking subjects, 'Have you ever been injured during your work, including minor scratches and cuts in the previous 1-yr period?' The possible response was either 'yes' or 'no.' The prevalence of study-defined occupational injury among the workers was 35.6% (male 43.0%, female 17.9%). Among job types, manufacturing (44.2%) and driving (43.5%) had high rates of occupational injuries. Similarly, occupational injuries were high in the papermaking (54.5%) and machinery (47.7%) industries. For males, younger age, current or former smoking, insomnia symptoms, and disease(s) currently under treatment were correlated with injury, whereas for females, being unmarried, higher educational status, and insomnia symptoms were the correlating factors. Occupational injury is common among small-scale manufacturing businesses, and is associated with multiple controllable factors. Countermeasures such as prohibiting smoking during work, sleep health education, job safety training for young/inexperienced workers are appropriate methods for eliminating or reducing injuries. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ibaraki Prefectural Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing, Sch Hlth Sci, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Publ Hlth, Grad Sch Med, Tokyo, Japan. RP Nakata, A (reprint author), NIOSH, MS-C24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM nakataa-tky@umin.ac.jp RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 54 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU JAPAN SOC OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PI TOKYO PA 1-29-8 SHINJUKU, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 160, JAPAN SN 1341-9145 J9 J OCCUP HEALTH JI J. Occup. Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 48 IS 5 BP 366 EP 376 DI 10.1539/joh.48.366 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 097JH UT WOS:000241442900008 PM 17053303 ER PT J AU Kershnar, AK Daniels, SR Imperatore, G Palla, SL Petitti, DB Pettitt, DJ Marcovina, S Dolan, LM Hamman, RF Liese, AD Pihoker, C Rodriguez, BL AF Kershnar, Ann K. Daniels, Stephen R. Imperatore, Giuseppina Palla, Shana L. Petitti, Diana B. Pettitt, David J. Marcovina, Santica Dolan, Lawrence M. Hamman, Richard F. Liese, Angela D. Pihoker, Catherine Rodriguez, Beatriz L. TI Lipid abnormalities are prevalent in youth with type 1 and type 2 diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; EDUCATION-PROGRAM NCEP; YOUNG-ADULTS; BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; EXPERT PANEL; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD; DISEASE AB Objective Assessment of the prevalence of serum lipid abnormalities in US youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Study design The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study was a cross-sectional, population-based study, conducted in six centers. Subjects were 2448 youth with diabetes who had a study examination. Outcome measures were fasting measures of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, and non-HDL-C. Analysis was descriptive. Results The overall prevalence of high TC concentration (> 240 mg/dL) was 5%; the overall prevalence of high LDL-C (> 160 mg/dL) was 3%, and the overall prevalence of high triglyceride (> 400 mg/dL) was 2%. About half of the participants (48%) had an LDL-C concentration above the optimal level of 100 mg/dL. Among youth ages 10+, the prevalence of abnormal lipids was higher in type 2 (n = 283) than in type 1 diabetes (n = 1963): 33% versus 19% had TC concentration > 200 mg/dL; 24% versus 15% had LDL-C concentration > 130 mg/dL; 29% versus 10% had triglyceride concentration > 150 mg/dL; 44% versus 12% had HDL-C concentration < 40 mg/dL. Only 1% of youth were receiving pharmacologic therapy for dyslipidemia. Conclusions A substantial proportion of young patients with diabetes have abnormal serum lipids. C1 Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Pasadena, CA USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Dept Med, Res Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Denver, CO USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Kershnar, AK (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente So Calif, 9449 E Imperial Highway, Downey, CA 90242 USA. EM Ann.K.Kershnar@kp.org FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR 001271, M01 RR 00037, M01 RR 00069, M01 RR 01070, M01 RR 08084]; PHS HHS [PA 00097] NR 30 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 149 IS 3 BP 314 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.04.065 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 085OB UT WOS:000240612300009 PM 16939739 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Rosenfeld, M Devine, OJ Lai, HCJ Farrell, PM AF Grosse, Scott D. Rosenfeld, Margaret Devine, Owen J. Lai, HuiChuan J. Farrell, Philip M. TI Potential impact of newborn screening for cystic fibrosis on child survival: A systematic review and analysis SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review ID EARLY-DIAGNOSIS; UNITED-STATES; OUTCOMES; MORBIDITY; DISEASE; WALES; CARE AB Objective To estimate the population impact of child mortality as a result of cystic fibrosis (CF) potentially preventable by newborn screening. Study design A systematic literature review of mortality in children with classic CF without meconium ileus (MI) in screened and unscreened cohorts was extended by contacting investigators for unpublished data. In addition, survival in US states with and without newborn screening (NBS) programs for CF was compared using data from the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation Patient Registry (CFFPR). Results Among non-US studies, CF-related mortality risk to approximately 10 years of age was lower by 5 to 10 per 100 in screened cohorts. Unpublished US data from a trial of NBS for CF indicate no CF-related deaths to 10 years of age in either cohort. CFFPR data suggest improved survival among children with CF born in US states with NBS, with a CF-related mortality difference to 10 years of age between the screened and unscreened groups between 1.5 and 2 per 100 children with CF without MI. Conclusion In addition to improving nutritional outcomes, newborn screening for CF may result in improved child survival. The absolute differential in mortality risk, although modest in size, appears comparable to NBS for certain other genetic disorders. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Div Pulm Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Nutr Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Biostat & Med Informat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail stop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgrosse@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 2 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 149 IS 3 BP 362 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2006.04.059 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 085OB UT WOS:000240612300018 PM 16939748 ER PT J AU Goldcamp, EM Myers, J Hendricks, K Layne, L Helmkamp, J AF Goldcamp, E. Michael Myers, John Hendricks, Kitty Layne, Larry Helmkamp, Jim TI Nonfatal all-terrain vehicle-related injuries to youths living on farms in the United States, 2001 SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DEATHS AB Context: Use of all-terrain vehicles (ATVs) in agriculture appears to be growing. Purpose: To provide estimates of ATV ownership and exposure on US farms and an overview of injuries to youths as a result of ATV use on the farm in 2001. Methods: Analysis of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and US Department of Agriculture 2001 Childhood Agricultural Injury Survey. These data, collected via telephone surveys, provide information on nonfatal injuries that occurred to youths younger than 20 years living on US farms during 2001. The injuries included both occupational and nonoccupational incidents. Findings: Of an estimated 1.1 million youths living on farms, 36% had operated an ATV in 2001. Youths younger than 16 years were more likely to have operated an ATV than a tractor on these farms. An estimated 2,246 nonfatal ATV-related injuries occurred to youths younger than 20 years on US farms during 2001. The majority of these ATV injuries (1,668, 74%) occurred to youths identified as members of the household. Males accounted for 1,145 (69%) of the ATV injuries to household youths. The majority of the injuries were to youths aged 10-15 years (1,170, 70%). Most ATV injuries were the result of recreational activities (970, 58%). In addition, many of these injury events involved youths riding without helmets and using ATVs that were larger than the recommended size for their age. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, Injury Control Res Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Goldcamp, EM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ehg8@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD FAL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2006.00051.x PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 087WJ UT WOS:000240773200004 PM 17010027 ER PT J AU Hall, MJ Owings, MF Shinogle, JA AF Hall, Margaret Jean Owings, Maria F. Shinogle, Judith A. TI Inpatient care in rural hospitals at the beginning of the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREVENTABLE HOSPITALIZATIONS AB Context: National data documenting the role that rural hospitals play in providing inpatient care to patients both younger than 65 and 65 years and older has previously been unavailable. Purpose: To present descriptive nationally representative data on the numbers and types of inpatients, and the care they received, in rural hospitals. Methods: This study includes inpatient data from the 2001 National Hospital Discharge Survey, a nationally representative survey of short-stay, nonfederal hospitals in the United States. Inpatients in rural hospitals were compared to those in urban hospitals in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics and patterns of utilization. Among the variables examined were age, number and type of diagnoses, avoidable hospitalizations, comorbidity, procedures received, source of payment, average length of stay, and discharge disposition. Findings: Seventeen percent (5.7 million) of hospitalizations were in rural hospitals in 2001 and a similar percent of the US population lived in rural areas. Rural hospitals provided 23 million days of inpatient care and 4.7 million inpatient procedures. Despite the emphasis placed on Medicare's role in supporting rural hospitals, half of rural hospital inpatients were younger than 65 years. Rural hospital inpatients had shorter average stays and received fewer procedures on average. Seven percent of rural hospital inpatients were transferred to other short-stay hospitals. Conclusions: National data on the broad scope of patients served and inpatient services provided by rural hospitals illustrate one important role these hospitals play in serving rural communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hosp Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Acad Hlth Fellowship Program,Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Hall, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hosp Care Stat Branch, Div Hlth Care Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM mhall@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD FAL PY 2006 VL 22 IS 4 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2006.00054.x PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 087WJ UT WOS:000240773200007 PM 17010030 ER PT J AU Eaton, DK Kann, L Kinchen, S Ross, J Hawkins, J Harris, WA Lowry, R McManus, T Chyen, D Shanklin, S Lim, C Grunbaum, JA Wechsler, H AF Eaton, Danice K. Kann, Laura Kinchen, Steve Ross, James Hawkins, Joseph Harris, William A. Lowry, Richard McManus, Tim Chyen, David Shanklin, Shari Lim, Connie Grunbaum, Jo Anne Wechsler, Howell TI Youth risk behavior surveillance - United States, 2005 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RELIABILITY AB In the United States, 71% of all deaths among persons aged 10-24 years result from 4 causes: motorvehicle crashes, other unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide. Results from the 2005 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) indicated that during the 30 days preceding the survey, many high school students engaged in behaviors that increased their likelihood of death from these 4 causes: 9.9% had driven a car or other vehicle when they had been drinking alcohol, 18.5% had carried a weapon, 43.3% had drunk alcohol, and 20.2% had used marijuana. In addition, during the 12 months preceding the survey, 35.9% of high school students had been in a physical fight and 8.4% had attempted suicide. Substantial morbidity and social problems among youth also result from unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted diseases, including human immunodeficiency virus infection. During 2005, a total of 46.8% of high school students had ever had sexual intercourse, 37.2% of sexually active high school students had not used a condom at last sexual intercourse, and 2.1% had ever injected an illegal drug. Among adults aged >= 25 years, 61% of all deaths result from 2 causes: cardiovascular disease and cancer. Results from the 2005 national YRBS indicated that risk behaviors associated with these 2 causes of death were initiated during adolescence. During 2005, a total of 23.0% of high school students had smoked cigarettes during the 30 days preceding the survey, 79.9% had not eaten >= 5 times/day of fruits and vegetables during the 7 days preceding the survey, 67.0% did not attend physical education classes daily, and 13.1% were overweight. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. ORC Macro, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eaton, DK (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, MS K-33,4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dhe0@cdc.gov; lkk1@cdc.gov; sak1@cdc.org; james.g.ross@orcmacro.com; hawkinsj@westat.com; wah3@cdc.gov; rxl1@cdc.gov; tsm9@cdc.gov; dkc0@cdc.gov; bsa7@cdc.gov; cwl8@cdc.gov; jpg9@cdc.gov; haw7@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 133 Z9 138 U1 3 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 76 IS 7 BP 353 EP 372 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00127.x PG 20 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 075BE UT WOS:000239856300001 PM 16918870 ER PT J AU Garcia, A Paul, K Beall, B McClure, H AF Garcia, Anapatricia Paul, Katherine Beall, Bernard McClure, Harold TI Toxic shock due to Streptococcus pyogenes in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; ASSOCIATION; INFECTIONS; RESISTANCE; MECHANISMS AB Recent years have seen a worldwide resurgence in serious infections caused by group A streptococci. This group includes Streptococcus pyogenes, one of the most common pathogens among children which causes diverse suppurative infections, such as pharyngitis, as well as nonsuppurative infections with sequelae, such as rheumatoid fever and rheumatic heart disease. S. pyogenes produces several superantigen-like erythrogenic toxins, which are believed to be associated with pyrogenicity, erythromatous skin reactions, and various immunologic and cytotoxic effects. These toxins also can cause myocardial necrosis. In addition, recently reported streptococcal infections in obstetric human patients appear to be clinically different from classic puerperal sepsis. Here, we report a case of spontaneous streptococcal infection in a pregnant female rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). In addition to lesions consistent with bacteremia and toxic shock, this animal had severe cardiac lesions resembling those described in humans with rheumatic heart disease. S. pyogenes was isolated from intracardiac blood, liver, placenta, and fetal tissues. This isolate also had a unique M protein gene. C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Garcia, A (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM agarci5@emory.edu NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE PI MEMPHIS PA 9190 CRESTWYN HILLS DR, MEMPHIS, TN 38125 USA SN 1559-6109 J9 J AM ASSOC LAB ANIM JI J. Amer. Assoc. Lab. Anim. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 45 IS 5 BP 79 EP 82 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 090UL UT WOS:000240977500013 PM 16995651 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Barr, JR Calafat, AM Needham, LL Rubin, C Joskow, R AF Barr, Dana Boyd Barr, John R. Calafat, Antonia M. Needham, Larry L. Rubin, Carol Joskow, Renee TI A message from the division of science - Authors' response SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID BISPHENOL-A C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Pesticide Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Biol Mass Spectrometry Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Personal Care Prod Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Toxicol Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hlth & Hazard Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, US Publ Hlth Serv, Off Force Readiness & Deployment, Off Surg Gen,Off Secretary, Rockville, MD USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Pesticide Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 137 IS 9 BP 1214 EP 1214 PG 1 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 086IX UT WOS:000240668100004 ER PT J AU Zayed, ABB Szumlas, DE Hanafi, HA Fryauff, DJ Mostafa, AA Allam, KM Brogdon, WG AF Zayed, Abdel Baset B. Szumlas, Daniel E. Hanafi, A. Hanafi Fryauff, David J. Mostafa, Azza A. Allam, Kamilia M. Brogdon, William G. TI Use of bioassay and microplate assay to detect and measure insecticide resistance in field populations of Culex pipiens from filariasis endemic areas of Egypt SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE bioassay; microplate assay; Culex pipiens; insecticide resistance; Egypt ID GLUTATHIONE-S-TRANSFERASE; MOSQUITO; ANOPHELES; QUINQUEFASCIATUS; BIOCHEMISTRY; MECHANISM; VECTORS; DISEASE AB Insecticide and resistance bioassays and microplate assays were performed on Culex pipiens mosquitoes to determine the level and mechanisms of resistance. Culex pipiens larvae were collected from three filariasis-endemic areas of Egypt and reared to adults for subsequent production and testing of F, generation larvae and adults. Bioassays were performed using World Health Organization (WHO) methods with the diagnostic doses of 6 organophosphate insecticides for larvae and I organochlorine (OC), 4 pyrethroid, 2 organophosphate, and 2 carbamate insecticides for adults. Microplate assays were performed to measure levels of beta esterase, acetylcholinesterase, insensitive acetyleholinesterase, oxidases, and glutathione-S-transferase enzymes. Larval bioassay results showed clear indications of resistance to organophosphate insecticides. Adult bioassays also showed widespread, significant resistance to many insecticides from all four classes, including the OC, DDT. The Qalubiya larval population was susceptible only to malathion, whereas Sharkiya larvae were susceptible to malathion, temephos, and chlorpyrifos. On the other hand, larval specimens from Assiut were resistant to all insecticides tested. Larval bioassay results were supported by those of microplate assays in showing elevated levels of glutathione S-transferase in populations from all three areas. In general, microplate results confirmed patterns of resistance observed using bioassays, and mechanisms of resistance were evident for all three areas sampled. Mechanisms of resistance are discussed in relation to microplate and bioassay results for the areas sampled and pesticides used. C1 NAVMEDRSCHU THREE, Res Sci Directorate, FPO, AE 09835 USA. Al Azhar Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Zool, Assuit Branch, Assiut, Egypt. Res Inst Med Entomol, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zayed, ABB (reprint author), NAVMEDRSCHU THREE, Res Sci Directorate, Code 305,PSC 452,Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM BadraM@namru3.med.navy.mil NR 29 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 22 IS 3 BP 473 EP 482 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2006)22[473:UOBAMA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 092TR UT WOS:000241120700019 PM 17067049 ER PT J AU Schenker, N Raghunathan, TE Chiu, PL Makuc, DM Zhang, GY Cohen, AJ AF Schenker, Nathaniel Raghunathan, Trivellore E. Chiu, Pei-Lu Makuc, Diane M. Zhang, Guangyu Cohen, Alan J. TI Multiple imputation of missing income data in the National Health Interview Survey SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE health insurance; health status; missing data; poverty; public-use data; sequential regression multivariate imputation ID IMPUTED DATA AB The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) provides a rich source of data for studying relationships between income and health and for monitoring health and health care for persons at different income levels. However, the nonresponse rates are high for two key items, total family income in the previous calendar year and personal earnings from employment in the previous calendar year. To handle the missing data on family income and personal earnings in the NHIS, multiple imputation of these items, along with employment status and ratio of family income to the federal poverty threshold (derived from the imputed values of family income), has been performed for the survey years 1997-2004. (There are plans to continue this work for years beyond 2004 as well.) Files of the imputed values, as well as documentation, are available at the NHIS website (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis.htm). This article describes the approach used in the multiple-imputation project and evaluates the methods through analyses of the multiply imputed data. The analyses suggest that imputation corrects for biases that occur in estimates based on the data without imputation, and that multiple imputation results in gains in efficiency as well. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Michigan, Inst Social Res, Sch Publ Hlth & Res Prof, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48106 USA. RP Schenker, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM nschenker@cdc.gov; teraghu@umich.edu; pchiu@cdc.gov; dmakuc@cdc.gov; guangyuz@umich.edu; acohen@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 101 IS 475 BP 924 EP 933 DI 10.1198/016214505000001375 PG 10 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 079EQ UT WOS:000240158700006 ER PT J AU Vogt, TM Guerra, MA Flagg, EW Ksiazek, TG Lowther, SA Arguin, PM AF Vogt, Tara M. Guerra, Marta A. Flagg, Elaine W. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Lowther, Sara A. Arguin, Paul M. TI Risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus transmission aboard commercial aircraft SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SYNDROME SARS; IDENTIFICATION; EXPERIENCE AB Background. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) was introduced to the United States through air travel. Although the risk of SARS-CoV transmission within aircraft cabins has been addressed by several studies, the magnitude of the risk remains unclear. Methods. We attempted to contact all persons with working US telephone numbers aboard seven US-bound flights carrying SARS patients. Consenting participants responded to a questionnaire, and a serum sample was collected at least 38 days after the flight and tested for SARS-CoV-associated antibodies. Participants reporting an illness compatible with SARS, with onset during the 2- to 10-day incubation period, were considered suspect cases; positive serology was required for confirmed cases. Results. Among 1,766 passengers and crew, 339 (19%) persons were contacted. Of these, 312 (92%) completed questionnaires, and blood was collected from 127 (37%). Serology was negative for all 127 participants, including three of four who met the clinical case criteria for SARS, and the fourth had a mild illness that lasted only 5 days. Conclusions. Transmission of SARS-associated CoV was not observed, suggesting that the risk of transmission is not amplified aboard aircraft. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. McKing Consulting, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vogt, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tcv3@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 13 IS 5 BP 268 EP 272 DI 10.1111/j.1708-8305.2006.00048.x PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 085VM UT WOS:000240632500004 PM 16987125 ER PT J AU Sergeev, N Rubtcova, E Chizikov, V Schmid, DS Loparev, VN AF Sergeev, Nikolay Rubtcova, Elena Chizikov, Vladimir Schmid, D. Scott Loparev, Vladimir N. TI New mosaic subgenotype of varicella-zoster virus in the USA: VZV detection and genotyping by oligonucleotide-microarray SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE varicella-zoster virus; genotyping; microarray; oligonucleotide ID WILD-TYPE STRAINS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; THERMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS; HYBRIDIZATION PROBES; VACCINE STRAIN; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; DIFFERENTIATION; DISCRIMINATION AB A rapid and sensitive microarray-based method was used to distinguish the three major circulating genotypes of varicella-zoster virus (VZV). The method analyzes five variable positions located in a 447-nucleotide variable region I of open reading frame 22 (ORF 22r1); these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) display in stably occurring patterns specific to each of the VZV genotypes established in previously published studies. Pairs of short oligonucleotide probes (oligoprobes) with sequences corresponding to all of the observed SNP were used to detect specific sequences. Fluorescently labeled ssRNA samples for hybridization with a chip were prepared by in vitro T7 polymerase driven transcription of the amplicons of ORF 22r1, followed by chemical labeling with Cy5 into RNA sample. Ratios between fluorescent hybridization signals from each pair of oligoprobes were used to assess the sequence at each SNP. We evaluated six reference VZV strains and 130 VZV clinical specimens to validate the method. The microarray method accurately identified strains isolated in the US in 2001-2002, representing all major genotypes as determined using more extensive sequence analysis, correctly assigning strains to genotypes E (81.5%), J (3%) and M (15.5%). In addition, a new M variant (M3) was identified. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Measles & Herpesvirus Team,Natl VZV Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Off Sci & Technol, Div Life Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Vaccines Res & Review, Div Viral Prod, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. RP Schmid, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Measles & Herpesvirus Team,Natl VZV Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dss1@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 8 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.03.021 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 073IC UT WOS:000239735200002 PM 16675033 ER PT J AU Swan, DC Limor, JR Duncan, KL Rajeevan, MS Unger, ER AF Swan, David C. Limor, Josef R. Duncan, Kara L. Rajeevan, Mangalathu S. Unger, Elizabeth R. TI Human papillomavirus type 16 variant assignment by pyrosequencing SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HPV 16; variants; pyrosequencing; E6 ID SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; LONG CONTROL REGION; SEQUENCE VARIATION; PERSISTENT INFECTION; MOLECULAR VARIANTS; CERVICAL NEOPLASIA; E2 GENE; DNA; E6; POPULATIONS AB Polymorphisms in human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) result in variants from the prototype sequence which can be designated according to geographic distribution and are broadly classified as European (E), African (Af), Asian (As), or Asian-American (AA). Detection of variants has been used to distinguish persistent HPV16 infection from re-infection in natural history studies, and variants have been associated with an increased risk of cervical disease in some populations. Variant determination usually relies on conventional Sanger sequencing of regions of the viral genome, with the major variant group assignments requiring the sequencing of only seven polymorphic sites spread over a 242-bp region of the E6 gene. We applied pyrosequencing to facilitate rapid sequencing and enable the simultaneous detection of multiple variants. A single-stranded template for pyrosequencing was prepared by amplifying a 314-bp fragment (nt 75-388) with a biotin at the 5'-end of the reverse primer to facilitate strand separation and purification. Polymorphisms at the nucleotide sites 109, 131, 132, 143, 145, 178 and 350 were determined in three separate sequencing reactions, one of which was a multiplex format. Pyrosequencing of 97 HPV16-positive exfoliated cervical samples confirmed the Sanger sequencing results; however pyrosequencing identified additional variants in several samples containing mixed variants. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swan, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dswan@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 2006 VL 136 IS 1-2 BP 166 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2006.05.002 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 073IC UT WOS:000239735200022 PM 16784783 ER PT J AU Song, RJ Chenine, AL Rasmussen, RA Ruprecht, CR Mirshahidi, S Grisson, RD Xu, W Whitney, JB Goins, LM Ong, H Li, PL Shai-Kobiler, E Wang, T McCann, CM Zhang, H Wood, C Kankasa, C Secor, WE McClure, HM Strobert, E Else, JG Ruprecht, RM AF Song, R. J. Chenine, A. -L. Rasmussen, R. A. Ruprecht, C. R. Mirshahidi, S. Grisson, R. D. Xu, W. Whitney, J. B. Goins, L. M. Ong, H. Li, P. -L. Shai-Kobiler, E. Wang, T. McCann, C. M. Zhang, H. Wood, C. Kankasa, C. Secor, W. E. McClure, H. M. Strobert, E. Else, J. G. Ruprecht, R. M. TI Molecularly cloned SHIV-1157ipd3N4: a highly replication-competent, mucosally transmissible R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus encoding HIV clade C env SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; TYPE-1 SUBTYPE-C; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; PIG-TAILED MACAQUES; CD4(+) T-CELLS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; KAPPA-B; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ANTIBODY 2G12; IN-VIVO AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade C causes > 50% of all HIV infections worldwide, and an estimated 90% of all transmissions occur mucosally with R5 strains. A pathogenic R5 simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) encoding HIV clade C env is highly desirable to evaluate candidate AIDS vaccines in nonhuman primates. To this end, we generated SHIV-1157i, a molecular clone from a Zambian infant isolate that carries HIV clade C env. SHIV-1157i was adapted by serial passage in five monkeys, three of which developed peripheral CD4(+) T-cell depletion. After the first inoculated monkey developed AIDS at week 137 postinoculation, transfer of its infected blood to a naive animal induced memory T-cell depletion and thrombocytopenia within 3 months in the recipient. In parallel, genomic DNA from the blood donor was amplified to generate the late proviral clone SHIV-1157ipd3. To increase the replicative capacity of SHIV1157ipd3, an extra NF-kappa B binding site was engineered into its 3' long terminal repeat, giving rise to SHIV-1157ipd3N4. This virus was exclusively R5 tropic and replicated more potently in rhesus peripheral blood mononuclear cells than SHIV-1157ipd3 in the presence of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Rhesus macaques of Indian and Chinese origin were next inoculated intrarectally with SHIV-1157ipd3N4; this virus replicated vigorously in both sets of monkeys. We conclude that SHIV-1157ipd3N4 is a highly replication-competent, mucosally transmissible R5 SHIV that represents a valuable tool to test candidate AIDS vaccines targeting HIV-1 clade C Env. C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Virol, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Nebraska, Sch Biol Sci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. Univ Lusaka, Teaching Hosp, Lusaka, Zambia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ruprecht, RM (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, 44 Binney St,JFB809, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM ruth_ruprecht@dfci.harvard.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR015635, RR00165, RR15635, P51 RR000165]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI48240, R37 AI34266, P01 AI048240, R37 AI034266]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD39620, R01 HD039620]; NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE0160354, R01 DE12937, R01 DE012937] NR 59 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 80 IS 17 BP 8729 EP 8738 DI 10.1128/JVI.00558-06 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 076CL UT WOS:000239934500040 PM 16912320 ER PT J AU Deyde, VM Khristova, ML Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST AF Deyde, Varough M. Khristova, Marina L. Rollin, Pierre E. Ksiazek, Thomas G. Nichol, Stuart T. TI Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus genomics and global diversity SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RNA SEGMENT; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTED MOSQUITOS; GLYCOPROTEIN; REASSORTMENT; NAIROVIRUS; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; AFRICA; BIRDS AB Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe illness with high case fatality that occurs in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The complete genomes of 13 geographically and temporally diverse virus strains were determined, and CCHF viruses were found to be highly variable with 20 and 8%,31 and 27%, and 22 and 10% nucleotide and deduced amino acid differences detected among virus S (nucleocapsid), M (glycoprotein), and L (polymerase) genome segments, respectively. Distinct geographic lineages exist, but with multiple exceptions indicative of long-distance virus movement. Discrepancies among the virus S, M, and L phylogenetic tree topologies document multiple RNA segment reassortment events. An analysis of individual segment datasets suggests genetic recombination also occurs. For an arthropod-borne virus, the genomic plasticity of CCHF virus is surprisingly high. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Road,MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM che5@cdc.gov; stn1@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 111 Z9 124 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 80 IS 17 BP 8834 EP 8842 DI 10.1128/JVI.00752-06 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 076CL UT WOS:000239934500051 PM 16912331 ER PT J AU Calloway, C Jorgensen, CM Saraiya, M Tsui, J AF Calloway, Crystal Jorgensen, Cynthia M. Saraiya, Mona Tsui, Jennifer TI A content analysis of news coverage of the HPV vaccine by US newspapers, January 2002-June 2005 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CERVICAL-CANCER; PARTICLE VACCINE; YOUNG-WOMEN; EFFICACY AB Genital Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. Of the 100 HPV types, HPV type 16 and HPV type 18 have been demonstrated to cause cervical cancer. Two pharmaceutical manufacturers have developed and tested HPV vaccines and are applying to the FDA for licensure. This research describes the content of HPV vaccine information contained in news articles. The Lexis-Nexis database was used to identify 25 articles on HPV that were published in 285 U.S. newspapers from January 1, 2003 to June 17, 2005. The coding schema captured information about the news event and source, as well as HPV and cervical cancer, transmission, vaccine, potential impact of the vaccine, and its relationship to PAP tests. The content analysis revealed that the news coverage of HPV vaccine provides information on the experimental status and efficacy of the vaccine, explains link between HPV and cervical cancer, and reports the manufacturers by name, as well as relies on them for a news source. Detailed information about HPV, however, was frequently missing which could lead to an incomplete picture or lack of understanding of the complexity of HPV and cervical cancer. As a major source of medical information, the media can be particularly important in educating policy makers and the general public about new scientific advances. Public health officials may wish to collaborate with journalists, health educators, healthcare providers, and women's health advocates to ensure that future educational initiatives explain the complexity of the association of HPV and cervical cancer and to stress the importance of continued cervical cancer screening. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jorgensen, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-52, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cjorgensen@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 15 IS 7 BP 803 EP 809 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.803 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 101NB UT WOS:000241746400001 PM 16999634 ER PT J AU Williamson, DM AF Williamson, Dhelia M. TI Studies of multiple sclerosis in communities concerned about environmental exposures SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE AB Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that differentially affects women, people 30-60 years old, and Caucasians. Evidence indicates that it is a complex disease determined by both environmental factors and genetic susceptibility. People across the United States have expressed concern about perceived clusters of MS in their communities and the role of environmental exposures in the development of the disease. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has funded several studies to address this issue, including a cluster investigation, several prevalence studies, and a case-control study. The cluster investigation illustrated that there are few data regarding the number of individuals with MS in the United States. Prevalence studies were conducted in Ohio, Missouri, and Texas to address this deficiency. The results support a regional difference in MS prevalence, although the reason for this difference is unclear. The results also underscore the need for additional epidemiological information about the distribution of MS in other areas of the United States and information on the underlying etiology of the disease. A case-control study is currently being conducted to examine potential risk factors for MS, including the role of environmental exposures and genetic susceptibility. Future research on MS should focus on large-scale studies and include collaboration among researchers with varied fields of expertise, such as epidemiology, neurology, and genetics. C1 Agcy Tox Subst, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williamson, DM (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djw8@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 15 IS 7 BP 810 EP 814 DI 10.1089/jwh.2006.15.810 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 101NB UT WOS:000241746400002 PM 16999635 ER PT J AU Murphy, HW Miller, M Ramer, J Travis, D Barbiers, R Wolfe, ND Switzer, WM AF Murphy, Hayley Weston Miller, Michele Ramer, Jan Travis, Dominic Barbiers, Robyn Wolfe, Nathan D. Switzer, William M. TI Implications of simian retroviruses for captive primate population management and the occupational safety of primate handlers SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE nonhuman primates; occupational safety; simian retroviruses; zoonoses ID CELL LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS; AFRICAN NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; APE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; OLD-WORLD PRIMATES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FOAMY VIRUSES; NATURAL ANTIBODIES; LABORATORY WORKER; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SOOTY MANGABEYS AB Nonhuman primates can be naturally infected with a plethora of viruses with zoonotic potential, including retroviruses. These simian viruses present risks to both captive nonhuman primate populations and persons exposed to nonhuman primates. Simian retroviruses, including simian immunodeficiency virus, simian type D retrovirus, simian T-lymphotropic virus, and gibbon ape leukemia virus, have been shown to cause clinical disease in nonhuman primates. In contrast, simian foamy virus, a retrovirus that is highly prevalent in most nonhuman primates, has not been associated with clinical disease in naturally infected primates. Although it has been shown that human retrovirus infections with human T-lymphotropic virus and human immunodeficiency virus originated through multiple independent introductions of simian retroviruses into human populations that then spread globally, little is known about the frequency of such zoonotic events. In this article, exogenous simian retroviruses are reviewed as a concern for zoo and wildlife veterinarians, primate handlers, other persons in direct contact with nonhuman primates, and other nonhuman primates in a collection. The health implications for individual animals as well as managed populations in zoos and research institutions are discussed, the cross-species transmission and zoonotic disease potential of simian retroviruses are described, and suggestions for working safely with nonhuman primates are provided. C1 Zoo New England, Boston, MA 02121 USA. Disney Anim Programs, Dept Vet Serv, Lake Buena Vista, FL 32830 USA. Davee Ctr Vet Epidemiol, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Collect Dept, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Indianapolis Zoo, Indianapolis, IN 46222 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Murphy, HW (reprint author), Zoo New England, 1 Franklin Pk Rd, Boston, MA 02121 USA. OI Miller, Michele/0000-0002-5883-6076 NR 80 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS PI MEDIA PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA SN 1042-7260 J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 37 IS 3 BP 219 EP 233 DI 10.1638/05-110.1 PG 15 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 084XC UT WOS:000240566700001 PM 17319119 ER PT J AU Newton, PN Green, MD Fernandez, FM Day, NPJ White, NJ AF Newton, Paul N. Green, Michael D. Fernandez, Facundo M. Day, Nicholas P. J. White, Nicholas J. TI Counterfeit anti-infective drugs SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID DESORPTION ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUGS; DIETHYLENE GLYCOL; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; FAKE DRUGS; LAO PDR; AMBIENT CONDITIONS; SUBSTANDARD DRUGS AB The production of counterfeit or substandard anti-infective drugs is a widespread and under-recognised problem that contributes to morbidity, mortality, and drug resistance, and leads to spurious reporting of resistance and toxicity and loss of confidence in health-care systems. Counterfeit drugs particularly affect the most disadvantaged people in poor countries. Although advances in forensic chemical analysis and simple field tests will enhance drug quality monitoring, improved access to inexpensive genuine medicines, support of drug regulatory authorities, more open reporting, vigorous law enforcement, and more international cooperation with determined political leadership will be essential to counter this threat. C1 Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp Oxford Trop Med Res C, Microbiol Lab, Viangchan, Laos. Churchill Hosp, Ctr Clin Vaccinol & Tropl Med, Oxford OX3 7LJ, England. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Trop Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Newton, PN (reprint author), Mahosot Hosp, Wellcome Trust Mahosot Hosp Oxford Trop Med Res C, Microbiol Lab, Viangchan, Laos. EM paul@tropmedres.ac RI Fernandez, Facundo/B-7015-2008; White, Nicholas/I-4629-2012 FU Wellcome Trust NR 128 TC 165 Z9 166 U1 6 U2 31 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 6 IS 9 BP 602 EP 613 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70581-3 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 078JN UT WOS:000240099100025 PM 16931411 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Sansom, S AF Anderson, John E. Sansom, Stephanie TI HIV testing among US women during prenatal care: Findings from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HIV testing; prenatal care; preventing vertical transmission ID UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; KNOWLEDGE AB Objectives: To measure progress toward the US Public Health Service recommended goal that HIV screening be part of the routine battery of prenatal tests for all pregnant women, using data from a nationally-representative reproductive health survey. Methods: Data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) measure self-reported prenatal HIV testing for all women who had a completed pregnancy in the 12 months before inter-view. We estimated the percentage with a prenatal test for categories defined by major socio-economic groups, HIV risk, knowledge of HIV treatment, and access to health care. Results: Sixty-nine percent of 748 recently pregnant women reported receiving a prenatal HIV test. The percentage tested was significantly higher for women with incomes below 300% of the poverty level (76%) and women who reported some degree of HIV risk (82%), suggesting that prenatal care providers offer and encourage testing based on perceived risk, even though universal HIV screening is recommended. Testing was also higher among women with knowledge of interventions to prevent perinatal HIV transmission (74%), suggesting that more public information on these treatments might be helpful. Conclusions: A national estimate indicates that nearly one in 3 recently pregnant women reported they were not tested for HIV during prenatal care. Studies showing that prenatal testing for other infectious diseases can approach 100% suggest that a similar level of testing is attainable for perinatal HIV screening, particularly if it is incorporated into the routine package of prenatal tests and procedures offered to all pregnant women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jea1@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 4 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 BP 413 EP 417 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0120-0 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093EJ UT WOS:000241150300003 PM 16770699 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Rosenberg, D Handler, A Rankin, K Reynolds, MA AF Schieve, Laura A. Rosenberg, Deborah Handler, Arden Rankin, Kristin Reynolds, Meredith A. TI Validity of self-reported use of assisted reproductive technology treatment among women participating in the pregnancy risk assessment monitoring system in five states, 2000 SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE assisted reproductive technology; pregnancy; validity; survey ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; BIRTH; BORN AB Objectives: To assess the validity of a question on assisted reproductive technology (ART) incorporated into the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) in 2000. While the intent of the question is to ascertain whether the index infant was conceived using ART, the phrasing was ambiguous for women who had used ART while trying to conceive the index infant but became pregnant after discontinuing treatment. Methods: We compared weighted PRAMS estimates from five states that incorporated the ART question in 2000 with data from the U.S. ART Surveillance System (ART-SS) maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). U.S. medical practices are mandated to report data for every ART procedure to CDC annually; thus, the ART-SS is highly specific and complete. Results: ART use was reported for 156 of the PRAMS births in our study population, representing 4,571 (95% Confidence Limit, 3,452-5,690) births from the total birth cohort in the five states of interest in 2000. For the same maternal residency states and year, 1,768 births were reported to the ART-SS. Thus, we calculate that PRAMS overestimated ART use by 2,803 births. PRAMS estimated 2.59 times as many ART births as reported to the ARTSS. While for singletons, a large excess in estimated births from PRAMS was observed (ratio = 3.50), there was little difference between the PRAMS estimates and ART-SS for twin and triplet births. Conclusion: These findings suggest women responding to PRAMS may be reporting past ART use in addition to current. The findings by plurality support this hypothesis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lschieve@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 BP 427 EP 431 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0078-y PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093EJ UT WOS:000241150300005 PM 16721665 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Ebrahim, S Floyd, L Atrash, H AF Anderson, John E. Ebrahim, Shahul Floyd, Louise Atrash, Hani TI Prevalence of risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes during pregnancy and the preconception period - United States, 2002-2004 SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; riskfactors; preconception ID ADULTS AB Objectives: To assess the prevalence of risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome during the preconception stage and during pregnancy, and to assess differences between women in preconception and pregnancy. Methods: Data from the 2002 and 2004 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, were used to estimate the prevalence of selected risk factors among women 18-44 in the preconception period (women who wanted a baby in the next 12 months, and were not using contraception, not sterile and not already pregnant) with women who reported that they were pregnant at the time of interview. Results: Major health risks were reported by substantial proportions of women in the preconceptional period and were also reported by many pregnant women, although pregnant women tended to report lower levels of risk than preconception women. For example, 54.5% of preconception women reported one or more of 3 risk factors (frequent drinking, current smoking, and absence of an HIV test), compared with 32.0% of pregnant women (p < .05). The difference in the prevalence of these three risk factors between preconception and pregnancy was significant for women with health insurance (52.5% in preconception vs. 29.4% in pregnancy, p < .05), but not for women without insurance (63.4% vs. 52.7%, p > .05). Conclusions: Women appear to be responding to messages regarding behaviors that directly affect pregnancy such as smoking, alcohol consumption and taking folic acid, but many remain unaware of the benefits of available interventions to prevent HIV transmission and birth defects. Although it appears that some women reduce their risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes after learning of their pregnancy, the data suggest that a substantial proportion of women do not. Furthermore, if such change occurs it is often too late to affect outcomes, such as birth defects resulting from alcohol consumption during the periconception period. Preconception interventions are recommended to achieve a more significant reduction in risk and further improvement in perinatal outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilties, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, K-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jea1@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S101 EP S106 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0093-z PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200015 PM 16710762 ER PT J AU Atrash, HK Johnson, K Adams, M Cordero, JF Howse, J AF Atrash, Hani K. Johnson, Kay Adams, Myron (Mike) Cordero, Jose F. Howse, Jennifer TI Preconception care for improving perinatal outcomes: The time to act SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE women's health; preconception care; perinatal outcomes ID INFANT-MORTALITY-RATES; WOMENS HEALTH; GUIDELINES; MANAGEMENT; STATEMENT; EPILEPSY; INTERVENTIONS; PREVENTION; SERVICES; CENTERS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. RP Atrash, HK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hatrash@cdc.gov NR 89 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S3 EP S11 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0100-4 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200002 PM 16773452 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Parker, C Atrash, H AF Boulet, Sheree L. Parker, Christopher Atrash, Hani TI Preconception care in international settings SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE preconception care; reproductive health; international health ID NETHERLANDS; PREGNANCY; EXPERIENCE; HISTORY AB Objectives: This literature review briefly describes international programs, policies, and activities related to preconception care and resulting pregnancy outcomes. Methods: Electronic databases were searched and findings supplemented with secondary references cited in the original articles as well as textbook chapters, declarations, reports, and recommendations. Results: Forty-two articles, book chapters, declarations, and other published materials were reviewed. Policies, programs, and recommendations related to preconceptional health promotion exist worldwide and comprise a readily identifiable component of historic and modern initiatives pertaining to women's health, reproductive freedom, and child survival. Conclusions: The integration of preconception care services within a larger maternal and child health continuum of care is well aligned with a prevention-based approach to enhancing global health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sboulet@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S29 EP S35 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0091-1 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200005 PM 16710763 ER PT J AU Boulet, SL Johnson, K Parker, C Posner, SF Atrash, H AF Boulet, Sheree L. Johnson, Kay Parker, Christopher Posner, Samuel F. Atrash, Hani TI A perspective of preconception health activities in the United States SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE preconception care; reproductive health; pregnancy ID INFANT-MORTALITY-RATES; PERINATAL PERIODS; RISK AB Objectives: Information regarding the type and scope of preconception care programs in the United States is scant. We evaluated State Title V measurement and indicator data and abstracts presented at the National Summit on Preconception Care (June 2005) in order to identify existing programs and innovative strategies for preconception health promotion. Methods: We used the web-based Title V Information System to identify state Performance Measures and Priority Needs pertaining to preconception health as reported for the 2005-2010 Needs Assessment Cycle. We also present a detailed summary of the abstracts presented at the National Summit on Preconception Care. Results: A total of 23 states reported a Priority Need that focused on preconception health and health care. Forty-two states and jurisdictions identified a Performance Measure associated with preconception health or a related indicator (e.g., folic acid, birth spacing, family planning, unintended pregnancy, and healthy weight). Nearly 60 abstracts pertaining to preconception care were presented at the National Summit and included topics such as research, programs, patient or provider toolkits, clinical practice strategies, and public policy. Conclusions: Strategies for improving preconception health have been incorporated into numerous programs throughout the United States. Widespread recognition of the benefits of preconception health promotion is evidenced by the number of states identifying related indicators. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Hanover, NH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boulet, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sboulet@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S13 EP S20 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0106-y PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200003 PM 16775758 ER PT J AU Cragan, JD Friedman, JM Holmes, LB Uhl, K Green, NS Riley, L AF Cragan, Janet D. Friedman, J. M. Holmes, Lewis B. Uhl, Kathleen Green, Nancy S. Riley, Laura TI Ensuring the safe and effective use of medications during pregnancy: Planning and prevention through preconception care SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE preconception care; medications; pregnancy; anticonvulsants; asthma; isotretinoin ID SPINA-BIFIDA; WOMEN; GASTROSCHISIS; MALFORMATIONS; VALPROATE; CHILDREN; ASTHMA; RISK; PHARMACOKINETICS; TERATOGENICITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birht DDefects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada. MassGen Hosp Children, Genet & Teratol Unit, Boston, MA USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. March Dimes Birth Defects Fsn, White Plains, NY USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Cragan, JD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birht DDefects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jcragan@cdc.gov OI Green, Nancy/0000-0002-9877-1561 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S129 EP S135 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0102-2 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200018 PM 16850277 ER PT J AU Curtis, M Abelman, S Schulkin, J Williams, JL Fassett, EM AF Curtis, Michele Abelman, Steve Schulkin, Jay Williams, Jennifer L. Fassett, Elizabeth M. TI Do we practice what we preach? A review of actual clinical practice with regards to preconception care guidelines SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE preconception care; preconception counseling; preconception surveys; practice patterns; pregnancy outcomes; prepregnancy planning; prepregnancy surveys ID OBSTETRICIAN-GYNECOLOGISTS; HEALTH-PROMOTION; FOLIC-ACID; PREVENTION; PREGNANCY; KNOWLEDGE; DELIVERY; WOMEN; RISK AB Objectives: To review what past studies have found with regard to existing clinical practices and approaches to providing preconception care. Methods: A literature review between 1966 and September 2005 was performed using Medline. Key words included preconception care, preconception counseling, preconception surveys, practice patterns, pregnancy outcomes, prepregnancy planning, and prepregnancy surveys. Results: There are no current national recommendations that fully address preconception care; as a result, there is wide variability in what is provided clinically under the rubric of preconception care. Conclusions: In 2005, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsored a national summit regarding preconception care and efforts are underway to develop a uniform set of national recommendations and guidelines for preconception care. Understanding how preconception care is presently incorporated and manifested in current medical practices should help in the development of these national guidelines. Knowing where, how, and why some specific preconception recommendations have been successfully adopted and translated into clinical practice, as well as barriers to implementation of other recommendations or guidelines, is vitally important in developing an overarching set of national guidelines. Ultimately, the success of these recommendations rests on their ability to influence and shape women's health policy. C1 Univ Texas, Houston, TX 77030 USA. March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, White Plains, NY USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Dept Res, Washington, DC 20090 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Curtis, M (reprint author), Univ Texas, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S53 EP S58 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0112-0 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200008 PM 16897374 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH Lo, SST Zhuo, JT Han, JY Delvoye, P Zhu, L AF Ebrahim, Shahul H. Lo, Sue Seen-Tsing Zhuo, Jiatong Han, Jung-Yeol Delvoye, Pierre Zhu, Li TI Models of preconception care implementation in selected countries SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st National Summit on Preconception Care CY JUN 21, 2005 CL Atlanta, GA ID CHINA AB Globally, maternal and child health faces diverse challenges depending on the status of the development of the country. Some countries have introduced or explored preconception care for various reasons. Falling birth rates and increasing knowledge about risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes led to the introduction of preconception care in Hong Kong in 1998, and South Korea in 2004. In Hong Kong, comprehensive preconception care including laboratory tests are provided to over 4000 women each year at a cost of $75 per person. In Korea, about 60% of the women served have known medical risk history, and the challenge is to expand the program capacity to all women who plan pregnancy, and conducting social marketing. Belgium has established an ad hoc-committee to develop a comprehensive social marketing and professional training strategy for pilot testing preconception care models in the French speaking part of Belgium, an area that represents 5 million people and 50,000 births per year using prenatal care and pediatric clinics, gynecological departments, and the genetic centers. In China, Guangxi province piloted preconceptional HIV testing and counseling among couples who sought the then mandatory premarital medical examination as a component of the three-pronged approach to reduce mother to child transmission of HIV. HIV testing rates among couples increased from 38% to 62% over one year period. In October 2003, China changed the legal requirement of premarital medical examination from mandatory to "voluntary." This change was interpreted by most women that the premarital health examination was "unnecessary" and overall premarital health examination rates dropped. Social marketing efforts piloted in 2004 indicated that 95% of women were willing to pay up to RMB 100 (US$12) for preconception health care services. These case studies illustrate programmatic feasibility of preconception care services to address maternal and child health and other public health challenges in developed and emerging economies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Family Planning Assoc Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Guangxi Ctr Dis Control, Nanning, Peoples R China. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Free Univ Brussels, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbe2@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S37 EP S42 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0096-9 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200006 PM 16763771 ER PT J AU Floyd, RL Ebrahim, S Tsai, J O'Connor, M Sokol, R AF Floyd, R. Louise Ebrahim, Shahul Tsai, James O'Connor, Mary Sokol, Robert TI Strategies to reduce alcohol-exposed pregnancies SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE alcohol; pregnancy; preconception care ID RECOGNITION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Shc Med, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Ebrahim, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sebrahim@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S149 EP S151 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0116-9 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200022 PM 16865537 ER PT J AU Green-Raleigh, K Carter, H Mulinare, J Prue, C Petrini, J AF Green-Raleigh, Kathleen Carter, Heather Mulinare, Joseph Prue, Christine Petrini, Joann TI Trends in folic acid awareness and behavior in the United States: The Gallup Organization for the March of Dimes Foundation Surveys, 1995-2005 SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE multivitamin use; folic acid consumption; childbearing age women ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FORTIFICATION; PREVENTION AB Objective: To summarize changes in folic acid awareness, knowledge, and behavior among women of childbearing age in the United States since the U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS) 1992 folic acid recommendation and later fortification. Methods: Random-digit dialed telephone surveys were conducted of approximately 2000 women (per survey year) aged 18-45 years from 1995-2005 in the United States. Results: The percentage of women reporting having heard or read about folic acid steadily increased from 52% in 1995 to 84% in 2005. Of all women surveyed in 2005, 19% knew folic acid prevented birth defects, an increase from 4% in 1995. The proportion of women who reported learning about folic acid from health care providers increased from 13% in 1995 to 26% in 2005. The proportion of all women who reported taking a vitamin supplement containing folic acid increased slightly from 28% in 1995 to 33% in 2005. Among women who were not pregnant at the time of the survey in 2005, 31% reported taking a vitamin containing folic acid daily compared with 25% in 1995. Conclusions: The percentage of women taking folic acid daily has increased modestly since 1995. Despite this increase, the data show that the majority of women of childbearing age still do not take a vitamin containing folic acid daily. Health care providers and maternal child health professionals must continue to promote preconceptional health among all women of childbearing age, and encourage them to take a vitamin containing folic acid daily. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. RP Green-Raleigh, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd MS-E59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S177 EP S182 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0104-0 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200029 PM 16823638 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Sotnikov, SV Leatherman, S Curtis, M AF Grosse, Scott D. Sotnikov, Sergey V. Leatherman, Sheila Curtis, Michele TI The business case for preconception care: Methods and issues SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE economic evaluation; prenatal care; cost-benefit analysis; diabetes in pregnancy; birth defects ID PRENATAL-CARE; MANAGED CARE; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; DIABETES-MELLITUS; FINANCIAL IMPACT; PROGRAM; HEALTH; WOMEN; INVESTMENT AB Only a limited number of economic evaluations have addressed the costs and benefits of preconception care. In order to persuade health care providers, payers, or purchasers to become actively involved in promoting preconception care, it is important to demonstrate the value of doing so through development of a "business case". Perceived benefits in terms of organizational reputation and market share can be influential in forming a business case. In addition, it is standard to include an economic analysis of financial costs and benefits from the perspective of the provider practice, payer, or purchaser in a business case. The methods, data needs, and other issues involved with preparing an economic analysis of the likely financial return on investment in preconception care are presented here. This is accompanied by a review or case study of economic evaluations of preconception care for women with recognized diabetes. Although the data are not sufficient to draw firm conclusions, there are indications that such care may yield positive financial benefits to health care organizations through reduction in maternal and infant hospitalizations. More work is needed to establish how costs and economic benefits are distributed among different types of organizations. Also, the optimum methods of delivering preconception care for women with diabetes need to be evaluated. Similar assessments should also be conducted for other forms of preconception care, including comprehensive care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Marketing, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S93 EP S99 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0101-3 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200014 PM 16786418 ER PT J AU Lampe, MA AF Lampe, Margaret A. TI Human immunodeficiency virus-1 and preconception care SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE HIV; pregnancy; preconception care; perinatal ID TYPE-1 TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; REDUCTION; HIV C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Mother Child Transmiss Tram, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lampe, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Mother Child Transmiss Tram, Atlanta, GA USA. EM MLampe@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S193 EP S195 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0131-x PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200032 PM 16832609 ER PT J AU Owens, MD Kieffer, EC Chowdhury, FM AF Owens, Michelle D. Kieffer, Edith C. Chowdhury, Farah M. TI Preconception care and women with or at risk for diabetes: Implications for community intervention SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE preconception care; women; diabetes ID PRE-CONCEPTION CARE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LATINO WOMEN; INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENT; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; HEALTH WORKERS; MELLITUS; PROGRAM; MODEL; PREVALENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Social Work, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Owens, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MSK-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mowens1@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S137 EP S141 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0098-7 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200019 PM 16816997 ER PT J AU Posner, SF Johnson, K Parker, C Atrash, H Biermann, J AF Posner, Samuel F. Johnson, Kay Parker, Christopher Atrash, Hani Biermann, Janis TI The national summit on preconception care: A summary of concepts and recommendations SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE preconception care; maternal health; health behavior; research and surviellance; access to care ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; WOMENS HEALTH-CARE; PREVENTION; MODEL AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and 35 partner organizations have engaged in developing an agenda for Preconception Health. A summit was held in June 2005 to discuss the current state of knowledge regarding preconception care and convene a select panel to develop recommendations and action steps for improving the health of women, children, and families through advances in clinical care, public health, and community action. A Select Panel on Preconception Care, convened by CDC, deliberated critical related issues and created refined definition of preconception care. The panel also developed a strategic plan with goals, recommendations, and action steps for improving preconception health. The recommendations and action steps are specific to the implementation of health behavior, access, consumer demand, research, and surveillance activities for monitoring and improving the health of women, children and families. The outcome of the deliberations is the CDC publication of detailed recommendations and action steps in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report series, Recommendations and Reports. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. March Dimes, White Plains, NY 10605 USA. RP Posner, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway MS K-20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Sposner@cdc.gov OI Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 16 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S197 EP S205 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0107-x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200033 PM 16773451 ER PT J AU Prue, CE Daniel, KL AF Prue, Christine E. Daniel, Katherine Lyon TI Social marketing: Planning before conceiving preconception care SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE social marketing; health communication; preconception care; preconception health; behavior theories ID PROSPECTIVE PARENTS; HEALTH-PROMOTION; WELLNESS; PROVIDER; MODEL AB Social marketing approaches can help to shape the formation of and to create demand for preconception care services. This article describes four components of social marketing, often referred to as the 4 P's, that should be carefully researched and set in place before a national effort to launch and sustain preconception care services is pursued. First, the product or package of services must be defined and adapted using the latest in scientific and health care standards and must be based on consumer needs and desires. Second, the pricing of the services in financial or opportunity costs must be acceptable to the consumer, insurers, and health care service providers. Third, the promotion of benefits must be carefully crafted to reach and appeal to both consumers and providers. Fourth, the placement and availability of services in the marketplace must be researched and planned. With the application of market research practices that incorporate health behavior theories in their exploration of each component, consumer demand for preconception care can be generated, and providers can take preconception care to the market with confidence. C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilites, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Prue, CE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilites, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cprue@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S79 EP S84 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0105-z PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200012 PM 16755400 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, AC Melvin, CL Barker, DC AF Rosenthal, Abby C. Melvin, Cathy L. Barker, Dianne C. TI Treatment of tobacco use in preconception care SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE smoking; pregnancy; preconception care ID INTERVENTIONS C1 Univ N Carolina, Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Barker Bi Coastal Hlth Consultants, Calabasas, CA 91302 USA. RP Melvin, CL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, 725 MLK Jr Blvd CB 7590, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM als7@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S147 EP S148 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0117-8 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200021 PM 16897373 ER PT J AU Ross, DS Jones, JL Lynch, MF AF Ross, Danielle S. Jones, Jeffery L. Lynch, Michael F. TI Toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, listeriosis, and preconception care SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE preconception care; cytomegalovirus; toxoplasmosis; listeria; listeriosis; infection ID TO-MOTHER TRANSMISSION; CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; UNITED-STATES; PRENATAL TREATMENT; GONDII INFECTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PREVENTION; PREGNANCY; RISK; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ross, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MailStop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dross3@cdc.gov; JLJones@cdc.gov; MLynch1@cdc.gov NR 65 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S187 EP S191 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0092-0 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200031 PM 16752091 ER PT J AU Shapira, SK Dolan, S AF Shapira, Stuart K. Dolan, Siobhan TI Genetic risks to the mother and the infant: Assessment, counseling, and management SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE prenatal genetic risks; family history assessment; advanced maternal age; advanced paternal age; preconception genetic counseling; pregnancy risks from genetic conditions ID MATERNAL PHENYLKETONURIA; CARE; BIRTHS C1 NCBDDD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. March Dimes, New York, NY USA. RP Shapira, SK (reprint author), NCBDDD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cso6@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S143 EP S146 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0099-6 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200020 PM 16786416 ER PT J AU Thierry, JM AF Thierry, JoAnn M. TI The importance of preconception care for women with disabilities SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE disability; pregnancy; women's health C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thierry, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-88, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jxt4@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S175 EP S176 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0111-1 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200028 PM 16850276 ER PT J AU Williams, JL Abelman, SM Fassett, EM Stone, CE Petrini, JR Damus, K Mulinare, J AF Williams, Jennifer L. Abelman, Stephen M. Fassett, Elizabeth M. Stone, Cheryl E. Petrini, Joann R. Damus, Karla Mulinare, Joseph TI Health care provider knowledge and practices regarding folic acid, United States, 2002-2003 SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE health care provider; folic acid; knowledge; behavior ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PHYSICIANS HEALTH; PREVENTION; FORTIFICATION; PREGNANCY AB Objective: To assess health care providers (HCP) knowledge and practices regarding folic acid (FA) use for neural tube defect (NTD) prevention. Methods: Two identical surveys were conducted among 611 obstetricians/gynecologists (OB/GYNs) and family/general physicians (FAM/GENs) (2002), and 500 physician assistants (PAs), nurse practitioners (NPs), certified nurse midwives (CNMs), and registered nurses (2003) to ascertain knowledge and practices regarding FA. For analysis, T-tests, univariate and multivariate logistic regression modeling were used. Results: Universally, providers knew that FA prevents birth defects. Over 88% knew when a woman should start taking folic acid for the prevention of NTDs; and over 85% knew FA supplementation beyond what is available in the diet is necessary. However, only half knew that 50% of all pregnancies in the United States are unplanned. Women heard information about multivitamins or FA most often during well woman visits in obstetrical/gynecology (ob/gyn) practice settings (65%), and about 50% of the time during well woman visits in family/general (fam/gen) practice settings and 50% of the time at gynecology visits (both settings). Among all providers, 42% did not know the correct FA dosage (400 mu g daily). HCPs taking multivitamins were more than twice as likely to recommend multivitamins to their patients (Odds Ratio [OR] 2.27 95%, Confidence Interval [CI] 1.75-2.94). HCPs with lower income clients (OR 1.49, CI 1.22-1.81) and HCPs with practices having more than 10% minorities (OR 1.46, CI 1.11-1.92) were more likely to recommend supplements. NPs in ob/gyn settings were most likely and FAM/GENs were least likely to recommend supplements (OR 3.06, CL 1.36-6.90 and OR 0.64, CL 0.45-0.90 respectively). Conclusions: Knowledge about birth defects and the necessity of supplemental FA was high. Increasing knowledge about unintended pregnancy rates and correct dosages of FA is needed. The strongest predictor for recommending the use of FA supplements was whether the provider took a multivitamin. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. March Dimes, New York, NY USA. Rynne Marketing, Evanston, IL USA. RP Williams, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS E 86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jwilliams2@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 10 IS 5 SU S BP S67 EP S72 DI 10.1007/s10995-006-0088-9 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 093KM UT WOS:000241167200010 PM 16721664 ER PT J AU Decker, FH AF Decker, Frederic H. TI Nursing staff and the outcomes of nursing home stays SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE nursing homes; nursing staff; discharge status; outcomes ID QUALITY-OF-CARE; LIFE CARE; RESIDENTS; FACILITY; HOSPITALIZATION; DETERMINANTS; DEFICIENCIES; ADMISSIONS; ETHNICITY; RATES AB Background: Findings on the relationship between nurse staffing and nursing home outcomes (eg, dying vs. discharges to the community) have been inconsistent. Although some studies show outcomes related to staffing ratios, others do not. Subjects in studies showing staffing effects may have been primarily short-stay residents and longer stays in studies showing no staffing effects. Outcomes affected by staffing may vary by short and longer stays. Objective: The effect of staffing by duration of stay has not been studied explicitly. The purpose of this study was to discern whether the effect of nursing staffing on discharge status varies between short and longer stays. Method: Data on discharges came from the 1999 National Nursing Home Survey (n = 6386). Models were constructed for short and longer stays applying multinomial logistic regression. Results: For stays less than 60 days, but not among longer stays, the probability of leaving the nursing home in recovered or stabilized condition increased, and that of dying decreased, with an increasing staffing ratio for registered nurses. Clinical condition was the major factor differentiating discharge status among short and longer stays. Conclusion: Results indicate a likely reason for past inconsistent findings on staffing. Staffing ratios may affect discharge disposition more among short stays. Some discharge dispositions, such as death, may not be the most relevant outcomes to study to discern how staffing affects the care provided to longer-stay residents. More research is warranted on how the sensitivity of outcomes to staffing ratios varies across short- and longer-stay residents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Decker, FH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3435, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM FDecker@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 9 BP 812 EP 821 DI 10.1097/01.mlr.0000218832.24637.2e PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 080PV UT WOS:000240260900003 PM 16932132 ER PT J AU Savio, J Muralidharan, S Macaden, RS D'Souza, G Mysore, S Ramachandran, P Garg, I Rout, P Hemashettar, BM Padhye, AA AF Savio, Jayanthi Muralidharan, S. Macaden, R. S. D'Souza, G. Mysore, S. Ramachandran, P. Garg, I. Rout, P. Hemashettar, B. M. Padhye, A. A. TI Blastomycosis in a South Indian patient after visiting an endemic area in USA SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blastomycosis in India; Blastomyces dermatitidis ID HARDWICKEI-HARDWICKEI GRAY; MOLD-YEAST CONVERSION; 1ST REPORT; DERMATITIDIS; WISCONSIN; SOIL AB We describe a case of blastomycosis in a diabetic patient from South India who had visited Milwaukee, Wisconsin, an endemic area for blastomycosis in the USA. After his return to Bangalore, India, the patient developed intermittent fever of moderate to high grade, cough, loss of weight and appetite, and abscesses in the left cubital fossa and thigh regions. Systemic examination at our hospital revealed that he had dullness to percussion over the chest region and decreased breath sounds. Direct examination of Gram-stained smears of the pus from an abscess showed many broad-based budding yeast cells and culture yielded a dimorphic fungus later identified as Blastomyces dermatitidis. Histologic examination of the curettage tissue slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid Schiff's reagent, and Gomori's methenamine silver stain procedures showed many broad-based budding cells characteristic of B. dermatitidis. The patient was successfully treated, initially with amphotericin B, followed by oral itraconazole for a period of 6 months. Blastomycosis cases in India are reviewed and the likely source of infection in this patient is discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycotic Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Basaveshwar Med Coll, Dept Microbiol, Chitradurga, India. St Johns Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. St Johns Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Chest Med, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. St Johns Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Pathol, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycotic Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bldg 17,Room 2027,Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aap1@cdc.gov RI khan, raja/B-5726-2012; pasuvalingam, visha/B-5717-2012 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 IS 6 BP 523 EP 529 DI 10.1080/13693780500406865 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 083YG UT WOS:000240494600005 PM 16966169 ER PT J AU Green, BJ Tovey, ER Sercombe, JK Blachere, FM Beezhold, DH Schmechel, D AF Green, Brett J. Tovey, Euan R. Sercombe, Jason K. Blachere, Francoise M. Beezhold, Donald H. Schmechel, Detlef TI Airborne fungal fragments and allergenicity SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Advances against Aspergillosis Conference CY FEB 22-25, 2006 CL Athens, GREECE DE allergen; conidia; fungi; hyphae; immunoassay; mold ID DOUBLE-IMMUNOSTAINING TECHNIQUE; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS; GRASS-POLLEN; INDOOR AIR; PENICILLIUM-CHRYSOGENUM; ALTERNARIA ALLERGENS; HYPHAL VACUOLATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; RHINITIS SYMPTOMS; NATURAL EXPOSURE AB Exposure to fungi, particularly in water damaged indoor environments, has been thought to exacerbate a number of adverse health effects, ranging from subjective symptoms such as fatigue, cognitive difficulties or memory loss to more definable diseases such as allergy, asthma and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Understanding the role of fungal exposure in these environments has been limited by methodological difficulties in enumerating and identifying various fungal components in environmental samples. Consequently, data on personal exposure and sensitization to fungal allergens are mainly based on the assessment of a few select and easily identifiable species. The contribution of other airborne spores, hyphae and fungal fragments to exposure and allergic sensitization are poorly characterized. There is increased interest in the role of aerosolized fungal fragments following reports that the combination of hyphal fragments and spore counts improved the association with asthma severity. These fragments are particles derived from any intracellular or extracellular fungal structure and are categorized as either submicron particles or larger fungal fragments. In vitro studies have shown that submicron particles of several fungal species are aerosolized in much higher concentrations (300-500 times) than spores, and that respiratory deposition models suggest that such fragments of Stachybotrys chartarum may be deposited in 230-250 fold higher numbers than spores. The practical implications of these models are yet to be clarified for human exposure assessments and clinical disease. We have developed innovative immunodetection techniques to determine the extent to which larger fungal fragments, including hyphae and fractured conidia, function as aeroallergen sources. These techniques were based on the Halogen Immunoassay (HIA), an immunostaining technique that detects antigens associated with individual airborne particles > 1 mu m, with human serum immunoglobulin E (IgE). Our studies demonstrated that the numbers of total airborne hyphae were often significantly higher in concentration than conidia of individual allergenic genera. Approximately 25% of all hyphal fragments expressed detectable allergen and the resultant localization of IgE immunostaining was heterogeneous among the hyphae. Furthermore, conidia of ten genera that were previously uncharacterized could be identified as sources of allergens. These findings highlight the contribution of larger fungal fragments as aeroallergen sources and present a new paradigm of fungal exposure. Direct evidence of the associations between fungal fragments and building-related disease is lacking and in order to gain a better understanding, it will be necessary to develop diagnostic reagents and detection methods, particularly for submicron particles. Assays using monoclonal antibodies enable the measurement of individual antigens but interpretation can be confounded by cross-reactivity between fungal species. The recent development of species-specific monoclonal antibodies, used in combination with a fluorescent-confocal HIA technique should, for the first time, enable the speciation of morphologically indiscernible fungal fragments. The application of this novel method will help to characterize the contribution of fungal fragments to adverse health effects due to fungi and provide patient-specific exposure and sensitization profiles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effets Lab Div, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Green, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effets Lab Div, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 4020, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM Brett.Green@cdc.hhs.gov NR 82 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 44 SU 1 BP S245 EP S255 DI 10.1080/13693780600776308 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 113MG UT WOS:000242601400037 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, BE Macera, CA Jones, DA Reis, JP Addy, CL Bowles, HR Kohl, HW AF Ainsworth, Barbara E. Macera, Caroline A. Jones, Deborah A. Reis, Jared P. Addy, Cheryl L. Bowles, Heather R. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Comparison of the 2001 BRFSS and the IPAQ physical activity questionnaires SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; surveillance; epidemiology; measurement; public health ID EUROPEAN-UNION; PREVALENCE; SAMPLE; ADULTS; HEALTH AB Purpose: The 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) physical activity module and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) are used in population studies to determine the prevalence of physical activity. The comparability of the prevalence estimates has not been compared in U.S. adults. This study compares the physical activity prevalence estimates from the BRFSS and the IPAQ. Methods: A telephone survey was administered to a random sample of 11,211 U.S. adults aged 18-99 yr who were enrolled in the National Physical Activity and Weight Loss Survey. Data were analyzed from 9945 adults who provided complete data on the BRFSS and the IPAQ. Prevalence estimates were computed (1) applying the BRFSS scoring scheme for both questionnaires (2). Kappa statistics were used to compare prevalence estimates generated from the BRFSS and the IPAQ. Results: When scored using the BRFSS protocol, agreement between physical activity categories was fair (kappa = 0.34-0.49). Prevalence estimates were higher on the IPAQ than the BRFSS for the lowest category (inactive) by 0.1-3.9% and for the highest category (meets recommendations) by 0.2-9.7%. When scored using their own scoring, agreement between physical activity categories was lower (kappa = 0.26-0.39). The prevalence estimates on the IPAQ were higher than on the BRFSS for the lowest physical activity category by 0.2-13.3% and for the highest physical activity category by 0-16.4%. Differences in physical activity categories were observed for sex, age, income, education, and body mass index on both questionnaires. Conclusion: Because of differences in the physical activity prevalence estimates, direct comparison of the BRFSS and IPAQ prevalence estimates is not recommended. C1 San Diego State Univ, Coll Profess Studies & Fine Arts, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Sydney, Nes S Wales Ctr Phys Act & Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. RP Ainsworth, BE (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Dept Exercise & Wellness, 7350 E Unity Ave, Mesa, AZ 85212 USA. EM bainswor@mail.sdsu.edu FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU409664] NR 24 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 13 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1584 EP 1592 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000229457.73333.9a PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 083BE UT WOS:000240430100008 PM 16960519 ER PT J AU Pfahler, JM Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW Lanzer, M AF Pfahler, Judith M. Galinski, Mary R. Barnwell, John W. Lanzer, Michael TI Transient transfection of Plasmodium vivax blood stage parasites SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; P. vivax; tansfection; luciferase activity ID MALARIA PARASITES; FALCIPARUM; TRANSFORMATION; CONSTRUCTS; RESISTANCE; INVASION; BURDEN; GENOME C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Klinikum Heidelberg, Inst Hyg, Abt Parasitol, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Barnwell, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wzb3@CDC.GOV; Michael_lanzer@med.uni-heidelberg.de FU NIAID NIH HHS [5 RO1 AI024710-18, AI-0438-05]; PHS HHS [C100-042-05] NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 149 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.03.018 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 071BI UT WOS:000239571600011 PM 16716418 ER PT J AU Priest, JW Mehlert, A Moss, DM Arrowood, MJ Ferguson, MAJ AF Priest, Jeffrey W. Mehlert, Angela Moss, Delynn M. Arrowood, Michael J. Ferguson, Michael A. J. TI Characterization of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of the immunodominant Cryptosporidium parvum 17-kDa antigen SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor; glycosylinositol phospholipid ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS; ANTIBODIES; RESPONSES; GPI; MALARIA; CARBOHYDRATE; ASSOCIATION; ACTIVATION; RECEPTORS; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Dundee, Div Biol Chem & Mol Microbiol, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland. RP Priest, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jpriest@cdc.gov RI Ferguson, Michael/F-7829-2010; OI Ferguson, Michael/0000-0003-1321-8714 FU Wellcome Trust [071463] NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 EI 1872-9428 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 149 IS 1 BP 108 EP 112 DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2006.04.006 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 071BI UT WOS:000239571600013 PM 16759714 ER PT J AU Bell, D Wongsrichanalai, C Barnwell, JW AF Bell, David Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda Barnwell, John W. TI Ensuring quality and access for malaria diagnosis: how can it be achieved? SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEIN-2; CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITIONS; ANTIGEN-CAPTURE ASSAY; HOME-BASED MANAGEMENT; PARASIGHT-F TEST; EXPERT MICROSCOPY; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; HEALTH-SERVICES; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TESTS AB The replacement of conventional antimalarial drugs with high-cost, artemisinin-based alternatives has created a gap in the successful management of malaria. This gap reflects an increased need for accurate disease diagnosis that cannot be met by traditional microscopy techniques. The recent introduction of rapid diagnostic tests ( RDTs) has the potential to meet this need, but successful RDT implementation has been curtailed by poor product performance, inadequate methods to determine the quality of products and a lack of emphasis and capacity to deal with these issues. Economics and a desire for improved case management will result in the rapid growth of RDT use in the coming years. However, for their potential to be realized, it is crucial that high-quality RDT products that perform reliably and accurately under field conditions are made available. In achieving this goal, the shift from symptom-based diagnosis to parasite-based management of malaria can bring significant improvements to tropical fever management, rather than represent a further burden on poor, malaria-endemic populations and their overstretched health services. C1 WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. USN, Med Res Unit 2, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bell, D (reprint author), WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, POB 2932, Manila, Philippines. EM belld@wpro.who.int NR 151 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 21 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 4 IS 9 BP 682 EP 695 DI 10.1038/nrmicro1474 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 075IJ UT WOS:000239877900013 PM 16912713 ER PT J AU Bell, D Wongsrichanalai, C Barnwell, JW AF Bell, David Wongsrichanalai, Chansuda Barnwell, John W. TI Ensuring quality and access for malaria diagnosis: how can it be achieved? SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HISTIDINE-RICH PROTEIN-2; CLINICAL CASE-DEFINITIONS; ANTIGEN-CAPTURE ASSAY; HOME-BASED MANAGEMENT; PARASIGHT-F TEST; EXPERT MICROSCOPY; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; HEALTH-SERVICES; IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHIC TESTS AB The replacement of conventional antimalarial drugs with high-cost, artemisinin-based alternatives has created a gap in the successful management of malaria. This gap reflects an increased need for accurate disease diagnosis that cannot be met by traditional microscopy techniques. The recent introduction of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) has the potential to meet this need, but successful RDT implementation has been curtailed by poor product performance, inadequate methods to determine the quality of products and a lack of emphasis and capacity to deal with these issues. Economics and a desire for improved case management will result in the rapid growth of RDT use in the coming years. However, for their potential to be realized, it is crucial that high-quality RDT products that perform reliably and accurately under field conditions are made available. In achieving this goal, the shift from symptom-based diagnosis to parasite-based management of malaria can bring significant improvements to tropical fever management, rather than represent a further burden on poor, malaria-endemic populations and their overstretched health services. C1 WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Malaria & Other Vectorborne & Parasit Dis, Manila, Philippines. Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. USN, Med Res Unit, Jakarta, Indonesia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bell, D (reprint author), WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Malaria & Other Vectorborne & Parasit Dis, POB 2932, Manila, Philippines. EM belld@wpro.who.int NR 150 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1740-1526 J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2006 SU S BP S7 EP S20 DI 10.1038/nrmico1525 PG 14 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 085RS UT WOS:000240622700003 PM 17003770 ER PT J AU Williamson, DM AF Williamson, D. M. TI Studies of autoimmune and neurological diseases in communities concerned about environmental exposures. SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 22nd International Neurotoxicology Conference CY SEP 11-14, 2005 CL Res Triangle Park, NC SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, USA Med Res & Mat Command, USA Res Inst Environm Med, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Fdn Hlth & Environm Effect, Aurism Soc Amer, CDC/Natl Ctr Environm Hlth & ATSDR, BUG/NIEHS Superfund Basic Res Program, NIH/Natl Inst Neurol Disorder & Stroke, March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Manganese Hlth Res Program, Elsevier Sci, Elect Power Res Inst, US Tuna Fdn, Amer Chem Council, Polychlorinated Biphenyls Panel, Ctr Toxicol & Environm Hlth, Charles River DDS, Argus Div, NIH/Natl Inst Child Hlth & Human Dev, Soc Toxicol, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, FDA/Natl Ctr Toxicol Res C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD SEP PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 SI SI BP 903 EP 903 PG 1 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 082SZ UT WOS:000240408800093 ER PT J AU Wang, LY Yang, QH Lowry, R Wechsler, H AF Wang, Li Yan Yang, Quanhe Lowry, Richard Wechsler, Howell TI Counterpoint - Uncertainty in the economic analysis of school-based obesity prevention programs: urgent need for quality evaluation SO OBESITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wang, LY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lgw0@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBESITY JI Obesity PD SEP PY 2006 VL 14 IS 9 BP 1483 EP 1484 DI 10.1038/oby.2006.170 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 097QG UT WOS:000241462500003 PM 17030957 ER PT J AU Kelley, GO Adkison, MA Zagmuff-Vergara, FJ Leutenegger, CM Bethel, JW Myklebust, KA McDowell, TS Hedrick, RP AF Kelley, Garry O. Adkison, Mark A. Zagmuff-Vergara, Francisco J. Leutenegger, Christian M. Bethel, Jeffery W. Myklebust, Karin A. McDowell, Terry S. Hedrick, Ronald P. TI Evaluation of quantitative real-time PCR for rapid assessments of the exposure of sentinel fish to Myxobolus cerebralis SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; RAINBOW-TROUT; WHIRLING DISEASE; MYXOSOMA-CEREBRALIS; WILD TROUT; TUBIFEX-TUBIFEX; SALMONIDS; COLORADO; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Pathogen-free rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) aged 735 degree days were experimentally exposed to a low dose of infectious Myxobolus cerebralis (20 triactinomyxons fish(-1)). Three time periods were chosen for sampling that included 10 days (d), 67 d, and 5 months (mo) post exposure. Five diagnostic assays were used: (1) conventional single-round polymerase chain reaction (PCR), (2) nested PCR, (3) real-time TaqMan PCR, (4) pepsin-trypsin digest, and (5) histopathology. M. cerebralis was detected among individual rainbow trout by all of the PCR diagnostic tests employed at each of the three sampling time points. This result demonstrates that any of these three diagnostic approaches are capable of detecting the parasite from infected fish tissues under the conditions tested. Real-time PCR provided good biological evidence that parasite replication increases temporally as shown by quantification values that were significantly different (P < 0.0001) at 10 d as compared to 67 d and 5 mo postexposure. Although sampling at 10 d by real-time PCR may be too early to accurately predict quantities of the parasite that will be present at 5 mo, it does forecast the proportions of fish that are likely to be infected at 67 d and 5 mo postparasite exposure. Real-time PCR could potentially be used as a quantitative diagnostic PCR tool to predict parasite load and outcome of M. cerebralis infection. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif Dept Fish & Game, Fish Hlth Lab, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Anim Populat Hlth Inst, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Lucy Whittier Mol & Diagnost Core Facil, Davis, CA 95616 USA. CDC, Quarantine & Border Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92138 USA. RP Kelley, GO (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM gokelley@ucdavis.edu NR 33 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 328 EP 335 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0166-3 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 084SQ UT WOS:000240555100006 PM 16555100 ER PT J AU Trotz-Williams, LA Martin, DS Gatei, W Cama, V Peregrine, AS Martin, SW Nydam, DV Jamieson, F Xiao, L AF Trotz-Williams, L. A. Martin, D. S. Gatei, W. Cama, V. Peregrine, A. S. Martin, S. W. Nydam, D. V. Jamieson, F. Xiao, L. TI Genotype and subtype analyses of Cryptosporidium isolates from dairy calves and humans in Ontario SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID WALL PROTEIN GENE; BOVINE CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; SPORADIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; PARVUM; PREVALENCE; HOMINIS; GIARDIA; CATTLE; INFECTIONS AB To assess the importance of dairy cattle as a source of human Cryptosporidium infections in Ontario, Canada, 44 Cryptosporidium isolates from neonatal dairy calves and 11 from sporadic human cases of cryptosporidiosis in the province were genotyped by PCR-RFLP analyses of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) and 18S rRNA genes. Isolates were also subtyped by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (GP60) gene. All bovine isolates successfully subtyped belonged to Cryptosporidium parvum subtype family (allele) IIa. Seven subtypes of this family were identified among the bovine isolates. Four human isolates were Cryptosporidium hominis, of alleles Ia, Id, and Ie. Of the remaining seven human specimens, four were C. parvum allele IIa, two were C parvum of an undetermined subtype, and one was identified as Cryptosporidium cervine genotype. Three of the C. parvum isolates from humans were the same subtypes as isolates from the calves. These findings suggest that cattle and other ruminants may be a source of sporadic human infections in Ontario. This is the first published description of Cryptosporidium genotypes and subtypes in Ontario, and is the second published report of human infection with Cryptosporidium cervine genotype. C1 Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Ontario Minist Hlth & Long Term Care, Labs Branch, Toronto, ON M9P 3T1, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Pathobiol, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Trotz-Williams, LA (reprint author), Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. EM Itrotzwi@uoguelph.ca RI Jamieson, Frances/B-2040-2013; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 41 TC 101 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 4 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0157-4 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 084SQ UT WOS:000240555100009 PM 16565813 ER PT J AU Ray, P Hayward, J Michelson, D Lewis, E Schwalbe, J Black, S Shinefield, H Marcy, M Huff, K Ward, J Mullooly, J Chen, R Davis, R AF Ray, Paula Hayward, Jean Michelson, David Lewis, Edwin Schwalbe, Joan Black, Steve Shinefield, Henry Marcy, Michael Huff, Ken Ward, Joel Mullooly, John Chen, Robert Davis, Robert CA Vaccine Safety Datalink TI Encephalopathy after whole-cell pertussis or measles vaccination - Lack of evidence for a causal association in a retrospective case-control study SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE encephalopathy; vaccine; MMR; DTP ID DTP DTAP VACCINE; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY TRIAL; ADVERSE EVENTS; WHOOPING-COUGH; IMMUNIZATION; GERMANY; INFANTS; CHILDREN AB Background: Whole-cell pertussis (wP) and measles vaccines are effective in preventing disease but have also been suspected of increasing the risk of encephalopathy or encephalitis. Although many countries now use acellular pertussis vaccines, wP vaccine is still widely used in the developing world. It is therefore important to evaluate whether wP vaccine increases the risk of neurologic disorders. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed at 4 health maintenance organizations. Records from January 1, 1981, through December 31, 1995, were examined to identify children aged 0 to 6 years old hospitalized with encephalopathy or related conditions. The cause of the encephalopathy was categorized as known, unknown or suspected but unconfirmed. Up to 3 controls were matched to each case. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the relative risk of encephalopathy after vaccination with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) or measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccines in the 90 days before disease onset as defined by chart review compared with an equivalent period among controls indexed by matching on case onset date. Results: Four-hundred fifty-two cases were identified. Cases were no more likely than controls to have received either vaccine during the 90 days before disease onset. When encephalopathies of known etiology were excluded, the odds ratio for case children having received DTP within 7 days before onset of disease was 1.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.45-3.31, P = 0.693) compared with control children. For MMR in the 90 days before onset of encephalopathy, the odds ratio was 1.23 (95% confidence interval 0.51-2.98, P = 0.647). Conclusions: In this study of more than 2 million children, DTP and MMR vaccines were not associated with an increased risk of encephalopathy after vaccination. C1 Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Div Neurol, Dept Pediat, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. Kaiser Permanente Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Black, S (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, 1 Kaiser Plaza,16th Floor Bayside, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM steve.black@kp.org OI Michelson, David/0000-0002-0600-3523 NR 21 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 25 IS 9 BP 768 EP 773 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000234067.84848.e1 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 080QI UT WOS:000240262200002 PM 16940831 ER PT J AU Grijalva, CG Poehling, KA Nuorti, JP Zhu, YW Martin, SW Edwards, KM Griffin, MR AF Grijalva, Carlos G. Poehling, Katherine A. Nuorti, J. Pekka Zhu, Yuwei Martin, Stacey W. Edwards, Kathryn M. Griffin, Marie R. TI National impact of universal childhood immunization with pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on outpatient medical care visits in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; otitis media; pneumonia ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; CHILDREN YOUNGER; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; JUDICIOUS USE; POPULATION; EFFICACY AB BACKGROUND. Since introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the United States in 2000, rates of invasive pneumococcal disease have declined. However, the national impact of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumonia and otitis media remains unknown. OBJECTIVES. We compared national rates of outpatient visits for pneumonia and otitis media in children before and after heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction. METHODS. Rates of ambulatory visits for pneumococcal and nonspecific pneumonia, otitis media, and other acute respiratory infections were compared before (1994 1999) and after (2002-2003) heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. To evaluate vaccine effects while accounting for temporal variability, ratios of pneumococcal-related disease rates in children < 2 years old (vaccine target population) and in children 3 to 6 years old (not routinely vaccinated) were evaluated using a Poisson regression analysis. For children < 2 years old, the differences between observed and expected rates were the estimated vaccine effects. RESULTS. After the introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine, otitis media visit rates declined by 20% in children aged < 2 years. This decline represented 246 fewer otitis media visits per 1000 children aged < 2 years annually. There were no significant decreases in outpatient visit rates for pneumonia or other acute respiratory infections for children aged < 2 years. CONCLUSIONS. After heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction, national rates of otitis media visits declined significantly in children < 2 years old. Persistence of this trend will produce a significant reduction of the otitis media burden and further enhance the cost-effectiveness of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Div Pharmacoepidemiol, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Griffin, MR (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Div Pharmacoepidemiol, A-1110 Med Ctr N,1161 21st Ave, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM marie.griffin@vanderbilt.edu FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-0825]; PHS HHS [U38/CCU417958] NR 60 TC 130 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP 865 EP 873 DI 10.1542/peds.2006.0492 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NX UT WOS:000240959100002 PM 16950975 ER PT J AU Rowland, CA Correa, A Cragan, JD Alverson, CJ AF Rowland, Courtney A. Correa, Adolfo Cragan, Janet D. Alverson, Clinton J. TI Are encephaloceles neural tube defects? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE encephalocele; neural tube defects; spina; bifida; anencephaly; folic acid ID CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; SURVEILLANCE; CLOSURE; MALFORMATIONS; PREVENTION; PREVALENCE; INFANTS; ATLANTA; HUMANS; RISK AB OBJECTIVE. Encephalocele is classified as a neural tube defect, but questions have been raised regarding whether its epidemiological characteristics are similar to those of other neural tube defects. DESIGN. We compared characteristics of temporal trends in, and the impact of folic acid grain fortification on, the prevalence of encephalocele, spina bifida, and anencephaly using data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, a population-based birth defects surveillance system. Prevalences of encephalocele, spina bifida, and anencephaly were compared by maternal age, gender, race, birth weight, ascertainment period (1968-1981, 1982-1993, or 1994-2002), and fortification period (1994-1996 [prefortification] and 1998-2002 [postfortification]) using prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Temporal trends were assessed using Poisson and negative binomial regression models. RESULTS. Prevalence rates of encephalocele (n = 167), spina bifida (n = 650), and anencephaly (n = 431) were 1.4, 5.5, and 3.7 per 10 000 live births, respectively. Encephalocele was similar to anencephaly in showing an increased prevalence among girls and multiple gestation pregnancies and to spina bifida and anencephaly in an annual prevalence decrease between 1968 and 2002 (-1.2% for encephalocele, -4.2% for spina bifida, and -3.6% for anencephaly). With fortification, prevalence decreased for spina bifida but not significantly for encephalocele or anencephaly. CONCLUSIONS. Encephalocele shows more similarities to spina bifida or anencephaly than it shows differences with respect to characteristics, temporal trend, and impact of fortification. Additional studies should be done to explore the etiologic heterogeneity of encephalocele using better markers of folate status and a wider range of risk factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Correa, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acorrea@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP 916 EP 923 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-1739 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NX UT WOS:000240959100008 PM 16950981 ER PT J AU Santibanez, TA Santoli, JM Bridges, CB Euler, GL AF Santibanez, Tammy A. Santoli, Jeanne M. Bridges, Carolyn B. Euler, Gary L. TI Influenza vaccination coverage of children aged 6 to 23 months: The 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 influenza seasons SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE influenza; influenza vaccination; vaccination coverage ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; PRIMARY-CARE PRACTICES; UNITED-STATES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES; VISITS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; FEASIBILITY; DISPARITIES; INFANTS AB BACKGROUND. Beginning in 2002 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices encouraged, when feasible, annual influenza vaccination of all children aged 6 to 23 months and household contacts and out-of-home caregivers of children < 2 years of age. OBJECTIVE. We sought to report influenza vaccination coverage for the 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 influenza seasons among children aged 6 to 23 months according to demographic and immunization-provider characteristics. METHODS. Data from the 2003 and 2004 National Immunization Survey were analyzed. Two measures of childhood influenza vaccination are reported: receipt of >= 1 influenza vaccination and full vaccination (ie, receipt of the appropriate number of doses on the basis of previous vaccination history). chi(2) tests and logistic-regression analyses to test for associations between influenza vaccination status and demographic characteristics were performed. RESULTS. In the 2002-2003 and 2003-2004 influenza seasons only 7.4% and 17.5%, respectively, of children aged 6 to 23 months received >= 1 influenza vaccination, whereas only 4.4% and 8.4%, respectively, were fully vaccinated. In both seasons, adjusted influenza vaccination coverage was significantly lower among children living below the poverty level; non-Hispanic black children; older children; children with less-educated mothers; children vaccinated only at public clinics; and children not residing in a metropolitan statistical area. CONCLUSIONS. During the first 2 years of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' encouragement for children aged 6 to 23 months to receive influenza vaccination, coverage was low, with significant demographic differences in receipt of vaccination. Beginning with the 2004-2005 influenza season, they replaced the encouragement with a recommendation that children aged 6 to 23 months receive annual influenza vaccination. Substantial work remains to fully and equitably implement this new recommendation and ensure vaccination with 2 doses for previously unvaccinated children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Santibanez, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,NF,Mail Stop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afz5@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1167 EP 1175 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0831 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NX UT WOS:000240959100039 PM 16951012 ER PT J AU Shannon, MW Best, D Binns, HJ Forman, JA Johnson, CL Karr, CJ Kim, JJ Mazur, LJ Roberts, JR Rennels, MB Meissner, HC Baker, CJ Baltimore, RS Bocchini, JA Dennehy, PH Frenck, RW Hall, CB Long, SS McMillan, JA Powell, KR Rubin, LG Saari, TN AF Shannon, Michael W. Best, Dana Binns, Helen J. Forman, Joel A. Johnson, Christine L. Karr, Catherine J. Kim, Janice J. Mazur, Lynnette J. Roberts, James R. Rennels, Margaret B. Meissner, H. Cody Baker, Carol J. Baltimore, Robert S. Bocchini, Joseph A., Jr. Dennehy, Penelope H. Frenck, Robert W., Jr. Hall, Caroline B. Long, Sarah S. McMillan, Julia A. Powell, Keith R. Rubin, Lorry G. Saari, Thomas N. CA Comm Env Hlth Comm Infect Dis TI Chemical-biological terrorism and its impact on children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE chemical terrorism; biological terrorism; emergency preparedness ID SUBWAY SARIN ATTACK; SMALLPOX-VACCINATION; SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE; PSYCHOSOCIAL IMPLICATIONS; EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS; GLYCOSIDASE ACTIVITY; DISASTER MANAGEMENT; SEPTEMBER 11TH; PEDIATRICIANS; BIOTERRORISM AB Children remain potential victims of chemical or biological terrorism. In recent years, children have even been specific targets of terrorist acts. Consequently, it is necessary to address the needs that children would face after a terrorist incident. A broad range of public health initiatives have occurred since September 11, 2001. Although the needs of children have been addressed in many of them, in many cases, these initiatives have been inadequate in ensuring the protection of children. In addition, public health and health care system preparedness for terrorism has been broadened to the so-called all-hazards approach, in which response plans for terrorism are blended with plans for a public health or health care system response to unintentional disasters (eg, natural events such as earthquakes or pandemic flu or manmade catastrophes such as a hazardous-materials spill). In response to new principles and programs that have appeared over the last 5 years, this policy statement provides an update of the 2000 policy statement. The roles of both the pediatrician and public health agencies continue to be emphasized; only a coordinated effort by pediatricians and public health can ensure that the needs of children, including emergency protocols in schools or child care centers, decontamination protocols, and mental health interventions, will be successful. C1 US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Shannon, MW (reprint author), US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. OI Dennehy, Penelope/0000-0002-2259-5370 NR 52 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP 1267 EP 1278 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1700 PG 12 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NX UT WOS:000240959100052 ER PT J AU Gahagan, S Sharpe, TT Brimacombe, M Fry-Johnson, Y Levine, R Mengel, M O'Connor, M Paley, B Adubato, S Brenneman, G AF Gahagan, Sheila Sharpe, Tanya Telfair Brimacombe, Michael Fry-Johnson, Yvonne Levine, Robert Mengel, Mark O'Connor, Mary Paley, Blair Adubato, Susan Brenneman, George TI Pediatricians' knowledge, training, and experience in the care of children with fetal alcohol syndrome SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE fetal alcohol syndrome; developmental disabilities; medical home; alcohol ID RESPONSE RATES; PREVALENCE; EXPOSURE; DISORDER; PREGNANCY; PHYSICIAN; RISK AB OBJECTIVES. Prenatal exposure to alcohol interferes with fetal development and is the leading preventable cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities. The purpose of this study was to identify current knowledge, diagnosis, prevention, and intervention practices related to fetal alcohol syndrome and related conditions by members of the American Academy of Pediatrics. METHODS. This study was developed collaboratively by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Questionnaires were mailed to a 3% random sample (n = 1600) of American Academy of Pediatrics members in the United States. General pediatricians, pediatric subspecialists, and pediatric residents were included. RESULTS. Participation rate was 55% (n = 879). Respondents almost universally knew the teratology and clinical presentation of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. However, they were less likely to report comfort with routine pediatric care of these children. Whereas 62% felt prepared to identify and 50% felt prepared to diagnose, only 34% felt prepared to manage and coordinate the treatment of children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Even fewer (n = 114 [13%]) reported that they routinely counsel adolescent patients about the risks of drinking and pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS. The survey confirms that pediatricians are knowledgeable about fetal alcohol syndrome but do not feel adequately trained to integrate the management of this diagnosis or prevention efforts into everyday practice. Furthermore, the respondents were not active in routine anticipatory guidance with adolescents for prevention of alcohol-affected pregnancies. The development, dissemination, and implementation of best practice tools for prevention, diagnosis, and referral of fetal alcohol syndrome that are specific for general and subspecialist pediatricians are recommended. C1 Univ Michigan, Ctr Human Growth & Dev, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Prevent Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Natl Ctr Primary Care, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community & Family Med, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. US PHS, Rockville, MD USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Nat Amer Child Hlth, Elk Grove Village, IL USA. RP Gahagan, S (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Ctr Human Growth & Dev, MPH,300 NIB 1008 SW, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sgahagan@umich.edu OI Brimacombe, Michael/0000-0002-3276-9071 FU PHS HHS [U59/CCU521266] NR 47 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP E657 EP E668 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0516 PG 12 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NX UT WOS:000240959100091 PM 16950957 ER PT J AU Nader, PR O'Brien, M Houts, R Bradley, R Belsky, J Crosnoe, R Friedman, S Mei, ZG Susman, EJ AF Nader, Philip R. O'Brien, Marion Houts, Renate Bradley, Robert Belsky, Jay Crosnoe, Robert Friedman, Sarah Mei, Zuguo Susman, Elizabeth J. CA Natl Inst Child Hlth Human Dev TI Identifying risk for obesity in early childhood SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE BMI; childhood obesity; longitudinal growth ID ADOLESCENT OBESITY; FOLLOW-UP; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN; ADULTHOOD; LIFE; RECOMMENDATIONS; PREVALENCE AB OBJECTIVES. Our aim with this study was to assist clinicians by estimating the predictive value of earlier levels of BMI status on later risk of overweight and obesity during the middle childhood and early adolescent years. METHODS. We present growth data from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, a longitudinal sample of 1042 healthy US children in 10 locations. Born in 1991, their growth reflects the secular trend of increasing overweight/obesity in the population. Height and weight of participating children in the study were measured at 7 time points. We examined odds ratios for overweight and obesity at age 12 years comparing the frequency with which children did versus did not reach specific BMI percentiles in the preschool- and elementary-age periods. To explore the question of whether and when earlier BMI was predictive of weight status at age 12 years, we used logistic regression to obtain the predicted probabilities of being overweight or obese (BMI >= 85%) at 12 years old on the basis of earlier BMI. RESULTS. Persistence of obesity is apparent for both the preschool and elementary school period. Children who were ever overweight (> 85th percentile), that is, >= 1 time at ages 24, 36, or 54 months during the preschool period were > 5 times as likely to be overweight at age 12 years than those who were below the 85th percentile for BMI at all 3 of the preschool ages. During the elementary school period, ages 7, 9, and 11 years, the more times a child was overweight, the greater the odds of being overweight at age 12 years relative to a child who was never overweight. Sixty percent of children who were overweight at any time during the preschool period and 80% of children who were overweight at any time during the elementary period were overweight at age 12 years. Follow-up calculations showed that 2 in 5 children whose BMIs were >= 50th percentile by age 3 years were overweight at age 12 years. No children who were < 50th percentile for BMI at all points during elementary school were overweight at age 12 years. Children who have higher range BMIs earlier, but not at the 85th percentile, are also more likely to be overweight at age 12 years. Even at time points before and including age 9 years, children whose BMIs are between the 75th and 85th percentile have an similar to 40% to 50% chance of being overweight at age 12 years. Children at 54 months old whose BMIs are between the 50th and 75th percentile are 4 times more likely to be overweight at age 12 years than their contemporaries who are < 50th percentile, and those whose BMIs are between the 75th and 85th percentile are > 6 times more likely to be overweight at age 12 years than those < 50th percentile. CONCLUSIONS. The data from this study indicate that children with BMIs > 85th percentile, as well as with BMIs in the high reference range are more likely than children whose BMI is < 50th percentile to continue to gain weight and reach overweight status by adolescence. Pediatricians can be confident in counseling parents to begin to address the at-risk child's eating and activity patterns rather than delaying in hopes that overweight and the patterns that support it will resolve themselves in due course. Identifying children at risk for adolescent obesity provides physicians with an opportunity for earlier intervention with the goal of limiting the progression of abnormal weight gain that results in the development of obesity-related morbidity. C1 NICHD, CRMC, Early Child Care & Youth Dev Res Network, CDB, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Community Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Arkansas, Ctr Appl Studies Educ, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Univ London Birkbeck Coll, Inst Study Children Families & Social Issues, London WC1E 7HX, England. Univ Texas, Dept Sociol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Populat Res Ctr, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biobehav Hlth, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Nader, PR (reprint author), NICHD, CRMC, Early Child Care & Youth Dev Res Network, CDB, 6100 Execut Blvd,Suite 4B05, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM pnader@ucsd.edu OI Belsky, Jay/0000-0003-2191-2503 NR 31 TC 296 Z9 298 U1 6 U2 27 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2006 VL 118 IS 3 BP E594 EP E601 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2801 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 090NX UT WOS:000240959100083 PM 16950951 ER PT J AU Paulozzi, LJ Budnitz, DS Xi, YL AF Paulozzi, Leonard J. Budnitz, Daniel S. Xi, Yongli TI Increasing deaths from opioid analgesics in the United States SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE poisoning; mortality; opioid; analgesic; narcotic; methadone; oxycodone; fentanyl ID COCAINE-RELATED DEATHS; CHRONIC PAIN; MEDICAL USE; ABUSE; OXYCODONE; TRENDS; MORTALITY; METHADONE; OVERDOSE AB Purpose Since 1990, numerous jurisdictions in the United States (US) have reported increases in drug poisoning mortality. During the same time period, the use of opioid analgesics has increased markedly as part of more aggressive pain management. This study documented a dramatic increase in poisoning mortality rates and compared it to sales of opioid analgesics nationwide. Methods Trend analysis of drug poisoning deaths using underlying cause of death and multiple cause of death mortality data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and opioid analgesic sales data from the US Drug Enforcement Administration. Results Unintentional drug poisoning mortality rates increased on average 5.3% per year from 1979 to 1990 and 18.1% per year from 1990 to 2002. The rapid increase during the 1990s reflects the rising number of deaths attributed to narcotics and unspecified drugs. Between 1999 and 2002, the number of opioid analgesic poisonings on death certificates increased 91.2%, while heroin and cocaine poisonings increased 12.4% and 22.8%, respectively. By 2002, opioid analgesic poisoning was listed in 5528 deaths-more than either heroin or cocaine. The increase in deaths generally matched the increase in sales for each type of opioid. The increase in deaths involving methadone tracked the increase in methadone used as an analgesic rather than methadone used in narcotics treatment programs. Conclusions A national epidemic of drug poisoning deaths began in the 1990s. Prescriptions for opioid analgesics also increased in this time frame and may have inadvertently contributed to the increases in drug poisoning deaths. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Paulozzi, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway SE,MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lbp4@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 371 Z9 379 U1 7 U2 41 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 15 IS 9 BP 618 EP 627 DI 10.1002/pds.1276 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 086HS UT WOS:000240665000002 PM 16862602 ER PT J AU Bilker, W Gogolak, V Goldsmith, D Hauben, M Herrera, G Hochberg, A Jolley, S Kulldorff, M Madigan, D Nelson, R Shapiro, A Shmueli, G AF Bilker, Warren Gogolak, Victor Goldsmith, David Hauben, Manfred Herrera, Guillermo Hochberg, Alan Jolley, Steve Kulldorff, Martin Madigan, David Nelson, Robert Shapiro, Alan Shmueli, Galit TI Accelerating statistical research in drug safety SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York Med Coll, New York, NY 10016 USA. Brunel Univ, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bilker, W (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Kulldorff, Martin/H-4282-2011; OI Kulldorff, Martin/0000-0002-5284-2993 NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 15 IS 9 BP 687 EP 688 DI 10.1002/pds.1267 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 086HS UT WOS:000240665000013 PM 16941519 ER PT J AU Stockman, LJ Bellamy, R Garner, P AF Stockman, Lauren J. Bellamy, Richard Garner, Paul TI SARS: Systematic review of treatment effects SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; SYNERGISTICALLY INHIBIT; DISTRESS-SYNDROME; INTERFERON-BETA; MAJOR OUTBREAK; HONG-KONG; CORONAVIRUS; REPLICATION; CORTICOSTEROIDS; IDENTIFICATION AB Background The SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 presented clinicians with a new, life-threatening disease for which they had no experience in treating and no research on the effectiveness of treatment options. The World Health Organization ( WHO) expert panel on SARS treatment requested a systematic review and comprehensive summary of treatments used for SARS-infected patients in order to guide future treatment and identify priorities for research. Methods and Findings In response to the WHO request we conducted a systematic review of the published literature on ribavirin, corticosteroids, lopinavir and ritonavir (LPV/r), type I interferon (IFN), intravenous immunoglobulin ( IVIG), and SARS convalescent plasma from both in vitro studies and in SARS patients. We also searched for clinical trial evidence of treatment for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Sources of data were the literature databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials ( CENTRAL) up to February 2005. Data from publications were extracted and evidence within studies was classified using predefined criteria. In total, 54 SARS treatment studies, 15 in vitro studies, and three acute respiratory distress syndrome studies met our inclusion criteria. Within in vitro studies, ribavirin, lopinavir, and type I IFN showed inhibition of SARS-CoV in tissue culture. In SARS-infected patient reports on ribavirin, 26 studies were classified as inconclusive, and four showed possible harm. Seven studies of convalescent plasma or IVIG, three of IFN type I, and two of LPV/r were inconclusive. In 29 studies of steroid use, 25 were inconclusive and four were classified as causing possible harm. Conclusions Despite an extensive literature reporting on SARS treatments, it was not possible to determine whether treatments benefited patients during the SARS outbreak. Some may have been harmful. Clinical trials should be designed to validate a standard protocol for dosage and timing, and to accrue data in real time during future outbreaks to monitor specific adverse effects and help inform treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Dept Vet Affairs, Decatur, GA USA. James Cook Univ Hosp, Middlesbrough, Cleveland, England. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Stockman, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM lstockman@cdc.gov OI Garner, Paul/0000-0002-0607-6941 NR 33 TC 117 Z9 123 U1 3 U2 12 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1525 EP 1531 AR e343 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030343 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 103YT UT WOS:000241923800020 PM 16968120 ER PT J AU McCree, DH Sharpe, PA Brandt, HM Robertson, R AF McCree, Donna Hubbard Sharpe, Patricia A. Brandt, Heather M. Robertson, Rashanda TI Preferences for sources of information about abnormal Pap tests and HPV in women tested for HPV SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HPV; cervical cancer; women; sexually transmitted infection; educational material ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; CERVICAL-CANCER; KNOWLEDGE; DNA; RISK; COMMUNICATION; POPULATION; EDUCATION; LITERACY; PATIENT AB Background. Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is important because of its association with cervical cancer. There has been a recent upsurge of coverage in the media concerning HPV, but little research exists on women's preferences and opinions regarding sources of information and education on HPV and abnormal Pap tests. The purpose of this paper is to describe women's preferences and opinions about various sources/channels of information on abnormal Pap test results and HPV. Methods. Forty-four in-depth, in-person interviews were conducted with low-income, high-risk HPV positive women. Women responded to open-ended questions addressing their preferences for sources of health and medical information related to HPV and abnormal Pap tests. The audiotaped interviews were transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were analyzed for content themes related to provision of information and education. Results. Women preferred sources that were trustworthy, accessible, and convenient, could be viewed in a private location, and were written in easily understood language. Women also preferred obtaining information from other women with HPV. The most trusted source was face-to-face interaction with the health care provider; however, the nature of this interaction had both strengths and weaknesses. Conclusions. Regardless of channel, women want information that they can understand about abnormal Pap tests and HPV. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP McCree, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd Mailstop MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zyr1@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U36/CCU300430-22] NR 42 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 165 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.04.001 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 089JG UT WOS:000240876000003 PM 16701815 ER PT J AU Zotti, ME Graham, J Whitt, AL Anand, S Replogle, WH AF Zotti, Marianne E. Graham, Juanita Whitt, Anna Lyn Anand, Susan Replogle, William H. TI Evaluation of a multistate faith-based program for children affected by natural disaster SO PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING LA English DT Article DE child health; disasters; program evaluation; trauma ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; SYMPTOMS; ADOLESCENTS; HURRICANE; TRAUMA AB Objectives: To systematically evaluate Camp Noah, a faith-based intervention for children affected by natural disaster: to assess the extent to which the camps were carried out according to the program design, to describe how the Camp Noah program was implemented, and to explore Camp Noah program effects on children. Design: Qualitative survey. Sample: Twenty-eight local, state, and national stakeholders. Measurement: Open-ended interviews. Results: Although camps adhered to the curriculum, many implementation weaknesses resulted from a lack of clear program structure and written procedures. Stakeholders observed that children generally were able to process their disaster experiences in the camp, and some children exhibited increased understanding of God's role in their disaster experience. Stakeholders also described parent reports of increased coping skills related to weather among some children. Lastly, stakeholders both observed positive effects of Camp Noah on children's behaviors and symptoms and described changes reported to them by parents. Conclusions: Every year, thousands of children suffer emotionally as a result of natural disaster in the United States. With public health nursing support and improvements in infrastructure, Camp Noah may be a promising intervention to address this important public health problem. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Translat Team, CDC, NCCDPHP,DRH,ASB, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Policy Evaluat, Jackson, MS USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Psychiat, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Univ Mississippi, Med Ctr, Dept Family Med, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. RP Zotti, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Translat Team, CDC, NCCDPHP,DRH,ASB, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MZotti@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0737-1209 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NURS JI Public Health Nurs. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 23 IS 5 BP 400 EP 409 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1446.2006.00579.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nursing GA 081LQ UT WOS:000240319500004 PM 16961560 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Eaton, DK Kann, L Grunbaum, JA Gross, LA Kyle, TM Ross, JG AF Brener, Nancy D. Eaton, Dance K. Kann, Laura Grunbaum, Jo Anne Gross, Lori A. Kyle, Tonja M. Ross, James G. TI The association of survey setting and mode with self-reported health risk behaviors among high school students SO PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID DRUG-USE; NATIONAL SURVEYS; COMPUTER; ALCOHOL; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; YOUTH; PAPER; IMPACT; INTERVIEWS AB This study examined whether the prevalence of selfreported health risk behaviors among high school students varied by survey setting (school versus home) and mode of administration (paper and pencil versus computer). Students in grades 9 and 11 were assigned randomly to one of four conditions-school paper-and-pencil instrument (PAPI), school computer-assisted self-interview (CASI), home PAPI, and home CASI. During the spring of 2004, 4,506 students completed identically worded questionnaires based on the Youth Risk Behavior Survey questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses controlling for sex, grade, and race/ethnicity revealed that setting was associated significantly with the reporting of 30 of the 55 risk behaviors examined, and mode was associated significantly with the reporting of 7 of the 55 behaviors. For all behaviors with a significant setting main effect, the odds of reporting the behavior were greater among students who completed questionnaires at school than among students who completed questionnaires at home. For all behaviors with a significant mode main effect, PAPI mode students had lower odds of reporting the behavior than CASI mode students. Because social measurement research assumes that higher prevalence estimates are more valid than lower estimates, methodological factors shown to increase estimates, such as setting and mode, should be considered when planning surveys. C1 CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Macro Int, Calverton, MD USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nad1@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0033-362X J9 PUBLIC OPIN QUART JI Public Opin. Q. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 70 IS 3 BP 354 EP 374 DI 10.1093/poq/nfl003 PG 21 WC Communication; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Communication; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 085QW UT WOS:000240619600004 ER PT J AU Braun, KV Yeargin-Allsopp, M Lollar, D AF Braun, Kim Van Naarden Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn Lollar, Donald TI Factors associated with leisure activity among young adults with developmental disabilities SO RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES LA English DT Article DE ICF; developmental disabilities; transition; population-based study; mental retardation; cerebral palsy; hearing loss; vision impairment; epilepsy ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; COMMUNITY AB The framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) was applied to examine the factors associated with childhood impairment and leisure activity. Information on leisure activity was obtained using a structured questionnaire from a population-based cohort of young adults with childhood impairment. The results underscore the differences in leisure lifestyles by impairment type and severity. Activity limitations, educational attainment, and the acquisition of adult social roles were significant predictors of leisure activity. This study emphasizes the importance of improving daily activities, increasing attendance of postsecondary school and opportunities for competitive employment and participation in impairment-related programs to help increase the number and scope of types of leisure activities for young adults with developmental disabilities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Dev Disabil Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, New York, NY 10463 USA. RP Braun, KV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Dev Disabil Team, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbn5@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-4222 J9 RES DEV DISABIL JI Res. Dev. Disabil. PD SEP-OCT PY 2006 VL 27 IS 5 BP 567 EP 583 DI 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.05.008 PG 17 WC Education, Special; Rehabilitation SC Education & Educational Research; Rehabilitation GA 092YF UT WOS:000241132900007 ER PT J AU Joesoef, MR Mosure, DJ AF Joesoef, M. Riduan Mosure, Debra J. TI Prevalence Trends in chlamydial infections among young women entering the National Job Training Program, 1998-2004 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS; FEMALE ADOLESCENTS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; TESTS; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; BDPROBETEC; SPECIMENS; STANDARD AB Objectives: To assess the trends and risk factors of chlamydial infections in disadvantaged women aged 16 to 24 years entering a national job training program. Goal: To assess the impact of chlamydia screening program on chlamydia trend. Study Design: The authors calculated the prevalence of chlamydia by demographic and geographic characteristics from 106,377 women who were screened from 1998 through 2004. Results: Chlamydia prevalence was inversely associated with age, decreasing from 12.7% in women aged 16 to 17 years to 6.6% in women aged 22 to 24 years. Blacks had the highest prevalence (13.1%). Chlamydia prevalence significantly decreased from 11.7% in 1998 to 10.0% in 2003 and then slightly increased to 10.3% in 2004. After direct standardization and adjustment for the laboratory test type, a similar trend was observed by age and race/ethnicities. Conclusions: Among disadvantaged women aged 16 to 24 years entering a national job training program, the chlamydia prevalence and racial disparities in prevalence were consistently high from 1998 to 2004, especially among younger black women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Joesoef, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mrj1@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 33 IS 9 BP 571 EP 575 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000204516.38760.9c PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 080SW UT WOS:000240269500008 PM 16543862 ER PT J AU Liau, A Millett, G Marks, G AF Liau, Adrian Millett, Gregorio Marks, Gary TI Meta-analytic examination of online sex-seeking and sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO; TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; HIV PREVENTION; INTERNET; GAY; SYPHILIS; OUTBREAK; PARTNERS; INCREASE AB Objectives: To estimate the percentage of men who have sex with men (MSM) who have used the Internet to look for sex partners and to examine the prevalence of risky sex among MSM who have and have not sought partners online. Methods: Meta-analyses were conducted on findings from published English-language studies. High-risk sex was self-reported unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). Analyses were stratified by method of study recruitment (online versus offline venues) and participants' human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status. Results: In studies that recruited MSM offline, a weighted mean, based on 15 findings, indicated that 40% (95% confidence interval [CI], 35.2%-45.2%) of MSM had used the Internet to look for sex partners. In 3 findings from offline studies that stratified by participant HIV status, the weighted-mean percentage was higher among HIV-positive (49.6%; 95% CI, 44.9%-54.3%) than HIV-negative/unknown MSM (41.2%; 95% CI, 36.8%-45.6%). UAI with male sex partners was more likely among MSM who sought partners online than MSM who did not (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.18-2.40; k = 11). This group difference was observed for UAI with HIV-serodiscordant as well as HIV-seroconcordant partners, particularly among HIV-positive study participants. HIV-serodiscordant UAI was not more prevalent with partners met online than offline. Conclusions: A substantial percentage of MSM use the Internet to look for sex partners, and those who do are more likely to engage in unprotected sex. Additional research is needed to determine whether the Internet may increase risk behavior beyond that which occurs when men meet partners at offline venues. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gmarks@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 210 Z9 212 U1 2 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 33 IS 9 BP 576 EP 584 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000204710.35332.c5 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 080SW UT WOS:000240269500009 PM 16540884 ER PT J AU Guilamo-Ramos, V Dittus, P Jaccard, J Goldberg, V Casillas, E Bouris, A AF Guilamo-Ramos, Vincent Dittus, Patricia Jaccard, James Goldberg, Vincent Casillas, Eileen Bouris, Alida TI The content and process of mother-adolescent communication about sex in Latino families SO SOCIAL WORK RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adolescent sexual behavior; Latino families; mother-adolescent communication ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT; RISK COMMUNICATION; CONDOM USE; PARENT; BEHAVIOR; WOMEN; AIDS; SEXUALITY; PREGNANCY AB Research has shown that Latino parents discuss sexual topics with their children less often than do parents from other ethnic groups; however, communication about sex in Latino families is nor well understood. The present study explored the content and process of mother-adolescent communication about sex to better understand how to facilitate communication in urban Latino families. Focus-group interviews were conducted with 63 Latino mother-adolescent pairs in New York City. Latina mothers were able to discuss certain sex-related topics, such as the consequences of sexual activity, but not others, including sexual intercourse and birth control. Adolescents wanted to discuss sexual topics with their mothers, yet most did not because of fears their mothers would assume they were sexually active and would punish them. Our findings suggest that Latino culture and the urban environment play a large role in mother-adolescent conversations about sex. Latina mothers were raised in a culture not supportive of open discussions about sex in the home, yet they recognize the risks their adolescents experience in an urban U.S. environment. The present study provides information on the nature of communication about sex in Latino families and can help tailor interventions aimed at reducing adolescent sexual risk behavior. C1 Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Int Univ, Dept Psychol, Miami, FL 33199 USA. RP Guilamo-Ramos, V (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Sch Social Work, 1255 Amsterdam Ave, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM rg650@columbia.edu NR 53 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATL ASSOC SOCIAL WORKERS PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST, NE, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4241 USA SN 1070-5309 J9 SOC WORK RES JI Soc. Work Res. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 30 IS 3 BP 169 EP 181 PG 13 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 088CE UT WOS:000240788300004 ER PT J AU Hsu, CE Mas, FS Hickey, JM Miller, JA Lai, DJ AF Hsu, Chiehwen Ed Mas, Francisco Soto Hickey, Jessica M. Miller, Jerry A. Lai, Dejian TI Surveillance of the colorectal cancer disparities among demographic subgroups: A spatial analysis SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer; health disparities; public health informatics; Geographic Information Systems; spatial analysis ID MORTALITY STATISTICS; AREA AB Objective: The literature suggests that colorectal cancer mortality in Texas is distributed inhomogeneously among specific demographic subgroups and in certain geographic regions over an extended period. To understand the extent of the demographic and geographic disparities, the present study examined colorectal cancer mortality in 15 demographic groups in Texas counties between 1990 and 2001. Methods: The Spatial Scan Statistic was used to assess the standardized mortality ratio, duration and age-adjusted rates of excess mortality, and their respective p-values for testing the null hypothesis of homogeneity of geographic and temporal distribution. Results: The study confirmed the excess mortality in some Texas counties found in the literature, identified 13 additional excess mortality regions, and found 4 health regions with persistent excess mortality involving several population subgroups. Conclusion: Health disparities of colorectal cancer mortality continue to exist in Texas demographic subpopulations. Health education and intervention programs should be directed to the at-risk subpopulations in the identified regions. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Publ & Community Hlth, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Hlth Informat Sci, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Coll Educ, Dept Teacher Educ, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. Dallas Reg Off, Ctr Medicare, Dallas, TX USA. Dallas Reg Off, Ctr Medicaid Serv, Dallas, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Hsu, CE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Publ & Community Hlth, Coll Pk,2371 HHP Bldg,Valley Dr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 99 IS 9 BP 949 EP 956 DI 10.1097/01.smj.0000224755.73679.67 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 134GY UT WOS:000244072700013 PM 17004529 ER PT J AU Angerer, J Bird, MG Burke, TA Doerrer, NG Needham, L Robison, SH Sheldon, L Zenick, H AF Angerer, Jurgen Bird, Michael G. Burke, Thomas A. Doerrer, Nancy G. Needham, Larry Robison, Steven H. Sheldon, Linda Zenick, Hal TI Strategic biomonitoring initiatives: Moving the science forward SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; biomonitoring; risk assessment; exposure assessment; risk assessment ID EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTS; METHYLEUGENOL; ALKENYLBENZENES; CHLORPYRIFOS; EXPOSURES AB Biomonitoring programs in the United States and Europe demonstrate the vast array of data that are publicly available for the evaluation of exposure trends, identification of susceptible populations, detection of emerging chemical risks, the conduct of epidemiology studies, and evaluation of risk reduction strategies. To cultivate international discussion on these issues, the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute convened a scientific session at its annual meeting in January 2006 on "Integration of Biomonitoring Exposure Data into the Risk Assessment Process." This Forum paper presents perspectives from session speakers on the biomonitoring activities of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the National Research Council Committee on Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Toxicants, the German Commission on Human Biomonitoring, and the Health and Environmental Sciences Institute Biomonitoring Technical Committee. Speakers noted that better estimates of biological concentrations of substances in the tissues of human populations can be combined with other exposure indices, as well as epidemiological and toxicologic data, to improve risk estimates. With this type of combined data, the potential also exists to define exposure levels at which hazard and risk are of minimal concern. Limitations in interpreting biomonitoring data were discussed, including the need for different criteria for applying biomonitoring data for exposure assessment, risk assessment, risk management, or disease prevention purposes. As efforts and resources are expended to improve the ability to apply biomonitoring exposure data in the risk assessment process, it is equally important to communicate the significance of such data to the public. C1 ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Occupat Social & Environm Med, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. ExxonMobil Biomed Sci Inc, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45253 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Doerrer, NG (reprint author), ILSI Hlth & Environm Sci Inst, 1 Thomas Circle,NW,9th Floor, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM ndoeffer@hesiglobal.org RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 3 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2006 VL 93 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfl042 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 074VI UT WOS:000239839500002 PM 16785253 ER PT J AU Dorsey, KA Zou, S Notari, EP Fang, CT Schonberger, L AF Dorsey, K. A. Zou, S. Notari, E. P. Fang, C. T. Schonberger, L. TI Survival of blood transfusion recipients SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Amer Red Cross, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dorseyke@usa.redcross.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 13A EP 13A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100038 ER PT J AU Cangelosi, JJ Lasala, PR Wahbah, MM Wilson, M Indrikovs, AJ AF Cangelosi, J. J. Lasala, P. R. Wahbah, M. M. Wilson, M. Indrikovs, A. J. TI Transfusion-related Balbesiosis: First reported fatal case in the state of Texas SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jjcangel@utmb.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 28A EP 28A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100082 ER PT J AU Dorsey, KA Zou, S Notari, EP Fang, CT Dodd, RY Schonberger, L AF Dorsey, K. A. Zou, S. Notari, E. P. Fang, C. T. Dodd, R. Y. Schonberger, L. TI Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease look-back study: An update SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Amer Red Cross, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dorseyke@usa.redcross.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 38A EP 38A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100111 ER PT J AU Linnen, JM Broulik, A Collins, C Cary, J Kolk, DP Vinelfi, E Sabino, E Lanciotti, R Hyland, C Tobler, LH Giachetti, C Busch, MP AF Linnen, J. M. Broulik, A. Collins, C. Cary, J. Kolk, D. P. Vinelfi, E. Sabino, E. Lanciotti, R. Hyland, C. Tobler, L. H. Giachetti, C. Busch, M. P. TI Detection of dengue virus RNA in blood donors from Honduras and Brazil with a prototype transcription-mediated amplification assay SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 59th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Blood-Banks (AABB 2006) CY OCT 21-24, 2006 CL Miami Beach, FL SP Amer Assoc Blood Banks C1 Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Honduran Red Cross, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Blood Ctr Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. CDC, Ft Collins, CO USA. Australian Red Cross Soc, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. EM jeffl@gen-probe.com RI Sabino, Ester/F-7750-2010 OI Sabino, Ester/0000-0003-2623-5126 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 SU S BP 38A EP 38A PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 084SG UT WOS:000240554100110 ER PT J AU Switzer, WM Hewlett, I Aaron, L Wolfe, ND Burke, DS Heneine, W AF Switzer, William M. Hewlett, Indira Aaron, Leslyn Wolfe, Nathan D. Burke, Donald S. Heneine, Walid TI Serologic testing for human T-lymphotropic virus-3 and-4 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Letter ID EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. FDA, Lab Mol Virol, Div Emerging & Transfus Transmitted Dis, OBRR,CBER, Rockville, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol Int Hlth, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM bis3@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2006 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1647 EP 1648 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00950.x PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 079AD UT WOS:000240147000029 PM 16965596 ER PT J AU Mathanga, DP Campbell, CH Taylor, TE Barlow, R Wilson, ML AF Mathanga, Don P. Campbell, Carl H. Taylor, Terrie E. Barlow, Robin Wilson, Mark L. TI Socially marketed insecticide-treated nets effectively reduce Plasmodium infection and anaemia among children in urban Malawi SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE insecticide-treated nets; social marketing; effectiveness; malaria infection; anaemia ID BED NETS; MALARIA TRANSMISSION; MOSQUITO NETS; WESTERN KENYA; MORBIDITY; TANZANIA; IMPACT; MORTALITY; PROGRAM; AFRICA AB Background Use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) has become a central focus for the Roll Back Malaria campaign, and many countries in Africa have now embarked on large-scale public health programmes aimed at making ITNs available to those at greatest risk. However, the effectiveness of these programmes has rarely been evaluated. Method We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the impact of an ITN social marketing programme on Plasmodium falciparum infection and anaemia among children in urban Malawi. Results Knowledge of ITNs was high; however, only 42% of the children surveyed reported to have used an ITN the previous night. Nevertheless, 17% (295/1721) of children had a positive P. falciparum smear at enrolment. Use of ITNs was associated with 52% protective efficacy against Plasmodium parasitemia. More than two-thirds of children were anaemic, yet the mean haemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in children using ITNs than in those not using nets. ITN use was associated with wealth, as poorer households were 60% less likely to use treated nets. Conclusion Although ITN social marketing programmes have the potential of improving malaria control and prevention, additional efforts are required to reach those for whom even subsidized nets are still too expensive. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, E Lansing, MI USA. RP Wilson, ML (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 109 Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM wilsonml@umich.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [1 D43-TW00908] NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1367 EP 1374 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01684.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 077DF UT WOS:000240007200006 PM 16930258 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, R Fentie, G Flannery, B Emerson, PM AF O'Loughlin, Rosalyn Fentie, Gashu Flannery, Brendan Emerson, Paul M. TI Follow-up of a low cost latrine promotion programme in one district of Amhara, Ethiopia: characteristics of early adopters and non-adopters SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE community mobilization; Ethiopia; latrines; toilet facilities; trachoma; Millennium Development Goals ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FLY MUSCA-SORBENS; TRACHOMA CONTROL; EVIDENCE BASE; GLOBAL DATA; PROVISION; COMMUNITY; DIARRHEA; VECTOR; GAMBIA AB OBJECTIVES To verify reported construction of 22 385 household latrines in 2004, after community mobilization, as part of a trachoma control programme in one district of Amhara, Ethiopia, and to explore characteristics of early latrine adopters and non-adopters. METHODS We used a two-stage cluster sample survey design to randomly select eight sub-districts and 160 households listed as having built a latrine, and visited them to verify presence and use. Household heads were interviewed to determine latrine cost and knowledge, attitude and practice regarding latrines. Non-latrine adopting neighbours were interviewed for comparison. We estimated district latrine ownership and calculated adjusted odds ratios for factors associated with latrine use. RESULTS Latrines were present in 87% (95% CI 77-97) of listed households; 90% (81-99) were in use. Among all district residents we estimated ownership as 50.2% (44-56) and use as 45.2% (36-55). Of latrine owners who had built in 2004, 69% (53/77) had spent nothing on their latrine, those who paid spent an average of US$4.0 [standard deviation (SD) US$3.6]; overall the median cost was US$0 and the mean US$0.80 (SD US$1.7). Household heads adopting latrines were 1.9 times (95% CI 1.3-2.8) more likely to have any education and 1.5 times (95% CI 1.1-2.0) more likely to have a larger family than non-adopting neighbours. Cleanliness (48%, 56/116) and health benefits (42%, 49/116) were the most frequently reported advantages of latrines. CONCLUSION The latrine promotion programme dramatically increased latrine access and use at very low cost. The method of community mobilization used could be an effective way of reaching millennium development sanitation targets. C1 Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Amhara Reg Hlth Bur, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Emerson, PM (reprint author), Carter Ctr, 1Copenhill, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. EM pemerso@emory.edu NR 29 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1406 EP 1415 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01689.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 077DF UT WOS:000240007200011 PM 16930263 ER PT J AU Dreyer, G Addiss, D Gadelha, P Lapa, E Williamson, J Dreyer, A AF Dreyer, Gerusa Addiss, David Gadelha, Patricia Lapa, Eduardo Williamson, John Dreyer, Annelies TI Interdigital skin lesions of the lower limbs among patients with lymphoedema in an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE lymphoedema; interdigital skin lesion; control; bancroftian filariasis; acute episode; self-examination ID UPPER-EXTREMITY LYMPHEDEMA; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; BRUGIAN FILARIASIS; ACUTE ATTACKS; WOMEN; ADENOLYMPHANGITIS; MANAGEMENT; PENICILLIN; EFFICACY; PROGRAM AB OBJECTIVES An estimated 15 million persons suffer from lymphoedema of the leg in filariasis-endemic areas of the world. A major factor in the progression of lymphoedema severity is the incidence of acute dermatolymphangioadenitis (ADLA), which is triggered by bacteria that gain entry through damaged skin, especially in the toe web spaces ('interdigital skin lesions'). Little is known about the epidemiology of these skin lesions or about patients' awareness of them. METHODS We interviewed and examined 119 patients (89% women) with lymphoedema of the leg in Recife, Brazil, an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis. RESULTS We detected 412 interdigital skin lesions in 115 (96.6%) patients (mean, 3.5 lesions per patient, range 0-8). The number of interdigital skin lesions was significantly associated with lymphoedema stage (P < 0.001) and frequency of ADLA (P < 0.0001). Only 20 (16.8%) patients detected their own interdigital skin lesions or considered them abnormal. Patients reported a mean of 3.6 ADLA episodes during the previous 12 months (range, 0-20); reported ADLA incidence was associated with lymphoedema stage (P < 0.0001) and the number of interdigital skin lesions detected by the examining physician (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that interdigital skin lesions are a significant risk factor for ADLA and that persons with lymphoedema in filariasis-endemic areas are unaware of their presence or importance. Prevention of ADLA through prompt recognition and treatment of interdigital skin lesions will require that patients be taught to identify lesions, especially between the toes and to recognize them as abnormal. C1 Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, NEPAF, BR-50670900 Recife, PE, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv Res & Publ Hlth Assess, Austin, TX USA. RP Dreyer, G (reprint author), Univ Fed Pernambuco, Hosp Clin, NEPAF, Av Prof Moraes Rego S-N, BR-50670900 Recife, PE, Brazil. EM dreyer-g@uol.com.br NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1475 EP 1481 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01687 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 077DF UT WOS:000240007200018 PM 16930270 ER PT J AU Sharma, DA McFarland, D Bern, C Amann, J Ahluwalia, I Maguire, H Varghese, B Chowdhury, R Haque, R Ali, M Wagatsuma, Y Breiman, R AF Sharma, D. A. McFarland, D. Bern, C. Amann, J. Ahluwalia, I. Maguire, H. Varghese, B. Chowdhury, R. Haque, R. Ali, M. Wagatsuma, Y. Breiman, R. TI The economic impact of visceral leishmaniasis on households in Bangladesh (vol 11, pg 757, 2006) SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Correction C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. ICDDR, B Ctr Hlth & Populat Res, Dhaka, Bangladesh. RP Sharma, DA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD SEP PY 2006 VL 11 IS 9 BP 1482 EP 1482 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 077DF UT WOS:000240007200019 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Easterbrook, JD Loftis, AD Glass, GE AF Reeves, Will K. Easterbrook, Judith D. Loftis, Amanda D. Glass, Gregory E. TI Serologic evidence for Rickettsia typhi and an ehrlichial agent in Norway rats from Baltimore, Maryland, USA SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Ehrlichia; murine typhus; Norway rat; Rattus norvegicus; Rickettsia typhi; zoonotic disease ID FEVER; FLEAS AB We screened serum from 90 Norway rats trapped in East Baltimore, Maryland, USA, from April to November 2005 for antibodies against Rickettsia typhi and Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Six rats had positive titers of >= 1:64 against R. typhi and did not react with R. akari. In addition, four rats had cross-reactive antibodies with titers of >= 1:64 against Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Sera from these rats also cross-reacted with Anaplasma phagocytophilum or Ehrlichia muris. Our data indicate that the agent of murine typhus and ehrlichial agents are circulating in the Norway rat population in Baltimore. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wreeves@alumni.clemson.edu NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD FAL PY 2006 VL 6 IS 3 BP 244 EP 247 DI 10.1089/vbz.2006.6.244 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 086VV UT WOS:000240702000004 PM 16989563 ER PT J AU Bogner, P Capua, I Cox, NJ Lipman, DJ AF Bogner, Peter Capua, Ilaria Cox, Nancy J. Lipman, David J. TI A global initiative on sharing avian flu data SO NATURE LA English DT Letter C1 Bogner Org, Santa Monica, CA 90403 USA. Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Venezie, OFFLU OIE FAO Network, Sci Comm, I-35020 Padua, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIH, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. RP Bogner, P (reprint author), Bogner Org, 927 15th St, Santa Monica, CA 90403 USA. NR 3 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 442 IS 7106 BP 981 EP 981 DI 10.1038/442981a PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 078YF UT WOS:000240142000024 ER PT J AU Bausch, DG Nichol, ST Muyembe-Tamfum, JJ Borchert, M Rollin, PE Sleurs, H Campbell, P Tshioko, FK Roth, C Colebunders, R Pirard, P Mardel, S Olinda, LA Zeller, H Tshomba, A Kulidri, A Libande, ML Mulangu, S Formenty, P Grein, T Leirs, H Braack, L Ksiazek, T Zaki, S Bowen, MD Smit, SB Leman, PA Burt, FJ Kemp, A Swanepoel, R AF Bausch, Daniel G. Nichol, Stuart T. Muyembe-Tamfum, Jean Jacques Borchert, Matthias Rollin, Pierre E. Sleurs, Hilde Campbell, Patricia Tshioko, Florimund K. Roth, Catherine Colebunders, Robert Pirard, Patricia Mardel, Simon Olinda, Loku A. Zeller, Herve Tshomba, Antoine Kulidri, Amayo Libande, Modeste L. Mulangu, Sabue Formenty, Pierre Grein, Thomas Leirs, Herwig Braack, Leo Ksiazek, Tom Zaki, Sherif Bowen, Michael D. Smit, Sheilagh B. Leman, Patricia A. Burt, Felicity J. Kemp, Alan Swanepoel, Robert CA Int Sci Tech Comm Marbug TI Marburg hemorrhagic fever associated with multiple genetic lineages of virus SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EBOLA-VIRUS; OUTBREAK; CONGO; DISEASE; KIKWIT; GABON; REEMERGENCE; DECLINE AB Background: An outbreak of Marburg hemorrhagic fever was first observed in a gold-mining village in northeastern Democratic Republic of the Congo in October 1998. Methods: We investigated the outbreak of Marburg hemorrhagic fever most intensively in May and October 1999. Sporadic cases and short chains of human-to-human transmission continued to occur until September 2000. Suspected cases were identified on the basis of a case definition; cases were confirmed by the detection of virus antigen and nucleic acid in blood, cell culture, antibody responses, and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: A total of 154 cases (48 laboratory-confirmed and 106 suspected) were identified (case fatality rate, 83 percent); 52 percent of cases were in young male miners. Only 27 percent of these men reported having had contact with other affected persons, whereas 67 percent of patients who were not miners reported such contact (P < 0.001). Most of the affected miners (94 percent) worked in an underground mine. Cessation of the outbreak coincided with flooding of the mine. Epidemiologic evidence of multiple introductions of infection into the population was substantiated by the detection of at least nine genetically distinct lineages of virus in circulation during the outbreak. Conclusions: Marburg hemorrhagic fever can have a very high case fatality rate. Since multiple genetic variants of virus were identified, ongoing introduction of virus into the population helped perpetuate this outbreak. The findings imply that reservoir hosts of Marburg virus inhabit caves, mines, or similar habitats. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. Minist Hlth, Kinshasa, Zaire. Inst Natl Rech Biomed, Kinshasa, Zaire. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Med Sans Frontieres, Brussels, Belgium. Med Sans Frontieres, Amsterdam, Netherlands. World Hlth Org, Kinshasa, Zaire. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. Minist Hlth, Kisangani, Zaire. Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. Kilo Moto Hosp, Off Mines Or, Watsa, Zaire. Minist Hlth, Watsa, Zaire. Danish Pest Infestat Lab, Lyngby, Denmark. S African Natl Pk Board, Pretoria, South Africa. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Swanepoel, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Private Bag X4, ZA-2131 Johannesburg, South Africa. EM bobs@nicd.ac.za RI Leirs, Herwig/B-8197-2008 OI Leirs, Herwig/0000-0002-7612-5024 NR 41 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 2 U2 19 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 9 BP 909 EP 919 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa051465 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 078OM UT WOS:000240113100008 PM 16943403 ER PT J AU Damon, IK Roth, CE Chowdhary, V AF Damon, Inger K. Roth, Cathy E. Chowdhary, Vipul TI Discovery of monkeypox in Sudan SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Med Sans Frontieres, F-75011 Paris, France. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM iad7@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 9 BP 962 EP 963 DI 10.1056/NEJMc060792 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 078OM UT WOS:000240113100030 PM 16943415 ER PT J AU Zimet, GD Liddon, N Rosenthal, SL Lazcano-Ponce, E Allen, B AF Zimet, Gregory D. Liddon, Nicole Rosenthal, Susan L. Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo Allen, Betania TI Psychosocial aspects of vaccine acceptability SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE HPV vaccines; parental attitudes; health personnel ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-INFECTIONS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINES; CERVICAL-CANCER; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PARENTAL ACCEPTANCE; ADOLESCENT CHILDREN; YOUNG-WOMEN; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; IMMUNIZATION AB In this chapter we identify psychosocial issues that have been raised with respect to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and review the research literature on HPV vaccine acceptability. Many women and physicians have relatively poor knowledge about HPV, but despite this, most healthcare providers are willing to recommend HPV vaccination and parents are interested in having their children vaccinated. Concerns about post-vaccination sexual behavior change do not appear to be justified, but can certainly be addressed through anticipatory guidance. Most research studies have come out of the United States and other English-speaking industrialized countries. More psychosocial research regarding HPV vaccination is therefore needed from developing countries. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Sect Adolescent Med, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Div Adolescent & Behav Hlth, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Salud Poblac, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Zimet, GD (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Sect Adolescent Med, 575 N West Dr,Room 070, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. EM gzimet@iupui.edu OI Zimet, Gregory/0000-0003-3835-937X NR 47 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 24 SU 3 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.017 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 083PF UT WOS:000240470000026 ER PT J AU Sherris, J Friedman, A Wittet, S Davies, P Steben, M Saraiya, M AF Sherris, Jacqueline Friedman, Allison Wittet, Scott Davies, Philip Steben, Marc Saraiya, Mona TI Education, training, and communication for HPV vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE HPV; cervical cancer; vaccines; education; training ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CERVICAL-CANCER; RISK-FACTORS; IMMUNIZATION; ADOLESCENTS AB As human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines come to market, they will face education and training challenges similar to those of other new vaccines, along with HPV-specific issues. Recent studies document stark knowledge gaps about HPV at all levels - among policy makers, healthcare providers, parents, and teens - in both the industrialized and developing worlds. Pharmaceutical companies, public health advocates, medical trainers, and health educators need to understand their diverse audiences and respond appropriately to the needs of each. They also must use research-based communication strategies and materials to most effectively, and accurately, convey the need for an HPV vaccine and to manage expectations about how the vaccine can, and cannot, protect women and men. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 PATH, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. European Cerv Canc Assoc, Lyon, France. Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Med Conseil, Grp Aviseur VPH, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sherris, J (reprint author), PATH, 1455 NW Leary Way, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM sherris@path.org NR 38 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 24 SU 3 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.124 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 083PF UT WOS:000240470000027 ER PT J AU Hildesheim, A Markowitz, L Avila, MH Franceschi, S AF Hildesheim, Allan Markowitz, Lauri Avila, Mauricio Hernandez Franceschi, Silvia TI Research needs following initial licensure of virus-like particle HPV vaccines SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE human papillomavirus; post-licensure; vaccine; evaluation; review ID CANCER; EFFICACY; NEOPLASIA; TRIALS; SAFETY AB Human papillomavirus virus-like particle (HPV VLP) HPV vaccines currently evaluated for licensing are likely to be available soon. Licensure will be based on evidence that the vaccine is well tolerated and provides near complete type-specific protection against HPV infections and their resulting lesions in the first few years after vaccination. Several important questions will remain to be answered after licensure to guide vaccine implementation and to permit the rational evaluation of vaccination in cancer prevention programs. These include the long-term safety and efficacy of vaccination, the optimal ages for vaccination, efficacy against HPV types not included in the vaccine and against existing infections, and efficacy in males. Modulators of vaccine efficacy (e.g., HIV infection) and immune mechanisms of long-term protection also remain to be defined. The real-world effectiveness of vaccination programs will need to be assessed. Issues related to the implementation of a vaccine that targets pre-adolescents and early adolescents and to the acceptability of a cancer vaccine targeted against a sexually transmitted infection will need to be understood before vaccination programs can be successful. It is hoped that continued improvements to the current HPV vaccines will lead to the introduction in future years of second generation vaccines that simplify delivery and/or expand its coverage. Finally, the natural history of HPV types not covered in the candidate vaccines will need to be carefully studied following vaccination. Public health authorities in various countries will play a pivotal role in determining if these questions are answered in a timely manner. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Ctr Invest Salud Poblac, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Int Agcy Res Canc, Infect & Canc Epidemiol Grp, F-69372 Lyon, France. RP Hildesheim, A (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,Room 7062, Rockville, MD USA. EM hildesha@exchange.nih.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 31 PY 2006 VL 24 SU 3 BP 227 EP 232 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.102 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 083PF UT WOS:000240470000029 ER PT J AU Watson-Creed, G Saunders, A Scott, J Lowe, L Pettipas, J Hatchette, TF AF Watson-Creed, Gaynor Saunders, Andrea Scott, Jeffrey Lowe, Luis Pettipas, Janice Hatchette, Todd F. TI Two successive outbreaks of mumps in Nova Scotia among vaccinated adolescents and young adults SO CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID VIRUS AB Background: Before the widespread use of vaccine, mumps was the most common cause of viral meningitis (up to 10% of mumps infections). Vaccination programs have resulted in a drop of more than 99% in the number of reported mumps cases in the United States and Canada. Although rare in Canada, outbreaks have recently occurred throughout the world, including a large outbreak in the United Kingdom, where more than 56 000 cases were reported in 2004-2005. Methods: Two recent outbreaks in Nova Scotia were investigated by public health officials. Cases were defined by laboratory confirmation of infection (i. e., isolation of mumps virus by culture) or clinical diagnosis in people epidemiologically linked to a laboratory-confirmed case. The people infected were interviewed to determine possible links and to identify contacts. Mumps virus was cultured from urine and throat specimens, identified via reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and subjected to phylogenetic analysis to identify the origin of the strain. Results: The first outbreak involved 13 high-school students (median age 14 yr): 9 who had previously received 2 doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) and 4 who received a single dose. The second outbreak comprised 19 cases of mumps among students and some staff at a local university (median age 23 yr), of whom 18 had received only 1 dose of MMR (the other received a second dose). The viruses identified in the outbreaks were phylogenetically similar and belonged to a genotype commonly reported in the UK. The virus from the second outbreak is identical to the strain currently circulating in the UK and United States. Interpretation: The predominance in these outbreaks of infected people of university age not only highlights an environment with potential for increased transmission but also raises questions about the efficacy of the MMR vaccine. The people affected may represent a "lost cohort" who do not have immunity from natural mumps infection and were not offered a 2-dose schedule. Given the current level of mumps activity around the world, clinicians should remain vigilant for symptoms of mumps. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Nova Scotia Hlth Promot & Protect, Halifax, NS, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Halifax, NS, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Pediat, Halifax, NS, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Pathol, Halifax, NS, Canada. QEII Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Halifax, NS, Canada. Publ Hlth Agcy Canada, Canadian Field Epidemiol Program, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Watson-Creed, G (reprint author), Publ Hlth Serv, 201 Brownlow Ave,Unit 4, Dartmouth, NS B3B 1W2, Canada. EM gaynor.watson-creed@cdha.nshealth.ca NR 19 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU CMA MEDIA INC PI OTTAWA PA 1867 ALTA VISTA DR, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1G 3Y6, CANADA SN 0820-3946 J9 CAN MED ASSOC J JI Can. Med. Assoc. J. PD AUG 29 PY 2006 VL 175 IS 5 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1503/cmaj.060660 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 074WH UT WOS:000239842000014 PM 16940266 ER PT J AU Huebner, D Smith, S Safranek, T O'Keefe, A Lopez, A Marin, M Guris, D Date, A AF Huebner, D. Smith, S. Safranek, T. O'Keefe, A. Lopez, A. Marin, M. Guris, D. Date, A. TI Varicella outbreak among vaccinated children - Nebraska, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 749-752, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Hershey Elementary Sch, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. W Cent Dist Hlth Dept, N Platte, NE USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. CDC, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Huebner, D (reprint author), Hershey Elementary Sch, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 8 BP 925 EP + PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 076AL UT WOS:000239929300010 ER PT J AU Chang, DC Grant, GB O'Donnell, K Wannemuehler, KA Noble-Wang, J Rao, CY Jacobson, LM Crowell, CS Sneed, RS Lewis, FMT Schaffzin, JK Kainer, MA Genese, CA Alfonso, EC Jones, DB Srinivasan, A Fridkin, SK Park, BJ AF Chang, Douglas C. Grant, Gavin B. O'Donnell, Kerry Wannemuehler, Kathleen A. Noble-Wang, Judith Rao, Carol Y. Jacobson, Lara M. Crowell, Claudia S. Sneed, Rodlescia S. Lewis, Felicia M. T. Schaffzin, Joshua K. Kainer, Marion A. Genese, Carol A. Alfonso, Eduardo C. Jones, Dan B. Srinivasan, Arjun Fridkin, Scott K. Park, Benjamin J. CA Fusarium Keratitis Investigation T TI Multistate outbreak of Fusarium keratitis associated with use of a contact lens solution SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ULCERATIVE KERATITIS; MICROBIAL KERATITIS; FUNGAL KERATITIS; CORNEAL ULCERS; SOUTH FLORIDA; RISK-FACTORS; DAILY-WEAR; SPECTRUM; INFECTIONS; SINGAPORE AB Context Fusarium keratitis is a serious corneal infection, most commonly associated with corneal injury. Beginning in March 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention received multiple reports of Fusarium keratitis among contact lens wearers. Objective To define the specific activities, contact lens hygiene practices, or products associated with this outbreak. Design, Setting, and Participants Epidemiological investigation of Fusarium keratitis occurring in the United States. A confirmed case was defined as keratitis with illness onset after June 1, 2005, with no history of recent ocular trauma and a corneal culture growing Fusarium species. Data were obtained by patient and ophthalmologist interviews for case patients and neighborhood-matched controls by trained personnel. Available Fusarium isolates from patients' clinical and environmental specimens were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing. Environmental sampling for Fusarium was conducted at a contact lens solution manufacturing plant. Main Outcome Measures Keratitis infection with Fusarium species. Results As of June 30, 2006, we identified 164 confirmed case patients in 33 states and 1 US territory. Median age was 41 years (range, 12-83 years). Corneal transplantation was required or planned in 55 (34%). One hundred fifty-four (94%) of the confirmed case patients wore soft contact lenses. Forty-five case patients and 78 controls were included in the case-control study. Case patients were significantly more likely than controls to report using a specific contact lens solution, ReNu with MoistureLoc (69% vs 15%; odds ratio, 13.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.1-119.5). The prevalence of reported use of ReNu MultiPlus solution was similar between case patients and controls (18% vs 20%; odds ratio, 0.7; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-2.8). Fusarium was not recovered from the factory, warehouse, solution filtrate, or unopened solution bottles; production of implicated lots was not clustered in time. Among 39 isolates tested, at least 10 different Fusarium species were identified, comprising 19 unique multilocus genotypes. Conclusions The findings from this investigation indicate that this outbreak of Fusarium keratitis was associated with use of ReNu with MoistureLoc contact lens solution. Contact lens users should not use ReNu with MoistureLoc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis & Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Elect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Career Dev Div, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. ARS, Microbial Genom Res Unit, Natl Ctr Agr Utilizat Res, USDA, Peoria, IL USA. Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL USA. Philadelphia Dept Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Bascom Palmer Eye Inst, Miami, FL USA. Baylor Coll Med, Cullen Eye Inst, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Chang, DC (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DChang@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 275 Z9 284 U1 8 U2 17 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 8 BP 953 EP 963 DI 10.1001/jama.296.8.953 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 076AL UT WOS:000239929300025 PM 16926355 ER PT J AU Xu, FJ Sternberg, MR Kottiri, BJ McQuillan, GM Lee, FK Nahmias, AJ Berman, SM Markowitz, LE AF Xu, Fujie Sternberg, Maya R. Kottiri, Benny J. McQuillan, Geraldine M. Lee, Francis K. Nahmias, Andre J. Berman, Stuart M. Markowitz, Lauri E. TI Trends in herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 seroprevalence in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID GENITAL HERPES; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; GLYCOPROTEIN-G; RISK FACTOR; INFECTION; ACQUISITION; TRANSMISSION; MEN; ANTIBODIES; METAANALYSIS AB Context Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 are common infections worldwide. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is the cause of most genital herpes and is almost always sexually transmitted. In contrast, HSV-1 is usually transmitted during childhood via nonsexual contacts. Preexisting HSV-1 antibodies can alleviate clinical manifestations of subsequently acquired HSV-2. Furthermore, HSV-1 has become an important cause of genital herpes in some developed countries. Objective To examine trends in HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence in the United States in 1999-2004 compared with 1988-1994. Design, Settings, and Participants Cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys (US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys [ NHANES]), were used to compare national seroprevalence estimates from 1999-2004 with those from 19881994, and changes in HSV-1 and HSV-2 seroprevalence since 1976-1980 were reviewed. Persons aged 14 to 49 years were included in these analyses. Main Outcome Measures Seroprevalence of HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies based on results from type-specific immunodot assays; diagnosis of genital herpes. Results The overall age-adjusted HSV-2 seroprevalence was 17.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.8%-18.3%) in 1999-2004 and 21.0% (95% CI, 19.1%-23.1%) in 1988-1994, a relative decrease of 19.0% between the 2 surveys (95% CI, -28.6% to -9.5%; P < .001). Decreases in HSV-2 seroprevalence were especially concentrated in persons aged 14 to 19 years between 1988 and 2004. In adolescents aged 17 to 19 years and young adults, the decreases in HSV-2 seroprevalence were significant even after adjusting for changes in sexual behaviors. Among those infected with HSV-2, the percentage who reported having been diagnosed with genital herpes was statistically different (14.3% in 1999-2004 and 9.9% in 1988-1994; P =.02). Seroprevalence of HSV-1 decreased from 62.0% (95% CI, 59.6%-64.6%) in 1988-1994 to 57.7% (95% CI, 55.9%-59.5%) in 1999-2004, a relative decrease of 6.9% between the 2 surveys (95% CI, -11.6% to -2.3%; P =. 006). Among persons infected with HSV-1 but not with HSV-2, a higher percentage reported having been diagnosed with genital herpes in 1999-2004 compared with 1988-1994 (1.8% vs 0.4%, respectively; P < .001). Conclusions These data show declines in HSV-2 seroprevalence, suggesting that the trajectory of increasing HSV-2 seroprevalence in the United States has been reversed. Seroprevalence of HSV-1 decreased but the incidence of genital herpes caused by HSV-1 may be increasing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Xu, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-02,160 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fax1@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 516 Z9 535 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 23 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 8 BP 964 EP 973 DI 10.1001/jama.296.8.964 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 076AL UT WOS:000239929300026 PM 16926356 ER PT J AU He, XQ Chen, MG Lin, GX Ma, Q AF He, Xiaoqing Chen, Michael G. Lin, Gary X. Ma, Qiang TI Arsenic induces NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase I by disrupting the Nrf2 center dot Keap1 center dot CuI3 complex and recruiting Nrf2 center dot Maf to the antioxidant response element enhancer SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NRF2; ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; SUBSTRATE ADAPTER PROTEIN; CUL3-BASED E3 LIGASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; QUINONE REDUCTASE; ENZYME INDUCERS; GENE-EXPRESSION; KEAP1; INDUCTION AB The ubiquitous toxic metalloid arsenic elicits pleiotropic adverse and adaptive responses in mammalian species. The biological targets of arsenic are largely unknown at present. We analyzed the signaling pathway for induction of detoxification gene NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase (Nqo1) by arsenic. Genetic and biochemical evidence revealed that induction required cap 'n' collar basic leucine zipper transcription factor Nrf2 and the antioxidant response element (ARE) of Nqo1. Arsenic stabilized Nrf2 protein, extending the t(1/2) of Nrf2 from 21 to 200 min by inhibiting the Keap1(.)Cul3-dependent ubiquitination and proteasomal turnover of Nrf2. Arsenic markedly inhibited the ubiquitination of Nrf2 but did not disrupt the Nrf2(.)Keap1(.)Cul3 association in the cytoplasm. In the nucleus, arsenic, but not phenolic antioxidant tert-butylhydroquinone, dissociated Nrf2 from Keap1 and Cul3 followed by dimerization of Nrf2 with a Maf protein (Maf G/Maf K). Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that Nrf2 and Maf associated with the endogenous Nqo1 ARE enhancer constitutively. Arsenic substantially increased the ARE occupancy by Nrf2 and Maf. In addition, Keap1 was shown to be ubiquitinated in the cytoplasm and deubiquitinated in the nucleus in the presence of arsenic without changing the protein level, implicating nuclear-cytoplasmic recycling of Keap1. Our data reveal that arsenic activates the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway through a distinct mechanism from that by antioxidants and suggest an "onswitch" model of Nqo1 transcription in which the binding of Nrf2(.)Maf to ARE controls both the basal and inducible expression of Nqo1. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HELD, TMBB,Receptor Biol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, HELD, TMBB,Receptor Biol Lab, Mailstop 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM qam1@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 94 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD AUG 18 PY 2006 VL 281 IS 33 BP 23620 EP 23631 DI 10.1074/jbc.M604120200 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 072WE UT WOS:000239702900037 PM 16785233 ER PT J AU Moran, GJ Krishnadasan, A Gorwitz, RJ Fosheim, GE McDougal, LK Carey, RB Talan, DA AF Moran, Gregory J. Krishnadasan, Anusha Gorwitz, Rachel J. Fosheim, Gregory E. McDougal, Linda K. Carey, Roberta B. Talan, David A. CA EMERGEncy ID Net Study Grp TI Methicillin-resistant S-aureus infections among patients in the emergency department SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INDUCIBLE CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE; VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN GENES; SOFT-TISSUE INFECTIONS; SKIN INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; PNEUMONIA; ABSCESSES; STRAINS; DISEASE; SEPSIS AB BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasingly recognized in infections among persons in the community without established risk factors for MRSA. METHODS: We enrolled adult patients with acute, purulent skin and soft-tissue infections presenting to 11 university-affiliated emergency departments during the month of August 2004. Cultures were obtained, and clinical information was collected. Available S. aureus isolates were characterized by antimicrobial-susceptibility testing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and detection of toxin genes. On MRSA isolates, we performed typing of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), the genetic element that carries the mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance. RESULTS S. aureus: was isolated from 320 of 422 patients with skin and soft-tissue infections (76 percent). The prevalence of MRSA was 59 percent overall and ranged from 15 to 74 percent. Pulsed-field type USA300 isolates accounted for 97 percent of MRSA isolates; 74 percent of these were a single strain (USA300-0114). SCCmec type IV and the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin gene were detected in 98 percent of MRSA isolates. Other toxin genes were detected rarely. Among the MRSA isolates, 95 percent were susceptible to clindamycin, 6 percent to erythromycin, 60 percent to fluoroquinolones, 100 percent to rifampin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 92 percent to tetracycline. Antibiotic therapy was not concordant with the results of susceptibility testing in 100 of 175 patients with MRSA infection who received antibiotics (57 percent). Among methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates, 31 percent were USA300 and 42 percent contained pvl genes. CONCLUSIONS: MRSA is the most common identifiable cause of skin and soft-tissue infections among patients presenting to emergency departments in 11 U.S. cities. When antimicrobial therapy is indicated for the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections, clinicians should consider obtaining cultures and modifying empirical therapy to provide MRSA coverage. C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moran, GJ (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 14445 Olive View Dr,N Annex, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. EM idnet@ucla.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU912342] NR 39 TC 1367 Z9 1403 U1 43 U2 223 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 17 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 7 BP 666 EP 674 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa055356 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 074AN UT WOS:000239784500005 PM 16914702 ER PT J AU Wolitski, RJ Henny, KD Lyles, CM Purcell, DW Carey, JW Crepaz, N O'Leary, A Mastro, TD Cleveland, JC Nakashima, AK Janssen, RS AF Wolitski, R. J. Henny, K. D. Lyles, C. M. Purcell, D. W. Carey, J. W. Crepaz, N. O'Leary, A. Mastro, T. D. Cleveland, J. C. Nakashima, A. K. Janssen, R. S. TI Evolution of HIV/AIDS prevention programs - United States, 1981- 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 597-603, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wolitski, RJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Viral Hepatitis STD & TB Preven, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 16 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 7 BP 760 EP 762 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 073SR UT WOS:000239763400010 ER PT J AU Stringer, JSA Zulu, I Levy, J Stringer, EM Mwango, A Chi, BH Mtonga, V Reid, S Cantrell, RA Bulterys, M Saag, MS Marlink, RG Mwinga, A Ellerbrock, TV Sinkala, M AF Stringer, Jeffrey S. A. Zulu, Isaac Levy, Jens Stringer, Elizabeth M. Mwango, Albert Chi, Benjamin H. Mtonga, Vilepe Reid, Stewart Cantrell, Ronald A. Bulterys, Marc Saag, Michael S. Marlink, Richard G. Mwinga, Alwyn Ellerbrock, Tedd V. Sinkala, Moses TI Rapid scale-up of Antiretroviral therapy at primary care sites in Zambia - Feasibility and early outcomes SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE; TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS; RURAL DISTRICT; SURVIVAL; AFRICA; COHORT; INFECTION; MALAWI; HIV; PROGRESSION AB Context The Zambian Ministry of Health has scaled-up human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) care and treatment services at primary care clinics in Lusaka, using predominately nonphysician clinicians. Objective To report on the feasibility and early outcomes of the program. Design, Setting, and Patients Open cohort evaluation of antiretroviral-naive adults treated at 18 primary care facilities between April 26, 2004, and November 5, 2005. Data were entered in real time into an electronic patient tracking system. Intervention Those meeting criteria for antiretroviral therapy ( ART) received drugs according to Zambian national guidelines. Main Outcome Measures Survival, regimen failure rates, and CD4 cell response. Results We enrolled 21 755 adults into HIV care, and 16 198 (75%) started ART. Among those starting ART, 9864 (61%) were women. Of 15 866 patients with documented World Health Organization ( WHO) staging, 11 573 (73%) were stage III or IV, and the mean (SD) entry CD4 cell count among the 15 336 patients with a baseline result was 143/mu L (123/mu L). Of 1142 patients receiving ART who died, 1120 had a reliable date of death. Of these patients, 792 (71%) died within 90 days of starting therapy ( early mortality rate: 26 per 100 patient-years), and 328 (29%) died after 90 days (post-90-day mortality rate: 5.0 per 100 patient-years). In multivariable analysis, mortality was strongly associated with CD4 cell count between 50/mu L and 199/mu L ( adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.0), CD4 cell count less than 50/mu L ( AHR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.5-3.1), WHO stage III disease ( AHR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.4), WHO stage IV disease ( AHR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.0-4.3), low body mass index ( <16; AHR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.8-3.2), severe anemia (<8.0 g/ dL; AHR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.3-4.0), and poor adherence to therapy ( AHR, 2.9; 95% CI, 2.2-3.9). Of 11 714 patients at risk, 861 failed therapy by clinical criteria ( rate, 13 per 100 patient-years). The mean ( SD) CD4 cell count increase was 175/mu L (174/mu L) in 1361 of 1519 patients (90%) receiving treatment long enough to have a 12-month repeat. Conclusion Massive scale-up of HIV and AIDS treatment services with good clinical outcomes is feasible in primary care settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Most mortality occurs early, suggesting that earlier diagnosis and treatment may improve outcomes. C1 Ctr Infect Dis Res Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Teaching Hosp, Lusaka, Zambia. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Zambian Minist Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Lusaka, Zambia. Elizabeth Glaser Pediat AIDS Fdn, Santa Monica, CA USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Lusaka Urban Dist Hlth Management Board, Lusaka, Zambia. RP Stringer, JSA (reprint author), Ctr Infect Dis Res Zambia, Plot 1275 Lubutu Rd,POB 34681, Lusaka, Zambia. EM stringer@uab.edu OI Reid, Stewart/0000-0001-7779-4820 FU FIC NIH HHS [K01-TW05708, K01-TW06670]; NIAID NIH HHS [K23-AI01411, P30-AI027767]; PHS HHS [U62/CCU12354] NR 40 TC 471 Z9 483 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 16 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 7 BP 782 EP 793 DI 10.1001/jama.296.7.782 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 073SR UT WOS:000239763400019 PM 16905784 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Song, RG Gerstle, JE Lee, LM AF Hall, H. Irene Song, Ruiguang Gerstle, John E., III Lee, Lisa M. CA HIVAIDS Reporting System TI Assessing the completeness of reporting of human immunodeficiency virus diagnoses in 2002-2003: Capture-recapture methods SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; capture-recapture; HIV ID AIDS SURVEILLANCE; MODEL SELECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LIMITATIONS; STATES AB To determine the completeness of reporting of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnoses to state surveillance systems, the authors used capture-recapture methods. The numbers of cases diagnosed in the areas were estimated using HIV diagnoses reported to nine surveillance programs by different sources (e.g., laboratories, health-care providers). To account for dependencies between reporting sources, the authors used log-linear models to estimate the number of cases that had been diagnosed but were not identified by any reporting sources. Completeness of reporting (observed cases/expected cases) was determined for two time frames: cases diagnosed within a 1-year period (from October 1, 2002, to September 30, 2003, for most US states) reported up to 6 months after that diagnosis period and cases diagnosed within a 6-month period reported up to 12 months after that diagnosis period. A total of 11,266 HIV diagnoses were reported for the 1-year period with 21,589 report documents. Completeness of reporting of HIV diagnoses was 76% (95% confidence interval: 66, 83) when allowing 6 months of reporting delay (range: 72-95%) and improved to 81% (95% confidence interval: 72, 88) with 12 months' follow-up. When reporting systems retain all relevant documents, capture-recapture is a feasible approach for assessing completeness of reporting of HIV diagnoses. Completeness should be measured by allowing 12-months' reporting delay. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ixh1@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 4 BP 391 EP 397 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj216 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 073SL UT WOS:000239762800014 PM 16772373 ER PT J AU Horsburgh, CR Sterling, TR Bethel, J Weinfurter, P Goldberg, S Yun, L AF Horsburgh, C. Robert Sterling, Timothy R. Bethel, James Weinfurter, Paul Goldberg, Stefan Yun, Lourdes TI The scope and impact of treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States and Canada SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Denver Publ Hlth & Hosp Author, Denver, CO USA. RP Horsburgh, CR (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 174 IS 4 BP 481 EP 481 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 074FG UT WOS:000239797500022 ER PT J AU Li, Z Romanoff, LC Trinidad, DA Hussain, N Jones, RS Porter, EN Patterson, DG Sjodin, A AF Li, Zheng Romanoff, Lovisa C. Trinidad, Debra A. Hussain, Nasira Jones, Richard S. Porter, Erin N. Patterson, Donald G., Jr. Sjodin, Andreas TI Measurement of urinary monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using automated liquid-liquid extraction and gas chromatography/isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; REFERENCE RANGE LEVELS; RISK-ASSESSMENT; US POPULATION; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; CANCER RISK; METABOLITES; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; HYDROLYSIS; ADDUCTS AB A method for the measurement of 24 hydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites (OH-PAHs) in urine has been developed. The method is based on enzymatic deconjugation, automated liquid-liquid extraction, and gas chromatography/isotope dilution high-resolution mass spectrometry after derivatization of the OH-PAHs to the trimethylsilylated derivatives. The metabolites included in the current method are formed from eight different parent compounds. The limits of detection were below 7 pg/mL when using a sample size of 2 mL of urine, except for 1- and 2-naphthols ( 18 and 12 pg/mL, respectively). The enzymatic deconjugation efficiency, verified by deconjugation of urine samples spiked with alpha-naphthyl beta-D-glucuronide sodium salt (1-NAP-GLU) and pyrene-1-sulfate potassium salt (1-PYR-SULF), was determined to be 97% for 1-NAP-GLU conjugate and 84% for 1-PYR-SULF. The overall coefficients of variance for six batches of quality control samples (n =) 42), was 2.9-11%. Mean method recoveries of the C-13-labeled internal standards were 66-72%, except for C-13(6)-1-naphthol (46%). The throughput of this method has been determined to be 40 samples per day per analyst. This method is currently applied to epidemiological studies, such as the National Exposure and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), to measure human exposure to PAHs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sjodin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM asjodin@cdc.gov RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 NR 33 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 16 BP 5744 EP 5751 DI 10.1021/ac0606094 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 073DO UT WOS:000239723200016 PM 16906719 ER PT J AU Sisk, JE Hebert, PL Horowitz, CR McLaughlin, MA Wang, JJ Chassin, MR AF Sisk, Jane E. Hebert, Paul L. Horowitz, Carol R. McLaughlin, Mary Ann Wang, Jason J. Chassin, Mark R. TI Effects of nurse management on the quality of heart failure care in minority communities - A randomized trial SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE MANAGEMENT; ELDERLY PATIENTS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; HIGH-RISK; STRATEGIES; OUTCOMES; READMISSION; PERFORMANCE; IMPUTATION; SURVIVAL AB Background: Despite therapies proven effective for heart failure with systolic dysfunction, the condition continues to cause substantial hospitalization, disability, and death, especially among African-American and other nonwhite populations. Objective: To compare the effects of a nurse-led intervention focused on specific management problems versus usual care among ethnically diverse patients with systolic dysfunction in ambulatory care practices. Design: Randomized effectiveness trial conducted from September 2000 to September 2002. Setting: The 4 hospitals in Harlem, New York. Patients: 406 adults (45.8% were non-Hispanic black adults, 32.5% were Hispanic adults, 46.3% were women, and 36.7% were >= 65 years of age) who met eligibility criteria: systolic dysfunction, English- or Spanish-language speakers, community-dwelling patients, and ambulatory care practice patients. Intervention: During a 12-month intervention, bilingual nurses counseled patients on diet, medication adherence, and self-management of symptoms through an initial visit and regularly scheduled follow-up telephone calls and facilitated evidence-based changes to medicabons in discussions with patients' clinicians. Measurements: Hospitalizations (in 406 of 406 patients during follow-up) and self-reported functioning (in 286 of 406 patients during follow-up) at 12 months. Results: At 12 months, nurse management patients had had fewer hospitalizations (143 hospitalizations vs. 180 hospitalizations; adjusted difference, -0.13 hospitalization/ person-year [95% CI, -0.25 to -0.001 hospitalization/person-year]) than usual care patients. They also had better functioning: The Short Form-12 physical component score was 39.9 versus 36.3, respectively (difference, 3.6 [CI, 1.2 to 6.11), and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire score was 38.6 versus 47.3, respectively (difference, -8.8 [CI, -15.3 to -2.2]). Through 12 months, 22 deaths occurred in each group and percentages of patients who were hospitalized at least once were similar in each group (30.5% of nurse management patients vs. 36.5% of control patients; adjusted difference, -7.1 percentage points [CI, -16.9 to 2.6 percentage points]). Limitations: Three nurses at 4 hospitals delivered interventions in this modest-sized trial, and 75% of the participants were from 1 site. It is not clear which aspects of the complex intervention accounted for the results. Conclusions: Nurse management can improve functioning and modestly lower hospitalizations in ethnically diverse ambulatory care patients who have heart failure with systolic dysfunction. Sustaining improved functioning may require continuing nurse contact. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Sisk, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 3418,331 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jsisk@cdc.gov FU AHRQ HHS [R01 HS 10402, R01 HS010402]; NIMHD NIH HHS [P60 MD000270] NR 40 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 5 U2 10 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 4 BP 273 EP 283 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 075CC UT WOS:000239858800005 PM 16908918 ER PT J AU Wilcox, S Ananian, CD Abbott, J Vrazel, J Ramsey, C Sharpe, PA Brady, T AF Wilcox, Sara Ananian, Cheryl Der Abbott, Jill Vrazel, Joellen Ramsey, Cornelia Sharpe, Patricia A. Brady, Teresa TI Perceived exercise barriers, enablers, and benefits among exercising and nonexercising adults with arthritis: Results from a qualitative study SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE arthritis; exercise; barriers; benefits ID SENIORS TRIAL FAST; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; OLDER ADULTS; OSTEOARTHRITIS; KNEE; PARTICIPATION; INTERVENTIONS; PREVENTION; GUIDELINES AB Objective. Rates of participation in regular exercise are lower among individuals with arthritis than those without arthritis. This study examined perceived exercise barriers, benefits, and enablers in exercising and nonexercising adults with arthritis. Methods. Twelve focus groups were conducted with 68 adults with arthritis. Groups were segmented by exercise status, socioeconomic status, and race. Focus group discussions were transcribed verbatim and coded. NVivo software was used to extract themes for exercisers and nonexercisers. Results. A wide range of physical, psychological, social, and environmental factors were perceived to influence exercise. Some of these factors were similar to those in general adult samples, whereas others were unique to individuals with chronic disease. Symptoms of arthritis were barriers to exercise, yet improvements in these outcomes were also seen as potential benefits of and motivations for exercise. Exercisers had experienced these benefits and were more likely to have adapted their exercise to accommodate the disease, whereas nonexercisers desired these benefits and were more likely to have stopped exercising since developing arthritis. Health care providers' advice to exercise and the availability of arthritis-specific programs were identified as needs. Conclusion. This study has implications for how to market exercise to individuals with arthritis and how communities and health care professionals can facilitate the uptake of exercise. These implications are discussed. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ctr Comprehens Canc, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wilcox, S (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, 1300 Wheat St Blatt, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM swilcox@sc.edu NR 37 TC 113 Z9 118 U1 7 U2 48 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 55 IS 4 BP 616 EP 627 DI 10.1002/art.22098 PG 12 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 073PX UT WOS:000239756200018 PM 16874785 ER PT J AU Malone, KE Daling, JR Doody, DR Hsu, L Bernstein, L Coates, RJ Marchbanks, PA Simon, MS McDonald, JA Norman, SA Strom, BL Burkman, RT Ursin, G Deapen, D Weiss, LK Folger, S Madeoy, JJ Friedrichsen, DM Suter, NM Humphrey, MC Spirtas, R Ostrander, EA AF Malone, Kathleen E. Daling, Janet R. Doody, David R. Hsu, Li Bernstein, Leslie Coates, Ralph J. Marchbanks, Polly A. Simon, Michael S. McDonald, Jill A. Norman, Sandra A. Strom, Brian L. Burkman, Ronald T. Ursin, Giske Deapen, Dennis Weiss, Linda K. Folger, Suzanne Madeoy, Jennifer J. Friedrichsen, Danielle M. Suter, Nicola M. Humphrey, Mariela C. Spirtas, Robert Ostrander, Elaine A. TI Prevalence and predictors of BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations in a population-based study of breast cancer in white and black American women ages 35 to 64 years SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OVARIAN-CANCER; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; FAMILY-HISTORY; GERMLINE MUTATIONS; INHERITED MUTATIONS; ASHKENAZI JEWS; GENE-MUTATIONS; CASE SERIES; RISK; PENETRANCE AB Although well studied in families at high-risk, the roles of mutations in the BRCA-1 and BRCA2 genes are poorly understood in breast cancers in the general population, particularly in Black women and in age groups outside of the very young. We examined the prevalence and predictors of BRCA-1 and BRCA2 mutations in 1,628 women with breast cancer and 674 women without breast cancer who participated in a multicenter population-based case-control study of Black and White women, 35 to 64 years of age. Among cases, 2.4% and 2.3% carried deleterious mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, respectively. BRCA1 mutations were significantly more common in White (2.9%) versus Black (1.4%) cases and in Jewish (10.2%) versus non-Jewish (2.0%) cases; BRCA2 mutations were slightly more frequent in Black (2.6%) versus White (2.1%) cases. Numerous familial and demographic factors were significantly associated with BRCA1 and, to a lesser extent, BRCA2 carrier status, when examined individually. In models considering all predictors together, early onset ages in cases and in relatives, family history of ovarian cancer, and Jewish ancestry remained strongly and significantly predictive of BRCA-1 carrier status, whereas BRCA2 predictors were fewer and more modest in magnitude. Both the combinations of predictors and effect sizes varied across racial/ethnic and age groups. These results provide first-time prevalence estimates for BRCA1/BRCA2 in breast cancer cases among understudied racial and age groups and show key predictors of mutation carrier status for both White and Black women and women of a wide age spectrum with breast cancer in the general population. C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Human Biol & Clin Res, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Norris Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Wayne State Univ, Div Hematol & Oncol, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Bay State Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. Univ Oslo, Dept Nutr, N-0316 Oslo, Norway. Natl Canc Inst, Canc Ctr Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Branch, Ctr Populat Biol, DHHS,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NHGRI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Malone, KE (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, POB 19024,Mailstop M4-C308, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM kmalone@fhcrc.org OI Ostrander, Elaine/0000-0001-6075-9738 FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01-CN-0532, N01-CN-65064, N01-CN-67010, N01-PC-67006, T32 CA080416]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01 HD 3-3175, N01 HD 2-3166, N01 HD 3-3168, N01 HD 3-3174, N01 HD 3-3176, Y01 HD 7022] NR 50 TC 110 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 66 IS 16 BP 8297 EP 8308 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-0503 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 074QZ UT WOS:000239828200061 PM 16912212 ER PT J AU Brooks, JT Ochieng, JB Kumar, L Okoth, G Shapiro, RL Wells, JG Bird, M Bopp, C Chege, W Beatty, ME Chiller, T Vulule, JM Mintz, E Slutsker, L AF Brooks, John T. Ochieng, John Benjamin Kumar, Lata Okoth, George Shapiro, Roger L. Wells, Joy G. Bird, Michele Bopp, Cheryl Chege, Wairimu Beatty, Mark E. Chiller, Tom Vulule, John M. Mintz, Eric Slutsker, Laurence TI Surveillance for bacterial diarrhea and antimicrobial resistance in rural western Kenya, 1997-2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 53rd Annual Conference of the Centers-for-Disease-Control-and-Prevention-Epidemic-Intelligence-Service CY APR 19-23, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Epidem Intelligence Serv ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENTEROAGGREGATIVE ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PCR; DYSENTERY; SEQUENCE AB Background. Diarrhea is a major cause of preventable illness in sub-Saharan Africa. Although most cases of bacterial gastroenteritis do not require antimicrobial treatment, antimicrobial use is widespread. We examined the bacterial causes of diarrhea and monitored antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates through clinic-based surveillance in a rural Kenyan community. Methods. From May 1997 through April 2003, diarrheal stool samples from persons presenting to 4 sentinel health centers were cultured by standard techniques for routine bacterial enteric pathogens, for which antimicrobial susceptibilities were determined. A random subset of specimens was also evaluated for diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Results. Among stool specimens from 3445 persons, 1092 (32%) yielded at least 1 bacterial pathogen. Shigella species was most commonly isolated ( responsible for 16% of all illnesses; 54% of isolates were Shigella flexneri). Campylobacter species and diarrheagenic E. coli predominated among children aged ! 5 years and were progressively replaced by Shigella species with increasing age. With the exception of Campylobacter species, susceptibility to the antimicrobials used most widely in the community was low: < 40% for all isolates tested and < 25% for Shigella species. Most persons were treated with an antimicrobial to which their isolate was resistant. Susceptibility to specific antimicrobials was inversely proportional to the frequency with which they were prescribed. Conclusions. The utility of available antimicrobials for treating bacterial diarrhea in rural western Kenya is substantially limited by reduced susceptibility. More judicious use of appropriate antimicrobials is warranted. Efforts to prevent illness through provision of clean water, improved hygiene, and vaccine development should be strengthened. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Brooks, JT (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV TB & STD Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zud4@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1086/505866 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 063XN UT WOS:000239053300001 PM 16838225 ER PT J AU Nataro, JP Mai, V Johnson, J Blackwelder, WC Heimer, R Tirrell, S Edberg, SC Braden, CR Morris, JG Hirshon, JM AF Nataro, James P. Mai, Volker Johnson, Judith Blackwelder, William C. Heimer, Robert Tirrell, Shirley Edberg, Stephen C. Braden, Christopher R. Glenn Morris, J., Jr. Hirshon, Jon Mark TI Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli infection in Baltimore, Maryland, and New Haven, Connecticut SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; FEATURES; STRAINS; O157-H7 AB Background. Diarrhea remains a common complaint among US patients who seek medical attention. Methods. We performed a prospective study to determine the etiology of diarrheal illness among patients and control subjects of all ages presenting to the emergency departments and outpatient clinics of 2 large academic hospitals in Baltimore, Maryland, and New Haven, Connecticut. We used molecular methods to detect the presence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes, including enteroaggregative E. coli ( EAEC), as well as Shiga toxin producing, cytodetaching, enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenic E. coli. Results. Of the pathotypes sought, only EAEC was found in an appreciable proportion (4.5%) of case patients, and it was found more frequently among case patients than control subjects (). Surprisingly, EAEC was the P <.02 most common bacterial cause of diarrhea in our population. EAEC was common in all age strata and was not associated with foreign travel or immunodeficiency. EAEC infection is frequently accompanied by fever and abdominal pain, though this did not happen more frequently in patients with EAEC infection than in patients with diarrhea due to other causes. Conclusions. Our data suggest that EAEC infection should be considered among persons with diarrhea that does not yield another known etiologic agent. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Baltimore Vet Adm Hosp, Baltimore, MD USA. Yale Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nataro, JP (reprint author), 685 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM jnataro@medicine.umaryland.edu OI Hirshon, Jon Mark/0000-0002-5247-529X FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [U01CI000296]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI33096] NR 17 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 402 EP 407 DI 10.1086/505867 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 063XN UT WOS:000239053300002 PM 16838226 ER PT J AU Ortiz, JR Shay, DK Liedtke, LA Bresee, JS Strausbaugh, LJ AF Ortiz, Justin R. Shay, David K. Liedtke, Laura A. Bresee, Joseph S. Strausbaugh, Larry J. TI A national survey of the infectious diseases society of America emerging infections network concerning neuraminidase inhibitor prescription practices and pandemic influenza preparations SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB This report summarizes the findings of a national survey of infectious diseases consultants regarding their use of neuraminidase inhibitors and the status of their planning for an influenza pandemic. The respondents indicated that government stockpiles should be increased, that many have received requests for antiviral medications, and that additional recommendations regarding the appropriate use of antiviral medications would be helpful. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Portland, OR USA. RP Ortiz, JR (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dzv3@cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU112346] NR 12 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 494 EP 497 DI 10.1086/505975 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 063XN UT WOS:000239053300016 PM 16838240 ER PT J AU Braden, CR AF Braden, Christopher R. TI Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis and eggs: A national epidemic in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; PHAGE TYPE-4; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; HENS AB Beginning in the 1970s, the incidence of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis ( SE) infection and the number of related outbreaks in the United States has increased dramatically. By 1994, SE was the most commonly reported Salmonella serotype, with an incidence of > 10 laboratory-confirmed infections per 100,000 population in the Northeast. Intensive epidemiologic and laboratory investigations identified shell eggs as the major vehicle for SE infection in humans, and that the eggs had been internally contaminated by transovarian transmission of SE in the laying hen. Three key interventions aimed at preventing the contamination and growth of SE in eggs have included farm-based programs to prevent SE from being introduced into egg-laying flocks, early and sustained refrigeration of shell eggs, and education of consumers and food workers about the risk of consuming raw or undercooked eggs. Since 1996, the incidence of SE infection in humans has decreased greatly, although many cases and outbreaks due to SE contaminated eggs continue to occur. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Braden, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CBraden@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 186 Z9 198 U1 0 U2 26 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 4 BP 512 EP 517 DI 10.1086/505973 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 063XN UT WOS:000239053300019 PM 16838242 ER PT J AU Song, Q Cole, JW O'Connell, JR Stine, OC Gallagher, M Giles, WH Mitchell, BD Wozniak, MA Stern, BJ Sorkin, JD McArdle, PF Naj, AC Xu, Q Gibbons, GH Kittner, SJ AF Song, Qing Cole, John W. O'Connell, Jeffrey R. Stine, Oscar C. Gallagher, Margaret Giles, Wayne H. Mitchell, Braxton D. Wozniak, Marcella A. Stern, Barney J. Sorkin, John D. McArdle, Patrick F. Naj, Adam C. Xu, Qin Gibbons, Gary H. Kittner, Steven J. TI Phosphodiesterase 4D polymorphisms and the risk of cerebral infarction in a biracial population: the Stroke Prevention in Young Women Study SO HUMAN MOLECULAR GENETICS LA English DT Article ID ISCHEMIC-STROKE; PDE4D GENE; ASSOCIATION; LINKAGE; PROTEIN; REGION; ADULTS; CAMP AB An association between polymorphisms within the phosphodiesterase 4D gene (PDE4D) and ischemic stroke was initially reported in older adults from Iceland and has been supported by studies in several other primarily elderly populations. In the present study, we examined the association between PDE4D polymorphisms and early-onset ischemic stroke in a biracial female population. A systematic search for polymorphisms in the highly evolutionary conserved regions of PDE4D was performed on 48 African-American and 48 Caucasian participants. Novel and known polymorphisms were then prioritized and genotyped in the entire study population of 224 cases of first ischemic stroke among women aged 15-49 and 211 age- and ethnicity-balanced control subjects. Forty novel and previously reported polymorphisms with a minor allele frequency greater than 0.05 were determined, with 23 polymorphisms selected for analysis in the full case-control sample. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), linkage disequilibrium and haplotype analyses were performed. SNP rs918592, found in an intron near the 5' end of the gene, was significantly associated with stroke (age- and race-adjusted odds ratio (OR=1.5, P=0.007), with four other SNPs showing significant, albeit less strong, associations. The magnitude of association was similar across African-Americans and Caucasians and across multiple stroke subtypes (e.g. atherosclerotic, lacunar and non-lacunar of undetermined etiology). The association of rs918592 with stroke was confined exclusively to current smokers (OR=3.2, P=0.00014), with no association observed among never-smokers (OR=0.9, P=0.75) or former smokers (OR=1.2, P=0.66), demonstrating a gene-environment interaction (P=0.03). A strong dose-response relationship was also seen among current smokers. No specific risk haplotypes were identified. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Maryland Stroke Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cole, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Maryland Stroke Ctr, 655 W Baltimore St,Room 12-006, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. EM jcole@som.umaryland.edu OI Mitchell, Braxton/0000-0003-4920-4744 FU NCRR NIH HHS [5U54 RR 014758-05, G12 RR003034, 5G12 RR 003034-18, M01 RR 165001, U54 RR014758]; NHLBI NIH HHS [5UH1 HL 003676, UH1 HL003676]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS045012, 5U54 NS 046798-02, U54 NS046798]; PHS HHS [P60 12583] NR 20 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0964-6906 J9 HUM MOL GENET JI Hum. Mol. Genet. PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 15 IS 16 BP 2468 EP 2478 DI 10.1093/hmg/ddl169 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 075RA UT WOS:000239901700007 PM 16835261 ER PT J AU Ellenberger, D Otten, RA Li, B Aidoo, M Rodriguez, IV Sariol, CA Martinez, M Monsour, M Wyatt, L Hudgens, MG Edmundo, K Bernard, M Robinson, H Thomas, F Butera, S AF Ellenberger, Dennis Otten, Ronald A. Li, Bin Aidoo, Michael Rodriguez, I. Vanessa Sariol, Carlos A. Martinez, Melween Monsour, Michael Wyatt, Linda Hudgens, Michael G. Edmundo, Kraiselburd Bernard, Moss Robinson, Harriet Thomas, Folks Butera, Salvatore TI HIV-1 DNA/MVA vaccination reduces the per exposure probability of infection during repeated mucosal SHIV challenges SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE repetitive virus challenge; mucosal challenge; vaccine; DNA/MVA; non-human primate model; human sexual transmission; SHIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; T-CELL DEPLETION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; RHESUS MACAQUES; AIDS VACCINE; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT; CD8(+) LYMPHOCYTES; HUMORAL IMMUNITY AB Historically, HIV vaccines specifically designed to raise cellular immunity resulted in protection from disease progression but not infection when tested in monkeys challenged with a single high virus exposure. An alternative approach, more analogous to human sexual exposures, is to repetitively challenge immunized monkeys with a much lower dose of virus until systemic infection is documented. Using these conditions to mimic human sexual transmission, we found that a multi-protein DNA/MVA HIV-1 vaccine is indeed capable of protecting rhesus monkeys against systemic infection when repeatedly challenged with a highly heterologous immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). Furthermore, this repetitive challenge approach allowed us to calculate per-exposure probability of infection, an observed vaccine efficacy of 64%, and undertake a systematic analysis for correlates of protection based on exposures needed to achieve infection. Therefore, improved non-human primate models for vaccine efficacy can provide novel insight and perhaps renew expectations for positive outcomes of human HIV clinical trials. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stat & Data Management Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Caribbean Primate Res Ctr, Unit Comparat Med, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Caribbean Primate Res Ctr, Dept Microbiol & Med Zool, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. NIAID, Viral Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Ellenberger, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dellenberger@cdc.gov; ROtten@cdc.gov; BLi@cdc.gov; MAidoo@cdc.gov; irodriguez@rcm.upr.edu; csariol@rcm.upr.edu; mimartinez@rcm.upr.edu; MMonsour@cdc.gov; LWYATT@niaid.nih.gov; mhudgens@bios.unc.edu; ekraiselburd@rcm.upr.edu; BMOSS@niaid.nih.gov; hrobins@rmy.emory.edu; TFolks@cdc.gov; SButera@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 15 PY 2006 VL 352 IS 1 BP 216 EP 225 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.04.005 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 074IV UT WOS:000239806800021 PM 16725169 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MG Anh, BH Thu, VH Montgomery, JM Bausch, DG Shah, JJ Maloney, S Leitmeyer, KC Huy, VQ Horby, P Plant, AY Uyeki, TM AF Reynolds, Mary G. Anh, Bach Huy Thu, Vu Hoang Montgomery, Joel M. Bausch, Daniel G. Shah, J. Jina Maloney, Susan Leitmeyer, Katrin C. Huy, Vu Quang Horby, Peter Plant, Aileen Y. Uyeki, Timothy M. TI Factors associated with nosocomial SARS-CoV transmission among healthcare workers in Hanoi, Vietnam, 2003 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; HONG-KONG; HOSPITAL WORKERS; CORONAVIRUS; OUTBREAK; TORONTO AB Background: In March of 2003, an outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) occurred in Northern Vietnam. This outbreak began when a traveler arriving from Hong Kong sought medical care at a small hospital (Hospital A) in Hanoi, initiating a serious and substantial transmission event within the hospital, and subsequent limited spread within the community. Methods: We surveyed Hospital A personnel for exposure to the index patient and for symptoms of disease during the outbreak. Additionally, serum specimens were collected and assayed for antibody to SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) antibody and job-specific attack rates were calculated. A nested case-control analysis was performed to assess risk factors for acquiring SARS-CoV infection. Results: One hundred and fifty-three of 193 (79.3%) clinical and non-clinical staff consented to participate. Excluding job categories with <3 workers, the highest SARS attack rates occurred among nurses who worked in the outpatient and inpatient general wards (57.1, 47.4%, respectively). Nurses assigned to the operating room/intensive care unit, experienced the lowest attack rates (7.1%) among all clinical staff. Serologic evidence of SARS-CoV infection was detected in 4 individuals, including 2 non-clinical workers, who had not previously been identified as SARS cases; none reported having had fever or cough. Entering the index patient's room and having seen (viewed) the patient were the behaviors associated with highest risk for infection by univariate analysis (odds ratios 20.0, 14.0; 95% confidence intervals 4.1-97.1, 3.6-55.3, respectively). Conclusion: This study highlights job categories and activities associated with increased risk for SARS-CoV infection and demonstrates that a broad diversity of hospital workers may be vulnerable during an outbreak. These findings may help guide recommendations for the protection of vulnerable occupational groups and may have implications for other respiratory infections such as influenza. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hanoi Med Univ, Dept Med, Hanoi, Vietnam. French Hosp, Dept Med, Hanoi, Vietnam. Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA USA. Robert Koch Inst, Ctr Biol Safety, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. WHO, SE Asia Reg Off, Hanoi, Vietnam. Curtin Univ Technol, Div Hlth Sci, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia. RP Reynolds, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzr6@cdc.gov; bachhuyanh@hmu.edu.vn; drthu60@yahoo.com; ztq9@cdc.gov; dbausch@tulane.edu; jina.shah@gmail.com; szm7@cdc.gov; leitmeyerk@rki.de; Peter.Horby@gmail.com; aileenplant@hotmail.com; Tmu0@cdc.gov RI Horby, Peter/D-1585-2013; OI Horby, Peter/0000-0002-9822-1586 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD AUG 14 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 207 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-6-207 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 083RV UT WOS:000240476800001 PM 16907978 ER PT J AU Esposito, JJ Sammons, SA Frace, AM Osborne, JD Olsen-Rasmussen, M Zhang, M Govil, D Damon, IK Kline, R Laker, M Li, Y Smith, GL Meyer, H LeDuc, JW Wohlhueter, RM AF Esposito, Joseph J. Sammons, Scott A. Frace, A. Michael Osborne, John D. Olsen-Rasmussen, Melissa Zhang, Ming Govil, Dhwani Damon, Inger K. Kline, Richard Laker, Miriam Li, Yu Smith, Geoffrey L. Meyer, Hermann LeDuc, James W. Wohlhueter, Robert M. TI Genome sequence diversity and clues to the evolution of variola (smallpox) virus SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DNA-SEQUENCES; COWPOX VIRUS; VIRULENCE; STRAIN; TRANSPOSITION; INFLAMMATION; PROFILES; ALASTRIM AB Comparative genomics of 45 epidemiologically varied variola virus isolates from the past 30 years of the smallpox era indicate low sequence diversity, suggesting that there is probably little difference in the isolates' functional gene content. Phylogenetic clustering inferred three clades coincident with their geographical origin and case-fatality rate; the latter implicated putative proteins that mediate viral virulence differences. Analysis of the viral linear DNA genome suggests that its evolution involved direct descent and DNA end-region recombination events. Knowing the sequences will help understand the viral proteome and improve diagnostic test precision, therapeutics, and systems for their assessment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotech Core Facil Branch, Div Sci Resources, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Poxvirus & Rabies Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vector Borne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London W2 1PG, England. Bundeswehr Inst Microbiol, D-80937 Munich, Germany. RP Esposito, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotech Core Facil Branch, Div Sci Resources, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM jesposito@cdc.gov FU Medical Research Council [G0501257] NR 40 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 11 PY 2006 VL 313 IS 5788 BP 807 EP 812 DI 10.1126/science.1125134 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 072KC UT WOS:000239671300051 PM 16873609 ER PT J AU Stull, JW Talbot, EA MacRae, S Montero, JT Matyas, B Cantor, F Konomi, R DeMaria, A Hayes, EB Smith, TL Nasci, RS Sejvar, JJ O'Leary, DR Campbell, GL Noga, AJ Lanciotti, RS Plotinsky, RN Schumacher, S Farnon, EC AF Stull, J. W. Talbot, E. A. MacRae, S. Montero, J. T. Matyas, B. Cantor, F. Konomi, R. DeMaria, A. Hayes, E. B. Smith, T. L. Nasci, R. S. Sejvar, J. J. O'Leary, D. R. Campbell, G. L. Noga, A. J. Lanciotti, R. S. Plotinsky, R. N. Schumacher, S. Farnon, E. C. TI Eastern equine encephalitis New Hampshire and Massachusetts, August-September 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 697-700, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stull, JW (reprint author), New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RI Stull, Jason/A-8816-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 6 BP 645 EP 646 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 071LN UT WOS:000239603800012 ER PT J AU Cowgill, KD Ndiritu, M Nyiro, J Slack, MPE Chiphatsi, S Ismail, A Kamau, T Mwangi, I English, M Newton, CRJC Feikin, DR Scott, JAG AF Cowgill, Karen D. Ndiritu, Moses Nyiro, Joyce Slack, Mary P. E. Chiphatsi, Salome Ismail, Amina Kamau, Tatu Mwangi, Isaiah English, Mike Newton, Charles R. J. C. Feikin, Daniel R. Scott, J. Anthony G. TI Effectiveness of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine introduction into routine childhood immunization in Kenya SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ACUTE BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; INVASIVE DISEASE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; INFANTS; POLYSACCHARIDE; EFFICACY; AFRICA; GAMBIA AB Context Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine is not perceived as a public health priority in Africa because data on Hib disease burden and vaccine effectiveness are scarce. Hib immunization was introduced in Kenyan infants in 2001. Objective To define invasive Hib disease incidence and Hib vaccine program effectiveness in Kenya. Design, Setting, and Patients Culture-based surveillance for invasive Hib disease at Kilifi District Hospital from 2000 through 2005 was linked to demographic surveillance of 38 000 children younger than 5 years in Kilifi District, Kenya. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Hib vaccination status were determined for children with Hib disease admitted 2002-2005. Interventions Introduction of conjugate Hib vaccine within the routine childhood immunization program at ages 6, 10, and 14 weeks beginning November 2001. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of culture-proven Hib invasive disease before and after vaccine introduction and vaccine program effectiveness. Results Prior to vaccine introduction, the median age of children with Hib was 8 months; case fatality was 23%. Among children younger than 5 years, the annual incidence of invasive Hib disease 1 year before and 1 and 3 years after vaccine introduction was 66, 47, and 7.6 per 100 000, respectively. For children younger than 2 years, incidence was 119, 82, and 16 per 100 000, respectively. In 2004-2005, vaccine effectiveness was 88% (95% confidence interval, 73%-96%) among children younger than 5 years and 87% (95% confidence interval, 66%-96%) among children younger than 2 years. Of 53 children with Hib admitted during 2002-2005, 29 (55%) were age-ineligible to have received vaccine, 12 (23%) had not been vaccinated despite being eligible, and 12 (23%) had received 2 or more doses of vaccine (2 were HIV positive). Conclusions In Kenya, introduction of Hib vaccine into the routine childhood immunization program reduced Hib disease incidence among children younger than 5 years to 12% of its baseline level. This impact was not observed until the third year after vaccine introduction. C1 Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kilifi Dist Hosp, Wellcome Trust Kenya Med Res Inst, Kilifi, Kenya. Kilifi Dist Hosp, Dist Publ Hlth Off, Kilifi, Kenya. Hlth Protect Agcy Ctr Infect, Resp & Systemic Infect Lab, Haemophilus Reference Unit, WHO Collaborating Ctr Haemophilus Influenzae, London, England. Minist Hlth, Kenya Expanded Programme Immunizat, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Dept Paediat, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Univ London, Inst Child Hlth, London WC1N 1EH, England. RP Scott, JAG (reprint author), Univ Oxford, John Radcliffe Hosp, Nuffield Dept Clin Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. EM ascott@ikilifi.net OI Newton, Charles/0000-0002-6999-5507 FU Wellcome Trust [081835, 050563, 061089] NR 31 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 9 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 6 BP 671 EP 678 DI 10.1001/jama.296.6.671 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 071LN UT WOS:000239603800029 PM 16896110 ER PT J AU Maines, TR Chen, LM Matsuoka, Y Chen, HL Rowe, T Ortin, J Falcon, A Hien, NT Mai, LQ Sedyaningsih, ER Harun, S Tumpey, TM Donis, RO Cox, NJ Subbarao, K Katz, JM AF Maines, Taronna R. Chen, Li-Mei Matsuoka, Yumiko Chen, Hualan Rowe, Thomas Ortin, Juan Falcon, Ana Hien, Nguyen Tran Mai, Le Quynh Sedyaningsih, Endang R. Harun, Syahrial Tumpey, Terrence M. Donis, Ruben O. Cox, Nancy J. Subbarao, Kanta Katz, Jacqueline M. TI Lack of transmission of H5N1 avian-human reassortant influenza viruses in a ferret model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE transmissibility; pandemic virus properties; pandemic influenza; animal model; receptor specificity ID A-VIRUS; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; HUMAN AIRWAY; GENE; HEMAGGLUTININ; REPLICATION; RESISTANT; EVOLUTION; INFECTION AB Avian influenza A H5N1 viruses continue to spread globally among birds, resulting in occasional transmission of virus from infected poultry to humans. Probable human-to-human transmission has been documented rarely, but H5N1 viruses have not yet acquired the ability to transmit efficiently among humans, an essential property of a pandemic virus. The pandemics of 1957 and 1968 were caused by avian-human reassortant influenza viruses that had acquired human virus-like receptor binding properties. However, the relative contribution of human internal protein genes or other molecular changes to the efficient transmission of influenza viruses among humans remains poorly understood. Here, we report on a comparative ferret model that parallels the efficient transmission of H3N2 human viruses and the poor transmission of H5N1 avian viruses in humans. In this model, an H3N2 reassortant virus with avian virus internal protein genes exhibited efficient replication but inefficient transmission, whereas H5N1 reassortant viruses with four or six human virus internal protein genes exhibited reduced replication and no transmission. These findings indicate that the human virus H3N2 surface protein genes alone did not confer efficient transmissibility and that acquisition of human virus internal protein genes alone was insufficient for this 1997 H5N1 virus to develop pandemic capabilities, even after serial passages in a mammalian host. These results highlight the complexity of the genetic basis of influenza virus transmissibility and suggest that H5N1 viruses may require further adaptation to acquire this essential pandemic trait. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CSIC, Ctr Nacl Biotecnol, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Minist Hlth, Ctr Biomed & Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Jakarta 10560, Indonesia. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jkatz@cdc.gov RI Wei, Jianjian/F-7788-2011; Ortin, Juan/L-3622-2013 OI Wei, Jianjian/0000-0001-8859-8462; NR 35 TC 227 Z9 244 U1 4 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 8 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 32 BP 12121 EP 12126 DI 10.1073/pnas.0605134103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 072VU UT WOS:000239701900054 PM 16880383 ER PT J AU Parker, AA Staggs, W Dayan, GH Ortega-Sanchez, IR Rota, PA Lowe, L Boardman, P Teclaw, R Graves, C LeBaron, CW AF Parker, Amy A. Staggs, Wayne Dayan, Gustavo H. Ortega-Sanchez, Ismael R. Rota, Paul A. Lowe, Luis Boardman, Patricia Teclaw, Robert Graves, Charlene LeBaron, Charles W. TI Implications of a 2005 measles outbreak in Indiana for sustained elimination of measles in the United States SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VACCINE FAILURES; IMMUNIZATION; IMPACT; TRANSMISSION; POLICY AB BACKGROUND: Measles was declared eliminated from the United States in 2000 but remains endemic worldwide. In 2005, a 17-year-old unvaccinated girl who was incubating measles returned from Romania, creating the largest documented outbreak of measles in the United States since 1996. METHODS: We conducted a case-series investigation, molecular typing of viral isolates, surveys of rates of vaccination coverage, interviews regarding attitudes toward vaccination, and cost surveys. RESULTS: Approximately 500 persons attended a gathering with the index patient one day after her return home. Approximately 50 lacked evidence of measles immunity, of whom 16 (32 percent) acquired measles at the gathering. During the six weeks after the gathering, a total of 34 cases of measles were confirmed. Of the patients with confirmed measles, 94 percent were unvaccinated, 88 percent were less than 20 years of age, and 9 percent were hospitalized. Of the 28 patients who were 5 to 19 years of age, 71 percent were home-schooled. Vaccine failure occurred in two persons. The virus strain was genotype D4, which is endemic in Romania. Although containment measures began after 20 persons were already infectious, measles remained confined mostly to children whose parents had refused to have them vaccinated, primarily out of concern for adverse events from the vaccine. Seventy-one percent of patients were from four households. Levels of measles-vaccination coverage in Indiana were 92 percent for preschoolers and 98 percent for sixth graders. Estimated costs of containing the disease were at least $167,685, including $113,647 at a hospital with an infected employee. CONCLUSIONS: This outbreak was caused by the importation of measles into a population of children whose parents had refused to have them vaccinated because of safety concerns about the vaccine. High vaccination levels in the surrounding community and low rates of vaccine failure averted an epidemic. Maintenance of high rates of vaccination coverage, including improved strategies of communication with persons who refuse vaccination, is necessary to prevent future outbreaks and sustain the elimination of measles in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Home Hosp, Lafaeytte, IN USA. RP Parker, AA (reprint author), CDC, NCIRD, MS A-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 144 Z9 156 U1 1 U2 12 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 3 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 5 BP 447 EP 455 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa060775 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 069FT UT WOS:000239432500004 PM 16885548 ER PT J AU Patel, N Webb, K White, D Barker, L Crosby, A DeBerry, M Frazier, L Karch, D Lipskiy, N Shaw, K Steenkamp, M Thomas, S AF Patel, N. Webb, K. White, D. Barker, L. Crosby, A. DeBerry, M. Frazier, L. Karch, D. Lipskiy, N. Shaw, K. Steenkamp, M. Thomas, S. TI Homicides and suicides - National violent death reporting system, United States, 2003-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 721-724, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Patel, N (reprint author), CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 5 BP 506 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 069YW UT WOS:000239486900005 ER PT J AU Mirabal, B Rodriguez, I Velez, CN Crosby, A Hoffman, J AF Mirabal, B. Rodriguez, I. Velez, C. N. Crosby, A. Hoffman, J. TI Homicides among children and young adults - Puerto Rico, 1999-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 361-364, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Puerto Rico, Ctr Hispan Youth Violence Prevent, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mirabal, B (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Ctr Hispan Youth Violence Prevent, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 5 BP 510 EP 511 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 069YW UT WOS:000239486900006 ER PT J AU Bilukha, OO Tsitsaev, Z Ibragimov, R Anderson, M Brennan, M Murtazaeva, E AF Bilukha, Oleg O. Tsitsaev, Zaur Ibragimov, Ramzan Anderson, Mark Brennan, Muireann Murtazaeva, Eliza TI Epidemiology of injuries and deaths from landmines and unexploded ordnance in Chechnya, 1994 through 2005 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UN, Childrens Fund, Nazran, Russia. Voice Mt Nongovt Org, Grozny, Russia. RP Bilukha, OO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM obilukha1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 5 BP 516 EP 518 DI 10.1001/jama.296.5.516-b PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 069YW UT WOS:000239486900014 PM 16882957 ER PT J AU van Griensven, F Chakkraband, MLS Thienkrua, W Pengjuntr, W Cardozo, BL Tantipiwatanaskul, P Mock, PA Ekassawin, S Varangrat, A Gotway, C Sabin, M Tappero, JW AF van Griensven, Frits Chakkraband, M. L. Somchai Thienkrua, Warunee Pengjuntr, Wachira Lopes Cardozo, Barbara Tantipiwatanaskul, Prawate Mock, Philip A. Ekassawin, Suparat Varangrat, Anchalee Gotway, Carol Sabin, Miriam Tappero, Jordan W. CA Thailand Post-Tsunami Mental TI Mental health problems among adults in tsunami-affected areas in southern Thailand SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; HOPKINS SYMPTOM CHECKLIST-25; HARVARD TRAUMA QUESTIONNAIRE; IQOLA PROJECT; BORDER CAMPS; 10 COUNTRIES; REFUGEES; EARTHQUAKE; TORTURE; SF-36 AB Context On December 26, 2004, an undersea earthquake occurred off the northwestern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The tsunami that followed severely affected all 6 southwestern provinces of Thailand, where 5395 individuals died, 2991 were unaccounted for, and 8457 were injured. Objective To assess the prevalence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression among individuals residing in areas affected by the tsunami in southern Thailand as part of a public health emergency response and rapid assessment. Design, Setting, and Participants A multistage, cluster, population-based mental health survey was conducted from February 15 to 22, 2005, of random samples of displaced (n=371) and nondisplaced persons in Phang Nga province (n=322) and nondisplaced persons in the provinces of Krabi and Phuket (n=368). Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire on handheld computers. A surveillance follow-up survey of the displaced persons (n=371) and nondisplaced persons (n=322) in Phang Na was conducted in September 2005. Main Outcomes Measures Medical Outcomes Study-36 Short-Form Health Survey SF-36 to assess self-perceived general health, bodily pain, and social and emotional functioning; the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire to assess tsunami-specific traumatic events; and the Hopkins Checklist-25 to detect symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results Participation rates for displaced and nondisplaced persons in the rapid assessment survey were 69% and 58%, respectively. Symptoms of PTSD were reported by 12% of displaced and 7% of nondisplaced persons in Phang Nga and 3% of nondisplaced persons in Krabi and Phuket. Anxiety symptoms were reported by 37% of displaced and 30% of nondisplaced persons in Phang Nga and 22% of nondisplaced persons in Krabi and Phuket. Symptoms of depression were reported by 30% of displaced and 21% of nondisplaced persons in Phang Nga and 10% of nondisplaced persons in Krabi and Phuket. In multivariate analysis, loss of livelihood was independently and significantly associated with symptoms of all 3 mental health outcomes (PTSD, anxiety, and depression). In the 9-month follow-up surveillance survey of 270 (73%) displaced and 250 (80%) nondisplaced participants in Phang Nga, prevalence rates of symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression among displaced persons decreased to 7%, 24.8%, and 16.7%, respectively, and among nondisplaced persons, prevalence rates decreased to 2.3%, 25.9%, and 14.3%, respectively. Conclusions Among survivors of the tsunami in southern Thailand, elevated rates of symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression were reported 8 weeks after the disaster, with higher rates for anxiety and depression than PTSD symptoms. Nine months after the disaster, the rates of those reporting these symptoms decreased but were still elevated. This information is important for directing, strengthening, and evaluating posttsunami mental health needs and interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US Ctr Dis Control & Pr, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Cardozo, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-97, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bhc8@cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 34 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 5 BP 537 EP 548 DI 10.1001/jama.296.5.537 PG 12 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 069YW UT WOS:000239486900018 PM 16882960 ER PT J AU Thienkrua, W Cardozo, BL Chakkraband, MLS Guadamuz, TE Pengjuntr, W Tantipiwatanaskul, P Sakornsatian, S Ekassawin, S Panyayong, B Varangrat, A Tappero, JW Schreiber, M van Griensven, F AF Thienkrua, Warunee Lopes Cardozo, Barbara Chakkraband, M. L. Somchai Guadamuz, Thomas E. Pengjuntr, Wachira Tantipiwatanaskul, Prawate Sakornsatian, Suchada Ekassawin, Suparat Panyayong, Benjaporn Varangrat, Anchalee Tappero, Jordan W. Schreiber, Merritt van Griensven, Frits CA Thailand Post-Tsunami Mental TI Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder and depression among children in tsunami-affected areas in southern Thailand SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL-CHILDREN; RATING SCALE DSRS; ADOLESCENTS; DISASTER; EARTHQUAKE; TRAUMA; PTSD AB Context On December 26, 2004, an undersea earthquake occurred off the northwestern coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The tsunami that followed severely impacted all 6 southwestern provinces of Thailand, where approximately 20 000 children were directly affected. Objective To assess trauma experiences and the prevalence of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among children in tsunami-affected provinces in southern Thailand. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based mental health surveys were conducted among children aged 7 to 14 years in Phang Nga, Phuket, and Krabi provinces from February 15-22, 2005 (2 months posttsunami), and September 7-12, 2005 (9 months posttsunami). Main Outcome Measures Trauma experiences and symptoms of PTSD and depression as measured by a tsunami-modified version of the PsySTART Rapid Triage System, the UCLA PTSD Reaction Index, and the Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale. Results A total of 371 children (167 displaced and living in camps, 99 not displaced from villages affected by the tsunami, and 105 not displaced from unaffected villages) participated in the first survey. The prevalence rates of PTSD symptoms were 13% among children living in camps, 11% among children from affected villages, and 6% among children from unaffected villages (camps vs unaffected villages, P=.25); for depression symptoms, the prevalence rates were 11%, 5 %, and 8 %, respectively (P=.39). In multivariate analysis of the first assessment, having had a delayed evacuation, having felt one's own or a family member's life to have been in danger, and having felt extreme panic or fear were significantly associated with PTSD symptoms. Older age and having felt that their own or a family member's life had been in danger were significantly associated with depression symptoms. in the follow-up survey, 72% (151/210) of children from Phang Nga participated. Prevalence rates of symptoms of PTSD and depression among these children did not decrease significantly over time. Conclusions This assessment documents the prevalence of mental health problems among children in tsunami-affected provinces in southern Thailand at 2 and 9 months posttsunami. Traumatic events experienced during the tsunami were significantly associated with symptoms of PTSD and depression. These data may be useful to target mental health services for children and may inform the design of these interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US Ctr Dis Control & Pr, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Neuropsychiat Inst & Hosp, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Cardozo, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-97, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bhc8@cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 FU NIAID NIH HHS [F31 AI064144] NR 29 TC 138 Z9 149 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 2 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 5 BP 549 EP 559 DI 10.1001/jama.296.5.549 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 069YW UT WOS:000239486900019 PM 16882961 ER PT J AU Taylor, A Angerer, J Arnaud, J Claeys, F Jones, RL Mazarrasa, O Mairiaux, E Menditto, A Parsons, PJ Patriarca, M Pineau, A Valkonen, S Weber, JP Weykamp, C AF Taylor, Andrew Angerer, Jurgen Arnaud, Josiane Claeys, Francois Jones, Robert L. Mazarrasa, Olav Mairiaux, Eric Menditto, Antonio Parsons, Patrick J. Patriarca, Marina Pineau, Alain Valkonen, Sinikka Weber, Jean-Philippe Weykamp, Cas TI Occupational and environmental laboratory medicine: A network of EQAS organisers SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on Proficiency Testing in Analytical Chemistry, Microbiol & Laboratory Medicine CY SEP, 2005 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA SP Metrol Inst Republic Slovenia, Slovenian Accreditat, Slovenian Chem Soc, EURACHEM Slovenia, SILAB, EURACHEM Proficiency Testing WG, EQALM, CITAC DE occupational and environmental laboratory medicine; equivalence of assessment; traceability; uncertainty AB Most people in any community come into contact with chemicals that are potentially harmful to their health. Some elements are essential to health and inadequate amounts in food may also lead to ill health. Measurement of chemicals in blood, urine or other specimens is a fundamental feature of studies undertaken in the field of Occupational and Environmental Laboratory Medicine (OELM). Results are used to assess the risk for either overexposure or deficiency of essential nutrients. External Quality Assessment Schemes (EQAS) aid laboratories to achieve accurate and consistent data and 11 organisers of EQAS in Europe and North America are working to improve the effectiveness of their activities. The aims of the Network of EQAS Organisers in OELM are to stimulate improvements in analytical results, establish equivalence of assessment among Schemes, collaborate to enhance the practice of EQA including whenever possible to warrant traceability of EQAS to primary standards. C1 Univ Surrey, Ctr Clin Sci & Measurement, Sch Biomed & Mol Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Occupat Social & Environm Med, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. CHU Grenoble, DBI, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Sci Inst Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Unit, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Seguridad & Salud Trabajo, Lab Higiene Ind, Santander, Spain. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Food Safety & Vet Publ Hlth, I-00161 Rome, Italy. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Univ Nantes, UFR Pharm, Toxicol Lab, F-44035 Nantes, France. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Dept Toxicol & Ind Hyg, Biomonitoring Lab, Helsinki 00250, Finland. Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Ctr Toxicol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 5B3, Canada. Queen Beatrix Hosp, MCA Lab, NL-7101 BN Winterswijk, Netherlands. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Ctr Clin Sci & Measurement, Sch Biomed & Mol Sci, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. EM a.taylor@surrey.ac.uk RI PATRIARCA, MARINA/E-3680-2015; OI Parsons, Patrick/0000-0001-9133-875X NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 11 IS 8-9 BP 435 EP 439 DI 10.1007/s00769-006-0108-x PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 086NJ UT WOS:000240680000012 ER PT J AU Taylor, A Angerer, J Arnaud, J Claeys, F Jones, RL Mazarrasa, O Mairiaux, E Menditto, A Parsons, PJ Patriarca, M Pineau, A Valkonen, S Weber, JP Weykamp, C AF Taylor, Andrew Angerer, Jurgen Arnaud, Josiane Claeys, Francoise Jones, Robert L. Mazarrasa, Olav Mairiaux, Eric Menditto, Antonio Parsons, Patrick J. Patriarca, Marina Pineau, Alain Valkonen, Sinikka Weber, Jean-Philippe Weykamp, Cas TI Quality specifications for evaluation and comparison of performance among external quality assessment schemes in occupational and environmental laboratory medicine SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Workshop on Proficiency Testing in Analytical Chemistry, Microbiol & Laboratory Medicine CY SEP, 2005 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA SP Metrol Inst Republic Slovenia, Slovenian Accreditat, Slovenian Chem Soc, EURACHEM Slovenia, SILAB, EURACHEM Proficiency Testing WG, EQALM, CITAC DE quality specifications; occupational and environmental laboratory medicine; Z-score; equivalence of performance assessment; fitness-for-purpose ID BIOLOGICAL VARIATION; SERUM; ALUMINUM; BLOOD; LEAD; ZN; MG; CU AB Quality specifications (QS) are proposed for lead in blood and for aluminium, copper, selenium and zinc in serum as part of the aim to set standards of performance for laboratories so that results can be demonstrated to be fit for the purpose to which they are applied. The QS were established taking account of the analytical state-of-the-art, physiological variations in the concentrations of the analyte and the clinical purpose for which the assay is to be used. A procedure was devised that uses these QS to give equivalence of assessment among external quality assessment schemes (EQAS), thus avoiding conflicting information which has been demonstrated in the past. Advantages of this procedure are: to provide direct comparison of performance of laboratories taking part in different schemes, to provide equivalence of assessment of laboratory performance necessary to establish mutual recognition agreements, and to demonstrate the fitness for purpose of results from participants. C1 Univ Surrey, Sch Biomed & Mol Sci, Ctr Clin Sci & Measurement, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Occupat Social & Environm Med, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany. CHU Grenoble, Dept Biol Integree, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Sci Inst Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Unit, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Seguridad & Salud Trabajo, Lab Higiene Ind, Santander 39012, Spain. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Food Safety & Vet Publ Hlth, I-00161 Rome, Italy. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Univ Nantes, UFR Pharm, Toxicol Lab, F-44035 Nantes, France. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Dept Toxicol & Ind Hyg, Biomonitroing Lab, Helsinki 00250, Finland. Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Ctr Toxicol, Quebec City, PQ G1V 5B3, Canada. Queen Beatrix Hosp, MCA Lab, NL-7101 BN Winterswijk, Netherlands. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Univ Surrey, Sch Biomed & Mol Sci, Ctr Clin Sci & Measurement, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. EM a.taylor@surrey.ac.uk RI PATRIARCA, MARINA/E-3680-2015; OI Parsons, Patrick/0000-0001-9133-875X NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 11 IS 8-9 BP 440 EP 445 DI 10.1007/s00769-006-0118-8 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 086NJ UT WOS:000240680000013 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, AB Branson, BM Kim, A Farnham, PG AF Hutchinson, Angela B. Branson, Bernard M. Kim, Angela Farnham, Paul G. TI A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of alternative HIV counseling and testing methods to increase knowledge of HIV status SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE meta-analysis; HIV; diagnostic tests ID HIGH-RISK; EXPERIENCE; BEHAVIOR; CLIENTS; RETURN AB Background: Alternatives to conventional HIV counseling and testing (HIV-CT) have been used to improve receipt of HIV test results. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of alternative HIV-CT methods on the receipt of HIV test results. Methods: Studies were identified by a systematic search of the literature using English-language databases from 1990 to 2005. Studies were included if they used an alternative method for HIV-CT, reported the receipt of HIV test results and had a comparison group. Pooled effect sizes [risk ratios (RR)] were calculated using a random effects model. Results: Seventeen effect sizes (k) were included n = 21 096). Alternative HIV-CT methods included rapid testing (k = 12), oral fluid testing (k = 2), home testing (k = 1), and telephone post-test counseling (k = 2). All alternatives except for oral fluid testing significantly increased receipt of results compared with conventional testing. In stratified analysis, rapid testing was most effective [RR, 1.80; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.46-2.22] followed by telephone post-test counseling (RR, 1.38. 95% CI, 1.24-1.47). Conclusions: There is strong evidence that clients are substantially more likely to receive their HIV test results with rapid testing than with conventional tests or other alternatives. Therefore, to increase knowledge of HIV status, rapidtesting is preferable in settings with low rates of return for test results. (c) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Northrup Grumman Mission Syst, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Hutchinson, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. EM ahutchinson@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1597 EP 1604 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000238405.93249.16 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 076VI UT WOS:000239985800004 PM 16868440 ER PT J AU MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Behel, S Secura, GM Bingham, T Celentano, DD Koblin, BA LaLota, M Shehan, D Thiede, H Torian, LV AF MacKellar, Duncan A. Valleroy, Linda A. Behel, Stephanie Secura, Gina M. Bingham, Trista Celentano, David D. Koblin, Beryl A. LaLota, Marlene Shehan, Douglas Thiede, Hanne Torian, Lucia V. TI Unintentional HIV exposures from young men who have sex with men who disclose being HIV-negative SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; men who have sex with men; awareness; HIV disclosure ID GAY MEN; NEGOTIATED SAFETY; RISK BEHAVIORS; SEROCONVERSION; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; INTERCOURSE; INFECTION; CONTEXTS; PARTNERS AB Objective: To evaluate the proportion of new sexual partners potentially exposed to HIV from young MSM who disclosed being HIV-negative. Design: Cross-sectional, observational study of men aged 23-29 years recruited from randomly sampled MSM-identified venues in six US cities. Methods: Participants were interviewed and tested for HIV. Analyses were restricted to MSM who reported last testing HIV-negative and having one or more new partners in the prior 6 months. Results: Of 1701 MSM who reported a total of 11 793 new partners, 1075 (63%) disclosed being HIV-negative to 4253 (36%) new partners before having sex with them for the first time. Of disclosers, 352 (33%) reported last testing HIV-negative > 1 year before their interview and 80 (7%) tested HIV-positive (HIV-infected unaware). By race, 24% of black, 5% of Hispanic, and 3% of white disclosers tested HIV-positive. Of the 4253 new partners, 296 (7%) were partners of the 80 HIV-infected unaware MSM. By race, 22% of new partners of black, 3% of new partners of Hispanic, and 4% of new partners of white MSM, were partners of HIV-infected unaware MSM who disclosed being HIV-negative. Conclusions: Many new sex partners may be unintentionally exposed to HIV from young MSM, particularly those who are black and who disclose being HIV-negative based on an earlier test. Young MSM should test for HIV more frequently and consistently use condoms with all partners unless they are in a mutually monogamous relationship in which both partners have tested HIV-negative at least 3 months since their last potential HIV exposure. (c) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP MacKellar, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dym4@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1637 EP 1644 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000238410.67700.d1 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 076VI UT WOS:000239985800009 PM 16868445 ER PT J AU Delaney, KP Branson, BM Uniyal, A Kerndt, PR Keenan, PA Jafa, K Gardner, AD Jamieson, DJ Bulterys, M AF Delaney, Kevin P. Branson, Bernard M. Uniyal, Apurva Kerndt, Peter R. Keenan, Patrick A. Jafa, Krishna Gardner, Ann D. Jamieson, Denise J. Bulterys, Marc TI Performance of an oral fluid rapid HIV-1/2 test: experience from four CDC studies SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE t HIV testing; HIV rapid test; oral fluid; OraQuick; screening ID LABOR AB Objective: To evaluate the performance of a rapid HIV antibody test used with whole blood and oral fluid in settings where the test is likely to be used. Design: In four separate studies, we compared the accuracy of the rapid test performed on whole blood and oral fluid specimens with the results of conventional HIV tests. Methods: Oral fluid and whole blood from persons of unknown HIV status recruited from clinics, labor and delivery units, and outreach venues were tested with the OraQuick Advance rapid HIV-1/2 antibody test. Sensitivity and specificity were compared with results of the enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot algorithm used by the study sites. Results: OraQuick sensitivity was 99.7% with whole blood and 99.1% with oral fluid from 327 persons who were HIV antibody positive by the conventional algorithm. OraQuick specificity was 99.9% with whole blood and 99.6% with oral fluid from 12 010 HIV-negative persons; EIA specificity was 99.7%. A cluster of 16 false-positive oral fluid tests occurred in one study, in which specificity was lower (99.0%) than in the other three studies (99.6-99.8%). Conclusions: In diverse settings in four studies, the OraQuick test showed high sensitivity and specificity for HIV antibody in whole blood and oral fluid specimens. Slightly more false-positive and false-negative results occurred with oral fluid than with whole blood, but performance with both specimen types was similar to, or better than, that of conventional EIAs. (c) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Res Assoc Inc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Publ Hlth, STD Control Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Div Publ Hlth Serv, Off HIV AIDS, Phoenix, AZ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Global Aids Program, Lusaka, Zambia. RP Delaney, KP (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E46,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Kdelaney@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 89 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1655 EP 1660 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000238412.75324.82 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 076VI UT WOS:000239985800011 PM 16868447 ER PT J AU Wesolowski, LG MacKellar, DA Facente, SN Dowling, T Ethridge, SF Zhu, JH Sullivan, PS AF Wesolowski, Laura G. MacKellar, Duncan A. Facente, Shelley N. Dowling, Teri Ethridge, Steven F. Zhu, Julia H. Sullivan, Patrick S. CA Post-mkt Surveillance Team TI Post-marketing surveillance of OraQuick whole blood and oral fluid rapid HIV testing SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV diagnostic tests; surveillance; specificity; rapid test AB Objective: Post-marketing surveillance was conducted to monitor the performance of the OraQuick Advance rapid HIV-1/2 antibody test (OraQuick) on whole blood and oral fluid. Design: Surveillance of routinely collected data on clients tested with OraQuick in 368 testing sites affiliated with 17 state and city health departments between 11 August 2004 and 30 June 2005. Methods: For whole blood and oral fluid, we report the median (range) health department OraQuick specificity and positive predictive value (PPV), and the number of clients with discordant results (e.g. who had a reactive rapid test not confirmed positive by Western blot or indirect immunofluorescence). At one site with lower than expected oral-fluid specificity, we evaluated whether device expiration, manufacturing lot, operator practices, or device-storage or testing-area temperatures were associated with false-positive tests. Results: During the surveillance period, 135 724 whole blood and 26 066 oral fluid rapid tests were conducted. The median health department whole blood OraQuick specificity was 99.98% (range: 99.73-100%) and PPV was 99.24% (range: 66.67-100%); the median oral fluid specificity was 99.89% (range: 99.44-100%) and PPV was 90.00% (range: 50.00-100%). A total of 124 discordant results were reported from 68 (0.05%) whole blood and 56 (0.22%) oral fluid rapid tests. The oral fluid specificity at the site with excess oral fluid false-positive tests was 98.7% (95% confidence interval: 98.18-99.11%). The increase in false-positive tests at that site was not associated with any specific device characteristic, operator procedure or temperature condition. Conclusion: The specificity of OraQuick performed on whole blood and oral fluid during post-marketing surveillance was compatible with the manufacturer's claim within the package insert. However, one site experienced lower than expected oral fluid specificity. Sites that observe that the specificity of OraQuick is lower than the range indicated in the package insert should notify the manufacturer and evaluate quality assurance procedures. (c) 2006 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, AIDS Off, HIV Prevent Sect, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Wesolowski, LG (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lig7@cdc.gov RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 13 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1661 EP 1666 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000238413.13442.ed PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 076VI UT WOS:000239985800012 PM 16868448 ER PT J AU Aharonovich, E Hatzenbuehler, ML Johnston, B O'Leary, A Morgenstern, J Wainberg, ML Yao, P Helzer, JE Hasin, DS AF Aharonovich, E. Hatzenbuehler, M. L. Johnston, B. O'Leary, A. Morgenstern, J. Wainberg, M. L. Yao, P. Helzer, J. E. Hasin, D. S. TI A low-cost, sustainable intervention for drinking reduction in the HIV primary care setting SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID ALCOHOL-USE DISORDER; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INTERVIEW SCHEDULE AUDADIS; TIMELINE FOLLOW BACK; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NATIONAL-SURVEY; DRUG MODULES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; SEXUAL RISK; DSM-IV AB Excess drinking poses multiple substantial health risks to HIV-infected individuals. However, no published intervention studies have focused on drinking reduction as the main outcome in HIV primary care patients. An intervention in this setting must place minimal demands on pressured staff and resources. This pilot study tested such an intervention, which consisted of brief Motivational Interviewing (MI) and HealthCall, an automated daily telephone self-monitoring system based on Interactive Voice Response (IVR), designed to extend and enhance the effects of brief MI. Thirty-one patients entered the study, received a 30-minute MI and were instructed in daily use of the IVR system. They received graphical feedback on their daily drinking from the HealthCall database after 30 days. A statistically significant decrease in drinking was found over time, both as reported in daily IVR calls (beta = -0.01, se 0.01, p = .03) and in follow-up interviews (beta = -0.04, se 0.12, p = 02) at 60 days. The proportion of daily calls made supported the feasibility of the intervention. The results indicate that HealthCall is acceptable to a disadvantaged HIV patient population, and preliminary data support the efficacy of this intervention in reducing harmful drinking among HIV primary care patients. C1 Columbia Univ, New York State Psychiat Inst, New York, NY 10032 USA. St Vincents Hosp & Med Ctr, New York, NY 10011 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Vermont, New York, NY USA. RP Hasin, DS (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York State Psychiat Inst, 1051 Riverside Dr,Box 123, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM dsh2@columbia.edu FU NIAAA NIH HHS [K05 AA014223] NR 54 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 4 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 6 BP 561 EP 568 DI 10.1080/09540120500264134 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 062WR UT WOS:000238977300006 PM 16831783 ER PT J AU Harshbarger, C Rebchook, G O'Donnell, L Collins, C AF Harshbarger, Camilla Rebchook, Gregory O'Donnell, Lydia Collins, Charles TI Moving science into practice: The role of technology exchange for HIV/STD prevention SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Res Inst, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Educ Dev Ctr Inc, Newton, MA USA. RP Harshbarger, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-40, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM UZZ9@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 SU A BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.supp.1 PG 2 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079BY UT WOS:000240151700001 ER PT J AU Collins, C Harshbarger, C Sawyer, R Hamdallah, M AF Collins, Charles Harshbarger, Camilla Sawyer, Richard Hamdallah, Myriam TI The diffusion of effective behavioral interventions project: Development, implementation, and lessons learned SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS; RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EFFICACY; WOMEN AB Implementation of evidence-based HIV/STD prevention interventions can play an important role in reducing HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. This article describes the development, implementation, and lessons learned of the Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions (DEBI) project, a strategy funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to diffuse evidence-based, group- and community-level HIV/STD prevention interventions to health departments and community-based organizations nationwide. The article specifically provides an overview of the rationale, description, and theoretical foundation of the project; a review of marketing efforts, including assessment of interests, needs, and capacities relative to the project; a description of project products, their purpose, approach employed to develop them, and their use by implementers; a description of the project's training coordination functions and activities; technical assistance issues; an overview of process and outcome evaluation components; new developments in response to feedback; and a discussion of future directions for DEBI. Project successes and challenges are addressed to inform future efforts to diffuse prevention interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Sect Chief Sci Applicat Team, Capac Bldg Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Collins, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Sect Chief Sci Applicat Team, Capac Bldg Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-40, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 126 Z9 126 U1 5 U2 10 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 SU A BP 5 EP 20 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.supp.5 PG 16 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079BY UT WOS:000240151700002 PM 16987085 ER PT J AU Lyles, CM Crepaz, N Herbst, JH Kay, LS AF Lyles, Cynthia M. Crepaz, Nicole Herbst, Jeffrey H. Kay, Linda S. CA HIV AIDS Prevention Res Synthes TI Evidence-based HIV behavioral prevention from the perspective of the CDCs HIV/AIDS prevention research - Synthesis team SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; INTERVENTION RESEARCH; METAANALYSIS; QUALITY; SERVICES; TRIALS; PROGRAMS; EFFICACY AB The evidence-based approach to health promotion and disease prevention is growing in many public health sectors, including HIV behavioral prevention. This approach is based on utilizing relevant and rigorous scientific evidence, most appropriately identified through a systematic research synthesis process. With regard to HIV behavioral prevention, this research synthesis process provides decision makers and prevention planners with the evidence base and recommendations they need to translate proven scientific research into practice. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention's HIV/AIDS Prevention Research Synthesis Team conducts such research synthesis activities to help improve HIV behavioral prevention efforts. The team's recent systematic review of the literature during 2000 to 2004 identified HIV behavioral interventions with the best scientific evidence of efficacy, called best-evidence behavioral interventions. Challenges still exist, however, for determining which of these interventions should be disseminated and implemented. Once translated into practice, if these best-evidence behavioral interventions are further evaluated for effectiveness, these findings and, perhaps, the synthesis of such findings can be used to further improve HIV behavioral prevention in the field. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lyles, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM clyles@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 SU A BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.supp.21 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079BY UT WOS:000240151700003 PM 16987086 ER PT J AU Eke, AN Neumann, MS Wilkes, AL Jones, PL AF Eke, Agatha N. Neumann, Mary Spink Wilkes, Aisha L. Jones, Patricia L. TI Preparing effective behavioral interventions to be used by prevention providers: The role of researchers during HIV prevention research trials SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL-RISK BEHAVIOR; DEMONSTRATION PROJECTS; RESEARCH PARTNERSHIPS; SERVICE PROVIDERS; COMMUNITY; SCIENCE; AIDS; ADAPTATION; EFFICACY; CITIES AB The likelihood of prevention providers and consumers adopting and implementing evidence-based HIV prevention interventions depends on the strategies employed in translating, packaging, and disseminating the findings from research to practice. Lessons from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Replicating Effective Programs project have shown that to smoothly transfer HIV prevention technology from research to practice, researcher's need to prepare for possible transfer during research trials. Preparation should include documenting details of the intervention beyond what is published in journals, including important details regarding what the intervention was about, how preparations for it were made, and how it was delivered. Researchers should also ensure that all relevant stakeholders are integrally involved in all aspects of the research and technology transfer process. Such collaborations encourage exchange of ideas and can make certain that interventions are designed to be relevant and acceptable to community agencies and feasible for them to implement. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Northrop Grumman Informat Technol, Mclean, VA USA. RP Eke, AN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aee2@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 5 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 SU A BP 44 EP 58 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.supp.44 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079BY UT WOS:000240151700005 PM 16987088 ER PT J AU McKleroy, VS Galbraith, JS Cummings, B Jones, P Harshbarger, C Collins, C Gelaude, D Carey, JW AF McKleroy, Vel S. Galbraith, Jennifer S. Cummings, Beverley Jones, Patricia Harshbarger, Camilla Collins, Charles Gelaude, Deborah Carey, James W. CA ADAPT Team TI Adapting evidence-based behavioral interventions for new settings and target populations SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION; COMMUNITY SCIENCE; RISK BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL RISK; ADAPTATION; FIDELITY; IMPLEMENTATION; TEACHERS; GAP AB Many HIV prevention funding agencies require the use of evidence-based behavioral interventions (EBIs) previously shown to be effective through rigorous outcome evaluation. Often, the implementing agency's setting or target population is different than those in the original implementation and evaluation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, in collaboration with internal and external partners, developed draft guidance to adapt an EBI to fit the cultural context, risk determinants, risk behaviors, and unique circumstances of the agency without competing with or contradicting the core elements and internal logic. The guidance described in this article provides a systematic approach to help agencies identify the most appropriate intervention for their target population and agency capacity, monitor the process, and evaluate the outcomes of the adapted intervention. This guidance, currently being piloted with five community-based organizations, will be revised and disseminated at the conclusion of project activities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McKleroy, VS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM vem4@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 21 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 SU A BP 59 EP 73 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.supp.59 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079BY UT WOS:000240151700006 PM 16987089 ER PT J AU Thomas, CW Smith, BD Wright-DeAguero, L AF Thomas, Craig W. Smith, Bryce D. Wright-DeAguero, Linda TI The program evaluation and monitoring system: A key source of data for monitoring evidence-based HIV prevention program processes and outcomes SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention (DHAP) has responded to the need for accurate and timely data to monitor and evaluate federally funded HIV prevention programs by designing and implementing the Program Evaluation and Monitoring System (PEMS). PEMS is a national data reporting system that includes a standardized set of HIV prevention data variables, Web-based software for data entry and management, data collection and evaluation guidance and training, and software implementation support services. This article discusses the purposes of evaluation and the need for and development of PEMS and also describes how PEMS strengthens the monitoring and evaluation of HIV prevention services nationally and program planning, management, and monitoring locally. PEMS data may be used by prevention stakeholders at all levels to examine program fidelity, adaptation and tailoring, and key program health service utilization and behavioral outcomes. PEMS provides a strong foundation to bring a program closer to its intended goals and to serve the needs of the clients and the community, provides a means for agencies to fulfill their reporting mandates and funding obligations, and enables the CDC to monitor HIV prevention efforts in a consistent, efficient, and effective manner across the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Program Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thomas, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Program Evaluat Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-59, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CWThomas@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 SU A BP 74 EP 80 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.supp.74 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079BY UT WOS:000240151700007 PM 16987090 ER PT J AU Hitt, JC Robbins, AS Galbraith, JS Todd, JD Patel-Larson, A McFarlane, JR Spikes, P Carey, JW AF Hitt, Jeffrey C. Robbins, Ann S. Galbraith, Jennifer S. Todd, Jay D. Patel-Larson, Alpa McFarlane, Jenny R. Spikes, Pilgrim Carey, James W. TI Adaptation and implementation of an evidence-based prevention counseling intervention in Texas SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HIV; EFFICACY AB HIV prevention counseling linked with testing has been shown to reduce high-risk behaviors and new sexually transmitted diseases in public clinic settings. However, few studies have been conducted evaluating the implementation of such models outside a research setting. This study sought to determine the extent to which the introduction of a standard protocol based on Project RESPECT improves the achievement of HIV prevention counseling goals of existing counseling and testing programs. Four prevention counseling programs contracting with the Texas Department of State Health Services completed a standardized 5-day training and implemented the protocols, counseling tools, and quality assurance (QA) procedures developed for the project. Introduction of the protocol was accomplished with existing program resources and significantly improved prevention counseling. Direct observation of counseling sessions demonstrated a significant improvement in attainment for eight of the nine counseling goals of initial sessions and for all counseling goals of follow-up sessions after the protocol was introduced. Client exit questionnaires reinforced this finding. Significant improvement was also found in use of counseling skills, with improvements in 6 of 10 skills observed in initial sessions and 4 of 10 skills in follow-up sessions. Challenges identified through semistructured interviews with counselors and supervisors included serving non-English-speaking and low-risk clients, mastery of the protocol, the amount of time required for QA, and implementation in settings with severe time constraints. C1 Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, HSES, JCH, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hitt, JC (reprint author), Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, HSES, JCH, 1100 W 49th St,H3300,Mail Code 1873, Austin, TX 78756 USA. EM Jeff.Hitt@dshs.state.tx.us NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 SU A BP 108 EP 118 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.supp.108 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079BY UT WOS:000240151700010 PM 16987093 ER PT J AU Somerville, GG Diaz, S Davis, S Coleman, KD Taveras, S AF Somerville, Gerlinda Gallegos Diaz, Steven Davis, Shelley Coleman, Kimberly D. Taveras, Samuel TI Adapting the popular opinion leader intervention for Latino young migrant men who have sex with men SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HIV; RISK; TRANSMISSION; REDUCTION; BEHAVIORS; LABORERS; BELIEFS; AIDS AB Young Latino migrant men who have sex with men are at high risk for HIV infection. The Popular Opinion Leader intervention, shown to be effective with White gay men, was adapted by the Farmworker justice Fund, Inc., for this Latino migrant population. This project, called the Young Latino Promotores, was implemented over a 2-year period by community-based organizations in Vista, California, and McAllen, Texas, with capacity building assistance from the Farmworker justice Fund, Inc. We report on challenges, preliminary findings, and lessons learned from adapting this intervention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Behav & Social Sci Volunteer Program, Washington, DC USA. RP Davis, S (reprint author), 1010 Vermont Ave NW,Suite 915, Washington, DC 20005 USA. EM sdavis@nclr.org NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 SU A BP 137 EP 148 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.supp.137 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079BY UT WOS:000240151700012 PM 16987095 ER PT J AU Prather, C Fuller, TR King, W Brown, M Moering, M Little, S Phillips, K AF Prather, Cynthia Fuller, Taleria R. King, Winifred Brown, Mari Moering, Marilyn Little, Stacey Phillips, Keydra TI Diffusing an HIV prevention intervention for African American women: Integrating Afrocentric components into the SISTA diffusion strategy SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; EFFICACY; AIDS AB Although race and gender are not indicators for HIV/AIDS, both have disproportionately impacted African American women. African American women represent 13% of the U.S. female population and 67% of the AIDS cases among women (Fitzpatrick, The U.S. HIV/AIDS Epidemic in Women and Adolescent Females, HIV Prevention Conference, Atlanta, GA, 2005). The statistics underscore the need for targeted interventions that employ culturally relevant activities to enhance self-esteem and communication skills while encouraging positive behavior change. Factors facilitating intervention effectiveness include culturally relevant components such as cultural practices, beliefs, values, norms, and ideologies (Janz et al., "Evaluation of 37 AIDS Projects," Health Education Quarterly, 23(l), 80-97, 1996). HIV prevention programs targeting African American women should incorporate an approach that includes ethnic heritage as a means to instill pride, thereby motivating positive behavior change and empowering women. Afrocentric approaches incorporate philosophies relevant to people of African descent and may be spiritually based. Coupling culturally relevant HIV prevention interventions with a culturally relevant diffusion strategy may enhance community receptiveness. The SISTA intervention (DiClemente & Wingood, "A Randomized Controlled Trial of an HIV Sexual Risk Reduction Intervention for Young African-American Women," Journal of the American Medical Association, 274(16), 1271-1276, 1995) incorporates both culturally and gender-relevant activities to empower African American women to make healthy life choices. The article presents the strategy used to nationally diffuse SISTA, which incorporated Afrocentric components within implementation delivery. Lessons learned demonstrate the significance of integrating additional Afrocentric and gender-relevant material to an existing intervention for African American women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Bldg Bridges Inc, Jackson, MS USA. Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. RP Prather, C (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-40, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdp2@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 SU A BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.supp.149 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079BY UT WOS:000240151700013 PM 16987096 ER PT J AU Harshbarger, C Simmons, G Coelho, H Sloop, K Collins, C AF Harshbarger, Camilla Simmons, Gretchen Coelho, Helen Sloop, Kira Collins, Charles TI An empirical assessment of implementation, adaptation, and tailoring: The evaluation of CDC's national diffusion of VOICES/VOCES SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS; TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER; CONDOM ACQUISITION; PATIENT EDUCATION; SERVICE PROVIDERS; SCIENCE; FIDELITY AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), through its Diffusion of Effective Behavioral Interventions (DEBI) program, trained over 260 agencies on VOICES/VOCES between August 2003 and April 2005. ORC Macro conducted interviews with agency staff 3 months after receiving VOICES/VOCES training. This article discusses the diffusion of VOICES/VOCES; agencies' adoption, adaptation, and implementation of this intervention; and needs for ongoing proactive technical assistance (TA) for agencies to successfully integrate behavioral interventions into their programs. The vast majority of agencies implemented VOICES/VOCES with fidelity to the core elements, and agencies successfully adapted the intervention to make it more appealing to target populations. TA is needed for interventions to be successfully adapted and implemented with fidelity to the core elements, and to ensure program sustainability. More effective interventions of short duration and minimum complexity to easily match with existing resources and conditions of agency capacity among HIV prevention providers in the community are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harshbarger, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-40, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM UZZ9@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 SU A BP 184 EP 197 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.supp.184 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 079BY UT WOS:000240151700016 PM 16987099 ER PT J AU Richter, DL Potts, LH Prince, MS Dauner, KN Reininger, BM Thompson-Robinson, M Corwin, SJ Getty, C Jones, R AF Richter, Donna L. Potts, Linda H. Prince, Mary S. Dauner, Kim Nichols Reininger, Belinda M. Thompson-Robinson, Melva Corwin, Sara J. Getty, Cindy Jones, Rhondette TI Development of a curriculum to enhance community-based organizations' capacity for effective HIV prevention programming and management SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH PROMOTION; AIDS AB Community-based organizations (CBOs), particularly minority-based CBOs, are instrumental in the delivery of HIV/AIDS prevention programs and services. Despite a tremendous need, many CBOs lack the capacity to plan, implement, and evaluate targeted prevention interventions to serve culturally diverse populations. This article describes a comprehensive, innovative curriculum for building capacity within CBOs providing HIV prevention programming. An overview of the process through which the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Association of Schools of Public Health Institute for HIV Prevention Leadership evolved is discussed. The development of the curriculum occurred in four phases: needs assessment, curricular design, implementation, and evaluation. A description of the Institute's evaluation strategies and procedures are described. Selected preliminary evaluation results from two cohorts of participants indicate significant knowledge gains and high levels of satisfaction with the Institute sessions, assignments, and faculty. The Institute's model shows promise for the provision of capacity building education at the individual and organizational level for community-based professionals implementing HIV prevention programs. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Educ Promot & Behav, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Hlth Consulting Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Promot Works, Pawleys Isl, SC USA. Univ Texas, Houston Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77025 USA. Univ Las Vegas, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Promot, Las Vegas, NV USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Capac Bldg Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dauner, KN (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Educ Promot & Behav, 800 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM kndauner@sc.edu RI Thompson-Robinson, Melva/I-3229-2016 OI Thompson-Robinson, Melva/0000-0001-8383-2360 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 362 EP 374 DI 10.1521/aeap.2006.18.4.362 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 077FH UT WOS:000240013000007 PM 16961452 ER PT J AU Cummins, JE Christensen, L Lennox, JL Bush, TJ Wu, ZW Malamud, D Evans-Strickfaden, T Siddig, A Caliendo, AM Hart, CE Dezzutti, CS AF Cummins, James E., Jr. Christensen, Logan Lennox, Jeffery L. Bush, Timothy J. Wu, Zhiwei Malamud, Daniel Evans-Strickfaden, Tammy Siddig, Aladin Caliendo, Angela M. Hart, Clyde E. Dezzutti, Charlene S. TI Mucosal innate immune factors in the female genital tract are associated with vaginal HIV-1 shedding independent of plasma viral load SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; TYPE-1 RNA LEVELS; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; CERVICOVAGINAL SECRETIONS; PROTEIN LACTOFERRIN; SEX WORKERS; DNA LOADS; INFECTION AB Recent studies indicate that mucosal innate immune factors modulate HIV-1 infection in vitro. Our interest was to examine the levels of innate mucosal factors for their potential association with HIV-1 shedding in the female genital tract. Vaginal lavages were collected from HIV-1-infected women who had vaginal viral loads (VVL) that were below, within, or above the 90% confidence interval (CI) predicted by their matched plasma viral loads. Innate immune factors [cathepsin D, lactoferrin (Lf), myeloid related protein (MRP)-8, MRP-8114, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, and gp340], cytokines (IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha), and chemokines (MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, RANTES, and SDF-1 alpha) were quantified by ELISA. Leukocyte levels were determined using a leukocyte reagent strip for urinalysis. Lf, MRP-8/14, gp340, and IL-1 beta levels were significantly higher in vaginal lavages above the 90% CI and generally correlated with each other and with VVL. Leukocyte levels were significantly higher in the lavages that had virus shedding above the 90% CI and correlated strongly with Lf levels and VVL. In this group of women, these results suggest that the levels of certain innate immune factors are more closely associated with HIV-1 shedding in the genital mucosa than plasma virus concentrations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Emory Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Dent Med, Dept Biochem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Cummins, JE (reprint author), So Res Inst, 431 Aviat Way, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. EM cummins@sri.org RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014; OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565; Christensen, Logan/0000-0001-5736-8437; Malamud, Daniel/0000-0002-9094-4122 FU NICHD NIH HHS [5 F32 HD40727]; NIDA NIH HHS [P30 DA 12121]; NIDCR NIH HHS [DE14825]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU412279] NR 52 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 788 EP 795 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.22.788 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 078GI UT WOS:000240090100011 PM 16910835 ER PT J AU Ndongmo, CB Pieniazek, D Holberg-Petersen, M Holm-Hansen, C Zekeng, L Jeansson, SL Kaptue, L Kalish, ML AF Ndongmo, Clement B. Pieniazek, Danuta Holberg-Petersen, Mona Holm-Hansen, Carol Zekeng, Leopold Jeansson, Stig L. Kaptue, Lazare Kalish, Marcia L. TI HIV genetic diversity in Cameroon: Possible public health importance SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID GROUP-O; TYPE-1; INFECTIONS; CRF02-AG; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS; VIRUSES; COMMON AB To monitor the evolving molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of HIV in a country where many distinct strains cocirculate, we performed genetic analyses on sequences from 75 HIV-1-infected Cameroonians: 74 were group M and 1 was group O. Of the group M sequences, 74 were classified into the following env gp41 subtypes or recombinant forms: CRF02 (n = 54), CRF09 (n = 2), CRF13 (n = 2), A (n = 5), CRF11 (n = 4), CRF06 (n = 1), G (n = 2), F2 (n = 2), and E (n = 1, CRF01), and 1 was a JG recombinant. Comparison of phylogenies for 70 matched gp41 and protease sequences showed inconsistent classifications for 18 (26%) strains. Our data show that recombination is rampant in Cameroon with recombinant viruses continuing to recombine, adding to the complexity of circulating HIV strains. This expanding genetic diversity raises public health concerns for the ability of diagnostic assays to detect these unique HIV mosaic variants and for the development of broadly effective HIV vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Oslo, Ullevaal Hosp, Dept Microbiol, N-0407 Oslo, Norway. Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Oslo, Norway. Minist Hlth, Lab Sante Hyg Mobile, Yaounde, Cameroon. Fac Med, Dept Hematol & Immunol, Yaounde, Cameroon. RP Kalish, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mlk3@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 812 EP 816 DI 10.1089/aid.2006.22.812 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 078GI UT WOS:000240090100015 PM 16910839 ER PT J AU Floyd, RL O'Connor, MJ Bertrand, J Sokol, R AF Floyd, R. Louise O'Connor, Mary J. Bertrand, Jacquelyn Sokol, Robert TI Reducing adverse outcomes from prenatal alcohol exposure: A clinical plan of action SO ALCOHOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; fetal alcohol syndrome; screening women for alcohol use; pregnancy and alcohol; brief intervention ID IDENTIFICATION TEST AUDIT; RISK-DRINKING; SCREENING QUESTIONNAIRES; BRIEF INTERVENTION; USE DISORDERS; PREGNANCY; CHILDREN; WOMEN; RECOGNITION; CONSUMPTION AB Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs) are among the leading preventable causes of developmental disorders in the United States; however, recognition and prevention of these conditions cannot be achieved without informed and educated health providers. This commentary addresses the importance of recognition and prevention of FASDs through the use of well-established standardized practices of diagnosis, screening, and brief alcohol reduction counseling. It is hoped that more knowledge on currently available procedures will encourage their use in the provision of routine health care to all women of childbearing age. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP O'Connor, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Biobehav Sci, Rm 68-265A,760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. EM moconnor@mednet.ucla.edu NR 51 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-6008 J9 ALCOHOL CLIN EXP RES JI Alcoholism (NY) PD AUG PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1271 EP 1275 DI 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00175.x PG 5 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 065VA UT WOS:000239186800001 PM 16899029 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Schleicher, RL Mokdad, AH Ajani, UA Liu, SM AF Ford, Earl S. Schleicher, Rosemary L. Mokdad, Ali H. Ajani, Umed A. Liu, Simin TI Distribution of serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in the US population SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE alpha-tocopherol; ethnic groups; gamma-tocopherol; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; NHANES; nutrition surveys; United States; vitamin E ID VITAMIN-E STATUS; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; RANDOMIZED-TRIALS; BETA-CAROTENE; UNITED-STATES; DIETARY; PLASMA AB Background: Although the population distribution of serum concentrations of a-tocopherol has been described in the United States, little is known about the distribution of gamma-tocopherol or the ratio of a-tocopherol to gamma-tocophcrol. Objective: Our aim was to describe the distribution of serum concentrations of a-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Design: We reviewed data from 4087 adults aged >= 20 y who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2000). Concentrations of a-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol were measured by using HPLC with ultraviolet-visible wavelength detection. Results: The arithmetic mean (+/- SEM) of serum concentrations of a-tocopherol was 30.09 +/- 0.45 mu mol/L, the median was 25.94 mu mol/L, and the geometric mean ( SEM) was 27.39 +/- 0.38 mu mol/L. The arithmetic mean of serum concentrations of, gamma-tocopherol was 5.74 +/- 0.22 mu mol/L, the median was 5.25 mu mol/L, and the geometric mean was 4.79 +/- 0.18 mu mol/L. The median ratio of a-tocopherol to total cholesterol was 4.93 mu mol/mmol, that of, gamma-tocopherol to total cholesterol was 1.03 mu mol/mmol, and that of a-tocopherol to gamma-tocopherol was 4.53 mu mol/mmol. Concentrations of a-tocopherol increased significantly (P for trend < 0.001) with age and were significantly (P = 0.015) lower in men than in women. African Americans and Mexican Americans had significantly (P < 0.001) lower concentrations of a-tocopherol than did whites. The median concentrations of gamma-tocopherol showed a trend with respect to age. did not differ significantly between men and women, and were slightly but nonsignificantly lower in white participants than in African American or Mexican American participants. Conclusion: Sociodemographic variations in serum concentrations of a-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol exist among US adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 51 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0002-9165 EI 1938-3207 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 84 IS 2 BP 375 EP 383 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 072LG UT WOS:000239674300016 PM 16895886 ER PT J AU Hinman, AR Orenstein, WA Rodewald, LE AF Hinman, Alan R. Orenstein, Walter A. Rodewald, Lance E. TI Vaccines - Victories and challenges SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hinman, AR (reprint author), Task Force Child Survival & Dev, 750 Commerce Dr,Suite 400, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. EM ahinman@taskforce.org NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 3 BP 197 EP 199 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj205 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 068QX UT WOS:000239390600001 ER PT J AU Ahn, YS Park, RM Stayner, L Kang, SK Jang, JK AF Ahn, Yeon-Soon Park, Robert M. Stayner, Leslie Kang, Seong-Kyu Jang, Jae-Kil TI Cancer morbidity in iron and steel workers in Korea SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE iron and steel industry; lung cancer; lymphohematopoietic cancer; stomach cancer; coke ovens ID OCCUPATIONAL RISK-FACTORS; COKE-OVEN PLANT; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; LUNG-CANCER; CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS; BENZENE EXPOSURE; BLADDER-CANCER; MORTALITY; LEUKEMIA; POPULATION AB Background In the iron and steel industry, workers are potentially exposed to a number of carcinogens and are involved in a number of processes of a hazardous nature. The cancer morbidity of iron and steel workers from modern plants in a developing country is described. Methods Cancer morbidity at two Korean iron and steel complexes was analyzed using Poisson regression methods. Work histories were merged with the national cancer registry for 44,974 workers who were followed from 1988-2001. Results Four hundred sixty-four cancers, in 1% of the population, were diagnosed over 14 years. Based on national cancer rates, the cohort exhibited a healthy worker effect for all cancer (SIR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.79-0.95) reflecting relative good health, particularly for lung cancer (SIR= 0.58, 95% CI = 0. 04-0.82), stomach cancer (SIR= 0.78, 95% CI = 0.64-0.93), and liver cancer (SIR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.68-1.01). Lung cancer morbidity was significantly elevated at the affiliated plants versus the parent plants (SRR = 2.35, 95% CI =1.07-4.92), and all-cancer morbidity was significantly elevated for maintenance workers compared to office and production workers (SRR =1.27, 95% CI =1.00-1.60). Lymphohematopoietic cancer incidence was higher in the coke plants (SRR = 3.46, 95% CI= 1.02-8.91) and stomach cancer incidence was higher in the maintenance departments (SRR =1.66, 95% CI= 1.05-2.56). Conclusions This recent steelworker cohort exhibits possible excess cancer morbidity in some processing areas. Further follow-up of this cohort and alternate study designs such as case-control study will be needed to elucidate the relationship of exposure and health risks of iron and steel workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:647-657, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Korea Occupat Safety & Hlth Agcy, Occupat Safety & Hlth Inst, Ctr Occupat Dis Res, Inchon, South Korea. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. RP Ahn, YS (reprint author), Korea Occupat Safety & Hlth Agcy, Occupat Safety & Hlth Inst, Ctr Occupat Dis Res, 403-711,34-4 Gusan Dong, Inchon, South Korea. EM ysahn@kosha.net NR 46 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 8 BP 647 EP 657 DI 10.1002/ajim.20337 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 067GQ UT WOS:000239290300007 PM 16804912 ER PT J AU Nakata, A Ikeda, T Takahashi, M Haratani, T Hojou, M Fujioka, Y Swanson, NG Araki, S AF Nakata, Akinori Ikeda, Tomoko Takahashi, Masaya Haratani, Takashi Hojou, Minoru Fujioka, Yosei Swanson, Naomi G. Araki, Shunichi TI Impact of psychosocial job stress on non-fatal occupational injuries in small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE job stress; occupational injury; small and medium-sized enterprise; manufacturing; generic job stress questionnaire ID WORKING HOURS; RISK-FACTORS; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; ACCIDENT RATES; SHIFT-WORKERS; UNITED-STATES; SLEEP; PERSONNEL; COMPANY; AGE AB Background Workers involved in manufacturing are known to comprise a high-risk population for occupational injury, and this risk is greater in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The purpose of this study was to examine the association between psychosocial job stress and occupational injuries among workers in SMEs. Methods One thousand forty-nine men and 721 women from 244 SMEs participated in this study. Perceived job stress was evaluated with the Japanese version of the generic job stress questionnaire, which covered 14 job stress variables. Occupational injury was assessed by self-report during the last 1-year period. Results Workers with high quantitative workload (odds ratio (OR] =1.55 for men, 1.62 for women), high cognitive demands (OR =1.70 for men, 1.53 for women), and low job satisfaction (OR =1.33 for men, 1.93 for women) had a significantly increased risk of occupational injury in the multivariate model. High variance in workload (OR =1.70) and high job future ambiguity (OR =1.35) in men, and low job control (OR = 2.04) and high intragroup conflict (OR =1.66) in women were significantly associated with occupational injury. In manufacturing/production workers, high quantitative workload (OR =1.91), high variance in workload (OR= 2.02), and high depressive symptoms (OR =1.55) were significantly associated with injury in men, while low social support from colleagues (OR = 2.36) or family (OR = 2.51) was related to injury in women. Conclusions These data point to an independent relationship between psychosocial job stress and self-reported occupational injury in SMEs. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:658-669, 2006. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. Ibaraki Univ, Sch Hlth Sci, Dept Nursing, Ibaraki, Japan. Ota Reg Occupat Hlth Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Occupat Med, Tokyo, Japan. RP Nakata, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, MS-C24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM nakataa-tky@umin.ac.jp RI Nakata, Akinori/A-2399-2008 NR 44 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 49 IS 8 BP 658 EP 669 DI 10.1002/ajim.20338 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 067GQ UT WOS:000239290300008 PM 16758484 ER PT J AU Bettiker, RL Axelrod, PI Fekete, T John, KS Truant, A Toney, S Yakrus, MA AF Bettiker, Robert L. Axelrod, Peter I. Fekete, Thomas John, Keith St. Truant, Allan Toney, Sean Yakrus, Mitchell A. TI Delayed recognition of a pseudo-outbreak of Mycobacterium terrae SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID BLOOD CULTURES; FORTUITUM; COMPLEX AB Pseudo-outbreaks of mycobacteria are difficult to recognize because of long incubation periods for growth and species identification. We report our experience with one clinical microbiology laboratory that isolated a species of nontuberculous mycobacteria from 14 patient specimens. These specimens came from 12 patients at 2 hospitals over a 6-day period and included 6 different fluids or tissues. Because of the delay between mycobacterial specimen submission and growth in culture, the outbreak was not noted until more than a month later. Initial species determination by a reference laboratory indicated that these isolates were Mycobacterium fortuitum. One patient received treatment for presumed M fortuitum brain infection, and it was not effective in changing her clinical course. The isolates were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for identification and typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The CDC determined that the isolates were an identical strain of M terrae, thus confirming a pseudo-outbreak. Combining pseudo-outbreak isolates with those correctly identified initially as M terrae during the 6-day period in question, there were 22 samples from 20 patients with M terrae. Since the pseudo-outbreak, the number of cultures of M terrae in the clinical laboratory has returned to baseline levels without any specific intervention. C1 Temple Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. Childrens Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bettiker, RL (reprint author), 3401 N Broad St,5-PP, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. EM robert.bettiker@temple.edu NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD AUG PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 343 EP 347 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.12.016 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 071OR UT WOS:000239612000004 PM 16877101 ER PT J AU Ghosh, TS Vogt, RL AF Ghosh, Tista S. Vogt, Richard L. TI Cluster of invasive salmonellosis cases in a federal prison in Colorado SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES; UNITED-STATES; BURDEN AB We report a cluster of 3 cases of invasive salmonellosis without gastroenteritis among prisoners, in the absence of a gastroenteritis outbreak. Raw foods illicitly taken from the prison kitchen and improperly stored and prepared were possible sources of infection. We describe the investigation of this cluster and discuss the unique implications of invasive, nongastroenteritis salmonellosis in the prison setting, both for clinicians and for public health agencies that seek to control infections in prisons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Off Workforce & Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. TriCty Hlth Dept, Greenwood Village, CO USA. RP Vogt, RL (reprint author), 7000 E Belleview Ave,Suite 301, Greenwood Village, CO 80111 USA. EM rvogt@tchd.org NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD AUG PY 2006 VL 34 IS 6 BP 348 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.09.010 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 071OR UT WOS:000239612000005 PM 16877102 ER PT J AU Basile, KC Swahn, MH Chen, JR Saltzman, LE AF Basile, Kathleen C. Swahn, Monica H. Chen, Jieru Saltzman, Linda E. TI Stalking in the United States - Recent national prevalence estimates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIOLENCE AB Background: Stalking is a major public health concern, primarily for women, and is associated with many adverse health outcomes, including death. However, the prevalence of stalking among adults in the United States has not been assessed since 1995-1996. The objective of this analysis is to provide more recent national estimates on lifetime stalking and demographic characteristics of stalking victims. Methods: A sample of adults aged 18 years and older living in the United States (n =9684) participated in the second Injury Control and Risk Survey (ICARIS-2), a cross-sectional, random-digit-dial telephone survey conducted from 2001 to 2003. Analyses conducted in 2005 focused on the respondents' reports of having ever been stalked in a way that was somewhat dangerous or life-threatening. Results: In the United States, 4.5% of adults reported having ever been stalked. Women had significantly higher prevalence (7%) of stalking victimization than did men (2%) (odds ratio [OR]=3.68, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.77-4.90). People who were never married (OR=1.43, 95%CI=1.03-1.99) or who were separated, widowed, or divorced (OR= 1.68, 95% CI= 1.28-2.21) had significantly higher odds of being stalked than those who were married or had a partner. People aged 55 years or older and those who were retired were least likely to report stalking victimization. Conclusions: Comparable to previous national estimates, this study shows that stalking affects many adults. Nearly 1 in 22 adults (almost 10 million, approximately 80% of whom were women) in the United States were stalked at some time in their lives. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Basile, KC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kbasile@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 172 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.028 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 065UP UT WOS:000239185600009 PM 16829335 ER PT J AU Davis, MM Broder, KR Cowan, AE Mijalski, C Kretsinger, K Stokley, S Clark, SJ AF Davis, Matthew M. Broder, Karen R. Cowan, Anne E. Mijalski, Christina Kretsinger, Katrina Stokley, Shannon Clark, Sarah J. TI Physician attitudes and preferences about combined Tdap vaccines for adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; RESPONSE RATES; IMMUNIZATION PRACTICES; NATIONAL-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; PERTUSSIS; PEDIATRICIANS; ADULTS; IMPLEMENTATION AB Background: Combined tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) boosters for adolescents are a new strategy to prevent pertussis. We examined the current practices of pediatricians and family physicians regarding adolescent tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) vaccine immunizations and providers' potential adherence to new Tdap recommendations for adolescents. Methods: Using a brief survey instrument sent to a random sample of pediatricians and family physicians in January 2005, we assessed providers' patterns of administration of Td boosters, barriers to Td boosters, and agreement that pertussis vaccination of adolescents is warranted. Results of analyses in February 2005 were presented to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to inform its deliberations regarding adolescent Tdap vaccination. Results: The overall response rate was 56% (57% pediatricians, 55% family physicians). Among 297 respondents (154 pediatricians, 143 family physicians) eligible for analysis because they provide care to adolescents, pediatricians (77%) were significantly more likely than family physicians (51%, p < 0.0001) to report that they routinely administer Td at preventive care visits for adolescents aged 11 to 12 years, but otherwise the specialties were similar in their Td practices. Forty-four percent of respondents cited infrequency of adolescent visits as a barrier to Td immunization. Slightly more than half the sample (57%) agreed or strongly agreed that pertussis is serious enough to warrant replacing Td with Tdap for adolescents; pediatricians (70%) were significantly more likely than family physicians (42%, p < 0.0001) to endorse this statement. Conclusions: This national survey indicates moderate willingness, stronger among pediatricians than among family physicians, to support recommendations for Tdap among adolescents. In February 2006, CDC released recommendations that adolescents aged 11 to 18 (preferred age 11 to 12) receive a single close of Tdap in place of Td if they have not already received the latter. Near-term efforts regarding Tdap recommendations must address providers' concerns about infrequent routine visits for adolescents and convince more physicians of the importance of pertussis booster immunization during adolescence. C1 Univ Michigan, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Gerald R Ford Sch Publ Policy, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Commiss Corps US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, MM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Div Gen Pediat, 300 NIB,6C23, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mattdav@med.umich.edu NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 31 IS 2 BP 176 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.023 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 065UP UT WOS:000239185600010 PM 16913066 ER PT J AU Burman, WJ Goldberg, S Johnson, JL Muzanye, G Eagle, M Mosher, AW Choudhri, S Daley, CL Munsiff, SS Zhao, Z Vernon, A Chaisson, RE AF Burman, William J. Goldberg, Stefan Johnson, John L. Muzanye, Grace Eagle, Melissa Mosher, Ann W. Choudhri, Shurjeel Daley, Charles L. Munsiff, Sonal S. Zhao, Zhen Vernon, Andrew Chaisson, Richard E. CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI Moxifloxacin versus ethambutol in the first 2 months of treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE efficacy; moxifloxacin; randomized trial; toxicity; tuberculosis ID EARLY BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MURINE TUBERCULOSIS; CONTAINING REGIMENS; WEEKLY RIFAPENTINE; GATIFLOXACIN; OFLOXACIN; DURATION; THERAPY; CULTURE AB Rationale: Moxifloxacin has promising preclinical activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but has not been evaluated in multidrug treatment of tuberculosis in humans. Objective: To compare the impact of moxifloxacin versus ethambutol, both in combination with isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide, on sputum culture conversion at 2 mo as a measure of the potential sterilizing activity of alternate induction regimens. Methods: Adults with smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis were randomized in a factorial design to receive moxifloxacin (400 mg) versus ethambutol given 5 d/wk versus 3 d/wk (after 2 wk of daily therapy). All doses were directly observed. Measurements: The primary endpoint was sputum culture status at 2 mo of treatment. Results: Of 336 patients enrolled, 277 (82%) were eligible for the efficacy analysis, 186 (67%) were male, 175 (63%) were enrolled at African sites, 206 (74%) had cavitation on chest radiograph, and 60 (22%) had HIV infection. Two-month cultures were negative in 71% of patients (99 of 139) treated with moxifloxacin versus 71% (98 of 138) treated with ethambutol (p = 0.97). Patients receiving moxifloxacin, however, more often had negative cultures after 4 wk of treatment. Patients treated with moxifloxacin more often reported nausea (22 vs. 9%, p = 0.002), but similar proportions completed study treatment (88 vs. 89%). Dosing frequency had little effect on 2-mo culture status or tolerability of therapy. Conclusions: The addition of moxifloxacin to isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide did not affect 2-mo sputum culture status but did show increased activity at earlier time points. C1 Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Uganda Case Western Res Univ Res Collobarat, Kampala, Uganda. S Tex Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Bayer Inc, West Haven, CT USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr TB Res, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Burman, WJ (reprint author), 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM bburman@dhha.org NR 34 TC 184 Z9 196 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 174 IS 3 BP 331 EP 338 DI 10.1164/rccm.200603-360OC PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 068ZW UT WOS:000239415200018 PM 16675781 ER PT J AU Khan, A Sterling, TR Reves, R Vernon, A Horsburgh, CR AF Khan, Awal Sterling, Timothy R. Reves, Randall Vernon, Andrew Horsburgh, C. Robert CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI Lack of weight gain and relapse risk in a large Tuberculosis Treatment Trial SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE body mass index; clinical trial; relapse; tuberculosis; weight ID PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MALNUTRITION; IDENTIFICATION; CHEMOTHERAPY; ADULTS AB Background: Readily identified markers of tuberculosis relapse risk are needed, particularly in resource-limited settings. The association between weight gain or loss during antituberculosis therapy and relapse has not been well studied. Methods: Subjects in the Tuberculosis Trials Consortium Study 22 were studied. Underweight was defined as 10% or more below ideal body weight at diagnosis. Weight change was assessed between (1) diagnosis and completion of induction phase therapy, (2) diagnosis and end of continuation phase therapy, and (3) completion of induction to completion of continuation phase therapy. Results: A total of 857 subjects were monitored for 2 yr, and 61 of 857 (7.1%) relapsed. Relapse risk was high among persons who were underweight at diagnosis (19.1 vs. 4.8%; p < 0.001) or who had a body mass index of less than 18.5 kg/m(2) (19.5 vs. 5.8%; p < 0.001). Among persons who were underweight at diagnosis, weight gain of 5% or less between diagnosis and completion of 2-mo intensive phase therapy was moderately associated with an increased relapse risk (18.4 vs. 10.3%; relative risk, 1.79, 95% confidence interval, 0.96-3.32; p = 0.06). In a multivariate logistic regression model that was adjusted for other risk factors, a weight gain of 5% or less between diagnosis and completion of 2-mo, intensive phase therapy among persons underweight at diagnosis was significantly associated with relapse risk (odds ratio, 2.4; p = 0.03). Conclusions: Among persons underweight at diagnosis, weight gain of 5% or less during the first 2 mo of treatment is associated with an increased relapse risk. Such high-risk patients can be easily identified, even in resource-poor settings. Additional studies are warranted to identify interventions to decrease risk of relapse in such patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TBTC Data & Coordinating Ctr, Clin & Hlth Syst Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Nashville, TN USA. Denver Hlth & Hosp, Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Khan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TBTC Data & Coordinating Ctr, Clin & Hlth Syst Res Branch, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aek5@cdc.gov OI Horsburgh, C./0000-0001-6838-7895 NR 15 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 174 IS 3 BP 344 EP 348 DI 10.1164/rccm.200511-1834OC PG 5 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 068ZW UT WOS:000239415200020 PM 16709935 ER PT J AU Sirima, SB Cotte, AH Konate, A Moran, AC Asamoa, K Bougouma, EC Diarra, A Ouedraogo, A Parise, ME Newman, RD AF Sirima, Sodiomon B. Cotte, Annett H. Konate, Amadou Moran, Allisyn C. Asamoa, Kwame Bougouma, Edith C. Diarra, Amidou Ouedraogo, Alphonse Parise, Monica E. Newman, Robert D. TI Malaria prevention during pregnancy: Assessing the disease burden one year after implementing a program of intermittent preventive treatment in Koupela District, Burkina Faso SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; RURAL MALAWI; KENYA; WOMEN; CHLOROQUINE; INFECTION; EFFICACY AB The World Health Organization recommends that pregnant women in malaria-endemic areas receive ! 2 doses of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp/SP) in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy to prevent maternal anemia, placental parasitemia, and low birth weight (LBW). In 2001, a program evaluation in Koupela District, Burkina Faso demonstrated that despite widespread use of chloroquine chemoprophy-laxis the burden of malaria during pregnancy remained high. In 2003, the Burkina Faso Ministry of Health piloted a program of IPTp/SP (three doses) and accelerated distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITN) to pregnant women in Koupela District. In 2004, a follow-up program evaluation was conducted. Coverage with >= 1doses of IPTp/SP was high among women attending antenatal clinics (ANCs) (96.2%) and delivery units (DUs) (93.5%); ITN ownership was moderately high (ANC = 53.9%, DU = 61.6%). In multivariate analysis, : 1 dose of IPTp/SP was associated with a significant reduction in the prevalence of peripheral parasitemia at ANCs (risk ratio [RR] = 0.49, P = 0.008), ! 2 doses of IPTp/SP were associated with a reduction in the prevalence of placental parasitemia (RR = 0.565 P = 0.02), and three doses of IPTp/SP were associated with a reduced risk of LBW (RR = 0.51, P = 0.04). The proportions of women at ANCs with peripheral parasitemia and anemia were significantly lower in 2004 than in 2001 (RR = 0.53, P = 0.001 and RR = 0.78, P = 0.003, respectively). The proportions of women at DUs with peripheral and placental parasitemia were also significantly lower in 2004 than in 2001 (RR = 0.66, P < 0.0001 and RR = 0.71, P = 0.0002, respectively). These data suggest that a package of IPTp/SP and ITNs is effective in reducing the burden of malaria during pregnancy in Burkina Faso. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minst Sante, Ctr Natl Rech & Format Paludisme, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. JHPIEGO Corp, Neonatal Hlth Program, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Newman, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rnewman@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 75 IS 2 BP 205 EP 211 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 072ND UT WOS:000239679200005 PM 16896120 ER PT J AU Vellozzi, C Mitchell, T Miller, E Casey, CG Eidex, RB Hayes, EB AF Vellozzi, Claudia Mitchell, Tarissa Miller, Elaine Casey, Christine G. Eidex, Rachel Barwick Hayes, Edward B. CA Yellow Fever Vaccine Safety TI Yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) and corticosteroid therapy: Eleven United States cases, 1996-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SEPTIC SHOCK; DOUBLE-BLIND; PHASE-III; IMMUNOGENICITY; SEPSIS; SAFETY; TRIAL AB During 1996 through 2004, 29 cases of yellow fever vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) have been reported worldwide; 17 were fatal. Stress-dose corticosteroid (SDS) therapy has recently been found to improve survival among patients with septic shock but benefit for the treatment of YEL-AVD patients in septic shock is unknown. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 11 U.S. YEL-AVD cases reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 1996 through 2004. Four of 11 case-patients received SDS; 3 of these 4 (75%) survived. Seven patients did not receive SDS and 2 (29%) survived. Altered mental status was documented on admission for 5 of the 11 patients; 4 of these 5 did not receive SDS and died, whereas one received SDS and survived. The use of stress-dose steroids might be a factor that influenced the survival of these YEL-AVD patients and should be further evaluated in the management of both YEL-AVD and wild-type yellow fever septic shock. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston Combined Residency Program Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Logist Hlth Inc, La Crosse, WI USA. Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vellozzi, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cvellozzi@cdc.gov; tarissa.mitchell@gmail.com; emiller@cdc.gov; REidex@cdc.gov; NHayes1@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 EI 1476-1645 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 75 IS 2 BP 333 EP 336 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 072ND UT WOS:000239679200029 PM 16896144 ER PT J AU Chambers, DM McElprang, DO Waterhouse, MG Blount, BC AF Chambers, David M. McElprang, David O. Waterhouse, Michael G. Blount, Benjamin C. TI An improved approach for accurate quantitation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene in blood SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HEADSPACE GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PER-TRILLION LEVEL; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; HUMAN EXPOSURE; INCREASED RISK; ACUTE-LEUKEMIA; SMOKING AB Widespread exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene (BTEXS) and the potential for this exposure to cause health effects drives the need to develop improved methods for measuring exposure. In this work, we demonstrate our latest assay for quantifying BTEXS in blood and characterize sources of both positive and negative biases. This method involves blood sample collection using common techniques followed by static headspace sampling using solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry analysis. We found that the greatest and unexpected source of positive bias was from contamination of butyl rubber materials used in sample preparation consumables such as Vacutainer stoppers, syringe plungers, and sample vial septa. Conversely, the primary cause of negative bias observed was from the diffusion loss of BTEXS from blood during transfer into sample vials. By minimizing or eliminating these and other sources of bias, we improved method accuracy and precision to within 10% while maintaining low-picogram per milliliter detection. Furthermore, upon comparison of these results with those from other laboratories, we observe substantially lower blood BTEXS levels reported to date for nonoccupationally exposed nonsmokers. A relatively unbiased method, as such, will help elucidate any potential associations between adverse health effects and human exposure to low levels of BTEXS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chambers, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 15 BP 5375 EP 5383 DI 10.1021/ac060341g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 068RW UT WOS:000239393100027 PM 16878872 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE MacKenzie, BA Sammons, DL Smith, JP Krieg, EF Robertson, SA Hamilton, RG AF Biagini, Raymond E. MacKenzie, Barbara A. Sammons, Deborah L. Smith, Jerome P. Krieg, Edward F. Robertson, Shirley A. Hamilton, Robert G. TI Latex specific IgE: performance characteristics of the IMMULITE 2000 3gAllergy assay compared with skin testing SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-RUBBER LATEX; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; IN-VITRO ASSAYS; ALLERGY; DIAGNOSIS; PREVALENCE; SENSITIZATION; ANTIBODIES; PROTEINS; SYSTEM AB Background: In the absence of a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared latex skin testing reagent, in vitro tests remain important for the diagnosis of latex allergy. Objective: To evaluate the performance characteristics of IMMULITE 2000 3gAllergy (Immulite), a third-generation, FDA-cleared, continuous random-access immunoanalyzer, for the quantification of latex specific IgE. Methods: Stored serum samples (N = 201) from patients classified as having positive or negative latex puncture skin test results were measured for latex specific IgE levels using Immulite, and these data were compared with historical results from 3 second-generation, FDA-cleared IgE antilatex assays (AlaSTAT [Ala], AutoCAP [CAP], and HY*TEC enzyme inummoassay [HT]). Results: The diagnostic performances of the CAP, Ala, and Immulite assays (>= 0.35 kU/L cutoff value) were equivalent in sensitivity and specificity (P > .05). The HT assay (>= 0.05 kU/L cutoff value) was more sensitive and less specific (P < .05). Immulite (>= 0.10 kU/L cutoff value) had greater sensitivity than Ala and CAP and greater specificity than HT (P < .05 for both). Diagnostic efficiency was greater for Immulite than for CAP, Ala, and HT (P < .05). Conclusions: The Immulite system is superior in diagnostic performance, especially at the 0.10 kU/L or greater cutoff level, for the diagnosis of latex allergy compared with older, second-generation assays. Immulite still misclassifies 15.5% of puncture skin test-positive individuals as negative for latex specific IgE. Compared with second-generation assays, Immulite represents a technological advance, with enhanced speed and less operator intervention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Biomonitoring Res Team, Cincinnati, OH USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Ctr, Div Clin Immunol & Allergy, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Biagini, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol,Biomonitoring Res Team, MS C-26,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rbiagini@cdc.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES-0001] NR 40 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 97 IS 2 BP 196 EP 202 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 075AF UT WOS:000239853400012 PM 16937751 ER PT J AU Redding, GJ Singleton, RJ DeMain, J Bulkow, LR Martinez, P Lewis, TC Zanis, C Butler, JC AF Redding, Gregory J. Singleton, Rosalyn J. DeMain, Jeffrey Bulkow, Lisa R. Martinez, Patricia Lewis, Toby C. Zanis, Carolyn Butler, Jay C. TI Relationship between IgE and specific aeroallergen sensitivity in Alaskan native children SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL SERUM IGE; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E; ATOPIC DISEASE; ASTHMA; POPULATION; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; ALLERGY; SENSITIZATION AB Background: The relationship between atopic disease and serum IgE levels varies among populations and geographic regions. The close association of atopy with IgE may not occur in subarctic populations as it does in developed countries in temperate climates. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between total and specific IgE concentrations and clinical atopy in 5- to 8-year-old Alaskan native children. Methods: Medical record reviews, interviews, physical examinations, serum IgE measurements, and radioallergosorbent testing (RAST) were performed. Results: The IgE geometric mean was 122.1 IU/mL. Fifty-eight percent of patients had IgE levels greater than 70 IU/mL, and 17% had levels greater than 1,000 IU/mL; 14% had RAST values greater than 0.35 kU/L. Both IgE levels greater than 70 IU/mL and greater than 1,000 IU/mL were associated with RAST values greater than 0.35 IU/L (P = .004) and early wheezing (P = .005) but not with current wheezing, asthma, eczema, or a history of allergies. A RAST value greater than 3.51 kU/L was associated with eczema (P = .04) but not with allergies or wheezing. Children with current wheezing were more likely to have allergies (P = .03) but not eczema, an IgE level greater than 70 IU/mL, or a positive RAST value. Children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) were not more likely than controls to have current wheezing. Conclusions: Elevated serum IgE concentrations, including levels greater than 1,000 IU/mL, are common among Alaskan native children; positive RAST reactions to aeroallergens are not. The IgE levels do not relate to wheezing, eczema, a history of allergies, or past hospitalization for RSV infection but likely reflect infections other than RSV and environmental factors in subarctic indigenous populations. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Providence Alaska Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Yukon Kuskokwim Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Redding, GJ (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, 4800 Sand Point Way NE,Mail Stop G-0038, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM greg.redding@seattlechildrens.org NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 97 IS 2 BP 209 EP 215 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 075AF UT WOS:000239853400014 PM 16937753 ER PT J AU Hanley, KW Petersen, M Curwin, BD Sanderson, WT AF Hanley, K. W. Petersen, M. Curwin, B. D. Sanderson, W. T. TI Urinary bromide and breathing zone concentrations of 1-bromopropane from workers exposed to flexible foam spray adhesives SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE bromine; 1-bromopropane; CAS No. 106-94-5; furniture cushions; polyurethane foam adhesive; n-propyl bromide; urine ID LAYER DEPLETING SOLVENTS; REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; 2-BROMOPROPANE; RATS; ION AB 1-Bromopropane (1-BP) has been marketed as an alternative for ozone depleting solvents and suspect carcinogens and is in aerosol products, adhesives and solvents used for metal, precision and electronics cleaning. Toxicity of 1-BP is poorly understood, but it may be a neurologic, reproductive and hematologic toxin. Sparse exposure information prompted this exposure assessment study using air sampling, and measurement of urinary metabolites. Mercapturic acid conjugates are excreted in urine from 1-BP metabolism involving removal of bromide (Br) from the propyl group. One research objective was to evaluate the utility of urinary Br analysis for assessing 1-BP exposure using a relatively inexpensive, commercially available method. Complete 48 h urine specimens were obtained from 30 workers on two consecutive days at two facilities using 1-BP adhesives to construct polyurethane foam seat cushions and from seven unexposed control subjects. All of the workers' urine was collected into composite samples representing three daily time intervals (at work; after work but before bedtime; and upon wakeup) and analyzed for Br ion by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Full-shift breathing zone samples were collected for 1-BP on Anasorb carbon molecular sieve sorbent tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection via NIOSH method 1025. Geometric mean (GM) breathing zone concentrations of 1-BP were 92 parts per million (p.p.m.) for adhesive sprayers and 11 p.p.m. for other jobs. For sprayers, urinary Br concentrations ranged from 77 to 542 milligrams per gram of creatinine [mg (g-cr)(-1)] at work; from 58 to 308 mg (g-cr)(-1) after work; and from 46 to 672 mg (g-cr)(-1) in wake-up samples. Pre-week urinary Br concentrations for sprayers were substantially higher than for the non-sprayers and controls, with GMs of 102, 31 and 3.8 mg (g-cr)(-1), respectively. An association of 48 h urinary Br concentration with 1-BP exposure was statistically significant (r(2) = 0.89) for all jobs combined. This study demonstrates that urinary elimination is an important excretion pathway for 1-BP metabolism, and Br may be a useful biomarker of exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Hanley, KW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. EM khanley@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 50 IS 6 BP 599 EP 607 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mel020 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 090XL UT WOS:000240987900008 PM 16698849 ER PT J AU Eremeeva, ME Bosserman, EA Demma, LJ Zambrano, ML Blau, DM Dasch, GA AF Eremeeva, Marina E. Bosserman, Elizabeth A. Demma, Linda J. Zambrano, Maria L. Blau, Dianna M. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Isolation and identification of Rickettsia massiliae from Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in Arizona SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA; DERMACENTOR-ANDERSONI; SP-NOV; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; GENUS RICKETTSIA AB Twenty Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks collected in eastern Arizona were tested by PCR assay to establish their infection rate with spotted fever group rickettsiae. With a nested PCR assay which detects a fragment of the Rickettsia genus-specific 17-kDa antigen gene (htrA), five ticks (25%) were found to contain rickettsial DNA. One rickettsial isolate was obtained from these ticks by inoculating a suspension of a triturated tick into monolayers of Vero E6 monkey kidney cells and XTC-2 clawed toad cells, and its cell culture and genotypic characteristics were determined. Fragments of the 16S rRNA, GltA, rOmpA, rOmpB, and Sca4 genes had 100%, 100%, 99%, 99%, and 99%, respectively, nucleotide similarity to Rickettsia massiliae strain Bar29, previously isolated from R. sanguineus in Catalonia, Spain (L. Beati et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:2688-2694, 1996). The new isolate, AZT80, does not elicit cytotoxic effects in Vero cells and causes a persistent infection in XTC-2 cells. The AZT80 strain is susceptible to doxycycline but resistant to rifampin and erythromycin. Whether R. massiliae AZT80 is pathogenic or infectious for dogs and humans or can cause seroconversion to spotted fever group antigens in the United States is unknown. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MEremeeva@cdc.gov OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810 NR 69 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 72 IS 8 BP 5569 EP 5577 DI 10.1128/AEM.00122-06 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 073ZC UT WOS:000239780400054 PM 16885311 ER PT J AU Morris, MC Evans, DA Tangney, CC Bienias, JL Schneider, JA Wilson, RS Scherr, PA AF Morris, Martha Clare Evans, Denis A. Tangney, Christine C. Bienias, Julia L. Schneider, Julie A. Wilson, Robert S. Scherr, Paul A. TI Dietary copper and high saturated and trans fat intakes associated with cognitive decline SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; COMMUNITY POPULATION; OXIDATIVE STRESS; ELEVATION AB Background: Evidence from prospective epidemiologic studies and animal models suggests that intakes of dietary fats and copper may be associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Objective: To examine whether high dietary copper intake is associated with increased cognitive decline among persons who also consume a diet high in saturated and trans fats. Design: Community-based prospective study. Setting: Chicago, Ill. Patients: Chicago residents 65 years and older. Main Outcome Measures: Cognitive function was assessed using 4 cognitive tests administered during in-home interviews at 3-year intervals for 6 years. Dietary assessment was performed with a food frequency questionnaire. Dietary intakes of copper and fats were related to change in global cognitive score (the mean of the 4 tests) among 3718 participants. Results: Among persons whose diets were high in saturated and trans fats, higher copper intake was associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline. In multiple-adjusted mixed models, the difference in rates for persons in the highest (median, 2.75 mg/d) vs lowest (median, 0.88 mg/d) quintiles of total copper intake was -6.14 standardized units per year (P <.001) or the equivalent of 19 more years of age. There was also a marginally statistically significant association (P=.07) with the highest quintile of food intake of copper (median, 1.51 mg/d) and a strong dose-response association with higher copper dose in vitamin supplements. Copper intake was not associated with cognitive change among persons whose diets were not high in these fats. Conclusion: These data suggest that high dietary intake of copper in conjunction with a diet high in saturated and trans fats may be associated with accelerated cognitive decline. C1 Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Dept Internal Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Clin Nutr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Psychol, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morris, MC (reprint author), Rush Univ, Med Ctr, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Dept Internal Med, 1645 W Jackson St,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Martha_C_Morris@rush.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 11101, AG 13170] NR 21 TC 125 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 63 IS 8 BP 1085 EP 1088 DI 10.1001/archneur.63.8.1085 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 072ER UT WOS:000239656400006 PM 16908733 ER PT J AU Khare, M Piccinino, L Barker, LE Linkins, RW AF Khare, Meena Piccinino, Linda Barker, Lawrence E. Linkins, Robert W. TI Assessment of immunization registry databases as supplemental sources of data to improve ascertainment of vaccination coverage estimates in the National Immunization Survey SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY AB Objective: To evaluate the use of immunization registry data to supplement missing or incomplete vaccination data reported by immunization providers (referred to as "providers" hereafter) in the National Immunization Survey. Design: Cross-sectional, random-digit-dialing, telephone survey to measure vaccination coverage among children aged 19 to 35 months in the United States. Setting: Four sites with mature (with > 67% of provider participation in the area) immunization registries. Participants: Of the 639 children with complete household interviews, interviewers had consent from the respondents for 569 (89.0%) children to contact their providers and for 556 (87.0%) children to contact both providers and registries. Main Outcome Measures: Percentages of children up-to-date for vaccines based on data from providers, registries, and both sources combined. Results: According to provider-reported data, weighted estimates of coverage for the recommended childhood vaccine series 4:3:1:3 at the 4 sites were 65.6%, 78.8%, 81.6%, and 77.0%. According to registry data, these coverage rates were consistently lower: 31.7% (P <.05), 65.4%, 71.9%, and 61.8%, respectively. When all unique vaccine doses were combined from both sources, the pooled 4: 3: 1: 3 coverage rates increased to 72.0%, 92.0%, 88.7%, and 80.2%, respectively. The quality and completeness of vaccination histories from the registries were inconsistent and varied by sites. Conclusions: Vaccination coverage estimates were the lowest when only registry-reported data were used and were the highest when provider- and registry-reported histories were combined. Although registries enrolled and matched more children, vaccination histories were missing, incomplete, and inconsistent. The quality and completeness of the registry data must be improved and must be comparable across all states before further consideration may be given to supplement or replace the provider-reported National Immunization Survey data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. ABT Associates Inc, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khare, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3218, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM mkhare@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 160 IS 8 BP 838 EP 842 DI 10.1001/archpedi.160.8.838 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 071BX UT WOS:000239573400012 PM 16894084 ER PT J AU Lu, X Erdman, DD AF Lu, X. Erdman, D. D. TI Molecular typing of human adenoviruses by PCR and sequencing of a partial region of the hexon gene SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID STANDARDIZED VIRAL HEMAGGLUTINATION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; RAPID DETECTION; EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS; HYPERVARIABLE REGIONS; INHIBITION TESTS; SUBGENUS-B; IDENTIFICATION; STRAIN AB Human adenoviruses (Ads) are responsible for a substantial disease burden. Type-specific identification of Ads can help guide therapeutic and disease prevention strategies and aid epidemiological investigations. Immunotyping of Ads by serum neutralization (SN) is laborious and time consuming and depends upon type-specific antisera that are in short supply. A rapid molecular typing assay based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of Ad hexon gene hyper-variable regions 1-6 (HVR1-6) known to contain type-specific epitopes was evaluated as an alternative to SN. Deduced amino acid sequences of HVR1-6 obtained from all 51 currently recognized Ad prototype strains were well resolved, with the exception of types 15 and 29, which were identical. Of 192 temporally and geographically diverse Ad field isolates sequenced in this study, and 111 previously published sequences, all more closely matched their predicted prototype strains. Ads were also detected and correctly identified directly from 24 clinical specimens positive by culture or antigen detection. PCR and sequencing of HVR1-6 offers a practical alternative to SN for typing most Ads and can be readily adapted for use in laboratories with molecular capabilities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde1@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 107 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 151 IS 8 BP 1587 EP 1602 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0722-7 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 065NS UT WOS:000239167200008 PM 16502282 ER PT J AU Rozman, KK Bhatia, J Calafat, AM Chambers, C Culty, M Etzel, RA Flaws, JA Hansen, DK Hoyer, PB Jeffery, EH Kesner, JS Marty, S Thomas, JA Umbach, D AF Rozman, Karl K. Bhatia, Jatinder Calafat, Antonia M. Chambers, Christina Culty, Martine Etzel, Ruth A. Flaws, Jodi A. Hansen, Deborah K. Hoyer, Patricia B. Jeffery, Elizabeth H. Kesner, James S. Marty, Sue Thomas, John A. Umbach, David TI NTP-CERHR expert panel report on the reproductive and developmental toxicity of soy formula SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HIGH-RISK INFANTS; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; MILK-BASED FORMULA; NONSPECIFIC MACROMOLECULAR ABSORPTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; PREMENOPAUSAL JAPANESE WOMEN; SMALL INTESTINAL BARRIER; PARTIAL WHEY HYDROLYSATE; SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; SEX-HORMONE LEVELS C1 NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Toxicol Res Lab, Midland, MI 48674 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Physiol, Tucson, AZ USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Genet & Reprod Toxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Med Ctr, Dept Family & Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Coll Georgia, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Kansas City, KS 66103 USA. RP Rozman, KK (reprint author), NIEHS, POB 12233,EC-32, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 ES999999] NR 227 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 77 IS 4 BP 280 EP 397 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20086 PG 118 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 086ZF UT WOS:000240711100004 PM 16998908 ER PT J AU Wang, ML Avashia, BH Petsonk, EL AF Wang, Mei Lin Avashia, Bipin H. Petsonk, Edward L. TI Interpreting periodic lung function tests in individuals - The relationship between 1-to 5-year and long-term FEV1 changes SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE diagnostic tests; routine spirometry; sensitivity; specificity ID FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; SPIROMETRY AB Study objective: Spirometry is performed to monitor lung health, but variability between tests can hinder recognition of excessive FEV1 declines. We sought to describe the relationship between FEV1 changes over 1 to 5 years and FEV1 declines over longer terms, using 21,821 test results from 1,884 workers who participated in an annual health monitoring program at a chemical plant between 1973 and 2003. Methods: Test results from workers with five or more valid results over >= 10 years were included in our analysis (mean initial worker age, 35 years; range, 18 to 62 years; 91% male; 35% current smokers and 41% nonsmokers). For each worker, long-term FEV1 slopes (milliliters per year) were calculated by simple linear regression using all available results and compared to changes in FEV1 between two tests over 1 to 5 years, expressed in both milliliters and percentage of initial value. Results: Long-term (mean, 18 years; range, 10 to 30 years) slopes averaged - 29.1 mL/yr (- 27, - 29, and - 37 mL/yr for male never-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers, and - 20, - 26, and - 27 mL/yr for female never-smokers, former smokers, and current smokers, respectively). Excessive short-term and long-term declines were defined by lower fifth percentile values. Individuals with abnormal short-term declines were found to be 3 to 18 times more likely to ultimately show excessive long-term declines; with the strength of the association increasing with the length of the short-term testing interval. Better test operating characteristics resulted if abnormal short-term FEV1 change was based on percentage change (ie, percentage per year) rather than absolute change (ie, milliliters per year). Conclusions: Our findings provide guidance for interpreting periodic spirometry results from individuals exposed to respiratory hazards. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Bayer CropSci, Dept Med, Charleston, WV USA. RP Petsonk, EL (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop H-G900-2,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM elp2@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD AUG PY 2006 VL 130 IS 2 BP 493 EP 499 DI 10.1378/chest.130.2.493 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 075LP UT WOS:000239886800028 PM 16899850 ER PT J AU Yeang, HY Hamilton, RG Bernstein, DI Arif, SAM Chow, KS Loke, YH Raulf-Heimsoth, M Wagner, S Breiteneder, H Biagini, RE AF Yeang, H. -Y. Hamilton, R. G. Bernstein, D. I. Arif, S. A. M. Chow, K. -S. Loke, Y. -H. Raulf-Heimsoth, M. Wagner, S. Breiteneder, H. Biagini, R. E. TI Allergen concentration in natural rubber latex SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGY LA English DT Article DE diagnostic; EST; Hevea brasiliensis; IEMA; immunoassay; immunotherapy; latex; latex allergy; natural rubber serology; skin prick test ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; SPINA-BIFIDA; IN-VIVO; EXTRACT; ASSAYS; FOOD AB Background Hevea brasiliensis latex serum is commonly used as the in vivo and in vitro reference antigen for latex allergy diagnosis as it contains the full complement of latex allergens. Objective This study quantifies the concentrations of the significant allergens in latex serum and examines its suitability as an antigen source in latex allergy diagnosis and immunotherapy. Methods The serum phase was extracted from centrifuged latex that was repeatedly freeze-thawed or glycerinated. Quantitation of latex allergens was performed by two-site immunoenzymetric assays. The abundance of RNA transcripts of the latex allergens was estimated from the number of their clones in an Expressed Sequence Tags library. Results The latex allergens, Hev b 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 13, were detected in freeze-thawed and glycerinated latex serum at levels ranging from 75 (Hev b 6) to 0.06 nmol/mg total proteins (Hev b 4). Hev b 6 content in the latex was up to a thousand times higher than the other seven latex allergens, depending on source and/or preparation procedure. Allergen concentration was reflected in the abundance of mRNA transcripts. When used as the antigen, latex serum may bias the outcome of latex allergy diagnostic tests towards sensitization to Hev b 6. Tests that make use of latex serum may fail to detect latex-specific IgE reactivity in subjects who are sensitized only to allergens that are present at low concentrations. Conclusion Latex allergy diagnostics and immunotherapy that use whole latex serum as the antigen source may not be optimal because of the marked imbalance of its constituent allergens. C1 Rubber Res Inst Malaysia, Biotechnol & Strateg Res Unit, Malaysian Rubber Board, Kuala Lumpur 50908, Malaysia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Allergy Immunol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Inst Occupat Med, Div Allergy Immunol, Bochum, Germany. Med Univ Vienna, Dept Pathophysiol, Vienna, Austria. NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Arif, SAM (reprint author), Rubber Res Inst Malaysia, Biotechnol & Strateg Res Unit, Malaysian Rubber Board, POB 10150, Kuala Lumpur 50908, Malaysia. EM sitiarija@lgm.gov.my FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y02ES10189] NR 23 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-7894 J9 CLIN EXP ALLERGY JI Clin. Exp. Allergy PD AUG PY 2006 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1078 EP 1086 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2006.02531.x PG 9 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 069ZA UT WOS:000239487300013 PM 16911364 ER PT J AU Gay, K Robicsek, A Strahilevitz, J Park, CH Jacoby, G Barrett, TJ Medalla, F Chiller, TM Hooper, DC AF Gay, K Robicsek, A Strahilevitz, J Park, CH Jacoby, G Barrett, TJ Medalla, F Chiller, TM Hooper, DC TI Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; TRANSFERABLE PLASMID; GENE AB Background. Serious infections with Salmonella species are often treated with fluoroquinolones or extended-spectrum beta-lactams. Increasingly recognized in Enterobacteriaceae, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance is encoded by qnr genes. Here, we report the presence of qnr variants in human isolates of non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica (hereafter referred to as non-Typhi Salmonella) from the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria. Methods. All non-Typhi Salmonella specimens from the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for Enteric Bacteria collected from 1996 to 2003 with ciprofloxacin minimum inhibitory concentrations >= 0.06 mu g/mL (233 specimens) and a subset with minimum inhibitory concentrations <= 0.03 mg/mL (102 specimens) were screened for all known qnr genes (A, B, and S) by polymerase chain reaction. For isolates with positive results, qnr and quinolone resistance-determining region sequences were determined. Plasmids containing qnr genes were characterized by conjugation or transformation. Results. Conjugative plasmids harboring qnrB variants were detected in 7 Salmonella enterica serotype Berta isolates and 1 Salmonella enterica serotype Mbandaka isolate. The S. Mbandaka plasmid also had an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. Variants of qnrS on nonconjugative plasmids were detected in isolates of Salmonella enterica serotype Anatum and Salmonella enterica serotype Bovismorbificans. Conclusions. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance appears to be widely distributed, though it is still uncommon in non-Typhi Salmonella isolates from the United States, including strains that are quinolone susceptible by the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (formerly the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards). The presence of this gene in non-Typhi Salmonella that causes infection in humans suggests potential for spread through the food supply, which is a public health concern. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Evanston NW Healthcare, Evanston, IL USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Lahey Clin Fdn, Burlington, MA USA. RP Gay, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop G-29,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kgay@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI057576, AI43312, AI57576] NR 22 TC 145 Z9 159 U1 3 U2 10 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 297 EP 304 DI 10.1086/505397 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 057XK UT WOS:000238628300006 PM 16804843 ER PT J AU Hammitt, LL Hennessy, TW Romero-Steiner, S Butler, JC AF Hammitt, LL Hennessy, TW Romero-Steiner, S Butler, JC TI Assessment of carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type A after a case of invasive disease SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID VIRULENCE; SEROTYPE; INFECTIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hammitt, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM lhammitt@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 3 BP 386 EP 387 DI 10.1086/505602 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 057XK UT WOS:000238628300023 PM 16804859 ER PT J AU Weinberg, MD Hooper, WC Dangas, G AF Weinberg, M. D. Hooper, W. C. Dangas, G. TI Cardiac biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease and its complications SO CURRENT MOLECULAR MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ISCHEMIC-HEART-DISEASE; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; BRAIN NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE; CELL-ADHESION MOLECULES; VON-WILLEBRAND-FACTOR; MIDDLE-AGED MEN AB Inflammation has been implicated in all stages of cardiovascular disease. This has driven a very fruitful search for new biomarkers, which potentially can be used as tools in the diagnosis and prognosis of atherothrombotic disease. While these new markers might prove useful in predicting the onset of atherosclerosis in healthy individuals, the utility of biomarkers in risk assessment for events in those patients with established disease and/or those with acute coronary syndrome requires further work. Effective biomarkers must be standardized, logistically simple to analyze, and clinically useful. Understanding what impact sex, age, ethnicity, and comorbid conditions may have on biomarkers is also of importance. Unfortunately, many of the candidate markers have yet to satisfy these requirements. C1 Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dangas, G (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Med Ctr, 161 Ft Washington Ave,5th Floor, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM gdangas@crf.org NR 143 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI SHARJAH PA EXECUTIVE STE Y26, PO BOX 7917, SAIF ZONE, 1200 BR SHARJAH, U ARAB EMIRATES SN 1566-5240 J9 CURR MOL MED JI Curr. Mol. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 6 IS 5 BP 557 EP 569 DI 10.2174/156652406778018608 PG 13 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Research & Experimental Medicine GA 069XN UT WOS:000239482700011 PM 16918376 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ AF Sejvar, James J. TI The evolving epidemiology of viral encephalitis SO CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chandipura virus; monkeypox; transplant-associated encephalitis; West Nile virus ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; 4 TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; LA-CROSSE ENCEPHALITIS; CALIFORNIA ARBOVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS; POLIOMYELITIS-LIKE SYNDROME; ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; NIPAH VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; CHANDIPURA-VIRUS AB Purpose of review. The introduction of West Nile virus to North America illustrates the potential emergence of novel encephalitic agents in unexpected settings. There has been continued recognition of emerging neurotropic viruses in both the developed and developing world and novel modes of transmission of these agents. This review describes recent developments in the epidemiology of West Nile virus and several other emerging viral encephalitides in the developed and developing world and the emergence of novel mechanisms of transmitting viral encephalitis. Recent findings West Nile virus has continued to have a large public health impact in North America. Improvements in blood donor screening have decreased transfusion-associated transmission of the virus. Monkeypox, with associated encephalitis, occurred in the US. Chandipura virus, an infrequently recognized rhabdovirus, was attributed to large outbreaks of viral encephalitis; however, compelling evidence suggests that the relationship of illness and the virus are questionable. Recent cases of transfusion-associated and transplant-associated viral encephalitis, including West Nile virus, rabies Virus, and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, were described. Summary Continued West Nile virus activity in North America reinforces the fact that viruses can emerge and thrive in new environments and unexpected settings and suggests the need for continued surveillance. Transfusion-associated and transplant-associated viral encephalitis may be an underrecognized risk of these procedures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov NR 80 TC 23 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1350-7540 J9 CURR OPIN NEUROL JI Curr. Opin. Neurol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 IS 4 BP 350 EP 357 DI 10.1097/01.wco.0000236613.74462.4c PG 8 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 072LZ UT WOS:000239676200003 PM 16914972 ER PT J AU Johnson, SL Tierney, EF Onyemere, KU Tseng, CW Safford, MM Karter, AJ Ferrara, A Duru, OK Brown, AF Narayan, KMV Thompson, TJ Herman, WH AF Johnson, Susan L. Tierney, Edward F. Onyemere, Kingsley U. Tseng, Chien-Wen Safford, Monica M. Karter, Andrew J. Ferrara, Assiamira Duru, O. Kenrick Brown, Arleen F. Narayan, K. M. Venkat Thompson, Theodore J. Herman, William H. TI Who is tested for diabetic kidney disease and who initiates treatment - The Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITION; TYPE-2 DIABETES/; NEPHROPATHY; HYPERTENSION; IRBESARTAN; MULTICENTER; MELLITUS; LOSARTAN; CARE AB OBJECTIVE - we examined factors associated with screening for albuminuria and initiation of ACE inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatment in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We conducted surveys and medical record reviews for 5,378 patients participating in a study of diabetes care in managed care at baseline (2000-2001) and follow-up (2002-2003). Factors associated with testing for albuminuria were i examined in cross-sectional analysis at baseline. Factors associated with initiating ACE in ARB therapy were determined prospectively. RESULTS - At baseline, 52% of patients not receiving ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy and without known diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were screened for albuminuria. Patients >= 65 years of age, those With higher HbA(1C), those with cardiovascular disease (CVD), and those without hyperlipidemia were less likely to be screened. Of the patients with positive screening tests, 47% began ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy. Initiation of therapy was associated with positive screening test results, BMI >= 25 kg/m(2), treatment with insulin or oral antidiabetic agents, peripheral neuropathy, systolic blood pressure >= 140 mmHg, and CVD. Of the patients receiving ACE inhibitor/XRB therapy or with known DKD, 63% were tested for albuminuria. CONCLUSIONS - Screening for albuminuria was inadequate, especially in older patients or those with competing medical concerns. The value of screening could be increased if more patients with positive screening tests initiated ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy. The efficiency of screening could be improved by limiting screening to diabetic patients not receiving ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy and without known DKE). C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Metab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Div Gen Internal Med, Dept Internal Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Herman, WH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Internal Med, Div Metab, 1500 E Med Ctr Dr,3920 Taubman Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM wherman@umich.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; Ferrara, Assiamira/0000-0002-7505-4826 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1733 EP 1738 DI 10.2337/dc06-0260 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 071HA UT WOS:000239589000002 PM 16873772 ER PT J AU Rodriguez, BL Palla, SL Fujimoto, WY Liu, LL Mayer-Davis, EJ Kershnar, A Imperatore, G Daniels, SR Williams, DE Linder, B Bell, RA Wadwa, RP AF Rodriguez, Beatriz L. Palla, Shana L. Fujimoto, Wilfred Y. Liu, Lenna L. Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J. Kershnar, Ann Imperatore, Giuseppina Daniels, Stephen R. Williams, Desmond E. Linder, Barbara Bell, Ronny A. Wadwa, R. Paul CA SEARCH Diabet Youth Study Grp TI Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors in US children and adolescents with diabetes - The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 65th Annual Meeting of the American-Diabetes-Association CY JUN 10-14, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Diabet Assoc ID CHOLESTEROL EDUCATION-PROGRAM; METABOLIC SYNDROME PHENOTYPE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; ALL-CAUSE; MORTALITY; AMERICAN; STATEMENT; ASSOCIATION; OBESITY AB OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of selected cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among youth aged < 20 years with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - The analysis included 1,083 girls and 1,013 boys examined as part of the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study, a multicenter, population-based stud), of youth 0-19 years of age with diabetes. Diabetes type was determined by a biochemical algorithm based on diabetes antibodies and fasting C-peptide level. CVD risk factors were defined as follows: HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dl; age- and sex-specific waist circumference > 90th percentile; systolic or diastolic blood pressure > 90th percentile for age, sex, and height or taking medication for high blood pressure; and triglycerides > 110 mg/dl. RESULTS - The prevalence of having at least two CVD risk factors was 21%. The prevalence was 7% among children aged 3-9 years and 25% in youth aged 10-19 years (P < 0.0001), 23% among girls and 19% in boys (P = 0.04), 68% in American Indians, 37% in Asian/Pacific Islanders, 32% in African Americans, 35% in Hispanics, and 16% in non-Hispanic whites (P < 0.0001). At least two CVD risk factors were present in 92% of youth with type 2 and 14% of those with type 1A diabetes (P < 0.0001). In multivariate analyses, age, race/ethnicity, and diabetes type were independently associated With the odds of having at least two CVD risk factors (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS - Many youth with diabetes have multiple CVD risk factors. Recommendations for weight, lipid, and blood pressure control in youth with diabetes need to be followed to prevent or delay the development of CVD as these youngsters mature. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Univ Hawaii, Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Dept Geriatr Med, Honolulu, HI USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Kona, HI USA. Univ S Carolina, Ctr Res Nutr & Hlth Disparities, Columbia, SC USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC USA. Nalt Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Barbara Davis Ctr Childhood Diabet, Denver, CO USA. Univ Washington, Child Hlth Inst, Seattle, WA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Downey, CA USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Natl Inst Diabet & Digest & Kidney Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Bell, RA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM rbell@wfubmc.edu NR 20 TC 101 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 8 BP 1891 EP 1896 DI 10.2337/dc06-0310 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 071HA UT WOS:000239589000028 PM 16873798 ER PT J AU Dantonio, P Meredith, N Earley, M Cordovado, S Callan, WJ Rollin, D Morris, D Vogt, RF Hannon, WH AF Dantonio, Paul Meredith, Nancy Earley, Marie Cordovado, Suzanne Callan, William J. Rollin, Danita Morris, Deannie Vogt, Robert F. Hannon, W. Harry TI A screening system for detecting genetic risk markers of type 1 diabetes in dried blood spots SO DIABETES TECHNOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID HLA; AMPLIFICATION; ALLELES; IDDM; PCR AB Background: Certain alleles among the genes that code for the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) confer susceptibility or resistance to the development of autoimmunity that causes type 1 diabetes (T1D). A number of ongoing diabetes research studies analyze dried blood spots (DBS) from newborn infants for HLA-D alleles to identify higher-risk children as early as possible. A commercially available assay to detect such alleles has recently become available using a dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescence system found in many newborn screening laboratories. Methods: We adapted the system for use with DBS and improved the sample set-up for greater efficiency. We also developed an independent system for data analysis based on a spreadsheet program. These modifications were applied to HLA-DQB1 gene locus (DQB) analysis of 117 newborn DBS, and the results we obtained were compared with independent reference values. Results: Our assay modifications and independent data analysis improved sample throughput and result tabulation. DQB results from the modified assay were consistent with the reference values in all but one sample, which showed a partial match. Conclusions: The modifications described here make this commercially available assay more suitable for high-throughput applications such as newborn screening. Our results show that this system allows highly accurate detection of DQB alleles that influence T1D risk. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Newborn Screening Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Alabama State Dept Hlth, Bur Clin Labs, Montgomery, AL USA. RP Hannon, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Newborn Screening Branch, Mailstop F43,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM HHannon@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1520-9156 J9 DIABETES TECHNOL THE JI Diabetes Technol. Ther. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 433 EP 443 DI 10.1089/dia.2006.8.433 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 112MZ UT WOS:000242531500001 PM 16939368 ER PT J AU Youssef, FG Afifi, SA Azab, AM Wasfy, MM Abdel-Aziz, KM Parker, TM Oun, SA Jobanputra, NN Hajjeh, RA AF Youssef, Fouad G. Afifi, Salma A. Azab, Adel M. Wasfy, Momtaz M. Abdel-Aziz, Khalid M. Parker, Tina M. Oun, Saeid A. Jobanputra, Nishith N. Hajjeh, Rana A. TI Differentiation of tuberculous meningitis from acute bacterial meningitis using simple clinical and laboratory parameters SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculous meningitis; bacterial meningitis in Egypt; early diagnosis of TBM ID DIAGNOSIS; ADULTS; EXPERIENCE; FEATURES; CHILDREN; EGYPT AB Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is still a major cause of serious illness in many parts of the world. The newer diagnostic tests and neuroimaging methods are unlikely to be available in many developing countries. We attempt to identify simple parameters for early diagnosis. A retrospective study was performed to compare the clinical and laboratory features of cultured-confirmed, TBM (134) and other bacterial meningitis (709). Features independently predictive of TBM were studied by multivariate logistic regression to develop a diagnostic rule. Six features were found predictive: length of clinical history > 5 days, headache, total cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white blood cell Count of < 1000/mm(3), clear appearance of CSF, lymphocyte proportion of > 30%, and protein content of > 100 mg/dL. Application of 3 or more parameters revealed 93% sensitivity and 77% specificity. Applying this diagnostic rule can help in the early diagnosis of TBM, in both children and adults. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Dis Surveillance Program, Cairo, Egypt. MOHP, Communicable Dis & Control, Cairo, Egypt. USUHS Univ, Dept Prevent Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Unit, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Youssef, FG (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Dis Surveillance Program, Cairo, Egypt. EM yousseff@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 33 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 55 IS 4 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.01.027 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 074QQ UT WOS:000239827300005 PM 16626906 ER PT J AU Braun, KVN Yeargin-Allsopp, M Lollar, D AF Braun, Kim Van Naarden Yeargin-Allsopp, Marshalyn Lollar, Donald TI A multi-dimensional approach to the transition of children with developmental disabilities into young adulthood: The acquisition of adult social roles SO DISABILITY AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE ICF; developmental disabilities; transition; population-based study; mental retardation; cerebral palsy; hearing loss; vision impairment; epilepsy ID MENTAL-RETARDATION; EMPLOYMENT STATUS; HIGH-SCHOOL; EPILEPSY; EDUCATION; STUDENTS; LIFE; PERSPECTIVE; CHILDHOOD; OUTCOMES AB Purpose. To test the hypothesis that the difficulties young adults with developmental disabilities have in obtaining adult social roles are not inevitable consequences of their childhood impairment. We used the conceptual framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health to test this hypothesis. Method. We used a structured questionnaire to obtain information on the consequences of childhood impairment in young adulthood and to examine the relationship between impairment and acquisition of adult social roles. The sample (n=635) came from the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Follow-up Study of Young Adults, a population-based cohort of young adults aged 21-25 years identified at age 10 with childhood impairment. Results. The results suggest that: (i) attaining adult social roles varies by impairment type and severity, (ii) experiencing activity limitations partially mediate the relationship between impairment and adult social roles, and (iii) attending postsecondary education increases the likelihood of attaining markers of adulthood. Conclusions. Intervention to reduce activity limitations and to develop strategies to increase attendance in postsecondary education may increase the likelihood for the acquisition of adult social roles among young adults with childhood impairment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Dev Disabil Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, New York, NY USA. RP Braun, KVN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Dev Disabil Team, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbn5@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0963-8288 J9 DISABIL REHABIL JI Disabil. Rehabil. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 28 IS 15 BP 915 EP 928 DI 10.1080/09638280500304919 PG 14 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 065YE UT WOS:000239195400003 ER PT J AU Stein, AD Kahn, HS Rundle, A Zybert, PA van der Pal-de Bruin, K Lumey, LH AF Stein, A. D. Kahn, H. S. Rundle, A. Zybert, P. A. van der Pal-de Bruin, K. Lumey, L. H. TI Anthropometry in middle age following exposure to famine during gestation: evidence from the Dutch famine SO EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-3782 J9 EARLY HUM DEV JI Early Hum. Dev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 82 IS 8 BP 527 EP 527 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 082FJ UT WOS:000240371800100 ER PT J AU Bowen, AB Braden, CR AF Bowen, Anna B. Braden, Christopher R. TI Invasive Enterobacter sakazakii disease in infants SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; POWDERED MILK; NEONATAL MENINGITIS; UNITED-STATES; DRIED MILK; OUTBREAK; FORMULA; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; CONTAMINATION AB Enterobacter sakazakii kills 40%-80% of infected infants and has been associated with powdered formula. We analyzed 46 cases of invasive infant E. sakazakii infection to define risk factors and guide prevention and treatment. Twelve infants had bacteremia, 33 had meningitis, and 1 had a urinary tract infection. Compared with infants with isolated bacteremia, infants with meningitis had greater birthweight (2,454 g vs. 850 g, p = 0.002) and gestational age (37 weeks vs. 27.8 weeks, p = 0.02), and infection developed at a younger age (6 days vs. 35 days, p < 0.001). Among meningitis patients, 11 (33%) had seizures, 7 (21%) had brain abscess, and 14 (42%) died. Twenty-four (92%) of 26 infants with feeding patterns specified were fed powdered formula. Formula samples associated with 15 (68%) of 22 cases yielded E. sakazakii; in 13 cases, clinical and formula strains were indistinguishable. Further clarification of clinical risk factors and improved powdered formula safety is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bowen, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abowen@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 165 Z9 172 U1 4 U2 18 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1185 EP 1189 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 068FQ UT WOS:000239358500001 PM 16965695 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC Kalsi, RK Williams, PP Carey, RB Stocker, S Lonsway, D Rasheed, JK Biddle, JW McGowan, JE Hanna, B AF Tenover, Fred C. Kalsi, Rajinder K. Williams, Portia P. Carey, Roberta B. Stocker, Sheila Lonsway, David Rasheed, J. Kamile Biddle, James W. McGowan, John E., Jr. Hanna, Bruce TI Carbapenem resistance in Klebsielia pneumoniae not detected by automated susceptibility testing SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HYDROLYZING BETA-LACTAMASE; NEW-YORK-CITY; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; IMIPENEM; KPC-2; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; EMERGENCE; OUTBREAK; BROOKLYN; SYSTEM AB Detecting P-lactamase-mediated carbapenem resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and other Enterobacteriaceae is an emerging problem. In this study, 15 b/a(KPC)-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae that showed discrepant results for imipenem and meropenem from 4 New York City hospitals were characterized by isoelectric focusing; broth microdilution (BMD); disk diffusion (DD); and MicroScan, Phoenix, Sensititre, VITEK, and VITEK 2 automated systems. All 15 isolates were either intermediate or resistant to imipenem and meropenem by BMD; 1 was susceptible to imipenem by DID. MicroScan and Phoenix reported 1 (6.7%) and 2 (13.3%) isolates, respectively, as imipenem susceptible. VITEK and VITEK 2 reported 10 (67%) and 5 (33%) isolates, respectively, as imipenem susceptible. By Sensititre, 13 (87%) isolates were susceptible to imipenem, and 12 (80%) were susceptible to meropenem. The VITEK 2 Advanced Expert System changed 2 imipenem MIC results from >= 16 mu g/mL to <= 2 mu g/mL but kept the interpretation as resistant. The recognition of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae continues to challenge automated suscepibility systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bellevue Hosp, New York, NY USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 18 TC 125 Z9 130 U1 0 U2 19 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1209 EP 1213 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 068FQ UT WOS:000239358500005 PM 16965699 ER PT J AU MacDonald, PDM Langley, RL Gerkin, SR Torok, MR MacCormack, JN AF MacDonald, Pia D. M. Langley, Rick L. Gerkin, Susan R. Torok, Michelle R. MacCormack, J. Newton TI Human and canine pulmonary blastomycosis, North Carolina, 2001-2002 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WISCONSIN; SOIL; DERMATITIDIS; WATERWAYS; OUTBREAK AB We investigated a cluster of blastomycosis in 8 humans and 4 dogs in a rural North Carolina community. Delayed diagnosis, difficulty isolating Blastomyces dermatitidis in nature, and lack of a sensitive and specific test to assess exposure make outbreaks of this disease difficult to study. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP MacDonald, PDM (reprint author), N Carolina Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness, N Carolina Inst Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, CB 8165, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM pia@email.unc.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1242 EP 1244 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 068FQ UT WOS:000239358500010 PM 16965704 ER PT J AU Leslie, MJ Messenger, S Rohde, RE Smith, J Cheshier, R Hanlon, C Rupprecht, CE AF Leslie, Mira J. Messenger, Sharon Rohde, Rodney E. Smith, Jean Cheshier, Ronald Hanlon, Cathleen Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Bat-associated rabies virus in skunks SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; TEXAS AB Rabies was undetected in terrestrial wildlife of northern Arizona until 2001, when rabies was diagnosed in 19 rabid skunks in Flagstaff. Laboratory analyses showed causative rabies viruses associated with bats, which indicated cross-species transmission of unprecedented magnitude. Public health infrastructure must be maintained to address emerging zoonotic diseases. C1 Washington Dept Hlth, Shoreline, WA 98155 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. Texas State Univ, San Marcos, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ USA. RP Leslie, MJ (reprint author), Washington Dept Hlth, 1610 NE 150th St,MS K17-9, Shoreline, WA 98155 USA. EM Mira.Leslie@doh.wa.gov NR 15 TC 79 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 14 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1274 EP 1277 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 068FQ UT WOS:000239358500020 PM 16965714 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, Polyxeni TI Art, science, and life's enigmas SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 8 BP 1308 EP 1309 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 068FQ UT WOS:000239358500041 PM 16972362 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Reidy, JA Preau, JL Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, Manori J. Reidy, John A. Preau, James L., Jr. Needham, Larry L. Calafat, Antonia M. TI Oxidative metabolites of diisononyl phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; diisononyl phthalate; DINP; MINP; monoisononyl phthalate; oxidative metabolites ID DI-ISONONYL PHTHALATE; DEUTERIUM-LABELED DEHP; N-OCTYL PHTHALATE; HUMAN URINE; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE DEHP; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; RATS; ABSORPTION; SERUM AB Diisononyl plithalate (DINP) is a complex mixture of predominantly nine-carbon branched-chain dialkyl phthalate isomers. Similar to di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, a widely used phthalate, DINP causes antiandrogenic effects on developing rodent male fetuses. Traditionally, assessment of human exposure to DINP has been done using monoisononyl phthalate (MINP), the hydrolytic metabolite of DINP, as a biomarker. However, MINP is only a minor urinary metabolite of DINP. Oxidative metabolites, including mono (carboxyisooctyl) phthalate (MCIOP), mono(oxoisononyl) plithalate (MOINP), and mono (hydroxyisononyl) phthalate (MHINP) are the major urinary metabolites in DINP-dosed rats. The urinary concentrations of MINP, MCIOP, MOINP, and MHINP were measured in 129 adult anonymous human volunteers with no known exposure to DINP. Although MINP was not present at detectable levels in any of the samples analyzed, MCIOP, MHINP, and MOINP were detected in 97, 100, and 87% of the urine samples at geometric mean levels equal to 8.6, 11.4, and 1.2 ng/mL, respectively. The concentrations of all three oxidative metabolites were highly correlated with each other (p < 0.0001), which confirms a common precursor. MCIOP was excreted predominantly as a free species, whereas MOINP was excreted mostly in its glucuronidated form. The percentage of MHINP excreted either glucuronidated or in its free form was similar. The significantly higher frequency of detection and urinary concentrations of oxidative metabolites than of MINP suggest that these oxidative metabolites are better biomarkers of exposure assessment of DINP than is MINP. Therefore, we concluded that the prevalence of human exposure to DINP is underestimated by using MINP as the sole DINP urinary biomarker. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 25 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1158 EP 1161 DI 10.1289/ehp.8865 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 069SH UT WOS:000239468000035 PM 16882519 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, JNS Hubbard, A Wade, TJ Sylvester, MD LeChevallier, MW Levy, DA Colford, JM AF Eisenberg, Joseph N. S. Hubbard, Alan Wade, Timothy J. Sylvester, Matthew D. LeChevallier, Mark W. Levy, Deborah A. Colford, John M., Jr. TI Inferences drawn from a risk assessment compared directly with a randomized trial of a home drinking water intervention SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE drinking water; gastrointestinal; intervention trial; microbial risk assessment; waterborne pathogens ID GASTROINTESTINAL ILLNESS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM; TRANSMISSION; CONSUMPTION; VOLUNTEERS; GIARDIA; DISEASE; MODELS AB Risk assessments and intervention trials have been used by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to estimate drinking water health risks. Seldom are both methods used concurrently. Between 2001 and 2003, illness data from a trial were collected simultaneously with exposure data, providing a unique opportunity to compare direct risk estimates of waterborne disease from the intervention trial with indirect estimates from a risk assessment. Comparing the group with water treatment (active) with that without water treatment (sham), the estimated annual attributable disease rate (cases per 10,000 persons per year) from the trial provided no evidence of a significantly elevated drinking water risk [attributable risk = -365 cases/year, sham minus active; 95% confidence interval (CI), -2,555 to 1,825]. The predicted mean rate of disease per 10,000 persons per person-year from the risk assessment was 13.9 (2.5, 97.5 percentiles: 1.6, 37.7) assuming 4 log removal due to viral disinfection and 5.5 (2.5, 97.5 percentiles: 1.4, 19.2) assuming 6 log removal. Risk assessments are important under conditions of low risk when estimates are difficult to attain from trials. In particular, this assessment pointed toward the importance of attaining site-specific treatment data and the clear need for a better understanding of viral removal by disinfection. Trials provide direct risk estimates, and the upper confidence limit estimates, even if not statistically significant, are informative about possible upper estimates of likely risk. These differences suggest that conclusions about waterborne disease risk may be strengthened by the joint use of these two approaches. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Occupat & Environm Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Environm Hlth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Amer Water, Voorhees, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eisenberg, JNS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 611 Church St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. EM jnse@umich.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU916961] NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1199 EP 1204 DI 10.1289/ehp.8682 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 069SH UT WOS:000239468000041 PM 16882525 ER PT J AU Noonan, CW Pfau, JC Larson, TC Spence, MR AF Noonan, Curtis W. Pfau, Jean C. Larson, Theodore C. Spence, Michael R. TI Nested case-control study of autoimmune disease in an asbestos-exposed population SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asbestos; autoimmune; Libby; lupus; rheumatoid arthritis; scleroderma; vermiculite ID OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; CRYSTALLINE SILICA; UNITED-STATES; MONTANA; LIBBY; ABNORMALITIES; WORKERS; USA AB OBJECTIVE: To explore the potential association between asbestos exposure and risk of autoimmmune disease, we conducted a case-control study among a cohort of 7,307 current and former residents of Libby, Montana, a community with historical occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos-contaminated vermiculite. METHODS: Cases were defined as those who reported having one of three systemic autoimmune diseases (SAIDs): systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Controls were randomly selected at a 3:1 ratio from among the remaining 6,813 screening participants using frequency-matched age and sex groupings. RESULTS: The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for SAIDs among those >= 65 years of age who had worked for the vermiculite mining company were 2.14 (95% Cl, 0.90-5.10) for all SAIDs and 3.23 (95% CI, 1.31-7.96) for RA. In this age group, exposure to asbestos while in the military was also an independent risk factor, resulting in a tripling in risk. Other measures of occupational exposure to vermiculite indicated 54% and 65% increased risk for SAIDs and RA, respectively. Those who had reported frequent contact with vermiculite through various exposure pathways also demonstrated elevated risk for SAIDs and RA. We found increasing risk estimates for SAIDs with increasing numbers of reported vermiculite exposure pathways (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings support the hypothesis that asbestos exposure is associated with autoimmune disease. Refined measurements of asbestos exposure and SAID status among this cohort will help to further clarify the relationship between these variables. C1 Univ Montana, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Montana Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Helena, MT USA. RP Noonan, CW (reprint author), Univ Montana, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Skaggs 154, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM curtis.noonan@umontana.edu RI Noonan, Curtis/B-2198-2015 FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR017670, P20RR017670]; PHS HHS [R01 CCR822092-02] NR 22 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1243 EP 1247 DI 10.1289/ehp.9203 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 069SH UT WOS:000239468000049 PM 16882533 ER PT J AU Perera, FP Rauh, V Whyatt, RM Tsai, WY Tang, DL Diaz, D Hoepner, L Barr, D Tu, YH Camann, D Kinney, P AF Perera, Frederica P. Rauh, Virginia Whyatt, Robin M. Tsai, Wei-Yann Tang, Deliang Diaz, Diurka Hoepner, Lori Barr, Dana Tu, Yi-Hsuan Camann, David Kinney, Patrick TI Effect of prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on neurodevelopment in the first 3 years of life among inner-city children SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air pollution; neurodevelopment; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; prenatal ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; NEW-YORK-CITY; BLOOD LEAD CONCENTRATIONS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIRTH OUTCOMES; COGNITIVE-DEVELOPMENT; MINORITY WOMEN; AIR-POLLUTION; US CHILDREN; DNA-DAMAGE AB Our prospective cohort study of nonsmoking African-American and Dominican mothers and children in New York City is evaluating the role of prenatal exposure to urban pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and pesticides, in the pathogenesis of neurobehavioral disorders. We used the Bayley Scales of Infant Development to evaluate the effects on child mental and psychomotor development of prenatal exposure to airborne PAHs monitored during pregnancy by personal air sampling. Behavioral development was assessed by the Child Behavior Checklist. We adjusted for potential confounders including sociodemographic factors and prenatal exposure to ETS and chlorpyrifos. Prenatal exposure to PAHs was not associated with psychomotor development index or behavioral problems. However, high prenatal exposure to PAHs (upper quartile) was associated with lower mental development index at age 3 [beta = -5.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), -9.05 to -2.33; p < 0.01]. The odds of cognitive developmental delay were also significantly greater for children with high prenatal exposure (odds ratio = 2.89; 95% CI. 1.33 to 6.25; P = 0.01). General estimated equation analysis showed a significant age X PAH effect on mental development (p = 0.01), confirming the age-specific regression findings. Further adjustment for lead did not alter the relationships. There were no differences in effect sizes by ethnicity. The results require confirmation but suggest that environmental PAHs at levels recently encountered in New York City air may adversely affect children's cognitive development at 3 years of age, with implications for school performance. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Dept Stat, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. SW Res Inst, Dept Analyt & Environm Chem, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Perera, FP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 60 Haven Ave,B-109, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM fpp1@columbia.edu RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000645]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012468, 5P01ES09600, 5R01ES08977, ES09089, P01 ES009600, P30 ES009089, R01 ES008977, R01ES111158, R01ES12468] NR 61 TC 182 Z9 193 U1 5 U2 32 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 114 IS 8 BP 1287 EP 1292 DI 10.1289/ehp.9084 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 069SH UT WOS:000239468000057 PM 16882541 ER PT J AU Bowen, A Fry, A Richards, G Beuchat, L AF Bowen, A. Fry, A. Richards, G. Beuchat, L. TI Infections associated with cantaloupe consumption: a public health concern SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Review ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; MINIMALLY PROCESSED CANTALOUPE; FRESH-CUT CANTALOUPE; SALMONELLA-POONA; LISTERIA-MONOCYTOGENES; UNITED-STATES; WASHING TREATMENTS; MICROBIAL QUALITY; WHOLE CANTALOUPE; HONEYDEW MELONS AB Fresh produce is an important part of a healthy diet and is consumed in greater quantity in the United States than ever before. Consumption of cantaloupe has recently been associated with several large outbreaks of infections in North America, highlighting the need for a better understanding of practices and processes that may contribute to contamination. We reviewed all cantaloupe-associated outbreaks that were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and published in the literature. Twenty-three outbreaks occurred between 1984 and 2002; 1434 people became ill, 42 were hospitalized, and two died in these outbreaks. Aetiological agents in the outbreaks included five serotypes of Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and norovirus. We reviewed processes contributing to cantaloupe contamination, conditions affecting Survival and growth of bacterial pathogens on melons, and potential methods for sanitization. For maximum safety, industry, federal, and international partners must collaborate to ensure that appropriate interventions are in place to minimize the risk of contamination and prevent the growth of pathogens during cantaloupe production, processing, storage, and preparation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA USA. Dept Food Sci & Technol, Griffin, GA USA. RP Bowen, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM abowen@cdc.gov NR 72 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 29 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 IS 4 BP 675 EP 685 DI 10.1017/S0950268805005480 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 068MJ UT WOS:000239378100002 PM 16318654 ER PT J AU Mead, PS Dunne, EF Graves, L Wiedmann, M Patrick, M Hunter, S Salehi, E Mostashari, F Craig, A Mshar, P Bannerman, T Sauders, BD Hayes, P Dewitt, W Sparling, P Griffin, P Morse, D Slutsker, L Swaminathan, B AF Mead, P. S. Dunne, E. F. Graves, L. Wiedmann, M. Patrick, M. Hunter, S. Salehi, E. Mostashari, F. Craig, A. Mshar, P. Bannerman, T. Sauders, B. D. Hayes, P. Dewitt, W. Sparling, P. Griffin, P. Morse, D. Slutsker, L. Swaminathan, B. CA Listeria Outbreak Working Grp TI Nationwide outbreak of listeriosis due to contaminated meat SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; HOT DOGS; MONOCYTOGENES; GASTROENTERITIS; VIRULENCE; FOOD; FRANKFURTERS; ASSOCIATION; CONSUMPTION AB We used molecular subtyping to investigate an outbreak of listeriosis involving residents of 24 US states. We defined a case as infection with Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b yielding one of several closely related patterns when subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Patients infected with strains yielding different patterns were used as controls. A total of 108 cases were identified with 14 associated deaths and four miscarriages or stillbirths. A case-control study implicated meat frankfurters as the likely source of infection (OR 17(.)3, 95% CI 2(.)4-160). The outbreak ended abruptly following a manufacturer-issued recall, and the outbreak strain was later detected in low levels in the recalled product. A second strain was recovered at higher levels but was not associated with human illness. Our findings suggest that L. monocytogenes strains vary widely in virulence and confirm that large outbreaks can occur even when only low levels of contamination are detected in sampled food. Standardized molecular subtyping and coordinated, multi-jurisdiction investigations can greatly facilitate detection and control of listeriosis outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10013 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Off Sci & Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mead, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM pmead@cdc.gov RI Wiedmann, Martin/A-9683-2008; Bannerman, Tammy/E-2694-2011 OI Wiedmann, Martin/0000-0002-4168-5662; NR 36 TC 109 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 IS 4 BP 744 EP 751 DI 10.1017/S0950268805005376 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 068MJ UT WOS:000239378100012 PM 16318652 ER PT J AU Kiang, KM Scheftel, JM Leano, FT Taylor, CM Belle-Isle, PA Cebelinski, EA Danila, R Smith, KE AF Kiang, K. M. Scheftel, J. M. Leano, F. T. Taylor, C. M. Belle-Isle, P. A. Cebelinski, E. A. Danila, R. Smith, K. E. TI Recurrent outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis associated with calves among students at an educational farm programme, Minnesota SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID VETERINARY STUDENTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNOCOMPETENT AB Enteric illness outbreaks among middle-/high-school students in consecutive semesters of an educational farm programme were investigated with retrospective cohort studies. During the first outbreak, 31/92 (34 %) interviewed students were ill. Risk factors included participating in animal science class (RR 8.1, 95% CI 1.2-55.2) and contact with calves (RR 4.2, 95% CI 1.1-16.2). Stool samples from seven students and two calves yielded Cryptosporidium parvum. Students cared for animals in street clothes and practised poor hand washing. During the second outbreak, 37/81 (46 %) interviewed animal science students were ill. Risk factors included having visible manure on hands, and wearing coveralls and boots. Stool samples from seven students and eight calves yielded C. parvum. Student hand washing was still inadequate. Coveralls/boots were cleaned infrequently and removed after hand washing. These outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis resulted from calf contact and inadequate hygiene practices. The failure to adequately implement recommended interventions contributed to the second outbreak. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Smith, KE (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Invest & Control Sect, 717 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM kirk.smith@state.mn.us FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU511190] NR 25 TC 30 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 9 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 IS 4 BP 878 EP 886 DI 10.1017/S095026880500649 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 068MJ UT WOS:000239378100031 PM 16672084 ER PT J AU Murray-Lillibridge, K Barry, J Reagan, S O'Flanagan, D Sayers, G Bergin, C Keenan, E O'Briain, S Plunkett, P McMahon, G Keane, C O'Sullivan, P Igoe, D Mullen, L Ward, M Smith, A Fischer, M AF Murray-Lillibridge, K. Barry, J. Reagan, S. O'Flanagan, D. Sayers, G. Bergin, C. Keenan, E. O'Briain, S. Plunkett, P. McMahon, G. Keane, C. O'Sullivan, P. Igoe, D. Mullen, L. Ward, M. Smith, A. Fischer, M. TI Epidemiological findings and medical, legal, and public health challenges of an investigation of severe soft tissue infections and deaths among injecting drug users - Ireland, 2000 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID CLOSTRIDIUM-NOVYI; WOUND BOTULISM; HEROIN; ILLNESS; OUTBREAK; DUBLIN; PREVALENCE; ENGLAND AB In May 2000, public health authorities in Dublin, Ireland, identified a cluster of unexplained severe illness among injecting drug users (IDUs). Similar clusters were also reported in Scotland and England. Concurrent investigations were undertaken to identify the aetiology and source of the illnesses. In Dublin, 22 IDUs were identified with injection-site inflammation resulting in hospitalization or death; eight (36 %) died. Common clinical findings among patients with severe systemic symptoms included leukaemoid reaction and cardiogenic shock. Seventeen (77 %) patients reported injecting heroin intramuscularly in the 2 weeks before illness. Of 11 patients with adequate specimens available for testing, two (18 %) were positive by 16S rDNA PCR for Clostridium novyi. Clinical and laboratory findings suggested that histotoxic Clostridia caused a subset of infections in these related clusters. Empiric treatment for infections among IDUs was optimized for anaerobic organisms, and outreach led to increased enrolment in methadone treatment in Dublin. Many unique legal, medical, and public health challenges were encountered during the investigation of this outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Eastern Reg Hlth Author, Dublin, Ireland. Natl Dis Surveillance Ctr, Dublin, Ireland. St James Hosp, Dublin, Ireland. RP Murray-Lillibridge, K (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Infect Dis, 1200 Herman Pressler,Rm 707, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM kristy.M.Lillibridge@uth.tmc.edu NR 28 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 134 IS 4 BP 894 EP 901 DI 10.1017/S0950268805005418 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 068MJ UT WOS:000239378100033 PM 16316497 ER PT J AU Ayala, C Mensah, GA AF Ayala, C. Mensah, G. A. TI Is there a need to increase number of cardiology specialist to improve hypertension treatment and control efforts? SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Congress of the European-Society-of-Cardiology/World Congress of Cardiology CY SEP 02-06, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP European Soc Cardiol, World Heart Federat C1 CDC, NCCD, DHDSP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X EI 1522-9645 J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 27 SU 1 BP 251 EP 251 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 086JA UT WOS:000240668401470 ER PT J AU Glover, M Mensah, GA Strong, K Ono, T Lee, D AF Glover, M. Mensah, G. A. Strong, K. Ono, T. Lee, D. TI A global epidemic of obesity: analysis of worldwide data on obesity, by country, 2005, with projections to 2010 and 2015 SO EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Congress of the European-Society-of-Cardiology/World Congress of Cardiology CY SEP 02-06, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP European Soc Cardiol, World Heart Federat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO Global, InfoBase Team, Geneva, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0195-668X EI 1522-9645 J9 EUR HEART J JI Eur. Heart J. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 27 SU 1 BP 579 EP 579 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 086JA UT WOS:000240668404044 ER PT J AU Newton, R Ribeiro, T Alvarez, E Ziegler, J Casabonne, D Carpenter, L Beral, V Mbidde, E Parkin, DM Wabinga, H Mbulaiteye, S Jaffe, H Touze, A Coursaget, P Kaposi's, U AF Newton, Robert Ribeiro, Tatiana Alvarez, Eva Ziegler, John Casabonne, Delphine Carpenter, Lucy Beral, Valerie Mbidde, Edward Parkin, Donald Maxwell Wabinga, Henry Mbulaiteye, Sam Jaffe, Harold Touze, Antoine Coursaget, Pierre Kaposi's, Uganda CA Sarcoma Study Grp TI BK virus and cancer in Uganda SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE BK virus; cancer; Uganda ID CAPSID PROTEIN VP1; HUMAN-BRAIN TUMORS; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; POLYOMAVIRUS-BK; INSECT CELLS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; PARTICLES; EXPRESSION; HIV AB As part of an epidemiological study of cancer in Uganda, we investigated the titre of antibodies against BK virus among 821 people with different cancer types and benign tumours. Among study participants, 790 were considered seropositive for anti-BK virus antibodies and all analyses were conducted on transformed data. The mean optical density (a measure of antibody titre) for all patients combined (including the 31 who were considered seronegative) was 1.03 (standard error 0.01), but was 5% higher in women than in men (P=0.05), and 8% higher among HIV seropositive than seronegative people (P=0.002). Otherwise, there were few consistent associations between anti-BK virus antibodies and any social and lifestyle factor investigated. Differences in the mean optical density for each cancer type were estimated using multivariate analysis of variance with adjustment for sex, age group and HIV serostatus, using all other patients as controls. The mean optical density was about 17% lower among those with oral cancer (optical density 0.86, standard error 0.06; P=0.01, based on 30 patients) and about 20% higher among those with prostate cancer (optical density 1.22, standard error 0.09; P=0.01, based on 11 cases) than among all other patients combined. The number of cases of each cancer was too small to exclude the possibility of these findings arising by chance. No other cancer site or type was significantly associated with low, or with high anti-BK virus antibody titres. C1 Univ York, Dept Hlth Sci, Epidemiol & Genet Unit, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. INSERM, Fac Pharm, U618, Tours, France. Uganda Canc Inst, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Kampala, Uganda. Canc Res UK, Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England. Uganda Virus Res Inst, MRC Programme AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Newton, R (reprint author), Univ York, Dept Hlth Sci, Epidemiol & Genet Unit, 1st Floor,Seebohm Rowntree Bldg,Heslington, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. EM Rob.Newton@egu.york.ac.uk RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013; Casabonne, Delphine/H-6425-2014 NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0959-8278 J9 EUR J CANCER PREV JI Eur. J. Cancer Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1097/00008469-200608000-00002 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 072TD UT WOS:000239695000002 PM 16835499 ER PT J AU Matsudo, SM Matsudo, VKR Andrade, DR Araujo, TL Pratt, M AF Matsudo, Sandra Mahecha Rodrigues Matsudo, Victor Keihan Andrade, Douglas Roque Araujo, Timoteo Leandro Pratt, Michael TI Evaluation of a physical activity promotion program: The example of Agita Sao Paulo SO EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING LA English DT Article DE physical activity; health promotion; mobile management; evaluation; partner ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; PREVENTION AB The evaluation of the Agita Sao Paulo Program, a multi-leveled and a multi-strategy intervention on promoting physical activity (PA) in a mega-community has shown that: (1) evaluation of the processes and impact has been permanent and essential to the decisionmaking process; (2) process evaluation included indicators, instruments and evaluation techniques such as questionnaires, meeting and general reports, documents, letters, interviews, database, organization and impact of mega-events, health indexes, investments and costs charts; (3) impact evaluation included individual changes in knowledge, attitudes, recall of the program, and PA levels, as much as the effects on policies, the environment, investment, costs and organization of the target settings of intervention; (4) community-based partners in the evaluation included stakeholders, program coordinators and external agencies. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. EM sandra@celafiscs.org.br RI Matsudo, Sandra/E-7309-2013; Matsudo, Victor/E-8122-2013 OI Matsudo, Sandra/0000-0002-3705-9458; Matsudo, Victor/0000-0003-3552-486X NR 25 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0149-7189 J9 EVAL PROGRAM PLANN JI Eval. Program Plan. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 29 IS 3 BP 301 EP 311 DI 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2005.12.006 PG 11 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 099SZ UT WOS:000241617500013 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Loftis, AD Sanders, F Spinks, MD Wills, W Denison, AM Dasch, GA AF Reeves, Will K. Loftis, Amanda D. Sanders, Felicia Spinks, Mark D. Wills, William Denison, Amy M. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Borrelia, Coxiella, and Rickettsia in Carios capensis (Acari : Argasidae) from a brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) rookery in South Carolina, USA SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article DE tick; pelican; Rickettsia; Borrelia; Coxiella; South Carolina ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; TICKS; IXODOIDEA; BURNETII; IDENTIFICATION; FEVER; DNA; TRANSMISSION AB Argasid ticks are vectors of viral and bacterial agents of humans and animals. Carios capensis, a tick of seabirds, infests the nests of brown pelicans, Pelecanus occidentalis, and other ground nesting birds along the coast of South Carolina. This tick is associated with pelican nest abandonment and could pose a threat to humans visiting pelican rookeries if visitors are exposed to ticks harboring infectious agents. We collected ticks from a pelican rookery on Deveaux Bank, South Carolina and screened 64 individual ticks, six pools of larvae, and an egg mass for DNA from Bartonella, Borrelia, Coxiella, and Rickettsia by polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing. Ticks harbored DNA from "Borrelia lonestari", a novel Coxiella sp., and three species of Rickettsia, including Rickettsia felis and two undescribed Rickettsia spp. DNA from the Coxiella and two undescribed Rickettsia were detected in unfed larvae that emerged in the laboratory, which implies these agents are transmitted vertically by female ticks. We partially characterize the novel Coxiella by molecular means. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Santee Coastal Reserve, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, McClellanville, SC 29458 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cui8@cdc.gov OI Dasch, Gregory/0000-0001-6090-1810; Denison, Amy/0000-0002-2163-3849 NR 38 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 39 IS 3-4 BP 321 EP 329 DI 10.1007/s10493-006-9012-7 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 076KU UT WOS:000239957500012 PM 16821092 ER PT J AU Link, MW AF Link, Michael W. TI Predicting the persistence and performance of newly recruited telephone interviewers SO FIELD METHODS LA English DT Article DE survey research; telephone surveys; survey interviewers; survey methodology ID RATES AB The impact of personal characteristics and work environment on telephone interviewer job persistence, efficiency and effectiveness is examined. Data included interviewer demographics, experience, skills. and attitudes, as well as time-clock and production statistics from 383 newly recruited telephone interviewers working on two large-scale national surveys. Findings indicate that interviewer success results from a complex mix of individual and workplace characteristics. Workplace factors such as location of facility, shift worked, and study assignment appear more relevant to predicting persistence in the job, while individual attributes, including telephone skills, previous experience, and having a confident vet realistic attitude toward survey research art, mort, closely related to job performance. These findings have implications for both the recruitment of and the training of successful telephone interviewers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1525-822X J9 FIELD METHOD JI Field Methods PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 3 BP 305 EP 320 DI 10.1177/1525822X06287534 PG 16 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 118TW UT WOS:000242965600005 ER PT J AU Nainan, OV Alter, MJ Kruszon-Moran, D Gao, FX Xia, GL McQuillan, G Margolis, HS AF Nainan, Omana V. Alter, Miriam J. Kruszon-Moran, Deanna Gao, Feng-Xiang Xia, Guoliang McQuillan, Geraldine Margolis, Harold S. TI Hepatitis C virus genotypes and viral concentrations in participants of a general population survey in the United States SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; PLUS RIBAVIRIN; PEGINTERFERON ALPHA-2B; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; INITIAL TREATMENT; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; AMERICAN; THERAPY AB Background&Aims: Estimates of the long-term benefits of antiviral therapies for chronic hepatitis C are influenced by the frequency of characteristics that affect response in the population treated. This study determined hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and RNA titers among HCV-infected persons in the general population of the United States. Methods: Genotypes were determined from the NS5b region, and HCV RNA was quantified by using Amplicor Monitor (Roche Diagnostic Systems, Inc, Branchburg, NJ) from 275 HCV RNA-positive participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted during 1988 to 1994. Results: The HCV genotypes identified included 1a (n = 142), 1b (n = 73), 2a (n = 8), 2b (n = 27), 3a (n = :17), 4 (n = 3), and 6 (n = 5). Based on weighted analysis of persons infected with genotypes 1, 2, and 3, genotype :1 predominated in all age groups (75.3%). By racial/ethnic group, genotype I was found in 90.9% of non-Hispanic blacks, 69.6% of non-Hispanic whites, and 71.2% of Mexican Americans. After adjusting for age and gender, only non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity was independently associated with genotype 1 infection (adjusted odds ratio 4.9; 95% confidence interval, :1.9-12.8). The overall geometric mean concentration of HCV RNA was 2.1 X 10(6) IU/mL; concentrations > 2 million IU/mL were found in 53.0% overall and 50.3% of persons with genotype 1. Conclusions: Persons with chronic hepatitis C in the United States who may require treatment in the foreseeable future are predominantly infected with genotype 1, including a disproportionate number of non-Hispanic blacks. These features emphasize the need for improved therapies that reduce or eliminate complications from genotype I infections. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Surveys, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Int Vaccine Inst, Seoul, South Korea. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Inst Human Infect & Immun, 301 Univ Blvd,Mail Route 0435, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM mjalter@utmb.edu NR 39 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 131 IS 2 BP 478 EP 484 DI 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.06.007 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 072WX UT WOS:000239704800021 PM 16890602 ER PT J AU Scheuner, MT Whitworth, WC McGruder, H Yoon, PW Khoury, MJ AF Scheuner, Maren T. Whitworth, William C. McGruder, Henraya Yoon, Paula W. Khoury, Muin J. TI Expanding the definition of a positive family history for early-onset coronary heart disease SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PARENTAL CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; ARTERY-DISEASE; STROKE; WOMEN; MEN; ACCURACY; ADULTS; POPULATION AB Purpose: Assessing familial risk for early-onset coronary heart disease (CHID) is typically limited to first-degree relatives with early-onset CHID. To evaluate the impact of additional family history, we examined the associations between various family history definitions and early-onset CHID. Methods: By using the national HealthStyles 2003 survey data, we assessed associations between self-reported family history and personal history of early-onset CHID (diagnosed at or before age 60 years), adjusting for demographics, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and obesity. Results: Of 4035 respondents, 60% were female and 72% were white, with a mean age of 48.8 years; 4.4% had early-onset CHID. In addition to having at least one first-degree relative with early-onset CHID, other significant associations included having at least one first-degree relative with late-onset CHID, at least one second-degree relative with early-onset CHID, and two or more affected second-degree relatives regardless of age of onset of CHO. Early-onset stroke in at least one first-degree relative and, in women, having at least one first-degree relative with diabetes were also significantly associated with early-onset CHO. Conclusions: Family history beyond early-onset CHID in first-degree relatives is significantly associated with prevalent CHID diagnosed at or before age 60 years. C1 RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Scheuner, MT (reprint author), RAND Corp, 1776 Main St,POB 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 52 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 8 BP 491 EP 501 DI 10.1097/01.gim.0000232582.91028.0-3 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 076QA UT WOS:000239971600003 PM 16912580 ER PT J AU Scheuner, MT Whitworth, WC McGruder, H Yoon, PW Khoury, MJ AF Scheuner, Maren T. Whitworth, William C. McGruder, Henraya Yoon, Paula W. Khoury, Muin J. TI Familial risk assessment for early-onset coronary heart disease SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PARENTAL CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ARTERY-DISEASE; PRIMARY-CARE; HISTORY; ACCURACY; WOMEN AB Purpose: We examined the performance of a familial risk assessment method that stratifies risk for early-onset coronary heart disease by considering the number of relatives with coronary disease, degree of relationship, lineage, and age at diagnosis. Methods: By using data from the HealthStyles 2003 survey, we assessed the associations between familial risk and early-onset coronary heart disease, diabetes, hyperchoiesterolemia, hypertension, and obesity. By using area under the curve statistics, we evaluated the discriminatory ability of various risk assessment models. Results: Of 4035 respondents, 60% were female and 72% were white, with a mean age of 48.8 years. After adjustment for demographics, strong and moderate risk were significantly associated with approximately a five- and twofold risk of early-onset coronary disease, respectively. After adjustment for demographics and personal history of cardiovascular disease, strong familial risk was also significantly associated with diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and obesity. A risk assessment model that included familial risk, demographics, and personal history of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and obesity was most optimal with an area under the curve statistic of 87.2%. Conclusions: Familial risk assessment can stratify risk for early-onset coronary heart disease. Several conditions associated with increased familial risk can be prevented. These results have important implications for risk assessment and risk-reducing interventions. C1 RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Heart Dis & Stroke Promot, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Scheuner, MT (reprint author), RAND Corp, 1776 Main St,POB 2138, Santa Monica, CA 90407 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 8 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1097/01.gim.0000232480.00293.00 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 076QA UT WOS:000239971600007 PM 16912584 ER PT J AU Airhihenbuwa, CO Liburd, L AF Airhihenbuwa, Collins O. Liburd, Leandris TI Eliminating health disparities in the African American population: The interface of culture, gender, and power SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE African American; health disparity; culture; power; gender ID RACE; ENVIRONMENT; COMMUNITY; CHURCHES; ADDRESS; TRENDS; WOMEN; US AB Since the release of former Secretary Margaret Heckler's Secretary's Task Force Report on Black and Minority Health more than two decades ago, excess death from chronic diseases and other conditions between African Americans and Whites have increased. The conclusion of that report emphasized excess death and thus clinical care, paying little attention to the sociocultural environment and its effects on risk of disease. The authors of this article contend that eliminating health disparities between the African American and White populations in the United States requires a focus on improving the social environment of African Americans. They examine the interface of culture, gender, and power and how those are central to analysis of the root causes of health disparities. The REACH 2010 project of the Centers for Disease Control offers examples on how a coalition of community and research organizations can infuse community interventions with informed considerations of culture, gender, and power to eliminate health disparities. C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Hlth & Program Serv Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Airhihenbuwa, CO (reprint author), Penn State Univ, 304 E Hlth & Human Dev Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM aou@psu.edu NR 57 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 EI 1552-6127 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 33 IS 4 BP 488 EP 501 DI 10.1177/1090198106287731 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 056QR UT WOS:000238540700006 PM 16769757 ER PT J AU Ettner, SL Thompson, TJ Stevens, MR Mangione, CM Kim, C Steers, WN Goewey, J Brown, AF Chung, RS Narayan, KMV AF Ettner, Susan L. Thompson, Theodore J. Stevens, Mark R. Mangione, Carol M. Kim, Catherine Steers, W. Neil Goewey, Jennifer Brown, Arleen F. Chung, Richard S. Narayan, K. M. Venkat CA TRIAD Study Grp TI Are physician reimbursement strategies associated with processes of care and patient satisfaction for patients with diabetes in managed care? SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE provider financial incentives; reimbursement; quality of care; diabetes ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS; QUALITY-OF-CARE; FINANCIAL INCENTIVES; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; TRANSLATING RESEARCH; PERFORMANCE; PAYMENT; IMPACT; RATES; FEEDBACK AB Objective. To examine associations between physician reimbursement incentives and diabetes care processes and explore potential confounding with physician organizational model. Data Sources. Primary data collected during 2000 - 2001 in 10 managed care plans. Study Design. Multilevel logistic regressions were used to estimate associations between reimbursement incentives and process measures, including the receipt of dilated eye exams, foot exams, influenza immunizations, advice to take aspirin, and assessments of glycemic control, proteinuria, and lipid profile. Reimbursement measures included the proportions of compensation received from salary, capitation, fee-for-service (FFS), and performance-based payment; the performance-based payment criteria used; and interactions of these criteria with the strength of the performance-based payment incentive. DataCollection. Patient, provider group, and health plan surveys and medical record reviews were conducted for 6,194 patients with diabetes. Principal Findings. Without controlling for physician organizational model, care processes were better when physician compensation was based primarily on direct salary rather than FFS reimbursement ( four of seven processes were better, with relative risks ranging from 1.13 to 1.23) or capitation ( six were better, with relative risks from 1.06 to 1.36); and when quality/satisfaction scores influenced physician compensation ( three were better, with relative risks from 1.17 to 1.26). However, these associations were substantially confounded by organizational model. Conclusions. Physician reimbursement strategies are associated with diabetes care processes, although their independent contributions are difficult to assess, due to high correlation with physician organizational model. Regardless of causality, a group's use of quality/satisfaction scores to determine physician compensation may indicate delivery of high-quality diabetes care. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Hawaii Med Serv Assoc, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Ettner, SL (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, 911 Broxton Plaza,Room 106, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 FU NIMHD NIH HHS [L60 MD001153, L60 MD001153-01]; PHS HHS [U48/CCU916380] NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1221 EP 1241 DI 10.1111/j.1475-6773.2006.00533.x PN 1 PG 21 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 065VQ UT WOS:000239188400004 PM 16899004 ER PT J AU Hwang, LY Kramer, JR Troisi, C Bull, L Grimes, CZ Lyerla, R Alter, MJ AF Hwang, Lu-Yu Kramer, Jennifer R. Troisi, Catherine Bull, Lara Grimes, Carolyn Z. Lyerla, Rob Alter, Miriam J. TI Relationship of cosmetic procedures and drug use to hepatitis C and hepatitis B virus infections in a low-risk population SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis ID UNITED-STATES; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; BLOOD-DONORS; NEW-MEXICO; NON-A; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TATTOOS; PREVALENCE; TRANSMISSION; DISEASE AB We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional seroprevalence study of a population with a low firequency of injection drug use to determine whether persons with a history of cosmetic procedures, such as tattooing and body piercing, or intranasal drug use were at increased risk for hepatitis C virus (HCV) or hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Students 18 years and older from eight college campuses in Houston, Texas, were invited to participate in the study. Of the 7,960 who completed a self-administered questionnaire and provided a blood sample, 5,282 U.S.- or Canadian-born participants were analyzed. Their median age was 21, 62% were female, 42% were white, 26% black, 22% Hispanic, and 10% Asian or other. Two percent reported injection drug use, 13.7% intranasal drug use, 21.2% body piercings, and 25.2% tattoos. The overall prevalence of HCV infection was 0.9% and of HBV infection was 5.2%. Higher HCV prevalence was independently associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] per year = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08-1.14), history of injection drug use (OR = 18.24; 95% CI = 7.74-42.92), blood transfusion before 1991 (OR = 3.21; 95% CI = 1.02-10.12), and incarceration (OR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.45-8.37). Among 5,066 students who denied injecting drugs, HCV prevalence was 0.8% in those who reported intranasal drug use and 0.6% each in those who reported tattoos and those who reported body piercing. Increased HBV prevalence was associated with high-risk sexual behaviors and black or Asian race. In conclusion, there was no increased risk for HCV or HBV infection in low-risk adults based solely on history of cosmetic procedures or snorting drugs. However, proper infection control practices for cosmetic procedures should be followed, illegal drug use discouraged, and hepatitis B vaccination provided to adolescents and sexually active adults. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr Houston, Div Epidemiol & Dis Control, Ctr Infect Dis,Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatisis, Atlanta, GA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Sect Hlth Serv Res, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hwang, LY (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Ctr Infect Dis, E717,1200 Herman Presller, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM Lu-Yu.Hwang@uth.tmc.edu FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU616922] NR 28 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 2 BP 341 EP 351 DI 10.1002/hep.21252 PG 11 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 070LF UT WOS:000239523200008 PM 16871571 ER PT J AU Tatti, KM Shieh, WJ Phillips, S Augenbraun, M Rao, C Zaki, SR AF Tatti, Kathleen M. Shieh, Wun-Ju Phillips, Sonya Augenbraun, Michael Rao, Chandrakant Zaki, Sherif R. TI Molecular diagnosis of Nocardia farcinica from a cerebral abscess SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerebral abscess; Nocardia farcinica; PCR; 16S rDNA ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PRIMARY BRAIN-ABSCESS; OTITIDISCAVIARUM; PATIENT; DNA; PCR; IDENTIFICATION AB Histopathology and special stains of a brain biopsy specimen from a 42-year-old man revealed numerous gram-positive bacilli arranged in branching filaments, suggesting Nocardia infection. Antibiotic therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole markedly decreased the abscess size, and the patient improved. DNA was analyzed from formalin-fixed sections of the cerebral abscess by a 16S ribosomal DNA polymerase chain reaction assay demonstrating the presence of either Nocardia farcinica or N otitidiscaviarum. A species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay confirmed N farcinica as the etiologic agent. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kings Cty Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Kings Cty Hosp, Dept Pathol, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. RP Tatti, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ket2@cdc.gov RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887 NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 37 IS 8 BP 1117 EP 1121 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.02.019 PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 072SW UT WOS:000239694300027 PM 16867876 ER PT J AU Hovis, KM Schriefer, ME Bahlani, S Marconi, RT AF Hovis, Kelley M. Schriefer, Martin E. Bahlani, Sonia Marconi, Richard T. TI Immunological and molecular analyses of the Borrelia hermsii factor H and factor H-like protein 1 binding protein, FhbA: Demonstration of its utility as a diagnostic marker and epidemiological tool for tick-borne relapsing fever SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID 32-KILOBASE CIRCULAR PLASMIDS; COMPLEMENT FACTOR-H; LYME-DISEASE; SURFACE PROTEIN; INTERSTATE OUTBREAK; SELECTIVE BINDING; BURGDORFERI; SPIROCHETE; INFECTIVITY; OSPE AB It has been demonstrated that Borrelia hermsii, a causative agent of relapsing fever, produces a factor H (FH) and FH-like protein 1 (FHL-1) binding protein. The binding protein has been designated FhbA. To determine if FH/FHL-1 binding is widespread among B. hermsii isolates, a diverse panel of strains was tested for the FH/FHL-1 binding phenotype and FhbA production. Most isolates (23/24) produced FhbA and bound FH/FHL-1. Potential variation in FhbA among isolates was analyzed by DNA sequence analyses. Two genetically distinct FhbA types, designated fhbA1 and fhbA2, were delineated, and type-specific PCR primers were generated to allow for rapid differentiation. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and hybridization analyses demonstrated that all isolates that possess the gene carry it on a 200-kb linear plasmid (Ip200), whereas isolates that lack the gene lack Ip200 and instead carry an Ip170. To determine if FhbA is antigenic during infection and to assess the specificity of the response, recombinant FhbA1 (rFhbA1) and rFhbA2 were screened with serum from infected mice and humans. FhbA was found to be expressed and antigenic and to elicit a potentially type-specific FhbA response. To localize the epitopes of FhbA1 and FhbA2, truncations were generated and screened with infection serum. The epitopes were determined to be conformationally defined. Collectively, these analyses indicate that FH/FHL-1 binding is a widespread virulence mechanism for B. hermsii and provide insight into the genetic and antigenic structure of FhbA. The data also have potential implications for understanding the epidemiology of relapsing fever in North America and can be applied to the future development of species-specific diagnostic tools. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Coll Med, Ctr Study Biol Complex, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Marconi, RT (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1112 E Clay St,McGuire Hall, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM rmarconi@hsc.vcu.edu NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 74 IS 8 BP 4519 EP 4529 DI 10.1128/IAI.00377-06 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 068NO UT WOS:000239381400015 PM 16861638 ER PT J AU Blakely, JTM Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Jarvis, WR AF Blakely, Jennifer Tuboku-Metzger Sinkowitz-Cochran, Ronda L. Jarvis, William R. TI Infectious diseases physicians' preferences for continuing medical education on antimicrobial resistance and other general topics SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS AB A 19-item survey instrument was designed and mailed by the Infectious Diseases Society of America to its membership to determine the media preferred by infectious diseases physicians for continuing medical education on general topics and on antimicrobial resistance. The objective of the survey was to offer the developers of educational programs knowledge on which to base more-effective ways to deliver educational materials to physicians in this specialty. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rls7@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 27 IS 8 BP 873 EP 875 DI 10.1086/505922 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205AD UT WOS:000249084200014 PM 16874650 ER PT J AU Corso, P Finkelstein, E Miller, T Fiebelkorn, I Zaloshnja, E AF Corso, P. Finkelstein, E. Miller, T. Fiebelkorn, I. Zaloshnja, E. TI Incidence and lifetime costs of injuries in the United States SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Background: Standardized methodologies for assessing economic burden of injury at the national or international level do not exist. Objective: To measure national incidence, medical costs, and productivity losses of medically treated injuries using the most recent data available in the United States, as a case study for similarly developed countries undertaking economic burden analyses. Method: The authors combined several data sets to estimate the incidence of fatal and non-fatal injuries in 2000. They computed unit medical and productivity costs and multiplied these costs by corresponding incidence estimates to yield total lifetime costs of injuries occurring in 2000. Main outcome measures: Incidence, medical costs, productivity losses, and total costs for injuries stratified by age group, sex, and mechanism. Results: More than 50 million Americans experienced a medically treated injury in 2000, resulting in lifetime costs of $406 billion; $80 billion for medical treatment and $326 billion for lost productivity. Males had a 20% higher rate of injury than females. Injuries resulting from falls or being struck by/against an object accounted for more than 44% of injuries. The rate of medically treated injuries declined by 15% from 1985 to 2000 in the US. For those aged 0 - 44, the incidence rate of injuries declined by more than 20%; while persons aged 75 and older experienced a 20% increase. Conclusions: These national burden estimates provide unequivocal evidence of the large health and financial burden of injuries. This study can serve as a template for other countries or be used in intercountry comparisons. C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Pacif Inst Res & Evaluat, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. RP Corso, P (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pcorso@cdc.gov OI Miller, Ted/0000-0002-0958-2639 NR 14 TC 178 Z9 180 U1 2 U2 25 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 12 IS 4 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1136/ip.2005.010983 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 070CI UT WOS:000239497500005 PM 16887941 ER PT J AU Rowe, SY Olewe, MA Kleinbaum, DG McGowan, JE McFarland, DA Rochat, R Deming, MS AF Rowe, S. Y. Olewe, M. A. Kleinbaum, D. G. Mcgowan, J. E., Jr. McFarland, D. A. Rochat, R. Deming, M. S. TI The influence of observation and setting on community health workers' practices SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Article DE case management; child health; community health worker; Hawthorne effect; Kenya; treatment error ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; MANAGEMENT; PERFORMANCE; QUALITY; CHILDREN; CARE AB Objective. To determine whether results from an evaluation that involved observation of community health workers while they performed patient consultations in a hospital reflected normal everyday practices. Design. Comparison of two samples of ill-child consultations: (i) consultations performed during an evaluation in which we observed community health workers in a hospital in-patient and outpatient department from February to March 2001 and (ii) consultations performed under no observation in villages and documented in clinical registers within the 90 days before the hospital evaluation. Setting. Siaya District Hospital and villages in Kenya. Study participants. Community health workers. Main outcome measure. Treatment error indicator, defined as the percentage of consultations where at least one recommended treatment (where recommended treatments were those that were indicated based on community health worker assessments of the child's condition) was not prescribed. Results. We analyzed data on 1132 consultations (372 from the hospital evaluation and 760 from the community) performed by 103 community health workers. For all types of consultations combined, the difference between treatment error indicators (hospital minus community) was -16.4 [95% confidence interval (CI): -25.6, -7.1]. Conclusions. We found that community health workers made treatment errors less frequently when they were observed in a hospital in-patient or outpatient department than when they were not observed in the community. Evaluations that involve the observation of community health workers in a hospital setting might overestimate the quality of care that they normally give in their villages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CARE Kenya, Siaya, Kenya. RP Rowe, SY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM say9@cdc.gov RI Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1353-4505 J9 INT J QUAL HEALTH C JI Int. J. Qual. Health Care PD AUG PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1093/intqhc/mzl009 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 075RH UT WOS:000239902400008 PM 16675475 ER PT J AU Ribas-Fito, N Gladen, BC Brock, JW Klebanoff, MA Longnecker, MP AF Ribas-Fito, Nuria Gladen, Beth C. Brock, John W. Klebanoff, Mark A. Longnecker, Matthew P. TI Prenatal exposure to 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p '-DDE) in relation to child growth SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE p,p '-DDE; growth; children; cohort ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE; DDT; MALARIA; HEIGHT; PESTICIDES; SUCCESS; PCBS; RISK AB Objective To examine the relation between prenatal 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (p,p'-DDE) exposure (a metabolite of the insecticide DDT) and child growth during the first 7 years of life. Design Prospective cohort study. Participants 1712 children born between 1959 and 1966 with measured p,p'-DDE concentrations in their mother's serum samples from pregnancy. Setting Multicenter US Collaborative Perinatal Project (CPP). Results The highest prenatal concentrations of p,p'-DDE ( >= 60 mu g/l), as compared with the lowest (< 15 mu g/l), were associated with decreased height at age 1 year [adjusted coefficient (SE) = -0.72 cm (0.37), n = 1540], 4 years [-1.14 cm (0.56), n = 1289], and 7 years [-2.19 (0.46), n = 1371]. Among subjects in lower categories of exposure no association was observed. Conclusions The findings suggest that high prenatal exposure to p,p'-DDE decreases height in children. Impaired growth may be a general indicator of toxicity and suggests that specific organ systems (e.g. endocrine) could be affected. C1 Inst Municipal Invest Med, Resp & Environm Hlth Res Unit, Barcelona 08003, Spain. NIEHS, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ribas-Fito, N (reprint author), Inst Municipal Invest Med, Resp & Environm Hlth Res Unit, C Dr Aiguader,80, Barcelona 08003, Spain. EM nribas@imim.es OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4 BP 853 EP 858 DI 10.1093/ije/dyl067 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 090GR UT WOS:000240939300008 PM 16606643 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM AF Flegal, K. M. TI Excess deaths associated with obesity: cause and effect SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Editorial Material ID BREAST-CANCER; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; WOMEN; CHEMOTHERAPY; WHITE; CARE C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kmf2@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 30 IS 8 BP 1171 EP 1172 DI 10.1039/sj.ijo.0803313 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 067NG UT WOS:000239309300001 PM 16871273 ER PT J AU Yagui, M Perales, MT Asencios, L Vergara, L Suarez, C Yale, G Salazar, C Saavedra, M Shin, S Ferrousier, O Cegielski, R AF Yagui, M. Perales, M. T. Asencios, L. Vergara, L. Suarez, C. Yale, G. Salazar, C. Saavedra, M. Shin, S. Ferrousier, O. Cegielski, R. TI Timely diagnosis of MDR-TB under program conditions: is rapid drug susceptibility testing sufficient? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; diagnosis; antimicrobial drug resistance; multidrug resistance; pulmonary diseases ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; NITRATE REDUCTASE ASSAY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SPECIMENS; SPUTUM; LIMA; PERU AB Timely diagnosis and effective, safe treatment are essential to reduce transmission and improve outcomes for patients with tuberculosis. Aside from laboratory methods, many programmatic factors influence the overall turnaround time (TAT) in diagnosing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We measured each step in the overall TAT required for MDR-TB in two of five health districts of Lima, Peru. The total TAT, from initial sputurn specimen to diagnosis and appropriate treatment, was 5 months, almost twice as long as the bacteriological procedures per se. Expensive investments in laboratory technology may yield low returns unless the programmatic aspects of the diagnostic process are streamlined at the same time. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Social Med & Hlth Inequalities, Boston, MA 02120 USA. Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. Direcc Salud V Lima Ciudad, Programa Control TB, Lima, Peru. Direcc Salud IV Lima Este, Programa Control TB, Lima, Peru. Socios Salud, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shin, S (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Social Med & Hlth Inequalities, 1620 Tremont St,3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02120 USA. EM sshin@partners.org NR 14 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 10 IS 8 BP 838 EP 843 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 065XY UT WOS:000239194700004 PM 16898366 ER PT J AU Rangel, MC Gavin, L Reed, C Fowler, MG Lee, LM AF Rangel, Maria C. Gavin, Loretta Reed, Christie Fowler, Mary G. Lee, Lisa M. TI Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS among adolescents and young adults in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescent; HIV; AIDS; surveillance ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RISK BEHAVIOR; INFECTION; HEALTH; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDREN; VISITS; TRENDS; RATES AB Purpose: To describe the current status of the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Despite reported declines in sexual risk behaviors among adolescents in the past decade, little has been published about the epidemiology of HIV and AIDS among adolescents and young adults in the United States. Methods: We analyzed cases of HIV or AIDS diagnosed among persons aged 13 to 24 years and reported to the national HIV/AIDS Reporting System. We used AIDS cases diagnosed from 1985 through 2003 from the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. trusts and territories, and we used HIV cases diagnosed in 2003 from 32 states and the U.S. Virgin Islands. We present five-year trends in HIV diagnoses from 1999 through 2003 from 33 surveillance areas that have stable name-based HIV reporting. The data were adjusted for reporting delays and unreported risk factors. Results: At the end of 2003, 7074 adolescents and young adults, aged 13 to 24 years at the time of diagnosis, were living with AIDS in the United States. Of these, 63% were aged 20 to 24 years. AIDS rates were highest among black persons (63 per 100,000) and youth living in the South (22 per 100,000) and Northeast (18 per 100,000). Among females, the number of diagnosed HIV cases decreased from 1611 cases in 1999 to 1454 in 2003. Among males, the number increased significantly from 1763 in 1999 to 2443 in 2003. The observed increase in the number of HIV diagnoses among males was driven by an increase in HIV diagnoses among young men who have sex with men. Conclusions: National case surveillance data for persons aged 13 to 24 years revealed that the burden of HIV and AIDS falls most heavily upon the Southern region of the United States and disproportionately upon black and Hispanic youth. The observed increases in the number of HIV cases among men who have sex with men are congruent with recent reports that suggest a resurgence of HIV among these young men. Our findings highlight the need for intensified HIV prevention efforts within minority communities and among men who have sex with men as well as strengthened efforts to encourage at-risk youth to get tested for HIV. (c) 2006 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Prevent, Appl Sci Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Geog Med Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rangel, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mnr7@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 4 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 156 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.02.011 PG 8 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 069KS UT WOS:000239445700010 PM 16857526 ER PT J AU Jones, SE Merkle, S Wheeler, L Mannino, DM Crossett, L AF Jones, Sherry Everett Merkle, Sarah Wheeler, Lani Mannino, David M. Crossett, Linda TI Tobacco and other drug use among high school students with asthma SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE asthma; drugs; youth; adolescents; cigarettes AB The 2003 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey data were analyzed to compare drug use among high school students with and without asthma. High school students with current asthma used cigarettes, cigars, marijuana, and inhalants (huffing) at rates equal to or greater than high school students without current asthma. (c) 2006 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Jones, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS K33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM severettjones@cdc.gov OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 9 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 39 IS 2 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.12.003 PG 4 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 069KS UT WOS:000239445700028 PM 16857544 ER PT J AU Reynolds, B AF Reynolds, Barbara TI Response to best practices SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED COMMUNICATION RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMMUNICATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reynolds, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bsr0@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0090-9882 J9 J APPL COMMUN RES JI J. Appl. Commun. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 34 IS 3 BP 249 EP 252 DI 10.1080/00909880600771593 PG 4 WC Communication SC Communication GA 063QE UT WOS:000239033800004 ER PT J AU Glanz, JM McClure, DL Xu, S Hambidge, SJ Lee, M Kolczak, MS Kleinman, K Mullooly, JP France, EK AF Glanz, Jason M. McClure, David L. Xu, Stanley Hambidge, Simon J. Lee, Martin Kolczak, Margarette S. Kleinman, Ken Mullooly, John P. France, Eric K. TI Four different study designs to evaluate vaccine safety were equally validated with contrasting limitations SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE simulation study; cohort; case-control; risk-interval; self-controlled case series (SCCS); bias (epidemiology); confounding factors (epidemiology) ID IDIOPATHIC THROMBOCYTOPENIC PURPURA; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINATION; INFLUENZA VACCINE; ADVERSE REACTIONS; MMR VACCINE; CASE SERIES; CHILDREN; RISK; EXPOSURE; PROJECT AB Objective: We conducted a simulation study to empirically compare four study designs [cohort, case-control, risk-interval, self-controlled case series (SCCS)] used to assess vaccine safety. Study Design and Methods: Using Vaccine Safety Datalink data (a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded project), we simulated 250 case sets of an acute illness within a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated children. We constructed the other three study designs from the cohort at three different incident rate ratios (IRRs, 2.00, 3.00, and 4.00), 15 levels of decreasing disease incidence, and two confounding levels (20%, 40%) for both fixed and seasonal confounding. Each of the design-specific study samples was analyzed with a regression model. The design-specific (beta) over cap estimates were compared. Results: The (beta) over cap estimates of the case-control, risk-interval, and SCCS designs were within 5% of the true risk parameters or cohort estimates. However, the case-control's estimates were less precise, less powerful, and biased by fixed confounding. The estimates of SCCS and risk-interval designs were biased by unadjusted seasonal confounding. Conclusions: All the methods were valid designs, with contrasting strengths and weaknesses. In particular, the SCCS method proved to be an efficient and valid alternative to the cohort method. (C) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO 80237 USA. Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Community Hlth Serv, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. RP Glanz, JM (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Clin Res Unit, POB 378006, Denver, CO 80237 USA. EM jason.m.glanz@kp.org NR 30 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 59 IS 8 BP 808 EP 818 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.11.012 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 065KR UT WOS:000239159300009 PM 16828674 ER PT J AU Nix, WA Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA AF Nix, W. Allan Oberste, M. Steven Pallansch, Mark A. TI Sensitive, seminested PCR amplification of VP1 sequences for direct identification of all enterovirus serotypes from original clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR-IDENTIFICATION; RT-PCR; ASEPTIC-MENINGITIS; CLASSIFICATION; PICORNAVIRUSES; INFECTIONS; UTILITY; DESIGN AB A reverse transcription-seminested PCR (RT-snPCR) assay was developed for the detection and identification of enterovirus (EV) RNA in clinical specimens. Three conserved protein motifs were identified by aligning the VP3 and VP1 sequences of prototype EV strains. Consensus degenerate primers were designed from a conserved VP3 motif and a distal VP1 motif for the first PCR. Consensus-degenerate hybrid oligonucleotide primers were designed from an internal VP1 motif and used with the same distal VP1 motif for the second, seminested PCR step. The primers were designed for broad target specificity and amplified all recognized and proposed EV serotypes and other antigenic variant strains tested. The VP1 RT-snPCR assay was slightly more sensitive than our in-house EV 5' nontranslated region RT-snPCR assay, detecting as few as 10 RNA copies per reaction. As an example application, the VP1 RT-snPCR assay was used to identify EVs in clinical specimens. A product of the expected size was successfully amplified and sequenced from cerebrospinal fluid; serum; stool suspensions; and nasopharyngeal, eye, and rectal swab specimens, allowing unambiguous identification of the infecting virus in all cases. The VP1 sequences derived from the RT-snPCR products allow rapid phylogenetic and molecular epidemiologic analysis of strains circulating during the EV season and comparison with EV sequences from past seasons or from different locations around the world. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis,Enterovirus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio & Picornavirus Lab Branch, Div Viral Dis, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis,Enterovirus Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soberste@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 350 Z9 380 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2698 EP 2704 DI 10.1128/JCM.00542-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 076UG UT WOS:000239982800004 PM 16891480 ER PT J AU Colombo, AL Nucci, M Park, BJ Nouer, SA Arthington-Skaggs, B da Matta, DA Warnock, D Morgan, J AF Colombo, Arnaldo L. Nucci, Marcio Park, Benjamin J. Nouer, Simone A. Arthington-Skaggs, Beth da Matta, Daniel A. Warnock, David Morgan, Juliette CA Brazilian Network Candidemia Study TI Epidemiology of candidemia in Brazil: a nationwide sentinel surveillance of candidemia in eleven medical Centers SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED CANDIDEMIA; SECULAR TRENDS; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; RECEIVING VORICONAZOLE; EUROPEAN CONFEDERATION; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY AB Candidemia studies have documented geographic differences in rates and epidemiology, underscoring the need for surveillance to monitor trends. We conducted prospective candidemia surveillance in Brazil to assess the incidence, species distribution, frequency of antifungal resistance, and risk factors for fluconazole-resistant Candida species. Prospective laboratory-based surveillance was conducted from March 2003 to December 2004 in 11 medical centers located in 9 major Brazilian cities. A case of candidemia was defined as the isolation of Candida spp. from a blood culture. Incidence rates were calculated per 1,000 admissions and 1,000 patient-days. Antifungal susceptibility tests were performed by using the broth microdilution assay, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. We detected 712 cases, for an overall incidence of 2.49 cases per 1,000 admissions and 0.37 cases per 1,000 patient-days. The 30-day crude mortality was 54%. C. albicans was the most common species (40.9%), followed by C. tropicalis (20.9%) and C. parapsilosis (20.5%). Overall, decreased susceptibility to fluconazole occurred in 33 (5%) of incident isolates, 6 (1%) of which were resistant. There was a linear correlation between fluconazole and voriconazole MICs (r = 0.54 and P < 0.001 [Spearman's rho]). This is the largest multicenter candidemia study conducted in Latin America and shows the substantial morbidity and mortality of candidemia in Brazil. Antifungal resistance was rare, but correlation between fluconazole and voriconazole MICs suggests cross-resistance may occur. C1 Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Div Infect Dis, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Univ Hosp, Hematol Serv, Mycol Lab, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Univ Hosp, Hosp Infect Control Serv, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Colombo, AL (reprint author), Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Div Infect Dis, Rua Botucatu 740, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM colomboal@terra.com.br RI Nucci, Marcio/G-4515-2012 OI Nucci, Marcio/0000-0003-4867-0014 NR 57 TC 260 Z9 273 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2816 EP 2823 DI 10.1128/JCM.00773-06 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 076UG UT WOS:000239982800021 PM 16891497 ER PT J AU Mehlmann, M Dawson, ED Townsend, MB Smagala, JA Moore, CL Smith, CB Cox, NJ Kuchta, RD Rowlen, KL AF Mehlmann, Martin Dawson, Erica D. Townsend, Michael B. Smagala, James A. Moore, Chad L. Smith, Catherine B. Cox, Nancy J. Kuchta, Robert D. Rowlen, Kathy L. TI Robust sequence selection method used to develop the FluChip diagnostic microarray for influenza virus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRIMER DESIGN; DNA MICROARRAYS; ALIGNMENT; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; CONSTRUCTION; ARRAYS; PROBES; TOOL; PCR AB DNA microarrays have proven to be powerful tools for gene expression analyses and are becoming increasingly attractive for diagnostic applications, e.g., for virus identification and subtyping. The selection of appropriate sequences for use on a microarray poses a challenge, particularly for highly mutable organisms such as influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency viruses, and hepatitis C viruses. The goal of this work was to develop an efficient method for mining large databases in order to identify regions of conservation in the influenza virus genome. From these regions of conservation, capture and label sequences capable of discriminating between different viral types and subtypes were selected. The salient features of the method were the use of phylogenetic trees for data reduction and the selection of a relatively small number of capture and label sequences capable of identifying a broad spectrum of influenza viruses. A detailed experimental evaluation of the selected sequences is described in a companion paper. The software is freely available under the General Public License at http://www.colorado.edu/chemistry/RGHP/software/. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. InDevR LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Kuchta, RD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCB215, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kuchta@colorado.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI056528, U01 AI056528-03] NR 29 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2857 EP 2862 DI 10.1128/JCM.00135-06 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 076UG UT WOS:000239982800027 PM 16891503 ER PT J AU Townsend, MB Dawson, ED Mehlmann, M Smagala, JA Dankbar, DM Moore, CL Smith, CB Cox, NJ Kuchta, RD Rowlen, KL AF Townsend, Michael B. Dawson, Erica D. Mehlmann, Martin Smagala, James A. Dankbar, Daniela M. Moore, Chad L. Smith, Catherine B. Cox, Nancy J. Kuchta, Robert D. Rowlen, Kathy L. TI Experimental evaluation of the FluChip diagnostic microarray for influenza virus surveillance SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; RAPID DETECTION; HUMAN INFECTION; RNA; HYBRIDIZATION; H9N2; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; OPTIMIZATION; PREDICTION AB Global surveillance of influenza is critical for improvements in disease management and is especially important for early detection, rapid intervention, and a possible reduction of the impact of an influenza pandemic. Enhanced surveillance requires rapid, robust, and inexpensive analytical techniques capable of providing a detailed analysis of influenza virus strains. Low-density oligonucleotide microarrays with highly multiplexed "signatures" for influenza viruses offer many of the desired characteristics. However, the high mutability of the influenza virus represents a design challenge. In order for an influenza virus microarray to be of utility, it must provide information for a wide range of viral strains and lineages. The design and characterization of an influenza microarray, the FluChip-55 microarray, for the relatively rapid identification of influenza A virus subtypes H1N1, H3N2, and H5N1 are described here. In this work, a small set of sequences was carefully selected to exhibit broad coverage for the influenza A and B viruses currently circulating in the human population as well as the avian A/H5N1 virus that has become enzootic in poultry in Southeast Asia and that has recently spread to Europe. A complete assay involving extraction and amplification of the viral RNA was developed and tested. In a blind study of 72 influenza virus isolates, RNA from a wide range of influenza A and B viruses was amplified, hybridized, labeled with a fluorophore, and imaged. The entire analysis time was less than 12 h. The combined results for two assays provided the absolutely correct types and subtypes for an average of 72% of the isolates, the correct type and partially correct subtype information for 13% of the isolates, the correct type only for 10% of the isolates, false-negative signals for 4% of the isolates, and false-positive signals for 1% of the isolates. In the overwhelming majority of cases in which incomplete subtyping was observed, the failure was due to the nucleic acid amplification step rather than limitations in the microarray. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. InDevR LLC, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Rowlen, KL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rowlen@colorado.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI056528, U01 AI056528-03] NR 39 TC 93 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2863 EP 2871 DI 10.1128/JCM.00134-06 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 076UG UT WOS:000239982800028 PM 16891504 ER PT J AU Macaraig, M Agerton, T Driver, CR Munsiff, SS Abdelwahab, J Park, J Kreiswirth, B Driscoll, J Zhao, BY AF Macaraig, Michelle Agerton, Tracy Driver, Cynthia R. Munsiff, Sonal S. Abdelwahab, Jalaa' Park, Julie Kreiswirth, Barry Driscoll, Jeffrey Zhao, Benyang TI Strain-specific differences in two large Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype clusters in isolates collected from homeless patients in New York City from 2001 to 2004 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RECOMMENDATIONS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; BACILLI; WORKERS AB We studied two large Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype clusters associated with recent outbreaks in homeless persons to determine factors associated with these tuberculosis (TB) strains. Isolates from all culture-positive TB cases diagnosed from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2004 were genotyped. Patients whose isolates had identical restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns and spoligotypes were considered clustered. Health department records were reviewed and reinterviews attempted for clustered cases. Patients with the Cs30 and BEs75 strains were compared to other genotypically clustered cases and to each other. The two largest genotype clusters among homeless persons were the Cs30 strain (n = 105) and the BEs75 strain (n = 47). Fifty-one (49%) patients with the Cs30 strain and 28 (60%) with the BEs75 strain were homeless. Compared to patients with the BEs75 strain, patients with the Cs30 strain were less likely to be respiratory acid-fast bacillus smear positive (51% versus 72%). Furthermore, patients with the BEs75 strain were more likely to be HIV infected (74% versus 42%), which suggests that most patients with this strain advanced to disease after recent infection. Cases in clusters of strains that have been circulating in the community over a long time period, such as the Cs30 strain, require additional investigation to determine whether clustering is a result of recent transmission or reactivation of remote infection. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst, Newark, NJ USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Macaraig, M (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 225 Broadway,22nd Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM mmacarai@health.nyc.gov NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 2890 EP 2896 DI 10.1128/JCM.00160-06 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 076UG UT WOS:000239982800032 PM 16891508 ER PT J AU Meumann, EM Novak, RT Gal, D Kaestli, ME Mayo, M Hanson, JP Spencer, E Glass, MB Gee, JE Wilkins, PP Currie, BJ AF Meumann, Ella M. Novak, Ryan T. Gal, Daniel Kaestli, Mirjam E. Mayo, Mark Hanson, Joshua P. Spencer, Emma Glass, Mindy B. Gee, Jay E. Wilkins, Patricia P. Currie, Bart J. TI Clinical evaluation of a type III secretion system real-time PCR assay for diagnosing melioidosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BURKHOLDERIA-PSEUDOMALLEI; SEPTICEMIC MELIOIDOSIS AB A Burkholderia pseudomallei type III secretion system real-time PCR assay was evaluated on clinical specimens in a region where melioidosis is endemic. The PCR was positive in 30/33 (91%) patients with culture-confirmed melioidosis. All six patients with melioidosis septic shock were blood PCR positive, suggesting potential for rapid diagnosis and commencement of appropriate therapy. C1 Charles Darwin Univ, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Foodborne Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Zoonot Vectorborne & Enter Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Royal Darwin Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Darwin, NT, Australia. No Terr Clin Sch, Darwin, NT, Australia. RP Currie, BJ (reprint author), Charles Darwin Univ, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, POB 41096 Casuarina, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia. EM bart@menzies.edu.au NR 10 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 8 BP 3028 EP 3030 DI 10.1128/JCM.00913-06 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 076UG UT WOS:000239982800058 PM 16891534 ER PT J AU Yee, EL Jiang, BM Kendall, RS Humphrey, C Glass, RI AF Yee, Eileen L. Jiang, Baoming Kendall, Ross S. Humphrey, Charles Glass, Roger I. TI Group C rotavirus in a pediatric kidney transplant patient with diarrhea SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE group C rotavirus; diarrhea; transplant ID BONE-MARROW-TRANSPLANTATION; ENTERITIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. E Tennessee Pediat Gastroenterol PLLC, Knoxville, TN 37909 USA. RP Jiang, BM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bjiang@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 36 IS 4 BP 306 EP 308 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.05.002 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 075BR UT WOS:000239857700011 PM 16774844 ER PT J AU Cassady, JD Higgins, C Mainzer, HM Seys, SA Sarisky, J Callahan, M Musgrave, KJ AF Cassady, Joslyn D. Higgins, Charles Mainzer, Hugh M. Seys, Scott A. Sarisky, John Callahan, Myfanwy Musgrave, Karl J. TI Beyond compliance: environmental health problem solving, interagency collaboration, and risk assessment to prevent waterborne disease outbreaks SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article AB A systems approach to environmental health problem solving was used to investigate two waterborne norovirus outbreaks in Wyoming and can serve in the development of improved prevention strategies. An interagency collaboration to prevent waterborne disease involving local, state, and federal partners was designed to coordinate response to outbreak investigations. Improved risk assessment and reporting procedures were also integrated to ensure better availability of necessary data. Public health entities should implement sustainable intersectoral interventions to prevent waterborne disease that not only improve regulatory compliance but also have a positive impact on community health outcomes. Collaborative preventive health and water system protection activities should receive priority attention for implementation in state and local jurisdictions. C1 Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY USA. Natl Pk Serv, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cassady, JD (reprint author), Drew Univ, 36 Madison Jersey, Madison, NJ 07940 USA. EM jcassady@drew.edu NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 60 IS 8 BP 672 EP 674 DI 10.1136/jech.2005.040394 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 063LC UT WOS:000239018700007 PM 16840755 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Fisher, KD Saldanha, LG Yetley, EA Coates, PM Radimer, K Bindewald, B Sharpless, KE Holden, J Andrews, K Zhao, CW Harnly, J Wolff, WR Perry, CR AF Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Fisher, KD Saldanha, LG Yetley, EA Coates, PM Radimer, K Bindewald, B Sharpless, KE Holden, J Andrews, K Zhao, CW Harnly, J Wolff, WR Perry, CR TI Progress in development of an integrated dietary supplement ingredient database at the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements SO JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT United States National Nutrient Databank Conference CY JUN 23-26, 2004 CL Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union, Iowa City, IA HO Univ, Iowa, Iowa Memorial Union DE dietary supplements; analytical substantiation; dietary supplement composition; dietary supplement ingredient database; NHANES; DSID; dietary supplement labels; certified reference materials; standard reference materials ID AMERICA-NHANES; EAT; HEALTH; FOOD AB Several activities of the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) at the National Institutes of Health involve enhancement of dietary supplement databases. These include an initiative with US Department of Agriculture to develop an analytically substantiated dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID) and collaboration with the National Center for Health Statistics to enhance the dietary supplement label database in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The many challenges that must be dealt with in developing an analytically supported DSID include categorizing product types in the database, identifying nutrients, and other components of public health interest in these products and prioritizing which will be entered in the database first. Additional tasks include developing methods and reference materials for quantifying the constituents, finding qualified laboratories to measure the constituents, developing appropriate sample handling procedures, and finally developing representative sampling plans. Developing the NHANES dietary supplement label database has other challenges such as collecting information on dietary supplement use from NHANES respondents, constant updating and refining of information obtained, developing default values that can be used if the respondent cannot supply the exact supplement or strength that was consumed, and developing a publicly available label database. Federal partners and the research community are assisting in making an analytically supported dietary supplement database a reality. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Dietary Supplement Methods & Reference Mat Progra, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USDA ARS, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. USDA ARS, Div Res & Dev, Fairfax, VA USA. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dwyerj1@od.nih.gov OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769; Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X FU NIH HHS [Y01 OD001298-01] NR 21 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0889-1575 J9 J FOOD COMPOS ANAL JI J. Food Compos. Anal. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 19 SU S BP S108 EP S114 DI 10.1016/j.jfca.2005.09.001 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 053IV UT WOS:000238299700018 PM 25309034 ER PT J AU Franka, R Constantine, DG Kuzmin, I Velasco-Villa, A Reeder, SA Streicker, D Orciari, LA Wong, AJ Blanton, JD Rupprecht, CE AF Franka, Richard Constantine, Denny G. Kuzmin, Ivan Velasco-Villa, Andres Reeder, Serena A. Streicker, Daniel Orciari, Lillian A. Wong, Anna J. Blanton, Jesse D. Rupprecht, Charles E. TI A new phylogenetic lineage of Rabies virus associated with western Pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus hesperus) SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SILVER-HAIRED BATS; LASIONYCTERIS-NOCTIVAGANS; UNITED-STATES; MATERNITY COLONIES; NORTH-AMERICA; SOUTH-DAKOTA; MEXICO; SUBSTITUTION; DIVERSITY; ROOSTS AB Bats represent the major source of human rabies cases in the New World. In the USA, most cases are associated with species that are not commonly found or reported rabid. To understand better the epidemiology and public health significance of potentially important bat species, a molecular study was performed on samples collected from naturally infected rabid western pipistrelle (Pipistrellus hesperus), eastern pipistrelle (Pipistrellus subflavus) and silver-haired bats (Lasionycteris noctivagans) from different regions of their geographical distribution in the USA. A 264 bp fragment at the 5' end of the N gene coding region was sequenced and analysed in comparison with rabies virus variants circulating within other North American mammals. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that P. hesperus bats maintain a unique rabies virus variant. Preliminary data also suggest that P. subflavus and Lasionycteris noctivagans may harbour two different rabies virus variants (Ps and Ln) that are likely to be maintained independently bat species, which recently appear to have emerged as major vectors of human disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVRD VRZB Rabies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Ecol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. RP Franka, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVRD VRZB Rabies, G33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rpf5@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 87 BP 2309 EP 2321 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81822-0 PN 8 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 071OW UT WOS:000239612500022 PM 16847127 ER PT J AU Kuzmin, IV Hughes, GJ Rupprecht, CE AF Kuzmin, I. V. Hughes, G. J. Rupprecht, C. E. TI Phylogenetic relationships of seven previously unclassified viruses within the family Rhabdoviridae using partial nucleoprotein gene sequences SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOVINE EPHEMERAL FEVER; RABIES VIRUS; ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; BAT LYSSAVIRUSES; SEROGROUP; CELL; AUSTRALIA; EVOLUTION; KOTONKAN AB Partial nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences of the rhabdoviruses Obodhiang (OBOV), Kotonkon (KOTV), Rochambeau (RBUV), Kern canyon (KCV), Mount Elgon bat (MEBV), Kolongo (KOLV) and Sandjimba (SJAV) were generated and their phylogenetic positions within the family Rhabdoviridae were determined. Both OBOV and KOTV were placed within the genus Ephemerovirus. RBUV was joined to the same cluster, but more distantly. MEBV and KCV were grouped into a monophyletic cluster (putative genus) with Oita virus (OITAV). These three viruses, originating from different regions of the world, were all isolated from insectivorous bats and may be specific for these mammals. African avian viruses KOLV and SJAV were joined to each other and formed another clade at the genus level. Further, they were grouped with the recently characterized rhabdovirus Tupaia virus (TRV). Although the genetic distance was great, the grouping was supported by consistent bootstrap values. This observation suggests that viruses of this group may be distributed widely in the Old World. Non-synonymous/synonymous substitution ratio estimations (d(N)/d(S)) using a partial N gene fragment (241 codons) for the three rhabdovirus genera revealed contrasting patterns of evolution, where d(N)/d(S) values follow the pattern Ephemerovirus > Vesiculovirus > Lyssavirus. The magnitude of this ratio corresponds well with the number of negatively selected codons. The accumulation of d(S) appears evenly distributed along the gene fragment for all three genera. These estimations demonstrated clearly that lyssaviruses are subjected to the strongest constraints against amino acid substitutions, probably related to their particular niche and unique pathobiology. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Union, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Lab Clin & Mol Virol, Edinburgh EH9 1QH, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Kuzmin, IV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Union, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ibk3@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 87 BP 2323 EP 2331 DI 10.1099/vir.0.81879-0 PN 8 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 071OW UT WOS:000239612500023 PM 16847128 ER PT J AU ter Kuile, FO Steketee, RW AF ter Kuile, Feiko O. Steketee, Richard W. TI Intermittent preventive treatment in infants - Adjusting expectations and seeing opportunity SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; ROUTINE VACCINATIONS; TANZANIAN INFANTS; MALARIA CONTROL; ANEMIA; TIME C1 PATH Europe, MACEPA, F-01210 Ferney Voltaire, France. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Steketee, RW (reprint author), PATH Europe, MACEPA, Batiment Avant Ctr,13 Chemin Levant, F-01210 Ferney Voltaire, France. EM rsteketee@path.org NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 3 BP 269 EP 272 DI 10.1086/505434 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 064WN UT WOS:000239120900001 PM 16826472 ER PT J AU Filler, SJ Kazembe, P Thigpen, M Macheso, A Parise, ME Newman, RD Steketee, RW Hamel, M AF Filler, Scott J. Kazembe, Peter Thigpen, Michael Macheso, Alan Parise, Monica E. Newman, Robert D. Steketee, Richard W. Hamel, Mary TI Randomized trial of 2-dose versus monthly sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine intermittent preventive treatment for malaria in HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women in Malawi SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RURAL MALAWI; EFFICACY; AFRICA; CHLOROQUINE; PREVALENCE; DISTRICT; BURDEN AB Background. Intermittent preventive treatment during pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine(SP) decreases placental malaria parasitemia and associated maternal anemia, premature delivery, and low birth weight. However, the optimal regimen in the setting of a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains unclear. Methods. In Malawi, where the efficacy of SP for the treatment of malaria in children is decreasing, we conducted a randomized, nonblinded study to compare the efficacy of monthly SP IPTp with a 2-dose regimen for the prevention of placental parasitemia in HIV-positive and -negative primigravid and secundigravid women. Results. Of HIV- positive women, 7.8% who received monthly SP had placental malaria, compared with 21.5% of those who received 2-dose SP (relative risk [RR], 0.36 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.17-0.79]). Of HIV- negative women, 2.3% who received monthly SP and 6.3% who received 2-dose SP had placental malaria (RR, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.11-1.19]). Less than 1% of women reported adverse drug reactions, with no increase in HIV-positive women or those who received monthly SP. Conclusions. In HIV- positive pregnant women, monthly SP IPTp is more efficacious than a 2-dose regimen in preventing placental malaria. The study also demonstrates the continued efficacy of SP for the prevention of placental malaria, even in the face of its decreasing efficacy for the treatment of malaria in children. In areas with intense transmission of falciparum malaria and a high prevalence of HIV infection, monthly SP IPTp should be adopted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Malawi Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Filler, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SFiller@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 3 BP 286 EP 293 DI 10.1086/505080 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 064WN UT WOS:000239120900004 PM 16826475 ER PT J AU Kim, CN Adams, DR Bashirian, S Butera, S Folks, TM Otten, RA AF Kim, Caryn N. Adams, Debra R. Bashirian, Sheila Butera, Sal Folks, Thomas M. Otten, Ron A. TI Repetitive exposures with simian/human immunodeficiency viruses: strategy to study HIV pre-clinical interventions in non-human primates SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual Symposium on Nonhuman Primate Models for AIDS CY SEP 21-24, 2005 CL Portland, OR SP Organ Natl Primate Res Ctr DE HIV interventions; HIV transmission; macaques; SHIV ID MUCOSAL TRANSMISSION; SHIVSF162P3; INFECTION; MACAQUES; GP120; AIDS AB Background Non-human primate models for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection represent a valuable pre-clinical tool to evaluate interventions (e.g., topical microbicides, vaccines, and chemoprophylaxis) designed to prevent transmission or slow disease progression after infection. Standard transmission models use a single-dose exposure with high, non-physiologic levels of virus to approach 100% infection rates of control animals. These single-exposure models do not represent the circumstances of mucosal HIV transmission in humans and may result in misleading data with regard to intervention efficacy. Therefore, we have developed a repetitive mucosal exposure model using doses of virus that better reflects human exposures. Methods The virus used for these evaluations was simian-human immunodeficiency virus [SHIVSF162P3 (R5-using, subtype B HIV-1 envelope)] and the virus dose used (approximately 10(5)-10(6) viral particle equivalents or approximately 10 tissue culture infectious doses per exposure) approximates viral loads observed in the semen during acute HIV-1 infection. Using the repeated mucosal exposure approach, we have evaluated a candidate vaginal microbicide (cellulose acetate phthalate, CAP) given 15 minutes prior to each weekly virus exposure. Pig-tailed macaques were exposed weekly by vaginal inoculations with and without microbicide until systemic viral RNA was detected. Results Groups of naive control monkeys were infected after an average of three to four exposures for the vaginal route of inoculation. Data from the first application of this monkey model to evaluate the topical microbicide CAP suggested that protection from SHIV infection was possible with three of four CAP-treated monkeys remaining uninfected after 12 exposures (P = 0.015). CAP efficacy was markedly improved from 66% in a previous single-dose virus exposure study to 92% in this repeated exposure system. Conclusion Our experience with using repetitive virus exposures to study topical microbicides and the findings to date from this study provides a basis to refine monkey models to more closely resemble human exposure during HIV transmission. This model may be highly relevant to pre-clinical evaluation for a variety of therapeutic interventions which is discussed here. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Lab Branch, DHAP, NCHSTP,CCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Otten, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Lab Branch, DHAP, NCHSTP,CCID, Mailstop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rxo1@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4-5 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2006.00169.x PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 063GU UT WOS:000239007300005 PM 16872284 ER PT J AU Otten, RA Adams, D Kim, C Bashirian, S Ellenberger, D Li, B Subbarao, S Ramos, A Butera, S Folks, T AF Otten, Ron A. Adams, Debbie Kim, Caryn Bashirian, Sheila Ellenberger, Dennis Li, Bin Subbarao, Shambavi Ramos, Artur Butera, Sal Folks, Tom TI Repetitive exposures with simian/human immunodeficiency viruses: Strategy to study HIV preclinical interventions in nonhuman primates SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NCHSTP,CCID, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 35 IS 4-5 MA 24 BP 280 EP 281 PG 2 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 063GU UT WOS:000239007300035 ER PT J AU Boeniger, M AF Boeniger, Mark TI A comparison of surface wipe media for sampling lead on hands SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE hand wipes; lead; sampling ID CONTAMINATION; DUST AB Hand contamination by toxic agents such as lead presents a potentially significant health hazard to workers if the contamination is transferred to the mouth by food, smoking, or touching the mouth. One method to sample the mass of contamination on hands is to wipe the skin and analyze the wipe media for the analyte. Several commercially available, prewetted wipe media were evaluated and compared. The Palintest and Wash'n Dri media are made of cellulose fiber; the Ghost wipe is made of a nonwoven polyvinyl alcohol fiber ASTM test method E1792 for surface lead sampling provides some specified minimum requirements and some general, nonspecific criteria that these media should meet. However no objective determination of the performance or characteristics of these different wiping media were found in the open literature for sampling lead on hands, particularly relating to typical collection efficiency. To test the recovery of lead oxide dust collected from two hands, two different loading levels were used for each wipe medium. Four successive wipes were collected and analyzed individually. The results of this study indicate that only about 52-62% of the total lead loading is recovered with the first wipe, but that up to 75% recovery could be obtained by combining all three successive wipes. This study also describes testing several physical aspects of these wipes that included tensile strength, wetness, and drying rate, which are characteristics that are not specified by ASTM E1792. The results indicate a higher fragility among the cellulosic wipes, less moisture content, and higher drying rates than the Ghost wipe. This information should be helpful when selecting a wipe material that is best suited for an environmental or industrial hygiene surface or skin sampling task and might also be useful for improving such media in the future. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Boeniger, M (reprint author), 8380 Jakaro Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45255 USA. EM mfboeniger@worldnet.att.net NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 3 IS 8 BP 428 EP 434 DI 10.1080/15459620600802754 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 066KG UT WOS:000239227700005 PM 16862713 ER PT J AU Gabitzsch, ES Piesman, J Dolan, MC Sykes, CM Zeidner, NS AF Gabitzsch, Elizabeth S. Piesman, Joseph Dolan, Marc C. Sykes, Christine M. Zeidner, Nordin S. TI Transfer of Borrelia burgdorferi s.s. infection via blood transfusion in a murine model SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; DONORS AB Without antibiotic treatment, the Lyme-disease-causing bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi can be cultured from the peripheral blood of human patients nearly 6 wk post-tick bite. To determine if Lyme disease spirochetes can be transmitted from a spirochetemic donor mouse to a naive recipient during blood transfusion, blood taken from immunocompetent infected mice was transfused into either immunodeficient (SCID) mice. inbred immunocompetent animals (C3H/HeJ), or outbred mice. Nine of 19 (47.7%) immunodeficient mice, 7 of 15 (46.8%) inbred immunocompetent mice, and 6 of 10 (60.0%) outbred mice became infected with B. burgdorferi after transfusion. Our results indicate that it is possible to acquire B. burgdoferi infection via transfused blood in a mouse model of Lyme borreliosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM NAZ2@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 92 IS 4 BP 869 EP 870 DI 10.1645/GE-833R.1 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 081MD UT WOS:000240320800031 PM 16995409 ER PT J AU Kiley, JP Collins, JL Frumkin, H Price, DA AF Kiley, James P. Collins, Janet L. Frumkin, Howard Price, Deborah A. TI Managing asthma in schools - What have we learned? A special issue supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NHLBI, Div Lung Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Kiley, JP (reprint author), NHLBI, Div Lung Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 76 IS 6 BP 201 EP 201 PG 1 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 081NW UT WOS:000240325300001 ER PT J AU Merkle, SL Wheeler, LS Gerald, LB Taggart, VS AF Merkle, Sarah L. Wheeler, Lani S. Gerald, Lynn B. Taggart, Virginia S. TI Introduction: Learning from each other about managing asthma in schools SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH-EDUCATION; CHILDREN; PROGRAM; COST C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Res Applicat Branch, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Alabama, Lung Hlth Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35429 USA. NHLBI, Div Lung Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Merkle, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Res Applicat Branch, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM smerkle@cdc.gov; lwheeler@cdc.gov; geraldl@uab.edu; taggartv@nhlbi.nih.gov NR 28 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 76 IS 6 BP 202 EP 204 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00096.x PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 081NW UT WOS:000240325300002 PM 16918838 ER PT J AU Petronella, SA Bricker, SK Perrotta, D Brown, C Brooks, EG AF Petronella, Sharon A. Bricker, Susan K. Perrotta, Dennis Brown, Clive Brooks, Edward G. TI Addressing asthma in Texas: Development of a school-based asthma surveillance program for Texas elementary schools SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; HEALTH; IMPACT; COST AB To address asthma in the state, in October 2000, the Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) and the American Lung Association of Texas held a joint meeting of asthma professionals from across the state, with a primary purpose of identifying major issues and potential strategies and actions to be taken. These discussions became the basis of the 2001 Texas State Asthma Plan, which has since been adopted to guide state efforts in asthma surveillance, management, education, and advocacy. The primary purpose of this project, which was conducted with and funded by the DSHS and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, has been to develop and implement an asthma surveillance program for Texas school-aged children. The program has been implemented with a sample (n = 42,409) of students from the Texas Education Agency's region IV An important goal has been to determine the feasibility of conducting school-based statewide asthma surveillance and assist with establishing a network for ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of asthma data. This project is expected to become part of a wider asthma surveillance network that will include mortality, hospital discharge, and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. It will also provide information not typically captured by surveillance programs, including the BRFSS, which rely heavily upon a previous diagnosis of asthma to determine both lifetime and current prevalence of asthma. Results from this project indicate that such reliance on a previous diagnosis may considerably underestimate the prevalence of disease-particularly in the Latina population. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Child Hlth Res Ctr, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pediat, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Petronella, SA (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Child Hlth Res Ctr, 301 Univ,Route 0366, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM spetrone@utmb.edu; bricker@dshs.state.tx.us; dennis.perrotta@dshs.state.tx.us; cmb8@cdc.gov; ebrooks@utmb.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES06676, T32 ES 07254]; PHS HHS [U59/CCU620844-02] NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 76 IS 6 BP 227 EP 234 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00102.x PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 081NW UT WOS:000240325300008 PM 16918844 ER PT J AU Nelson, BW Clark, NM Valerio, MA Houle, CR Brown, RW Brown, C AF Nelson, Belinda W. Clark, Noreen M. Valerio, Melissa A. Houle, Christy R. Brown, Randall W. Brown, Clive TI Working with a head start population with asthma: Lessons learned SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The Early Childhood Asthma Project involved asthma case identification in 35 Head Start centers in Detroit, MI, and attempted implementation of an intervention designed to help families manage a child's asthma more effectively. Surveys were distributed to the parents of all Head Start children (3408), and 2198 complete surveys were returned. Case detection found probable asthma in 30% of the children whose parent returned a sufficiently complete survey. Implementation of the intervention was unsuccessful in this setting. Obstacles to effective implementation included the sample's low participation and high attrition, limited involvement of Head Start personnel, factors related to the program approach, and the target population's beliefs about asthma. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nelson, BW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, 1420 Washington Hts, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM belindan@umich.edu; nmclark@umich.edu; mvalerio@umich.edu; choule@umich.edu; rbrown@gppa.net; cmb8@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU515775] NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 76 IS 6 BP 273 EP 275 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00111.x PG 3 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 081NW UT WOS:000240325300019 PM 16918854 ER PT J AU Wheeler, LS Merkle, SL Gerald, LB Taggart, VS AF Wheeler, Lani S. Merkle, Sarah L. Gerald, Lynn B. Taggart, Virginia S. TI Managing asthma in schools: Lessons learned and recommendations SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PROGRAM; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; EDUCATION; STUDENTS; TRIAL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Alabama, Lung Hlth Ctr, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NHLBI, Div Lung Dis, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wheeler, LS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS K12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lwheeler@cdc.gov; smerkle@cdc.gov; geraldl@uab.edu; taggartv@nhlbi.nih.gov NR 58 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 76 IS 6 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2006.00125.x PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 081NW UT WOS:000240325300033 PM 16918868 ER PT J AU Ledikwe, JH Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK Seymour, JD Tohill, BC Rolls, BJ AF Ledikwe, Jenny H. Blanck, Heidi M. Khan, Laura Kettel Serdula, Mary K. Seymour, Jennifer D. Tohill, Beth C. Rolls, Barbara J. TI Low-energy-density diets are associated with high diet quality in adults in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RURAL OLDER-ADULTS; PATTERNS; OBESITY; WEIGHT; FOOD; POPULATION; RISK AB Objective This study investigated food choices made by individuals consuming diets differing in energy density and explores relationships between energy density and diet quality. Design Cross-sectional, nationally representative survey. Subjects 7,500 adults (older than 19 years) in the 1994-1996 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals. Statistical analysis Energy density values were calculated from reported food intake. Subjects were classified as consuming a low-energy-density-diet, medium-energy-density diet, or high-energy-density diet using tertile cutoffs. For each group, the percentage consuming various foods/beverages and the mean amount of foods/beverages they consumed was determined along,with mean nutrient intakes. Results Compared with participants consuming a high-energy-density diet, those with a low-energy-density diet had a lower energy intake but consumed more food, by weight, from most food groups. A low-energy-density diet included a relatively high proportion of foods high in micronutrients and water and low in fat, such as fruits and vegetables. Subjects with a low-energy-density diet consumed fewer (nonwater) beverages such as caloric carbonated beverages. They also consumed less fat and had higher intakes of several important micronutrients, including vitamins A, C, and B-6, folate, iron, calcium, and potassium. Conclusions These analyses further demonstrate the beneficial effects of a low-energy-density diet, which was associated with lower energy intakes, higher food intakes, and higher diet quality than a high-energy-density diet. To achieve a low-energy-density diet, individuals should be encouraged to eat a variety of fruits and vegetables as well as low-fat/reduced-fat, nutrient-dense, and/or water-rich grains, dairy products, and meats/meat alternatives. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Publ Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ledikwe, JH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, 226 Henderson Bldg, State Coll, PA 16802 USA. EM mvh111@psu.edu OI Ledikwe, Jenny/0000-0001-8658-2993 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R01DK059853, R37DK039117] NR 20 TC 109 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 106 IS 8 BP 1172 EP 1180 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2006.05.013 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 068YV UT WOS:000239412200007 PM 16863711 ER PT J AU Ross, LE Stroud, LA Rose, SW Jorgensen, CM AF Ross, Louie E. Stroud, Leonardo A. Rose, Shyanika W. Jorgensen, Cynthia M. TI Using telephone focus groups methodology to examine the prostate cancer screening practices of African-American primary care physicians SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; screening; focus groups; African Americans AB African-American men have a greater burden from prostate cancer than do white men and men of other races/ethnicities in the United States. To date, there have been no studies of how African-American primary care physicians screen their patients for prostate cancer. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of telephone focus groups as a methodology and to learn about this practice among a group of African-American primary care physicians. A total of 41. physicians participated in eight telephone focus groups. Results from the study are found in a separate article. Regarding telephone focus group methodology, we found that a majority of the physicians in this study preferred telephone focus groups over the conventional face-to-face focus groups. We also discuss some of the advantages (e.g., no travel, high acceptance rates, more flexibility than in-person groups, and general cost efficiency) as well as disadvantages (e.g., nonverbal communication limits and reduction of group interaction) of this methodology. This methodology may prove useful in studies involving African-American physicians, physicians in general and other difficult-to-reach healthcare professionals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Durham, NC USA. RP Ross, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770Buford Highway NE,MS K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lor3@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 98 IS 8 BP 1296 EP 1299 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 070UG UT WOS:000239549800007 PM 16916127 ER PT J AU Switzer, WM Qari, SH Wolfe, ND Burke, DS Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Switzer, William M. Qari, Shoukat H. Wolfe, Nathan D. Burke, Donald S. Folks, Thomas M. Heneine, Walid TI Ancient origin and molecular features of the novel human T-lymphotropic virus type 3 revealed by complete genome analysis SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENCE IN-VIVO; HTLV-I; CERCOCEBUS-TORQUATUS; TAX ONCOPROTEIN; PAPIO-HAMADRYAS; BINDING MOTIF; PAN-PANISCUS; PDZ DOMAIN; SEQUENCE; EVOLUTION AB Human T-lymphotropic virus type 3 (HTLV-3) is a new virus recently identified in two primate hunters in Central Africa. Limited sequence analysis shows that HTLV-3 is distinct from HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 but is genetically similar to simian T-lymphotropic virus type 3 (STLV-3). We report here the first complete HTLV-3 sequence obtained by PCR-based genome walking using uncultured peripheral blood lymphocytes from an HTLV-3-infected person. The HTLV-3(2026ND) genome is 8,917 bp long and is genetically equidistant from HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, sharing about 62% identity. Phylogenetic analysis of all gene regions confirms this relationship and shows that HTLV-3 falls within the diversity of STLV-3, suggesting a primate origin. However, HTLV-3 (2026ND) is unique, sharing only 87% to 92% sequence identity with STLV-3. SimPlot and phylogenetic analysis did not reveal any evidence of genetic recombination with either HTLV-1, HTLV-2, or STLV-3. Molecular dating estimates that the ancestor of HTLV-3 is as old as HTLV-1 and HTLV-2, with an inferred divergence time of 36,087 to 54,067 years ago. HTLV-3 has a prototypic genomic structure, with all enzymatic, regulatory, and structural proteins preserved. Like STLV-3, HTLV-3 is missing a third 21-bp transcription element found in the long terminal repeats of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 but instead contains a unique activator protein-1 transcription factor upstream of the 21-bp repeat elements. A PDZ motif, like that in HTLV-1, which is important for cellular signal transduction and transformation, is present in the C terminus of the HTLV-3 Tax protein. A basic leucine zipper region located in the antisense strand of HTLV-1, believed to play a role in viral replication and oncogenesis, was also found in the complementary strand of HTLV-3. The ancient origin of HTLV-3, the broad distribution of STLV-3 in Africa, and the propensity of STLVs to cross species into humans all suggest that HTLV-3 may be prevalent and support the need for expanded surveillance for this virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bis3@cdc.gov OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU FIC NIH HHS [K01 TW 00003-01, K01 TW000003]; NIH HHS [DP1 OD 000370, DP1 OD000370] NR 47 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 80 IS 15 BP 7427 EP 7438 DI 10.1128/JVI.00690-06 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 065VX UT WOS:000239189100015 PM 16840323 ER PT J AU Reid, A Scano, F Getahun, H Williams, B Dye, C Nunn, P De Cock, KM Hankins, C Miller, B Castro, KG Raviglione, MC AF Reid, Alasdair Scano, Fabio Getahun, Haileyesus Williams, Brian Dye, Christopher Nunn, Paul De Cock, Kevin M. Hankins, Catherine Miller, Bess Castro, Kenneth G. Raviglione, Mario C. TI Towards universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support: the role of tuberculosis/HIV collaboration SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; COTE-DIVOIRE; INFECTED PERSONS AB Tuberculosis is the oldest of the world's current pandemics and causes 8.9 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths annually. The disease is among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV, However, tuberculosis is more than just part of the global HIV problem; well-resourced tuberculosis programmes are an important part of the solution to scaling-up towards universal access to comprehensive HIV prevention, diagnosis, care, and support. This article reviews the impact of the interactions between tuberculosis and HIV in resource-limited settings; outlines the recommended programmatic and clinical responses to the dual epidemics, highlighting the role of tuberculosis/HIV collaboration in increasing access to prevention, diagnostic, and treatment services; and reviews progress in the global response to the epidemic of HIV-related tuberculosis. C1 WHO, Stop TB Dept, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. WHO, HIV Dept, Geneva, Switzerland. UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Raviglione, MC (reprint author), WHO, Stop TB Dept, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. EM raviglionem@who.int OI Hankins, Catherine/0000-0002-1642-8592 NR 162 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 6 IS 8 BP 483 EP 495 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70549-7 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 067ZM UT WOS:000239341300020 PM 16870527 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG Bruden, D McMahon, BJ Christensen, C Homan, C Sullivan, D Deubner, H Hennessy, T Williams, J Livingston, S Gretch, D AF Bruce, MG Bruden, D McMahon, BJ Christensen, C Homan, C Sullivan, D Deubner, H Hennessy, T Williams, J Livingston, S Gretch, D TI Hepatitis C infection in Alaska Natives with persistently normal, persistently elevated or fluctuating alanine aminotransferase levels SO LIVER INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE fibrosis; gender; genotype; hepatitis; PNALT; risk factors ID TRANSAMINASE LEVELS; VIRUS CARRIERS; VIROLOGICAL FEATURES; LIVER-BIOPSY; ALT LEVELS; DISEASE; PROGRESSION; DEFINITION; HISTOLOGY; STATES AB Background/Aims: An estimated one-third of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have persistently normal alanine transaminase (PNALT); however, in many previous studies alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were followed for <= 12 months. Methods: We analyzed data from a population-based cohort of 935 Alaska Natives with HCV, recruited from 1994 to 2005, to determine the proportion of persons with PNALT, persistently elevated ALT (PEALT), and fluctuating ALT (FLUXALT) to determine factors for each ALT state. We selected persons with two positive HCV RNA results >= 1 year apart and >= 6 ALT levels measured over the subsequent 3 years with at least 1 month between ALT measurements (n=265). We defined a person as having PNALT, PEALT, or FLUXALT when all six ALT levels were normal, elevated, or did not fit either of the above two categories, respectively, during the 3-year follow-up period. Results: Among 208 persistently HCV RNA-positive persons, 13 had PNALT, 121 PEALT, 74 FLUXALT. Among 77 persons who underwent liver biopsy, those with PEALT were more likely to have Ishak fibrosis scores > 2 compared with persons with FLUXALT (44% vs. 10%, OR 7.0, 95% CI: 1.5-33.2). No statistically significant differences were found in ALT classification by age, gender, infection duration, median body mass index, alcohol consumption, residence, risk behavior, RNA level, or genotype. Conclusions: Only 6% of persons with chronic HCV had PNALT. Persons with PEALT were significantly more likely to have higher fibrosis scores on liver biopsy than those with FLUXALT. Previous studies with short follow-up periods may have overestimated the proportion of persons with normal ALT levels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM zwa8@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [A48214] NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-3223 J9 LIVER INT JI Liver Int. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 26 IS 6 BP 643 EP 649 DI 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2006.01281.x PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 057UQ UT WOS:000238621100003 PM 16842319 ER PT J AU Chowdhary, A Lee-Yang, W Lasker, BA Brandt, ME Warnock, DW Arthington-Skaggs, BA AF Chowdhary, Anuradha Lee-Yang, Wendy Lasker, Brent A. Brandt, Mary E. Warnock, David W. Arthington-Skaggs, Beth A. TI Comparison of multilocus sequence typing and Ca3 fingerprinting for molecular subtyping epidemiologically-related clinical isolates of Candida albicans SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Candida albicans; Ca3 fingerprinting; MLST; molecular epidemiology; molecular subtyping ID FLUCYTOSINE RESISTANCE; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; STRAINS; MICROEVOLUTION; POPULATIONS; DIVERSITY; VAGINITIS; CLADE; C1 AB Southern hybridization with the complex probe Ca3 is a well established tool for molecular subtyping of Candida albicans. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a DNA sequence-based subtyping method recently applied to C. albicans and shown to have a high degree of intraspecies discriminatory power. However, its utility for studying the molecular epidemiology of sequential isolates from recurrent disease has not been established. We compared Ca3 Southern hybridization and MLST using seven housekeeping genes (CaAAT1a, CaACC1, CaADP1, CaPMI, CaSYA1, CaVPS13, CaZWF1b) for their ability to discriminate among 37 C. albicans isolates from recurrent cases of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in ten HIV-positive patients from India and the US. Among the 37 isolates, MLST identified 23 distinct genotypes (index of diversity = 97%); Ca-3 Southern hybridization identified 21 distinct genotypes (index of diversity = 95%). Both methods clustered isolates into seven genetically-related groups and, with one exception, isolates that were indistinguishable by MLST were indistinguishable or highly related by Ca3 Southern hybridization. These results demonstrate that MLST performs equally well or better compared to Ca3 Southern hybridization for defining genetic-relatedness of sequential C. albicans isolates from recurrent cases of OPC in HIV-positive patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Delhi, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Inst, Delhi 110007, India. RP Arthington-Skaggs, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM BSkaggs@cdc.gov RI khan, raja/B-5726-2012; pasuvalingam, visha/B-5717-2012; OI Chowdhary, Anuradha/0000-0002-2028-7462 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 44 IS 5 BP 405 EP 417 DI 10.1080/13693780600612230 PG 13 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 083YF UT WOS:000240494500003 PM 16882607 ER PT J AU Mehta, PK Karls, RK White, EH Ades, EW Quinn, FD AF Mehta, Parmod K. Karls, Russell K. White, Elizabeth H. Ades, Edwin W. Quinn, Frederick D. TI Entry and intracellular replication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in cultured human microvascular endothelial cells SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE M. tuberculosis; pathogenesis; endothelium ID CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE INFECTION; NF-KAPPA-B; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RISK-FACTORS; PATHOGENESIS; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; ASSOCIATION; MACROPHAGES AB Establishment of pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection requires evasion of host innate defenses. In the lung alveoli, epithelial cells naturally resist uptake by the inhaled bacilli while macrophages patrol the epithelial surface and phagocytose foreign microbes. Alveolar microvascular endothelial cells, however, have not been examined as a potential point of direct interaction with the bacilli. It has been shown with other bacterial and viral lung pathogens that the lung endothelial cells are not only a point of interaction, but a source for intracellular replication and chronic infection by the pathogen. To investigate if endothelial cells are susceptible to M. tuberculosis infection, we examined attachment, internalization, and intracellular replication of M. tuberculosis bacilli in an immortalized human lung microvascular endothelial cell line (HULEC). By 6 h post-infection, 12% of infecting bacilli were associated with the HULEC monolayer cells. This was twice the association observed following a similar infection with cells from a human foreskin microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). As measured by survival after the addition of a high extracellular concentration of the aminoglycoside amikacin, approximately one-third of the associated bacilli were internalized and unavailable to the drug in both cell lines. Using electron microscopy, large numbers of bacilli were visible in the vacuoles of HULEC cells after 48 h post-infection; the presence of bacterial septa between adjacent mycobacteria suggests intracellular replication. These in vitro findings support the hypothesis that lung endothelial cells have the potential to participate in in vivo lung infections. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quinn, FD (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM fquinn@vet.uga.edu RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009 NR 27 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD AUG-SEP PY 2006 VL 41 IS 2-3 BP 119 EP 124 DI 10.1016/j.micpath.2006.05.002 PG 6 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 082EP UT WOS:000240369800008 PM 16860530 ER PT J AU Richardson, LC Benard, VB AF Richardson, Lisa C. Benard, Vicki B. TI Can high-grade cervical lesions be managed in a single clinic visit? SO NATURE CLINICAL PRACTICE ONCOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE cervical cancer; low-resource; Papanicolaou test; prevention; screening ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; FOLLOW-UP; CANCER C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Richardson, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lfr8@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1743-4254 J9 NAT CLIN PRACT ONCOL JI Nat. Clin. Pract. Oncol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 3 IS 8 BP 420 EP 421 DI 10.1038/ncponc0563 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 067ZK UT WOS:000239341100005 PM 16894384 ER PT J AU Volkova, N McClellan, W Soucie, JM Schoolwerth, A AF Volkova, Nataliya McClellan, William Soucie, J. Michael Schoolwerth, Anton TI Racial disparities in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease among incident end-stage renal disease patients SO NEPHROLOGY DIALYSIS TRANSPLANTATION LA English DT Article DE coronary heart disease; end-stage renal disease; heart failure; race ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTOR; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; MORTALITY RISK AB Background. Prevalence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) is higher among blacks as compared with whites in general population. This study describes unexpected racial differences in the prevalence of CHD and HF among incident dialysis patients, with whites being at a disadvantage. Methods. Data were obtained from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 2728 form for incident dialysis patients in Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina in 1995-2003. The CHD and HF prevalence between races were compared using adjusted odds ratios (ORs). The potential for case ascertainment bias was assessed. Results. Compared with whites (n = 23 951), black patients (n = 32 642) had lower prevalence of CHD (15.7 vs 31.2%) and HF (28.1 vs 34.1%). After controlling for age, gender, diabetes, hypertension and smoking, the association of race with CHD varied by gender and diabetes status: OR ranged from 0.36 (0.34-0.39) for non-diabetic males to 0.57 (0.53-0.61) for diabetic females. Racial differences were not fully explained by case ascertainment bias. The race-HF association varied by age, gender and diabetes: among patients aged < 55, blacks tended to have higher prevalence than whites (OR ranged from 0.99 (0.90-1.09) for diabetic males to 1.25 (1.13-1.39) for non-diabetic females), but among those aged above 55, blacks were less likely to HF (OR ranged from 0.62 (0.58-0.67) for diabetic males to 0.79 (0.73-0.85) for non-diabetic females). Conclusions. Substantial racial disparities exist in CHD/HF prevalence among incident dialysis patients that persist after controlling for confounders and cannot be fully explained by disease misclassification. C1 Emory Clin, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. End Stage Renal Dis Network 6, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dartmouth Med Sch, Sect Hypertens Nephrol, Hanover, NH 03756 USA. RP Volkova, N (reprint author), Emory Clin, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM nvolkov@sph.emory.edu NR 38 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0931-0509 J9 NEPHROL DIAL TRANSPL JI Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 21 IS 8 BP 2202 EP 2209 DI 10.1093/ndt/gfl078 PG 8 WC Transplantation; Urology & Nephrology SC Transplantation; Urology & Nephrology GA 075SW UT WOS:000239906500026 PM 16522661 ER PT J AU Capuron, L Welberg, L Heim, C Wagner, D Solomon, L Papanicolaou, DA Craddock, RC Miller, AH Reeves, WC AF Capuron, Lucile Welberg, Leonie Heim, Christine Wagner, Dieter Solomon, Laura Papanicolaou, Dimitris A. Craddock, R. Cameron Miller, Andrew H. Reeves, William C. TI Cognitive dysfunction relates to subjective report of mental fatigue in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome SO NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic fatigue syndrome; cognition; mental fatigue; working memory; CANTAB ID FRONTAL-LOBE DYSFUNCTION; WORKING-MEMORY DEFICITS; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; AMYGDALO-HIPPOCAMPECTOMY; PHYSICAL FATIGUE; PERFORMANCE; ATTENTION; DEFINITION; IMPAIRMENT; DISABILITY AB Patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) frequently complain of cognitive dysfunction. However, evidence of cognitive impairment in CFS patients has been found in some, but not other, studies. This heterogeneity in findings may stem from the relative presence of mental fatigue in the patient populations examined. The present study assessed this possibility in a population-based sample of CFS patients. In all, 43 patients with CFS defined by the criteria of the 1994 research case definition using measurements recommended by the 2003 International CFS Study Croup, and 53 age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-matched nonfatigued subjects were included in the study. Mental fatigue was assessed using the mental fatigue subscale of the multidimensional fatigue inventory. Cognitive function was evaluated using an automated battery of computerized tests (Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (CANTAB)) that assessed psychomotor function, planning and problem-solving abilities, and memory and attentional performance. CFS patients with significant complaints of mental fatigue (score of mental fatigue 2 standard deviations above the mean of nonfatigued subjects) exhibited significant impairment in the spatial working memory and sustained attention (rapid visual information processing) tasks when compared to CFS patients with low complaints of mental fatigue and nonfatigued subjects. In CFS patients with significant mental fatigue, sustained attention performance was impaired only in the final stages of the test, indicating greater cognitive fatigability in these patients. CFS patients with low mental fatigue displayed performance comparable to nonfatigued subjects on all tests of the CANTAB battery. These findings show strong concordance between subjective complaints of mental fatigue and objective measurement of cognitive impairment in CFS patients and suggest that mental fatigue is an important component of CFS-related cognitive dysfunction. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wcrl@cdc.gov RI Heim, Christine/A-1183-2009; OI Craddock, Cameron/0000-0002-4950-1303 NR 33 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0893-133X J9 NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOL JI Neuropsychopharmacology PD AUG PY 2006 VL 31 IS 8 BP 1777 EP 1784 DI 10.1038/sj.npp.1301005 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Psychiatry GA 067ZL UT WOS:000239341200022 PM 16395303 ER PT J AU Irwin, K Montano, D Kasprzyk, D Carlin, L Freeman, C Barnes, R Jain, N Christian, J Wolters, C AF Irwin, Kathleen Montano, Daniel Kasprzyk, Danuta Carlin, Linda Freeman, Crystal Barnes, Rheta Jain, Nidhi Christian, Jeanine Wolters, Charles TI Cervical cancer screening, abnormal cytology management, and counseling practices in the United States SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; WOMEN; NEOPLASIA; GYNECOLOGISTS; IMPACT; DNA; US AB OBJECTIVE: We assessed clinician knowledge and practices since the marketing of tests for sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV) and the release of HPV testing guidelines for two indications: 1) as an adjunct to cytologic screening and 2) to guide colposcopic triage of patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) cytology results. METHODS: In mid-2004, we surveyed nationally representative, random samples of clinicians practicing specialties that provide cytologic screening. Mail surveys addressed HPV-related knowledge, screening, abnormal cytology management, HPV testing, and counseling practices. RESULTS: The overall adjusted response rate was 82%. Of the 2,980 (89%) clinicians providing cytologic screening, 99% knew that HPV infection increases cervical cancer risk, and 91% were aware of HPV tests. Of the 21% who reported ever using HPV tests as an adjunct to cytology, more reported usually testing patients aged less than 30 years (which guidelines do not recommend) than older patients (which guidelines do recommend). Of the 63% of clinicians who ever ordered HPV tests for abnormal cytology results, 84% usually ordered tests for ASC-US results and preferentially advised colposcopy if HPV tests were positive, as guidelines recommend. However, more than 60% usually ordered HPV tests for higher-grade abnormalities, which is not recommended for colposcopy triage. Although few sought HPV test consent, most discussed sexually transmitted HPV with patients with abnormal cytology or positive HPV tests despite potentially negative psychosocial consequences. CONCLUSION: New HPV tests and testing guidelines have transformed screening, abnormal cytology management, and counseling practices. Although many U.S. clinicians reported using HPV tests according to guidelines, many also reported inappropriate use. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res, Seattle, WA USA. Battelle Ctr Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. RP Irwin, K (reprint author), 207 Chemin Poussin, F-01280 Prevessin Moens, France. EM katyirwin@yahoo.com NR 29 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 108 IS 2 BP 397 EP 409 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000230258.07737.fa PG 13 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 171XO UT WOS:000246768900023 PM 16880312 ER PT J AU Alves, M Xiao, LH Antunes, F Matos, O AF Alves, Margarida Xiao, Lihua Antunes, Francisco Matos, Olga TI Distribution of Cryptosporidium subtypes in humans and domestic and wild ruminants in Portugal SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; PARVUM; CHILDREN; WATER; HIV; DIVERSITY; CATTLE; RFLP; SPP. AB To investigate the transmission of cryptosporidiosis in Portugal, Cryptosporidium hominis and Cryptosporidium parvum from HIV-infected patients, cattle, and wild ruminants were characterized by sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (GP60) gene. Fourteen subtypes within nine subtype families were identified, and three of the subtype families (If, IIb, and IId) were restricted or largely limited to Portugal. Parasites from cattle from various regions in Portugal and wild ruminants in Lisbon showed limited genetic heterogeneity (only two subtype families). All wild ruminants had the same subtype, which was also the predominant subtype in cattle all over Portugal and was found in nine HIV-infected patients in Lisbon. Two other C. parvum subtypes were only restricted to limited locations. In contrast, human parasites displayed 13 subtypes in nine subtype families, with most of the infections caused by parasites in Ib, IIa, IIc, and IId families. Two of the C. parvum subtype families (IIc and IIb) had only been found in humans. The high overall parasite diversity and high percentage of C. hominis infections attributable to Ib and C. parvum infections to IId represent unique characteristics of Cryptosporidium transmission in humans in Portugal. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas, VIH & Outras Protozooses, Unidade Parasitol & Microbiol Med,Inst Hyg & Med, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Lisbon, Fac Med, Hosp Santa Maria, Clin Univ Doencas Infecc, P-1600 Lisbon, Portugal. RP Matos, O (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas, VIH & Outras Protozooses, Unidade Parasitol & Microbiol Med,Inst Hyg & Med, Rua Junqueira,96, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. EM omatos@ihmt.unl.pt RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; MATOS, OLGA/0000-0001-5793-7716; Antunes, Francisco/0000-0001-7932-1154; Alves, Margarida/0000-0001-9912-772X NR 22 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 99 IS 3 BP 287 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0164-5 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 061CG UT WOS:000238848200011 PM 16552512 ER PT J AU Patel, MM Schier, JG Belson, MG AF Patel, Manish M. Schier, Joshua G. Belson, Martin G. TI Recognition of illness associated with covert chemical releases SO PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE LA English DT Review DE covert; chemical terrorism; poisoning; public health; poison control centers ID LEAD ENCEPHALOPATHY; POISON CENTER; OUTBREAK; TERRORISM; SYSTEM; FOOD; METHEMOGLOBINEMIA; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; ADULTS AB Public health threats from intentional releases of chemicals into the environment (ie, chemical terrorism) are an increasing concern in the United States. Recent situations of deliberate contamination of food and beverages with chemicals highlight the need for health care providers and public health officials to be alert for adult and pediatric patients in their communities who have signs and symptoms consistent with chemical exposures. In an effort to increase knowledge of surveillance and preparedness for illness related to potential chemical releases, we provide guidance to health care providers and public health personnel for recognizing illnesses or patterns of illnesses that might be associated with the intentional, covert release of chemical agents. In this article, we will discuss 5 examples of outbreaks of illnesses after a covert chemical release, obstacles to recognition of these illnesses, clues (ie, epidemiological patterns and syndromic presentations) that might enhance the recognition of illnesses from a covert chemical release, and public health strategies to enhance the rapid identification of a chemical terrorism event. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Belson, MG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, MS F-46,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbelson@cdc.gov RI Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013 NR 61 TC 1 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0749-5161 J9 PEDIATR EMERG CARE JI Pediatr. Emerg. Care PD AUG PY 2006 VL 22 IS 8 BP 592 EP 601 DI 10.1097/01.pec.0000230710.04517.22 PG 10 WC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics SC Emergency Medicine; Pediatrics GA 076BJ UT WOS:000239931700013 PM 16912631 ER PT J AU Hvidtjorn, D Grove, J Schendel, DE Vaeth, M Ernst, E Nielsen, LF Thorsen, P AF Hvidtjorn, Dorte Grove, Jakob Schendel, Diana E. Vaeth, Michael Ernst, Erik Nielsen, Lene F. Thorsen, Poul TI Cerebral palsy among children born after in vitro fertilization: The role of preterm delivery - A population-based, cohort study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE in vitro fertilization; cerebral palsy; preterm ID ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; SINGLE EMBRYO-TRANSFER; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE; VANISHING TWIN; RISK; IVF/ICSI; PREGNANCIES; CONCEPTION; REGISTER AB OBJECTIVE. Our aim was to assess the incidence of cerebral palsy among children conceived with in vitro fertilization and children conceived without in vitro fertilization. METHODS. A population-based, cohort study, including all live-born singletons and twins born in Denmark between January 1, 1995, and December 31, 2000, was performed. Children conceived with in vitro fertilization ( 9255 children) were identified through the In Vitro Fertilization Register; children conceived without in vitro fertilization ( 394 713) were identified through the Danish Medical Birth Register. Cerebral palsy diagnoses were obtained from the National Register of Hospital Discharges. The main outcome measure was the incidence of cerebral palsy in the in vitro fertilization and non-in vitro fertilization groups. RESULTS. Children born after in vitro fertilization had an increased risk of cerebral palsy; these results were largely unchanged after adjustment for maternal age, gender, parity, small-for-gestational age status, and educational level. The independent effect of in vitro fertilization vanished after additional adjustment for multiplicity or preterm delivery. When both multiplicity and preterm delivery were included in the multivariate models, preterm delivery remained associated strongly with the risk of cerebral palsy. CONCLUSIONS. The large proportions of preterm deliveries with in vitro fertilization, primarily for twins but also for singletons, pose an increased risk of cerebral palsy. C1 Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, N Atlantic Neuroepidemiol Alliances, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, Dept Biostat, Inst Publ Hlth, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Fertil Sect, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP Hvidtjorn, D (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol, N Atlantic Neuroepidemiol Alliances, Paludan Mullers Vej 17, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM dh@soci.au.dk OI Grove, Jakob/0000-0003-2284-5744 NR 36 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP 475 EP 482 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2585 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 069IW UT WOS:000239440600006 PM 16882798 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Hadler, JL Arnold, KE Martell-Cleary, P Reingold, A Schuchat, A AF Schrag, Stephanie J. Hadler, James L. Arnold, Kathryn E. Martell-Cleary, Patricia Reingold, Arthur Schuchat, Anne TI Risk factors for invasive, early-onset Escherichia coli infections in the era of widespread intrapartum antibiotic use SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE neonate; perinatal infection; ampicillin; preterm delivery; chemoprophylaxis; sepsis ID B-STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; NEONATAL SEPSIS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; TRACT INFECTION; PRETERM BIRTH; PREVENTION; PROPHYLAXIS; TRENDS; OPPORTUNITIES AB OBJECTIVE. The goal was to evaluate risk factors for invasive Escherichia coli infections in the first week of life ( early onset), focusing on the role of intrapartum antibiotic use. METHODS. We conducted a retrospective case-control study. Between 1997 and 2001, case infants, defined as infants < 7 days of age with E coli isolated from blood or cerebrospinal fluid, were identified in selected counties of California, Georgia, and Connecticut by the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance/Emerging Infections Program Network. Control infants (N = 1212) were identified from a labor and delivery record review of a stratified random sample of live births at the same hospitals in 1998 and 1999. RESULTS. Surveillance identified 132 E coli cases, including 68 ampicillin- resistant cases. The case fatality rate was 16% ( 21 of 132 cases). Two thirds of case infants were preterm, and 49% ( 64 of 132 infants) were born at <= 33 weeks of gestation. Fifty-three percent of case mothers ( 70 of 132 mothers) received intrapartum antibiotic therapy; 70% of those received ampicillin or penicillin. Low gestational age (<= 33 weeks), intrapartum fever, and membrane rupture of >= 18 hours were associated with increased odds of early-onset E coli infection. Results were similar when case subjects were limited to those infected with ampicillin- resistant strains. Exposure to any intrapartum antibiotic treatment, beta-lactam antibiotic treatment, or >= 4 hours of intrapartum antibiotic therapy was associated with increased odds of E coli infection and ampicillin- resistant infection in univariate analyses. Among preterm infants, intrapartum antibiotic exposure did not remain associated with either outcome in multivariable models. Among term infants, exposure to >= 4 hours of intrapartum antibiotic therapy was associated with decreased odds of early-onset E coli infection. CONCLUSIONS. Exposure to intrapartum antibiotic therapy did not increase the odds of invasive, early-onset E coli infection. Intrapartum antibiotic therapy was effective in preventing E coli infection only among term infants. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sschrag@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 56 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP 570 EP 576 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-3083 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 069IW UT WOS:000239440600017 PM 16882809 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Ross, DS AF Grosse, Scott D. Ross, Danielle S. TI Cost savings from universal newborn hearing screening SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID IMPAIRMENT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU Medical Research Council [G0501681] NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP 844 EP 845 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-1146 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 069IW UT WOS:000239440600064 PM 16882853 ER PT J AU Brown, MJ Willis, T Omalu, B Leiker, R AF Brown, Mary Jean Willis, Teresa Omalu, Bennet Leiker, Richard TI Deaths resulting from hypocalcemia after administration of edetate disodium: 2003-2005 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hypocalcemia; lead poisoning; medication error ID LEAD; CHILDREN AB From 2003 to 2005, deaths of 3 individuals as a result of cardiac arrest caused by hypocalcemia during chelation therapy were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Two were children, both of whom were treated with edetate disodium. At the time of this writing, the adult case was still under investigation. No previous cases of death resulting from hypocalcemia during chelation have been reported. From our experience and review of the literature, we suggest that health care providers who are unfamiliar with chelation consult an expert before undertaking treatment and that hospital formularies evaluate whether stocking edetate disodium is necessary, given the risk for hypocalcemia and the availability of less toxic alternatives. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Blood Lead Surveillance Grp, Austin, TX USA. Allegheny Cty Med Examiners Off, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Oregon State Publ Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, Portland, OR USA. RP Brown, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS-F40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mjb5@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP E534 EP E536 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0858 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 069IW UT WOS:000239440600114 PM 16882789 ER PT J AU Freed, GL Cowan, AE Clark, SJ Santoli, J Bradley, J AF Freed, Gary L. Cowan, Anne E. Clark, Sarah J. Santoli, Jeanne Bradley, Joel TI Use of a new combined vaccine in pediatric practices SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE vaccine; Pediarix; combined; immunization utilization ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; COMBINATION VACCINES; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; IMPACT; RATES AB OBJECTIVE. On December 13, 2002, Pediarix, a combination vaccine that contains diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis; hepatitis B; and inactivated polio vaccines, was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the primary immunization series. Use of this vaccine decreases the number of injections that children receive when completing their primary immunization series at the 2-, 4-, and 6-month well-child visits. The objective of this study was to determine the factors that influence the use of this combined vaccine in private pediatric practices, with particular attention to the perceived economic impact of Pediarix and actions taken to address this impact within the private pediatric setting. METHODS. A mail survey study was conducted of a random sample of 565 practicing pediatricians that was obtained from the American Medical Association Masterfile. Frequency distributions were developed for all responses, and the vaccine financing policies of the state of practice for each respondent were determined. chi(2) analysis was performed to assess any associations of the predictor variables with the outcome variables of interest, use or consideration of use of the Pediarix vaccine. Logistic regression was used to determine the independent association of the predictor variables with use or consideration of use of Pediarix. Regression models that did and did not include practice ownership as a predictor variable were developed. RESULTS. Response rate was 63%(N = 355). A total of 39% (n = 123) of the respondents' practices were purchasing Pediarix for use with their private patients. An additional 18% (n = 55) were considering purchasing the vaccine. Those who were in practices that were owned by hospitals or health systems were more likely than those who were in solo or group practices to purchase Pediarix for their private patients. Approximately half of the remaining respondents order Pediarix through their state immunization program. Among the 52% of respondents who did not, 23% reported that the vaccine was not yet available through their state program, and 47% stated that they did not want to use different vaccines for their public and private patients. Only 11% believed that Pediarix was not compatible with their other vaccine products. Physicians that currently were purchasing or considering purchasing Pediarix were more likely to be influenced by both parental and provider desire to decrease the number of injections at a single visit and the reduced time for immunization delivery. Fewer than 1% of respondents reported either having experienced or expecting to experience a significant decrease in practice revenue as a result of the use of Pediarix. CONCLUSIONS. Although use of the vaccine results in fewer administration fees for most physicians, the magnitude of the change seemed not to be significant for the majority of respondents or was outweighed by other factors. It also is possible that larger practices or buying cooperatives were able to negotiate discounted rates for Pediarix relative to the constituent products. This may have been a strategy of manufacturers and/or distributors to provide incentive for practices to switch to the combination product. Of note was the appreciation of respondents for the preferences of patients for fewer vaccines and, to a lesser degree, for the decrease in office staff time required to provide vaccination with multiple antigens when using Pediarix. Also, the role of the availability of a given vaccine through the Vaccines for Children program is important in its adoption into practice. C1 Univ Michigan, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Premier Med Grp, Nashville, TN USA. RP Freed, GL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, 300 N Ingalls,Bldg 6E08, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gfreed@med.umich.edu NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP E251 EP E257 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0114 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 069IW UT WOS:000239440600078 PM 16831895 ER PT J AU Singleton, R Hammitt, L Hennessy, T Bulkow, L DeByle, C Parkinson, A Cottle, TE Peters, H Butler, JC AF Singleton, Rosalyn Hammitt, Laura Hennessy, Thomas Bulkow, Lisa DeByle, Carolynn Parkinson, Alan Cottle, Tammy E. Peters, Helen Butler, Jay C. TI The Alaska Haemophilus influenzae type b experience: Lessons in controlling a vaccine-preventable diseaseD SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae type b; vaccine; Alaska Native children ID PROTEIN CONJUGATE VACCINE; HIGH-RISK; OROPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; INVASIVE DISEASE; NATIVE INFANTS; UNITED-STATES; A DISEASE; CHILDREN; POPULATION; IMMUNOGENICITY AB OBJECTIVE. Before 1991, Alaska Native children experienced one of the highest rates of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease. H influenzae type b vaccine has led to a near-elimination of invasive H influenzae type b disease in the United States. We describe challenges encountered in controlling H influenzae type b disease in Alaska and update the current status of H influenzae disease and carriage in Alaska as lessons to other populations. PATIENTS AND METHODS. We reviewed data from statewide H influenzae disease surveillance conducted during 1980-2004. Vaccine coverage data were based on audits from tribal facilities and the National Immunization Survey. H influenzae type b colonization data were based on 6 carriage studies. RESULTS. After universal infant vaccination in 1991, H influenzae type b disease among Alaska Native and non-Native children < 5 years of age decreased by 94% and 96%, respectively. After a 1996 change in H influenzae type b vaccine from polyribosylribitol phosphate-outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine to H influenzae type b oligosaccharide-CRM197 vaccine, the incidence of H influenzae type b disease increased in rural Alaska Natives from 19.8 to 91.1 cases per 100 000 per year < 5 years of age. During 2001-2004, with use of polyribosylribitol phosphateouter membrane protein conjugate vaccine, the rate of H influenzae type b disease in Alaska Native and non-Native children aged < 5 years decreased to 5.4 and 0 per 100 000 per year, respectively. In postvaccine studies, H influenzae type b carriage has decreased in Alaska Native children < 5 years of age. CONCLUSIONS. H influenzae type b vaccination has resulted in a dramatic decrease in invasive H influenzae type b disease in Alaska; however, despite high rates of H influenzae type b vaccine coverage, H influenzae type b disease rates among rural Alaska Native children < 5 years of age remain higher than the rates among non-Native Alaska and other US children. Equity in disease rates may not be achieved in indigenous populations with the current vaccines unless other environmental and household factors contributing to disease transmission are addressed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Investigat Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Singleton, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Investigat Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM ris2@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP E421 EP E429 DI 10.1542/peds.2006-0287 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 069IW UT WOS:000239440600100 PM 16882783 ER PT J AU Tai, JH Curns, AT Parashar, UD Bresee, JS Glass, RI AF Tai, Jennifer H. Curns, Aaron T. Parashar, Umesh D. Bresee, Joseph S. Glass, Roger I. TI Rotavirus vaccination and intussusception: Can we decrease temporally associated background cases of intussusception by restricting the vaccination schedule? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; vaccine; intussusception; vaccine safety; vaccine adverse event ID INFANTS; SAFETY; EFFICACY; TRENDS AB OBJECTIVE. The first rotavirus vaccine that was licensed in the United States, Rota-Shield, could have prevented the enormous burden of rotavirus diarrhea in American children but left instead the unfortunate legacy that live oral rotavirus vaccines may be associated with a serious but rare adverse event: intussusception. Although large trials indicate that the next generation of rotavirus vaccines is not associated with this complication, many children likely will develop intussusception by chance alone in the 2-week window after immunization, raising concerns about whether these cases might be "caused" by the vaccine. Our objective for this study was to model and compare the number of temporally associated intussusception events that are expected by chance alone under 2 rotavirus vaccination strategies. METHODS. We used national vaccine coverage rates and age-specific incidence of intussusception by months to model the number of temporally associated cases of intussusception that are expected by chance alone for 2 potential vaccination strategies: a strict schedule, limiting immunization to children within 1 month of the designated age for each dose(ie, 60-89, 120-149, and 180-209 days for doses 1, 2, and 3, respectively) versus a free schedule whereby infants are immunized whenever they appear for their routine vaccines up to 1 year of age. RESULTS. The number of intussusception events during the 2-week postvaccination window was 24% lower for the strict versus the free schedule (138 vs 182, respectively). This reduction was attributable largely to the smaller number of infants who were immunized fully under the strict schedule (vaccine coverage for 3 doses, 67% vs 89%). The cumulative risk for intussusception's occurring by chance in the 2-week postvaccination window essentially was the same between schedules (4.59 vs 4.76 per 100 000 doses). Most cases occurred after the second or third dose. CONCLUSIONS. Although an age-restricted vaccination schedule substantially reduced the number of intussusception events that were observed in the 2-week post-vaccination window when compared with a schedule with fewer restrictions, this decrease was attributable to a lower rate of vaccine coverage rather than a safer schedule of vaccination. The risk for intussusception did not differ significantly between vaccination strategies. Public health policy and education messages for physicians and parents should be developed to anticipate intussusception events that will occur by chance alone but are temporally related to rotavirus vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mailstop GO4,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rig2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD AUG PY 2006 VL 118 IS 2 BP E258 EP E264 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-2874 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 069IW UT WOS:000239440600079 PM 16882770 ER PT J AU Chang, S Iskander, J Farizo, K Miles Braun, M Ball, R AF Chang, Soju Iskander, John Farizo, Karen Miles Braun, M. Ball, Robert TI Evaluating reports of fever after diphtheria, tetanus toxoids, acellular pertussis, hepatitis b, inactivated poliovirus vaccine combined (DTaPHE) from the US vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol & Evaluat CBER, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, CBER, Off Vaccines Res & Review, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 SU 1 MA 056 BP S26 EP S27 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 080XG UT WOS:000240281200057 ER PT J AU Dobardzic, A Izurieta, HS Iskander, JK Shadomy, S Woo, EJ Rupprecht, C Herrera, G Braun, M Ball, R AF Dobardzic, Azra Izurieta, Hector S. Iskander, John K. Shadomy, Sean Woo, Emily J. Rupprecht, Charles Herrera, Gulliermo Braun, Miles Ball, Robert TI Adverse events associated with purified chick embryo cell culture rabies vaccine in the United States SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, OBE, CBER, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ORAU, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 SU 1 MA 166 BP S78 EP S78 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 080XG UT WOS:000240281200167 ER PT J AU Hore, P Zartarian, V Xue, JP Ozkaynak, H Wang, SW Yang, YC Chu, PL Sheldon, L Robson, M Needham, L Barr, D Freeman, N Georgopoulos, P Lioy, PJ AF Hore, Paromita Zartarian, Valerie Xue, Jianping Ozkaynak, Haluk Wang, Sheng-Wei Yang, Yu-Ching Chu, Pei-Ling Sheldon, Linda Robson, Mark Needham, Larry Barr, Dana Freeman, Natalie Georgopoulos, Panos Lioy, Paul J. TI Children's residential exposure to chlorpyrifos: Application of CPPAES field measurements of chlorpyrifos and TCPy within MENTOR/SHEDS-pesticides model SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE children; exposure analysis; MENTOR/SHEDS-pesticides; chlorpyrifos; CPPAES ID SURFACES AB The comprehensive individual field-measurements on non-dietary exposure collected in the Children's-Post-Pesticide-Application-Exposure-Study (CPPAES) were used within MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides, a physically based stochastic human exposure and dose model. In this application, however, the model was run deterministically. The MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides employed the CPPAES as input variables to simulate the exposure and the dose profiles for seven children over a 2-week post-application period following a routine residential and professional indoor crack-and-crevice chlorpyrifos application. The input variables were obtained from a personal activity diary, microenviromnental measurements and personal biomonitoring data obtained from CPPAES samples collected from the individual children and in their homes. Simulation results were compared with CPPAES field measured values obtained from the children's homes to assess the utility of the different microenvironmental data collected in CPPAES, i.e. indicator toys and wipe samplers to estimate aggregate exposures that can be result from one or more exposure pathways and routes. The final analyses of the database involved comparisons of the actual data obtained from the individual biomarker samples of a urinary metabolite of chlorpyrifos (TCPy) and the values predicted by MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides using the CPPAES-derived variables. Because duplicate diet samples were not part of the CPPAES study design, SHEDs-Pesticides simulated dose profiles did not account for the dietary route. The research provided more confidence in the types of data that can be used in the inhalation and dermal contact modules of MENTOR/SHEDS-Pesticides to predict the pesticide dose received by a child. It was determined that we still need additional understanding about: (1) the types of activities and durations of activities that result in non-dietary ingestion of pesticides and (2) the influence of dietary exposures on the levels of TCPy found in the urine. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Rutgers State Univ, EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Contemporary Pesticide Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10007 USA. RP Lioy, PJ (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, EOHSI, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM plioy@eohsi.rutgers.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30-ES05022]; PHS HHS [ESO7148-17] NR 21 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 366 IS 2-3 BP 525 EP 537 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.10.012 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 075IF UT WOS:000239877400011 PM 16360767 ER PT J AU McLean, C AF McLean, Catherine TI STD and HIV prevention in men who have sex with men: Back to basics SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McLean, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, MS E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmclean@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 33 IS 8 BP 474 EP 475 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000231959.89510.75 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 068ZN UT WOS:000239414300002 PM 16865046 ER PT J AU Gallo, MF Behets, FM Steiner, MJ Hobbs, MM Hoke, TH Van Damme, K Ralimamonjy, L Raharimalala, L Cohen, MS AF Gallo, Maria F. Behets, Frieda M. Steiner, Markus J. Hobbs, Marcia M. Hoke, Theresa Hatzell Van Damme, Kathleen Ralimamonjy, Louisette Raharimalala, Leonardine Cohen, Myron S. TI Prostate-specific antigen to ascertain reliability of self-reported coital exposure to semen SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONDOM-USE; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; PARTNER REPORTS; VAGINAL FLUID; ISNT ENOUGH; VALIDITY; POPULATION; FREQUENCY; BIOMARKER; OUTCOMES AB Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the validity of women's reports of recent unprotected sex by testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in vaginal samples. Study Design: The authors conducted prospective research with 332 female sex workers attending 2 public dispensaries in Madagascar. Results: Among women who reported no sex or protected sex only within the past 48 hours, 21% and 39%, respectively, tested positive for PSA. Among those testing positive for PSA, no differences in PSA concentrations were found among those reporting no sex, protected sex only, or at least one unprotected act. Conclusions: The substantial disagreement between self-reports and measurement of a biologic marker of semen exposure in vaginal specimens substantiates that self-reports of sexual behavior cannot be assumed to be valid measures. Future sexually transmitted infection/HIV and pregnancy prevention studies should confirm the validity of self-reports or use end points that do not rely on self-reported data. C1 Family Hlth Int, Hlth Serv Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med Microbiol & Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Inst Sante Publ & Communautaire, Antananarivo, Madagascar. Hop Kely, Minist Sante Publ, Tamatave, Madagascar. RP Gallo, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Bulford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mgallo@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI031496, N01 AI075329] NR 27 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 33 IS 8 BP 476 EP 479 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000231960.92850.75 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 068ZN UT WOS:000239414300003 PM 16865047 ER PT J AU Alexander, S Martin, IMC Fenton, K Ison, CA AF Alexander, S. Martin, I. M. C. Fenton, K. Ison, C. A. TI The prevalence of proline iminopeptidase negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae throughout England and Wales SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID IDENTIFICATION AB Background: The accurate laboratory identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an essential element of the diagnosis of gonorrhoea and is particularly important for medicolegal cases. The detection of proline iminopeptidase (Pip) activity is widely used as a marker for gonococci, although Pip negative N gonorrhoeae isolates have been shown to generate false negative identifications when using biochemical kits. This study aimed to determine the frequency of Pip negative gonococci in England and Wales. Methods: A total of 2055 isolates were collected from consecutive patients attending 26 genitourinary medicine centres as part of the Gonococcal Resistance to Antimicrobials Surveillance Programme ( GRASP). Upon receipt the identity of all isolates was confirmed using N gonorrhoeae specific monoclonal antibodies and the Pip status was determined using the Gonochek II kit. Results: The overall prevalence of Pip negative isolates was found to be 4.33%. Significant geographical variation was observed between isolates from centres outside London (p <= 0.001). Variation was also observed within London between the nine different clinics submitting isolates (p=0.025). There was also a higher frequency of these isolates among men who have sex with men (p <= 0.001), which may account for geographical variations. Conclusion: Pip negative N gonorrhoeae isolates are a very serious cause for concern as currently all biochemical test kits available within the United Kingdom require the presence of the Pip enzyme for an unambiguous identification of this pathogen. Raising awareness of the current prevalence of Pip negative N gonorrhoeae isolates is critical for the successful control of gonorrhoea. C1 Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Ref Lab, London NW9 5HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alexander, S (reprint author), Hlth Protect Agcy, Ctr Infect, Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Ref Lab, Colindale Ave, London NW9 5HT, England. EM sarah.alexander@hpa.org.uk NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD AUG 1 PY 2006 VL 82 IS 4 BP 280 EP 282 DI 10.1136/sti.2005.018424 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 074CS UT WOS:000239790700005 PM 16877574 ER PT J AU Pickett, MS Schober, SE Brody, DJ Curtin, LR Giovino, GA AF Pickett, Melanie S. Schober, Susan E. Brody, Debra J. Curtin, Lester R. Giovino, Gary A. TI Smoke-free laws and secondhand smoke exposure in US non-smoking adults, 1999-2002 SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; SERUM COTININE LEVELS; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; FREE WORKPLACE; YOUNG-ADULTS; CALIFORNIA; POLICIES; WORKERS; BAN AB Objectives: To investigate the relationship between smoke-free law coverage and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in the United States non-smoking adult population. Design: We used data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional survey designed to monitor the health and nutritional status of the US population. Serum cotinine levels were available for 5866 non-smoking adults from 57 survey locations. Each location was categorised into one of three groups indicating extensive, limited, and no coverage by a smoke-free law. Main outcome measures: The proportion of adults with SHS exposure, defined as having serum cotinine levels >= 0.05 ng/ml. Results: Among non-smoking adults living in counties with extensive smoke-free law coverage, 12.5% were exposed to SHS, compared with 35.1% with limited coverage, and 45.9% with no law. Adjusting for confounders, men and women residing in counties with extensive coverage had 0.10 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.06 to 0.16) and 0.19 (95% CI 0.11 to 0.34) times the odds of SHS exposure compared to those residing in counties without a smoke-free law. Conclusions: These results support the scientific evidence suggesting that smoke-free laws are an effective strategy for reducing SHS exposure. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RP Brody, DJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4215, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sschober@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 6 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD AUG PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 AR 302 DI 10.1136/tc.2005.015073 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 069PA UT WOS:000239459500013 PM 16885579 ER PT J AU Heneine, W Kuehnert, MJ AF Heneine, Walid Kuehnert, Matthew J. TI Preserving blood safety against emerging retroviruses SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material ID FOAMY VIRUS-INFECTION; LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUSES; TRANSMISSION; PRIMATES; IDENTIFICATION; HUNTERS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM wmh2@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD AUG PY 2006 VL 46 IS 8 BP 1276 EP 1278 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2006.00925.x PG 3 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 066VZ UT WOS:000239259800004 PM 16934059 ER PT J AU Osterholt, DM Rowe, AK Hamel, MJ Flanders, WD Mkandala, C Marum, LH Kaimila, N AF Osterholt, Dawn M. Rowe, Alexander K. Hamel, Mary J. Flanders, William D. Mkandala, Christopher Marum, Lawrence H. Kaimila, Nyokase TI Predictors of treatment error for children with uncomplicated malaria seen as outpatients in Blantyre district, Malawi SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE health services research; developing countries; guideline; treatment error; child health services; malaria; Malawi ID CHILDHOOD ILLNESS STRATEGY; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; HEALTH FACILITIES; KNOWLEDGE; DIARRHEA; WORKERS; BENIN; FEVER AB BACKROUND Past studies have shown that health workers in developing countries often do not follow clinical guidelines, though few studies have explored with appropriate methods why errors occur. To develop interventions that improve health worker performance, factors affecting treatment practices must be better understood. METHODS We analysed data from a health facility survey in Blantyre District, Malawi, in which health workers were observed treating ill children, and then children were independently re-examined by 'gold-standard' study clinicians. The analysis was limited to children with uncomplicated malaria (defined according to Malawi's guidelines as fever or anaemia without signs of severe illness), and a treatment error was defined as failure to treat with an effective antimalarial. RESULTS Twenty-eight health workers and 349 ill-child consultations were evaluated; 247 (70.8%) children were treated with an effective antimalarial, and 102 (29.2%) were subject to treatment error. Logistic regression analysis revealed that in-service malaria training was not associated with treatment quality (univariate odds ratio (OR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46-2.93); whereas acute respiratory infections training was associated with making an error (adjusted OR (aOR) = 2.42, 95% CI: 1.23-4.76). High fever and chief complaint of fever were associated with fewer errors (aOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10-0.60 and aOR = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13-0.48, respectively). Errors were more likely to occur in consultations starting before 1 p.m. (aOR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.07-3.31). Supervision was not associated with better treatment quality. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the disease-specific training and supervision, performed before the survey, did not lead to long-term improvements in health care quality. Furthermore, case management training for one specific disease may have worsened quality of care for another disease. These results support integration of guidelines for multiple conditions. Interventions should be evaluated for unintended negative effects on overall quality of care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Blantyre Dist Hlth Off, Blantyre, Malawi. Blantyre Integrated Malaria Initiat, Blantyre, Malawi. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM axr9@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD AUG PY 2006 VL 11 IS 8 BP 1147 EP 1156 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01666.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 065XS UT WOS:000239194100002 PM 16903878 ER PT J AU Dorsey, KA Zou, S Notari, EP Fang, CT Dodd, RY Schonberger, LB AF Dorsey, K. A. Zou, S. Notari, E. P. Fang, C. T. Dodd, R. Y. Schonberger, L. B. TI Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease look-back study: An update SO VOX SANGUINIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Amer Red Cross, Rockville, MD 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0042-9007 J9 VOX SANG JI Vox Sang. PD AUG PY 2006 VL 91 SU 3 BP 68 EP 69 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 077AE UT WOS:000239999300161 ER PT J AU Ku, BK Emery, MS Maynard, AD Stolzenburg, MR McMurry, PH AF Ku, Bon Ki Emery, Mark S. Maynard, Andrew D. Stolzenburg, Mark R. McMurry, Peter H. TI In situ structure characterization of airborne carbon nanofibres by a tandem mobility-mass analysis SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NANOTUBE MATERIAL; PARTICLE MASS; EXPOSURE; DENSITY AB Carbon nanofibres aerosolized by the agitation of as-produced commercial powder have been characterized in situ by using the differential mobility analyser - aerosol particle mass analyser (DMA-APM) method to determine their structural properties such as the effective density and fractal dimension for toxicology study. The effective density of the aerosolized carbon nanofibres decreased from 1.2 to 0.4 g cm(-3) as the mobility diameters increased from 100 to 700 nm, indicating that the carbon nanofibres had open structures with an overall void that increased with increasing diameter, due to increased agglomeration of the nanofibres. This was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, showing that 100 nm mobility diameter nanofibres were predominantly single fibres, while doubly or triply attached fibres were seen at mobility diameters of 200 and 400 nm. Effective densities calculated using Cox's theory were in reasonable agreement with experimental values. The mass fractal dimension of the carbon nanofibres was found to be 2.38 over the size range measured and higher than that of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), suggesting that the carbon nanofibres have more compact structure than SWCNTs. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Mech Engn, Particle Technol Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Woodrow Wilson Int Ctr Scholars, Project Emerging Nanotechnol, Washington, DC 20004 USA. RP Ku, BK (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R3, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM BKu@cdc.gov RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; McMurry, Peter/A-8245-2008; OI McMurry, Peter/0000-0003-1609-5131; Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 22 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUL 28 PY 2006 VL 17 IS 14 BP 3613 EP 3621 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/17/14/042 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 062UH UT WOS:000238969700043 PM 19661613 ER PT J AU Long, T Coleman, D Dietsch, P McGrath, P Brady, D Thomas, D Corzatt, T Ruta, M Duffy, R Koch, E Thayer, N Heath, J Lohff, C Hageman, J Jernigan, D LeMaile-Williams, M AF Long, T. Coleman, D. Dietsch, P. McGrath, P. Brady, D. Thomas, D. Corzatt, T. Ruta, M. Duffy, R. Koch, E. Thayer, N. Heath, J. Lohff, C. Hageman, J. Jernigan, D. LeMaile-Williams, M. CA CDC TI Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections among tattoo recipients - Ohio, Kentucky, and Vermont, 2004-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 677-679, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Columbus Hlth Dept, Columbus, OH USA. Toledo Lucas Cty Hlth Dept, Toledo, OH USA. Highland Cty Hlth Dept, Hillsboro, OR USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Gateway Dist Hlth Dept, Owingsville, KY USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Preparedness Detect & Control Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Long, T (reprint author), Columbus Hlth Dept, Columbus, OH USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 26 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 4 BP 385 EP 386 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 066PN UT WOS:000239242500010 ER PT J CA WHO CDC TI Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication - Pakistan and Afghanistan, January 2005-May 2006 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 679-682, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Immunizat Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP WHO, Immunizat Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 26 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 4 BP 387 EP 388 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 066PN UT WOS:000239242500011 ER PT J AU Bhandari, N Sharma, P Glass, RI Ray, P Greenberg, H Taneja, S Saksena, M Rao, CD Gentsch, JR Parashar, U Maldonado, Y Ward, RL Bhan, MK AF Bhandari, Nita Sharma, Pooja Glass, Roger I. Ray, Pratima Greenberg, Harry Taneja, Sunita Saksena, Manju Rao, C. Durga Gentsch, Jon R. Parashar, Umesh Maldonado, Yvonne Ward, Richard L. Bhan, M. K. TI Safety and immunogenicity of two live attenuated human rotavirus vaccine candidates, 116E and I321, in infants: Results of a randomised controlled trial SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rotavirus vaccine; safety; immunogenicity ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; PROTECTION; CHILDREN; STRAIN; INDIA; VP4 AB We evaluated safety and immunogenicity of two orally administered human rotavirus vaccine candidates 116E and I321. Ninety healthy infants aged 8 weeks received a single dose of 116E (10(5) FFu (florescence focus units)), 1321 (105 FFu) or placebo. There were no significant differences in the number of adverse events. Fever was reported by 6/30, 1/30 and 5/30 in the 116E, 1321 and placebo groups; the corresponding figures for diarrhoea were 5/30, 8/29 and 3/30. Serum IgA seroconversion rates were 73%, 39% and 20% in the 116E, 1321 and placebo groups, respectively. Vaccine virus was shed on days 3, 7 or 28 in 11/30 infants of the 116E and none in the other two groups. The 116E strain is attenuated, clinically safe and highly immunogenic with a single dose. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Govt India, Dept Biotechnol, New Delhi 110003, India. Soc Appl Studies, New Delhi, India. Ctr Dis Control, Viral Gastroenteritis Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Paediat, New Delhi 110029, India. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Indian Inst Sci, Dept Microbiol & Cell Biol, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India. Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Bhan, MK (reprint author), Govt India, Dept Biotechnol, 7th Floor,CGO Complex,Lodhi Rd, New Delhi 110003, India. EM community.research@cih.uib.no OI Ray, Pratima/0000-0002-2182-2279 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 26 PY 2006 VL 24 IS 31-32 BP 5817 EP 5823 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 069TB UT WOS:000239470000008 PM 16735085 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Marcet, PL Graham, DH Dahl, ER Dubey, JP AF Lehmann, Tovi Marcet, Paula L. Graham, Doug H. Dahl, Erica R. Dubey, J. P. TI Globalization and the population structure of Toxoplasma gondii SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE evolutionary history; migration; pandemic genotype; protozoan parasite; trade ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; RECOMBINATION; INFERENCE; NETWORKS; LINEAGES; SURVIVAL; STRAINS; LOCI AB Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects nearly all mammal and bird species worldwide. Usually asymptomatic, toxoplasmosis can be severe and even fatal to many hosts, including people. Elucidating the contribution of genetic variation among parasites to patterns of disease transmission and manifestations has been the goal of many studies. Focusing on the geographic component of this variation, we show that most genotypes are locale-specific, but some are found across continents and are closely related to each other, indicating a recent radiation of a pandemic genotype. Furthermore, we show that the geographic structure of T. gondii is extraordinary in having one population that is found in all continents except South America, whereas other populations are generally confined to South America, and yet another population is found worldwide. Our evidence suggests that South American and Eurasian populations have evolved separately until recently, when ships populated by rats, mice, and cats provided T. gondii with unprecedented migration opportunities, probably during the transatlantic slave trade. Our results explain several enigmatic features of the population structure of T. gondii and demonstrate how pervasive, prompt, and elusive the impact of human globalization is on nature. C1 NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, ARS, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, 12735 Twinbrook Pkwy,Room 2W13A, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM tlehmann@niaid.nih.gov RI marcet, Paula/B-1758-2012; OI Marcet, Paula/0000-0002-0676-3020 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 32 TC 204 Z9 212 U1 3 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 25 PY 2006 VL 103 IS 30 BP 11423 EP 11428 DI 10.1073/pnas.0601438103 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 068DZ UT WOS:000239353900057 PM 16849431 ER PT J AU McNamara, JR Warnick, GR Cooper, GR AF McNamara, Judith R. Russell Warnick, G. Cooper, Gerald R. TI A brief history of lipid and lipoprotein measurements and their contribution to clinical chemistry SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Review DE lipoproteins; metabolism; lipid; cholesterol ID LOW-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; TRIGLYCERIDE-RICH LIPOPROTEINS; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE-SPECTROSCOPY; TOTAL SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; PLASMA-LIPOPROTEINS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; APOLIPOPROTEIN-B; INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION; STANDARDIZATION PROJECT AB The study of modern lipid chemistry began in the 17th and 18th centuries with early observations by Robert Boyle, Poulletier de la Salle, Antoine Francois de Fourcroy and others. The 19th century chemist, Chevreul, identified several fatty acids, suggested the name 'cholesterine' for the fatty substance in gallstones, coined the word 'glycerine', and showed that fats were comprised of glycerol and fatty acids. The 20th century brought many advances in the understanding of lipoprotein structure and function, and explored relationships between lipoproteins and disease states. The development of the ultracentrifuge and other lipoprotein separation techniques, and reagents for accurate, standardized quantitative measurement have steadily increased our understanding of the important role of lipoprotein metabolism in both healthy and disease states. (c) 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Berkeley Heart Lab, Alameda, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McNamara, JR (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Lipid Res Lab, Medford, MA 02155 USA. EM judith.mcnamara@tufts.edu NR 148 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD JUL 23 PY 2006 VL 369 IS 2 BP 158 EP 167 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2006.02.041 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 071GY UT WOS:000239588700009 PM 16740255 ER PT J AU Glass, RI Parashar, UD Bresee, JS Turcios, R Fischer, TK Widdowson, MA Jiang, BM Gentsch, JR AF Glass, Roger I. Parashar, Umesh D. Bresee, Joseph S. Turcios, Reina Fischer, Theo K. Widdowson, Marc-Alain Jiang, Baoming Gentsch, Jon R. TI Rotavirus vaccines: current prospects and future challenges SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID BOVINE ROTAVIRUS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; MEXICAN CHILDREN; HEALTHY INFANTS; GLOBAL BURDEN; RHESUS-HUMAN; WC3 VACCINE AB Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhoea in children worldwide and diarrhoeal deaths in children in developing countries. Accelerated development and introduction of rotavirus vaccines into global immunisation programmes has been a high priority for many international agencies, including WHO and the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations. Vaccines have been developed that could prevent the enormous morbidity and mortality from rotavirus and their effect should be measurable within 2-3 years. Two live oral rotavirus vaccines have been licensed in many countries; one is derived from an attenuated human strain of rotavirus and the other combines five bovine-human reassortant strains. Each vaccine has proven highly effective in preventing severe rotavirus diarrhoea in children and safe from the possible complication of intussusception. in developed countries, these vaccines could substantially reduce the number and associated costs of child hospitalisations and clinical visits for acute diarrhoea. In developing countries, they could reduce deaths from diarrhoea and improve child survival through programmes for childhood immunisations and diarrhoeal disease control. Although many scientific, programmatic, and financial challenges face the global use of rotavirus vaccines, these vaccines-and new candidates in the pipeline hold promise to make an immediate and measurable effect to improve child health and survival from this common burden affecting all children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Rglass@cdc.gov OI Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933; Fischer, Thea Kolsen/0000-0003-4812-980X NR 110 TC 283 Z9 310 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 22 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9532 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68815-6 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 067PF UT WOS:000239314400030 PM 16860702 ER PT J AU Johansen, SK Maus, CE Plikaytis, BB Douthwaite, S AF Johansen, Shanna K. Maus, Courtney E. Plikaytis, Bonnie B. Douthwaite, Stephen TI Capreomycin binds across the ribosomal subunit interface using tlyA-encoded 2 '-O-methylations in 16S and 23S rRNAs SO MOLECULAR CELL LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; BACTERIAL RIBOSOME; RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; ANGSTROM RESOLUTION; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; NUCLEOTIDE G745; P-SITES; A-SITES AB The cyclic peptide antibiotics capreomycin and viomycin are generally effective against the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, recent virulent isolates have become resistant by inactivation of their tlA gene. We show here that tlyA encodes a 2'-O-methyltransferase that modifies nucleotide C1409 in helix 44 of 16S rRNA and nucleotide C1920 in helix 69 of 23S rRNA. Loss of these previously unidentified rRNA methylations confers resistance to capreomycin and viomycin. Many bacterial genera including enterobacteria lack a tlA gene and the ensuing methylations and are less susceptible than mycobacteria to capreomycin and viomycin. We show that expression of recombinant tlA in Escherichia coli markedly increases susceptibility to these drugs. When the ribosomal subunits associate during translation, the two tlA-encoded methylations are brought into close proximity at interbridge B2a. The location of these methylations indicates the binding site and inhibitory mechanism of capreomycin and viomycin at the ribosome subunit interface. C1 Univ So Denmark, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Program Microbiol & Mol Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Douthwaite, S (reprint author), Univ So Denmark, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. EM srd@bmb.sdu.dk OI Douthwaite, Stephen/0000-0001-5468-8486 NR 54 TC 111 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 8 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1097-2765 J9 MOL CELL JI Mol. Cell PD JUL 21 PY 2006 VL 23 IS 2 BP 173 EP 182 DI 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.05.044 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 072BN UT WOS:000239647700006 PM 16857584 ER PT J AU Conn, JM Annest, JL Paulozzi, LJ AF Conn, J. M. Annest, J. L. Paulozzi, L. J. CA CDC TI Nonfatal injuries from off-road motorcycle riding among children and teens - United States, 2001-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 621, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Conn, JM (reprint author), CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 19 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 3 BP 273 EP 274 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 064LA UT WOS:000239089900010 ER PT J AU DeGraw, C Kimball, G Adams, R Misselbeck, T Oliveri, R Plough, J Wallace, C Cruise, PE Pozsik, C AF DeGraw, C. Kimball, G. Adams, R. Misselbeck, T. Oliveri, R. Plough, J. Wallace, C. Cruise, P. E. Pozsik, C. CA CDC TI Tuberculosis control activities after Hurricane Katrina New Orleans, Louisiana, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 332, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, TB Control Sect, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, TB Program, Austin, TX USA. CDC, Epidemiol Elect Program, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP DeGraw, C (reprint author), Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, TB Control Sect, Baton Rouge, LA 70821 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 19 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 3 BP 275 EP 276 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 064LA UT WOS:000239089900011 ER PT J AU Mangione, CM Gerzoff, RB Williamson, DF Steers, WN Kerr, EA Brown, AF Waitzfelder, BE Marrero, DG Dudley, RA Kim, C Herman, W Thompson, TJ Safford, MM Selby, JV AF Mangione, Carol M. Gerzoff, Robert B. Williamson, David F. Steers, W. Neil Kerr, Eve A. Brown, Arleen F. Waitzfelder, Beth E. Marrero, David G. Dudley, R. Adams Kim, Catherine Herman, William Thompson, Theodore J. Safford, Monika M. Selby, Joe V. CA TRIAD Study Grp TI The association between quality of care and the intensity of diabetes disease management programs SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; CHRONIC ILLNESS; IMPROVE; SYSTEM; INTERVENTIONS; SERVICES; VISITS; ADULTS; TRIAD; RISK AB Background: Although disease management programs are widely implemented, little is known about their effectiveness. Objective: To determine whether disease management by physician groups is associated with diabetes care processes, control of intermediate outcomes, or the amount of medication used when intermediate outcomes are above target levels. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Patients were randomly sampled from 63 physician groups nested in 7 health plans sponsored by Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (87%) and from 4 health plans with individual physician contracts (13%). Patients: 8661 adults with diabetes who completed a survey (2000-2001) and had medical record data. Measurements: Physician group and health plan directors described their organizations' use of physician reminders, performance feedback, and structured care management on a survey; their responses were used to determine measures of intensity of disease management. The current study measured 8 processes of care, including most recent hemoglobin A, level, systolic blood pressure, serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, and several measures of medication use. Results: Increased use of any of 3 disease management strategies was significantly associated with higher adjusted rates of retinal screening, nephropathy screening, foot examinations, and measurement of hemoglobin Aye levels. Serum lipid level testing and influenza vaccine administration were associated with greater use of structured care management and performance feedback. Greater use of performance feedback correlated with an increased rate of foot examinations (difference, 5 percentage points [95% Cl, 1 to 8 percentage points]), and greater use of physician reminders was associated with an increased rate of nephropathy screening (difference, 15 percentage points [Cl, 6 to 23 percentage points]). No strategies were associated with intermediate outcome levels or level of medication management. Limitations: Physician groups were not randomly sampled from population-based listings, and disease management strategies were not randomly allocated across groups. Conclusions: Disease management strategies were associated with better processes of diabetes care but not with improved intermediate outcomes or level of medication management. A greater focus on direct measurement, feedback, and reporting of intermediate outcome levels or of level of medication management may enhance the effectiveness of these programs. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affiars Ann Arbor Healthcare Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Pacific Healthcare Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA USA. RP Mangione, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, 911 Broxton Pl,Room 119, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cmangione@mednet.ucla.edu NR 37 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 18 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 2 BP 107 EP 116 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 063WU UT WOS:000239051400004 PM 16847293 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH AF Dietz, William H. TI What constitutes successful weight management in adolescents? SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT; ADULTHOOD; CHILDHOOD; MORTALITY; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcd4@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 18 PY 2006 VL 145 IS 2 BP 145 EP 146 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 063WU UT WOS:000239051400010 PM 16847296 ER PT J AU D Manning, S Ki, M Marrs, CF Kugeler, KJ Borchardt, SM Baker, CJ Foxman, B AF D Manning, Shannon Ki, Moran Marrs, Carl F. Kugeler, Kiersten J. Borchardt, Stephanie M. Baker, Carol J. Foxman, Betsy TI The frequency of genes encoding three putative group B streptococcal virulence factors among invasive and colonizing isolates SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-C-PROTEIN; BINDING BETA-ANTIGEN; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENOME SEQUENCE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; AGALACTIAE; DISEASE; COLONIZATION; INFECTIONS; SEROTYPE AB Background: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes severe infections in very young infants and invasive disease in pregnant women and adults with underlying medical conditions. GBS pathogenicity varies between and within serotypes, with considerable variation in genetic content between strains. Three proteins, Rib encoded by rib, and alpha and beta C proteins encoded by bca and bac, respectively, have been suggested as potential vaccine candidates for GBS. It is not known, however, whether these genes occur more frequently in invasive versus colonizing GBS strains. Methods: We screened 162 invasive and 338 colonizing GBS strains from different collections using dot blot hybridization to assess the frequency of bca, bac and rib. All strains were defined by serotyping for capsular type, and frequency differences were tested using the Chi square test. Results: Genes encoding the beta C protein (bac) and Rib (rib) occurred at similar frequencies among invasive and colonizing isolates, bac (20% vs. 23%), and rib (28% vs. 20%), while the alpha (bca) C protein was more frequently found in colonizing strains (46%) vs, invasive (29%). Invasive strains were associated with specific serotype/gene combinations. Conclusion: Novel virulence factors must be identified to better understand GBS disease. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Michigan State Univ, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pediat & Human Dev, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Eulji Univ Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Taejon, South Korea. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. Fargo Vet Adm Med Ctr, Fargo, ND USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Pediat Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Foxman, B (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM Shannon.Manning@ht.msu.edu; kimoran@eulji.ac.kr; cfmarrs@umich.edu; bio1@cdc.gov; Stephanie.Borchardt@va.gov; cbaker@bcm.tmc.edu; bfoxman@umich.edu OI Foxman, Betsy/0000-0001-6682-238X; Ki, Moran/0000-0002-8892-7104; Manning, Shannon/0000-0001-9581-0660 NR 36 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD JUL 17 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 116 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-6-116 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 083HA UT WOS:000240445800001 ER PT J AU Koshiol, J Schroeder, J Jamieson, DJ Marshall, SW Duerr, A Heilig, CM Shah, KV Klein, RS Cu-Uvin, S Schuman, P Celentano, D Smith, JS AF Koshiol, J Schroeder, J Jamieson, DJ Marshall, SW Duerr, A Heilig, CM Shah, KV Klein, RS Cu-Uvin, S Schuman, P Celentano, D Smith, JS TI Smoking and time to clearance of human papillomavirus infection in HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV; papillomavirus; human; smoking; women ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ONCOGENIC HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; CERVICAL-CANCER; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NATURAL-HISTORY; YOUNG-WOMEN; PERSISTENCE; NEOPLASIA; RISK; CYTOLOGY AB Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection seems central to cervical carcinogenesis. Smoking is associated with cervical cancer in HPV DNA-positive women, but its association with HPV persistence is unclear, particularly with respect to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus. The authors evaluated smoking and HPV clearance by HIV serostatus among 801 women from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (United States, 1993-2000). Type-specific HPV duration was defined as the interval between initial MY09/11 polymerase chain reaction positivity and the first of two consecutive HPV-negative study visits. Hazard ratios adjusted for study site and risk behaviors (sexual activity or injection drug use) were estimated using Cox regression. This analysis included 522 HIV-seropositive and 279 HIV-seronegative women (median follow-up, 4.4 years). Ever smoking was associated with reduced clearance of high-risk HPV in HIV-seronegative women (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30, 0.88) but not in HIV-seropositive women (HR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.65, 1.42); similar results were found for current smoking. Current smoking was not associated with clearance of any type-specific HPV in HIV-seropositive (HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.20) or HIV-seronegative (HR = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.68, 1.26) women. HPV clearance did not appear to vary by amount or duration of smoking. Smoking did not modify overall clearance but was associated with lower high-risk HPV clearance in HIV-seronegative women. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Chief Sci Officer, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Bethesda, MD USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Brown Univ, Brown Med Sch, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Infect Dis & Qual Hlth Care, Sch Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Detroit, MI USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Koshiol, J (reprint author), NCI, 6120 Execut Blvd,MSC 7236, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM koshiolj@mail.nih.gov RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008; OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310; Marshall, Stephen/0000-0002-2664-9233 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA09330-22]; NIAID NIH HHS [5 P30 AI050410-07]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU506831, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798] NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 2 BP 176 EP 183 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj165 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 059UY UT WOS:000238758900011 PM 16775041 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Packard, MM Patel, M Montague, JL Uyeki, TM Bhat, N Balish, A Lindstrom, S Klimov, A Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Packard, MM Patel, M Montague, JL Uyeki, TM Bhat, N Balish, A Lindstrom, S Klimov, A Zaki, SR TI Histopathologic and immunohistochemical features of fatal influenza virus infection in children during the 2003-2004 season SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ASIAN INFLUENZA; CYTOKINE RESPONSES; LUNG-BIOPSY; DIAGNOSIS; INTERLEUKIN-6; PATHOGENESIS; PNEUMONIA; ASTHMA; ASSAYS; PCR AB Background. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention enhanced national surveillance for influenza-associated deaths among children because of early reports of pediatric deaths during the 2003 - 2004 influenza season. Methods. We studied lung and upper airway specimens from 47 case patients who died who had at least 1 positive result for influenza virus tests using hematoxylin and eosin, special stains for bacteria and fungi, and immunohistochemical ( IHC) assays for influenza A and B viruses and other potential viral and bacterial respiratory pathogens. Results. Nineteen ( 40%) of the 47 patients were <= 2 years old, and 26 ( 55%) were female. Influenza IHC testing identified type A antigens in 26 patients and type B antigens in 1 patient. Influenza antigens were observed focally in bronchoepithelial cells and mucous glands of trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioli, showing submucosal mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates. IHC assays were the only confirmatory diagnostic test for 5 patients ( 11%). Significant life-threatening pathological conditions that could be considered the cause of death were present in 36 patients ( 77%) and included diffuse alveolar damage ( 12 cases), extensive secondary pneumonia ( 11 cases), extensive intraalveolar hemorrhage ( 10 cases), viral pneumonitis ( 10 cases), myocarditis ( 6 cases), and meningoencephalitis ( 1 case). For 9 patients with bronchopneumonia, a bacterial or fungal etiology was determined with IHC assay ( 3 Staphylococcus infections, 3 group A streptococci infections, 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, 1 Bordetella pertussis infection, and 1 Aspergillus infection). Conclusions. IHC assays are useful for the diagnosis of influenza and bacterial pneumonia. This study underscores the importance of performing autopsies to identify the causes of death in patients with influenza infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G32,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jguarner@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 25 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 132 EP 140 DI 10.1086/505122 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 053WY UT WOS:000238338000002 PM 16779738 ER PT J AU Greene, CM Kyaw, MH Ray, SM Schaffner, W Lynfield, R Barrett, NL Long, C Gershman, K Pilishvili, T Roberson, A Zell, ER Whitney, CG Bennett, NM AF Greene, CM Kyaw, MH Ray, SM Schaffner, W Lynfield, R Barrett, NL Long, C Gershman, K Pilishvili, T Roberson, A Zell, ER Whitney, CG Bennett, NM CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Preventability of invasive pneumococcal disease and assessment of current polysaccharide vaccine recommendations for adults: United States, 2001-2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; OLDER-ADULTS; REVACCINATION; EFFICACY; SAFETY AB Background. To prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infection among persons at highest risk for invasive pneumococcal disease ( IPD), the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( PPV) is currently recommended for persons >= 65 years old and persons 2 - 64 years old with certain underlying conditions. Policymakers have considered expanding recommendations for PPV to include persons who are 50 - 64 years old and additional populations at risk for IPD. Our objectives were to determine the proportion of IPD cases that might have been prevented if all persons with vaccine indications had been vaccinated and to evaluate new indications. Methods. From 2001 to 2003, we performed a case series study of IPD in adults at 6 sites of the Active Bacterial Core surveillance - Emerging Infections Program Network. A case of IPD was defined as isolation of pneumococcus from a normally sterile site from a resident of 1 of the surveillance areas. Results. Among 1878 case patients, 1558 ( 83%) had at least 1 current vaccine indication; of these, 968 case patients ( 62%) were unvaccinated. Adherence to existing vaccine recommendations would have prevented 21% of all cases. The proportions of all cases potentially prevented by each new indication were as follows: lowering the universal age of recommended vaccination to 50 years, 5.0% - 7.0%; adding new risk- based indications to include current smoking, 1.5% - 2.5%; former smoking, 0.4% - 0.7%; black race, 1.0% - 1.4%; and asthma, 0.3% 0.4%. Conclusions. Increasing vaccine coverage rates among persons with a current indication may prevent more cases than expanding existing indications. Of the potential new indications studied, the strategy that may prevent most cases is lowering the recommended age for universal vaccination to 50 years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Monroe Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Greene, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Ethiopia, POB 1014,Entoto Rd, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. EM cqg4@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP 141 EP 150 DI 10.1086/505117 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 053WY UT WOS:000238338000003 PM 16779739 ER PT J AU Scollard, DM Joyce, MP Gillis, TP AF Scollard, DM Joyce, MP Gillis, TP TI Development of leprosy and type 1 leprosy reactions after treatment with infliximab: A report of 2 cases SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; MYCOBACTERIUM-LEPRAE; TUBERCULOSIS AB Humanized monoclonal antibodies to tumor necrosis factor a are valuable for the treatment of rheumatologic conditions, but they have been associated with the development of serious infections. We report the first 2 cases of leprosy developing after treatment with infliximab. After discontinuation of infliximab, both patients developed type 1 ("reversal") leprosy reactions. C1 Louisiana State Univ, NHDP, SVM, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Scollard, DM (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, NHDP, SVM, Skip Bertman Dr, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM dscoll1@lsu.edu NR 17 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 2 BP E19 EP E22 DI 10.1086/505222 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 053WY UT WOS:000238338000033 PM 16779736 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE AF Rupprecht, Charles E. TI Additional thoughts on human rabies vaccination SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Collaborating Ctr Ref & Res Rabies, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Collaborating Ctr Ref & Res Rabies, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 2 BP 206 EP 206 PG 1 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 063QX UT WOS:000239035800021 PM 16865814 ER PT J AU McCollum, AM Poe, AC Hamel, M Huber, C Zhou, ZY Shi, YP Ouma, P Vulule, J Bloland, P Slutsker, L Barnwell, JW Udhayakumar, V Escalante, AA AF McCollum, AM Poe, AC Hamel, M Huber, C Zhou, ZY Shi, YP Ouma, P Vulule, J Bloland, P Slutsker, L Barnwell, JW Udhayakumar, V Escalante, AA TI Antifolate resistance in Plasmodium falciparum: Multiple origins and identification of novel dhfr alleles SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-for-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Trop Med Hyg ID ANTIMALARIAL-DRUG RESISTANCE; BAY COHORT PROJECT; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE; MALARIA PARASITES; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; MUTATIONS; TRIMETHOPRIM; SELECTION; AFRICA AB Background. Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine has been widely used as first-line therapy for uncomplicated malaria throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Recent studies conducted in Asia and Africa suggest the triple-mutant dhfr genotype (51I/59R/108N) may have been generated as a single event in Southeast Asia, with subsequent spread of the single lineage to the African continent, but this hypothesis needs further validation. Methods. Direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, pyrosequencing, and cloning of PCR products were utilized to identify mutations in dhfr. To investigate the evolutionary history of dhfr alleles, we assayed microsatellite loci flanking dhfr along chromosome 4. Results. A total of 15 of 479 samples from western Kenya showed the presence of I164L, in 5 different genotypes. We document C50R in 2 of our samples. Using microsatellite markers, we show 2 haplotypes for both the 51I/108N/164L and 51I/59R/108N/164L genotypes. Our results also show multiple lineages for the triple-mutant dhfr genotype in Africa. Conclusions. These findings highlight the importance of local characterization of alleles before molecular surveillance of drug-resistant alleles is considered in different endemic settings and populations. C1 Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Escalante, AA (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874501, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM ananias.escalante@asu.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM60740] NR 23 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 2 BP 189 EP 197 DI 10.1086/504687 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 053WU UT WOS:000238337600009 PM 16779725 ER PT J AU Varma, JK Marcus, R Stenzel, SA Hanna, SS Gettner, S Anderson, BJ Hayes, T Shiferaw, B Crume, TL Joyce, K Fullerton, KE Voetsch, AC Angulo, FJ AF Varma, JK Marcus, R Stenzel, SA Hanna, SS Gettner, S Anderson, BJ Hayes, T Shiferaw, B Crume, TL Joyce, K Fullerton, KE Voetsch, AC Angulo, FJ TI Highly resistant Salmonella Newport-MDRAmpC transmitted through the domestic US food supply: A FoodNet case-control study of sporadic Salmonella Newport infections, 2002-2003 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB 29-MAR 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Microbiol, Assoc Public Hlth Labs, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, WHO ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM; AMPC BETA-LACTAMASE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SPECTRUM CEPHALOSPORINS; ANIMALS; EMERGENCE; DIARRHEA; ILLNESS AB Background. A new multidrug-resistant ( MDR) strain of Salmonella serotype Newport, Newport-MDRAmpC, has recently emerged. We sought to identify the medical, behavioral, and dietary risk factors for laboratory-confirmed Salmonella Newport infection, including that with Newport-MDRAmpC. Methods. A 12-month population-based case-control study was conducted during 2002 - 2003 in 8 sites of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network ( FoodNet), with 215 case patients with Salmonella Newport infection and 1154 healthy community control subjects. Results. Case patients with Newport-MDRAmpC infection were more likely than control subjects to have taken an antimicrobial agent to which Newport-MDRAmpC is resistant during the 28 days before the onset of diarrheal illness ( odds ratio [ OR], 5.0 [ 95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.6 - 16]). Case patients with Newport-MDRAmpC infection were also more likely to have eaten uncooked ground beef ( OR, 7.8 [ 95% CI, 1.4 - 44]) or runny scrambled eggs or omelets prepared in the home ( OR, 4.9 [ 95% CI, 1.3 - 19]) during the 5 days before the onset of illness. International travel was not a risk factor for Newport-MDRAmpC infection but was a strong risk factor for pansusceptible Salmonella Newport infection ( OR, 7.1 [ 95% CI, 2.0 - 24]). Case patients with pansusceptible infection were also more likely to have a frog or lizard in their household ( OR, 2.9 [ 95% CI, 1.1 - 7.7]). Conclusions. Newport-MDRAmpC infection is acquired through the US food supply, most likely from bovine and, perhaps, poultry sources, particularly among persons already taking antimicrobial agents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Dept Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. New York Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Mailstop D63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fangulo@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2006 VL 194 IS 2 BP 222 EP 230 DI 10.1086/505084 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 053WU UT WOS:000238337600013 PM 16779729 ER PT J AU Taussig, J Shouse, RL LaMarre, M Fitzpatrick, L McElroy, P Borkowf, CB MacGowan, R Margolis, AD Stratford, D McLellan-Lemal, E Robbins, K Heneine, W Greenberg, A Sullivan, P Henderson, Z Jafa, K AF Taussig, J Shouse, RL LaMarre, M Fitzpatrick, L McElroy, P Borkowf, CB MacGowan, R Margolis, AD Stratford, D McLellan-Lemal, E Robbins, K Heneine, W Greenberg, A Sullivan, P Henderson, Z Jafa, K TI HIV transmission among male inmates in a state prison system - Georgia, 1992-2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 421-426, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Georgia Dept Correct, Atlanta, GA 30334 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Hepatitis STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Taussig, J (reprint author), Georgia Dept Correct, Atlanta, GA 30334 USA. RI McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor/J-9720-2012; Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009 NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 12 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 2 BP 162 EP 164 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 062LP UT WOS:000238946500010 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Semenova, VA Li, H Soroka, SD Fox, SP Boyer, AE Barr, JR Pirkle, JL Smith, JP Sammons, DL Robertson, SA Quinn, CP AF Biagini, R. E. Semenova, V. A. Li, H. Soroka, S. D. Fox, S. P. Boyer, A. E. Barr, J. R. Pirkle, J. L. Smith, J. P. Sammons, D. L. Robertson, S. A. Quinn, C. P. TI Serologic approaches for anthrax diagnosis, treatment and vaccine evaluation SO CHEMICO-BIOLOGICAL INTERACTIONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT International Conference on Frontiers of Pharmacology and Toxicology CY AUG 28-31, 2006 CL Chicago, IL SP Univ Illinois, Toxicol Res Lab, Dept Pharmacol & Canc Res Ctr, Appl Biosyst, Elsevier, Soc Toxicol, Labcat, Waters Corp, Hilltop Lab Anim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Marshall Farms, Thermo Electron N Amer LLC, AniLytics, EMKA Technologies, PerkinElmer, Life & Analyt Sci C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0009-2797 J9 CHEM-BIOL INTERACT JI Chem.-Biol. Interact. PD JUL 10 PY 2006 VL 161 IS 3 SI SI BP 183 EP 184 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 076UB UT WOS:000239982200014 ER PT J AU Choudhury, B Risley, CL Ghani, AC Bishop, CJ Ward, H Fenton, KA Ison, CA Spratt, BG AF Choudhury, B Risley, CL Ghani, AC Bishop, CJ Ward, H Fenton, KA Ison, CA Spratt, BG TI Identification of individuals with gonorrhoea within sexual networks: a population-based study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID GONOCOCCAL TRANSMISSION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LONDON; INFECTION AB Background Molecular typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and contact tracing provide a combined approach for analysis of sexual networks in metropolitan areas, although there are some difficulties in application. Our aim was to examine the application of high-throughput molecular approaches that can identify individuals in linked sexual networks. Methods We characterised 2045 isolates of N gonorrhoeae from patients presenting at 13 major sexually transmitted infection clinics in London, UK, between June 1 and Nov 30, 2004. All isolates were assigned a sequence type (strain) on the basis of the sequences of internal fragments of two highly polymorphic loci, par and tbpB. These types were matched to demographic and behavioural data obtained at the clinic for each patient. We assessed the congruence in the demographic and behavioural characteristics of individuals infected with the same strain. Findings We identified 21 prevalent strains in this diverse gonococcal population, each infecting between 20 and 124 individuals. Seven of these strains were predominantly from men who have sex with men; the remaining 14 were predominantly from heterosexual people. No differences were recorded between the strains associated with men who have sex with men in the demographic or behavioural characteristics of infected individuals. By contrast, significant differences in age (p<0.0001), ethnicity (p=0.001), proportion of women (p=0.01), and HIV status (p=0.03) were noted between the 14 prevalent heterosexual-associated strains. Heterosexuals with strains not shared by others in the sample were significantly older (p=0.0005) and more likely to have had sex outside the UK (p<0.0001) than those sharing a strain with at least one other. Interpretation The discriminatory high throughput strain characterisation method applied here identified localised transmission networks and suggests little bridging between networks of men who have sex with men and heterosexual networks. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Protect Agcy, Sexually Transmitted Bacteria Reference Lab, Hlth Protect Agcy Ctr Infect, London, England. RP Spratt, BG (reprint author), St Marys Hosp, Imperial Coll London, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. EM b.spratt@imperial.ac.uk RI Spratt, Brian/A-1676-2009; Ghani, Azra/B-8560-2009; Choudhury, Bhudipa/D-3863-2011; OI Choudhury, Bhudipa/0000-0002-1392-6414; Ward, Helen/0000-0001-8238-5036 FU Wellcome Trust [GR072422] NR 19 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 8 PY 2006 VL 368 IS 9530 BP 139 EP 146 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69003-X PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 062AR UT WOS:000238917200028 PM 16829298 ER PT J AU Poehling, KA Edwards, KM Weinberg, GA Szilagyi, P Staat, MA Iwane, MK Bridges, CB Grijalva, CG Zhu, YW Bernstein, DI Herrera, G Erdman, D Hall, CB Seither, R Griffin, MR AF Poehling, Katherine A. Edwards, Kathryn M. Weinberg, Geoffrey A. Szilagyi, Peter Staat, Mary Allen Iwane, Marika K. Bridges, Carolyn B. Grijalva, Carlos G. Zhu, Yuwei Bernstein, David I. Herrera, Guillermo Erdman, Dean Hall, Caroline B. Seither, Ranee Griffin, Marie R. CA New Vaccine Surveillance Netw TI The underrecognized burden of influenza in young children SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HOSPITALIZED CHILDREN; OUTPATIENT VISITS; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; INFECTIONS; INFANTS; IMPACT; VIRUS; MANAGEMENT; EMERGENCY; RATES AB Background The disease burden of influenza infection among children is not well established. We conducted a population-based surveillance of medical visits associated with laboratory-confirmed influenza. Methods Eligible children were younger than five years of age, resided in three U.S. counties, and had a medical visit for an acute respiratory tract infection or fever. Nasal and throat swabs were tested for the influenza virus by viral culture and polymerase-chain-reaction assay. Epidemiologic data were collected from parental surveys and chart reviews. Children who were hospitalized were enrolled prospectively from 2000 through 2004. Population-based rates of hospitalizations associated with influenza were calculated. Children who were seen in selected pediatric clinics and emergency departments during two influenza seasons (2002-2003 and 2003-2004) were systematically enrolled. The rates of visits to clinics and emergency departments associated with influenza were estimated. Results The average annual rate of hospitalization associated with influenza was 0.9 per 1000 children. The estimated burden of outpatient visits associated with influenza was 50 clinic visits and 6 emergency department visits per 1000 children during the 2002-2003 season and 95 clinic visits and 27 emergency department visits per 1000 children during the 2003-2004 season. Few children who had laboratory-confirmed influenza were given a diagnosis of influenza by the treating physician in the inpatient (28 percent) or outpatient (17 percent) settings. Conclusions Among young children, outpatient visits associated with influenza were 10 to 250 times as common as hospitalizations. Few influenza infections were recognized clinically. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Immunizat & Resp Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Poehling, KA (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. FU NCIRD CDC HHS [1 U01 IP000022]; NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI065805] NR 29 TC 469 Z9 490 U1 2 U2 16 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa054869 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 060DT UT WOS:000238783200005 PM 16822994 ER PT J AU Kyaw, MH Whitney, CG AF Kyaw, Moe H. Whitney, Cynthia G. TI Potential consequences of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kyaw, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwhitney@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUL 6 PY 2006 VL 355 IS 1 BP 95 EP 96 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 060DT UT WOS:000238783200017 ER PT J AU Weinbaum, C Billah, K Mast, EE AF Weinbaum, C Billah, K Mast, EE CA CDC TI Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among adults - United States, 2004 Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 509-511, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STDs & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weinbaum, C (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr HIV Viral Hepatitis STDs & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 1 BP 33 EP 34 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 058RU UT WOS:000238683100006 ER PT J AU Service, W Ramsey, S Henderson, K Smith, M Emmanuel, S Batts, D Sanchez, C Young, S Azziz-Baumgartner, E Patel, M Miller, M Corrales, L Schulte, J Conklin, L AF Service, W Ramsey, S Henderson, K Smith, M Emmanuel, S Batts, D Sanchez, C Young, S Azziz-Baumgartner, E Patel, M Miller, M Corrales, L Schulte, J Conklin, L CA CDC TI Rapid needs assessment of two rural communities after Hurricane Wilma - Hendry County, Florida, November 1-2, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 429-431, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Service, W (reprint author), N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 1 BP 34 EP 36 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 058RU UT WOS:000238683100007 ER PT J AU Watson, J Jones, RC Cortes, C Gerber, SI Golash, RG Price, J Bancroft, E Mascola, L Gorwitz, RJ Jernigan, DB James, L AF Watson, J Jones, RC Cortes, C Gerber, SI Golash, RG Price, J Bancroft, E Mascola, L Gorwitz, RJ Jernigan, DB James, L CA CDC TI Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection among healthy newborns - Chicago and Los Angeles County, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 55, pg 329-332, 2006) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DISEASE C1 Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth Lab, Chicago, IL USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Watson, J (reprint author), Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 296 IS 1 BP 36 EP 38 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 058RU UT WOS:000238683100008 ER PT J AU Premenko-Lanier, M Hodge, G Rota, P Tamin, A Bellini, W McChesney, M AF Premenko-Lanier, M Hodge, G Rota, P Tamin, A Bellini, W McChesney, M TI Matemal antibody inhibits both cellular and humoral immunity in response to measles vaccination at birth SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE infant; immunity; vaccine measles; nonhuman primate ID MATERNAL ANTIBODIES; MUMPS VACCINATION; INFANTS; RECOMBINANT; VACCINES; EPIDEMIC; MACAQUES; VIRUS; MODEL AB Maternal antibody prevents the use of live, attenuated measles vaccine (LAV) before 6-9 months of age, but vaccinated 6-month-old infants can mount a T cell response. An infant macaque model was used to study the immune response to LAV in the newborn in the presence or absence of maternal antibody. Four newborn monkeys without detectable maternal antibody and 9 newborns with passive measles antibody were vaccinated with LAV. Only the infants without passive antibody seroconverted after vaccination and 3 of 4 of these infants also developed measles-specific interferon gamma+ T cells. The monkeys were challenged with wild-type measles virus at 5 months of age, and 7 of 9 infants vaccinated in the presence of passive antibody had systemic infection and skin rash, while 3 of the 4 infants vaccinated in the absence of passive antibody were protected from viremia and rash. This suggests that the newborn call respond to LAV but that maternal antibody suppresses the priming of both humoral and cellular immunity at birth. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Sch Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Measles Virus Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch,Div Viral & Rickettsi, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McChesney, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Sch Med, Country Rd 98, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM mbmcchesney@ucdavis.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00169]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI45827]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU913348] NR 19 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUL 5 PY 2006 VL 350 IS 2 BP 429 EP 432 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.029 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 060ET UT WOS:000238785900017 PM 16569419 ER PT J AU Bikaako-Kajura, W Luyirika, E Purcell, DW Downing, J Kaharuza, F Mermin, J Malamba, S Bunnell, R AF Bikaako-Kajura, Winnie Luyirika, Emmanuel Purcell, David W. Downing, Julia Kaharuza, Frank Mermin, Jonathan Malamba, Samuel Bunnell, Rebecca TI Disclosure of HIV status and adherence to daily drug regimens among HIV-infected children in Uganda SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE pediatrics; AIDS; adherence; antiretrovirals; cotrimoxazole ID ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; POSITIVE CHILDREN; COTE-DIVOIRE; COTRIMOXAZOLE; PROPHYLAXIS; ADOLESCENTS; EFFICACY AB Pediatric adherence to daily drug regimens has not been widely assessed in Africa where majority of HIV infected children live. Using in-depth interviews of 42 HIV-infected children taking ART and/or cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, and 42 primary caregivers, at a comprehensive HIV/AIDS clinic in Uganda, we evaluated their adherence experiences for purposes of program improvement. Daily drug regimens provided by the pediatric clinic included cotrimoxazole prophylaxis as well as ART and cotrimoxazole combined. Complete disclosure of HIV status by caregivers to children and strong parental relationships were related to good adherence. Structural factors including poverty and stigma were barriers to adherence even for children who had had complete disclosure and a supportive relationship with a parent. To ensure adherence to life-extending medications, our findings underscore the need for providers to support caregivers to disclose, provide on-going support and maintain open communication with HIV-infected children taking cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and ART. C1 CO Uganda Virus Res Inst, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda. CDC Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Kampala, Uganda. Mildmay Ctr Uganda, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bikaako-Kajura, W (reprint author), CO Uganda Virus Res Inst, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Uganda, POB 49, Entebbe, Uganda. EM wmb8@ug.cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012; OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 25 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 10 SU 7 BP S85 EP S93 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9141-3 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 071IE UT WOS:000239592400010 PM 16791525 ER PT J AU Kaharuza, FM Bunnell, R Moss, S Purcell, DW Bikaako-Kajura, W Wamai, N Downing, R Solberg, P Coutinho, A Mermin, J AF Kaharuza, Frank M. Bunnell, Rebecca Moss, Susan Purcell, David W. Bikaako-Kajura, Winnie Wamai, Nafuna Downing, Robert Solberg, Peter Coutinho, Alex Mermin, Jonathan TI Depression and CD4 cell count among persons with HIV infection in Uganda SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE depression; HIV; AIDS; CD4 cell count; CES-D depression scale; Africa; Uganda ID RURAL UGANDA; MAJOR DEPRESSION; MENS HEALTH; CES-D; SYMPTOMS; AIDS; WOMEN; SCALE; RISK; DISORDERS AB Despite the importance of mental illness and the high prevalence of HIV in Africa, few studies have documented depressive symptoms among HIV-infected persons in Africa. We assessed factors associated with depression among HIV-infected adults undergoing anti-retroviral eligibility screening in Eastern Uganda. Depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Univariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify socio-demographic characteristics and disease-related factors associated with depression. Among 1017 HIV-infected participants assessed for depression, 47% (476/1017) reported depressive symptoms (CES-D >= 23). Adjusting for age, gender, education, and source of income, patients with CD4 counts < 50 cells/mu l were more likely to be depressed (odds ratio 2.34, 95% confidence interval, 1.39-3.93, P = 0.001). Women, participants > 50 years, and those without an income source were more likely to be depressed. Depression was common among HIV-infected persons in rural Uganda and was associated with low CD4 cell counts. Appropriate screening and treatment for depression should be considered for comprehensive HIV care. C1 CDC Uganda, Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Global Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. AIDS Support Org, Kampala, Uganda. RP Bunnell, R (reprint author), CDC Uganda, Uganda Virus Res Inst, POB 49, Entebbe, Uganda. EM rrb7@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012; OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 30 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 9 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 10 SU 7 BP S105 EP S111 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9142-2 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 071IE UT WOS:000239592400012 PM 16802195 ER PT J AU Nakayiwa, S Abang, B Packel, L Lifshay, J Purcell, DW King, R Ezati, E Mermin, J Coutinho, A Bunnell, R AF Nakayiwa, Sylvia Abang, Betty Packel, Laura Lifshay, Julie Purcell, David W. King, Rachel Ezati, Enoch Mermin, Jonathan Coutinho, Alex Bunnell, Rebecca TI Desire for children and pregnancy risk behavior among HIV-Infected men and women in Uganda SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE desire for children; pregnancy risk behavior; HIV; AIDS; MTCT; PMTCT; prevention with P; Africa; Uganda ID FERTILITY DESIRES; DECISION-MAKING; COHORT; ZAMBIA AB To identify ways to improve prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV, we conducted a cross-sectional study of 1,092 HIV-infected men and women attending an AIDS support organization in Jinja, Uganda, between October 2003 and June 2004. Pregnancy risk behavior was defined as having sex without contraceptive or condom. Overall, 42% of participants were sexually active, 33% practiced pregnancy risk behavior, and 18% desired more children. Men were almost four times to want more children than the women (27% vs. 7%). Among those practicing pregnancy risk behavior, 73% did not want more children and were at high risk for unwanted pregnancies. Although 81% knew that mother-to-child transmission of HIV could be prevented, only 22% believed that an HIV-infected woman who received PMTCT therapy could still deliver an HIV-infected child. Lack of MTCT information, having attended the program for <= 2 years and desire for children were independently associated with pregnancy risk behavior. PMTCT and other HIV prevention and care programs should ensure provision of family planning for HIV-infected populations who do not want to become pregnant. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. AIDS Support Org, Kampala, Uganda. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. CDC Uganda, Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Nakayiwa, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda. EM Nakayiwas@UG.CDC.GOV RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012; OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 26 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 17 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 10 SU 7 BP S95 EP S104 DI 10.1007/s10461-006-9126-2 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 071IE UT WOS:000239592400011 PM 16715343 ER PT J AU Mizuno, Y Wilkinson, JD Santibanez, S Rose, CD Knowlton, A Handley, K Gourevitch, MN AF Mizuno, Y Wilkinson, JD Santibanez, S Rose, CD Knowlton, A Handley, K Gourevitch, MN CA INSPIRE Team TI Correlates of health care utilization among HIV-seropositive injection drug users SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL-CARE; SERVICE UTILIZATION; RISK REDUCTION; UNITED-STATES; ACCESS; INTERVENTION; ADHERENCE AB This study sought to identify correlates of poor health care utilization among HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) using Andersen's behavioural health model. We used baseline data from INSPIRE, a study of HIV-positive IDUs (n = 1161) to identify predisposing, enabling, and need factors related to poor utilization (defined as fewer than two outpatient visits in the past six months, or identification of emergency room (ER) as the usual place for care). Using bivariate and multivariate models, we found a number of enabling factors that could facilitate the use of health care services such as having health insurance, having seen a case manager, and better engagement with health care providers. These enabling factors could be modified through interventions targeting HIV-positive IDUs. In addition, health insurance and case management appear to be important factors to address because they contributed in making other factors ( e. g. lower education, lack of stable housing) non-significant barriers to outpatient care utilization. In the future, these findings may be used to inform the development of interventions that maximize use of scarce HIV resources and improve health care utilization among HIV-positive IDUs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NYU, New York, NY 10012 USA. RP Mizuno, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ymizuno@cdc.gov OI Gourevitch, Marc/0000-0001-6865-2126 NR 16 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids-Hiv PD JUL PY 2006 VL 18 IS 5 BP 417 EP 425 DI 10.1080/09540120500162247 PG 9 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 053LY UT WOS:000238307800001 PM 16777632 ER PT J AU Mitchell, SJ Morris, SR Kent, CK Stansell, J Klausner, JD AF Mitchell, Samuel J. Morris, Sheldon R. Kent, Charlotte K. Stansell, John Klausner, Jeffrey D. TI Methamphetamine use and sexual activity among HIV-infected patients in care - San Francisco, 2004 SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-DRUG-USERS; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE TREATMENT; DEPENDENCE SCALE SDS; BISEXUAL MEN; RISK BEHAVIORS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; AMPHETAMINE USERS; PROVIDERS TALKING; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; POSITIVE MEN C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, STD Prevent Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Family & Community Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Morris, SR (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, STD Control Branch, 850 Marine Bay Pkwy,Bldg P,2nd Floor, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM smorris2@dhs.ca.gov NR 49 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD JUL PY 2006 VL 20 IS 7 BP 502 EP 510 DI 10.1089/apc.2006.20.502 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 064FL UT WOS:000239074500012 PM 16839249 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Sumner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Greer, PW Reagan, S Fischer, M Van Beneden, CA Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Sumner, J Paddock, CD Shieh, WJ Greer, PW Reagan, S Fischer, M Van Beneden, CA Zaki, SR TI Diagnosis of invasive group A streptococcal infections by using immunohistochemical and molecular assays SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pyogenes; pathology; immunohistochemistry; polymerase chain reaction; diagnosis ID NECROTIZING FASCIITIS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATHOGENESIS; PCR; RESURGENCE; PATHOLOGY; ANTHRAX; DISEASE; AREA AB Invasive group A streptococcus (GAS) infections cause 1,100 to 1,300 deaths annually in the United States. Diagnosis is made when Streptococcus pyogenes is isolated from pus or body fluids; however, cultures are not always obtained, and antibiotic treatment can preclude bacterial growth. An immunohistochemical assay for GAS was applied to formalin-fixed tissue samples from 122 patients with suspect GAS infection. Immunohistochemical staining of well-defined cocci and small, granular antigen fragments was observed in 2 7 cases. S pyogenes was isolated in 18 cases, whereas in 8 cases, immunohistochemical staining was confirmed by amplification of the sepB gene of S pyogenes from paraffin-embedded samples in a heminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. A primary focus of infection (respiratory, mucocutaneous, or gynecologic) was present in 22 patients, whereas 5 had no identifiable primary focus of infection. Eighteen patients had systemic infection. Immunohistochemical analysis and PCR can be used for diagnosis of GAS infections in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop G32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 126 IS 1 BP 148 EP 155 DI 10.1309/KHGVR72CBRM4FQ58 PG 8 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 055EN UT WOS:000238432900020 PM 16753593 ER PT J AU Lin, BK Clyne, M Walsh, M Gomez, O Yu, W Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Lin, BK Clyne, M Walsh, M Gomez, O Yu, W Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ TI Tracking the epidemiology of human genes in the literature: The HuGE Published Literature database SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE databases; genetic; epidemiology; molecular; genetics; genetics; population; genome; human; genomics; PubMed ID HUMAN GENOME EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLYMORPHISMS; DISEASE AB Completion of the human genome sequence has inspired a new wave of epidemiologic studies on the prevalence of gene variants and their associations with diseases in human populations. In 2001, the Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) Network launched the HuGE Published Literature database (HuGE Pub Lit), a searchable, online knowledge base of published, population-based epidemiologic studies of human genes. The database contains links to PubMed articles and can be searched by gene, disease, interacting factor, type of study design or analysis, or any combination of terms in these categories. The search output contains a link to each identified article, along with a table summarizing key features of the reported study. As of September 6, 2005, some 17,665 articles were indexed in the database. Most described gene-disease associations (86%); fewer evaluated gene-gene or gene-environment interactions (17%), the prevalence of gene variants (10%), or genetic tests (3%). Although not comprehensive, this database is a unique tool for epidemiologic researchers and others concerned with the role of genetic variation in population health. Here, the authors provide an overview of the database and its characteristics and uses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Gen & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Populat Hlth Sci, Madison, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Informat Syst, Informat Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gwinn, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Gen & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Mailstop K89,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mgwinn@cdc.gov RI Gomez, Onnalee/E-7051-2010; OI Gomez, Onnalee/0000-0003-3411-0374 NR 25 TC 105 Z9 109 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj175 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 056PF UT WOS:000238536900001 PM 16641305 ER PT J AU Driver, CR Macaraig, M McElroy, PD Clark, C Munsiff, SS Kreiswirth, B Driscoll, J Zhao, BY AF Driver, CR Macaraig, M McElroy, PD Clark, C Munsiff, SS Kreiswirth, B Driscoll, J Zhao, BY TI Which patients' factors predict the rate of growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clusters in an urban community? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cluster analysis; genotype; tuberculosis ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; NEW-YORK-CITY; FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; NETHERLANDS; RESISTANCE; CANADA; RISK AB Factors influencing tuberculosis cluster growth are poorly understood. The authors examined clusters of two or more culture-confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis cases between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2003, that had insertion sequence 6110 (IS6110) restriction fragment length polymorphism and spoligotype patterns identical to those of another study case. Genotypes first seen in New York, New York, before or during 1993 were considered historical; recent strains were those first seen after 1993. The authors examined the effect of the combined characteristics of infectiousness of the first two cases in a cluster on the rate of cluster growth. Genotyping was performed for 2,408 (91.8%) of the 2,623 tuberculosis cases diagnosed; 873 cases were in 212 clusters. Thirty-one clusters had historical strains, 153 were recent, and 28 were of unknown period. Patients' infectiousness was not associated with the rate of cluster growth among historical strain clusters. Among recent strain clusters, infectiousness of both of the initial cases was associated with a higher rate of cluster growth compared with clusters in which neither initial case was infectious, upon adjustment for male sex (rate ratio = 2.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 5.78). The rate of genotype cluster growth should be monitored regardless of how long the strain has been present in the community. However, infectiousness in the first two cases may be useful to prioritize genotype cluster investigations. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Ment Hyg, Bur Tuberculosis Control, Epidemiol Off, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst, Newark, NJ USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Driver, CR (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Ment Hyg, Bur Tuberculosis Control, Epidemiol Off, 225 Broadway,22nd Floor, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM cdriver@health.nyc.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 1 BP 21 EP 31 DI 10.1093/aje/kwj153 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 056PF UT WOS:000238536900005 PM 16641308 ER PT J AU Lehman, EJ Hein, MJ AF Lehman, EJ Hein, MJ TI Mortality of workers employed in shoe manufacturing: An update SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE toluene; solvents; lung cancer; leukemia; shoe manufacturing; xylene; methyl ethyl ketone; dementia ID OCCUPATIONAL RISK-FACTORS; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; LUNG-CANCER; COHORT MORTALITY; FOLLOW-UP; PAINT INDUSTRY; UNITED-STATES; TOLUENE AB Background In the late 1970s, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health identified two shoe manufacturing facilities where workers experienced relatively "pure" exposures to toluene. A mortality study was conducted through December 31, 1982. An original study did not detect elevated leukemia mortality but did detect increased lung cancer mortality. The present study is an update of the mortality of the original cohort. Methods The study cohort consisted of workers employed 1 month or more between 1940 and 1979 at two Ohio shoe manufacturing plants. Vital status was ascertained through December 31, 1999. Results Seven thousand eight hundred twenty eight workers, contributing 300,777 person years, were available for analysis. An excess of lung cancer deaths persisted with additional years of follow-up (SMR = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-1.54). Trend tests did not indicate a positive trend between lung cancer risk and duration of employment. Mortality from leukemia was not significantly elevated in the updated analysis. Conclusions Results indicate a possible association between lung cancer mortality and exposure to chronic, low-levels of organic solvents. Although the strength of this conclusion was weakened by the lack of increasing lung cancer risk in relation to duration of employment, other studies have supported this association. C1 NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Lehman, EJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-13, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ELehman@cdc.gov NR 59 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 49 IS 7 BP 535 EP 546 DI 10.1002/ajim.20322 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 053UM UT WOS:000238331200004 PM 16732556 ER PT J AU Speckman, RA McClellan, WM Volkova, NV Jurkovitz, CT Satko, SG Schoolwerth, AC Freedman, BI AF Speckman, Rebecca A. McClellan, William M. Volkova, Nataliya V. Jurkovitz, Claudine T. Satko, Scott G. Schoolwerth, Anton C. Freedman, Barry I. TI Obesity is associated with family history of ESRD in incident dialysis patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Nephrology CY OCT 27-NOV 01, 2004 CL St Louis, MO SP Amer Soc Nephrol DE end-stage renal disease; family history; familial clustering; obesity ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; CHRONIC KIDNEY-DISEASE; BODY-MASS INDEX; TYPE-2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS; METABOLIC SYNDROME; RISK-FACTORS; NEPHROPATHY; POPULATION; AGGREGATION; PROTEINURIA AB Background Obesity is an established risk factor for chronic kidney disease and aggregates in families. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between obesity and family history of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: Data were collected from 25,883 incident patients with ESRD in US ESRD Network 6 (Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina) dialysis clinics between 1995 and 2003. Family history is defined as a first- or second-degree relative with ESRD. Body mass index (BMI) at dialysis therapy initiation was classified as underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)), normal (BMI, 18.5 to <25 kg/m(2)), overweight (BMI, 25 to < 30 kg/m(2)), obese (BMI, 30 to <35 kg/m(2)), or morbidly obese (BMI >= 35 kg/m(2)). Results Twenty-three percent of patients reported a family history of ESRD. Of patients reporting a family history of ESRD, 5.5% were underweight, 32.5% had normal BMI, 28.0% were overweight, 17.3% were obese, and 16.7% were morbidly obese. After controlling for age, race, sex, primary cause of ESRD, history of diabetes, history of hypertension, and estimated glomerular filtration rate at dialysis therapy initiation, reported family history of ESRD was associated with being overweight (odds ratio [OR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.26), obese (OR, 1.25; 95% Cl, 1.14 to 1.37), and morbidly obese (OR, 1.40; 95% Cl, 1.27 to 1.55). Conclusion: Obesity at dialysis therapy initiation was associated independently with reported family history of ESRD. This finding suggests that behavioral factors, adiposity-related genes, and gene-by-BMI interaction may contribute to familial risk for ESRD. This finding also suggests that management of obesity may be even more important for patients with a family history of ESRD than for the general population. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Nephrol Sect, Winston Salem, NC 27103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Sect Hypertens Nephrol, Hanover, NH USA. RP Speckman, RA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM rspeckm@sph.emory.edu FU PHS HHS [500-97-E024] NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1053/j.ajkd.2006.03.086 PG 9 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 060UD UT WOS:000238826200006 PM 16797386 ER PT J AU Weiss, EC Galuska, DA Khan, LK Serdula, MK AF Weiss, EC Galuska, DA Khan, LK Serdula, MK TI Weight-control practices among US adults, 2001-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; LOSE WEIGHT; SMOKING CESSATION; DIETARY-INTAKE; ENERGY-INTAKE; BODY-WEIGHT; RISK; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIORS; OBESITY AB Background: Approximately $50 billion a year is spent by Americans on weight-loss products and services. Despite the high cost, few national studies have described specific weight-loss and weight-maintenance practices among U.S. adults. This analysis describes the use of specific practices by U.S. adults who tried to lose weight or tried only not to gain weight during the previous 12 months. Methods: Data were analyzed from the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted on a nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. This study focused on adults aged 20 years or older who were both interviewed and examined (n = 5027). Results: Fifty-one percent of U.S. adults tried to control their weight in the previous 12 months, including those who tried to lose weight (34% of men, 48% of women) and those who tried only not to gain weight (11% vs 10%, respectively). Among 2051 adults who tried to control their weight, the top four practices were the same: ate less food (65% among those who tried to lose weight, 52% among those who tried only not to gain weight); exercised (61% vs 46%, respectively); ate less fat (46% vs 42%); and switched to foods with lower calories (37% vs 36%). Less than one fourth combined caloric restriction with the higher levels of physical activity (300 or more minutes per week) recommended in the 2005 dietary guidelines by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. Conclusions: Although weight control is a common concern, most people who try do not use recommended combinations of caloric restriction and adequate levels of physical activity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Weiss, EC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway MS K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ecweiss@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 18 EP 24 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.016 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 059GM UT WOS:000238721300003 PM 16777538 ER PT J AU Gust, DA Campbell, S Kennedy, A Shui, I Barker, L Schwartz, B AF Gust, DA Campbell, S Kennedy, A Shui, I Barker, L Schwartz, B TI Parental concerns and medical-seeking behavior after immunization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VACCINE SAFETY CONCERNS; PHYSICIANS; ATTITUDES; CHILDREN; DESIGN AB Objective: To examine demographics and immunization attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of parents who sought medical attention for a child due to an adverse event following immunization (AEFI). Methods: A sample of households that participated in the National Immunization Survey was re-contacted during 2001. This analysis was conducted in 2004 and 2005. Results: Of 2286 respondents, 223 (6.9%, weighted) sought medical attention for a child due to an AEFI. Compared with parents reporting no adverse event, parents who sought medical attention were less likely to be African American (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.16-0.75) or Hispanic (AOR = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.07-0.39) versus white, aged 35 years or older versus 25 to 34 (AOR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.17-0.72), more likely to believe that immunizations cause minor side effects (AOR = 5.74, 95% CI = 2.99-11.00), report unwanted yet required childhood immunizations (AOR = 3.54, 95% CI = 1.45-8.66), not want a new baby to be fully immunized (AOR = 3.48, 95% CI = 1.25-9.67), report concern about immunization safety (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.07-4.05), believe that immunizations are dangerous (AOR = 3.56, 95 % CI = 1.14 - 11.13), and have a child missing two or more doses of three immunizations (measles-containing vaccine, DTaP/DTP, or hepatitis B) (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.17 - 4.55). Conclusions: This study suggests that research is needed to determine whether negative parental attitudes associated with a child's AEFI might be lessened by improving vaccine safety communication between physician and parent. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Gust, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Off, Off Chief Sci Officer, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dgg6@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 31 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2006.03.017 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 059GM UT WOS:000238721300005 PM 16777540 ER PT J AU Gaiter, JL Potter, RH OLeary, A AF Gaiter, JL Potter, RH OLeary, A TI Disproportionate rates of incarceration contribute to health disparities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID INEQUALITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaiter, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mail Stop E-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jlg3@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2006 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1148 EP 1149 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2006.086561 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 058IO UT WOS:000238658900004 PM 16735613 ER PT J AU Wilcox, S Dowda, M Griffin, SF Rheaume, C Ory, MG Leviton, L King, AC Dunn, A Buchner, DM Bazzarre, T Estabrooks, PA Campbell-Voytal, K Bartlett-Prescott, J Dowdy, D Castro, CM Carpenter, RA Dzewaltowski, DA Mockenhaupt, R AF Wilcox, S Dowda, M Griffin, SF Rheaume, C Ory, MG Leviton, L King, AC Dunn, A Buchner, DM Bazzarre, T Estabrooks, PA Campbell-Voytal, K Bartlett-Prescott, J Dowdy, D Castro, CM Carpenter, RA Dzewaltowski, DA Mockenhaupt, R TI Results of the first year of active for life: Translation of 2 evidence-based physical activity programs for older adults into community settings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACTIVITY PROMOTION PROGRAM; BEHAVIOR-CHANGE RESEARCH; ACTIVITY INTERVENTIONS; IMPROVE TRANSLATION; PERCEIVED STRESS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OUTCOMES; EXERCISE; FUTURE; CHAMPS AB Objectives. Translating efficacious interventions into practice within community settings is a major public health challenge. We evaluated the effects of 2 evidence-based physical activity interventions on self-reported physical activity and related outcomes in midlife and older adults. Methods. Four community-based organizations implemented Active Choices, a 6-month, telephone-based program, and 5 implemented Active Living Every Day, a 20-week, group-based program. Both programs emphasize behavioral skills necessary to become more physically active. Participants completed pretest and posttest surveys. Results. Participants (n = 838) were aged an average of 68.4 +/- 9.4 years, 80.6% were women, and 64.1% were non-Hispanic White. Seventy-two percent returned posttest surveys. Intent-to-treat analyses found statistically significant increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and total physical activity, decreases in depressive symptoms and stress, increases in satisfaction with body appearance and function, and decreases in body mass index. Conclusions. The first year of Active for Life demonstrated that Active Choices and Active Living Every Day, 2 evidence-based physical activity programs, can be successfully translated into community settings with diverse populations. Further, the magnitudes of change in outcomes were similar to those reported in the efficacy trials. C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Stanford Univ, Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Klein Buendel Inc, Golden, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Greater Detroit Area Hlth Council, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Church Hlth Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. Cooper Inst, Dallas, TX USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Wilcox, S (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM swilcox@sc.edu RI Dzewaltowski, David/G-5837-2015 OI Dzewaltowski, David/0000-0002-6592-1041 NR 42 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2006 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1201 EP 1209 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.074690 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 058IO UT WOS:000238658900020 PM 16735619 ER PT J AU Sapkota, S Kohl, HW Gilchrist, J McAuliffe, J Parks, B England, B Flood, T Sewell, CM Perrotta, D Escobeclo, M Stern, CE Zane, D Nolte, KB AF Sapkota, S Kohl, HW Gilchrist, J McAuliffe, J Parks, B England, B Flood, T Sewell, CM Perrotta, D Escobeclo, M Stern, CE Zane, D Nolte, KB TI Unauthorized border crossings and migrant deaths: Arizona, New Mexico, and El Paso, Texas, 2002-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DECOMPOSED BODIES; ETHANOL AB Objectives. We examined the major causes of and risk factors for death among migrants who died while making unauthorized border crossings into the United States from Mexico. Methods. Decedents were included in the study if (1) their remains were found between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2003, in any US county along the 650-mi (1040-km) section of the US-Mexican border from Yuma, Ariz, to El Paso, Tex; (2) their immigration status was unauthorized; and (3) they were believed to have died during transit from Mexico to the United States. Characteristics of the decedents and causes of and risk factors for their deaths were examined. Results. Among the 409 decedents meeting our inclusion criteria, environmental heat exposure (n = 250; 61.1%) was the leading cause of death, followed by vehicle crashes (n=33; 8.1%) and drownings (n=24; 5.9%). Male decedents (n=298; 72.8%) outnumbered female decedents (n=105; 25.6%) nearly 3 to 1. More than half of the decedents were known to be Mexican nationals (n=235; 57.5%) andwere aged 20 to 39 years (n=213; 52.0%); the nationality of 148 (36.2%) decedents was undetermined. Conclusions. Deaths among migrants making unauthorized crossings of the US-Mexican border are clue to causes that are largely preventable. Prevention strategies should target young Mexican men, and focus on preventing them from conceiving plans to cross the border, discouraging them from using dangerous routes as crossing points, and providing search-and-rescue teams to locate lost or injured migrant crossers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Pima Cty Med Examiners Off, Forens Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, El Paso, TX USA. El Paso Cty Med Examiners Off, El Paso, TX USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Off Med Investigator, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Sapkota, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-46,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ssapkota@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2006 VL 96 IS 7 BP 1282 EP 1287 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.075168 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 058IO UT WOS:000238658900032 PM 16735618 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, IM Williams, K Tyagi, S Peloquin, CA Vernon, AA Bishai, WR Grosset, JH Nuermberger, EL AF Rosenthal, IM Williams, K Tyagi, S Peloquin, CA Vernon, AA Bishai, WR Grosset, JH Nuermberger, EL TI Potent twice-weekly rifapentine-containing regimens in murine tuberculosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE moxifloxacin; rifampin; rifapentine; tuberculosis; treatment ID ONCE-WEEKLY RIFAPENTINE; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY; PHARMACOKINETICS; RIFAMPIN; MICE; RIFAMYCIN; MOXIFLOXACIN; RIFABUTIN AB Rationale: Recent studies have demonstrated that intermittent administration of rifamycin-based regimens results in higher rates of tuberculosis relapse and treatment failure compared with daily therapy. Twice-weekly treatment with rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide may be improved by increasing Mycobacterium tuberculosis exposure to rifamycin by substituting rifapentine for rifampin. Methods: To test this hypothesis, we compared the activities of standard daily and twice-weekly rifampin plus isoniazid-based regimens to those of twice-weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid- or moxifloxacin-containing regimens in the murine model of tuberculosis. Relapse rates were assessed after 4, 5, and 6 mo of treatment to assess stable cure. Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of rifampin and rifapentine were also determined. Results: After 2 mo of treatment, twice-weekly therapy with rifapentine (15 or 20 mg/kg), moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide was significantly more active than standard daily or twice-weekly therapy with rifampin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide. Stable cure was achieved after 4 mo of twice-weekly rifapentine plus isoniazid- or moxifloxacin-containing therapy, but only after 6 mo of standard daily therapy. Twice-weekly rifapentine (15 mg/kg) displayed more favorable pharmacodynamics than did daily rifampin (10 mg/kg). Conclusions: By virtue of the enhanced rifamycin exposure, twice-weekly regimens containing rifapentine (15 or 20 mg/kg) may permit shortening the current treatment duration by 2 mo. Such regimens warrant clinical investigation. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ctr TB Res, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Colorado, Infect Dis Pharmacokinet Lab, Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Pharm, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Med, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nuermberger, EL (reprint author), 1503 E Jefferson St, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA. EM enuermb@jhmi.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI058993, AI43846, AI58993, N01-AI-40007]; NIBIB NIH HHS [EB005094] NR 40 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 174 IS 1 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1164/rccm.200602-280OC PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 056DX UT WOS:000238502600015 PM 16574936 ER PT J AU Peterson, AT Lash, RR Carroll, DS Johnson, KM AF Peterson, A. Townsend Lash, R. Ryan Carroll, Darin S. Johnson, Karl M. TI Geographic potential for outbreaks of Marburg hemorrhagic fever SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDICTIVE MODELS; VIRUS-DISEASE; NICHE; EVENTS; VECTOR; BRAZIL; BIRD; TIME AB Marburg virus represents one of the least well-known of the hemorrhagic fever-causing viruses worldwide; in particular, its geographic potential in Africa remains quite mysterious. Ecologic niche modeling was used to explore the geographic and ecologic potential of Marburg virus in Africa. Model results permitted a reinterpretation of the geographic point of infection in the initiation of the 1975 cases in Zimbabwe, and also anticipated the potential for cases in Angola, where a large outbreak recently (2004-2005) occurred. The geographic potential for additional outbreaks is outlined, including in several countries in which the virus is not known. Overall, results demonstrate that ecologic niche modeling can be a powerful tool in understanding geographic distributions of species and other biologic phenomena such as zoonotic disease transmission from natural reservoir populations. C1 Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. Univ Kansas, Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Geog, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Peterson, AT (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. EM town@ku.edu RI Lash, R. Ryan/E-4115-2013; Peterson, A. Townsend/I-5697-2013 OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 47 TC 51 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 061WA UT WOS:000238902600003 PM 16837700 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JH Holman, RC McCall, CL Childs, JE Swerdlow, DL Thompson, HA AF McQuiston, Jennifer H. Holman, Robert C. McCall, Candace L. Childs, James E. Swerdlow, David L. Thompson, Herbert A. TI National surveillance and the epidemiology of human Q fever in the United States, 1978-2004 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SHEEP AB Although Q fever is considered enzootic in the United States, surveillance for human Q fever has been historically limited. From 1978 through 1999, 436 cases (average = 20 per year) of human Q fever were reported. After Q fever became nationally reportable in 1999, 255 human Q fever cases (average = 51 per year) were reported with illness onset during 2000 through 2004. The median age of cases was 51 years, and most cases were male (77%). The average annual incidence of Q fever was 0.28 cases per million persons, and was highest in persons 50-59 years of age (0.39 cases per million). State-specific incidence ranged from a high of 2.40 cases per million persons in Wyoming, to 0 cases in some states. Since Q fever became reportable, case reports have increased by more than 250%. Surveillance for Q fever is essential to establish the distribution and magnitude of disease and to complement U.S. bioterrorism preparedness activities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McQuiston, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fzh7@cdc.gov RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 28 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 061WA UT WOS:000238902600009 PM 16837706 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Reeves, WK Szumlas, DE Abbassy, MM Helmy, IM Mortarity, JR Dasch, GA AF Loftis, Amanda D. Reeves, Will K. Szumlas, Daniel E. Abbassy, Magda M. Helmy, Ibrahim M. Mortarity, John R. Dasch, Gregory A. TI Surveillance of Egyptian fleas for agents of public health significance: Anaplasma, Bartonella, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia, and Yersinia pestis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; NILE RIVER DELTA; MURINE TYPHUS; VIRAL ANTIBODY; TRANSMISSION; SIPHONAPTERA; CHAFFEENSIS; PREVALENCE; INFECTION AB Serologic surveys in Egypt have documented human and animal exposure to vector-borne bacterial pathogens, but the presence and distribution of these agents in arthropods has not been determined. Between July 2002 and July 2003, fleas were collected from 221 mammals trapped in 17 cities throughout Egypt. A total of 987 fleas were collected, representing four species (Ctenocephalides felis, Echidnophaga gallinacea, Leptopsylla segnis, and Xenopsylla cheopis); 899 of these fleas were X cheopis from rats (Rattus spp.). Fleas were tested for DNA from Anaplasma spp., Bartonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia spp., Rickettsia spp., and Yersinia pestis. Rickettsia typhi, the agent of murine typhus, was detected in X cheopis and L. segnis from rats from nine cities. A spotted-fever group Rickettsia sp. similar to "RF2125" was detected in E. gallinacea, and two unidentified spotted fever group Rickettsia were detected in two X cheopis. Novel Bartonella genotypes were detected in X. cheopis and L. segnis from three cities. Coxiella burnetii was detected in two fleas. Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, and Y. pestis were not detected. C1 CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Navy Dis Vector Ecol & Control Ctr, Jacksonville, FL USA. NAMRU3, Vector Biol Res Program, Cairo, Egypt. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aloftis@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 72 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 75 IS 1 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 061WA UT WOS:000238902600010 PM 16837707 ER PT J AU Green, BJ Millecchia, LL Blachere, FM Tovey, ER Beezhold, DH Schmechel, D AF Green, BJ Millecchia, LL Blachere, FM Tovey, ER Beezhold, DH Schmechel, D TI Dual fluorescent halogen immunoassay for bioaerosols using confocal microscopy SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-IMMUNOSTAINING TECHNIQUE; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; CONIDIA; GERMINATION; STACHYLYSIN; ALTERNARIA; FRAGMENTS; HYPHAE C1 Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Woolcock Inst Med Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Green, BJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Allergy & Clin Immunol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM Brett.Green@cdc.hhs.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y1-ES0001-06] NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 354 IS 1 BP 151 EP 153 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2006.03.035 PG 3 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 054QV UT WOS:000238394600020 PM 16712767 ER PT J AU Wei, H Nolkrantz, K Parkin, MC Chisolm, CN O'Callaghan, JP Kennedy, RT AF Wei, H Nolkrantz, K Parkin, MC Chisolm, CN O'Callaghan, JP Kennedy, RT TI Identification and quantification of neuropeptides in brain tissue by capillary liquid chromatography coupled off-line to MALDI-TOF and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; MICROWAVE IRRADIATION; SUBSTANCE-P; DEPOSITION INTERFACE; SAMPLE DEPOSITION; SINGLE NEURONS; PEPTIDES; PROTEINS; RAT; DECAPITATION AB Capillary liquid chromatography (CLC) coupled off-line with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and TOF/ TOF-MS were explored for identification and quantification of neuropeptides in microwave-fixed rat brain tissue. Sample was separated by gradient elution on 50-mu m-inner diameter reversed-phase columns at 180 nL/min. Effluent was mixed with matrix solution and transferred to a MALDI target plate by pulsed electric field deposition, yielding sample spots with 200-300-mu m diameter. Mass detection limits as low as 2 amol, corresponding to 1 pM concentration, were achieved for neuropeptides. CLC-MALDI-TOF- MS analysis of microwave-fixed rat striatum tissue yielded detection of over 400 distinctive peaks. CLC-MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS allowed identification of 10 peptides including 3 novel peptides. Quantification was evaluated using substance P as analyte and N-15(3)-labeled substance P as an internal standard. Quantification of substance P revealed similar to 6.8-fold higher levels than previously reported in the rat striatum. This increase is attributed to use of microwave fixation, which prevented degradation of the peptide, aggressive extraction procedures, and accounting for oxidation of substance P in the analysis. These results demonstrate that CLC-MALDI-TOF-MS is a versatile tool for neuropeptide analysis in brain tissue by allowing for detection, identification, and quantification. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Pharmacol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HELD TMBB, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Kennedy, RT (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM rtkenn@umich.edu RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Kennedy, Robert/G-9095-2016; OI Kennedy, Robert/0000-0003-2447-7471; Chisolm, Claire/0000-0002-6785-1681 FU NINDS NIH HHS [NS 38476] NR 43 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 78 IS 13 BP 4342 EP 4351 DI 10.1021/ac052196x PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 058KZ UT WOS:000238665200019 PM 16808441 ER PT J AU Spiegel, J Love, AS Wood, PR Griffith, M Taylor, KR Williams, SG Redd, SC AF Spiegel, John Love, Adrienne Segoris Wood, Pamela R. Griffith, Marcia Taylor, Kimberly R. Williams, Seymour G. Redd, Stephen C. TI The Inner-City Asthma Interventiona: description of a community-based implementation of an evidence-based approach to asthma manaimment SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN AB Background: In 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded a 4-year project to implement the Inner-City Asthma Intervention (ICAI)-an asthma treatment and management project based on the protocol developed for the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study (NCICAS) funded by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease. Objective: To describe the ICAI's major components and implementation issues. Methods: Information contained in this article is based on project activity and management reports, site client tracking and data collection reports, site visit and other program oversight activity, and general subject matter knowledge. The site client tracking data collection process varied among sites during the intervention. Common definitions and processes were developed and implemented as needed. Results: Three of the 24 original sites discontinued participation. The remaining sites enrolled 4,174 children into the intervention. Although the project ended earlier than originally scheduled, 1,035 children completed the entire intervention. Of the 3,139 children who did not complete the entire protocol, 1,355 children and their families completed the core activities or the core activities plus one or more follow-up activities. Conclusion: The ICAI project demonstrated that although there were a number of implementation issues to overcome, it is possible to implement effectively a proven National Institutes of Health protocol in the community setting. C1 Alliance Community Hlth Plans Fdn, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Adm, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Spiegel, J (reprint author), Alliance Community Hlth Plans Fdn, 2000 M St NW Suite 201, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM jspiegel@achp.org FU PHS HHS [200-1995-00953-0049] NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 SU 1 BP S6 EP S10 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 069QT UT WOS:000239464000003 PM 16892764 ER PT J AU Williams, SG Redd, SC AF Williams, Seymour G. Redd, Stephen C. TI From research to reality: from the National Cooperative Inner-City Asthma Study to the Inner-City Asthma Implementation SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Williams, SG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 SU 1 BP S4 EP S5 PG 2 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 069QT UT WOS:000239464000002 PM 16892763 ER PT J AU Wood, P Tumiel-Berhalter, L Owen, S Taylor, K Kattan, M AF Wood, Pamela Tumiel-Berhalter, Laurene Owen, Steven Taylor, Kimberly Kattan, Meyer TI Implementation of an asthma intervention in the inner city SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EDUCATION-PROGRAM; CHILDREN; PARENTS; TRIAL AB Background: Despite availability of asthma self-management interventions for children, few have been implemented in community-based settings. Objective: To describe implementation of the Inner-City Asthma Intervention and factors associated with higher rates of program completion by enrollees. Methods: Descriptive analyses of data from multiple data sources. Two-tailed Pearson correlation coefficients and analyses of variance were used to calculate associations of descriptive variables with the retention rate (percentage of enrolled children who completed the core intervention and had more than 1 follow-up visit) and with the percentage who had allergy testing done. Results: A total of 4,174 children were enrolled at 22 sites; 2,153 (52%) completed the core intervention and had more than 1 follow-up visit. A total of 2,014 enrolled children (48%) were tested for allergies. Retention was related to type and location of site, ease of obtaining written plans, language and ethnicity of asthma counselor, and on-site allergy testing. Higher rates of allergy testing were associated with the same factors, as well as flexibility in scheduling and selective enrollment of participants. Conclusions: Inner-city children with asthma can be enrolled in the Inner-City Asthma Intervention outside a controlled research setting. However, completion of all intervention components is difficult to achieve. We identify having an asthma counselor who is representative of the community, access to asthma action plans, and on-site allergy testing as factors that facilitate the implementation of this intervention in community-based settings. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Family Med, Buffalo, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY USA. RP Wood, P (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr,MS7808, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM woodp@uthscsa.edu FU PHS HHS [200-1995-00953-0049] NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 97 IS 1 SU 1 BP S20 EP S24 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 069QT UT WOS:000239464000006 PM 16892767 ER PT J AU Abrahamian, FM AF Abrahamian, Fredrick M. TI Update on emerging infections from the centers for disease control and prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CLOSTRIDIUM-DIFFICILE; TOXINOTYPES; DIARRHEA; STRAIN C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Abrahamian, FM (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 48 IS 1 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.04.005 PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 059MP UT WOS:000238737200007 PM 16791928 ER PT J AU Monto, AS McKimm-Breschkin, JL Macken, C Hampson, AW Hay, A Klimov, A Tashiro, M Webster, RG Aymard, M Hayden, FG Zambon, M AF Monto, AS McKimm-Breschkin, JL Macken, C Hampson, AW Hay, A Klimov, A Tashiro, M Webster, RG Aymard, M Hayden, FG Zambon, M TI Detection of influenza viruses resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors in global surveillance during the first 3 years of their use SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY NETWORK; REDUCED SENSITIVITY; AVIAN INFLUENZA; IN-VITRO; OSELTAMIVIR; CHILDREN; ZANAMIVIR; TRANSMISSION; H5N1; ANTIVIRALS AB Emergence of influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) develops at a low level following drug treatment, and person-to-person transmission of resistant virus has not been recognized to date. The Neuraminidase Inhibitor Susceptibility Network (NISN) was established to follow susceptibility of isolates and occurrence of NAI resistance at a population level in various parts of the world. Isolates from the WHO influenza collaborating centers were screened for susceptibilities to oseltamivir and zanamivir by a chemilluminescent enzyme inhibition assay, and those considered potentially resistant were analyzed by sequence analysis of the neuraminidase genes. During the first 3 years of NAI use (1999 to 2002), 2,287 isolates were tested. Among them, eight (0.33%) viruses had a > 10-fold decrease in susceptibility to oseltamivir, one (0.22%) in 1999 to 2000, three (0.36%) in 2000 to 2001, and four (0.41%) in 2001 to 2002. Six had unique changes in the neuraminidase gene compared to neuraminidases of the same subtype in the influenza sequence database. Although only one of the mutations had previously been recognized in persons receiving NAIs, none were from patients who were known to have received the drugs. During the 3 years preceding NAI use, no resistant variants were detected among 1,054 viruses. Drug use was relatively stable during the period, except for an approximate 10-fold increase in oseltamivir use in Japan during the third year. The frequency of variants with decreased sensitivity to the NAIs did not increase significantly during this period, but continued surveillance is required, especially in regions with higher NAI use. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CSIRO Mol & Hlth Technol, Parkville, Vic, Australia. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Natl Inst Med Res, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, Influenza Branch, WHO, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Influenza, Natl Inst Infect Dis, Tokyo, Japan. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Studies Ecol Influenza Anim & B, St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN USA. Univ Lyon 1, F-69365 Lyon, France. Univ Virginia, Sch Med, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Hlth Protect Agcy, London, England. RP Monto, AS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, 109 Observ St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM asmonto@umich.edu RI McKimm-Breschkin, Jennifer/D-1880-2013 FU Medical Research Council [MC_U117512723] NR 34 TC 242 Z9 254 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 50 IS 7 BP 2395 EP 2402 DI 10.1128/AAC.01339-05 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 059GL UT WOS:000238721200016 PM 16801417 ER PT J AU Maloney, EM Unger, ER Tucker, RA Swan, D Karem, K Todd, NW Reeves, WC AF Maloney, Elizabeth M. Unger, Elizabeth R. Tucker, Ruth Ann Swan, David Karem, Kevin Todd, N. Wendell Reeves, William C. TI Longitudinal measures of human papilloimavirus 6 and 11 viral loads and antibody response in children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Papillomavirus Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Vancouver, CANADA ID LARYNGEAL PAPILLOMATOSIS; TYPE-11; EXPERIENCE; ASSAY AB Objectives: To measure human papillomavirus (HPV) 6 and 11 viral load and antibody response in longitudinal specimens obtained from children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and to examine the association of type-specific viral load with clinical severity of disease. Design: Longitudinal pilot study with a median follow-up of 5.4 months. Subjects: The study included 15 children undergoing therapy for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis at the Egleston Children's Hospital, Atlanta, Ga, between January 22, 1999, and June 13, 2000. Main Outcome Measures: The kinetics of HPV-6 and HPV-11 viral load and antibody level were examined over time. Longitudinal HPV-6 and HPV-11 viral loads were analyzed for associations with clinical indicators of disease severity. Results: Four children were infected with HPV-11, 4 were infected with HPV-6, and 7 had mixed infections. The HPV-6 and HPV-11 viral loads were stable over time in most of the children. Among children with mixed infections, HPV-6 viral loads were inversely correlated with those of HPV-11 (r=-0.80, P<.001). The HPV-11 infection was significantly associated with more annual surgical procedures (P=.02). Neither HPV-6 nor HPV-11 viral loads were associated with demographic factors or markers of clinical severity. None of the children had detectable antibodies against HPV-6, and only 3 had detectable antibodies against HPV-11 virallike particles. Conclusions: Our data support the association of HPV-11 infection with clinical severity. Measures of HPV-6 and HPV-11 viral loads are relatively stable over time in most children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, suggesting that multiple samples may not be necessary. Cytobrush samples may substitute for tissue biopsy specimens in HPV detection and typing, but not for absolute viral load determination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maloney, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM evm3@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610-0946 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 132 IS 7 BP 711 EP 715 DI 10.1001/archotol.132.7.711 PG 5 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 062ME UT WOS:000238948400001 PM 16847177 ER PT J AU McCarthy, ML Dikmen, SS Langlois, JA Selassie, AW Gu, JK Horner, MD AF McCarthy, ML Dikmen, SS Langlois, JA Selassie, AW Gu, JK Horner, MD TI Self-reported psychosocial health among adults with traumatic brain injury SO ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE brain injuries; rehabilitation ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; HEAD-INJURY; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SURVEY SF-36; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; DEPRESSION; VALIDITY; 1-YEAR; PRODUCTIVITY; INDIVIDUALS AB Objective: To measure the subjective psychosocial health of a population-based sample of adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Design: Retrospective, cohort study involving a 1-year postinjury interview. Setting: Sixty-two acute care, nonfederal hospitals in South Carolina. Participants: Persons (>= 15y) hospitalized with TBI. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measure: The psychosocial health scales of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey. Results: Of the 7612 participants, 29% reported poor psychosocial health. Factors associated with poor psychosocial well-being included younger age, female sex, Medicaid coverage, no health insurance, inadequate or moderate social support, comorbidities (eg, a preinjury substance abuse problem), cognitive complaints, and some or a lot of limitation with activities of daily living. Only 36% of participants who reported poor psychosocial health reported receiving any mental health services. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of persons hospitalized with TBI reported poor psychosocial health at 1 year postinjury. To optimize recovery, clinicians need to ensure that patients' psychosocial health needs are addressed during the postacute period. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Rehabil Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ralph H Johnson Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Mental Hlth Serv, Charleston, SC USA. RP McCarthy, ML (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, 5801 Smith Ave,Davis Bldg,Ste 3220, Baltimore, MD 21209 USA. EM mmccarth@jhmi.edu FU PHS HHS [U17/CCU421926] NR 76 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 10 U2 17 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0003-9993 J9 ARCH PHYS MED REHAB JI Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 87 IS 7 BP 953 EP 961 DI 10.1016/j.apmr.2006.03.007 PG 9 WC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences SC Rehabilitation; Sport Sciences GA 059MY UT WOS:000238738100011 PM 16813783 ER PT J AU Thomas, KE Annest, JL Gilchrist, J Bixby-Hammett, DM AF Thomas, KE Annest, JL Gilchrist, J Bixby-Hammett, DM TI Non-fatal horse related injuries treated in emergency departments in the United States, 2001-2003 SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC EQUESTRIAN INJURIES; RIDING INJURIES; YOUNG-ADULTS; TRAUMA; HELMETS; ACCIDENTS; CHILDREN; PATTERN; RIDERS AB Objective: To characterise and provide nationally representative estimates of persons with non-fatal horse related injuries treated in American emergency departments. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP) is a stratified probability sample comprising 66 hospitals. Data on injuries treated in these emergency departments are collected and reported. NEISS-AIP data on all types (horseback riding and otherwise) of non-fatal horse related injuries from 2001 to 2003 were analysed. Results: An estimated 102 904 persons with non-fatal horse related injuries (35.7 per 100 000 population) were treated in American emergency departments each year from 2001 to 2003 inclusive. Non-fatal injury rates were higher for females (41.5 per 100 000) than for males (29.8 per 100 000). Most patients were injured while mounted on a horse (66.1%), commonly from falling or being thrown by the horse; while not mounted, injuries most often resulted from being kicked by the horse. The body parts most often injured were the head/neck region (23.2%), lower extremity (22.2%), and upper extremity (21.5%). The most common principal diagnoses were contusions/abrasions (31.4%) and fractures (25.2%). For each year that was studied, an estimated 11 502 people sustained traumatic brain injuries from horse related incidents. Overall, more than 11% of those injured were admitted to hospital. Conclusions: Horse related injuries are a public health concern not just for riders but for anyone in close contact with horses. Prevention programmes should target horseback riders and horse caregivers to promote helmet use and educate participants about horse behaviour, proper handling of horses, and safe riding practices. C1 CDC, OSP, NCIPC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Med Equestrian Assoc Safe Riders Fdn, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Thomas, KE (reprint author), CDC, OSP, NCIPC, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-59, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM KEThomas@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0306-3674 J9 BRIT J SPORT MED JI Br. J. Sports Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 40 IS 7 BP 619 EP 626 DI 10.1136/bjsm.2006.025858 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 056OH UT WOS:000238533800011 PM 16611723 ER PT J AU Corso, PS Lutzker, JR AF Corso, Phaedra S. Lutzker, John R. TI The need for economic analysis in research on child maltreatment SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Editorial Material DE economic analysis; economic evaluation; child maltreatment; prevention; costs; home visitation; effectiveness ID NURSE HOME VISITATION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; FOLLOW-UP; ABUSE; NEGLECT; EXPERIENCES; FAMILIES; PROGRAMS; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIPC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Marcus Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Corso, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCIPC, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 48 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 30 IS 7 BP 727 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.12.006 PG 12 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 070SO UT WOS:000239544400001 PM 16854463 ER PT J AU Rifai, N Ballantyne, CM Cushman, M Levy, D Myers, GL AF Rifai, N Ballantyne, CM Cushman, M Levy, D Myers, GL TI Point - High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and cardiac C-reactive protein assays: Is there a need to differentiate? SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPLICATIONS; DISEASE; RISK C1 Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Vermont, Burlington, ON, Canada. Framingham Heart Dis Epidemiol Study, Framingham, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rifai, N (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM nader.rifai@childrens.harvard.edu NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 52 IS 7 BP 1254 EP 1256 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2006.070904 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 059IF UT WOS:000238725800006 PM 16798964 ER PT J AU Millar, EV O'Brien, KL Watt, JP Bronsdon, MA Dallas, J Whitney, CG Reid, R Santosham, M AF Millar, EV O'Brien, KL Watt, JP Bronsdon, MA Dallas, J Whitney, CG Reid, R Santosham, M TI Effect of community-wide conjugate pneumococcal vaccine use in infancy on nasopharyngeal carriage through 3 years of age: A cross-sectional study in a high-risk population SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; SEROTYPE REPLACEMENT; CHILDREN; REDUCTION; EFFICACY; IMPACT; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION AB Background. A 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( PnCRM7) has been shown to be highly effective in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines also protect against nasopharyngeal carriage of vaccine serotypes, but the duration of protection against nasopharyngeal carriage is not known. Methods. A group-randomized efficacy trial of PnCRM7 ( vaccine serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F) was conducted on the Navajo and White Mountain Apache reservations from April 1997 to October 2000. A group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine was used as the control vaccine. Infants enrolled between 6 weeks and 7 months of age received 3 doses of vaccine 2 months apart and a fourth dose at 12-15 months of age. Vaccinees were enrolled in a nasopharyngeal carriage study from February 2001 to January 2002 to assess the duration of protection against pneumococcal carriage induced by PnCRM7. Results. We included 749 children in the analysis, including 468 children vaccinated with PnCRM7 and 281 children vaccinated with group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine. The median age was 3.3 years ( range, 1-7 years), and the median time since last dose of study vaccine was 27 months ( range, 12-48 months). Frequencies of overall pneumococcal carriage were similar among PnCRM7 and group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine recipients ( 63.9% vs. 60.5%, respectively). The absolute frequency of vaccine-type pneumococcal carriage was lower among PnCRM7 recipients ( 10.3%) than among controls ( 17.1%;). This reduction was offset by P = .01 an increase of nonvaccine-type pneumococcal carriage among PnCRM7 recipients ( 39.2% vs. 29.8%;). P = .01). Conclusion. Community-wide PnCRM7 vaccination in infancy reduces the prevalence of vaccine- type carriage and increases the prevalence of nonvaccine- type carriage through at least 3 years of age. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM klobrien@jhsph.edu NR 33 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1086/504802 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 049PY UT WOS:000238030000002 PM 16758412 ER PT J AU Sofair, AN Lyon, GM Huie-White, S Reiss, E Harrison, LH Sanza, LT Arthington-Skaggs, BA Fridkin, SK AF Sofair, AN Lyon, GM Huie-White, S Reiss, E Harrison, LH Sanza, LT Arthington-Skaggs, BA Fridkin, SK TI Epidemiology of community-onset Candidemia in Connecticut and Maryland SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; PARAPSILOSIS; MORTALITY; STATES; CANDIDIASIS; HOSPITALS AB Background. Almost one-third of patients with bloodstream infections with Candida species ( candidemia) have onset of disease that occurs outside of the hospital or <= 2 days after hospital admission ( i. e., community-onset candidemia). We compared the characteristics of patients who developed candidemia by the timing of onset of infection. Methods. Incident episodes of candidemia were identified through active, population-based surveillance in Connecticut and in Baltimore and Baltimore County, Maryland, during 1 October 1998-30 September 2000. The molecular subtypes of a sample of 45 Candida parapsilosis isolates were evaluated using Southern blots hybridized with the complex probe Cp3-13. Results. Overall, 356 ( 31%) of the 1143 incident episodes of candidemia were classified as community-onset disease ( occurring <= 2 days after hospital admission), and 132 ( 37%) were caused by Candida albicans, 89 ( 25%) were caused by Candida glabrata, 57 ( 16%) were caused by C. parapsilosis, and 53 ( 15%) were caused by Candida tropicalis. Community-onset disease was less likely to be associated with concurrent immunosuppressive therapy, recent surgery, or use of a central venous catheter, compared with inpatient disease. Among patients with community-onset disease, the median time from blood culture to initiation of antifungal treatment was 2.7 days, the 30-day case-fatality rate was 26%, and 262 patients ( 75%) had been hospitalized at least once in the previous 3 months. Although there were few differences between patients with very recent hospitalization ( in the previous 1 month), less recent hospitalization ( previous 1-3 months), and no documented past hospitalization, C. parapsilosis was more frequently associated with community-onset disease as hospitalization became more distant. C. parapsilosis strains tended to be unique to the patient, with little similarity found between strain types, on the basis of epidemiologic classification of patients. Conclusion. We report that community-onset candidemia is common and occurs in patients with extensive contact with the health care system. Disease caused by C. parapsilosis tends to involve unique strains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SFridkin@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 32 EP 39 DI 10.1086/504807 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 049PY UT WOS:000238030000005 PM 16758415 ER PT J AU Brooks, R Woods, CW Benjamin, DK Rosenstein, NE AF Brooks, R Woods, CW Benjamin, DK Rosenstein, NE TI Increased case-fatality rate associated with outbreaks of Neisseria meningitidis infection, compared with sporadic meningococcal disease, in the United States, 1994-2002 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 09-12, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID SEROGROUP-C; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ENGLAND; CLUSTERS; VACCINE; SCHOOL AB Background. Outbreaks of meningococcal disease are infrequent but important public health events. We characterize outbreak-associated cases in the United States and compare them with sporadic disease. Methods. Outbreaks of meningococcal disease that occurred during the period of 1 July 1994 through 30 June 2002 were identified through state health departments, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention records, and a review of newspapers and the medical literature. Cases associated with outbreaks were compared with sporadic cases identified through population-based surveillance. Results. We identified 69 outbreaks of Neisseria meningitidis infection ( median, 9.5 outbreaks per year; range, 3-14 outbreaks per year), which involved 229 patients from 30 states. Forty-three ( 62%) of the outbreaks involved N. meningitidis serogroup C, 17 ( 25%) involved serogroup B, and 9 ( 13%) involved serogroup Y. Twenty-five outbreaks ( 36%) occurred in communities, and 44 ( 64%) were organization based, including 12 that occurred in colleges and universities, 19 that occurred in primary and secondary schools, and 8 that occurred in nursing homes. Vaccination campaigns ( with the A/C/Y/W-135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine) were conducted for 31 outbreaks ( 28 involving serogroup C and 3 involving serogroup Y). After controlling for age, serogroup, and clinical presentation, outbreak-associated cases were associated with a higher case-fatality rate than were sporadic cases ( 21% vs. 11%; odds ratio, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.0-5.5). Conclusions. Outbreaks remain an important but infrequent public health issue, representing < 2% of all cases of meningococcal disease. However, given the increased case-fatality rate found among outbreak- related cases of N. meningitidis infection, additional investigation of factors that favor the transmission and virulence of outbreak-related strains is warranted. C1 Durham VAMC, Infect Dis Serv 113, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Woods, CW (reprint author), Durham VAMC, Infect Dis Serv 113, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM woods004@mc.duke.edu NR 15 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 49 EP 54 DI 10.1086/504804 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 049PY UT WOS:000238030000007 PM 16758417 ER PT J AU Kimura, AC Mead, P Walsh, B Alfano, E Gray, SK Durso, L Humphrey, C Monroe, SS Visvesvera, G Puhr, N Shieh, WJ Eberhard, M Hoekstra, RM Mintz, ED AF Kimura, AC Mead, P Walsh, B Alfano, E Gray, SK Durso, L Humphrey, C Monroe, SS Visvesvera, G Puhr, N Shieh, WJ Eberhard, M Hoekstra, RM Mintz, ED TI A large outbreak of brainerd diarrhea associated with a restaurant in the Red River Valley, Texas SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; RAW-MILK; IDENTIFICATION; PCR; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; PATIENT; REGION; AIDS AB Background. In June 1996, an outbreak of chronic diarrhea was reported to the Texas Department of Health ( Austin). Methods. We initiated active case finding, performed 2 case-control studies, and conducted an extensive laboratory and environmental investigation. Results. We identified 114 persons with diarrhea that lasted >= 4 weeks. Symptoms among 102 patients who were studied included urgency ( 87%), fatigue ( 86%), fecal incontinence ( 74%), and weight loss ( 73%); the median maximum 24-h stool frequency was 15 stools. Diarrhea persisted for > 6 months in 87% and for > 1 year in 70% of patients who were observed. Fifty-one ( 89%) of 57 ill persons had eaten at a particular restaurant within 4 weeks before onset, compared with 8 ( 14%) of 59 matched control subjects ( matched odds ratio [ OR], undefined; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 11.2-infinity). At the restaurant, patients were more likely than their unaffected dining companions to have drunk tap water ( OR, 2.8; 95% CI, 1.0-9.9) and to have eaten several specific food items, and they were less likely to have drunk iced tea made from boiled water and store-bought ice ( OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.05-1.0). A multivariable model that included consumption of tap water and salad bar tomatoes best fit the data. The restaurant had multiple sanitary and plumbing deficiencies. Extensive laboratory and environmental testing for bacterial, parasitic, mycotic, and viral agents did not identify an etiologic agent. Conclusions. The clinical, laboratory, and epidemiologic findings are consistent with those of previous outbreaks of Brainerd diarrhea. To our knowledge, this is the largest reported outbreak of Brainerd diarrhea associated with a restaurant. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. RP Mintz, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM emintz@cdc.gov OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 55 EP 61 DI 10.1086/504805 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 049PY UT WOS:000238030000008 PM 16758418 ER PT J AU Vugia, DJ Abbott, S Mintz, ED Richmond, J Meshulam, S Stokes, K Lindsay, A Tsang, TH AF Vugia, DJ Abbott, S Mintz, ED Richmond, J Meshulam, S Stokes, K Lindsay, A Tsang, TH TI A restaurant-associated outbreak of brainerd diarrhea in California SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC DIARRHEA; RAW-MILK; CAMPYLOBACTER; COLITIS AB In a rare outbreak of Brainerd diarrhea in California, we identified 23 patients, many of whom had diarrhea persisting for >= 6 months. Case-control studies revealed that illness was associated with 1 local restaurant but not with any specific food or beverage. A Campylobacter species was detected in some patients' stool specimens, but its role in the outbreak remains unclear. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Humboldt Cty Publ Hlth Branch, Eureka, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vugia, DJ (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Branch, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy,Bldg P, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM dvugia@dhs.ca.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 62 EP 64 DI 10.1086/504808 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 049PY UT WOS:000238030000009 PM 16758419 ER PT J AU Kohli, R Lo, YT Homel, P Flanigan, TP Gardner, LI Howard, AA Rompalo, AM Moskaleva, G Schuman, P Schoenbaum, EE AF Kohli, R Lo, YT Homel, P Flanigan, TP Gardner, LI Howard, AA Rompalo, AM Moskaleva, G Schuman, P Schoenbaum, EE CA HER Study Grp TI Bacterial pneumonia, HIV therapy, and disease progression among HIV-infected women in the HIV epidemiologic research (HER) study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII-PNEUMONIA; DRUG-USERS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; RISK-FACTORS; PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; AIDS; PROPHYLAXIS; IMPACT AB Background. To determine the rate and predictors of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia and its effect on human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) disease progression in HIV-infected women, we performed a multiple-site, prospective study of HIV-infected women in 4 cities in the United States. Methods. During the period of 1993-2000, we observed 885 HIV-infected and 425 HIV-uninfected women with a history of injection drug use or high-risk sexual behavior. Participants underwent semiannual interviews, and CD4(+) lymphocyte count and viral load were assessed in HIV-infected subjects. Data regarding episodes of bacterial pneumonia were ascertained from medical record reviews. Results. The rate of bacterial pneumonia among 885 HIV-infected women was 8.5 cases per 100 person-years, compared with 0.7 cases per 100 person-years in 425 HIV-uninfected women (). In analyses limited to P < .001 follow-up after 1 January 1996, highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ( TMP-SMX) use were associated with a decreased risk of bacterial pneumonia. Among women who had used TMP-SMX for 12 months, each month of HAART decreased bacterial pneumonia risk by 8% ( adjusted hazard ratio [ HRadj], 0.92; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 0.89-0.95). Increments of 50 CD4+ cells/mm(3) decreased the risk ( HRadj, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.84-0.93), and smoking doubled the risk ( HRadj, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.26-3.55). Bacterial pneumonia increased mortality risk ( HRadj, 5.02; 95% CI, 2.12-11.87), with adjustment for CD4(+) lymphocyte count and duration of HAART and TMP-SMX use. Conclusions. High rates of bacterial pneumonia persist among HIV-infected women. Although HAART and TMP-SMX treatment decreased the risk, bacterial pneumonia was associated with an accelerated progression to death. Interventions that improve HAART utilization and promote smoking cessation among HIV-infected women are warranted. C1 Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, AIDS Res Program, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Schoenbaum, EE (reprint author), Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, AIDS Res Program, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. EM eschoenb@montefiore.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-051519, T32-AI07501] NR 40 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2006 VL 43 IS 1 BP 90 EP 98 DI 10.1086/504871 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 049PY UT WOS:000238030000014 PM 16758423 ER PT J AU Kuo, WH Lawrence, JSS AF Kuo, Wen-Hung Lawrence, Janet S. St. TI Sexual behaviour and self-reported sexually transmitted diseases (STDs): Comparison between White and Chinese American young people SO CULTURE HEALTH & SEXUALITY LA English DT Article DE Chinese-Americans; adolescents; young people; sexual behaviour ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; FAMILY-STRUCTURE; RISK BEHAVIORS; UNITED-STATES; ADOLESCENTS; INTERCOURSE; PREVALENCE; HEALTH AB This study examined the sexual behaviour and self-reported incidence of STDs of White and Chinese American young people in a nationally representative US sample. 10,419 White and 340 self-identified Chinese American young people in grade 7 through 12 were selected from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Prevalence of sex initiation, ever having casual sex partners, number of lifetime sex partners, age of first sexual intercourse, and history of self-reported STD diagnoses were compared between these two groups. Chinese American young people reported significantly lower rates of sexual intercourse than Whites. Among sexually active young people, Chinese Americans were also less likely to report non-regular sexual partners and to report having a lower number of such sexual partners in the past year. There was no difference in self-reported STDs between the two groups. Ever having been romantically involved, older age, not living in a two-parent household, having more relaxed attitudes about sex, and reported substance use were associated with a higher likelihood of sexual intercourse in both groups. Being native-born was not associated with patterns of sexual behaviour among Chinese Americans. C1 Touro Univ Calif, Mare Isl, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kuo, WH (reprint author), 1824 Metzerott Rd,Unit 206, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM wh_kuo@yahoo.com FU NIDA NIH HHS [5T32 DA07233-18] NR 23 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1369-1058 J9 CULT HEALTH SEX JI Cult. Health Sex PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 335 EP 349 DI 10.1080/13691050600784518 PG 15 WC Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 072FF UT WOS:000239658100004 PM 16846942 ER PT J AU Imperatore, G Cheng, YLJ Williams, DE Fulton, J Gregg, EW AF Imperatore, Giuseppina Cheng, Yiling J. Williams, Desmond E. Fulton, Janet Gregg, Edward W. TI Physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, and insulin sensitivity among US adolescents - The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2002 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; OBESE CHILDREN; EXERCISE; RISK; VALIDATION; RESISTANCE; SECRETION; WOMEN; INDEX; YOUTH AB OBJECTIVE - The purpose of this study was to examine the association of physical activity and cardiovascular fitness (CVF) with insulin sensitivity in a nationally representative sample of U.S. youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - The study included 1,783 U.S. adolescents (11% Mexican American, 14% non-Hispanic black, 63% non-Hispanic white, and 12% other) aged 12-19 years who were examined in the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Physical activity was assessed by questionnaire and expressed in units of MET hours per week. Predicted maximal oxygen uptake (Vo(2max), expressed in milliliters per kilogram of body weight per minute), a measure of CVF, was determined by a submaximal multistage treadmill test. Insulin sensitivity was defined by the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index. RESULTS - Boys were more likely than girls to be highly active (>= 30 MET h/week; 51 vs. 37%, P < 0.001) and had higher levels of CVF (mean Vo(2max) 47 vs. 30 ml center dot kg(-1) center dot min(-1), P < 0.001). Sex-specific multiple regression models controlled for age, race/ethnicity, and BMI showed that in boys, high levels of physical activity and high levels of CVF were significantly and positively associated with insulin sensitivity (beta = 0.84, P < 0.001 and beta = 0.82, beta = 0.01, respectively). Among girls, insulin sensitivity was not significantly associated with physical activity or)with CVF but was inversely and significantly associated with BMI. CONCLUSIONS - Increasing physical activity and CVF may have an independent effect of improving insulin sensitivity among boys. For girls, the primary role of physical activity may be in weight maintenance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Imperatore, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gai5@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1567 EP 1572 DI 10.2337/dc06-0426 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 061EM UT WOS:000238854000017 PM 16801580 ER PT J AU Liu, SM Choi, HK Ford, E Song, YQ Klevak, A Buring, JE Manson, JE AF Liu, Simin Choi, Hyon K. Ford, Earl Song, Yiqing Klevak, Anna Buring, Julie E. Manson, JoAnn E. TI A prospective study of dairy intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes in women SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; MILK CONSUMPTION; HEART-DISEASE; VITAMIN-D; CALCIUM; INTERVENTION; MORTALITY AB OBJECTIVE - Although studies have indicated that increased dairy intake may reduce risk of overweight and insulin resistance syndrome, data directly relating dairy intake to type 2 diabetes remain sparse. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We prospectively examined the associations between intake of dairy foods and calcium and incident type 2 diabetes in 37,183 women without a history of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and/or cancer at baseline. RESULTS - During an average of 10 years of follow-up, we documented 1,603 incident cases. After adjusting for potential confounders including BMI, smoking status, physical activity, family history of diabetes, alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, use of hormones, and high cholesterol, the relative risk for type 2 diabetes among women in the highest quintile of dairy intake was 0.79 (95% CI 0.67-0.94; P for trend = 0.007) compared with those in the lowest quintile. Each serving-per-clay increase in dairy intake was associated with a 4% lower risk (0.96[10.93-1-01]). The inverse association with type 2 diabetes appeared to be mainly attributed to low-fat dairy intake; the Multivariate relative risks comparing the highest to the lowest quintiles was 0.79 (0.67-0.93; P for trend = 0.002) for low-fat dairy. The inverse relation between dairy intake and incident type 2 diabetes remained unchanged after further adjustment for dietary calcium, vitamin D, glycemic load, fat, fiber, and magnesium intake. These associations also did not vary significantly according to BMI. CONCLUSIONS - A dietary pattern that incorporates higher low-fat dairy products may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged or older women. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Liu, SM (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, 650 Charles E Young Dr S,71-254 CHS Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM siminliu@ucla.edu RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-47988]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-43851]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK66401, P30 DK040561] NR 19 TC 132 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2006 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1579 EP 1584 DI 10.2337/dc06-0256 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 061EM UT WOS:000238854000019 PM 16801582 ER PT J AU Raney, PM Tenover, FC Carey, RB McGowan, JE Patel, JB AF Raney, Patti M. Tenover, Fred C. Carey, Roberta B. McGowan, John E., Jr. Patel, Jean B. TI Investigation of inducible clindamycin and telithromycin resistance in isolates of beta-hemolytic streptococci SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE erythromycin; D-zone test; streptococci ID MACROLIDE-RESISTANT; ERYTHROMYCIN; STAPHYLOCOCCI; INDUCTION; PYOGENES; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB We evaluated the accuracy of an erythromycin-clindamycin double-disk test (D-zone test) and an erythromycin-telithromycin D-zone test for detection of inducible resistance in isolates of beta-hemolytic streptococci with erythromycin resistance. The results of these tests were compared to results of a broth microdilution (BMD) induction test using combinations of erythromycin and either clindamycin or telithromycin. Of 29 erythromycin-resistant, clindamycin-susceptible isolates, 16 were positive by the erythromycin-clindamycin D-zone test; all of these demonstrated inducible clindamycin resistance by BMD. Twelve isolates were D-zone test negative, did not demonstrate inducible resistance by BMD, and were positive for a mef determinant. Of 39 erythromycin-resistant, telithromycin-susceptible isolates, 13 were erythromycin-telithromycin D-zone test positive, 19 questionably positive (unclear blunting of the zone), and 7 were D-zone test-negative. The erythromycin-telithromycin D-zone test result did not correlate with inducible resistance by BMD or the presence of an erm or mef gene. These results demonstrate that the erythromycin-clindamycin D-zone and BMD induction tests accurately detect inducible clindamycin resistance, but the erythromycin-telithromycin D-zone test is not reliable for detecting inducible telithromycin resistance. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Patel, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jpatel1@cdc.gov RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 55 IS 3 BP 213 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.dragmicrobio.2006.01.013 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 062AP UT WOS:000238917000008 PM 16545937 ER PT J AU O'Connor, SM Taylor, CE Hughes, JM AF O'Connor, Siobhan M. Taylor, Christopher E. Hughes, James M. TI Emerging infectious determinants of chronic diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; B-VIRUS-INFECTION; HEPATITIS-B; CROHNS-DISEASE; STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; CERVICAL-CANCER; RISK AB Evidence now confirms that noncommunicable chronic diseases can stem from infectious agents. Furthermore, at least 13 of 39 recently described infectious agents induce chronic syndromes. Identifying the relationships can affect health across populations, creating opportunities to reduce the impact of chronic disease by preventing or treating infection. As the concept is progressively accepted, advances in laboratory technology and epidemiology facilitate the detection of noncultivable, novel, and even recognized microbial origins. A spectrum of,diverse pathogens and chronic syndromes emerges, with a range of pathways from exposure to chronic illness or disability. Complex systems of changing human behavioral traits superimposed on human, microbial, and environmental factors often determine risk for exposure and chronic outcome. Yet the strength of causal evidence varies widely, and detecting a microbe does not prove causality. Nevertheless, infectious agents likely determine more cancers, immune-mediated syndromes, neurodevelopmental disorders, and other chronic conditions than currently appreciated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP O'Connor, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbo5@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1051 EP 1057 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 058BO UT WOS:000238639400001 PM 16836820 ER PT J AU Sang, R Onyango, C Gachoya, J Mabinda, E Konongoi, S Ofula, V Dunster, L Okoth, F Coldren, R Tesh, R da Rosa, AT Finkbeiner, S Wang, D Crabtree, M Miller, B AF Sang, Rosemary Onyango, Clayton Gachoya, John Mabinda, Ernest Konongoi, Samson Ofula, Victor Dunster, Lee Okoth, Fred Coldren, Rodney Tesh, Robert da Rosa, Amelia Travassos Finkbeiner, Stacy Wang, David Crabtree, Mary Miller, Barry TI Tickborne arbovirus surveillance in market livestock, Nairobi, Kenya SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONGO HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; MOUTH-DISEASE VIRUS; DHORI VIRUS; IXODID TICKS; SOUTH-AFRICA; THOGOTO; BUNYAVIRIDAE; NAIROVIRUS; ISOLATIONS; ANTIBODIES AB To identify tickborne viruses circulating in Kenya and the surrounding region, we conducted surveillance at abattoirs in Nairobi, Kenya. Species of ticks collected included Rhipicephalus pulchellus (56%), Amblyomma gemma (14%), R. appendiculatus (8%), A. variegatum (6%), and others. A total of 56 virus isolates were obtained, 26 from A. gemma, 17 from R. pulchellus, 6 from A. variegatum, and 7 from other species. Virus isolates included Dugbe virus (DUGV), an unknown virus related to DUGV, Thogoto, Bhanja, Kadam, Dhori, Barur, and foot-and-mouth disease (FMDV) viruses. This is the first report of Dhori virus isolation in East Africa and the first known isolation of FMDV associated with tick collection. Our results demonstrate the potential for tickborne dissemination of endemic and emergent viruses and the relevance of A. gemma in the maintenance of tickborne viruses in this region. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. USA, Med Res Unit, Nairobi, Kenya. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Crabtree, M (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. EM mcrabtree@cdc.gov RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [U54 AI057160] NR 40 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1074 EP 1080 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 058BO UT WOS:000238639400004 PM 16836823 ER PT J AU Staples, JE Kubota, KA Chalcraft, LG Mead, PS Petersen, JM AF Staples, JE Kubota, KA Chalcraft, LG Mead, PS Petersen, JM TI Epidemiologic and molecular analysis of human tularemia, United States, 1964-2004 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; SALMONELLA; PULSENET AB Tularemia in the United States is caused by 2 subspecies of Francisella tularensis, subspecies tularensis (type A) and subspecies holarctica (type B). We compared clinical and demographic features of human tularemia cases from 1964 to 2004 from 39 states in which an isolate was recovered and subtyped. Our data indicate that type A and type B infections differ with respect to affected populations, anatomic site of isolation, and geographic distribution. Molecular subtyping with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis further defined 2 subpopulations of type A (type A-east and type A-west) that differ with respect to geographic distribution, disease outcome, and transmission. Our data suggest that type A-west infections are less severe than either type B or type A-east infections. Through a combined epidemiologic and molecular approach to human cases of tularemia, we provide new insights into the disease for future investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM JPetersen@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1113 EP 1118 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 058BO UT WOS:000238639400010 PM 16836829 ER PT J AU Carattoli, A Miriagou, V Bertini, A Loli, A Colinon, C Villa, L Whichard, JM Rossolini, GM AF Carattoli, A Miriagou, V Bertini, A Loli, A Colinon, C Villa, L Whichard, JM Rossolini, GM TI Replicon typing of plasmids encoding resistance to newer beta-lactams SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ITALIAN NATIONWIDE SURVEY; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE; IDENTIFICATION; EMERGENCE; STRAINS; VIM-1 AB Polymerase chain reaction-based replicon typing represents a novel method to describe the dissemination and follow the evolution of resistance plasmids. We used this approach to study 26 epidemiologically unrelated Enterobacteriaceae and demonstrate the dominance of incompatibility (Inc) A/C or Inc N-related plasmids carrying some emerging resistance determinants to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems. C1 Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Inst Pasteur, Athens, Greece. Univ Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Carattoli, A (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM alecara@iss.it NR 15 TC 100 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1145 EP 1148 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 058BO UT WOS:000238639400019 PM 16836838 ER PT J AU Oeltmann, JE Oren, E Haddad, MB Lake, LK Harrington, TA Ijaz, K Narita, M AF Oeltmann, JE Oren, E Haddad, MB Lake, LK Harrington, TA Ijaz, K Narita, M TI Tuberculosis outbreak in marijuana users, Seattle, Washington, 2004 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; INFECTION; CLUSTER AB Matching Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were noted among 11 young tuberculosis patients socially linked through illicit drug-related activities. A large proportion of their friends, 14 (64%) of 22, had positive tuberculin skin-test results. The behavior of "hotboxing" (smoking marijuana inside a closed car with friends to repeatedly inhale exhaled smoke) fueled transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty TB Control Program, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Oeltmann, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jeo3@cdc.gov OI Oren, Eyal/0000-0001-7817-3516 NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1156 EP 1159 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 058BO UT WOS:000238639400022 PM 16836841 ER PT J AU Popovic, T Snider, DE AF Popovic, T Snider, DE TI 60 Years of progress - CDC and infectious diseases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D50, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM txp1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1160 EP 1161 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 058BO UT WOS:000238639400023 PM 16845775 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Fine art and good health for the masses SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 CLifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2006 VL 12 IS 7 BP 1182 EP 1183 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 058BO UT WOS:000238639400037 ER PT J AU Keshava, C Keshava, N Law, BF Weston, A AF Keshava, C. Keshava, N. Law, B. F. Weston, A. TI Transcriptional signatures and potential biomarkers of asphalt fume exposure in rat epithelial cells using DNA microarrays. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Off Res & Dev, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,US Dept Hlth, Morgantown, WV USA. NIOSH, Analyt Serv Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,US Dept HHS, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 418 EP 418 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900079 ER PT J AU John, K Divi, RL Keshava, C Whipkey, DL Poirier, ML Orozco, C Shockley, M Weston, A Nath, J AF John, K. Divi, R. L. Keshava, C. Whipkey, D. L. Poirier, M. C. Orozco, C. Shockley, M. Weston, A. Nath, J. TI Modulation by chlorophyllin of benzo(a)pyrene (BP)-dependent CYP1 induction and DNA adduct formation in normal human mammary cells (NHMECs) and MCF-7 cells. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 426 EP 426 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900104 ER PT J AU Toraason, M Krieg, E Singh, N AF Toraason, M. Krieg, E. Singh, N. TI Impact of logistical variation in sample handling on comet results in human leukocytes. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 434 EP 434 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900135 ER PT J AU Recio, L Kehl, M Winters, J Baldetti, C Richter, P AF Recio, L. Kehl, M. Winters, J. Baldetti, C. Richter, P. TI Multiple-endpoint cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assay of cigarette smoke condensates in mouse L5178Y cells. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 ILS Inc, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 436 EP 436 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900146 ER PT J AU Tucker, JD Kleinerman, R Ha, M Bhatti, P Hauptmann, M Sigurdson, A Sram, RJ Beskid, O Tawn, EJ Whitehouse, C Lindholm, C Kodama, Y Nakamura, N Vorobstova, I Oestreicher, U Stephan, G Yong, L Bauchinger, M Chung, HW Darroudi, F Roy, L Barquinero, J Livingston, G Schmid, E Blakey, D Voisin, P Littlefield, G Edwards, A AF Tucker, J. D. Kleinerman, R. Ha, M. Bhatti, P. Hauptmann, M. Sigurdson, A. Sram, R. J. Beskid, O. Tawn, E. J. Whitehouse, C. Lindholm, C. Kodama, Y. Nakamura, N. Vorobstova, I Oestreicher, U. Stephan, G. Yong, L. Bauchinger, M. Chung, H.-W. Darroudi, F. Roy, L. Barquinero, J. Livingston, G. Schmid, E. Blakey, D. Voisin, P. Littlefield, G. Edwards, A. TI International study of somatic cell translocation frequencies in control populations. SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Environmental-Mutagen-Society CY SEP 16-20, 2006 CL Vancouver, CANADA SP Environm Mutagen Soc C1 Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 45226 USA. NCI, NIH, DHHS, Rockville, MD USA. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Expt Med, Prague, Czech Republic. Hlth Inst Cent Bohemia, Prague, Czech Republic. STUK Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Helsinki, Finland. Radiat Effects Res Fdn, Hiroshima, Japan. Cent Res Inst Roentgenol & Radiol, St Petersburg, 30333, Russia. BfS, Obeschleissheim, Germany. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH K1A 0L2 USA. GSF Natl Res Ctr Environm & Hlth, Neuherberg, Germany. Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. LUMC, Leiden, Netherlands. IRSN, Fontenay Aux Roses, France. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. LMU Munchen, Neuherberg, Germany. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Hlth Protect Agcy, Didcot, Oxon, England. RI Sram, Radim/H-2455-2014; Barquinero, Joan Francesc/L-6487-2014 OI Sram, Radim/0000-0003-4256-3816; Barquinero, Joan Francesc/0000-0003-0084-5268 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0893-6692 J9 ENVIRON MOL MUTAGEN JI Environ. Mol. Mutagen. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 47 IS 6 BP 440 EP 440 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 072BP UT WOS:000239647900159 ER PT J AU Williamson, DM White, MC Poole, C Kleinbaum, D Vogt, R North, K AF Williamson, Dhelia M. White, Mary C. Poole, Charles Kleinbaum, David Vogt, Robert North, Kari TI Evaluation of serum immunoglobulins among individuals living near six superfund sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE community concerns; environmental; exposures; immunoglobulin; Superfund ID DISTRIBUTIONS; EXPOSURE AB Residents living in communities near Superfund sites have expressed concern that releases from these facilities affect their health, including adverse effects on their immune systems. We used data from six cross-sectional studies to evaluate whether people who live near several Superfund sites are more likely to have individual immunoglobulin test results (IgA, IgG, and IgM) below or above the reference range than those who live in comparison areas with no Superfund site. Study participants consisted of target-area residents who lived dose to a Superfund site and comparison-area residents who were not located near any Superfund or hazardous waste sites. A consistent modeling strategy was used across studies to assess the magnitude of the relationship between area of residence and immunoglobulin test results, adjusting for potential confounders and effect modifiers. In all study areas, the results suggest that people who live near a Superfund site may have been more likely to have IgA test results above the reference range than comparison areas residents regardless of modeling strategy employed. The effect measures were larger for residents who lived in communities near military bases with groundwater contamination. For all analyses the wide confidence intervals reflect uncertainty in the magnitude of these effects. To adequately address the question of whether the immune system is affected by low-level exposures to hazardous substances, we recommend that more functional immanotoxicity tests be conducted in human populations where individual exposure information is available or when it can be reasonably estimated from environmental exposure measurements. C1 ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Williamson, DM (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djw8@cdc.gov RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 114 IS 7 BP 1065 EP 1071 DI 10.1289/chp.8946 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 063QR UT WOS:000239035100038 PM 16835060 ER PT J AU Choi, HS Shim, YK Kaye, WE Ryan, PB AF Choi, Hannah S. Shim, Youn K. Kaye, Wendy E. Ryan, P. Barry TI Potential residential exposure to toxics release inventory chemicals during pregnancy and childhood brain cancer SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE air emissions; astrocytoma; brain cancer; children; GIS; PNET; pregnancy; Toxics Release Inventory ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; HAZARDOUS-WASTE SITES; ENVIRONMENTAL EQUITY; LANDFILL SITES; BIRTH-DEFECTS; RISK; TUMORS AB BACKGROUND: Although the susceptibility of the developing fetus to various chemical exposures is well documented, the role of environmental chemicals in childhood brain cancer etiology is not well understood. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate whether mothers of childhood brain cancer cases had greater potential residential exposure to Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) chemicals than control mothers during pregnancy. METHODS: We included 3 82 brain cancer cases diagnosed at < 10 years of age from 1993 through 1997 who were identified from four statewide cancer registries. One-to-one matched controls were selected by random-digit dialing. Computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted. Using residential history of mothers during pregnancy, we measured proximity to TRI facilities and exposure index, including mass and chemicals released. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression to estimate brain cancer risk associated with TRI chemicals. RESULTS: Increased risk was observed for mothers living within 1 mi of a TRI facility (OR = 1.66;95% CI, 1.11-2.48) and living within 1 mi of a facility releasing carcinogens (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.05-2.82) for having children diagnosed with brain cancer before 5 years of age, compared to living > 1 mi from a facility. Taking into account the mass and toxicity of chemical releases, we found a nonsignificant increase in risk (OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 0.67-2.34) comparing those with the lowest versus highest exposure index. CONCLUSIONS: Risk of childhood brain cancers may be associated with living near a TRI facility, however, this is an exploratory study and further studies are needed. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ryan, PB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd,Rm 264, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM bryan@sph.emory.edu RI Ryan, P. Barry/A-7662-2009 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 114 IS 7 BP 1113 EP 1118 DI 10.1289/ehp.9145 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 063QR UT WOS:000239035100045 PM 16835067 ER PT J AU Jain, N Irwin, KL Montano, D Kasprzyk, D Carlin, L Freeman, C Barnes, R Christian, J Wolters, C AF Jain, Nidhi Irwin, Kathleen L. Montano, Daniel Kasprzyk, Danuta Carlin, Linda Freeman, Crystal Barnes, Rheta Christian, Jeanine Wolters, Charles TI Family physicians' knowledge of genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and HPV-related conditions, United States, 2004 SO FAMILY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Scientific Assembly of the American-Academy-of-Family-Physicians CY 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Acad Family Phys AB Background and Objectives: Information about human papillomavirus (HPV) has evolved rapidly and HPV DNA tests are now available. Little is known about family physicians' knowledge about HPV and how it relates to HPV test use and counseling practices. Methods: In mid-2004, confidential surveys were mailed to a nationally representative sample of 760 family physicians. We assessed and analyzed relationships between knowledge about HPV, HPV test use, and counseling messages provided when collecting cervical cytology and managing anogenital warts. Results: The adjusted response rate was 68% (n =368). Ninety-one percent provided cervical cancer screening, and 90% had managedgenital warts. Responses indicated that more than 90% had up-to-date knowledge about several issues: HPV infection is common, persistent infection increases risk of cervical neoplasia, and treatment does not eliminate the causative infection. However fewer than 50% were aware that HPV infections may clear spontaneously and that the HPV types associated with warts and cervical neoplasia differ. Only 57% had ever used HPV tests. Some HPV knowledge varied by clinician characteristics, and knowledge was associated with HPV test use but not counseling messages. Conclusions: Most physicians were aware of new information about HPV infection, but some were unaware of important information relevant for patient counseling. These topics have been highlighted in new clinical training and patient education materials. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. RP Jain, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ncj0@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC TEACHERS FAMILY MEDICINE PI LEAWOOD PA 11400 TOMAHAWK CREEK PARKWAY, STE 540, LEAWOOD, KS 66207 USA SN 0742-3225 J9 FAM MED JI Fam. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 38 IS 7 BP 483 EP 489 PG 7 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 186SI UT WOS:000247798100010 PM 16823673 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Khoury, MJ AF Grosse, Scott D. Khoury, Muin J. TI What is the clinical utility of genetic testing? SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH-BENEFITS; PERSPECTIVE; INFORMATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 113 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 8 IS 7 BP 448 EP 450 DI 10.1097/01.gim.0000227935.26763.c6 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 065ST UT WOS:000239180300008 PM 16845278 ER PT J AU Burke, W Khoury, MJ Stewart, A Zimmern, RL AF Burke, Wylie Khoury, Muin J. Stewart, Alison Zimmern, Ronald L. CA Bellagio Grp TI The path from genome-based research to population health: Development of an international public health genomics network SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CANCER SCREENING PARTICIPATION; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; GENETIC RISK; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MEDICINE; PHARMACOGENETICS; ASSOCIATION; INNOVATIONS; SERVICES C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Strangeways Res Lab, Publ Hlth Genet Unit, Cambridge CB1 4RN, England. RP Burke, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Box 357120,1959 NE Pacific,Room A204, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 47 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 8 IS 7 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1097/01.gim.0000228213.72256.8c PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 065ST UT WOS:000239180300009 PM 16845279 ER PT J AU Fielding, JE Briss, PA AF Fielding, Jonathan E. Briss, Peter A. TI Promoting evidence-based public health policy: Can we have better evidence and more action? SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB Evidence-based approaches (those explicitly linked to the best available scientific evidence and reflecting community preferences and feasibility) are increasingly used to inform health policy decision making on the burden of a disease attributable to particular causes, interventions and policies that might work to confront those causes, and issues of community fit and feasibility. This paper introduces several tools for evidence-based public health: the health impact assessment, the systematic review, and a portfolio for assuring community fit and feasibility. Discussion of these tools serves as a springboard to consider how to better bring scientific evidence to bear on real-life health issues. C1 Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Chair Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Div Hlth Commun & Mkt Strategy, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fielding, JE (reprint author), Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. EM jfielding@ladhs.org NR 24 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 6 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 25 IS 4 BP 969 EP 978 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.25.4.969 PG 10 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 071UR UT WOS:000239629900011 PM 16835176 ER PT J AU Kroll, T Jones, GC Kehn, M Neri, MT AF Kroll, Thilo Jones, Gwyn C. Kehn, Matthew Neri, Melinda T. TI Barriers and strategies affecting the utilisation of primary preventive services for people with physical disabilities: a qualitative inquiry SO HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY LA English DT Article DE access to care; disability; patient-provider communication; preventive services ID MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; HEALTH-CARE; MOBILITY IMPAIRMENTS; MANAGED CARE; WOMEN; ISSUES AB Individuals with physical disabilities are less likely to utilise primary preventive healthcare services than the general population. At the same time they are at greater risk for secondary conditions and as likely as the general population to engage in health risk behaviours. This qualitative exploratory study had two principal objectives: (1) to investigate access barriers to obtaining preventive healthcare services for adults with physical disabilities and (2) to identify strategies to increase access to these services. We conducted five focus group interviews with adults (median age: 46) with various physically disabling conditions. Most participants were male Caucasians residing in Virginia, USA. Study participants reported a variety of barriers that prevented them from receiving the primary preventive services commonly recommended by the US Preventive Services Task Force. We used a health services framework to distinguish structural-environmental (to include inaccessible facilities and examination equipment) or process barriers (to include a lack of disability-related provider knowledge, respect, and skilled assistance during office visits). Participants suggested a range of strategies to address these barriers including disability-specific continuing education for providers, the development of accessible prevention-focused information portals for people with physical disabilities, and consumer self-education, and assertiveness in requesting recommended services. Study findings point to the need for a more responsive healthcare system to effectively meet the primary prevention needs of people with physical disabilities. The authors propose the development of a consumer- and provider-focused resource and information kit that reflects the strategies that were suggested by study participants. C1 Natl Rehabil Hosp, Ctr Hlth & Disabil Res, Div Res, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Univ Dundee, Sch Nursing & Midwifery, Alliance Self Care Res, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kehn, M (reprint author), Natl Rehabil Hosp, Ctr Hlth & Disabil Res, Div Res, 102 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA. EM matthew.e.kehn@medstar.net OI Kroll, Thilo/0000-0003-2082-5117 NR 36 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 2 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0966-0410 J9 HEALTH SOC CARE COMM JI Health Soc. Care Community PD JUL PY 2006 VL 14 IS 4 BP 284 EP 293 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2006.00613.x PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Work GA 067DI UT WOS:000239281500002 PM 16787479 ER PT J AU Wang, SO Lewers, K Bowman, L Ding, M AF Wang, Shiow Lewers, Kimberly Bowman, Linda Ding, Min TI Strawberries inhibit cancer cell proliferation SO HORTSCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 USDA, Fruit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE PI ALEXANDRIA PA 113 S WEST ST, STE 200, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-2851 USA SN 0018-5345 J9 HORTSCIENCE JI Hortscience PD JUL PY 2006 VL 41 IS 4 MA 172 BP 1082 EP 1082 PG 1 WC Horticulture SC Agriculture GA 063UP UT WOS:000239045700627 ER PT J AU Heffelfinger, JD Heckbert, SR Psaty, BM Weiss, NS Thompson, WW Bridges, CB Jackson, LA AF Heffelfinger, James D. Heckbert, Susan R. Psaty, Bruce M. Weiss, Noel S. Thompson, William W. Bridges, Carolyn B. Jackson, Lisa A. TI Influenza vaccination and risk of incident myocardial infarction SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE influenza; vaccination; myocardial infarction ID RECURRENT CORONARY EVENTS; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; FLU VACCINATION; INFECTION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; INFLAMMATION; ASSOCIATION; REDUCTION; THERAPY; DISEASE AB Background: Several studies suggest that influenza vaccination may be associated with a decreased risk of acute cardiovascular events. We examined the association between influenza vaccination and risk of incident myocardial infarction (MI) in persons at least 65 years of age in a population-based case-control study. Methods: Case subjects were members of Group Health Cooperative (GHC), a health maintenance organization, with incident MI during 1992-1998. Control subjects were GHC members without a history of MI who were frequency matched to case subjects by age, sex, calendar year, and presence of treated hypertension. The medical records of 750 case subjects with MI and 1735 controls were reviewed. Results: Receipt of influenza vaccine was not associated with risk of incident MI during the months of November through March (odds ratio [OR]: 0.97, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.75-1.27) or April through September (OR: 0.97, 95% Cl 0.75-1.26). Conclusions: This study does not provide evidence supporting an association of influenza vaccination and reduction in risk of myocardial infarction. C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. RP Heffelfinger, JD (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Mailstop E-46,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM izh7@cdc.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL40628, HL53375, HL43201] NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 2 IS 4 BP 161 EP 166 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA 132YV UT WOS:000243979700003 PM 17012887 ER PT J AU Nowalk, AJ Gilmore, RD Carroll, JA AF Nowalk, AJ Gilmore, RD Carroll, JA TI Serologic proteome analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi membrane-associated proteins SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; OUTER-SURFACE PROTEIN; FACTOR-H-BINDING; UPSTREAM HOMOLOGY BOX; GENE-EXPRESSION; ERP PROTEINS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ANTIGENIC COMPOSITION; IMMUNE-RESPONSE AB Lyme disease, a global health concern, is caused by infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, B. afzelii, or B. garinii. The spirochete responsible for the disease in the United States is B. burgdorferi and is spread by the bite of an infected Ixodes tick. We utilized multiple two-dimensional gel techniques combined with proteomics to reveal the full humoral immune response of mice and Lyme patients to membrane-associated proteins isolated from Borrelia burgdorferi. Our studies indicated that a subset of immunogenic membrane-associated proteins (some fieri new and some previously identified) was recognized by mice experimentally infected with Borrelia burgdorferi either by low-dose needle inoculation or by tick infestation. Moreover, the majority of these immunogenic membrane-associated proteins were recognized by sera from patients diagnosed with early-disseminated Lyme disease. These included RevA, ErpA, ErpP, DbpA, BmpA, FtsZ, ErpB, LA7, OppA 1, OppA 11, OppA IV, FIhF, BBA64, BBA66, and BB0323. Some immunogens (i.e., BB136/38) were more reactive with sera from mice than Lyme patients, while additional membrane proteins (i.e., FlaB, P66, LA7, and Hsp90) were recognized more strongly with sera from patients diagnosed with early-localized, early-disseminated, or late (chronic)-stage Lyme disease. We were able to examine the humoral response in Lyme patients in a temporal fashion and to identify the majority of immunoreactive proteins as the disease progresses from early to late stages. This serologic proteome analysis enabled the identification of novel membrane-associated proteins that may serve as new diagnostic markers and, more importantly, as second-generation vaccine candidates for protection against Lyme disease. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Carroll, JA (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Biochem, W1145 Biomed Sci Tower,200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM jcarroll@mgb.pitt.edu OI Nowalk, Andrew/0000-0002-1374-3167 FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [CI000181, U01 CI000181]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI055178, K22 AI055178]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD042987, T32 HD042987] NR 70 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 74 IS 7 BP 3864 EP 3873 DI 10.1128/IAI.00189-06 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 057JJ UT WOS:000238591800017 PM 16790758 ER PT J AU Warren, DK Cosgrove, SE Diekema, DJ Zuccotti, G Climo, MW Bolon, MK Tokars, JI Noskin, GA Wong, ES Sepkowitz, KA Herwaldt, LA Perl, TM Solomon, SL Fraser, VJ AF Warren, David K. Cosgrove, Sara E. Diekema, Daniel J. Zuccotti, Gianna Climo, Michael W. Bolon, Maureen K. Tokars, Jerome I. Noskin, Gary A. Wong, Edward S. Sepkowitz, Kent A. Herwaldt, Loreen A. Perl, Trish M. Solomon, Steven L. Fraser, Victoria J. CA Prevention Epicenter Program TI A Multicenter intervention to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS; CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; CONTROLLED TRIAL; BACTEREMIA; RISK; IMPACT; COLONIZATION; REPLACEMENT AB BACKGROUND. Education-based interventions can reduce the incidence of catheter-associated bloodstream infection. The generalizability of findings from single-center studies is limited. OBJECTIVE. To assess the effect of a multicenter intervention to prevent catheter-associated bloodstream infections. DESIGN. An observational study with a planned intervention. SETTING. Twelve intensive care units and 1 bone marrow transplantation unit at 6 academic medical centers. PATIENTS. Patients admitted during the study period. INTERVENTION. Updates of written policies, distribution of a 9-page self-study module with accompanying pretest and posttest, didactic lectures, and incorporation into practice of evidence-based guidelines regarding central venous catheter ( CVC) insertion and care. MEASUREMENTS. Standard data collection tools and definitions were used to measure the process of care ( ie, the proportion of non-tunneled catheters inserted into the femoral vein and the condition of the CVC insertion site dressing for both tunneled and nontunneled catheters) and the incidence of catheter-associated bloodstream infection. RESULTS. Between the preintervention period and the postintervention period, the percentage of CVCs inserted into the femoral vein decreased from 12.9% to 9.4% ( relative ratio, 0.73; 95% confidence interval [ CI], 0.61-0.88); the total proportion of catheter insertion site dressings properly dated increased from 26.6% to 34.4% ( relative ratio, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.17-1.42), and the overall rate of catheter-associated bloodstream infections decreased from 11.2 to 8.9 infections per 1,000 catheter-days ( relative rate, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.67-0.93). The effect of the intervention varied among individual units. CONCLUSIONS. An education-based intervention that uses evidence-based practices can be successfully implemented in a diverse group of medical and surgical units and reduce catheter-associated bloodstream infection rates. C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth & Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Dept Internal Med, New York, NY 10021 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Internal Med, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Warren, DK (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. EM dwarren@im.wustl.edu OI Diekema, Daniel/0000-0003-1273-0724; Warren, David/0000-0001-8679-8241 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5K23AI050585-03]; ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU715087-03-CDC]; PHS HHS [UR8/CCU15081, UR8/CCU115079, UR8/CCU215090, UR8/CCU315092, UR8/CCU715091, UR8/CCU315346] NR 33 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 IS 7 BP 662 EP 669 DI 10.1086/506184 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205AC UT WOS:000249084100005 PM 16807839 ER PT J AU Daufenbach, LZ Alves, WA De Azevedo, JB Arduino, MJ Forster, TS Carmo, EH Hatch, DL AF Daufenbach, Luciane Zappelini Alves, Waneska A. De Azevedo, Jaime B. Arduino, Matthew J. Forster, Terri S. Carmo, Eduardo H. Hatch, Douglas L. TI Pyrogenic reactions and hemorrhage associated with intrinsic exposure to endotoxin-contaminated intravenous solutions SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEPSIS AB OBJECTIVE. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine risk factors for adverse reactions among patients in hospitals and the possibility of extrinsic or intrinsic contamination of intravenous solutions. DESIGN. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify solutions associated with adverse reactions. Implicated lots were cultured for bacteria, and endotoxin concentrations were measured. SETTING. Five hospitals in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, were investigated from February through March 2002. PATIENTS. Surgical inpatients or outpatients receiving intravenous solutions during the study period. RESULTS. Of 355 surgical patients or outpatients treated at hospitals, 28 ( 8%) developed illness within a mean of 2.5 hours after exposure to intravenous solutions implicated in adverse reactions; 5 ( 17.9%) of the case patients died. Laboratory testing of bottles from the lots of Ringer's lactate solution implicated in deaths demonstrated a high mean endotoxin concentration of 88.3 endotoxin units ( EU)/mL ( range, 9.7-298.0 EU/mL), compared with the permitted limit in Brazil of < 0.5 EU/mL. Testing of metronidazole implicated in adverse reactions at another hospital and produced by the same company that manufactured the lots Ringer's lactate solution also showed high endotoxin concentrations ( mean level, 8.3 EU/mL [ range, 5.0-58.3 EU/mL]). The outbreak was controlled after a national recall of the implicated brand of intravenous solutions. CONCLUSIONS. Case patient status was associated with use of Ringer's lactate solution and metronidazole from large bottles, both of which were produced by the same company. High endotoxin concentrations were demonstrated in unopened bottles of implicated products, which is consistent with intrinsic contamination. The high mortality rate may have been compounded by the fact that clinicians administered additional volumes of contaminated 0.9% isotonic sodium chloride solution in response to hypotension or bleeding to some surgical patients. No additional case patients were identified after a national recall of products, inspection, closure of the implicated company's manufacturing facility, and establishment of random quality-control testing of intravenous solutions. C1 Minist Hlth, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Minist Hlth, Dept Epidemiol Surveillance, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Dept Sanitary Epidemiol & Surveillance, Recife, PE, Brazil. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Infect Dis, Environm & Applied Microbiol Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Daufenbach, LZ (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. EM luciane.daufenbach@saude.gov.br NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 27 IS 7 BP 735 EP 741 DI 10.1086/504360 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 205AC UT WOS:000249084100016 PM 16807850 ER PT J AU Severini, C Menegon, M Sannella, AR Paglia, MG Narciso, P Matteelli, A Gulletta, M Caramello, P Canta, F Xayavong, MV Moura, INS Pieniazek, NJ Taramelli, D Majori, G AF Severini, C Menegon, M Sannella, AR Paglia, MG Narciso, P Matteelli, A Gulletta, M Caramello, P Canta, F Xayavong, MV Moura, INS Pieniazek, NJ Taramelli, D Majori, G TI Prevalence of pfcrt point mutations and level of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Africa SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; chloroquine resistance; molecular markers; pfcrt point mutations; molecular epidemiology ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; IN-VITRO; ANTIMALARIAL-DRUG; K76T MUTATION; MALARIA; GENE; PFMDR1; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POLYMORPHISMS; SENSITIVITY AB The development in Plasmodium falciparum of the resistance to chloroquine (CQ) constitutes a public health priority, due to its direct influence in childhood mortality. The molecular basis for CQ resistance (CQR) is still unclear but, recently, a new relevant gene, named pfcrt, with several point mutations was identified in P. falciparum. Two mutations, K76T and A220S, have been considered crucial for CQR in further studies, making the pfcrt a good candidate as determinant for CQR in P. falciparum. To contribute to this topic, we have undertaken a molecular screening on 164 P. falciparum isolates from Africa: 120 isolates were Italian imported malaria cases, 27 and 17 isolates were from a school-children survey from Congo and Tanzania, respectively. In vitro tests (pLDH and WHO-Mark III tests) for CQ sensitivity have been also carried out on 28 plasmodial isolates and results compared to those obtained by molecular analysis in the same isolates. The SVIET pfcrt haplotype has been identified in the samples from Congo, and this is the first time that this haplotype is detected in Africa. Our results give further evidence to the reliability of the 76T (and the linked 741-75E) pfcrt point mutation as molecular marker for CQR. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ist Super Sanita, Vector Borne Dis & Int Hlth Sect, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, I-00161 Rome, Italy. IRCCS, Ist Nazl Malattie Infett, Rome, Italy. Univ Brescia, Spedali Civili Hosp, I-25121 Brescia, Italy. Univ Turin, Amedeo Savoia Hosp, I-10124 Turin, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Milan, Ist Microbiol, I-20122 Milan, Italy. RP Severini, C (reprint author), Ist Super Sanita, Vector Borne Dis & Int Hlth Sect, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomediated Dis, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy. EM severini@iss.it RI Matteelli, Alberto/M-8784-2015; SANNELLA, ANNA ROSA/O-2293-2015; SEVERINI, CARLO/C-4977-2016; OI Matteelli, Alberto/0000-0001-5109-9248; SANNELLA, ANNA ROSA/0000-0003-2469-8987; Paglia, Maria Grazia/0000-0002-3469-6216 NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 6 IS 4 BP 262 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2005.07.002 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 059EZ UT WOS:000238717400002 PM 16154388 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Thanh, NTM Olsen, SJ Sivapalasingam, S Trinh, TTM Lan, NTP Hoekstra, RM Bibb, W Minh, NT Danh, TP Cam, PD Mintz, ED AF Gupta, A. Thanh, N. T. My Olsen, S-J. Sivapalasingam, S. Trinh, T. T. My Lan, N. T. Phuong Hoekstra, R. M. Bibb, W. Minh, N. T. Danh, T. P. Cam, P. D. Mintz, E. D. TI Evaluation of community-based serologic screening for identification of chronic Salmonella Typhi carriers in Vietnam SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 103rd General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 18-22, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP Amer Soc Microbiol DE chronic carrier; Salmonella Typhi; typhoid fever; Vietnam; screening; community-based ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; RESTAURANT-ASSOCIATED OUTBREAK; SERUM VI-ANTIBODIES; HEMAGGLUTINATION ASSAY; MEKONG-DELTA; ENDEMIC AREA; FEVER; GALLBLADDER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; GALLSTONES AB Objectives: To determine the utility of screening anti-Vi antibodies to detect chronic Salmonella Typhi carriers in an endemic community. Methods: We conducted a community-based serologic survey for anti-Vi antibodies to identify chronic Salmonella Typhi carriers in a typhoid endemic region in Vietnam. Results: We tested sera from 3209 (67.2%) of 4772 eligible adults. The median age was 37 years (range 20-92), 57.3% were female, 4.6% reported a history of typhoid fever and 0.3% reported typhoid vaccination. Anti-Vi antibody titers tested in Vietnam were < 1:40 in 2759 (86.0%), 1:40 in 194 (6.0%), 1:80 in 168 (5.2%), 1:160 in 57 (1.8%), and >= 1:320 in 31 (1.0%). On re-testing in the USA, an additional 19 sera with titers >= 1:160 were identified. We collected 589 rectal. swabs from 103 (96.3%) of 107 persons with Vi antibody titers >= 1:160 and 183 swabs from 33 persons with antibody titers < 1:80. No Salmonella Typhi was isolated. Conclusions: Community-based serologic screening is a feasible, but impractical method for identifying chronic Salmonella Typhi carriers. Background levels of anti-Vi antibody titers in this endemic area may be high despite a low prevalence of chronic carriers. (c) 2005 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Pasteur, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Cai Lay Dist Hlth Ctr, Cai Lay, Vietnam. Tien Giang Prov Prevent Med Ctr, My Tho, Vietnam. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Gupta, A (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Div Infect Dis, 1830 E Monument St,Room 450E, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. EM agupta25@jhmi.edu NR 41 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1201-9712 EI 1878-3511 J9 INT J INFECT DIS JI Int. J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 10 IS 4 BP 309 EP 314 DI 10.1016/j.ijid.2005.06.005 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 067ZN UT WOS:000239341400011 PM 16412678 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA AF Schulte, Paul A. TI Emerging issues in occupational safety and health SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th World Congress on Safety and Health at Work CY SEP 21, 2005 CL Orlando, FL DE stress; psychosocial; prevention; surveillance; policy ID MENTAL-HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHALLENGES; WORK; 21ST-CENTURY; EMPLOYMENT; SERVICES; DISEASE; EXPLAIN; LABOR AB In developed countries, changes in the nature of work and the workforce may necessitate recalibrating the vision of occupational safety and health (OSH) researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to increase the focus on the most important issues. New methods of organizing the workplace, extensive labor contracting, expansion of service and knowledge sectors, increase in small business, aging and immigrant workers, and the continued existence of traditional hazards in high-risk sectors such as construction, mining, agriculture, health care, and transportation support the need to address: 1) broader consideration of the role and impact of work, 2) relationship between work and psychological dysfunction, 3) increased surveillance basis for research and intervention, 4) overcoming barriers to the conduct and use of epidemiologic research, 5) information and knowledge transfer and application, 6) economic issues in prevention, and 7) the global interconnectedness of OSH. These issues are offered to spur thinking as new national research agendas for OSH are considered for developed countries. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU ABEL PUBLICATION SERVICES PI BURLINGTON PA 1611 AQUINAS COURT, BURLINGTON, NC 27215 USA SN 1077-3525 J9 INT J OCCUP ENV HEAL JI Int. J. Occup. Environ. Health PD JUL-SEP PY 2006 VL 12 IS 3 BP 273 EP 277 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 077QD UT WOS:000240043900013 PM 16967836 ER PT J AU Carvalho, MDS Shewmaker, PL Steigerwalt, AG Morey, RE Sampson, AJ Joyce, K Barrett, TJ Teixeira, LM Facklam, RR AF Carvalho, Maria da Gloria S. Shewmaker, P. Lynn Steigerwalt, Arnold G. Morey, Roger E. Sampson, A. J. Joyce, Kevin Barrett, Timothy J. Teixeira, Lucia M. Facklam, Richard R. TI Enterococcus caccae sp nov., isolated from human stools SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; RELATEDNESS; FAECIUM AB The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) isolated two enterococcus-like strains that were referred to the CDC Streptococcus Laboratory for further identification. The isolates were recovered from human stool samples collected on different occasions from the same individual in Portland (OR, USA) in July 2000. Conventional physiological tests distinguished these strains from all known species of enterococci. Analyses of whole-cell-protein electrophoretic profiles showed the same unique profile for the two isolates, being most similar those of Enterococcus moraviensis and Enterococcus haemoperoxidus albeit not close enough to allow conclusive inclusion in any enterococcal species. Both isolates gave positive results in tests using the AccuProbe Enterococcus genetic probe, and Lancefield extracts reacted with CDC group D antiserum. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies also revealed that these strains were closely related to the species E moraviensis (99-6% identity). The results of DNA-DNA relatedness experiments confirmed that these strains represented a single novel taxon. The highest level of DNA-DNA relatedness found between the novel taxon and any of the currently recognized species of Enterococcus was 32%, for both E moraviensis and E haemoperoxidus. On the basis of this evidence, it is proposed that these stool isolates constitute a novel species, for which the name Enterococcus caccae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2215-02(T) (= SS-1777(T) = ATCC BAA-1240(T) = CCUG 51564(T)). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Carvalho, MDS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop C-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MCarvalho@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 56 BP 1505 EP 1508 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.64103-0 PN 7 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 068IF UT WOS:000239366200007 ER PT J AU Mugisha, B Bock, N Mermin, J Odeke, RM Miller, B Adatu-Engwau, F Granich, R Bunnell, R AF Mugisha, B Bock, N Mermin, J Odeke, RM Miller, B Adatu-Engwau, F Granich, R Bunnell, R TI Tuberculosis case finding and preventive therapy in an HIV voluntary counseling and testing center in Uganda SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis preventive therapy; tuberculosis case detection; HIV; health services ID BURDEN AB SETTING: A large, urban human immunodeficiency virus (HFV) voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center in Kampala, Uganda. OBJECTIVE: Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Intensified TB case finding and use of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for latent infection reduces the burden of TB, but few programs have been implemented due to concerns about feasibility. DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation of a TB case finding and IPT program. RESULTS: Over a 25-month period, 6305 patients newly diagnosed with HIV infection underwent evaluation: 293 (5%) had TB disease; 1955 (37%) patients were not eligible for preventive therapy because they lived > 20 km away, had advanced HIV disease, or had previously had TB. Of 3366 who had a tuberculin skin test (TST) placed, 2548 (76%) had the TST read; 894 (35%) of these were positive. Of 506 persons who started treatment, 335 (66%) completed it. CONCLUSION: This unique program was feasible, detected a high proportion of undiagnosed T`B, and successfully treated persons with latent infection. Expanding access to HIV VCT as well as collaboration between HIV/AIDS and TB programs can increase the proportion of HIV-infected persons who can benefit from these programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. AIDS Informat Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda. Natl TB & Leprosy Program, Kampala, Uganda. RP Bock, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM neb2@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 10 IS 7 BP 761 EP 767 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 059FJ UT WOS:000238718400010 PM 16848338 ER PT J AU Bower, WA Culver, DH Castor, D Wu, YF James, VN Zheng, HQ Hammer, S Kuhnert, WL Williams, IT Bell, BP Vlahov, D Dezzutti, CS AF Bower, WA Culver, DH Castor, D Wu, YF James, VN Zheng, HQ Hammer, S Kuhnert, WL Williams, IT Bell, BP Vlahov, D Dezzutti, CS TI Changes in hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load and interferon-alpha levels in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 30-OCT 03, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE hepatitis C virus; HIV/AIDS; coinfection; HAART; viral load; hepatotoxicity; interferon-alpha ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; LIVER-DISEASE; HIV-INFECTION; HEPATOTOXICITY; REPLICATION; MORTALITY; PREVALENCE; VIREMIA AB Background: Reports are mixed as to whether highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) increases liver transaminase levels or hepatitis C virus (HCV) titers in HIV/HCV-coinfected individuals. It is hypothesized that increases in HCV RNA titers may result from changes in endogenous interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) production. Methods: HIV/HCV-coinfected patients receiving HAART were tested at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 months for liver transaminase levels. HIV and HCV viral loads, and IFN-alpha. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the effect of HAART on liver transaminase levels, HCV viral load, and IFN-alpha. Results: Initiating HAART did not increase liver transaminase levels in majority of cases. In patients (n = 30) with baseline HIV titer > 10,000 copies/mL, HCV titers increased 0.69 log(10) and IFN-a decreased -0.96 log(10) during HAART, in association with a >= 0.5 log(10) decrease in HIV titer. As HIV titers reached their nadir approximately 4 months after initiation of HAART, HCV titers remained 0.54 log(10) and IFN-alpha -0.71 log(10) above and below baseline levels, respectively. HCV titers and IFN-a levels did not change from baseline in patientswith baseline HIV titer <= 10,000 copies/mL. Conclusions: Coinfected patients did not have evidence of hepatoxicity HAART. In patients with baseline HIV titer > 10,000 copies/mL, Suppression of HIV replication by HAART was associated with an increase in HCV titer and a decrease in endogenous IFN-alpha levels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Bower, WA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, MS G37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wab4@cdc.gov FU NIDA NIH HHS [DA 12809] NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUL PY 2006 VL 42 IS 3 BP 293 EP 297 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000221689.77220.42 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 059XZ UT WOS:000238766800005 PM 16763522 ER PT J AU Rose, CE Martin, SW Wannemuehler, KA Plikaytis, BD AF Rose, C. E. Martin, S. W. Wannemuehler, K. A. Plikaytis, B. D. TI On the use of zero-inflated and Hurdle models for modeling vaccine adverse event count data SO JOURNAL OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE excess zeroes; Hurdle model; Negative Binomial; Poisson; vaccine adverse events; zero-inflated model ID LIKELIHOOD RATIO TESTS; POISSON REGRESSION; HEALTH-INSURANCE AB We compared several modeling strategies for vaccine adverse event count data in which the data are characterized by excess zeroes and heteroskedasticity. Count data are routinely modeled using Poisson and Negative Binomial ( NB) regression but zero-inflated and hurdle models may be advantageous in this setting. Here we compared the fit of the Poisson, Negative Binomial ( NB), zero-inflated Poisson ( ZIP), zero-inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB), Poisson Hurdle (PH), and Negative Binomial Hurdle (NBH) models. In general, for public health studies, we may conceptualize zero-inflated models as allowing zeroes to arise from at-risk and not-at-risk populations. In contrast, hurdle models may be conceptualized as having zeroes only from an at-risk population. Our results illustrate, for our data, that the ZINB and NBH models are preferred but these models are indistinguishable with respect to fit. Choosing between the zero-inflated and hurdle modeling framework, assuming Poisson and NB models are inadequate because of excess zeroes, should generally be based on the study design and purpose. If the study's purpose is inference then modeling framework should be considered. For example, if the study design leads to count endpoints with both structural and sample zeroes then generally the zero-inflated modeling framework is more appropriate, while in contrast, if the endpoint of interest, by design, only exhibits sample zeroes ( e. g., at risk participants) then the hurdle model framework is generally preferred. Conversely, if the study's primary purpose it is to develop a prediction model then both the zero-inflated and hurdle modeling frameworks should be adequate. C1 CDC, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat Off, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rose, CE (reprint author), CDC, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Mailstop C-09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cvr7@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1054-3406 J9 J BIOPHARM STAT JI J. Biopharm. Stat. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 463 EP 481 DI 10.1080/10543400600719384 PG 19 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Statistics & Probability SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Mathematics GA 067BR UT WOS:000239276100007 PM 16892908 ER PT J AU Davis, XM Waller, LA Haber, M AF Davis, X. M. Waller, L. A. Haber, M. TI Estimating vaccine efficacy from outbreak size household data in the presence of heterogeneous transmission probabilities SO JOURNAL OF BIOPHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian methods; household data; infectious diseases; random effects models; transmission models; vaccine efficacy for infectiousness; vaccine efficacy for susceptibility ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE DATA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PARAMETERS; REDUCTION; INFERENCE AB We develop a Bayesian approach for estimating vaccine efficacy for susceptibility (VES) and infectiousness (VEI) using outbreak size household data. Our method allows for heterogeneity in transmission probabilities due to factors that are related to individuals' characteristics, such as age, in addition to vaccination status. It also allows for between-household heterogeneity in transmission probabilities due to random effects associated with households, such as genetic or environmental effects. Using age as a potential covariate causing heterogeneity in individuals' transmission probabilities in households consisting of adults and children, we present the results of a simulation study designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimators of VES and VEI. We found that estimates of VEI have larger bias and variance compared to those of VES. We also use the approach to compare two vaccination designs: one vaccinating both adults and children, the other only children. Simulations reveal that the design that vaccinates both adults and children provides better estimates of VES. There is no obvious difference between the two designs in the performance of the estimates of VEI. In regard to random effects between households and the scenarios considered, models that do not account for between-households heterogeneity produce fairly robust estimates even when household-level random effects are present. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Haber, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mhaber@sph.emory.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1054-3406 J9 J BIOPHARM STAT JI J. Biopharm. Stat. PD JUL-AUG PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 499 EP 516 DI 10.1080/10543400600719467 PG 18 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Statistics & Probability SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Mathematics GA 067BR UT WOS:000239276100009 PM 16892910 ER PT J AU Braverman, LE Pearce, EN He, XM Pino, S Seeley, M Beck, B Magnani, B Blount, BC Firek, A AF Braverman, Lewis E. Pearce, Elizabeth N. He, Xuemei Pino, Sam Seeley, Mara Beck, Barbara Magnani, Barbarajean Blount, Benjamin C. Firek, Anthony TI Effects of six months of daily low-dose perchlorate exposure on thyroid function in healthy volunteers SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE; AMMONIUM-PERCHLORATE; LONG-TERM; CONTAMINATION; THIOCYANATE; INHIBITION AB Context: Perchlorate has been detected in U. S. drinking water supplies at levels ranging from 4 to 200 mu g/liter as well as in agricultural products. Perchlorate is known to be a competitive inhibitor of iodine uptake by the thyroid through the sodium-iodide symporter. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether prolonged exposure (6 months) to low levels of perchlorate would perturb thyroid function. Design: This was a prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial. Participants: The study population consisted of 13 healthy volunteers. Intervention: Interventions included placebo vs. 0.5 mg or 3.0 mg potassium perchlorate daily. Main Outcome Measures: Serum thyroid function tests, 24-h radioactive iodine uptake, serum thyroglobulin (Tg), urinary iodine and perchlorate, and serum perchlorate were measured. Results: Mean urinary perchlorate value during ingestion of 0.5 mg perchlorate daily was 332.7 +/- 66.1 mu g per 24 h or 248.5 +/- 64.5 mu g/g creatinine and mean values for the four subjects who received 3 mg perchlorate daily were 2079.5 +/- 430.0 mu g per 24 h or 1941.7 +/- 138.5 mu g/g creatinine. There was no significant change in the thyroid (123)I uptakes during perchlorate administration. There were no significant changes in serum T(3), free T(4) index, TSH, or Tg concentrations during the exposure period, compared to baseline or postexposure values. Urine iodine values for the 3-mg perchlorate group were higher, but not significantly so, at baseline than during perchlorate exposure. Conclusions: We observed that a 6-month exposure to perchlorate at doses up to 3 mg/d had no effect on thyroid function, including inhibition of thyroid iodide uptake as well as serum levels of thyroid hormones, TSH, and Tg. C1 Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Gradient Corp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Jerry L Pettis Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, Loma Linda, CA 92357 USA. RP Braverman, LE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Med Ctr, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, 88 E Newton St,Evans 201, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM lewis.braverman@bmc.org OI Braverman, Lewis/0000-0003-1263-1099 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [5K23DK464611] NR 21 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 9 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 91 IS 7 BP 2721 EP 2724 DI 10.1210/jc.2006-0184 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 060ZI UT WOS:000238840600043 PM 16636123 ER PT J AU Caoili, JC Mayorova, A Sikes, D Hickman, L Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TM AF Caoili, Janice C. Mayorova, Angelina Sikes, David Hickman, Laura Plikaytis, Bonnie B. Shinnick, Thomas M. TI Evaluation of the TB-Biochip oligonucleotide microarray system for rapid detection of rifampin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DRUG-RESISTANCE; RPOB MUTATIONS; ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION; HYBRIDIZATION; STRAINS; PCR AB The TB-Biochip oligonucleotide microarray system is a rapid system to detect mutations associated with rifampin (RIF) resistance in mycobacteria. After optimizing the system with 29 laboratory-generated rifampin-resistant mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we evaluated the performance of this test using 75 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With this small sample set, the TB-Biochip system displayed a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100% relative to conventional drug susceptibility testing results for RIF resistance. For these samples (similar to 50% tested positive), the positive predictive value was 100% and the negative predictive value was 85%. Four of the seven observed discrepancies were attributed to rare and new mutations not represented in the microarray, while three of the strains with discrepant results did not carry mutations in the RIF resistance-determining region. The results of this study confirm the utility of the system for rapid detection of RIF resistance and suggest approaches to increasing its sensitivity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shinnick, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycobacteriol Lab Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop G35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tms1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 30 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 2378 EP 2381 DI 10.1128/JCM.00439-06 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 065JY UT WOS:000239157400010 PM 16825352 ER PT J AU Tavares, M da Costa, JMC Carpenter, SS Santos, LA Afonso, C Aguiar, A Pereira, J Cardoso, AI Schuster, FL Yagi, S Sriram, R Visvesvara, GS AF Tavares, Marta Correia da Costa, Jose M. Carpenter, S. Stirling Santos, L. A. Afonso, Caldas Aguiar, Alvaro Pereira, Josue Cardoso, Ana Isabel Schuster, Frederick L. Yagi, Shigeo Sriram, Rama Visvesvara, Govinda S. TI Diagnosis of first case of Balamuthia amoebic encephalitis in Portugal by immunofluorescence and PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; MANDRILLARIS MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; OPPORTUNISTIC AMEBAS; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; PATIENT AB We report here the first Portuguese case of acute fatal granulomatous encephalitis attributed to Balamuthia mandrillaris, initially thought to be a brain tumor, which had a progressive and fatal outcome. Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living amoeba recognized as an uncommon agent of granulomatous encephalitis. Infections have been identified in immunocompromised hosts and in immunocompetent pediatric patients. Balamuthia infections are very rare, with only two reported cases in Europe. The case presented here occurred in a previously healthy boy who died 5 weeks after the onset of the symptoms. No evidence of immunological deficiency was noted, and testing for human immunodeficiency virus antibodies was negative. The symptoms were initially thought to be the result of a tumor, but histopathologic examination showed evidence of amoebic infection. Immunofluorecence staining of brain tissue identified B. mandrillaris as the infectious agent. The diagnosis was confirmed with PCR by detecting Balamuthia DNA in formalin-fixed brain tissue sections. Despite initiation of empirical antimicrobial therapy for balamuthiasis, the patient died 3 weeks after being admitted to the hospital. No source of infection was readily apparent. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hosp Sao Joao, Dept Pediat, Oporto, Portugal. INSA, Ctr Parasite Immunol & Biol, Oporto, Portugal. Hosp Sao Joao, Dept Pathol, Oporto, Portugal. Hosp Sao Joao, Dept Neurosurg, Oporto, Portugal. Publ Hlth Serv, Povoa Do Varzim, Portugal. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, MS-F-36,Cahmblee Campus,Blddg 109, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gsv1@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 44 IS 7 BP 2660 EP 2663 DI 10.1128/JCM.00479-06 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 065JY UT WOS:000239157400067 PM 16825409 ER PT J AU Li, Y Olson, VA Laue, T Laker, MT Damon, IK AF Li, Y Olson, VA Laue, T Laker, MT Damon, IK TI Detection of monkeypox virus with real-time PCR assays SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Orthopoxvirus; Monkeypox virus (MPXV); real-time PCR; diagnostic ID ORTHOPOXVIRUS; INFECTION; SMALLPOX; CONGO; DNA; DIFFERENTIATION; IDENTIFICATION; SYSTEM; GENE AB Background: Human monkeypox, a zoonotic disease, was first reported outside of Africa during the 2003 US outbreak. Objectives: We present two real-time PCR assays critical for laboratory diagnosis of monkeypox during the 2003 US outbreak. Study design: A TaqMan-based assay (E9L-NVAR) targets the orthopoxvirus DNA polymerase gene and detects Eurasian orthopoxviruses other than Variola. A hybridization assay, utilizing a MGB Eclipse (TM) (Epoch Biosciences) probe, targets an envelope protein gene (B6R) and specifically detects monkeypox virus (MPXV). Assays were validated using coded orthopoxvirus DNA samples and used to evaluate lesion samples from five confirmed US monkeypox cases. Results: E9L-NVAR did not detect variola (48 strains), North American orthopoxviruses (2), or DNA derived from non-poxviral rash illnesses. The assay reproducibly identified various concentrations of 13 Eurasian orthopoxvirus strains and was sensitive to 12.5 vaccinia genomes. The B6R assay recognized 15 different MPXV strains, while other orthopoxvirus (9) and bacteria (15) strains did not cross-react. Of the 13 human samples tested from confirmed cases, both assays identified 100% as containing MPXV DNA. Conclusions: E9L-NVAR and B6R assays demonstrate 100% specificity for non-variola Eurasian orthopoxvirus and MPXV, respectively. Using two discrete viral gene targets, these assays together provide a reliable and sensitive method for quickly confirming monkeypox infections. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Robert Koch Inst, Artus Biotech, Berlin, Germany. RP Damon, IK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, Mail Stop G-43,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM iad7@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 IS 3 BP 194 EP 203 DI 10.1016/j.jcv.2006.03.012 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 060AE UT WOS:000238772600006 PM 16731033 ER PT J AU Araujo, A Yokosawa, J Spelbring, J Tzaneva, V Kamili, S Krawczynski, K Fields, H Khudyakov, Y AF Araujo, A. Yokosawa, J. Spelbring, J. Tzaneva, V. Kamili, S. Krawczynski, K. Fields, H. Khudyakov, Y. TI Expansion of HBVS gene heterogeneity in chimpanzees after experimental inoculation with HBV sT126N mutant SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S6 EP S6 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80028-4 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300019 ER PT J AU Bialek, SR Armstrong, GL Bower, WA Patel, PR Chaine, JP Helgenberger, L Goldstein, ST Williams, IT AF Bialek, S. R. Armstrong, G. L. Bower, W. A. Patel, P. R. Chaine, J. P. Helgenberger, L. Goldstein, S. T. Williams, I. T. TI Impact of routine childhood hepatitis B immunization programs in eliminating hepatitis B virus transmission in the Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Dept Hlth Educ & Social Affairs, Natl Immunizat Program, Ponape, Micronesia. Pacific Isl Hlth Officers Assoc, Reg Epidemiol, Ponape, Micronesia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S169 EP S169 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80525-1 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300515 ER PT J AU Buffington, J Murray, P Schlanger, K Shih, L Badsgard, T Hennessy, R Wood, R Weisfuse, I Gunn, R AF Buffington, J. Murray, P. Schlanger, K. Shih, L. Badsgard, T. Hennessy, R. Wood, R. Weisfuse, I. Gunn, R. TI Low prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in men who have sex with men who do not report a history of injection drug use SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy San Diego Cty, San Diego, CA USA. Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD, New York, NY USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, HIV AIDS Control Program, Seattle, WA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S201 EP S202 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80627-X PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300617 ER PT J AU Choi, YH Kasper, H Dienes, H Krawczynski, K AF Choi, Y. H. Kasper, H. Dienes, H. Krawczynski, K. TI Apoptosis in acute and chronic experimental HCV infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cologne, Inst Pathol, D-5000 Cologne, Germany. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S127 EP S127 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80393-8 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300384 ER PT J AU Finelli, L Wasley, A Bell, BP AF Finelli, L. Wasley, A. Bell, B. P. TI Incidence of acute hepatitis B in the USA, 1990-2005 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Epidemiol Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S13 EP S14 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80051-X PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300042 ER PT J AU Gallagher, KM George, P Bell, B Finelli, L AF Gallagher, K. M. George, P. Bell, B. Finelli, L. TI Surveillance for chronic hepatitis C virus infection in the USA: 2003-2005 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S207 EP S207 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80644-X PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300634 ER PT J AU Krawczynski, K AF Krawczynski, K. TI Elements of pathogenesis and natural history of HEV infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Expt Pathol Lab, DVH, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S1 EP S1 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80014-4 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300005 ER PT J AU Lara, J Gao, FX Xia, G Nainan, O Khudyakov, Y AF Lara, J. Gao, F. X. Xia, G. Nainan, O. Khudyakov, Y. TI Bayesian networks for evaluation of dependencies between epidemiological, virological and molecular features of the hepatitis C virus infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S119 EP S119 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80369-0 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300360 ER PT J AU Perz, JF Openo, K Ahmed, F Bell, BR AF Perz, J. F. Openo, K. Ahmed, F. Bell, B. R. TI Trends in mortality from liver cancer in the USA, 1993-2002 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S178 EP S178 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80556-1 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300546 ER PT J AU Purdy, MA Gonzales, AC Dimitrova, Z Khudyakov, Y AF Purdy, M. A. Gonzales, A. C. Dimitrova, Z. Khudyakov, Y. TI Classification of hepatitis B virus genotypes into higher-order genetic groups SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 CDC, DVH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Loma Linda Univ, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S12 EP S13 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80048-X PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300039 ER PT J AU Ramachandran, S Chai, F Xia Alter, M Williams, I Khudyakov, Y Nainan, O AF Ramachandran, S. Chai, F. Xia Alter, M. Williams, I. Khudyakov, Y. Nainan, O. TI Temporal patterns of hepatitis C virus quasispecies in chronically infected patients SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S117 EP S117 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80362-8 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300353 ER PT J AU Victor, JC Monto, AS Surdina, TY Suleimenova, SZ Favorov, MO Bell, BP AF Victor, J. C. Monto, A. S. Surdina, T. Y. Suleimenova, S. Z. Favorov, M. O. Bell, B. P. TI The relative efficacy of hepatitis A vaccine versus immune globulin for postexposure prophylaxis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Republ Sanit Epidemiol Stn, Off Director, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S166 EP S167 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80517-2 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300507 ER PT J AU Vogt, TM Wise, M Bell, BP Finelli, L AF Vogt, T. M. Wise, M. Bell, B. P. Finelli, L. TI Trends in hepatitis A mortality in the USA, 1983-2002 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S196 EP S196 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80610-4 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300600 ER PT J AU Wasley, A Finelli, L Bell, B Alter, M AF Wasley, A. Finelli, L. Bell, B. Alter, M. TI The knowledge and behaviors of HCV-infected persons identified in a seroprevalence survey, USA, 2001-2002 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. PD JUL PY 2006 VL 36 SU 2 BP S198 EP S199 DI 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)80618-9 PG 2 WC Virology SC Virology GA 064CR UT WOS:000239067300608 ER PT J AU Williams, IT Boaz, K Openo, K Avent, K Bedell, M Gill, J Homan, H Bihl, I Stinson, D Bell, BP Alter, MJ AF Williams, I. T. Boaz, K. Openo, K. Avent, K. Bedell, M. Gill, J. Homan, H. Bihl, I. Stinson, D. Bell, B. P. Alter, M. J. TI Incidence and risk factors for hepatitis C in the USA, 1982-2004: the role of injection drug use SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Disease CY JUL 01-05, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Pan-Amer Soc Clin Virol, European Soc Clin Virol C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Jefferson Co Dept Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Denver Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Pinellas Co Dept Publ Hlth, St Petersburg, FL USA. Multnomah Co Dept Publ Hlth, Portland, OR USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Tacoma Pierce Dept Publ Hlth, Tacoma, WA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1386-6532 J9 J CLIN VIROL JI J. Clin. Virol. 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