FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Harris, C Ayala, C Dai, S Croft, JB AF Harris, C Ayala, C Dai, S Croft, JB CA CDC TI Disparities in deaths from stroke among persons aged < 75 years - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 477-481, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harris, C (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 20 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 3 BP 299 EP 300 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 946YL UT WOS:000230609100009 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Ajani, UA Mokdad, AH AF Ford, ES Ajani, UA Mokdad, AH TI Brief communication: The prevalence of high intake of vitamin E from the use of supplements among US adults SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; GAMMA-TOCOPHEROL; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; METAANALYSIS; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; HUMANS; TRIAL AB Background: People who consume at least 400 IU of vitamin E per day from supplements may be at slightly increased risk for premature mortality. Objective: To estimate the percentage of U.S. adults age 20 years or older who consume at least 400 IU of vitamin E per day through the use of vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. Design: Cross-sectional analysis. Setting: The 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Patients: Representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population. Measurements: Participants answered questions about the use of vitamins, minerals, or other dietary supplements. Results: Among 4609 adults, 11.3% (95% CI, 9.7% to 13.1%) consumed at least 400 IU of vitamin E per day from supplements. Such intake increased with age, was about equal for men and women, and was more common among white persons (14.1%; CI, 11.9% to 16.7%) than African-American (3.7% [CI, 2.6% to 5.2%]) or Mexican-American persons (3.9% [CI, 2.8% to 5.4%]). The median dietary intake of vitamin E was 8.8 IU per day. Limitations: information about vitamin E intake was self-reported. Conclusions: The use of vitamin E supplements in dosages of at least 400 IU per day is common among U.S. adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 470 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUL 19 PY 2005 VL 143 IS 2 BP 116 EP 120 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 946YG UT WOS:000230608600004 PM 16027453 ER PT J AU Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M Feikin, DR Painter, J Billhimer, W Altaf, A Hoekstra, RM AF Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M Feikin, DR Painter, J Billhimer, W Altaf, A Hoekstra, RM TI Effect of handwashing on child health: a randomised controlled trial SO LANCET LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; RISK-FACTORS; INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; DAY-CARE; INFECTIONS; PNEUMONIA; DIARRHEA; ILLNESS; TRANSMISSION AB Background More than 3.5 million children aged less than 5 years die from diarrhoea and acute lower respiratory-tract infection every year. We undertook a randomised controlled trial to assess the effect of handwashing promotion with soap on the incidence of acute respiratory infection, impetigo, and diarrhoea. Methods In adjoining squatter settlements in Karachi, Pakistan, we randomly assigned 25 neighbourhoods to handwashing promotion; 11 neighbourhoods (306 households) were randomised as controls. In neighbourhoods with handwashing promotion, 300 households each were assigned to antibacterial soap containing 1.2% triclocarban and to plain soap. Fieldworkers visited households weekly for 1 year to encourage handwashing by residents in soap households and to record symptoms in all households. Primary study outcomes were diarrhoea, impetigo, and acute respiratory-tract infections (ie, the number of new episodes of illness per person-weeks at risk). Pneumonia was defined according to the WHO clinical case definition. Analysis was by intention to treat. Findings Children younger than 5 years in households that received plain soap and handwashing promotion had a 50% lower incidence of pneumonia than controls (95% Cl -65% to -34%). Also compared with controls, children younger than 15 years in households with plain soap had a 53% lower incidence of diarrhoea (-65% to -41%) and a 34% lower incidence of impetigo (-52% to -16%). Incidence of disease did not differ significantly between households given plain soap compared with those given antibacterial soap. Interpretation Handwashing with soap prevents the two clinical syndromes that cause the largest number of childhood deaths globally-namely, diarrhoea and acute lower respiratory infections. Handwashing with daily bathing also prevents impetigo. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Oriented Prevent Educ, Karachi, Pakistan. Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Luby, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sluby@icddrb.org NR 40 TC 277 Z9 293 U1 3 U2 29 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 16 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9481 BP 225 EP 233 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66912-7 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 945RG UT WOS:000230519200031 PM 16023513 ER PT J AU Duerr, A Hurst, S Kourtis, AP Rutenberg, N Jamieson, DJ AF Duerr, A Hurst, S Kourtis, AP Rutenberg, N Jamieson, DJ TI Integrating family planning and prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in resource-limited settings SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTION; MORTALITY; WOMEN; CARE C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Populat Council, Washington, DC USA. RP Duerr, A (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, LE 500,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. EM aduerr@hvtn.org NR 22 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 16 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9481 BP 261 EP 263 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66917-6 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 945RG UT WOS:000230519200036 PM 16023518 ER PT J AU Hidron, AI Kourbatova, EV Halvosa, JS Terrell, BJ McDougal, LK Tenover, FC Blumberg, HM King, MD AF Hidron, AI Kourbatova, EV Halvosa, JS Terrell, BJ McDougal, LK Tenover, FC Blumberg, HM King, MD TI Risk factors for colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in patients admitted to an urban hospital: Emergence of community-associated MRSA nasal carriage SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; ADMISSION; PREVALENCE; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION AB Background. Surveillance cultures performed at hospital admission have been recommended to identify patients colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) but require substantial resources. We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for MRSA colonization at the time of hospital admission among patients cared for at a public urban hospital. Methods. Anterior nares cultures were obtained within 48 h after admission during a 1-month period. A case-control study and molecular typing studies were performed. Results. A total of 53 (7.3%) of 726 patients had a nares culture positive for MRSA, and 119 (16.4%) had a nares culture that was positive for methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. In multivariate analysis, risk factors for MRSA colonization included antibiotic use within 3 months before admission (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2 - 5.0), hospitalization during the past 12 months (OR, 4.0; 95% CI, 2.0 - 8.2), diagnosis of skin or soft-tissue infection at admission (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.5 - 7.9), and HIV infection. A total of 47 (89%) of 53 case patients colonized with MRSA had at least 1 of these independent risk factors, in contrast to 343 (51%) of 673 control patients (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 3.2 - 17.9). Molecular typing demonstrated that 16 (30%) of 53 MRSA nares isolates (2.2% of the 726 isolates) belonged to the USA300 community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) genotype. Conclusion. The prevalence of MRSA colonization at the time of patient admission was high (17%). Limiting surveillance cultures to patients with >= 1 of the identified risk factors may allow for targeted screening. The emergence of CA-MRSA colonization represents a new, unrecognized reservoir of MRSA within hospitals, potentially increasing the risk for horizontal transmission. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blumberg, HM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, 49 Jesse Hill Dr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. EM henry.m.blumberg@emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [K12 RR017643]; NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI054371] NR 32 TC 195 Z9 203 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 159 EP 166 DI 10.1086/430910 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 936YF UT WOS:000229890800003 PM 15983910 ER PT J AU Crawford, C Kainer, M Jernigan, D Banerjee, S Friedman, C Ahmed, F Archibald, LK AF Crawford, C Kainer, M Jernigan, D Banerjee, S Friedman, C Ahmed, F Archibald, LK TI Investigation of postoperative allograft-associated infections in patients who underwent musculoskeletal allograft implantation SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TISSUE ALLOGRAFTS; TENDON AB Background. The rate at which allografts are used in surgical procedures has doubled in the United States during the past decade. In 2002, one outpatient surgical center (SC-X) identified a cluster of surgical site infections (SSIs) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstructive surgery (ACLRS). Therefore, we conducted an investigation to determine the extent of the outbreak and to identify risk factors. Methods. Our investigation included retrospective cohort and observational studies. A case patient was defined as any patient who acquired a SSI after undergoing ACLRS at SC-X between February 2000 and June 2002 ( the study period). Data collected included demographic characteristics, clinical information, and graft details, such as processing method (i.e., aseptic or sterile). Results. Of 331 patients who underwent ACLRS during the study period, 11 (3.3%) met the case definition. All infections occurred at the tibial fixation site of the graft and involved 8 different microorganisms; the median time to a positive culture result was 55 days after ACLRS. The infection rate for patients who received aseptically processed allografts was 4.4% ( 11 of 250 patients), compared with 0% ( 0 of 81) for patients who received autografts or sterile allografts (P = .07). Use of a supplementary staple for tibial fixation, compared with other fixation methods that did not involve such staples, increased the risk of infection 10-fold in univariate analysis (relative risk [RR], 10.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0 - 32.9) and 9-fold when controlling for tissue processing method (RR, 9.0; 95% CI, 2.8 - 28.8). Conclusions. The use of sterile allograft tissue appears to be associated with a significant reduction in the risk of postoperative infection, particularly in the presence of adjunctive fixation. Larger clinical studies are necessary to confirm this observation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), 11621 Res Circle,POB 2650, Alachua, FL 32616 USA. EM Larchibald@rtix.com NR 14 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 195 EP 200 DI 10.1086/430911 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 936YF UT WOS:000229890800008 PM 15983915 ER PT J AU Munsiff, SS AF Munsiff, SS TI How late after injection can a tuberculin skin test be interpreted? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Munsiff, SS (reprint author), NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 225 Broadway,22nd Flr,CN72B, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM smunsiff@health.nyc.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 2 BP 271 EP 271 DI 10.1086/431298 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 936YF UT WOS:000229890800025 PM 15983932 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Levine, OS AF Butler, JC Levine, OS TI The changing landscape of epidemic bacterial meningitis in Africa: New opportunities for prevention SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INVASIVE PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; DOUBLE-BLIND; ADULTS; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS C1 CDC, Arct Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), CDC, Arct Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jbutler@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 2 BP 189 EP 191 DI 10.1086/431154 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 943WX UT WOS:000230387300001 PM 15962212 ER PT J AU Blackard, JT Smeaton, L Hiasa, Y Horiike, N Onji, M Jamieson, DJ Rodriguez, I Mayer, KH Chung, RT AF Blackard, JT Smeaton, L Hiasa, Y Horiike, N Onji, M Jamieson, DJ Rodriguez, I Mayer, KH Chung, RT TI Detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in serum and peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected persons SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-for-the-Study-of-Liver-Diseases (AASLD) CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2004 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Assoc Study Liver Dis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ALPHA-2A PLUS RIBAVIRIN; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; NEGATIVE-STRAND RNA; EXTRAHEPATIC REPLICATION; IN-VITRO; INTERFERON THERAPY; VIRAL REPLICATION; HUMAN MACROPHAGES AB It has been speculated that hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicates in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), which, therefore, may be a site for interaction with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We used strand-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect HCV RNA in 28 HCV-monoinfected and 20 HIV/HCV coinfected women. At the first visit, positive-strand HCV RNA was detected in serum samples from 89% of the women, whereas positive-strand HCV RNA was detected in PBMC samples from 32% and 55% of the HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected women, respectively. After initiation of antiretroviral therapy, the HIV/HCV-coinfected women were significantly more likely to have detectable positive-and negative-strand HCV RNA in the PBMC compartment than were the HCV-monoinfected women. HIV and HCV RNA levels were not correlated. Serum HCV RNA levels were correlated over time; HCV RNA levels in the serum and PBMC compartments were not. These data suggest differential regulation of HCV RNA in the serum and PBMC compartments and may partially explain the limited HCV antiviral response rates observed in coinfected persons. C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Gastrointestinal Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Biostat AIDS Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Brown Univ, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ehime Univ, Dept Internal Med 3, Sch Med, Matsuyama, Ehime 790, Japan. RP Chung, RT (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Gastrointestinal Unit, GRJ 825, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM rtchung@partners.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30-AI42851]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU106795] NR 43 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 2 BP 258 EP 265 DI 10.1086/430949 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 943WX UT WOS:000230387300009 PM 15962220 ER PT J AU Belay, ED Erdman, DD Anderson, LJ Peret, TCT Schrag, SJ Fields, BS Burns, JC Schonberger, LB AF Belay, ED Erdman, DD Anderson, LJ Peret, TCT Schrag, SJ Fields, BS Burns, JC Schonberger, LB TI Kawasaki disease and human coronavirus SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID ASSOCIATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ebelay@cdc.gov RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013; Burns, Jane/J-6167-2015 NR 4 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 2 BP 352 EP 353 DI 10.1086/431609 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 943WX UT WOS:000230387300023 PM 15962234 ER PT J AU Monkkonen, P Pai, P Maynard, A Lehtinen, KEJ Hameri, K Rechkemmer, P Ramachandran, G Prasad, B Kulmala, M AF Monkkonen, P Pai, P Maynard, A Lehtinen, KEJ Hameri, K Rechkemmer, P Ramachandran, G Prasad, B Kulmala, M TI Fine particle number and mass concentration measurements in urban Indian households SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE number concentration; mass concentration; urban aerosols; indoor aerosols; India ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; PARTICULATE MATTER; AIR-POLLUTION; INDOOR AIR; NEW-DELHI; ENVIRONMENT; GAS AB Fine particle number concentration (D-p > 10 nm, cm(-3)), mass concentrations (approximation of mu g(2.5), Pg m(-3)) and indoor/ outdoor number concentration ratio (I/O) measurements have been conducted for the first time in 11 urban households in India, 2002. The results indicate remarkable high indoor number and mass concentrations and I/O number concentration ratios caused by cooking. Besides cooking stoves that used liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) or kerosene as the main fuel, high indoor concentrations can be explained by poor ventilation systems. Particle number concentrations of more than 300,000 cm(-3) and mass concentrations of more than 1000 mu g m(-3) were detected in some cases. When the number and mass concentrations during cooking times were statistically compared, a correlation coefficient r > 0.50 was observed in 63% of the households. Some households used other fuels like wood and dung cakes along with the main fuel, but also other living activities influenced the concentrations. In some areas, outdoor combustion processes had a negative impact on indoor air quality. The maximum concentrations observed in most cases were due to indoor combustion sources. Reduction of exposure risk and health effects caused by poor indoor air in urban Indian households is possible by improving indoor ventilation and reducing penetration of outdoor particles. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Univ Mysore, Visvavidyanilaya Karya Soudha, Mysore 570005, Karnataka, India. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Environm & Occupat Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki 00250, Finland. RP Monkkonen, P (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, POB 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM petteri.monkkonen@helsinki.fi RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016; OI Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825; Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128; Hameri, Kaarle/0000-0003-2667-2174 NR 20 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 347 IS 1-3 BP 131 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.023 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 959XS UT WOS:000231553400012 PM 16084974 ER PT J AU Cadwell, BL Smith, PJ Baughman, AL AF Cadwell, BL Smith, PJ Baughman, AL TI Methods for capture-recapture analysis when cases lack personal identifiers SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE capture-recapture; matching algorithm; bootstrap; percentile interval ID RECORD SYSTEMS ESTIMATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMPLETENESS; LINKAGE AB Methods for estimating the size of a closed population from a capture-recapture study require the availability of unique identifiers on each of two lists. These identifiers are used to identify the number of individuals appearing on both lists. When the number of individuals appearing on both lists cannot be determined with certainty from the data. matching between the lists is problematic. In this paper, we develop a weighted estimator to account for all possible matches between two lists. A bootstrap procedure is proposed for estimation. To illustrate the methods, we used two lists that recorded New York State (NYS) hospitalizations due to pertussis in 1996 to estimate the number of persons hospitalized for pertussis in NYS that year. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, NCCDPHP, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cadwell, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, NCCDPHP, Div Diabet Translat, MS K-10,3470 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bcadwell@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD JUL 15 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 13 BP 2041 EP 2051 DI 10.1002/sim.2081 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 938JR UT WOS:000229996400007 PM 15816012 ER PT J AU FitzSimons, D Francois, G Hall, A McMahon, B Meheus, A Zanetti, A Duval, B Jilg, W Bocher, WO Lu, SN Akarca, U Lavanchy, D Goldstein, S Banatvala, J Van Damme, P AF FitzSimons, D Francois, G Hall, A McMahon, B Meheus, A Zanetti, A Duval, B Jilg, W Bocher, WO Lu, SN Akarca, U Lavanchy, D Goldstein, S Banatvala, J Van Damme, P TI Long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine, booster policy, and impact of hepatitis B virus mutants SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B; vaccine; long-term efficacy; booster policy; HBV mutants; vaccination programmes ID 15-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; PROSPECTIVE RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PLASMA-DERIVED VACCINE; INDUCED ESCAPE MUTANT; DNA YEAST VACCINE; ANTI-HBS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; EXPANDED PROGRAM; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; MASS VACCINATION AB The long-term efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine, long-term effectiveness of hepatitis B immunisation programmes, immune memory induced by hepatitis B vaccine, current booster policies, and impact of hepatitis B virus mutants on immunisation programmes were reviewed at the Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board (VHPB) meeting in Sevilla, Spain, March 2004. The main focus was on universal vaccination programmes with data being presented from Italy, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Spain, Taiwan, Thailand, The Gambia, and USA (Alaska). (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Antwerp, WHO,Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Control Viral Hepatit, Viral Hepatitis Prevent Board, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Unit Infect Dis Epidemiol, London WC1E 7HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Hepatitis Program, Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Hepatitis Program, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Milan, Inst Virol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Inst Natl Sante Publ Quebec, Grp Sci Immunisat, Beauport, PQ G1E 7G9, Canada. Univ Regensburg, Inst Med Mikrobiol & Hyg, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany. Univ Mainz, Med Klin & Poliklin 1, D-55131 Mainz, Germany. Kaohsiung Chang Gung Mem Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan. Ege Univ, Fac Med, Dept Gastroenterol, Izmir, Turkey. WHO, Dept Commun Dis Surveillance & Response, Global Alert & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepapitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Guys Kings & St Thomas Sch Med & Dent, Div Infect, London, England. RP Francois, G (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, WHO,Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Collaborating Ctr Prevent & Control Viral Hepatit, Viral Hepatitis Prevent Board, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Antwerp, Belgium. EM guido.francois@ua.ac.be RI van damme, pierre/I-4846-2013 NR 71 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD JUL 14 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 32 BP 4158 EP 4166 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.03.017 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 943EB UT WOS:000230334000009 PM 15964484 ER PT J AU Trosclair, A Caraballo, R Malarcher, A Husten, C Pechacek, T AF Trosclair, A Caraballo, R Malarcher, A Husten, C Pechacek, T CA CDC TI Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 509-513, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Trosclair, A (reprint author), CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 2 BP 172 EP 173 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 944DO UT WOS:000230406100009 ER PT J AU Wasley, A Samandari, T Bell, BP AF Wasley, A Samandari, T Bell, BP TI Incidence of hepatitis A in the United States in the era of vaccination SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRATEGIES; OUTBREAK AB Context In the United States, hepatitis A is a frequently reported vaccine-preventable disease. Vaccination has been recommended for persons at increased risk since 1996. In 1999, it was recommended that children living in 11 states with the highest incidence of hepatitis A be routinely vaccinated, and that children living in 6 additional states, with incidence above the national average, be considered for routine vaccination. Objective To assess impact of the current vaccination strategy by evaluating trends in reported cases of hepatitis A since implementation. Design, Setting, and Cases A longitudinal analysis of characteristics of cases of hepatitis A reported in the United States since 1990 to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Main Outcome Measure Incidence rates of reported cases of hepatitis A. Incidence rates in 2003 were compared with those for the prevaccination baseline period (1990-1997) overall and in the 17 states in which children should be routinely vaccinated or considered for routine vaccination (vaccinating states). Incidence rates in vaccinating states were also compared with those in the remaining states where there is no recommendation for statewide vaccination of children (nonvaccinating states). Results Between the baseline period (1990-1997) and 2003, overall hepatitis A rates declined 76% to 2.6 per 100 000, significantly lower than previous nadirs in 1983 (9.2/ 100000) and 1992 (9.1/100000). The rate in vaccinating states declined 88% to 2.5 per 100000 compared with 53% elsewhere (to 2.7/100 000). In 2003, cases from vaccinating states accounted for 33% of the national total vs 65% during the baseline period. Declines were greater among children aged 2 to 18 years (87%) than among persons older than age 18 years (69%); the proportion of cases in children dropped from 35% to 19%. Since 2001, rates in adults have been higher than among children, with the highest rates now among men aged 25 through 39 years. Conclusions Following implementation of routine hepatitis A vaccination of children, hepatitis A rates have declined to historic lows, accompanied by substantial changes in the epidemiologic profile. Greater decreases in the age groups and regions where routine vaccination of children is recommended likely reflect the results of implementation of this novel vaccination strategy. Continued monitoring is needed to verify that implementation continues to proceed and that low rates are sustained. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wasley, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM awasley@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 127 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 13 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 2 BP 194 EP 201 DI 10.1001/jama.294.2.194 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 944DO UT WOS:000230406100023 PM 16014593 ER PT J AU Cardis, E Vrijheid, M Blettner, M Gilbert, E Hakama, M Hill, C Howe, G Kaldor, J Muirhead, CR Schubauer-Berigan, M Yoshimura, T AF Cardis, E Vrijheid, M Blettner, M Gilbert, E Hakama, M Hill, C Howe, G Kaldor, J Muirhead, CR Schubauer-Berigan, M Yoshimura, T CA Int Study Grp TI Risk of cancer after low doses of ionising radiation - retrospective cohort study in 15 countries SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; SMOKING; WORKERS; ENERGY; RATES AB Objectives To provide direct estimates of risk of cancer after protracted low doses of ionising radiation and to strengthen the scientific basis of radiation protection standards for environmental, occupational, and medical diagnostic exposures. Design Multinational retrospective cohort study of cancer mortality. Setting Cohorts of workers in the nuclear industry in 15 countries. Participants 407 391 workers individually monitored for external radiation with a total follow-up of 5.2 million person years. Main outcome measurements Estimates of excess relative risks per sievert (Sv) of radiation dose for mortality from cancers other than leukaemia and from leukaemia excluding chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, the main causes of death considered by radiation protection authorities. Results The excess relative risk for cancers other than leukaemia was 0.97 per Sv, 95% confidence interval 0.14 to 1.97. Analyses of causes of death related or unrelated to smoking indicate that, although confounding by smoking may be present, it is unlikely to explain all of this increased risk. The excess relative risk for leukaemia excluding chronic lymphocytic leukaemia was 1.93 per Sv (< 0 to 8.47). On the basis of these estimates, 1-2% of deaths from cancer among workers in this cohort may be attributable to radiation. Conclusions These estimates, from the largest study of nuclear workers ever conducted, are higher than, but statistically compatible with, the risk estimates used for current radiation protection standards. The results suggest that there is a small excess risk of cancer, even at the low doses and dose rates typically received by nuclear workers in this study. C1 Int Agcy Res Canc, Radiat Grp, F-69372 Lyon, France. Univ Mainz, Inst Med Biostat Epidemiol & Informat, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. NCI, Radiat Epidemiol Branch, Div Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Tampere, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland. Inst Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Natl Ctr HIV Epidemiol & Clin Res, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Hlth Protect Agcy, Radiat Protect Div, Didcot, Oxon, England. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Fukuoka Inst Hlth & Environm Sci, Fukuoka, Japan. RP Cardis, E (reprint author), Int Agcy Res Canc, Radiat Grp, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon, France. EM cardis@iarc.fr RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009; Ahn, Yoon-Ok/J-5530-2012; Kaldor, John /D-4545-2011; Gulis, Gabriel/E-4505-2013; Cardis, Elisabeth/C-3904-2017; Vrijheid, M/H-2702-2014 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X; Vrijheid, M/0000-0002-7090-1758 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU011778] NR 22 TC 286 Z9 305 U1 4 U2 30 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JUL 9 PY 2005 VL 331 IS 7508 BP 77 EP 80B DI 10.1136/bmj.38499.599861.E0 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 945XR UT WOS:000230536800013 PM 15987704 ER PT J AU Webb, R Currier, M Weir, J McNeill, KM Bancroft, E Dassey, D Maynard, J Terashita, D Simeonsson, K Chelminski, A Engel, J Perz, JF Fiore, AE Williams, IT Bell, BP Harrington, T Wheeler, C AF Webb, R Currier, M Weir, J McNeill, KM Bancroft, E Dassey, D Maynard, J Terashita, D Simeonsson, K Chelminski, A Engel, J Perz, JF Fiore, AE Williams, IT Bell, BP Harrington, T Wheeler, C CA CDC TI Transmission of hepatitis B virus among persons undergoing blood glucose monitoring in long-term-care facilities - Mississippi, North Carolina, and Los Angeles County, California, 2003-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 220-223, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Webb, R (reprint author), Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUL 6 PY 2005 VL 294 IS 1 BP 35 EP 38 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 941JD UT WOS:000230210200007 ER PT J AU Beck, JD Eke, P Heiss, G Madianos, P Couper, D Lin, DM Moss, K Elter, J Offenbacher, S AF Beck, JD Eke, P Heiss, G Madianos, P Couper, D Lin, DM Moss, K Elter, J Offenbacher, S TI Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease - A reappraisal of the exposure SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE antibodies; coronary disease; epidemiology; risk factors; smoking ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SERUM ANTIBODY; PORPHYROMONAS-GINGIVALIS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; DENTAL INFECTIONS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK; VASCULAR-DISEASE; ORAL HEALTH; TOOTH LOSS; ASSOCIATION AB Background - Results from studies relating periodontal disease to cardiovascular disease have been mixed. Residual confounding by smoking and use of clinical measures of periodontal disease rather than measures of infection have been 2 major criticisms. The aims of this study were to investigate relationships between prevalent coronary heart disease (CHD) and 2 exposures, ( 1) clinical periodontal disease and ( 2) IgG antibodies to 17 oral organisms, and to evaluate the role of smoking in these relationships. Methods and Results - Our study is based on a subset of participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities ( ARIC) Study, who received a complete periodontal examination during visit 4 ( 1996 - 1998). The exposures were periodontal status and serum IgG antibody levels against 17 periodontal organisms, and the outcome was prevalent CHD at visit 4. Multivariable analyses indicate that periodontal status is not significantly associated with CHD in either ever smokers or never smokers. Similar analyses evaluating antibodies indicate that high antibodies ( above the median) to Treponema denticola (odds ratio [OR] = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.3), Prevotella intermedia ( OR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.0), Capnocytophaga ochracea ( OR = 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.1), and Veillonella parvula ( OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.3) are significantly associated with CHD among ever smokers, whereas Prevotella nigrescens ( OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.6), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans ( OR = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.7), and Capnocytophaga ochracea ( OR = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 3.0) were associated with CHD among never smokers. Conclusions - Clinical signs of periodontal disease were not associated with CHD, whereas systemic antibody response was associated with CHD in ever smokers and never smokers. These findings indicate that the quality and quantity of the host response to oral bacteria may be an exposure more relevant to systemic atherothrombotic coronary events than clinical measures. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Dent Ecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Periodontol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Athens, Athens, Greece. RP Beck, JD (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Dent Ecol, CB 7450, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM James_Beck@unc.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55022]; NIDCR NIH HHS [R01-DE11551] NR 51 TC 194 Z9 207 U1 2 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JUL 5 PY 2005 VL 112 IS 1 BP 19 EP 24 DI 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.511998 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 941IW UT WOS:000230209500006 PM 15983248 ER PT J AU Williams, BG Granich, R Chauhan, LS Dharmshaktu, NS Dye, C AF Williams, BG Granich, R Chauhan, LS Dharmshaktu, NS Dye, C TI The impact of HIV/AIDS on the control of tuberculosis in India SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE millenium development; goals; infectious disease control; dynamical simulation model ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; ANNUAL RISK; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; ZONE; TRANSMISSION; PROSPECTS; EPIDEMICS; ABIDJAN AB Epidemics of HIV/AIDS have increased the tuberculosis (TB) case-load by five or more times in East Africa and southern Africa. As HIV continues to spread, warnings have been issued of disastrous AIDS and TB epidemics in "new-wave" countries, including India, which accounts for 20% of all new TB cases arising in the world each year. Here we investigate whether, in the face of the HIV epidemic, India's Revised National TB Control Program (RNTCP) could halve TB prevalence and death rates in the period 1990-2015, as specified by the United Nations Millennium Development Goals. Using a mathematical model to capture the spatial and temporal variation in TB and HIV in India, we predict that, without the RNTCP, HIV would increase TB prevalence (by 1%), incidence (by 12%), and mortality rates (by 33%) between 1990 and 2015. With the RNTCP, however, we expect substantial reductions in prevalence (by 68%), incidence (by 41%), and mortality (by 39%) between 1990 and 2015. In India, 29% of adults but 72% of HIV-positive adults live in four large states in the south where, even with the RNTCP, mortality is expected to fall by only 15% between 1990 and 2015. Nationally, the RNTCP should be able to reverse the increases in TB burden due to HIV but, to ensure that TB mortality is reduced by 50% or more by 2015, HIV-infected TB patients should be provided with antiretroviral therapy in addition to the recommended treatment for TB. C1 World Hlth Org, CH-1212 Geneva, Switzerland. Off World Hlth Org Representat India, New Delhi 11011, India. Ctr Dis Control, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth & Family Welf, New Delhi 11011, India. Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Natl AIDS Control Org, New Delhi 11011, India. RP Dye, C (reprint author), World Hlth Org, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1212 Geneva, Switzerland. EM dyec@who.int NR 44 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 10 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JUL 5 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 27 BP 9619 EP 9624 DI 10.1073/pnas.0501615102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 944DN UT WOS:000230406000033 PM 15976029 ER PT J AU Glass, RI Steele, AD AF Glass, RI Steele, AD TI The value of cholera vaccines reassessed SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID VACCINATION; BANGLADESH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. World Hlth Org, Initiat Vaccine Res, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rglass@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 2 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9479 BP 7 EP 9 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05) PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 942JB UT WOS:000230277600006 PM 15993211 ER PT J AU Shakarishvili, A Dubovskaya, LK Zohrabyan, LS St Lawrence, JS Aral, SO Dugasheva, LG Okan, SA Lewis, JS Parker, KA Ryan, CA AF Shakarishvili, A Dubovskaya, LK Zohrabyan, LS St Lawrence, JS Aral, SO Dugasheva, LG Okan, SA Lewis, JS Parker, KA Ryan, CA CA LIBRA Project Investigation Team TI Sex work, drug use, HIV infection, and spread of sexually transmitted infections in Moscow, Russian Federation SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB Rates of HIV-1 infection are growing rapidly, and the epidemic of sexually transmitted infections is continuing at an alarming rate, in the Russian Federation. We did a cross-sectional study of sexually transmitted infections, HIV infection, and drug use in street youth at a juvenile detention facility, adults at homeless detention centres, and women and men at a remand Centre in Moscow. 160 (79%) women at the remand Centre were sex workers. 91 (51%) homeless women had syphilis. At least one bacterial sexually transmitted infection was present in 97 (58%) female juvenile detainees, 120 (64%) women at the remand Centre, and 133 (75%) homeless women. HIV seroprevalence was high in women at the remand Centre (n=7 [4%]), adolescent male detainees (5 [3%]), and homeless women (4 [2%]). In view of the interaction between sexually transmitted infections and HIV infection, these findings of high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections show that these disenfranchised populations have the potential to make a disproportionately high contribution to the explosive growth of the HIV epidemic unless interventions targeting these groups are implemented in the Russian Federation. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Russian Assoc Prevent STIs Sanam, Moscow, Russia. Sechenov Moscow Med Acad, Moscow, Russia. RP Shakarishvili, A (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM afsg@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUL 2 PY 2005 VL 366 IS 9479 BP 57 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66828-6 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 942JB UT WOS:000230277600035 PM 15993234 ER PT J AU Caldwell, KL Makhmudov, A Jones, RL Hollowell, JG AF Caldwell, KL Makhmudov, A Jones, RL Hollowell, JG TI EQUIP: a worldwide program to ensure the quality of urinary iodine procedures SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE urinary iodine; iodine deficiency disorders; laboratory testing; ICP-MS; laboratory proficiency; laboratory methods ID DEFICIENCY; DISORDERS AB In 2001 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) established a program, Ensuring the Quality of Urinary Iodine Procedures (EQUIP); to assist laboratories around the world and assess the accuracy of their urinary iodine (UI). CDC designed EQUIP to issue unknown specimens to participating laboratories three times per year. Each laboratory was asked to analyze unknown samples in duplicate on three different days. During the first five rounds of EQUIP, 41 laboratories participated, measuring unknown samples and reporting their results to CDC. CDC used these results to prepare a statistical report for the laboratories. Feedback to the laboratories provided external confirmation regarding performance. As a group, laboratory performance improved; several laboratories made considerable improvement. Several laboratories that showed no improvement have ordered new equipment or are arranging for additional training. EQUIP is a key tool used to support laboratory quality assurance in an effort to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in the world. C1 CDC, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. RP Caldwell, KL (reprint author), CDC, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop F18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM klc7@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; Makhmudov, Amir/B-6114-2009 NR 9 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 10 IS 7 BP 356 EP 361 DI 10.1007/s00769-005-0003-x PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 980CF UT WOS:000232990800006 ER PT J AU Bird, AJ AF Bird, AJ TI Use of numerical calculations to simulate the sampling efficiency performance of a personal aerosol sampler SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE PARTICLES; CALM-AIR; BLUNT; DUST; BODY; FLOW; INLET AB Numerical calculations were conducted to simulate air and particle behavior near and into the inlet of an aerosol sampler in order to determine sampling efficiency performance. This was done with the pre-verified commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package, FLUENT ( Fluent, Inc., Lebanon, NH, US). Air flow behavior was calculated for steady-state conditions approaching and flowing into 3D geometries of an aerosol sampler free in the air that was similar in dimension to two commercial samplers, namely the Gesamtstaubprobenahme sampler (GSP) and the conical inhalable sampler (CIS). Particle trajectories were calculated in a Lagrangian reference frame on the resulting velocity fields. Based on the particle trajectories, sampling efficiencies were calculated and compared to those reported in the literature for a CIS aerosol sampler. They were found to have similar overall trends for particle sizes up to 21 mu m. Using a correction factor, agreement was observed to be very good for smaller particles, but less so for larger particles. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bird, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, M-S 3030,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM ABird@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 596 EP 610 DI 10.1080/027868291009260 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950HG UT WOS:000230847600003 ER PT J AU Mermin, J Lule, J Ekwaru, JP Downing, R Hughes, P Bunnell, R Malamba, S Ransom, R Kaharuza, F Coutinho, A Kigozi, A Quick, R AF Mermin, J Lule, J Ekwaru, JP Downing, R Hughes, P Bunnell, R Malamba, S Ransom, R Kaharuza, F Coutinho, A Kigozi, A Quick, R TI Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis by HIV-infected persons in Uganda reduces morbidity and mortality among HIV-uninfected family members SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE cotrimoxazole; HIV; diarrhea; malaria; mortality; family; resistance; Africa ID TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE PROPHYLAXIS; COTE-DIVOIRE; RURAL UGANDA; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; VERBAL AUTOPSY; ADULT DEATHS; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; ABIDJAN AB Background: The effect of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis taken by persons with HIV on community health and antimicrobial resistance is unknown. Objective: To assess the effect of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis taken by persons with HIV on morbidity, mortality, and antimicrobial resistance of diarrheal pathogens infecting their HIV-negative family members. Design: Prospective cohort in rural Uganda. Methods: A total of 879 persons with HIV and 2771 HIV-negative family members received weekly home-visits. After 5 months, persons with HIV received daily cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and households were followed for an average of 17 additional months. Findings: During the study, 224 participants with HIV (25%) and 29 household members (1%) died. Mortality among HIV-negative family members < 10 years old was 63% less during the cotrimoxazole period than before [hazard ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence interval (0), 0.14-0.95; P = 0.04]. Malaria among family members was less common during cotrimoxazole treatment [incidence rate ratio (IRR), 0.62; Cl, 0.53-0.74; P < 0.0001], as were diarrhea (IRR, 0.59; Cl, 0.45-0.76; P = 0.0001), and hospitalizations (IRR, 0.57; Cl, 0.36-0.92; P = 0.02). Death of a parent with HIV was associated with a threefold increase in mortality among HIV-negative children < 10years old (hazard ratio, 2.9; Cl, 1.1-8.1; P=0.04). Of 134 bacterial isolates from family members before cotrimoxazole treatment, 89 (66%) were resistant to cotrimoxazole; of 75 recovered during cotrimoxazole treatment, 54 (72%) were resistant (P = 0.41). Interpretation: Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis taken by persons with HIV was associated with decreased morbidity and mortality among family members. Antimicrobial resistance among diarrheal pathogens infecting family members did not increase. Concerns regarding the spread of bacterial resistance should not impede implementation of cotrimoxazole programs. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. CDC, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV, STD & TB Prevent,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda. AIDS Support Org, Kampala, Uganda. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mermin, J (reprint author), Uganda Virus Res Inst, POB 49, Entebbe, Uganda. EM jhm7@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 22 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 10 BP 1035 EP 1042 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000174449.32756.c7 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 944YU UT WOS:000230468000008 PM 15958834 ER PT J AU Yang, CF Li, M Mokili, JLK Winter, J Lubaki, NM Mwandagalirwa, KM Kasali, MJ Losoma, AJ Quinn, TC Bollinger, RC Lal, RB AF Yang, CF Li, M Mokili, JLK Winter, J Lubaki, NM Mwandagalirwa, KM Kasali, MJ Losoma, AJ Quinn, TC Bollinger, RC Lal, RB TI Genetic diversification and recombination of HIV type 1 group M in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SUBTYPE-A; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; DIVERSITY; PREDOMINANCE; CONSEQUENCES; TRANSMISSION; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIC; VIRUSES; AFRICA AB As the HIV-1 pandemic becomes increasingly complex, the genetic characterization of HIV strains bears important implications for vaccine research. To better understand the molecular evolution of HIV-1 viral diversity, we performed a comparative molecular analysis of HIV strains collected from high-risk persons in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Analysis of the gag-p24, env-C2V3 and -gp41 regions from 83 specimens collected in 1999-2000 revealed that 44 (53%) had concordant subtypes in the three regions (14 subsubtype A1, 10 subtype G, 8 subtype D, 5 subtype C, 2 each subsubtype F1 and CRF01_AE, and one each of subtypes H and J, and subsubtype A2, while the remaining 39 (47%) had mosaic genomes comprising multiple subtype combinations. Similar multisubtype patterns were also observed in 24 specimens collected in 1985. Sequence analysis of the gag-pol region (2.1 kb) from 21 discordant specimens in the gag-p24, env-C2V3 and -gp41 regions in 1985 and 1999-2000 further confirmed the complex recombinant patterns. Despite the remarkable similarity in overall subtype distribution, the intra- and intersubtype distances of major subtypes A1 and G increased significantly from 1985 to 1999-2000 (p = 0.018 and p = 0.0016, respectively). Given the complexity of HIV-1 viruses circulating in DRC, efforts should focus on the development of vaccines that result in cross-clade immunity. C1 NCHSTP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, DHAP, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, HIV SIV Vaccine Trial Database, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. PNLS, Kinshasa, Zaire. RP Yang, CF (reprint author), NCHSTP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, DHAP, CDC, Mail Stop D-12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyang1@cdc.gov RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 7 BP 661 EP 666 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.661 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 955JX UT WOS:000231223300010 PM 16060838 ER PT J AU Toni, T Adje-Toure, C Vidal, N Minga, A Huet, C Borger, MY Recordon-Pinson, P Masquelier, B Nolan, M Nkengasong, J Fleury, HJ Delaporte, E Peeters, M AF Toni, T Adje-Toure, C Vidal, N Minga, A Huet, C Borger, MY Recordon-Pinson, P Masquelier, B Nolan, M Nkengasong, J Fleury, HJ Delaporte, E Peeters, M TI Presence of CRF09_cpx and complex CRF02_AG/CRF09_cpx recombinant HIV type 1 strains in Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID GENETIC DIVERSITY; SUBTYPE-A; DRUG-RESISTANCE; FORM; IDENTIFICATION; SUPERINFECTION; CRF06-CPX; EMERGENCE; ABIDJAN AB Based on partial env and pol (protease and RT) subtyping, we recently documented that the majority (> 80%) of the HIV-1 strains that circulate in Cote d'Ivoire were CRF02_AG and about 11% were recombinants or could not be clearly assigned to a known subtype or CRF. In order to determine in more detail the precise structure of these viruses we sequenced the full-length genomes for six such strains. Bootscan and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that four strains were complex and unique CRF02_AG/CRF09_cpx recombinants, one was a CRF02_AG/CRF06_cpx recombinant, and one was a pure CRF09_cpx. Reanalysis of the remaining recombinants asserted the predominance of CRF09_cpx within intersubtype recombinants and circulation of CRF09_cpx in Me d'Ivoire. More detailed analysis of the CRF09_cpx strains revealed also that part of the pol gene belonged to subtype K. This is the first time that such recombinants are described. C1 IRD, Lab Retrovirus, UM145, F-34394 Montpellier, France. Univ Montpellier, F-34394 Montpellier, France. PAC CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Univ Bordeaux 2, Virol Lab, EA 2968, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res MS A 25, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Peeters, M (reprint author), IRD, Lab Retrovirus, UM145, 911 Ave Agropolis,BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier, France. EM martine.peeters@mpl.ird.fr NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 21 IS 7 BP 667 EP 672 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.667 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 955JX UT WOS:000231223300011 PM 16060839 ER PT J AU Moran, J AF Moran, J TI Gonorrhea SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID DERMATITIS; CHLAMYDIA; DISEASE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Moran, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 BP 129 EP 130 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 944YN UT WOS:000230467300015 ER PT J AU Mazurek, JM Winpisinger, K Mattson, BI Duffy, R Moolenaar, RL AF Mazurek, JM Winpisinger, K Mattson, BI Duffy, R Moolenaar, RL TI The epidemiology and early clinical features of West Nile virus infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SPINAL-CORD; FEVER OUTBREAK; NEW-YORK; ENCEPHALITIS; NEUROPATHOLOGY; ISRAEL; PATHOLOGY; DISEASE; BRAIN AB We studied early clinical features of the West Nile virus (WN-V) infection. Case patients were Ohio residents who reported to the Ohio Department of Health from August 14 to December 31, 2002, with a positive serum or cerebrospinal fluid for anti-WNV IgM. Of 441 WN-V cases, medical records of 224 (85.5%) hospitalized patients were available for review. Most frequent symptoms were fever at a temperature of 38.0 degrees C or higher (n = 155; 69.2%), headache (n = 114; 50.9%), and mental status changes (n = 113; 50.4%). At least one neurological symptom, one gastrointestinal symptom, and one respiratory symptom was present in 186 (83.0%), 119 (53.1%), and 46 (20.5%) patients, respectively. Using multivariate logistic regression and controlling for age, we found that the initial diagnosis of encephalitis (P =.001) or reporting abdominal pain (P <.001) was associated with death. Because initial symptoms of WNV infection are not specific, physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion during the epidemic season, particularly in elderly patients with compatible symptoms. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mazurek, JM (reprint author), NIOSH, DRDS, Surveillance Branch, Mailstop HG 900-2, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM ACQ8@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 23 IS 4 BP 536 EP 543 DI 10.1016/j.ajem.2004.11.005 PG 8 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 954UR UT WOS:000231181000024 PM 16032627 ER PT J AU Chen, W Hnizdo, E Chen, JQ Attfield, MD Gao, P Hearl, F Lu, J Wallace, WE AF Chen, W Hnizdo, E Chen, JQ Attfield, MD Gao, P Hearl, F Lu, J Wallace, WE TI Risk of silicosis in cohorts of chinese tin and tungsten miners, and pottery workers (I): An epidemiological study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Silica, Silicosis, Cancer and Other Diseases CY OCT 21-25, 2002 CL S Margerita Ligure, ITALY DE quartz; silica; exposure-response differences; risk assessment; cohort studies ID RESPONSE ANALYSES; GOLD MINERS; EXPOSURE; DUSTS AB Background Epidemiological evaluations of the risk of silicosis in relation to exposure to crystalline silica have raised the question of whether different types of silica dust exposures vary with respect to their ability to cause silicosis. The aim of this study is to compare the risk of silicosis among cohorts of silica dust-exposed Chinese tin miners, tungsten miners, and pottery workers and to assess whether gravimetric measurements of respirable silica dust sufficiently determine the risk of silicosis or whether other factors of exposure may play a significant role. Methods Cohorts were selected from 20 Chinese mines and potteries. Inclusion criteria were starting employment after January 1, 1950 and being employed for at least I year during 1960-1974 in one of the selected workplaces. Radiological follow-up for silicosis onset was from January 1, 1950 through December 31, 1994. Silicosis was assessed according to the Chinese radiological criteria for diagnosis of pneumoconiosis (as suspect, Stage I, II, or III). Exposure-response relationships were estimated for silicosis of Stage I or higher Silica dust exposure was estimated in terms of cumulative total dust exposure, calculated from a workplace, job title, and calendar year exposure matrix, and individual occupational histories. Cumulative total dust exposure was converted in two steps into cumulative respirable dust exposure and cumulative respirable silica dust exposure using conversion factors estimated from side-by-side measurements conducted in 1988-89. Results The male cohorts included 4,028 tin miners, 14,427 tungsten miners, and 4,547 pottery workers who had similar onset of employment and duration of follow-up. For a given exposure level, the risk of silicosis was higher for the tin and tungsten than the pottery workers. Conclusion The observed differences in the risk of silicosis among the three cohorts suggest that silica dust characteristics, in addition to cumulative respirable silica dust exposure, may affect the risk of silicosis. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Tongii Med Coll, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Lab Hlth & Occupat Dis, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China. NIOSH, CDC, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Hnizdo, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM EHnizdo@cdc.gov RI Chen, Weihong/D-2177-2011 OI Chen, Weihong/0000-0001-8689-7311 NR 21 TC 35 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1002/ajm.20174 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 941NS UT WOS:000230222100001 PM 15940718 ER PT J AU Park, RM Schulte, PA Bowman, JD Walker, JT Bondy, SC Yost, MG Touchstone, JA Dosemeci, M AF Park, RM Schulte, PA Bowman, JD Walker, JT Bondy, SC Yost, MG Touchstone, JA Dosemeci, M TI Potential occupational risks for neurodegenerative diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Alzheimer's disease; hairdresser; motor neuron disease; magnetic field; Parkinson's disease; pesticide; welding ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; PROPORTIONATE MORTALITY RATIO; ELECTRIC UTILITY WORKERS; MAGNETIC-FIELD EXPOSURE; MOTOR-NEURON DISEASE; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; ELECTROMAGNETIC-FIELDS; SOLVENT EXPOSURE; DEMENTIA AB Background Associations between occupations and neurodegenerative diseases (NDD) may be discernable in death certificate data. Methods Hypotheses generated from 1982 to 1991 study were tested in data from 22 states for the years 1992-1998. Specific occupations and exposures to pesticides, solvents, oxidative stressors, magnetic fields, and welding fumes were evaluated. Results About one third (26187) of the occupations hypothesized with neurodegenerative associations had statistically significant elevated mortality odds ratios (MOR)for the same outcome. Occupations with the largest MORs were (a) for presenile dementia (PSD)dentists, graders/sorters (non-agricultural), and clergy; (b) for Alzheimer's disease (AD)-bank tellers, clergy, aircraft mechanics, and hairdressers; (c) for Parkinson's disease (PD)-biological scientists, clergy, religious workers, and post-secondary teachers; and (d) for motor neuron disease (MND)-veterinarians, hairdressers, and graders and sorters (non-agricultural). Teachers had significantly, elevated MORs for all four diseases, and hairdressers for three of the four. Non -horticultural farmers below age 65 had elevated PD (MOR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.47-3.26), PSD (MOR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.10-4.05), and AD (MOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.04-2.81). Sixty hertz magnetic fields exhibited significant exposure-response for AD and, below age 65, for PD (MOR = 1.87, 95% CI=1.14-2.98) and MND (MOR=1.63, 95% CI=1.10-2.39). Welding had elevated PD mortality below age 65 (MOR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.08-2.75). Conclusions Support was observed for hypothesized excess neurodegenerative disease associated with a variety, of occupations, 60 Hz magnetic fields and welding. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Community & Environm Med, Irvine, CA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Educ & Informat Div, MS C-15,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rhp9@cdc.gov NR 94 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 48 IS 1 BP 63 EP 77 DI 10.1002/ajim.20178 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 941NS UT WOS:000230222100009 PM 15940722 ER PT J AU Yuskiv, N Honein, MA Moore, CA AF Yuskiv, N Honein, MA Moore, CA TI Reported multivitamin consumption and the occurrence of multiple congenital anomalies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE birth defects; epidemiology; diet; vitamins; pregnancy; risk factors; multiple congenital anomalies ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; BIRTH-DEFECTS; OROFACIAL CLEFTS; ETIOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY; ESOPHAGEAL-ATRESIA; URINARY-TRACT; HEART-DEFECTS; PREVENTION; SUPPLEMENTATION AB The purpose of this case-control study was to determine whether multivitamin use is associated with the occurrence of multiple congenital anomalies (MCA). MCA case-infants were infants with two or more major birth defects affecting at least two different organ systems, with no recognized chromosome abnormality or single gene disorder. Control-infants were a random sample of live births with no major birth defects from the same population (metropolitan Atlanta) and time period (1993-1997) as the case-infants. Exposure to multivitamins, cereals, and supplements was ascertained from a maternal telephone interview and classified based on folic acid content. We compared women who used multivitamins three or more times per week with women who were not exposed to vitamins/cereals/supplements during the periconceptional period (3 months before pregnancy through the first trimester), adjusting for maternal age, education, race/ethnicity, first degree family history of a major birth defect, pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index, gravidity, and first trimester alcohol use and cigarette smoking. Periconceptional. multivitamin use was associated with MCA among all infants (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-6.7), and especially when analysis was limited to those with no family history of major defects (aOR = 4.0, 95% CI 1.3 -12.8). MCA-infants with urinary obstructive defects were more common among multivitamin-exposed infants than among unexposed infants, but this defect did not occur within a consistent pattern of defects. While these findings provide some support for one previous study, the interpretation remains unclear given the proven protective effect of multivitamins containing folic acid on isolated neural tube defects and possibly other types of defects. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 136A IS 1 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30768 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 941KH UT WOS:000230213200001 PM 15937944 ER PT J AU Bodnar, LM Cogswell, ME McDonald, T AF Bodnar, LM Cogswell, ME McDonald, T TI Have we forgotten the significance of postpartum iron deficiency? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Review DE postpartum; iron deficiency; anemia; mass screening; hemoglobin ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SERUM FERRITIN LEVELS; LOW-INCOME WOMEN; NONANEMIC WOMEN; COGNITIVE FUNCTION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; GENERAL HEALTH; SUPPLEMENTATION; ANEMIA; HEMOGLOBIN AB The postpartum period is conventionally thought to be the time of lowest iron deficiency risk because iron status is expected to improve dramatically after delivery. Nonetheless, recent studies have reported a high prevalence of postpartum iron deficiency and anemia among ethnically diverse low-income populations in the United States. In light of the recent emergence of this problem in the medical literature, we discuss updated findings on postpartum iron deficiency, including its prevalence, functional consequences, risk factors, and recommended primary and secondary prevention strategies. The productivity and cognitive gains made possible by improving iron nutriture support intervention. We therefore conclude that postpartum iron deficiency warrants greater attention and higher quality care. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Magee Womens Res Inst, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Bodnar, LM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Magee Womens Res Inst, A742 Crabtree Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. EM bodnar@edc.pitt.edu NR 69 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 193 IS 1 BP 36 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.12.009 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 948BR UT WOS:000230691500008 PM 16021056 ER PT J AU Lydon-Rochelle, MT Holt, VL Cardenas, V Nelson, JC Easterling, TR Gardella, C Callaghan, WM AF Lydon-Rochelle, MT Holt, VL Cardenas, V Nelson, JC Easterling, TR Gardella, C Callaghan, WM TI The reporting of pre-existing maternal medical conditions and complications of pregnancy on birth certificates and in hospital discharge data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy complication; live birth; birth certificate; international classification of diseases, ninth revision, code ID CESAREAN DELIVERY; PREECLAMPSIA; VALIDATION; ACCURACY; RECORDS; RISK AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of live-birth certificates and hospital discharge data that reported of pre-existing maternal medical conditions and complications of pregnancy. Study design: We conducted a population-based validation study in 19 non-federal short-stay hospitals in Washington state with a stratified random sample of 4541 women who had live births between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2000. True- and false-positive fractions were calculated. Results: Birth certificate and hospital discharge data combined had substantially higher true-positive fractions than did birth certificate data alone for cardiac disease (54% vs 29%), acute or chronic lung disease (24% vs 10%), gestational diabetes mellitus (93% vs 64%), established diabetes mellitus (97% vs 52%), active genital herpes (77% vs 38%), chronic hypertension (70% vs 47%), pregnancy-induced hypertension (74% vs 49%), renal disease (13% vs 2%), and placenta previa (70% vs 33%). For the 2 medical risk factors that are available only on birth certificates, true-positive fractions were 37% for established genital herpes and 68% for being seropositive for hepatitis B surface antigen. Conclusion: In Washington, most medical conditions and complications of pregnancy that affect mothers are substantially underreported on birth certificates, but hospital discharge data are accurate in the reporting of gestational and established diabetes mellitus and placenta previa. Together, birth certificate and hospital discharge data are much superior to birth certificates alone in the reporting of gestational diabetes mellitus, active genital herpes, and chronic hypertension. (c) 2005 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Dept Family Child Nursing, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Serv, Program Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Grp Hlth Cooperat, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lydon-Rochelle, MT (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Nursing, Dept Family Child Nursing, Mailstop 357262, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM minot@u.washington.edu FU PHS HHS [S1838-21/21] NR 26 TC 184 Z9 185 U1 0 U2 8 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 193 IS 1 BP 125 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2005.02.096 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 948BR UT WOS:000230691500022 PM 16021070 ER PT J AU Gunn, RA Lee, MA Callahan, DB Gonzales, P Murray, PJ Margolis, HS AF Gunn, RA Lee, MA Callahan, DB Gonzales, P Murray, PJ Margolis, HS TI Integrating hepatitis, STD, and HIV services into a drug rehabilitation program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CORRECTIONAL HEALTH-CARE; VACCINATION; INMATES; USERS; FACILITIES; SYSTEM AB Background: Considering the difficulties in providing screening and vaccination services for inmates in short-stay incarceration facilities, an evaluation was conducted of the integration of prevention services in an alternative sentencing drug rehabilitation program (alternative to incarceration) in San Diego CA. Methods: During the period April 1999 to December 2002, clients were asked to complete a brief risk-assessment questionnaire, and were offered hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serologic testing, STD screening, and HIV counseling and testing. Results: Of the estimated 1125 rehabilitation program enrollees, 930 (83%) participated in the integration program services. Most clients were male (64%), were aged > 30 years (64%), and few (7%) reported previous HBV vaccination. Of the 854 clients eligible for hepatitis B vaccination, 98% received the first dose, 69% the second dose, and 42% completed the series. Eleven percent of clients had prior HBV infection, and 14.7% had HCV infection, with positivity rates being highest among those with a history of injection drug use-HBV, 19%, and HCV, 36%. HIV infection was rare (prevalence, 0.3%), and STDs were uncommon (chlamydia prevalence, 2%, and gonorrhea prevalence, 0.6%). Total annual cost of integration services (excluding HIV testing) was $31,994 equating to $122 per client served. Conclusions: Alternative sentencing drug rehabilitation programs provide a venue to efficiently deliver integrated hepatitis and other prevention services.Considering the vast number of high-risk persons in drug rehabilitation, probation, parole, and inmate release programs, an opportunity exists to greatly expand hepatitis services. (c) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US PHS, STD & Hepatitis Prevent Program, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Gunn, RA (reprint author), US PHS, STD & Hepatitis Prevent Program, 3851 Rosecrans St P511B, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM Robert.gunn@sdcounty.ca.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU919053-01] NR 25 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 27 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.03.010 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 939AE UT WOS:000230043700004 PM 15958248 ER PT J AU Davis, MM Halasyamani, LK Sneller, VP Bishop, KR Clark, SJ AF Davis, MM Halasyamani, LK Sneller, VP Bishop, KR Clark, SJ TI Provider response to different formats of the adult immunization schedule SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTERVENTIONS; COVERAGE; RATES AB Background: Providers' failure to administer vaccines in accordance with established recommendations is a well-recognized barrier to national immunization efforts. This study evaluated the ease of use of two different formats of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) adult immunization schedule by physicians in private practice, where the majority of adult immunizations are administered. Methods: A series of focus groups was conducted with 94 physicians and other clinical staff in 11 private practices (family medicine and internal medicine) in six U.S. cities. Each session was based on a structured set of questions that explored barriers to adult immunizations, followed by three mock clinical scenarios to examine how each of two graphical depictions of the 2003-2004 adult immunization schedule (one from the CDC's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, and the other from the Immunization Action Coalition) might facilitate assessments of recommended immunizations. Group dialogue and individual participants' written responses to the scenarios and the alternate schedule formats were analyzed. Results: Providers perceived multiple barriers to adult immunization independent of immunization schedule formats, chiefly patients' low interest in immunization and refusal of vaccines. Most participants were not familiar with either format of CDC's adult immunization schedule before the study, but quickly developed strong preferences for one versus the other (usually the second format that they encountered). About half of the providers changed their vaccine recommendations for clinical scenarios when they consulted either schedule format, although some of the changes were not clinically appropriate. Participants suggested several ways to enhance the availability of the information contained in the schedule formats, especially through electronic means. Conclusions: This qualitative study suggests ways in which graphic depictions of an adult immunization schedule may address adult immunization barriers. Greater provider familiarity with schedule formats will be critical to their appropriate application in clinical encounters. (c) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Univ Michigan, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Div Gen Pediat, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Gerald R Ford Sch Publ Policy, Ann Arbor, MI USA. St Joseph Mercy Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, MM (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, 300 NIB,6C23, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mattdav@med.umich.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.03.009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 939AE UT WOS:000230043700005 PM 15958249 ER PT J AU Bates, JH Serdula, MK Khan, LK Jones, DA Gillespie, C Ainsworth, BE AF Bates, JH Serdula, MK Khan, LK Jones, DA Gillespie, C Ainsworth, BE TI Total and leisure-time walking among US adults - Should every step count? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY PATTERNS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; VIGOROUS EXERCISE; WOMEN; RISK; MORTALITY; MEN; PREVENTION AB Background: Although walking is a popular leisure-time activity, a substantial amount of total daily walking occurs in nonleisure contexts (i.e., occupation, transportation, and household work). Because nonleisure walking is not assessed by traditional leisure-time activity surveys, total walking among U.S. adults may be underestimated. This study describes walking estimates obtained from a measure of leisure-tirne activity and a specific measure of total walking in all contexts. Methods: A national sample of adults (n = 6626), selected by random-digit dialing, was surveyed between May 1999 and November 2000. Estimates of walking prevalence and of weekly time spent walking were examined from two separate modules: (1) an assessment restricted to leisure-time activity, and (2) an assessment of total walking. Results: Walking prevalence based on the total walking module was nearly double that based on the leisure-time module (81% vs 43%, respectively). The median weekly minutes of walking also nearly doubled rising the total walking module (239 vs 130 minutes, respectively). Among those with jobs involving substantial walking, median weekly walking minutes were more than three times greater with the total walking module (476 vs 130 minutes, respectively). Conclusions: U.S. adults, particularly those with jobs involving walking, do a substantial amount of walking not captured by traditional leisure-time activity surveys. This may affect the appropriate targeting of physical activity interventions, as well as the evaluation of the effectiveness of physical activity promotions and policies. However, further characterization of nonleisure walking is needed to determine its contribution to health and meeting physical activity guidelines. (c) 2005 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off,Chron Dis Nutr Branch,Div N, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise Sci & Nutrit Sci, San Diego, CA USA. RP Bates, JH (reprint author), Calif Canc Registry, Canc Surveillance Sect, 1700 Tribute Rd,Suite 100, Sacramento, CA 95815 USA. EM jbates@ccr.ca.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 46 EP 50 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.03.011 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 939AE UT WOS:000230043700007 PM 15958251 ER PT J AU Tangka, FK Molinari, NAM Chattopadhyay, SK Seeff, LC AF Tangka, FK Molinari, NAM Chattopadhyay, SK Seeff, LC TI Market for colorectal cancer screening by endoscopy in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY; MORTALITY; COLONOSCOPY; GUIDELINES; EFFICIENCY; CAPACITY; PROGRESS; RISK AB In the United States, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third among all cancer sites in incidence, and second in cancer-related mortality. Although screening reduces CRC incidence and mortality, current screening rates among the average-risk population are low. The traditional way of promoting CRC screening has been to educate healthcare providers and the public on its benefits, available screening procedures, and current guidelines. In this paper, we focus on economics and provide an overview of some key factors that affect the demand for and the supply of CRC screening by endoscopy. Factors affecting the demand for endoscopic CRC screening include the number of people for whom screening is recommended, consumers' income and health insurance status, time and travel costs, prices of non-endoscopic CRC screening tests, and personal preferences and perceived quality of care. Factors influencing the supply of endoscopic screening include the availability of endoscopic providers, increased efficiency, procedure costs, current reimbursement rates for endoscopic procedures, and technical progress. The volume of screening tests in the market is determined jointly by the collective demand and supply decisions of consumers and providers. The discussion includes policy implications for the current effort to promote widespread use of CRC screening in the United States. (c) 2005 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Strategy & Innovat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tangka, FK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM FTangka@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 29 IS 1 BP 54 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.03.006 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 939AE UT WOS:000230043700009 PM 15958253 ER PT J AU Fingerhut, LA Harrison, J Holder, Y Frimodt-Moller, B Mackenzie, S Alulder, S Scott, A AF Fingerhut, LA Harrison, J Holder, Y Frimodt-Moller, B Mackenzie, S Alulder, S Scott, A TI Addressing the growing burden of trauma and injury in low- and middle-income countries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 NCHS, OAE, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Australian Inst Hlth & Welf, Natl Injury Surveillance Unit, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Int Biostat & Informat Sci, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. Hlth Canada, Injury & Child Maltreatment Sect, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Consumer Safety Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. WHO, Injury & Violence Prevent Off, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Fingerhut, LA (reprint author), NCHS, OAE, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6316, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM lfingerhut@cdc.gov RI Harrison, James/B-8958-2009 OI Harrison, James/0000-0001-9893-8491 NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2005 VL 95 IS 7 BP 1089 EP 1090 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.064469 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 940EN UT WOS:000230126600003 PM 15961751 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, J Christianson, A Cordero, J AF Rosenthal, J Christianson, A Cordero, J TI Fetal alcohol syndrome prevention in South Africa and other low-resource countries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HIV/AIDS C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Div Human Genet, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Rosenthal, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-E86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jyr4@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUL PY 2005 VL 95 IS 7 BP 1099 EP 1101 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.057372 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 940EN UT WOS:000230126600015 PM 15961748 ER PT J AU Schantz, PM AF Schantz, PM TI The burden of echinococcosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schantz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 944TH UT WOS:000230451900001 PM 16014822 ER PT J AU Posey, DL O'Rourke, T Roehrig, JT Lanciotti, RS Weinberg, M Maloney, S AF Posey, DL O'Rourke, T Roehrig, JT Lanciotti, RS Weinberg, M Maloney, S TI Short report: O'Nyong-Nyong fever in West Africa SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UGANDA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Int Org Migrat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Posey, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dposey@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 944TH UT WOS:000230451900006 PM 16014827 ER PT J AU Fox, LM Furness, BW Haser, JK Desire, D Brissau, JM Milord, MD Lafontant, J Lammie, PJ Beach, MJ AF Fox, LM Furness, BW Haser, JK Desire, D Brissau, JM Milord, MD Lafontant, J Lammie, PJ Beach, MJ TI Tolerance and efficacy of combined diethylcarbamazine and albendazole for treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti and intestinal helminth infections in Haitian children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ASCARIS-LUMBRICOIDES INFECTIONS; HIGH-DOSE IVERMECTIN; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; TRICHURIS-TRICHIURA; COMBINATIONS; GROWTH; MICROFILAREMIA; SCHOOLCHILDREN; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB This randomized, placebo-controlled trial investigated the tolerance, efficacy, and nutritional benefit of combining chemotherapeutic treatment of intestinal helminths and lymphatic filariasis. Children were infected with Ascaris (30.7%), Trichuris (53.4%), and hookworm (9.7%) with 69.9% having more than one of these parasites. A total of 15.8% of the children had Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. Children were randomly assigned treatment with placebo, albendazole (ALB), diethylcarbamazine (DEC), or combined therapy. The combination of DEC/ALB reduced microfilarial density compared with placebo, ALB, or DEC (P <= 0.03). Albendazole and DEC/ALB reduced the prevalence of Ascaris, Trichuris, and hookworm more than placebo or DEC (P <= 0.03). Among Trichuris-infected children, those receiving ALB and DEC/ALB demonstrated greater gains in weight compared with placebo (P <= 0.05). Albendazole and DEC/ALB were equally efficacious in treating intestinal helminths and for children with W. bancrofti microfilaremia, DEC/ALB was more effective than DEC, with no increase in severity of adverse reactions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hop St Croix, Leogane, Haiti. RP Beach, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lfox@bu.edu; bff0@cdc.gov; haserj@ohsu.edu; jbrissau@nd.edu; mmilord@nd.edu; gastro@hopital-stecroix.org; pjl1@cdc.gov; mbeach@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 115 EP 121 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 944TH UT WOS:000230451900024 PM 16014845 ER PT J AU Eisele, TP Lindblade, KA Wannemuehler, KA Gimnig, JE Odhiambo, F Hawley, WA Ter Kuile, FO Phillips-Howard, P Rosen, DH Nahlen, BL Vulule, JM Slutsker, L AF Eisele, TP Lindblade, KA Wannemuehler, KA Gimnig, JE Odhiambo, F Hawley, WA Ter Kuile, FO Phillips-Howard, P Rosen, DH Nahlen, BL Vulule, JM Slutsker, L TI Effect of sustained insecticide-treated bed net use on all-cause child mortality in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in Western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; IMPREGNATED BEDNETS; FOLLOW-UP; MORBIDITY; CURTAINS; IMMUNITY; IMPACT; EFFICACY AB We present results from a study conducted in western Kenya where all-cause child mortality was assessed among a population with high levels of sustained insecticide-treated bed net (ITN) use for up to six years. Although ITNs were associated with significant reductions in all-cause mortality among infants 1-11 months old, there was no difference in the rate of all-cause mortality among children 12-59 months old with ITNs for 2-4 years, compared historically with children from villages without ITNs, after controlling for seasonality and underlying child mortality across calendar years (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77-1.07). There was no increase in the proportion of child deaths at older ages (1.2-59 months old) of all child deaths within villages with ITNs for 5-6 years (48.1%) compared historically with villages without ITNs (47.9%), after controlling for seasonality (AHR - 1.03, P = 0.834). We find no evidence that sustained ITN use increased the risk of mortality in older children in this area of intense perennial malaria transmission. C1 Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Eisele, TP (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Int Hlth & Dev, 1440 Canal St,Suite 2200, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM teisele@tulane.edu NR 34 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1 BP 149 EP 156 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 944TH UT WOS:000230451900029 PM 16014850 ER PT J AU Boyer, AE Moura, H Woolfitt, AR Kalb, SR McWilliams, LG Pavlopoulos, A Schmidt, JG Ashley, DL Barr, JR AF Boyer, AE Moura, H Woolfitt, AR Kalb, SR McWilliams, LG Pavlopoulos, A Schmidt, JG Ashley, DL Barr, JR TI From the mouse to the mass spectrometer: Detection and differentiation of the endoproteinase activities of botulinum neurotoxins A-G by mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LASER-DESORPTION IONIZATION; CLOSTRIDIUM-BOTULINUM; IN-VITRO; INFANT BOTULISM; SEROTYPE-A; TOXIN; BIOASSAY; ASSAYS; FOODS; PURIFICATION AB We have developed an assay (Endopep-MS) that detects the specific endoproteinase activities of all seven BoNT types by mass spectrometry (MS). Each BoNT type cleaves a unique site on proteins involved in neuronal transmission. Target peptide substrates based on these proteins identify a BoNT type by its enzymatic action on the substrate and the production of two peptide products, which are then detected by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS or liquid chromatography electrospray ionization MS/MS. We showed the ability to detect all seven toxin types in a multiplexed assay format. The detection limits achieved range from 0.039 to 0.625 mouse LD50/mL for toxin types A, B, E, and F in a buffer system. The Endopep-MS assay is the first to differentiate all seven BoNT types, is sensitive, specific, and has the potential to quantify toxin activity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Battelle Mem Inst, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Boyer, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aboyer@cdc.gov; jbarr@cdc.gov OI Kalb, Suzanne/0000-0002-8067-136X; Schmidt, Jurgen/0000-0002-8192-9940 NR 36 TC 85 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 13 BP 3916 EP 3924 DI 10.1021/ac050485f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 942GL UT WOS:000230270800023 PM 15987092 ER PT J AU Ward, E Jemal, A Thun, M AF Ward, E Jemal, A Thun, M TI Regarding "Increase in breast cancer incidence in middle-aged women during the 1990s" SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ward, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 424 EP 425 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.09.008 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 948BZ UT WOS:000230692300002 PM 15967388 ER PT J AU Curwin, BD Hein, MJ Sanderson, WT Nishioka, MG Buhler, W AF Curwin, BD Hein, MJ Sanderson, WT Nishioka, MG Buhler, W TI Nicotine exposure and decontamination on tobacco harvesters' hands SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE green tobacco sickness; hand exposure; hand washing; nicotine; tobacco harvester ID GREEN TOBACCO; LATINO FARMWORKERS; REMOVING PESTICIDES; SICKNESS; SKIN; PREDICTORS; ABSORPTION; WORKERS AB Green tobacco sickness is an illness associated with nicotine exposures among tobacco harvesters. Agricultural workers manually harvest tobacco and thus have the potential for skin exposure to nicotine, particularly on the hands. Often gloves are not worn as it hinders the harvesters' ability to harvest the tobacco leaves. The purposes of this study were to measure the concentration of nicotine residue on the hands of tobacco harvesters and the effectiveness of hand washing at removing the residue. Wipe samples from the hands of 12 tobacco harvesters were collected at the end of morning and afternoon work periods over two consecutive days. Each harvester had one hand wiped before washing his hands, and the other hand wiped after washing his hands with soap and water. Eight samples per worker were collected over the two days for a total of 96 samples collected. In addition to the hand-wipe samples, leaf-wipe samples were collected from 15 tobacco plants to estimate the amount of nicotine residue on the plants. The average nicotine level in leaf-wipe samples was 1.0 mu g cm(-2). The geometric mean pre-wash and post-wash nicotine levels on the hands were 10 and 0.38 mu g cm(-2), respectively. Nicotine leaf-wipe level, right or left hand and time of sampling did not significantly influence exposure. Job position-working on the bottom versus the top of the tobacco harvesting machine-was associated with nicotine levels. Pre-wash nicotine levels were higher for workers on the bottom of the harvester but not significantly higher (P = 0.17). Post-wash nicotine levels were significantly higher for workers on the bottom of the harvester (P = 0.012). A substantial amount of nicotine was transferred to the hands, but washing with soap and water in the field significantly reduced nicotine levels by an average of 96% (P < 0.0001). C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Hort Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Curwin, BD (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 COlumbia Pkwy MSR-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM bcurwin@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 49 IS 5 BP 407 EP 413 DI 10.1093/annhyg/meh112 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 953AO UT WOS:000231048100006 PM 15705597 ER PT J AU Al-Tajir, GK Kelly, WN AF Al-Tajir, GK Kelly, WN TI Epidemiology, comparative methods of detection, and preventability of adverse drug events SO ANNALS OF PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE adverse drug event; detection methods; prevention ID HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; INTENSIVE-CARE; ADMISSIONS; COSTS; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; INPATIENTS AB BACKGROUND: Adverse drug events (ADEs) continue to be of concern to all health professionals. Even serious ADEs are underreported in all patient-care environments. OBJECTIVE: To discover the incidence and the best detection methods and preventability for ADEs at Al Qassimi Hospital, a 360-bed facility in the United Arab Emirates. METHODS: During the first and fourth quarters of 2003, data collection for ADEs was limited to spontaneous reporting. During the second and third quarters, active monitoring for ADEs took place in the adult, pediatric medical, and intensive care wards. ADEs were assessed for causality using the Naranjo algorithm and for severity and preventability. The incidence of ADEs was calculated and the detection methods were compared. RESULTS: The incidence of ADEs detected through surveillance was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than for ADEs reported spontaneously for both inpatients (3.592 vs 0.068/100 patient days) and outpatients (0.299 vs 0.022/100 patient visits). Most ADEs were judged to be of mild to moderate severity. About 56% of ADEs were judged definite or probable and, of these, 13.8% were consistently judged preventable. The most prevalent drugs implicated were central nervous system (23.6%), antiinfective (17.1%), and cardiovascular (16.5%) agents. The best AIDE detection method was using physicians' notes. CONCLUSIONS: Active surveillance for ADEs, with the aid of AIDE trigger alerts, yields a significantly higher number of reports than spontaneous reporting. Such surveillance is useful in identifying areas where improvements in the safe use of drugs can be made. C1 Al Qassimi Hosp, Drug Informat Dept, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. Mercer Univ, Dept Adm & Clin Sci, So Sch Pharm, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Al-Tajir, GK (reprint author), POB 3500,Wasit St, Sharjah, U Arab Emirates. EM mktajir@emirates.net.ae NR 31 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 3 U2 3 PU HARVEY WHITNEY BOOKS CO PI CINCINNATI PA PO BOX 42696, CINCINNATI, OH 45242 USA SN 1060-0280 J9 ANN PHARMACOTHER JI Ann. Pharmacother. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7-8 BP 1169 EP 1174 DI 10.1345/aph.1E559 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 941QN UT WOS:000230229400002 PM 15928265 ER PT J AU Bimi, L Freeman, AR Eberhard, ML Ruiz-Tiben, E Pieniazek, NJ AF Bimi, L Freeman, AR Eberhard, ML Ruiz-Tiben, E Pieniazek, NJ TI Differentiating Dracunculus medinensis from D-insignis, by the sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA gene SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GUINEA WORM; NEMATODA; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; DOG AB This study, undertaken as a component of the global Dracunculiasis Eradication Program (DEP), was designed to provide molecular tools to distinguish Dracunculus medinensis, the nematode causing human dracunculiasis, from other tissue-dwelling nematodes, including other Dracunculus species that infect humans and other animals. DNA was extracted from D. medinensis and from a closely related species that infects North American carnivores, D. insignis, so that the genes coding for the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) of the parasites could be amplified, sequenced and compared. Sequences were obtained for 20 specimens of D. medinensis (from humans in Pakistan, Yemen and six African countries endemic for dracunculiasis) and three of D. insignis (from raccoons trapped in the state of Georgia in the southern U.S.A.). All of the D. medinensis 18S-rRNA sequences were found to be 1819 bases long and identical. The three D. insignis 18S-rRNA sequences were also found to be identical to each other but were 1821 bases long and differed from the D. medinensis 18S- rRNA sequence at eight positions (representing a difference of 0.44%). The 18S-rRNA coding region of a Guinea worm extracted from a dog in Ghana was indistinguishable from that of the D. medinensis isolates from human cases. These results provide the basis for the molecular differentiation of D. medinensis that will permit the DEP to determine, rapidly and accurately, whether a worm recovered from an area considered dracunculiasis-free is a specimen of D. medinensis or not. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F22,4700 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mle1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 99 IS 5 BP 511 EP 517 DI 10.1179/136485905X51355 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 950II UT WOS:000230850400008 PM 16004710 ER PT J AU Hujer, KM Hamza, NS Hujer, AM Perez, F Helfand, MS Bethel, CR Thomson, JM Anderson, VE Barlow, M Rice, LB Tenover, FC Bonomo, RA AF Hujer, KM Hamza, NS Hujer, AM Perez, F Helfand, MS Bethel, CR Thomson, JM Anderson, VE Barlow, M Rice, LB Tenover, FC Bonomo, RA TI Identification of a new allelic variant of the Acinetobacter baumannii cephalosporinase, ADC-7 beta-lactamase: Defining a unique family of class C enzymes SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; PHYLOGENETIC INFERENCE; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; CLINICAL-FEATURES; GENE; OUTBREAK; IMIPENEM; STRAIN; CMY-2 AB Acinetobacter spp. are emerging as opportunistic hospital pathogens that demonstrate resistance to many classes of antibiotics. In a metropolitan hospital in Cleveland, a clinical isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii that tested resistant to cefepime and ceftazidime (MIC = 32 mu g/ml) was identified. Herein, we sought to determine the molecular basis for the extended-spectrum-cephalosporin resistance. Using analytical isoelectric focusing, a beta-lactamase with a pI of >= 2 was detected. PCR amplification with specific A. baumannii cephalosporinase primers yielded a 1,152-bp product which, when sequenced, identified a novel 383-amino-acid class C enzyme. Expressed in Escherichia coli DH10B, this P-lactamase demonstrated greater resistance against ceftazidime and cefotaxime than cefepime (4.0 mu g/ml versus 0.06 mu g/ml). The kinetic characteristics of this P-lactamase were similar to other cephalosporinases found in Acinetobacter spp. In addition, this cephalosporinase was inhibited by meropenem, imipenem, ertapenem, and sulopenem (K-i < 40 mu M). The amino acid compositions of this novel enzyme and other class C beta-lactamases thus far described for A. baumannii, Acinetobacter genomic species 3, and Oligella urethralis in Europe and South Africa suggest that this cephalosporinase defines a unique family of class C enzymes. We propose a uniform designation for this family of cephalosporinases (Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases [ADC]) found in Acinetobacter spp. and identify this enzyme as ADC-7 beta-lactamase. The coalescence of Acinetobacter ampC beta-lactamases into a single common ancestor and the substantial phylogenetic distance separating them from other ampC genes support the logical value of developing a system of nomenclature for these Acinetobacter cephalosporinase genes. C1 Univ Hosp Cleveland, Louis Stokes Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Div Infect Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bonomo, RA (reprint author), Louis Stokes Cleveland Vet Aff Med Ctr, Res Ctr, 10701 E Blvd, Cleveland, OH 44016 USA. EM robert.bonomo@med.va.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM07250, T32 GM007250] NR 48 TC 86 Z9 122 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 49 IS 7 BP 2941 EP 2948 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.7.2941-2948.2005 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 940YM UT WOS:000230181800051 PM 15980372 ER PT J AU Christensen, JJ Kilian, M Fussing, V Andresen, K Blom, J Korner, B Steigerwalt, AG AF Christensen, JJ Kilian, M Fussing, V Andresen, K Blom, J Korner, B Steigerwalt, AG TI Aerococcus urinae: polyphasic characterization of the species SO APMIS LA English DT Article DE Aerococcus urinae; phenotypic tests; transmission electron microscopy; ribotyping; multilocus enzyme electrophoresis; DNA sequence analysis ID GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI; SP-NOV; TRACT-INFECTIONS; IDENTIFICATION; ORGANISMS; ENDOCARDITIS; STREPTOCOCCI; ENTEROCOCCI; SAMPLES; TESTS AB A polyphasic characterization of Aerococcus urinae is presented. In this study the intraspecies relationships between 26 strains of varying geographical origin were examined by phenotypic tests, ribotyping and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. The results demonstrated two main phenotypic patterns that could be distinguished in tests for hydrolysis of aesculin, and acid production from amygdalin and salicin. Strains were either negative (n = 19) or positive (n = 6) in these tests. One strain had a deviating pattern. Heterogeneity within the 19 pattern I strains was demonstrated especially by phenotypic tests (acid production from ribose, mannitol, sorbitol, sucrose and D-arabitol) and by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. However, DNA sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA (n=7) and gyrB genes (n=3) from strains representing the two main patterns showed no variation in sequences among strains. Comparison of A. urinae and representatives of related taxa by 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the taxon is related to, but distinct from, other Aerococcus spp. C1 State Serum Inst, Dept Bacteriol Mycol & Parasitol, Unit Gastrointestinal Infect, Copenhagen, Denmark. State Serum Inst, Dept Bacteriol Mycol & Parasitol, Unit Clin Microbiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. State Serum Inst, Dept Virol, Copenhagen, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Christensen, JJ (reprint author), Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM jjc@ssi.dk NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0903-4641 J9 APMIS JI APMIS PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 7-8 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_183.x PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology GA 952XL UT WOS:000231039300007 PM 16086822 ER PT J AU Albarran, B Goncalves, L Salmen, S Borges, L Fields, H Soyano, A Montes, H Berrueta, L AF Albarran, B Goncalves, L Salmen, S Borges, L Fields, H Soyano, A Montes, H Berrueta, L TI Profiles of NK, NKT cell activation and cytokine production following vaccination against hepatitis B SO APMIS LA English DT Article DE innate immunity; hepatitis B virus; activation; cytokines; NK; NKT ID NATURAL-KILLER-CELLS; MURINE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; T-CELLS; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; INTERFERON-GAMMA; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; ANTIVIRAL DEFENSE; ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; LYMPHOCYTES-T; INNATE AB Human natural killer (NK) cells (CD56+ CD3-) represent crucial components of the innate immune system especially against viral infections and because their activation can modulate the outcome of the adaptive immune response. NKT cells (CD56+CD3+), a lymphocyte T population characterized by expression of surface markers of NK cells, are known to be abundant in the liver and their activation could be associated with hepatic injury. Using three-color flow cytometry to measure surface receptors and intracellular cytokines, we have explored early activation signals and cytokine production in NK and NKT cells within a group of hepatitis B vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. A specific increase of the CD56(bright) cell population, the activation receptor CD69 and IFN-gamma, was observed in NK cells following incubation with recombinant HBsAg in responders to vaccination. Comparable results were observed in NKT cells showing an increment of CD69, CD25, IL-2 and IFN-gamma expression in responder subjects. These parameters were statistically diminished in non-responder individuals (p < 0.05) in both groups of cells. These results demonstrate a diminished activation of these cells in non-responders to the vaccine, suggesting that NK and NKT cells play an important role in the immune response following hepatitis B vaccination. C1 Univ Los Andes, Inst Clin Immunol, Merida 5101, Venezuela. Venezuelan Inst Sci Res, Caracas, Venezuela. Univ Los Andes, CAMIULA, Merida 5101, Venezuela. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Berrueta, L (reprint author), Univ Los Andes, Inst Clin Immunol, Avenida 16 Septiembre,Edificio Louis Pasteur,Anex, Merida 5101, Venezuela. EM lberruet@ula.ve OI Berrueta, Lisbeth/0000-0002-5674-6448 NR 55 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0903-4641 J9 APMIS JI APMIS PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 113 IS 7-8 BP 526 EP 535 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_191.x PG 10 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology SC Immunology; Microbiology; Pathology GA 952XL UT WOS:000231039300008 PM 16086823 ER PT J AU Albers, J Estill, C MacDonald, L AF Albers, J Estill, C MacDonald, L TI Identification of ergonomics interventions used to reduce musculoskeletal loading for building installation tasks SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Symposium on Ergonomics in Building and Construction held at Triennial Congress of the International-Ergonomics-Association CY AUG 24-29, 2003 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA DE construction industry; work-related musculoskeletal disorder; ergonomics intervention ID CONSTRUCTION WORKERS; WORKLOAD; SYMPTOMS; DEVICES; PAIN AB Skilled workers in the mechanical and electrical installation (M/El) building and construction trades experience high rates of disabling work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). The M/El trades involve installing piping; heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC), and electrical systems in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. In the absence of an ergonomics standard in the United States, some building and construction contractors, including M/El sector contractors, have implemented various ergonomics interventions on their worksites on a voluntary basis. However, no data were available to determine the type of voluntary control measures being implemented, the task-specific hazards for which control measures needed to be developed or refined, and perceived barriers to improving hazard control. As part of a larger effort to obtain this data, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) organized a stakeholder meeting to gather information regarding ergonomics interventions or 'best practices' by M/El contractors and tradespeople. The attendees included 39 industry representatives, 17 construction ergonomics researchers from government and academia, and four ergonomics consultants with experience in the construction industry. Participants spent more than 50% of time meeting in small trade-specific breakout sessions. According to the participants, tasks common to the three trades included (1) drill holes and shoot fasteners; (2) place and install systems, and (3) lift and carry materials and equipment. Engineering interventions described in the stakeholder meeting included tools, equipment, and engineered building materials; administrative controls largely consisted of training and education programs and modifications of work and management practice. Most participants believed that there were significant limits to the impact individual contractors and tradespeople could have in leading ergonomics improvement in the building and construction industry. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Albers, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM jalbers@cdc.gov RI MacDonald, Leslie/D-2201-2014 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0003-6870 J9 APPL ERGON JI Appl. Ergon. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 427 EP 439 DI 10.1016/j.apergo.2004.07.005 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied SC Engineering; Psychology GA 933TP UT WOS:000229656100005 PM 15892937 ER PT J AU Potula, V Henderson, A Kaye, W AF Potula, Vijayalakshmi Henderson, Alden Kaye, Wendy TI Calcitropic hormones, bone turnover, and lead exposure among female smelter workers SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE bone turnover; calcitropic hormones; lead exposure ID X-RAY-FLUORESCENCE; VITAMIN-D METABOLITES; BLOOD LEAD; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; DIETARY CALCIUM; UNITED-STATES; MOBILIZATION; CHILDREN; PERIMENOPAUSAL; HYPERTENSION AB To study the association between levels of lead in blood and bone among female former smelter workers in Bunker Hill, Idaho, the authors performed a longitudinal study using homeostatic regulators of calcium and biomarkers of bone turnover. The authors measured participants' blood lead levels (by means of a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer) and tibia-bone lead levels (by means of the Cd-109 K x-ray fluorescence system) in 1994 and again in 2000; serum ionized calcium, parathyroid hormone, osteocalcin, urinary deoxypyridinoline, pyridinoline, and 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D were measured. After controlling for weight and age, significant predictors of changes in blood lead levels from 1994 to 2000 in postmenopausal women were duration of employment, higher ionized calcium levels, alcohol consumption, and higher parathyroid hormone levels. Predictors of change in tibia-bone lead levels in the same group of women were employment in a technical job such as mining and higher urinary pyridinoline levels (P < .05). Changes in blood and bone lead levels over time were associated with increased bone resorption, especially among postmenopausal women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Potula, V (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd E17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Vbp6@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON OCCUP H JI Arch. Environ. Occup. Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 60 IS 4 BP 195 EP 204 DI 10.3200/AEOH.60.4.195-204 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 116AN UT WOS:000242775000003 PM 17214290 ER PT J AU Nelson, DE AF Nelson, DE TI State tobacco counteradvertising and adolescents SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONTROL PROGRAM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM den2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 159 IS 7 BP 685 EP 687 DI 10.1001/archpedi.159.7.685-a PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 941QP UT WOS:000230229600016 PM 15997004 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Abbasi, F Reaven, GM AF Ford, ES Abbasi, F Reaven, GM TI Prevalence of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome with alternative definitions of impaired fasting glucose SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS LA English DT Article DE glucose intolerance; insulin resistance; metabolic syndrome X ID DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; DIABETES-MELLITUS; SUPPRESSION TEST; MORTALITY; DISPOSAL; DISEASE; PREDICTOR; RISK AB We sought to evaluate the effect of the new definition of impaired fasting glucose (IFG = fasting glucose concentration 100-125 mg/dL among people without diabetes) on the ability to identify insulin resistance, as well as the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in apparently healthy individuals. From the Stanford General Clinical Research Center data-base, we used data from 230 men and 260 women aged 19-79 years who had had an insulin suppression test to measure insulin resistance. From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), we used data from 8814 participants aged >= 20 years to estimate the impact of adopting the new IFG criteria on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome. Among the 490 participants, the prevalence of IFG increased from 5.5% under the old definition of IFG to 20.4% under the new definition. Using the old definition of IFG, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of IFG of identifying an individual as being insulin resistant were 10%, 97%, and 63%, respectively. Using the new definition, these parameters were 33%, 88%, and 61%, respectively. If the new IFG criteria were adopted, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome would increase from 21.8% to 26.3%. The new definition of IFG expands the population with insulin resistance by almost four-fold and could expand the population with the metabolic syndrome by about 20%. The clinical and public health implications of the new IFG definition remain to be elucidated. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Stanford, CA USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0021-9150 J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS JI Atherosclerosis PD JUL PY 2005 VL 181 IS 1 BP 143 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.01.002 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 941LC UT WOS:000230215300019 PM 15939066 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, HA Fritsch, T Petot, G Smyth, KA Chen, CH Debanne, SM Lerner, AJ Friedland, RP AF Lindstrom, HA Fritsch, T Petot, G Smyth, KA Chen, CH Debanne, SM Lerner, AJ Friedland, RP TI The relationships between television viewing in midlife and the development of Alzheimer's disease in a case-control study SO BRAIN AND COGNITION LA English DT Article DE leisure activity; intellectual stimulation; middle-adulthood; case-control; cognitive impairment ID LEISURE ACTIVITIES; COGNITIVE DECLINE; LIFE-STYLE; SURROGATE RESPONDENTS; APOLIPOPROTEIN-E; RISK; DEMENTIA; EDUCATION; PARTICIPATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The relationship between leisure activities and development of cognitive impairment in aging has been the subject of recent research. We examined television viewing in association with risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) in a case-control study. Given recent focus on the importance of intellectually stimulating activities as preventive measures against cognitive decline, it is important to examine the effects of less stimulating but common activities. Data are from 135 Alzheimer's disease cases and 331 healthy controls. Demographic characteristics and life history questionnaire responses on the number of hours spent on 26 leisure activities during middle-adulthood (ages 40-59) were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to examine the effects of middle-adulthood leisure activities on case vs. control status. Results indicate that for each additional daily hour of middle-adulthood television viewing the associated risk of AD development, controlling for year of birth, gender, income, and education, increased 1.3 times. Participation in intellectually stimulating activities and social activities reduced the associated risk of developing AD. Findings are consistent with the view that participation in non-intellectually stimulating activities is associated with increased risk of developing AD, and suggest television viewing may be a marker of reduced participation in intellectually stimulating activities. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Memory & Aging Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Nutr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Lab Neurogeriatr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Lindstrom, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hlindstrom@cdc.gov; rpf2@po.cwru.edu RI Friedland, Robert/A-2834-2010 OI Friedland, Robert/0000-0001-5721-1843 NR 45 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0278-2626 J9 BRAIN COGNITION JI Brain Cogn. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.bandc.2004.09.020 PG 9 WC Neurosciences; Psychology, Experimental SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychology GA 935AK UT WOS:000229750900002 PM 15919546 ER PT J AU Joslyn, SA Foote, ML Nasseri, K Coughlin, SS Howe, HL AF Joslyn, SA Foote, ML Nasseri, K Coughlin, SS Howe, HL TI Racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer rates by age: NAACCR Breast Cancer Project SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Article DE breast carcinoma; crossover effect; ethnicity; incidence; race ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; CARCINOMA; PROGRESS; TRENDS; RISK; RACE AB Objective. To examine age-specific rates of breast cancer incidence among racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Methods. Subjects were 363,801 women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer diagnosed during 1994-1998 and reported in the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries (NAACCR) data set. Variables analyzed included race, ethnicity, 5-year age group (from 10 years through 85+ years), and stage at time of diagnosis (localized, regional, distant). Incidence rates per 100,000 women were calculated for each 5-year age group and stratified by stage. Rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by comparing each racial group with whites and Hispanics with non-Hispanics. Results. Black women experience significantly higher breast cancer incidence up to the age of 40 years and significantly lower incidence after age 50 compared with white women of the same ages. This is called the 'crossover' effect. This shifting burden of higher incidence occurs at ages 35-39 for localized stage and at ages 55-59 for regional stage. For distant stage, black women of all ages experience higher incidence compared with white women. Similar crossover effects do not exist for American Indian (AI) or Asian/Pacific Islander (API) women compared with white women. Both AI and API women have significantly lower incidence of breast cancer compared with white women, and Hispanic women have significantly lower incidence compared with non-Hispanic women. Conclusions. This study highlights racial and ethnic differences in breast cancer incidence rates among US women. The crossover effect between black and white women, particularly the lower incidence of localized stage disease diagnosed in older black women, is a significant phenomenon that may be associated with screening practices, and has implications for public health planning and cancer control initiatives to reduce racial/ethnic disparities. C1 Univ No Iowa, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Tri Counties Reg Canc Registry, Inst Publ Hlth, Santa Barbara, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, Springfield, IL USA. RP Joslyn, SA (reprint author), Univ No Iowa, 221 WRC, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. EM sue.joslyn@uni.edu NR 43 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 92 IS 2 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s10549-005-2112-y PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 940VU UT WOS:000230174800001 PM 15986118 ER PT J AU Ronveaux, O Rickert, D Hadler, S Groom, H Lloyd, J Bchir, A Birmingham, M AF Ronveaux, O Rickert, D Hadler, S Groom, H Lloyd, J Bchir, A Birmingham, M TI The immunization data quality audit: verifying the quality and consistency of immunization monitoring systems SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine/administration and dosage; immunization programs/statistics; data collection/standards; quality control ID COVERAGE AB Objective To evaluate the consistency and quality of immunization monitoring systems in 27 countries during 2002-03 using standardized data quality audits (DQAs) that had been launched within the framework of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization. Methods The consistency of reporting systems was estimated by determining the proportion of third doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP-3) vaccine reported as being administered that could be verified by written documentation at health facilities and districts. The quality of monitoring systems was measured using quality indices for different components of the monitoring systems. These indices were applied to each level of the health service (health unit, district and national). Findings The proportion of verified DTP-3 doses was lower than 85% in 16 countries. Difficulties in verifying the doses administered often arose at the peripheral level of the health service, usually as the result of discrepancies in information between health units and their corresponding districts or because completed recording forms were not available from health units. All countries had weaknesses in their monitoring systems; these included the inconsistent use of monitoring charts; inadequate monitoring of vaccine stocks, injection supplies and adverse events; unsafe computer practices; and poor monitoring of completeness and timeliness of reporting. Conclusion Inconsistencies in immunization data occur in many countries, hampering their ability to manage their immunization programmes. Countries should use these findings to strengthen monitoring systems so that data can reliably guide programme activities. The DQA is an innovative tool that provides a way to independently assess the quality of immunization monitoring systems at all levels of a health service and serves as a point of entry to make improvements. It provides a useful example for other global health initiatives. C1 World Hlth Org, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, Vaccine Assessment & Monitoring, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Global Immunizat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Program Appropriate Technol Hlth, Childrens Vaccine Program, Ferney Voltaire, France. Global Alliance Vaccines & Immunizat, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Ronveaux, O (reprint author), World Hlth Org, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, Vaccine Assessment & Monitoring, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM ronveauxo@who.int OI Groom, Holly/0000-0003-2866-9788 NR 15 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 83 IS 7 BP 503 EP 510 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 944YI UT WOS:000230466700007 PM 16175824 ER PT J AU Whitfield, CL Dube, SR Felitti, VJ Anda, RF AF Whitfield, CL Dube, SR Felitti, VJ Anda, RF TI Adverse childhood experiences and hallucinations SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE hallucinations; childhood trauma; child abuse; adverse childhood experiences ID PHYSICAL ABUSE HISTORIES; SEXUAL-ABUSE; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; PSYCHIATRIC OUTPATIENTS; ADULT WOMEN; VICTIMIZATION HISTORY; MALTREATED CHILDREN; YOUNG-ADULTS; RISK-FACTORS; SELF-REPORTS AB Objective: Little information is available about the contribution of multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to the likelihood of reporting hallucinations. We used data from the ACE study to assess this relationship. Methods: We conducted a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction while growing up, with questions about health behaviors and outcomes in adulthood, which was completed by 17,337 adult HMO members in order to assess the independent relationship of 8 adverse childhood experiences and the total number of ACES (ACE score) to experiencing hallucinations. We used logistic regression to assess the relationship of the ACE score to self-reported hallucinations. Results: We found a statistically significant and graded relationship between histories of childhood trauma and histories of hallucinations that was independent of a history of substance abuse. Compared to persons with 0 ACEs, those with 7 or more ACEs had a five-fold increase in the risk of reporting hallucinations. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a history of childhood trauma should be looked for among persons with a history of hallucinations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Dube, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 82 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 6 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 29 IS 7 BP 797 EP 810 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.01.004 PG 14 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 954EX UT WOS:000231138000005 PM 16051353 ER PT J AU Dale, JB Penfound, T Chiang, EY Long, V Shulman, ST Beall, B AF Dale, JB Penfound, T Chiang, EY Long, V Shulman, ST Beall, B TI Multivalent group A streptococcal vaccine elicits bactericidal antibodies against variant M subtypes SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; STRAINS AB Group A streptococci cause a wide spectrum of clinical illness. One of several strategies for vaccine prevention of these infections is based on the type-specific M protein epitopes. A multivalent M protein-based vaccine containing type-specific determinants from 26 different M serotypes is now in clinical trials. Recent epidemiologic studies have shown that, within some serotypes, the amino-terminal M protein sequence may show natural variation, giving rise to subtypes. This raises the possibility that vaccine-induced antibodies against the parent type may not be as effective in promoting bactericidal killing of variant subtypes. In the present study we used rabbit antisera against the 26-valent M protein-based vaccine in bactericidal tests against M1, M3, and M5 streptococci, which were represented by multiple subtypes. We show that the vaccine antibodies effectively promoted in vitro bactericidal activity despite the fact that the M proteins contained naturally occurring variant sequences in the regions corresponding to the vaccine sequence. Our results show that the variant M proteins generally do not result in significant differences in opsonization promoted by rabbit antisera raised against the 26-valent vaccine, suggesting that a multivalent M protein vaccine may not permit variant subtypes of group A streptococci to escape in a highly immunized population. C1 Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Vet Affairs, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Med, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Mol Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dale, JB (reprint author), 1030 Jefferson Ave,11A, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. EM james.dale@med.va.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [R37 AI100085] NR 13 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 12 IS 7 BP 833 EP 836 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.7.833-836.2005 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 957XU UT WOS:000231407600006 PM 16002631 ER PT J AU Granade, TC Parekh, BS Tih, PM Welty, T Welty, E Bulterys, M Ndikintum, G Nkuoh, G Tancho, S AF Granade, TC Parekh, BS Tih, PM Welty, T Welty, E Bulterys, M Ndikintum, G Nkuoh, G Tancho, S TI Evaluation of rapid prenatal human immunodeficiency virus testing in rural Cameroon SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD SPOT SPECIMENS; HIV-INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; ASSAYS; ALGORITHMS; STRATEGIES; ANTIBODIES; DONORS; UGANDA; COST AB Pregnant women (n = 859) in rural Cameroonian prenatal clinics were screened by two rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests (rapid tests [RT]) (Determine and Hema-Strip) using either whole blood or plasma. One additional RT (Capillus, HIV-CHEK, or Sero-Card) was used to resolve discordant results. RT results were compared with HIV-1 enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and Western blot (WB) results of matched dried blood spots (DBS) to assess the accuracy of HIV RTs. DBS EIA/WB identified 83 HIV antibody-reactive, 763 HIV antibody-nonreactive, and 13 indeterminate specimens. RT results were evaluated in serial (two consecutive tests) or parallel (two simultaneous tests) testing algorithms. A serial algorithm using Determine and Hema-Strip yielded sensitivity and specificity results of 97.6% and 99.7%, respectively, whereas a parallel RT algorithm using Determine plus a second RT produced a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 99.7%, respectively. HIV RTs provide excellent alternatives for identifying HIV infection, and their field performance could be monitored using DBS testing strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cameroon Baptist Convent Hlth Board, Nso, Northwest Prov, Cameroon. RP Granade, TC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS D-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Tgranadc@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 12 IS 7 BP 855 EP 860 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.7.855-860.2005 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 957XU UT WOS:000231407600010 PM 16002635 ER PT J AU Karem, KL Reynolds, M Braden, Z Lou, G Bernard, N Patton, J Damon, IK AF Karem, KL Reynolds, M Braden, Z Lou, G Bernard, N Patton, J Damon, IK TI Characterization of acute-phase humoral immunity to monkeypox: Use of immunoglobulin M enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of monkeypox infection during the 2003 North American outbreak SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGICAL SURVEY; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; POXVIRUS; ZAIRE AB A monkeypox outbreak occurred in the United States in 2003. Patient's sera were sent to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as a part of outbreak response measures. Clinical and epidemiologic information was abstracted from the case investigation forms. Serum samples from patients were tested by using an immunoglobulin M (IgM)-capture and an IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ELISA against Orthopoxvirus antigen. The detection of antiviral IgG and IgM antibodies and the kinetics of the antiviral IgG and IgM antibody responses were evaluated. Patients were classified as confirmed, probable, or suspect cases or were excluded as cases based on laboratory test results and epidemiologic and clinical criteria. A total of 37 confirmed case patients with monkeypox were identified, and 116 patients were excluded as case patients based on molecular testing or insufficient epidemiology and clinical data to warrant classification as a suspect or probable case. Of 37 confirmed case patients, 36 had a known history (presence or absence) of smallpox vaccination. Of those, 29 of the 36 either had or developed an IgG response, while 34 of the 36 developed an IgM response, regardless of vaccination status. Serum collected >= 5 days for IgM detection or serum collected >= 8 days after rash onset for IgG detection was most efficient for the detection of monkeypox virus infection. IgM ELISA detects recent infection with orthopoxviruses and, in this case, recent infection with monkeypox virus. In addition, analysis of paired sera for IgG and IgM detected seroconversion, another indicator of recent infection. The ELISA results correlated with the virologic PCR and viral culture results, indicating its diagnostic capabilities for monkeypox and potentially other orthopoxvirus infections due to zoonotic transmission or bioterrorism events. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Karem, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Poxvirus Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kkarem@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 12 IS 7 BP 867 EP 872 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.7.867-872.2005 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 957XU UT WOS:000231407600012 PM 16002637 ER PT J AU Rybak, ME Jain, RB Pfeiffer, CM AF Rybak, ME Jain, RB Pfeiffer, CM TI Clinical vitamin B-6 analysis: An interlaboratory comparison of pyridoxal 5 '-phosphate measurements in serum SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN-PLASMA; 4-PYRIDOXIC ACID; FOLIC-ACID; ASSAY; HOMOCYSTEINE; VITAMERS; PYRIDOXAL-5'-PHOSPHATE; PYRIDOXAL-5-PHOSPHATE; STROKE AB Background: Recent investigations into the role vitamin B, plays in reducing risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease have heightened interest in vitamin B, intake and its relationship to clinical status indicators. Because a true reference method and certified reference materials are lacking, little is known about the relative analytical performance of clinical vitamin B, assays. Methods: Ten laboratories experienced in clinical vitamin B, analysis participated in a 3-day analysis of 69 serum and 3 aqueous specimens for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Laboratories used either HPLC-based or enzymatic assays. Results were analyzed for imprecision, recovery, and bias relative to consensus means. Results: Among laboratories, mean within-day CVs (3 specimens x 3 measurements/day) were 0.6%-37% and between-day CVs (20 specimens x 1 measurement/day x 3 days) were 1.4%-26%. Mean recoveries of added PLP were 53%-144%, and mean sample pool mixing recoveries were 75%-119%. Consensus means calculated for 20 serum specimens gave mean relative biases between measurement of -10.0% to 24.3% among participating laboratories over a range of 15.8-319 nmol/L PLP. Measurement imprecision and biases were evaluated against empirically derived performance criteria based on biological variation. Three of 10 laboratories met optimum imprecision requirements and had 90% or more of measurements satisfy optimum criteria for biases among methods. All 10 laboratories met minimum imprecision requirements, but 25%-53% of the results reported by 4 of the 7 suboptimal laboratories failed to satisfy the minimum criteria for bias. Conclusion: Agreement among vitamin B-6 methods is good, but large differences in laboratory proficiency exist, pointing to the need for vitamin B-6 reference materials and external quality assurance programs. (c) 2005 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CPfeiffer@cdc.gov RI Rybak, Michael/T-1026-2016 OI Rybak, Michael/0000-0003-1650-8581 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 51 IS 7 BP 1223 EP 1231 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2005.050278 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 939VS UT WOS:000230101200020 PM 15905311 ER PT J AU Li, JH Munsiff, SS Driver, CR Sackoff, J AF Li, JH Munsiff, SS Driver, CR Sackoff, J TI Relapse and acquired rifampin resistance in HIV-infected patients with tuberculosis treated with rifampin- or rifabutin-based regimens in New York City, 1997-2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DIAGNOSED PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; RISK-FACTORS; MONORESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; REINFECTION AB Background. The relationship between rifamycin use and either relapse or treatment failure with acquired rifampin resistance (ARR) among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with tuberculosis (TB) is not well understood. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected persons with rifampin-susceptible TB, (1) to compare relapse rates, ARR, and treatment failure, according to HIV serostatus; and (2) to examine whether and how use of rifamycin was associated with clinical outcomes of interest among HIV-infected patients with TB. Results. HIV-infected patients were more likely to have ARR than were HIV-uninfected patients (0.9% vs. 0.1%; P = .007), and the association remained significant in multivariate analysis ( adjusted odds ratio [OR], 5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-21.5). Among HIV-infected patients with TB, none of 57 patients treated with rifabutin-based regimens alone had ARR, and only 1 of 395 patients treated with rifabutin given in combination with a rifampin-based regimen had ARR, whereas 6 of 355 patients treated with a rifampin-based regimen alone had relapse and ARR. HIV-infected patients treated with rifampin-based regimens alone had a higher risk for relapse and development of rifampin resistance if intermittent dosing of rifampin was started during the intensive phase of treatment, compared with patients who did not receive intermittent dosing (hazard ratio [HR] for relapse, 6.7 [95% CI, 1.1-40.1]; HR for ARR, 6.4 [95% CI, 1.1-38.4]). This association remained when confined to patients with a CD4(+) T lymphocyte count of < 100 lymphocytes/mm(3). Intermittent dosing started only after the intensive phase of treatment did not increase the risks of relapse and ARR among HIV-infected patients with TB. Conclusion. The risk for ARR among HIV-infected persons with TB did not depend on the rifamycin used but, rather, on the rifampin dosing schedule in the intensive phase of treatment. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10007 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol Off, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Li, JH (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, 225 Broadway,22nd Fl,CN-72B, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM jli1@health.nyc.gov NR 30 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.1086/430377 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 932BY UT WOS:000229530400014 PM 15937767 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Jeffery, GM AF Collins, WE Jeffery, GM TI Plasmodium ovale: Parasite and disease SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID WEST AFRICAN STRAIN; FLUORESCENT-ANTIBODY TEST; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NIGERIAN I/CDC STRAIN; HUMAN MALARIA; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; INDUCED INFECTIONS; NATURAL MALARIA; HIGH PREVALENCE AB Humans are infected by four recognized species of malaria parasites. The last of these to be recognized and described is Plasmodium ovale. Like the other malaria parasites of primates, this parasite is only transmitted via the bites of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. The prepatent period in the human ranges from 12 to 20 days. Some forms in the liver have delayed development, and relapse may occur after periods of up to 4 years after infection. The developmental cycle in the blood lasts approximately 49 h. An examination of records from induced infections indicated that there were an average of 10.3 fever episodes of >= 101 degrees F and 4.5 fever episodes of >= 104 degrees F. Mean maximum parasite levels were 6,944/mu l for sporozoite-induced infections and 7,310/mu l for trophozoite-induced infections. Exoerythrocytic stages have been demonstrated in the liver of humans, chimpanzees, and Saimiri monkeys following injection of sporozoites. Many different Anopheles species have been shown to be susceptible to infection with P. ovale, including A. gambiae, A. atroparvus, A. dirus, A. freeborni, A. albimanus, A. quadrimaculatus, A. stephensi, A. maculatus, A. subpictus, and A. farauti. An en2yme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect mosquitoes infected with P. ovale using a monoclonal antibody directed against the circumsporozoite protein. Plasmodium ovale is primarily distributed throughout sub-Saharan Africa. It has also been reported from numerous islands in the western Pacific. In more recent years, there have been reports of its distribution on the Asian mainland. Whether or not it will become a major public health problem there remains to be seen. The diagnosis of P. ovale is based primarily on the characteristics of the blood stages and its differentiation from P. vivax. The sometimes elliptical shape of the infected erythrocyte is often diagnostic when combined with other, subtler differences in morphology. The advent of molecular techniques, primarily PCR, has made diagnostic confirmation possible. The development of techniques for the long-term frozen preservation of malaria parasites has allowed the development diagnostic reference standards for P. ovale. Infections in chimpanzees are used to provide reference and diagnostic material for serologic and molecular studies because this parasite has not been shown to develop in other nonhuman primates, nor has it adapted to in vitro culture. There is no evidence to suggest that P. ovale is closely related phylogenetically to any other of the primate malaria parasites that have been examined. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US PHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 102 TC 71 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 18 IS 3 BP 570 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.18.3.570-581.2005 PG 13 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 947GO UT WOS:000230631600009 PM 16020691 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Cobb, KD AF Reeves, WK Cobb, KD TI Ectoparasites of house mice (Mus musculus) from pet stores in South Carolina, USA SO COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acaridae; Liponyssoides sanguineus; Mus musculus; Myobia musculi; Myocoptes musculinus; Ornithonyssus bacoti; polyplax serrata; Radfordia affinis; Rickettsia; South Carolina; zoonotic disease ID NORTH-AMERICA; INFECTION; MITES; CITY AB House mice, Mus musculus, are reservoirs of zoonotic pathogens and parasites, but most consumers assume mice sold by pet stores are disease- and parasite free. We purchased 30 frozen mice from 15 pet stores in South Carolina and examined them for ectoparasites. All mice were infested with 1 or more of the following ectoparasites: unidentified Acaridae, Liponyssoides sanguineus, Myocoptes musculinus, Myobia musculi, Ornithonyssus bacoti, Polyplax serrata, or Radfordia affinis. Both L. sanguineus and O. bacoti are vectors of zoonotic pathogens. The presence of ectoparasites on commercially available mice implies that other pets could be infested with ectoparasites. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Entomol Soils & Plant Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Mail Stop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wreeves@alumni.clemson.edu; kdcobb@clemson.edu NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU HELMINTHOLOGICAL SOC WASHINGTON PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS INC, 1041 NEW HAMPSHIRE ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1525-2647 J9 COMP PARASITOL JI Comp. Parasitol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 2 BP 193 EP 195 DI 10.1654/4178 PG 3 WC Parasitology; Zoology SC Parasitology; Zoology GA 968AJ UT WOS:000232132900010 ER PT J AU Kim, C McEwen, LN Gerzoff, RB Marrero, DG Mangione, CM Selby, JV Herman, WH AF Kim, C McEwen, LN Gerzoff, RB Marrero, DG Mangione, CM Selby, JV Herman, WH TI Is physician gender associated with the quality of diabetes care? SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL VISITS; COMMUNICATION; SATISFACTION; RATES AB OBJECTIVE - This study examines the association between physician gender and diabetes quality of care, RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We examined the association between the gender of primary care physicians (n = 1,686) and the quality of diabetes care they provided to their patients participating in the Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAL)) study. Main outcome measures were diabetes processes of care including receipt of dilated retinal exams, urine microalbumin/protein testing, foot exams, lipid and HbA(1), (A1C) testing, recommendation to take aspirin, and influenza vaccination over 1 year. Intermediate outcomes included blood pressure, A1C, LDL levels, and patient satisfaction. Hierarchical regression models accounted for clustering within provider groups and health plans and adjusted for patient age, gender, race, income, education, diabetes treatment and duration, and health status, along with physician age, years of practice, and specialty. RESULTS - Compared with male physicians (n = 1,213), female physicians (n = 473) were younger, had more recently completed training, and were more often internists. Patients of female physicians (n = 4,585) were more often women and younger than patients (if in lie physicians (n = 1,783). In adjusted analyses, patients of female physicians were slightly more likely to receive lipid measurements (predicted probability 1.09 [95%, CI 1.02-1,15]) and A1C measurements (1.02 [1.00-1.05]) and were slightly more likely to have an LDL < 130 mg/dl (1.05 [1.00-1.10]). CONCLUSIONS - Patients of female physicians received similar quality of care compared with patients of male physicians. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente Med Ctr, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94611 USA. RP Kim, C (reprint author), Room 7C13,300 NIB,Box 0429, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM cathkim@umich.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU516410-02] NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2005 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1594 EP 1598 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.7.1594 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 940SG UT WOS:000230163800008 PM 15983306 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI Risks for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes associated with the metabolic syndrome - A summary of the evidence SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; US ADULTS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; IDENTIFICATION; MELLITUS; EVENTS AB OBJECTIVE - in recent years, several major organizations have endorsed the concept of the metabolic syndrome and developed working definitions for it. How well these definitions predict the risk for adverse events in people, with the metabolic syndrome is only now being learned. The purpose of this study was to summarize the estimates of relative risk for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes reported from prospective studies in samples from the general population Using definitions of the metabolic syndrome developed by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - The author reviewed prospective studies from July 1998 through August 2004. RESULTS - For studies that used the exact NCEP definition of the metabolic syndrome, random-effects estimates of combined relative risk were 1.27 (95% CI 0.90-1.78) for all-cause mortality, 1.65 (1,38-1.99) for cardiovascular disease, and 2.99 (1.96-4.57) for diabetes. For studies that used the most exact WHO definition of the metabolic syndrome, the fixed-effects estimates of relative risk were 1.37 (1.09-1.74) for-all-cause mortality and 1.93 (1.39-2.67) for cardiovascular diseased the fixed-effects estimate was 2.60 (1.55-4.38) for coronary heart disease. CONCLUSIONS - These estimates Suggest that the population-attributable fraction for the metabolic syndrome, as it is currently conceived, is similar to 6-7% for all-cause mortality, 12-17% for cardiovascular disease, and 30-52% for diabetes. Further research is needed to establish the use of the metabolic syndrome in predicting risk for death, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes in various population subgroups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Bufor Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 798 Z9 839 U1 4 U2 43 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2005 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1769 EP 1778 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.7.1769 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 940SG UT WOS:000230163800035 PM 15983333 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI Rarer than a blue moon - The use of a diagnostic code for the metabolic syndrome in the US SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID PREVALENCE; ADULTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUL PY 2005 VL 28 IS 7 BP 1808 EP 1809 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.7.1808 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 940SG UT WOS:000230163800046 PM 15983344 ER PT J AU Batz, MB Doyle, MP Morris, JG Painter, J Singh, R Tauxe, RV Taylor, MR Wong, DMAL AF Batz, MB Doyle, MP Morris, JG Painter, J Singh, R Tauxe, RV Taylor, MR Wong, DMAL CA Food Attribution Working Grp TI Attributing illness to food SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; SITES; SURVEILLANCE; ENTERITIDIS; DENMARK; NETWORK AB Identification and prioritization of effective food safety interventions require an understanding of the relationship between food and pathogen from farm to consumption. Critical to this cause is food attribution, the capacity to attribute cases of foodborne disease to the food vehicle or other source responsible for illness. A wide variety of food attribution approaches and data are used around the world including the analysis of outbreak data, case-control studies, microbial subtyping and source tracking methods, and expert judgment, among others. The Food Safety Research Consortium sponsored the Food Attribution Data Workshop in October 2003 to discuss the virtues and limitations of these approaches and to identify future options for collecting food attribution data in the United States. We summarize workshop discussions and identify challenges that affect progress in this critical component of a risk-based approach to improving food safety. C1 Resources Future Inc, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Univ Georgia, Griffin, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Laurel, MD USA. Danish Inst Food & Vet Res, Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Batz, MB (reprint author), Resources Future Inc, 1616 P St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM mbatz@rff.org NR 39 TC 102 Z9 107 U1 1 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2005 VL 11 IS 7 BP 993 EP 999 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 939XS UT WOS:000230106600001 PM 16022770 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Bode, AV Marfin, AA Campbell, GL Ewing, D Mazowiecki, M Pavot, PV Schmitt, J Pape, J Biggerstaff, BJ Petersen, LR AF Sejvar, JJ Bode, AV Marfin, AA Campbell, GL Ewing, D Mazowiecki, M Pavot, PV Schmitt, J Pape, J Biggerstaff, BJ Petersen, LR TI West Nile virus-associated flaccid paralysis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; FACIAL PARALYSIS; LUMBAR PUNCTURE; INFECTION; POLIOMYELITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; DIAGNOSIS; MYELITIS AB The causes and frequency of acute paralysis and respiratory failure with West Nile virus (WNV) infection are incompletely understood. During the summer and fall of 2003, we conducted a prospective, population-based study among residents of a 3-county area in Colorado, United States, with developing WNV-associated paralysis. Thirty-two patients with developing paralysis and acute WNV infection were identified. Causes included a poliomyelitis-like syndrome in 27 (84%) patients and a Guillain-Barre-like syndrome in 4 (13%); 1 had brachial plexus involvement alone. The incidence of poliomyelitislike syndrome was 3.7/100,000. Twelve patients (38%), including 1 with Guillain-Barre-like syndrome, had acute respiratory failure that required endotracheal intubation. At 4 months, 3 patients with respiratory failure died, 2 remained intubated, 25 showed various degrees of improvement, and 2 were lost to followup. A poliomyelitislike syndrome likely involving spinal anterior horn cells is the most common mechanism of WNV-associated paralysis and is associated with significant short- and long-term illness and death. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Centennial Neurol, Greeley, CO USA. Longmont Clin, Longmont, CO USA. McKee Hosp, Loveland, CO USA. Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JSejvar@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2005 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1021 EP 1027 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 939XS UT WOS:000230106600006 PM 16022775 ER PT J AU Factor, SH Levine, OS Harrison, LH Farley, MM McGeer, A Skoff, T Wright, C Schwartz, B Schuchat, A AF Factor, SH Levine, OS Harrison, LH Farley, MM McGeer, A Skoff, T Wright, C Schwartz, B Schuchat, A TI Risk factors for pediatric invasive group A streptococcal disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME; POPULATION-BASED ASSESSMENT; HAEMOPHILUS-INFLUENZAE; PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; PRIMARY VARICELLA; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; ADULTS; BACTEREMIA AB Invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections can be fatal and can occur in healthy children. A case-control study identified factors associated with pediatric disease. Case-patients were identified when Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated from a normally sterile site, and matched controls (>= 2) were identified by using sequential-digit dialing. All participants were noninstitutionalized surveillance-area residents < 18 years of age. Conditional regression identified factors associated with invasive disease: other children living in the home (odds ratio [OR] = 16.85, p = 0.0002) and new use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (OR = 10.64, p = 0.005) were associated with increased risk. More rooms in the home (OR = 0,67, p = 0.03) and household member(s) with runny nose (OR = 0.09, p = 0.002) were associated with decreased risk. Among children, household-level characteristics that influence exposure to GAS most affect development of invasive disease. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Emergency Management, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. RP Factor, SH (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Emergency Management, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM sfactor@health.nyc.gov RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 31 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUL PY 2005 VL 11 IS 7 BP 1062 EP 1066 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 939XS UT WOS:000230106600012 PM 16022781 ER PT J AU Weis, BK Balshawl, D Barr, JR Brown, D Ellisman, M Liov, P Omenn, G Potter, JD Smith, MT Sohn, L Suk, WA Sumner, S Swenberg, J Walt, DR Watkins, S Thompson, C Wilson, SH AF Weis, BK Balshawl, D Barr, JR Brown, D Ellisman, M Liov, P Omenn, G Potter, JD Smith, MT Sohn, L Suk, WA Sumner, S Swenberg, J Walt, DR Watkins, S Thompson, C Wilson, SH TI Personalized exposure assessment: Promising approaches for human environmental health research SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review DE body burden; epidemiology; exposure; exposure assessment; exposure technology; geographic information systems; GIS; sensors ID S-TRANSFERASE M1; GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; AMBIENT AIR-POLLUTION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LUNG-CANCER; DNA-DAMAGE; FLUORESCENT NANOSENSORS; GENETIC-VARIANTS; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; PUBLIC-HEALTH AB New technologies and methods for assessing human exposure to chemicals, dietary and lifestyle factors, infectious agents, and other stressors provide an opportunity to extend the range of human health investigations and advance our understanding of the relationship between environmental exposure and disease. An ad hoc Committee on Environmental Exposure Technology Development was convened to identify new technologies and methods for deriving personalized exposure measurements for application to environmental health studies. The committee identified a "toolbox" of methods for measuring external (environmental) and internal (biologic) exposure and assessing human behaviors that influence the likelihood of exposure to environmental agents. The methods use environmental sensors, geographic information systems, biologic sensors, toxico-genomics, and body burden (biologic) measurements. We discuss each of the methods in relation to current use in human health research; specific gaps in the development, validation, and application of the methods are highlighted. We also present a conceptual framework for moving these technologies into use and acceptance by the scientific community. The framework focuses on understanding complex human diseases using an integrated approach to exposure assessment to define particular exposure-disease relationships and the interaction of genetic and environmental factors in disease occurrence. Improved methods for exposure assessment will result in better means of monitoring and targeting intervention and prevention programs. Key words: body burden, epidemiology, exposure, exposure assessment, exposure technology, geographic information systems, GIS, sensors. C1 NIEHS, DERT, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIEHS, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Neurosci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Tufts Univ, Dept Chem, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Cell Biol & Physiol, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Weis, BK (reprint author), NIEHS, DERT, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 12233,MD EC-27,111 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM weis@niehs.nih.gov OI Potter, John/0000-0001-5439-1500; Omenn, Gilbert S./0000-0002-8976-6074 NR 121 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 6 U2 28 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 113 IS 7 BP 840 EP 848 DI 10.1289/ehp.7651 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 941YT UT WOS:000230250800029 PM 16002370 ER PT J AU Eskenazi, B Warner, M Marks, AR Samuels, S Gerthoux, PM Vercellini, P Olive, DL Needham, L Patterson, DG Mocarelli, P AF Eskenazi, B Warner, M Marks, AR Samuels, S Gerthoux, PM Vercellini, P Olive, DL Needham, L Patterson, DG Mocarelli, P TI Serum dioxin concentrations and age at menopause SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; Cox proportional hazards; dioxin; endocrine disruptors; menopause; Seveso; TCDD ID PREMATURE OVARIAN FAILURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; NATURAL MENOPAUSE; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; ESTROUS CYCLICITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; HOLTZMAN RATS; IN-UTERO; OVULATION AB 2,3,7,8 -Tetrachlorobenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a halogenated compound that binds the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, is a by-product of numerous industrial processes including waste incineration. Studies in rats and monkeys suggest that TCDD may affect ovarian function. We examined the relationship of TCDD and age at menopause in a population of women residing near Seveso, Italy, in 1976, at the time of a chemical plant explosion. We included 616 of the women who participated 20 years later in the Seveso Women's Health Study. All women were premenopausal at the time of the explosion, had TCDD levels measured in serum collected soon after the explosion, and were >= 35 years of age at interview. Using proportional hazards modeling, we found a 6% nonsignificant increase in risk of early menopause with a 10-fold increase in serum TCDD. When TCDD levels were categorized, compared with women in the lowest quintile (< 20.4 ppt), women in quintile 2 (20.4-34.2 ppt) had a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.1 (p = 0.77), quintile 3 (34.3-54.1 ppt) had an HR of 1.4 (p = 0.14), quintile 4 (54.2-118 ppt) had an HR of 1.6 (p = 0.10), and quintile 5 (> 118 ppt) had an HR of 1.1 (p = 0.82) for risk of earlier menopause. The trend toward earlier menopause across the first four quintiles is statistically significant (p = 0.04). These results suggest a nonmonotonic dose-related association with increasing risk of earlier menopause up to about 100 ppt TCDD, but not above. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. SUNY Albany, Sch Publ Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Univ Milan, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, Hosp Desio, Desio, Italy. Univ Milan, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Mangiagalli Hosp, Milan, Italy. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Sch Med, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Med, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM eskenazi@berkeley.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Vercellini, Paolo/K-5295-2016; OI Vercellini, Paolo/0000-0003-4195-0996; Marks, Amy/0000-0002-3047-5379 FU FIC NIH HHS [F06 TW02075-01]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES07171, 2P30-ESO01896-17] NR 60 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 113 IS 7 BP 858 EP 862 DI 10.1289/ehp.7820 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 941YT UT WOS:000230250800032 PM 16002373 ER PT J AU Nuckols, JR Ashley, DL Lyu, C Gordon, SM Hinckley, AF Singer, P AF Nuckols, JR Ashley, DL Lyu, C Gordon, SM Hinckley, AF Singer, P TI Influence of tap water quality and household water use activities on indoor air and internal dose levels of trihalomethanes SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; chlorination; disinfection by-products; exposure; trihalomethane; water use ID DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ADVERSE PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; COMMUNITY DRINKING-WATER; BLADDER-CANCER; SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; HUMAN BLOOD; EXPOSURE; CHLOROFORM; TEMPERATURE AB Individual exposure to trihalomethanes (THMs) in tap water can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal exposure. Studies indicate that activities associated with inhaled or dermal exposure routes result in a greater increase in blood THM concentration than does ingestion. We measured blood and exhaled air concentrations of THM as biomarkers of exposure to participants conducting 14 common household water use activities, including ingestion of hot and cold tap water beverages, showering, clothes washing, hand washing, bathing, dish washing, and indirect shower exposure. We conducted our study at a single residence in each of two water utility service areas, one with relatively high and the other low total THM in the residence tap water. To maintain a consistent exposure environment for seven participants, we controlled water use activities, exposure time, air exchange, water flow and temperature, and nonstudy THM sources to the indoor air. We collected reference samples for water supply and air (pre-water use activity), as well as tap water and ambient air samples. We collected blood samples before and after each activity and exhaled breath samples at baseline and postactivity. All hot water use activities yielded a 2-fold increase in blood or breath THM concentrations for at least one individual. The greatest observed increase in blood and exhaled breath THM concentration in any participant was due to showering (direct and indirect), bathing, and hand dishwashing. Average increase in blood THM concentration ranged from 57 to 358 pg/mL due to these activities. More research is needed to determine whether acute and frequent exposures to THM at these concentrations have public health implications. Further research is also needed in designing epidemiologic studies that minimize data collection burden yet maximize accuracy in classification of dermal and inhalation THM exposure during hot water use activities. C1 Colorado State Univ, Environm Hlth Adv Syst Lab, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Durham, NC USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Nuckols, JR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Environm Hlth Adv Syst Lab, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM jnuckols@colostate.edu NR 39 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 28 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 113 IS 7 BP 863 EP 870 DI 10.1289/ehp.7141 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 941YT UT WOS:000230250800033 PM 16002374 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Caudill, SP Jones, RL Pfeiffer, CM Pirkle, JL Wilder, LC Needham, LL AF Barr, DB Caudill, SP Jones, RL Pfeiffer, CM Pirkle, JL Wilder, LC Needham, LL TI Urinary creatinine and arsenic metabolism - Response SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Reg, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dbarr@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 113 IS 7 BP A442 EP A443 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 941YT UT WOS:000230250800005 ER PT J AU Boyd, HA Flanders, WD Addiss, DG Waller, LA AF Boyd, HA Flanders, WD Addiss, DG Waller, LA TI Residual spatial correlation between geographically referenced observations - A Bayesian hierarchical modeling approach SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MALARIA INCIDENCE RATES; LINEAR MIXED MODELS; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; EMPIRICAL BAYES; SOUTH-AFRICA; INFECTION; GEOSTATISTICS; ERRORS AB Background: Analytic methods commonly used in epidemiology do not account for spatial correlation between observations. In regression analyses, this omission can bias parameter estimates and yield incorrect standard error estimates. We present a Bayesian hierarchical model (BW approach that accounts for spatial correlation, and illustrate its strengths and weaknesses by applying this modeling approach to data on Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Haiti. Methods: A program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis in Haiti assessed prevalence of W. bancrofti infection in 57 schools across Leogane Commune. We analyzed the spatial pattern in the prevalence data using semi-variograms and correlograms. We then modeled the data using (1) standard logistic regression (GLM); (2) non-Bayesian logistic generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) with school-specific nonspatial random effects; (3) BHMs with school-specific nonspatial random effects; and (4) BHMs with spatial random effects. Results: An exponential semi-variogram with an effective range of 2.15 km best fit the data. GLMM and nonspatial BHM point estimates were comparable and also were generally similar with the marginal GLM point estimates. In contrast, compared with the nonspatial mixed model results, spatial BHM point estimates were markedly attenuated. Discussion: The clear spatial pattern evident in the Haitian W. bancrofti prevalence data and the observation that point estimates and standard errors differed depending on the modeling approach indicate that it is important to account for residual spatial correlation in analyses of W. bancrofiti infection data. Bayesian hierarchical models provide a flexible, readily implementable approach to mod-eling spatially correlated data. However, our results also illustrate that spatial smoothing must be applied with care. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Boyd, HA (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol Res, Bldg 206,Room 208,Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. EM hoy@ssi.dk NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JUL PY 2005 VL 16 IS 4 BP 532 EP 541 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000164558.73773.9c PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 939JF UT WOS:000230068000016 PM 15951672 ER PT J AU Nicoletti, A Bartoloni, T Sofia, V Bartalesi, T Chavez, JR Osinaga, R Paradisi, T Dumas, JL Tsang, VCW Reggio, A Hall, AJ AF Nicoletti, A Bartoloni, T Sofia, V Bartalesi, T Chavez, JR Osinaga, R Paradisi, T Dumas, JL Tsang, VCW Reggio, A Hall, AJ TI Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in rural bolivia: A population-based survey SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE neurocysticercosis; epilepsy; Bolivia; epidemiology ID IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT ASSAY; PROPOSED DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA; MAJOR CAUSE; CYSTICERCOSIS; PREVALENCE; SEIZURES; DISEASES AB Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of neurocysticercosis (NCC) in a well-defined prevalent cohort of epilepsy patients in the rural area of the Cordillera province. Methods: We carried out a two-phase door-to-door neuroepidemiologic survey in a sample of 10,124 subjects in a rural area of the Cordillera Province, Bolivia, to detect the prevalence of the most common neurologic disorders including epilepsy. A team of health workers administered a standard screening instrument for neurologic diseases; subjects found positive at the screening phase underwent a complete neurologic examination. Epilepsy patients were diagnosed according to the definition proposed by the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE, 1993). Epilepsy patients identified this way underwent electroencephalographic recording, computed tomography (CT) scan, and serologic evaluation to detect antibodies against Taenia solium by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot. Results: At the end of the survey, we detected 124 defined prevalent epilepsy patients. On the basis of the classification proposed by the ILAE in 1981, partial seizures were the most common type diagnosed (66 patients, 53.3%). Of the 124 patients, 105 underwent CT scan, and a serum sample was taken to detect antibodies against T. solium in 112 patients; for 97 patients, both neuroradiologic and serologic data were available. Considering radiologic, serologic, and clinical features, of these 124 patients, 34 (27.4%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for definitive or probable NCC proposed in 2001. Of these 34 patients 24 (70.6%) had partial seizures. Conclusions: Our data confirm a high frequency of NCC among a well-defined prevalent cohort of epilepsy patients. C1 Univ Catania, Dept Neurosci, I-95125 Catania, Italy. Univ Florence, Inst Infect Dis, Florence, Italy. Hlth Dist Cordillera Prov, Camiri, Bolivia. Hosp San Juan Dios, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. Univ Paris, Hop Avicenne, F-75252 Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. RP Nicoletti, A (reprint author), Univ Catania, Dept Neurosci, Via S Sofia 78, I-95125 Catania, Italy. EM anicolt@unict.it NR 24 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD JUL PY 2005 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1127 EP 1132 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.67804.x PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 944LZ UT WOS:000230431800017 PM 16026566 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Kobau, R Chapman, DP Thurman, DJ Price, P Balluz, LS AF Strine, TW Kobau, R Chapman, DP Thurman, DJ Price, P Balluz, LS TI Psychological distress, comorbidities, and health Behaviors among US adults with seizures: Results from the 2002 National Health Interview Survey SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; seizures; mental health; comorbidities; health behaviors ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS; GENERAL-POPULATION; EPILEPSY; DEPRESSION; RECOGNITION; PREVALENCE; DISORDERS; ANXIETY; IMPACT AB Purpose: To examine the association of seizures with health-related quality of life (HRQOL), physical and psychiatric comorbidities, and health behaviors. Methods: We analyzed data obtained from adults aged 18 years or older (n = 30,445) who participated in the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, an ongoing, computer-assisted personal interview of the non institutional i zed U.S. population. Results: An estimated 1.4% of adults 18 years or older reported being told by a health care professional that they had seizures. Persons with seizures were significantly more likely than those without seizures to report lower levels of education, higher levels of unemployment, pain, hypersomnia and insomnia, and psychological distress (e.g., feelings of sadness, nervousness, hopelessness, and worthlessness). In addition, they were significantly more likely to report insufficient leisure-time physical activity as well as physical comorbidities such as cancer, arthritis, heart disease, stroke, asthma, severe headaches, lower back pain, and neck pain. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that it is advisable for health care professionals to assess psychiatric and physical comorbidities among patients with a history of seizures potentially to improve patient health outcomes. Furthermore, public health surveillance systems should include questions on seizures, epilepsy, and mental health to better examine associations among these disorders and to better identify populations meriting further assessment and intervention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 168 Z9 175 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD JUL PY 2005 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1133 EP 1139 DI 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2005.01605.x PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 944LZ UT WOS:000230431800018 PM 16026567 ER PT J AU Glew, RH Ayaz, FA Millson, M Huang, HS Chuang, LT Sanz, C Golding, JB AF Glew, RH Ayaz, FA Millson, M Huang, HS Chuang, LT Sanz, C Golding, JB TI Changes in sugars, acids and fatty acids in naturally parthenocarpic date plum persimmon (Diospyros lotus L.) fruit during maturation and ripening SO EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Diospyros lotus; date plum persimmon fruit; parthenocarpy; sugars; acids; fatty acids; ripening ID RATS FED CHOLESTEROL; ORGANIC-ACIDS; STRAWBERRY AB The date plum persimmon fruit ( Diospyros lotus L., fam: Ebenaceae) is cultivated throughout northern of Turkey for its edible fruits. Sugars and organic acids were measured during fruit maturation and ripening using HPLC. The analyses showed that fructose and glucose were the main sugars accumulated in the fruit pulp. Fructose and glucose increased up to 43,552.8 mg. 100 g(-1) fw and 35,450.8 mg. 100 g(-1) fw respectively during fruit ripening. Sucrose content remained relatively low and decreased during ripening. The major organic acids found in date plum fruit were citric and malic acids, which increased through the immature and midripe maturity, and then the levels decreased in the overripe fruit. Palmitic acid (16:0), palmitoleic acid ( 16: 1), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1) and linolenic acid (18:3) were among the major fatty acids determined by GC throughout the maturation and ripening of the fruits. The levels of these fatty acids were found to be significantly different (P=0.05) between the three maturity stages. The fruits displayed the level of linoleic acid (0.7%) in low and alpha-linolenic acid (17.8%) in higher quantities, and the combined levels of linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid comprised similar to 19% (120.1 mg. g(-1) dw) of the total fatty acid content in the over ripened fruit. These results show that naturally parthenocarpic date plum fruits have high levels of sugars and organic acids and moderate levels of fatty acids that significantly changed during maturation and ripening. This information can be used by nutritionalists and food technologists to improve the nutrition of local people and develop food products that would be beneficial to human health. C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Karadeniz Tech Univ, Dept Biol, TR-61080 Trabzon, Turkey. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, Columbus, OH USA. CSIC, Inst Grasa, Dept Physiol & Technol Plant Prod, Seville 41012, Spain. NSW Canc Council, Dept Primary Ind, Gosford Hort Inst, Gosford, NSW 2250, Australia. RP Glew, RH (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM faa@ktu.edu.tr RI Golding, John/C-7893-2011; Sanz, Carlos/K-1743-2014; OI Golding, John/0000-0002-6309-2745 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 24 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1438-2377 J9 EUR FOOD RES TECHNOL JI Eur. Food Res. Technol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 221 IS 1-2 BP 113 EP 118 DI 10.1007/s00217-005-1201-9 PG 6 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 945GN UT WOS:000230491100017 ER PT J AU Kramer, RA Marissen, WE Goudsmit, J Visser, TJ Clijsters-Van der Horst, M Bakker, AQ de Jong, M Jongeneelen, M Thijsse, S Backus, HHJ Rice, AB Weldon, WC Rupprecht, CE Dietzschold, B Bakker, ABH de Kruif, J AF Kramer, RA Marissen, WE Goudsmit, J Visser, TJ Clijsters-Van der Horst, M Bakker, AQ de Jong, M Jongeneelen, M Thijsse, S Backus, HHJ Rice, AB Weldon, WC Rupprecht, CE Dietzschold, B Bakker, ABH de Kruif, J TI The human antibody repertoire specific for rabies virus glycoprotein as selected from immune libraries SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE human antibodies; rabies virus; phage display; immune libraries; germ-line usage ID HUMAN MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CLONAL ANALYSIS; BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION; SOMATIC HYPERMUTATION; FILAMENTOUS PHAGE; DISPLAY LIBRARY; FRAGMENTS; SEQUENCES; MICE; IGG AB Antibody phage display technology was used to identify human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize rabies virus (RV). A phage repertoire was constructed using antibody genes harvested from the blood of vaccinated donors. Selections using this repertoire and three different antigen formats of the RV glycoprotein (gp) resulted in the identification of 147 unique antibody fragments specific for the RV gp. Analysis of the DNA sequences of these antibodies demonstrated a large variation in the heavy- and light-chain germ-line gene usage, suggesting that a broad antibody repertoire was selected. The single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies were tested in vitro for RV neutralization, resulting in 39 specificities that neutralize the virus. Of the scFv clones, 21 were converted into full-length human IgG(1) format. Analysis of viral escape variants and binding competition experiments indicated that the majority of the neutralizing antibodies are directed against antigenic site III of the RV gp. The obtained specificities expand the set of human anti-RV antibodies eligible for inclusion in an antibody cocktail aimed for use in rabies post-exposure prophylaxis. C1 Crucell Holland BV, NL-2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP de Kruif, J (reprint author), Crucell Holland BV, POB 2048, NL-2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. EM j.dekruif@crucell.com OI Papaneri, Amy/0000-0003-2144-2441 NR 38 TC 50 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 35 IS 7 BP 2131 EP 2145 DI 10.1002/eji.200526134 PG 15 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 948VY UT WOS:000230745000014 PM 15971273 ER PT J AU Mehta, AJ Henneberger, PK Toren, K Olin, AC AF Mehta, AJ Henneberger, PK Toren, K Olin, AC TI Airflow limitation and changes in pulmonary function among bleachery workers SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE airways disease; ozone exposure; pulmonary function; pulp mill workers ID EXHALED NITRIC-OXIDE; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; LUNG-FUNCTION; GASSING INCIDENTS; REPEATED EXPOSURE; PULPMILL WORKERS; CHLORINE DIOXIDE; OZONE; HEALTH; ASTHMA AB This study investigated whether chronic airflow limitation and rapid decline in pulmonary function were associated with peak exposures to ozone and other irritant gases in pulp mills. Bleachery workers potentially exposed to irritant gassings (n=178) from three Swedish pulp mills, and a comparison group of workers not exposed to irritant gassings (n=54) from two paper mills, were studied. Baseline surveys occurred in 1995-1996, with follow-up surveys in 1998-1999. Participants performed spirometry and answered questions regarding ozone, chlorine dioxide (CIO2), and sulphur dioxide (SO2) gassings. From regression models controlling for potential confounders, declines in both the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (-24 mL(.)yr(-1)) and the forced vital capacity (FVC) (-19 mL(.)yr(-1)) were associated with ClO2/SO2 gassings. At follow-up, the prevalence of chronic airflow limitation (i.e. FEV1/FVC less than the lower limit of normal) was elevated for participants with only pre-baseline ozone gassings and with both pre-baseline and interval ozone gassings, after controlling for potential confounders. These findings suggest that obstructive effects among bleachery workers are associated with ozone gasslings, and that adverse effects on spirometry might also accompany chlorine dioxide/ sulphur dioxide gassings. Peak exposures to irritant gases in pulp mills should be prevented. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Henneberger, PK (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM pkh0@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1183/09031936.05.00083604 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 945JG UT WOS:000230498200021 PM 15994400 ER PT J AU Spector, EB Grody, WW Matteson, CJ Palomaki, GE Bellissimo, DB Wolff, DJ Bradley, LA Prior, TW Feldman, G Popovich, BW Watson, MS Richards, CS AF Spector, EB Grody, WW Matteson, CJ Palomaki, GE Bellissimo, DB Wolff, DJ Bradley, LA Prior, TW Feldman, G Popovich, BW Watson, MS Richards, CS TI Technical standards and guidelines: Venous thromboembolism (Factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210G > A testing): A disease-specific supplement to the standards and guidelines for clinical genetics laboratories SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE factor V; prothrombin; thrombophilia ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C; 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; RISK-FACTORS; FAMILIAL THROMBOPHILIA; HETEROZYGOUS CARRIERS; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; VEIN THROMBOSIS; F2 GENE; MUTATION; RESISTANCE C1 Amer Coll Med Genet, Lab Qual Assurance Mol Subcomm, Bethesda, MD 20914 USA. Amer Coll Med Genet, Lab Qual Assurance Comm, Bethesda, MD USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Tennessee, Med Ctr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Blood Ctr SE Wisconsin Inc, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Spector, EB (reprint author), Amer Coll Med Genet, Lab Qual Assurance Mol Subcomm, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20914 USA. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 7 IS 6 BP 444 EP 453 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000172641.87755.3A PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 949IZ UT WOS:000230779900010 PM 16024978 ER PT J AU Ahrenholz, SH AF Ahrenholz, SH TI An overview of the NIOSH health-related energy research branch occupational radioepidemiology program SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900164 ER PT J AU Daniels, RD AF Daniels, RD TI Radiation exposure assessment for epidemiologic studies SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S61 EP S61 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900165 ER PT J AU Keith, LS Wu, CF AF Keith, LS Wu, CF TI The HPS Laboratory Accreditation Program SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Alpharetta, GA 30022 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S43 EP S43 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900114 ER PT J AU Kubale, TL Daniels, RD Yiin, JH Kinnis, GM Couch, JR Schubauer-Berigan, MK AF Kubale, TL Daniels, RD Yiin, JH Kinnis, GM Couch, JR Schubauer-Berigan, MK TI A nested case-control study of leukemia and ionizing radiation at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S77 EP S77 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900207 ER PT J AU Schubauer-Berigan, MK Macievic, GV Utterback, DF Tseng, CY AF Schubauer-Berigan, MK Macievic, GV Utterback, DF Tseng, CY TI Non-Hodgkin lymphoma & hematopoietic cancer mortality among Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory workers. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45220 USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S77 EP S78 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900208 ER PT J AU Whitcomb, RC Miller, CW AF Whitcomb, RC Miller, CW TI Population monitoring activities associated with the National Response Plan SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S62 EP S62 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900168 ER PT J AU Zaebst, DD AF Zaebst, DD TI The importance of industrial hygiene exposure assessment in radioepidemiology. SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 SU S BP S77 EP S77 PG 1 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 938FS UT WOS:000229985900206 ER PT J AU Leo, NP Hughes, JM Yang, X Poudel, SKS Brogdon, WG Barker, SC AF Leo, NP Hughes, JM Yang, X Poudel, SKS Brogdon, WG Barker, SC TI The head and body lice of humans are genetically distinct (Insecta : Phthiraptera, Pediculidae): evidence from double infestations SO HEREDITY LA English DT Article DE pediculus; head lice; body lice; transmission; population structure; double infestation ID ANOPLURA AB Little is known about the population genetics of the louse infestations of humans. We used microsatellite DNA to study 11 double infestations, that is, hosts infested with head lice and body lice simultaneously. We tested for population structure on a host, and for population structure among seven hosts that shared sleeping quarters. We also sought evidence of migration among louse populations. Our results showed that: (i) the head and body lice on these individual hosts were two genetically distinct populations; (ii) each host had their own populations of head and body lice that were genetically distinct to those on other hosts; and (iii) lice had migrated from head to head, and from body to body, but not between heads and bodies. Our results indicate that head and body lice are separate species. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Griffith Univ, Australian Sch Environm Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. Inner Mongolia Agr Univ, Anim Med Dept, Hohhot 010018, Peoples R China. Dept Sci, Pokhara, Nepal. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Queensland, Inst Mol Biosci, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Leo, NP (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Cooper Rd, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. EM nleo@uqconnect.net NR 17 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0018-067X J9 HEREDITY JI Heredity PD JUL PY 2005 VL 95 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1038/sj.hdy.6800663 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 939ZC UT WOS:000230110700007 PM 15931254 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Chu, M Perlman, DC Kool, J Gage, KL Ettestad, P Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Chu, M Perlman, DC Kool, J Gage, KL Ettestad, P Zaki, SR TI Persistent Yersinia pestis antigens in ischemic tissues of a patient with septicemic plague SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Yersinia pestis; limb ischemia; immunohistochemistry ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; PATHOGENESIS; AMPUTATIONS; PATHOLOGY; ANTHRAX AB In November 2002, a couple from New Mexico traveled to New York where both had fever and unilateral inguinal adenopathy. The husband was in septic shock when he sought medical care and was admitted to an intensive care unit, where he developed ischemic necrosis of his feet which later required bilateral amputation. Yersinia pestis was grown from his blood. Immunohistochemical assays using anti-Y pestis antibodies demonstrated multiple bacteria and granular antigens in and around vessels of the ischemic amputation tissues obtained 20 days after initiation of antibiotics; however, no evidence of Y pestis was present in viable tissues. Immunohistochemical evidence of Y pesos inside vessels of gangrenous feet in this patient underscores the importance of adequate excision of necrotic or partially necrotic tissues because antibiotics cannot be effectively delivered to necrotic and poorly perfused tissues. (C) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, New York, NY 10003 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jguamer@cdc.gov RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 4 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 36 IS 7 BP 850 EP 853 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2005.05.016 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 956NE UT WOS:000231305800023 PM 16084958 ER PT J AU Guenthner, PC Secor, WE Dezzutti, CS AF Guenthner, PC Secor, WE Dezzutti, CS TI Trichomonas vaginalis-induced epithelial monolayer disruption and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication: Implications for the sexual transmission of HIV-1 SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; IN-VITRO; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CELL-LINE; INFECTION; EXPRESSION; MEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PROSTATITIS; URETHRITIS AB The objective of this study was to evaluate potential mechanisms of Trichomonas vaginalis involvement in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. Polarized monolayer integrity of primary cervical and prostate epithelial cells or cell lines cultured with T. vaginalis was measured by monitoring transepithelium resistance. The effect of T. vaginalis isolates on HIV-1 passage through polarized epithelial cell monolayers was evaluated for HIV-1 p24(gag) in the basolateral supernatants. Coincubation with T. vaginalis isolates induced disruption of monolayer integrity and resulted in passage of virus to the basolateral side of the monolayer. Furthermore, there was isolate variability in which two isolates induced greater monolayer damage and increased HIV-1 passage than did the other two isolates. Coincubation of T. vaginalis isolates with acutely HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells enhanced HIV-1 replication. This enhancement was associated with cellular proliferation and activation, as well as with tumor necrosis factor alpha production. In contrast to the monolayer disruption, the effect of T. vaginalis on HIV-1 replication was not isolate dependent. Thus, two mechanisms have been identified that could contribute to the epidemiologic association of trichomoniasis with the sexual transmission of HIV-1. (i) T. vaginalis disruption of urogenital epithelial monolayers could facilitate passage of HIV-1 to underlying layers. (ii) Activation of local immune cells by T. vaginalis in the presence of infectious HIV-1 might lead to increased viral replication. Collectively, these data suggest the need for more vigilant efforts in the diagnosis and treatment of T. vaginalis in women and men, especially in countries with a high prevalence of HIV-1. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Dezzutti, CS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop G19, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM cyd5@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 73 IS 7 BP 4155 EP 4160 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.7.4155-4160.2005 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 940NL UT WOS:000230151100039 PM 15972505 ER PT J AU Schachter, J Morse, SA AF Schachter, J Morse, SA TI Nucleic acid amplification tests in the diagnosis of bacterial STDs SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE nucleic acid amplification tests; sexually transmitted diseases ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; GENITAL ULCER DISEASE; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; REACTION ASSAY; URINE SPECIMENS; VAGINAL SWABS; ASYMPTOMATIC MEN AB Use of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for agents that cause sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has resulted in better identification of these agents, greater understanding of the epidemiology of STDs, and innovative public health/STD control programs. The commercially available NAATs are the most sensitive diagnostic tests we have ever had for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. For STDs for which commercial tests are not available, "home brew" NAATs have been used to great advantage. Use of NAATs has demonstrated unequivocally that clinical diagnosis of genital ulcer disease (GUD) was often inaccurate and that herpes simplex virus was a major, but previously unappreciated, contributor to GUD worldwide. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schachter, J (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 52 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 22 IS 7 BP 323 EP + PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 944XV UT WOS:000230465400013 ER PT J AU Levett, PN Morey, RE Galloway, R Steigerwalt, AG Ellis, WA AF Levett, PN Morey, RE Galloway, R Steigerwalt, AG Ellis, WA TI Reclassification of Leptospira parva Hovind-Hougen et al. 1982 as Turneriella parva gen. nov., comb. nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAMILY LEPTOSPIRACEAE; RELATEDNESS; SEROGROUPS; SEROVARS AB Analysis of the G+C content, DNA-DNA relatedness to other leptospires and 16S rRNA gene sequence of Leptospira parva showed that this species was not related to other Leptospira species. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that Leptospira parva should be transferred to the genus Turneriella as Turneriella parva gen. nov., comb. nov., with strain H-T (=NCTC 11395(T)=ATCC BAA-1111(T)) as the type strain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Sci Div, Belfast BT4 3SD, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Levett, PN (reprint author), Saskatchewan Hlth, Prov Lab, 3211 Albert St, Regina, SK S4S 5W6, Canada. EM plevett@health.gov.sk.ca NR 11 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 55 BP 1497 EP 1499 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63088-0 PN 4 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 949ZU UT WOS:000230828200015 PM 16014471 ER PT J AU Butler, WR Floyd, MM Brown, JM Toney, SR Daneshvar, MI Cooksey, RC Carr, J Steigerwalt, AG Charles, N AF Butler, WR Floyd, MM Brown, JM Toney, SR Daneshvar, MI Cooksey, RC Carr, J Steigerwalt, AG Charles, N TI Novel mycolic acid-containing bacteria in the family Segniliparaceae fam. nov., including the genus Segniliparus gen. nov., with descriptions of Segniliparus rotundus sp nov and Segniliparus rugosus sp nov. SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; RHODOCOCCUS-EQUI; MYCOBACTERIUM; NOCARDIA; DIFFERENTIATION; CLASSIFICATION; ORGANISM; PROPOSAL AB Four strains of novel, rapidly growing, acid-alcohol-fast-staining bacteria were characterized with a polyphasic approach. Isolates were received by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from domestic health department laboratories for reference testing as unidentifiable, clinical mycobacteria. Bacteria were rod-shaped and produced non-pigmented (white to beige), non-photochromogenic, smooth or wrinkled-rough colonies on Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11 media at 33 degrees C. The smooth and wrinkled colony forms were representative of two species with 68.0 and 72.0 mol% DNA G + C content. The cell wall contained meso-diaminopinnelic acid and mycolic acids. Species were characterized by cellular fatty acids of C10:0, C14:0, C16:1 omega 9t, C16:0, C18:1 omega 9c and 10-methyl C18:0 (tuberculostearic acid). HPLC analysis of mycolic acids produced a novel late-emerging, genus-specific mycolate pattern. TLC analysis demonstrated a novel alpha(+)-mycolate. Species were 98.9% similar by comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences; however, the DNA-DNA association was <28%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated an association with Rhodococcus equi, although a DNA-DNA relatedness value of 2% did not support a close relationship. PCR analysis of a proposed, selected actinomycete-specific 439 bp fragment of the 65 kDa heat-shock protein was negative for three of the four isolates. The creation of Segniliparaceae fam. nov. is proposed to encompass the genus Segniliparus gen. nov., including two novel species, the type species Segniliparus rotundus sp. nov. and Segniliparus rugosus sp. nov., with the respective type strains CDC 1076(T) (=ATCC BAA-972(T)=CIP 108378(T)) and CDC 945(T) (=ATCC BAA-974(T) = CIP 108380(T)). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Butler, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wrb1@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 55 BP 1615 EP 1624 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.63465-0 PN 4 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 949ZU UT WOS:000230828200035 PM 16014491 ER PT J AU Levy, MZ Medeiros, EAS Shang, N Soares, MCS Homenko, AS Almeida, RM Garrett, DO Roth, VR Jarvis, WR Wells, CD Binkin, N Laserson, KF AF Levy, MZ Medeiros, EAS Shang, N Soares, MCS Homenko, AS Almeida, RM Garrett, DO Roth, VR Jarvis, WR Wells, CD Binkin, N Laserson, KF TI TST reversion in a BCG-revaccinated population of nursing and medical students, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1997-2000 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; BCG; tuberculin skin test; Brazil ID VACCINATION; SURVIVAL AB SETTING: A major university in Sao Paulo, Brazil, where vaccination against tuberculosis (TB) with bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) was routinely offered to first-year medical and nursing students. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the probability of negative tuberculin skin test (TST) results over a 4-year period following BCG revaccination, and to evaluate the effect of factors associated with reversion. DESIGN: Students were enrolled in 1997, initially given a two-step TST, and were retested annually or biannually for the duration of the study. Data on TB exposures and potential risk factors for TST negativity and reversion were collected through annual surveys. A linear mixture survival model was used to estimate the probability of negative TST results over time. RESULTS: Of 159 students, an estimated 20% had a negative TST result despite revaccination, and a further 31% reverted to negative over 4 years of follow-up. No cofactors significantly affected the probability of reversion. CONCLUSION: Overall, in the absence of reported exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 51% of students revaccinated upon entering nursing or medical school would have a negative TST result by the time they begin their internships. In this recently vaccinated population, reversion was common, suggesting that annual TST screening may remain a useful tool. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Evolut & Ecol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Comissao Epidemiol Hosp, Disciplina Doencas Infecciosas & Parasitarias, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Minist Hlth, Secretariat Hlth Surveillance, Natl Program TB Control, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ottawa Hosp, Infect Prevent & Control Dept, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Inst Super Sanita, Rome, Italy. RP Laserson, KF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kel4@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 9 IS 7 BP 771 EP 776 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 946LP UT WOS:000230574000011 PM 16013773 ER PT J AU Winthrop, KL Scott, J Brown, D Jay, MT Rios, R Mase, S Richardson, D Edmonson, A MacLean, M Flood, J AF Winthrop, KL Scott, J Brown, D Jay, MT Rios, R Mase, S Richardson, D Edmonson, A MacLean, M Flood, J TI Investigation of human contacts: a Mycobacterium bovis outbreak among cattle at a California dairy SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT North American Regional Conference of the International-Union-Against-Tuberculosis-and-Lung-Disease* CY FEB 27, 2004 CL Austin, TX SP Int Union Against Tuberculosis Lung Dis DE Mycobacterium bovis; bovine TB; tuberculosis; occupational hazard ID RAW-MILK CHEESE; SAN-DIEGO; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD; ABATTOIR WORKERS; TUBERCULOSIS; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDREN; DISEASE; MEXICO AB BACKGROUND: In May 2002, a Mycobacterium bovis outbreak occurred among cattle at a California dairy. We investigated to determine whether persons were infected after working with the cattle or drinking their raw milk. METHODS: We identified persons with potential contact with infected cattle, including dairy workers, their family members, and slaughterhouse workers. Persons were given a tuberculin skin test (TST), and their occupational and milk-drinking habits were recorded. RESULTS: Of 88 potential contacts, 78 (90%) were given a TST; 33 (43%) had positive TST results, of whom 32 were Mexican-born (RR 15.8, 95% CI 2.3-108.8). No persons had active tuberculosis. Eighteen (72%) dairy workers, 11 (27%) family members, and four (33%) slaughterhouse workers had positive TST results. After adjusting for Mexican-birth and age, dairy workers were no more likely to have positive TST results than others (adjusted RR 1.2, 95% CI 0.6-2.1). Forty-one (62%) dairy staff and their family members drank raw milk from the dairy; 21 (51%) had positive TST results and were Mexican-born. All 13 US-born raw milk drinkers had negative TST results. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of positive TST results was documented among workers at the affected dairy, although results were not independently associated with contact with infected cattle or milk products. Further assessment of California dairy workers should be considered. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Tulare Cty Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Visalia, CA USA. Merced Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Merced, CA USA. Calif Dept Food & Agr, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Winthrop, KL (reprint author), Good Samaritan Hosp, Legacy Clin, 1200 NW 23rd Ave, Portland, OR 97210 USA. EM kwinthro@lhs.org NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 9 IS 7 BP 809 EP 813 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 946LP UT WOS:000230574000017 PM 16013779 ER PT J AU Colfax, G Buchbinder, S Vamshidar, G Celum, C McKirnan, D Neidig, J Koblin, B Gurwith, M Bartholow, B AF Colfax, G Buchbinder, S Vamshidar, G Celum, C McKirnan, D Neidig, J Koblin, B Gurwith, M Bartholow, B TI Motivations for participating in an HIV vaccine efficacy trial SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE vaccine; clinical trials; motivations; risk behavior; HIV ID GAY MEN; WILLINGNESS; RISK; RECRUITMENT; INFECTION AB Understanding why people join HIV vaccine efficacy trials is critical for trial recruitment and education efforts. We assessed participants' motivations for joining the VaxGen VAX004 study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 multicenter trial. Of 5417 participants, 94% were men who have sex with men (MSM) and 6% were women at risk for heterosexual transmission of HIV Most participants gave altruistic reasons for trial participation: 99% reported having joined to help find an HIV vaccine, and 98% reported having joined to help their community. Some gave more personal reasons: 56% joined to reduce risk behavior and 46% joined to get protection from HIV Additional reasons related to receiving services or compensation included to obtain information about HIV (75%), to receive free HIV testing (34%), and for financial reimbursement (14%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female participants were significantly more motivated than male participants to join the trial for protection and to receive services or compensation (all P < 0.05). Participants with 13 or more sex partners in the 6 months before enrollment were more likely than those with fewer sex partners to report having joined the trial for protection but less likely to have joined to reduce risk behavior (both P < 0.05). Because many participants reported personal protection from HIV as their reason for joining, vaccine trial risk-reduction counseling should continue to emphasize the placebo-controlled trial design and unknown efficacy of the test product, particularly for women and persons with large numbers of sex partners. Because a significant minority of participants reported joining to receive HIV information, HIV testing, and financial reimbursement, a need is indicated for provision of HIV prevention services outside research trials and for monitoring to ensure that participants are not motivated to join trials for financial gain. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Biostat Epidemiol & Intervent Sect, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Howard Brown Hlth Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. Ohio State Univ, Off Responsible Practices, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. VaxGen Inc, Brisbane, CA USA. RP Colfax, G (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Biostat Epidemiol & Intervent Sect, 25 Van Ness Ave,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. EM Grant.Colfax@sfdph.org NR 10 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 359 EP 364 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000152039.88422.ec PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 940YQ UT WOS:000230182200016 PM 15980699 ER PT J AU Paramsothy, P Crouse, C Ahmed, Y Duerr, A Davis, XM Jamieson, DJ AF Paramsothy, P Crouse, C Ahmed, Y Duerr, A Davis, XM Jamieson, DJ TI Do women with HIV infection have different indications for hysterectomy? SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; RISK; PREVALENCE C1 CONRAD Program, Arlington, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Paramsothy, P (reprint author), CONRAD Program, Arlington, VA USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 378 EP 379 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000164026.97425.be PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 940YQ UT WOS:000230182200020 PM 15980703 ER PT J AU Othumpangat, S Kashon, M Joseph, P AF Othumpangat, S Kashon, M Joseph, P TI Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E is a cellular target for toxicity and death due to exposure to cadmium chloride SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROXIMAL TUBULE CELLS; CAP-BINDING PROTEIN; RNA 5' CAP; MESSENGER-RNA; UP-REGULATION; C-MYC; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; RESPONSIVE PROTOONCOGENE; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; INDUCED APOPTOSIS AB Whether translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), the mRNA cap binding and rate-limiting factor required for translation, is a target for cytotoxicity and cell death induced by cadmium, a human carcinogen, was investigated. Exposure of human cell lines, HCT15, PLC/PR/5, HeLa, and Chang, to cadmium chloride resulted in cytotoxicity and cell death, and this was associated with a significant decrease in eIF4E protein levels. Similarly, specific silencing of the expression of the eIF4E gene, caused by a small interfering RNA, resulted in significant cytotoxicity and cell death. On the other hand, overexpression of the eIF4E gene was protective against the cadmium-induced cytotoxicity and cell death. Further studies revealed the absence of alterations in the eIF4E mRNA level in the cadmium-treated cells despite their decreased eIF4E protein level. In addition, exposure of cells to cadmium resulted in enhanced ubiquitination of eIF4E protein while inhibitors of proteasome activity reversed the cadmium-induced decrease of eIF4E protein. Exposure of cells to cadmium, as well as the specific silencing of eIF4E gene, also resulted in decreased cellular levels of cyclin D1, a critical cell cycle and growth regulating gene, suggesting that the observed inhibition of cyclin D1 gene expression in the cadmium-treated cells is most likely due to decreased cellular level of eIF4E. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the exposure of cells to cadmium chloride resulted in cytotoxicity and cell death due to enhanced ubiquitination and consequent proteolysis of eIF4E protein, which in turn diminished cellular levels of critical genes such as cyclin D1. C1 NIOSH, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Joseph, P (reprint author), NIOSH, Mol Carcinogenesis Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM pcj5@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 26 BP 25162 EP 25169 DI 10.1074/jbc.M414303200 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 939ZT UT WOS:000230114000100 PM 15878868 ER PT J AU Yagi, S Booton, GC Visvesvara, GS Schuster, FL AF Yagi, S Booton, GC Visvesvara, GS Schuster, FL TI Detection of Balamuthia mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene DNA in clinical specimens by PCR SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; MANDRILLARIS MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; ANIMALS; HUMANS; AGENT; PATIENT; ASSAY AB Balamathia mandrillaris is a free-living ameba that causes granulomatous amebic encephalitis in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Because of a lack of pathognomonic symptoms and the difficulty in recognizing amebas in biopsied tissues, most cases are not diagnosed or effectively treated, leading to a > 95% mortality. We report here on five cases of balamuthiasis that were diagnosed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) staining of serum for anti-Balamuthia antibodies (titer >= 1:128) and confirmed by IIF of unstained brain tissue sections and/or detection of amebas in hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides. Additionally, we have used the PCR for the detection of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene DNA from the ameba in clinical specimens such as brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from individuals with Balamuthia encephalitis. Balamuthia DNA was successfully detected by the PCR in clinical samples from all five individuals. It was detected in brain tissue from three cases, in CSF from three cases, and in one of two samples of lung tissue from two individuals, but not in two samples of kidney tissue tested. One sample of unfixed brain tissue was culture positive for Balamuthia. In order to test the sensitivity of the PCR for detection of Balamuthia DNA, CSF specimens from two individuals negative for amebic infection were spiked with Balamuthia amebas. We found that it was possible to detect Balamuthia DNA in the PCR mixtures containing mitochondrial DNA from 1 to as little as 0.2 ameba per reaction mixture. A single Balamuthia ameba contains multiple mitochondrial targets; thus, 0.2 ameba represents multiple targets for amplification and is not equivalent to 0.2 of an ameba as a target. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Yagi, S (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM syagi@dhs.ca.gov NR 24 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3192 EP 3197 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3192-3197.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 947AR UT WOS:000230614900025 PM 16000434 ER PT J AU Holmes, DA Purdy, DE Chao, DY Noga, AJ Chang, GJJ AF Holmes, DA Purdy, DE Chao, DY Noga, AJ Chang, GJJ TI Comparative analysis of immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using virus-like particles or virus-infected mouse brain antigens to detect IgM antibody in sera from patients with evident flaviviral infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; NONINFECTIOUS RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SUBVIRAL PARTICLES; DENGUE INFECTIONS; MICE; GLYCOPROTEIN; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOGENESIS; CHALLENGE AB The use of immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) serves as a valuable tool for the diagnosis of acute flaviviral infections, since IgM antibody titers are detectable early, peak at about 2 weeks postinfection, and subsequently decline to lower levels over the next few months. Traditionally, virus-infected tissue culture or suckling mouse brain (SMB) has been the source of viral antigens used in the assay. In an effort to provide a reliable source of standardized viral antigens for serodiagnosis of the medically important flaviviruses, we have developed a eukaryotic plasmid vector to express the premembrane/membrane and envelope proteins which self-assemble into noninfectious virus-like particles (VLPs). In addition to the plasmids for Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) reported earlier, we recently constructed the DENV-1, -3, and -4 VLP expression plasmids. Three blind-coded human serum panels were assembled from patients having recent DENV, SLEV, and WNV infections to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the MAC-ELISA using VLPs or SMB antigens. In addition, serum specimens from patients infected with either Powassan virus or La Crosse encephalitis virus were used to evaluate the cross-reactivity of seven mosquito-borne viral antigens. The results of the present studies showed higher sensitivity when using SLEV and WNV VLPs and higher specificity when using SLEV, WNV, and the mixture of DENV-1 to -4 VLPs in the MAC-ELISA than when using corresponding SMB antigens. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, a plot of the sensitivity versus false positive rate (100 - specificity), was applied to discriminate the accuracy of tests comparing the use of VLPs and SMB antigen. The measurement of assay performance by the ROC analysis indicated that there were statistically significant differences in assay performance between DENV and WNV VLPs and the respective SMB antigens. Additionally, VLPs had a lower cutoff positive/negative ratio than corresponding SMB antigens when employed for the confirmation of current infections. The VLPs also performed better than SMB antigens in the MAC-ELISA, as indicated by a higher positive prediction value and positive likelihood ratio test. Cell lines continuously secreting these VLPs are therefore a significantly improved source of serodiagnostic antigens compared to the traditional sources of virus-infected tissue culture or suckling mouse brain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Chang, GJJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM gxc7@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3227 EP 3236 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3227-3236.2005 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 947AR UT WOS:000230614900031 PM 16000440 ER PT J AU Laserson, KF Yen, NTN Thornton, CG Mai, VTC Jones, W An, DQ Phuoc, NH Trinh, NA Nhung, DTC Lien, TX Lan, NTN Wells, C Binkin, N Cetron, M Maloney, SA AF Laserson, KF Yen, NTN Thornton, CG Mai, VTC Jones, W An, DQ Phuoc, NH Trinh, NA Nhung, DTC Lien, TX Lan, NTN Wells, C Binkin, N Cetron, M Maloney, SA TI Improved sensitivity of sputum smear microscopy after processing specimens with C-18-carboxypropylbetaine to detect acid-fast bacilli: a study of United States-bound immigrants from Vietnam SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SPECIMENS; TUBERCLE-BACILLI; TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIA; NAOH AB The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the specimen-processing method that uses the detergent C-18-carboxypropylbetaine (CB-18) on the sensitivity of acid-fast bacillus (AFB) staining. Vietnamese immigrants with abnormal chest radiographs provided up to three sputum specimens, which were examined for acid-fast bacilli by use of direct auramine and Ziehl-Neelsen staining. The remaining sputum was split; half was cultured, and the other half was incubated with CB-18 for 24 111, centrifuged, and examined for AFB by both staining methods. CB-18 processing improved the sensitivity of AFB staining by 20 to 30% (only differences in auramine sensitivity were statistically significant) but reduced specificity by approximate to 20% (P < 0.05). These findings have direct utility for overseas migrant tuberculosis screening programs, for which maximizing test sensitivity is a major objective. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cho Ray Hosp, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. LLC, Integrated Res Technol, Baltimore, MD USA. Int Org Migrat, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Inst Pasteur, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. RP Laserson, KF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, 1600 clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM klaserson@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 EI 1098-660X J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3460 EP 3462 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3460-3462.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 947AR UT WOS:000230614900069 PM 16000478 ER PT J AU Morris, JM Reasonover, AL Bruce, MG Bruden, DL McMahon, BJ Sacco, FD Berg, DE Parkinson, AJ AF Morris, JM Reasonover, AL Bruce, MG Bruden, DL McMahon, BJ Sacco, FD Berg, DE Parkinson, AJ TI Evaluation of seaFAST, a rapid fluorescent in situ hybridization test, for detection of Helicobacter pylori and resistance to clarithromycin in paraffin-embedded biopsy sections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; SPECIMENS; TISSUE AB A commercially available rapid fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) test, (seaFAST H. pylori Combi-Kit; SeaPro Theranostics International, Lelystad, The Netherlands) was used to simultaneously detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori and determine clarithromycin susceptibility in paraffin-embedded biopsy sections. The FISH method was found to be 97% sensitive, 94% specific for the detection of H. pylori and comparable to agar dilution for the detection of resistance to clarithromycin. C1 CDC, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Morris, JM (reprint author), CDC, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM jmorris@cdc.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 53727] NR 15 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 43 IS 7 BP 3494 EP 3496 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.7.3494-3496.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 947AR UT WOS:000230614900079 PM 16000488 ER PT J AU Dye, BA Selwitz, RH AF Dye, BA Selwitz, RH TI The relationship between selected measures of periodontal status and demographic and behavioural risk factors SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PERIODONTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dental public health; dental research; epidemiology; ordinal regression; periodontal disease; periodontal indices ID TREATMENT NEEDS CPITN; ATTACHMENT LOSS; UNITED-STATES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; OLDER ADULTS; ORAL HEALTH; NHANES-III; DISEASE; PREVALENCE; SEVERITY AB Objective: To assess differences between selected periodontal measures by demographic and behavioural factors in a nationally representative sample of the United States. Methods: Data for 11,347 person's ages 20-79 years from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) were used. Indices and measures constructed from NHANES III data used for this study were: derived community periodontal index (dCPI), attachment loss extent index (ALEI), attachment loss (AL) scores, and a Periodontal Status Measure (PSM) developed for this study. Results: The influence of demographic and behavioural factors varied across the four indices examined in multivariate cumulative logistic models. Moreover, there was significant effect modification by cigarette smoking with age in the ALEI and AL models. The odds ratio (OR) of increasing periodontal disease status among 20-39 year olds as measured by AL or ALEI for current smokers compared with non-smokers were OR=6.2 (95% confidence interval (CI)=4.1, 8.7) and OR=5.6 (95% CI=3.7, 8.7), respectively. In a similar comparison, the OR for dCPI was 2.6 (95% CI=1.7, 3.8). Furthermore, Mexican American ethnicity was generally not significant in any models using dCPI, PSM, AL, or ALEI and prior dental visit was more likely to be significant only in the dCPI and PSM models. Discussion: Among the well-known demographic and behavioural influences on periodontal health status, some, such as race/ethnicity and prior dental visit status have different relationships with differing periodontal measures employed to assess periodontal status. Moreover, potential interactions among cofactors also are dependent upon the measure selected. Periodontal research findings may be influenced significantly by periodontal measure selection and its affect on measurement validity. This may have particular relevance to issues concerning disease surveillance and assessing reduction of disparities in oral health. Consequently, a renewed approach to developing appropriate measures for periodontal epidemiology is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Inst Dent & Craniofacial Res, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Dye, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 4416, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM bfd1@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0303-6979 J9 J CLIN PERIODONTOL JI J. Clin. Periodontol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 BP 798 EP 808 DI 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2005.00742.x PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 937WI UT WOS:000229956300018 PM 15966889 ER PT J AU Boyle, C Alexander, M AF Boyle, C Alexander, M TI Public health research at the CDC: Implications for communication sciences and disorders SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION DISORDERS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Research Symposium CY 2004 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Speech & Hearing Assoc, Natl Inst Deafness & Other Commmun Disorders ID PREVALENCE; AUTISM; RISK AB The following paper provides an overview of public health research at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), with emphasis on research involving speech, language and hearing disorders. Public health research involves a sequence of activities from disease tracking to disease prevention. Public health focuses on populations and works to identify changes in programs and policies that can positively impact population health. This paper uses three recent studies conducted by CDC investigators to illustrate different types of research along the public health prevention continuum, with emphasis on activities involving speech, language, and hearing endpoints. The three examples are: a study of cochlear implants and the subsequent risk of meningitis (illustrative of a public health response); a study examining the prevalence of autism in several U.S. populations (an example of a surveillance or monitoring activity); and a study examining the role of in utero cigarette exposure in the etiology of oral facial clefts (illustrative of a epidemiologic risk factor study). The public health continuum provides an important vehicle for advancing our knowledge of the causes and effective prevention of communication disorders. Learning outcomes: The reader will become familiar with the public health sequence and the manners in which public health research relates to speech, language, and hearing disorders. The reader will be able to identify and discriminate among the components of public health research using the examples provided. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 CDCP, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boyle, C (reprint author), CDCP, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cboyle@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0021-9924 J9 J COMMUN DISORD JI J. Commun. Disord. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 38 IS 4 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2005.02.002 PG 8 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Linguistics; Rehabilitation GA 929LI UT WOS:000229347200002 PM 15862809 ER PT J AU Benson, JM Stagner, BB Martin, GK Friedman, M Durr, SE Gomez, A McDonald, J Fleming, LE Backer, LC Baden, DG Bourdelais, A Naar, J Lonsbury-Martin, BL AF Benson, JM Stagner, BB Martin, GK Friedman, M Durr, SE Gomez, A McDonald, J Fleming, LE Backer, LC Baden, DG Bourdelais, A Naar, J Lonsbury-Martin, BL TI Cochlear function in mice following inhalation of brevetoxin-3 SO JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY A-NEUROETHOLOGY SENSORY NEURAL AND BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE brevetoxin; CBA/CaJ mice; distortion-product otoacoustic emissions; cochlear function ID PRODUCT OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS; AMINOGLYCOSIDE OTOTOXICITY; NOISE EXPOSURE; RATS; ELIMINATION; PBTX-3; ADULT; MOUSE; YOUNG; CBA AB Brevetoxin-3 was shown previously to adversely affect central auditory function in goldfish. The present study evaluated the effects of exposure to this agent on cochlear function in mice using the 2f(1)-f(2) distortion-product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE). Towards this end, inbred CBA/CaJ mice were exposed to a relatively high concentration of brevetoxin-3 (similar to 400 mu g/m(3)) by nose-only inhalation for a 2-h period. Further, a subset of these mice received a second exposure a day later that lasted for an additional 4 h. Mice exposed only once for 2 h did not exhibit any notable cochlear effects. Similarly, mice exposed two times, for a cumulative dose of 6 h, exhibited essentially no change in DPOAE levels. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Miami, NIEHS, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. Jerry L Pettis Mem Vet Adm Med Ctr, Res Serv 151, Loma Linda, CA 92357 USA. RP Martin, GK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol, 4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80202 USA. EM glen.martin2@med.va.gov FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC03114, R01 DC000613, R01 DC003114, DC00613]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES10594, P01 ES010594-05, P01 ES010594] NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-7594 J9 J COMP PHYSIOL A JI J. Comp. Physiol. A -Neuroethol. Sens. Neural Behav. Physiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 191 IS 7 BP 619 EP 626 DI 10.1007/s00359-005-0613-0 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences; Physiology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Neurosciences & Neurology; Physiology; Zoology GA 947EC UT WOS:000230625200004 PM 15902474 ER PT J AU Okoro, CA Denny, CH Greenlund, KJ Benjamin, SM Strine, TW Balluz, LS Mokdad, AH AF Okoro, CA Denny, CH Greenlund, KJ Benjamin, SM Strine, TW Balluz, LS Mokdad, AH TI Risk factors for heart disease and stroke among diabetic persons, by disability status SO JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE diabetes; cardiovascular disease; disability; obesity; BRFSS ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; OLDER WOMEN; ADULTS; COMPLICATIONS; MELLITUS; US; POPULATION; IMPAIRMENT; PREVALENCE; HEALTH AB Objective: To determine whether disabled diabetic persons have a higher prevalence of risk factors for heart disease and stroke than do diabetic persons without disability. Research, design, and methods: Data were analyzed for noninstitutionalized adults in 27 states and the District of Columbia that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in 2001 and/or 2003. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the adjusted prevalence and odds ratios of disabled diabetic persons, by sociodemographic characteristics. The logit form of each model was used to estimate conditional marginal probabilities of risk factors for heart disease and stroke among diabetic persons, by disability status. Results: Diabetic persons with disability were more likely than those without disability to have more risk factors for heart disease and stroke, including insufficient leisure-time physical activity or inactivity (adjusted prevalence: 75.2% vs. 63.3%; P < .001), obesity (58.9% vs. 43.3%; P < .001), hypercholesterolemia (52.6% vs. 48.4%; P = .038), and hypertension (63.9% vs. 56.6%; P < .001). They were also more likely to have one or more, two or more, three or more, and four or more risk factors (97.2% vs. 95.6%, 83.5% vs. 74.0%, 56.5% vs. 41.1%, and 22.2% vs. 13.6%, respectively; P < .005). Conclusions: Diabetic persons with disability are more likely than those without disability to have clusters of risk factors for heart disease and stroke. Health care guidelines specifically targeting diabetic patients with disability may be needed to aid health care providers in addressing these risk factors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Okoro, CA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cokoro@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1056-8727 J9 J DIABETES COMPLICAT JI J. Diabetes Complications PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 201 EP 206 DI 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2005.02.003 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 949FW UT WOS:000230771500003 PM 15993353 ER PT J AU Bello, D Woskie, SR Streicher, RP Stowe, MH Sparer, J Redlich, CA Cullen, MR Liu, YC AF Bello, D Woskie, SR Streicher, RP Stowe, MH Sparer, J Redlich, CA Cullen, MR Liu, YC TI A laboratory investigation of the effectiveness of various skin and surface decontaminants for aliphatic polyisocyanates SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID GUINEA-PIGS; RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY; TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE; EXPOSURE; CONTACT; SENSITIZATION; ASTHMA; SHOPS; MDI AB Isocyanates may cause contact dermatitis and respiratory sensitization leading to asthma. Dermal exposure to aliphatic isocyanates in auto body shops is very common. However, little is known about the effectiveness of available commercial products used for decontaminating aliphatic polyisocyanates. This experimental study evaluated the decontamination effectiveness of aliphatic polyisocyanates for several skin and surface decontaminants available for use in the auto body industry. The efficiency of two major decontamination mechanisms, namely (i) consumption of free isocyanate groups via chemical reactions with active hydrogen components of the decontaminant and (ii) physical removal processes such as dissolution were studied separately for each decontaminant. Considerable differences were observed among surface decontaminants in their rate of isocyanate consumption, of which those containing free amine groups performed the best. Overall, Pine-Solo MEA containing monoethanolamine was the most efficient surface decontaminant, operating primarily via chemical reaction with the isocyanate group. Polypropylene glycol (PPG) had the highest physical removal efficiency and the lowest reaction rate with isocyanates. All tested skin decontaminants performed similarly, accomplishing decontamination primarily via physical processes and removing 70-80% of isocyanates in one wiping. Limitations of these skin decontaminants are discussed and alternatives presented. In vitro testing using animal skins and in vivo testing with field workers are being conducted to further assess the efficiency and identify related determinants. C1 Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Occupat & Environm Med Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Landmark Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Bello, D (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Dept Work Environm, KI 200,1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. EM dbello@hsph.harvard.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1-R01-HL62932]; NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07069]; NIOSH CDC HHS [2 R01 OH034506, 5 R01OH004246]; PHS HHS [MM-0722-04/04, R01H03457] NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 7 IS 7 BP 716 EP 721 DI 10.1039/b503807c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 950YE UT WOS:000230893900010 PM 15986052 ER PT J AU Warner, M Eskenazi, B Patterson, DG Clark, G Turner, WE Bonsignore, L Mocarelli, P Gerthoux, PM AF Warner, M Eskenazi, B Patterson, DG Clark, G Turner, WE Bonsignore, L Mocarelli, P Gerthoux, PM TI Dioxin-like TEQ of women from the Seveso, Italy area by ID-HRGC/HRMS and CALUX SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TCDD; TEQ; CALUX; PCB; PCDD; PCDF ID POLYCHLORINATED AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; HUMAN-SERUM; PLASMA-LEVELS; PCBS; BIPHENYLS; BIOASSAY; CHEMICALS; EXPOSURE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AB Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread environmental contaminants that exist as complex mixtures and are frequently detected at part-per-trillion (ppt) levels in humans. Using isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography/ high- resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS), we measure the PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in serum of a population of 78 women residing in an area near Seveso, Italy here a TCDD explosion occurred in 1976 and where furniture is manufactured. The average total dioxin- like toxic equivalents (TEQ) of these women was 25.3 ppt, lipid-adjusted, comparable to other parts of Europe. TCDD levels, however, were higher among the few women who resided in the exposed area in 1976. We examined the possibility of using the CALUX (chemical-activated luciferase gene expression) bioassay to estimate total TEQ in a small volume of plasma from this population. A total of 32 archived plasma specimens were selected for CALUX bioassay, based on the distribution of Total TEQ by HRGC/HRMS. The CALUX bioassay was performed blind to HRGC/HRMS results with 2ml plasma per replicate analysis. Of 32 samples, 10 were below detection limits in the CALUX bioassay. For the 32 samples, the CALUX-TEQ averaged 25.4 ppt, lipid-adjusted (range: 0-127.6) and was not significantly different from the HRGC/ HRMS Total TEQ average of 31.2 ppt, lipid-adjusted (range: 12.7-88.3) (t = 0.88, P = 0.38), however, the two measures were not significantly correlated (R-s = 0.04, P = 0.82). More validation of the CALUX bioassay with larger larger sample volume is needed before application as an exposure measure in large-scale epidemiologic studies of health effects of dioxin-like compounds. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Xenobiot Detect Syst Inc, Durham, NC USA. Univ Milan, Sch Med, Hosp Desio, Dept Lab Med, Milan, Italy. RP Warner, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mwarner@calmail.berkeley.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [F06 TW02075-01]; NIEHS NIH HHS [2P30-ESO01896-17, R01 ES07171] NR 48 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 310 EP 318 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500407 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 953KZ UT WOS:000231076500003 PM 15383834 ER PT J AU Bennett, D AF Bennett, D TI HIV-1 genetic diversity surveillance in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SEQUENCE-BASED ANALYSIS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; SUBTYPE-B; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; GENOTYPING SYSTEMS; MUTATION PATTERNS; TYPE-1 STRAINS; COTE-DIVOIRE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bennett, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dib1@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 1 BP 4 EP 9 DI 10.1086/430329 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 935PX UT WOS:000229795300002 PM 15942886 ER PT J AU Johnson, JA Li, JF Morris, L Martinson, N Gray, G McIntyre, J Heneine, W AF Johnson, JA Li, JF Morris, L Martinson, N Gray, G McIntyre, J Heneine, W TI Emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 after intrapartum administration of single-dose nevirapine is substantially underestimated SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th Conference on Retroviruses and Oppotunistic Infections CY FEB 22-25, 2005 CL Boston, MA SP Parent Study Prevent Mother Child Transmiss HIV-1, S African Dept Hlth ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PHARMACOKINETICS; PREVENTION; ZIDOVUDINE; INFANT AB Conventional sequence analysis detects human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 drug resistance mutations in similar to 40% of women shortly after they receive intrapartum single-dose nevirapine (SD-NVP). Using sensitive real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the K103N and Y181C resistance mutations, we tested genotyped virus before and after SD-NVP in 50 South African women infected with HIV-1 subtype C. By sequence analysis, 40 women had no detectable resistance mutations, and an additional 6 women were negative for Y181C after SD-NVP. We found K103N in 16 (40%) of 40 women and Y181C in 5 (11%) of 46 women at 6-36 weeks postpartum. Clonal sequencing confirmed K103N in 5 of 5 representative samples and Y181C in 4 of 4 samples. Four of the 5 women with newly identified Y181C also had K103N. These findings indicate that resistance mutations emerged in at least 65% of the women after SD-NVP and emphasize the importance of further research to determine the clinical implications. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Ctr TB Res, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Perinatal HIV Res Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Johnson, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Bldg 15-2611,MS G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jjohnson1@cdc.gov OI , Lynn/0000-0003-3961-7828 NR 14 TC 154 Z9 160 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 DI 10.1086/430741 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 935PX UT WOS:000229795300005 PM 15942889 ER PT J AU Kainer, MA Keshavarz, H Jensen, BJ Arduino, MJ Brandt, ME Padhye, AA Jarvis, WR Archibald, LK AF Kainer, MA Keshavarz, H Jensen, BJ Arduino, MJ Brandt, ME Padhye, AA Jarvis, WR Archibald, LK TI Saline-filled breast implant contamination with Curvularia species among women who underwent cosmetic breast augmentation SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer ID ASPERGILLOSIS; SURGERY AB Background. During December 2000 - July 2001, black sediment was noted in saline-filled silicone breast implants of women who had undergone revision surgery at facility A. Curvularia fungus was isolated from implant saline. Methods. To identify risk factors for contamination with Curvularia species, we performed case-control, retrospective cohort, and laboratory studies and conducted procedural reviews. A case patient was defined as any woman who underwent revision surgery at facility A between January 2000 and June 2001 and had black sediment in her implants. Results. Five patients met the case definition. Contamination was associated with having had surgery performed in operating room (OR) 2 (4/88 vs. 1/140;) and a longer duration of surgery (P <.001). A longer duration spent in the OR was an additional risk factor (P = .005). Curvularia fungus was isolated from the sterile supply room, where saline bottles had been stored under a water-damaged ceiling, and from the corridor outside OR 2; it was also found more commonly from facility A personnel than from non - facility A personnel (12/34 vs. 4/60;). Saline was warmed in a cabinet opposite OR 2, which was maintained at negative pressure differentials, P !.001 then was poured into bowls open to the OR 2 environment before injection into implants. Conclusion. Surgeons should always use closed systems to inflate breast implants. Surgery center infection control measures must include moisture control and balanced ventilation systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. RP Kainer, MA (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, 4th Fl,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM marion.kainer@state.tn.us NR 17 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 192 IS 1 BP 170 EP 177 DI 10.1086/430613 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 935PX UT WOS:000229795300024 PM 15942908 ER PT J AU Diabate, A Dabire, RK Kim, EH Dalton, R Millogo, N Baldet, T Simard, F Gimnig, JE Hawley, WA Lehmann, T AF Diabate, A Dabire, RK Kim, EH Dalton, R Millogo, N Baldet, T Simard, F Gimnig, JE Hawley, WA Lehmann, T TI Larval development of the molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera : Culicidae) in different habitats: A transplantation experiment SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; molecular forms; development; temporary habitats; rice fields ID WEST-AFRICA; INCIPIENT SPECIATION; CHROMOSOMAL FORMS; DNA ANALYSIS; S.S; COMPLEX; TAXA AB We compared the development of the molecular forms of Anopheles gambiae s.s. in different larval habitats. First stage larvae (L1s) of wild-caught females were placed into cages in natural habitats of the M form (rice fields) or the S form (puddles/quarries). Each cage was covered with cloth, allowing exchange of water, solutes, and small particles, including micro organ isms, and was seeded with 100 Us of a single form (M or S) or by a mixture of 50:50 of M and S forms. Emergence success of both forms in puddles and quarries was three-fold higher than in the rice fields. The emergence rate of the S form was higher than that of the M form in both habitats, but the form x habitat interaction was not significant. In temporary larval sites such as puddles, emergence success of the M form was lower in mixed cages than in single form cages, whereas the reverse was true for the S form, suggesting competition between the forms. The median developmental time was not significantly different between forms. Although these findings demonstrate differences between forms, they do not suggest that their spatial segregation is determined by differences in their exploitation of the physical and chemical conditions in these environments. These results should be regarded with caution because small numbers of first stage larvae could pass through the cloth of the cages. C1 IRSS, Ctr Muraz, Lab Parasitol Entomol, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Int Rech Agronom Dev Programme Econap, F-34398 Montpellier, France. IRD, OCEAC, Yaounde, Cameroon. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. RP Diabate, A (reprint author), IRSS, Ctr Muraz, Lab Parasitol Entomol, BP 390, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. RI SIMARD, Frederic/J-9489-2016 OI SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329 NR 22 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 42 IS 4 BP 548 EP 553 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0548:LDOTMF]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 944DR UT WOS:000230406400006 PM 16119542 ER PT J AU Banyai, K Gentsch, JR Schipp, R Jakab, F Meleg, E Mihaly, I Szucs, G AF Banyai, K Gentsch, JR Schipp, R Jakab, F Meleg, E Mihaly, I Szucs, G TI Dominating prevalence of P[8],G1 and P[8],G9 rotavirus strains among children admitted to hospital between 2000 and 2003 in Budapest, Hungary SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE G type; P type; RT-PCR; MAb-EIA; PAGE ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; UNITED-STATES; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; RHESUS ROTAVIRUS; SURFACE-PROTEINS; HIGH-FREQUENCY; SEROTYPE G9; VP4 GENE AB Group A rotaviruses are the main cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea in children, responsible for high mortality in developing countries and a significant socio-economic burden associated with treating the disease in developed countries. Two rotavirus vaccine candidates predicated on either homotypic or heterotypic protection have undergone clinical trials recently and await licensure for routine use. In anticipation of a future vaccination campaign in Hungary, the diversity of rotaviruses collected from Budapest between 2000 and 2003 were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the viral genome and by serotyping and genotyping of the outer capsid genes, VP7 and VP4. Among 2,763 rotavirus positive specimens available for analysis, we were able to determine the electropherotype of 2,227, and, of these, 1,517 (68.1%) were subjected to G typing and 1,173 (52.7%) were subjected to P typing. We successfully G typed 1,481 (97.6%) and P typed 1,130 (96.3%) strains, respectively. A total of six G types (G1, 50.2%; G2, 2.2%; G3, 1.7%; G4, 5.8%; G6, 0.6%; and G9, 34.4%) and four P types (P[4], 3.0%; P[6], 0.7%; P[8], 89.9%; and P[9], 1.7%) were identified in nine individual combinations (P[8],G1; P[4],G2; P[8],G3; P[8],G4; P[8],G9; P[6],G4; P[4],G1; P[9],G3; and P[9],G6). The prevalence of VP7 and VP4 specificities varied from year to year. In this regard, a shift in serotype predominance from G1 in 2000-2001 (61.8%) and 2001-2002 (69.7%) to G9 in 2002-2003 (51.3%) was an intriguing observation that has been reported recently in some other countries, as well. The emergence of serotype G9 rotaviruses in Hungary and other parts of the world may have implications for future vaccine development and use, particularly, if current vaccine candidates cannot confer adequate homotypic or heterotypic protection against these strains. (C) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc C1 Baranya Cty Inst State Publ Hlth Serv, Reg Lab Virol, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Pecs, Fac Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Pecs, Hungary. St Laszlo Cent Hosp Infect Dis, Lab Diagnost Virol, Budapest, Hungary. RP Banyai, K (reprint author), Baranya Cty Inst State Publ Hlth Serv, Reg Lab Virol, Szabadsag Ut 7, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. EM bkrota@hotmail.com RI Jakab, Ferenc/B-1536-2016; OI Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 NR 50 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3 BP 414 EP 423 DI 10.1002/jmv.20372 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 932LW UT WOS:000229556200019 PM 15902709 ER PT J AU Riley, PL Anderson, B Noguchi, L Vindigni, SM AF Riley, PL Anderson, B Noguchi, L Vindigni, SM TI Caring for global caregivers: A call to action SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Loma Linda Univ, Dept Hlth Promot & Educ, Sch Publ Hlth, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Magee Womens Hosp, Div Reprod Infect Dis & Immunol, Dept OB GYN RS, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Riley, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1526-9523 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 50 IS 4 BP 265 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.03.002 PG 4 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 942BZ UT WOS:000230259200001 PM 15973259 ER PT J AU Dott, MM Orakail, N Ebadi, H Hernandez, F MacFarlane, K Riley, PL Prepas, R McCarthy, BJ AF Dott, MM Orakail, N Ebadi, H Hernandez, F MacFarlane, K Riley, PL Prepas, R McCarthy, BJ TI Implementing a facility-based maternal and perinatal health care surveillance system in Afghanistan SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE Afghanistan; surveillance; maternal mortality; perinatal mortality ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; MORTALITY; RIGHTS; DEATH AB Afghanistan has one of the highest maternal and perinatal mortality rates in the world. Lack of a health information system presented obstacles to efforts to improve the quality of care and reduce mortality. To rapidly overcome this deficit in a large women's hospital, staff implemented a facility-based maternal and perinatal surveillance system known as "BABIES," which is specially designed for intervention and evaluation in low-resource settings. During a 12-month period, 15,509 deliveries resulted in 28 maternal deaths and a perinatal mortality rate of 56 per 1000 births. When stratified by birth weight and perinatal period of death, fetuses weighing at least 2500 g who died during the antepartum period contributed the most cases of perinatal death. This finding suggests that the greatest reduction in perinatal mortality would be realized by increasing access to high-quality antepartum care. Among fetuses weighing at least 2500 g, 93 deaths occurred during the intrapartum period. These deaths will continue to be monitored to ensure that the chosen interventions are improving intrapartum care for mothers and newborns. Because of its simplicity, flexibility, and ability to identify interventions, BABIES is a valuable tool that enables clinicians and program managers to prioritize resources. (c) 2005 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rabia Balkhi Hosp Kabul, Afghan Minist, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Riley, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Div Reprod Hlth, Mail Stop D-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pyr0@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1526-9523 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 50 IS 4 BP 296 EP 300 DI 10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.02.013 PG 5 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 942BZ UT WOS:000230259200008 PM 15973266 ER PT J AU Curwin, BD Hein, MJ Sanderson, WT Nishioka, MG Reynolds, SJ Ward, EM Alavanja, MC AF Curwin, BD Hein, MJ Sanderson, WT Nishioka, MG Reynolds, SJ Ward, EM Alavanja, MC TI Pesticide contamination inside farm and nonfarm homes SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE children; house dust; pesticide exposure; surface wipe ID AGRICULTURAL-WORKERS; LAWN APPLICATIONS; CHILDREN; EXPOSURE; DUST; 2,4-D AB Twenty-five farm (F) households and 25 nonfarm (NF) households in Iowa were enrolled in a stud), investigating agricultural pesticide contamination inside homes. Air, surface wipe, and dust samples were collected. Samples from 39 homes (20 F and 19 NF) were analyzed for atrazine, metolachlor, acetochlor, alachlor, and chlorpyrifos. Samples from I I homes (5 F and 6 NF) were analyzed for glyphosate and 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyac etic acid (2,4-D). Greater than 88% of the air and greater than 74% of the wipe samples were below the limit of detection (LOD). Among the air and wipe samples, chlorpyrifos was detected most frequently in homes. In the dust samples, all the pesticides were detected in greater than 50% of the samples except acetochlor and alachlor, which were detected in less than 30% of the samples. Pesticides in dust samples were detected more often in farm homes except 2,4-D, which was detected in 100% of the farm and nonfarm home samples. The average concentration in dust was higher in farm homes versus nonfarm homes for each pesticide. Further analysis of the data was limited to those pesticides with at least 50% of the dust samples above the LOD. All farms that sprayed a pesticide had higher levels of that pesticide in dust than both farms that did not spray that pesticide and nonfarms; however, am), atrazine and metolachlor were significantly higher. The adjusted geometric-mean pesticide concentration in dust for farms that sprayed a particular pesticide ranged from 94 to 1300 ng/g compared with 12 to 1000 ng/g for farms that did not spray a particular pesticide, and 2.4 to 320 ng/g for nonfarms. The distributions of the pesticides throughout the mrious rooms sampled suggest that the strictly agricultural herbicides atrazine and metolachlor are potentially being brought into the home on the farmer's shoes and clothing. These herbicides are not applied in or around the home but they appear to be getting into the home paraoccupationally. For agricultural pesticides, take-home exposure may be an important source of home contamination. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Curwin, BD (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM bcurwin@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 16 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 2 IS 7 BP 357 EP 367 DI 10.1080/15459620591001606 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 944ED UT WOS:000230408000005 PM 16020099 ER PT J AU Lawson, BM Fitzhugh, EC Hall, SP Franklin, C Hutwagner, LC Seeman, GM Craig, AS AF Lawson, BM Fitzhugh, EC Hall, SP Franklin, C Hutwagner, LC Seeman, GM Craig, AS TI Multifaceted syndromic surveillance in a public health department using the early aberration reporting system SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE bioterrorism; public health surveillance; syndrome AB Local health departments concerned with early detection of potential terrorist threats are beginning to explore novel approaches to syndromic surveillance. Using the Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS) developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a metropolitan health department in Tennessee and five community partners have agreed to exchange data in order to implement a multifaceted syndromic surveillance system for early detection of a biological attack. This article describes how we used EARS as the foundation for implementing a surveillance system that encompasses a rich variety of data sources. We address technical requirements for operating EARS, recommend staffing and training prerequisites, describe the involvement of our data partners, and provide details related to data transfer and analysis, review, and response protocol. Other health departments may find this information useful as a general model for implementing EARS-based syndromic surveillance systems in their own jurisdictions. C1 Knox Cty Hlth Dept, Knoxville, TN 37917 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys Act & Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Ft Sanders Reg Med Ctr, Knoxville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. RP Lawson, BM (reprint author), Knox Cty Hlth Dept, 140 Dameron Ave, Knoxville, TN 37917 USA. EM brian.lawson@knoxcounty.org NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 274 EP 281 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 934IM UT WOS:000229702500003 PM 15958924 ER PT J AU Klaucke, D Vogt, R AF Klaucke, D Vogt, R TI A case exercise: Outbreak investigation at a Vermont community hospital SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE case study; outbreak investigation; xylene AB Fifteen employees became ill with headaches, nausea, and vomiting due to chemical poisoning at a Vermont community hospital on January 3, 1980. An epidemiologic and environmental investigation was conducted to determine the source of the illness. The investigation discovered that the vapors of a chemical called xylene, which had previously been disposed of down a drain, were drawn back through the sewer into specific work areas. These vapors were determined to be the most likely cause of the illnesses. This outbreak investigation was used to create an exercise that has been used in a variety of teaching settings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klaucke, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 934IM UT WOS:000229702500007 PM 15958928 ER PT J AU Simmons, N Brborovic, O Fimka, T Robie, BD Bull, DL Spasovski, M Baker, EL AF Simmons, N Brborovic, O Fimka, T Robie, BD Bull, DL Spasovski, M Baker, EL TI Public health capacity building in southeastern Europe: A partnership between the Open Society Institute and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE Andrija Stampar School of Public Health; Open Society Institute; US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; health policy development; health planning; public health; Croatia; Macedonia; former Yugoslavia ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; DECENTRALIZATION; SECTOR; CARE; YUGOSLAVIA; SYSTEMS; POLICY; STATE; NEEDS AB The political disintegration of former Yugoslavia inaugurated in 1991 resulted in the decentralization of health systems in the federation's successor nation-states. Efforts by the Open Society Institute improved public health planning and management needs consequent to health sector changes. Beginning in Croatia in 2001, the Institute developed ongoing collaborations between Andrija Stampar School of Public Health and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2003 and 2004, it expanded its project to include the republics of Macedonia and of Serbia and Montenegro. C1 Open Soc Inst, Network Publ Hlth Program, New York, NY 10019 USA. Andrja Stampar Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Social Med, Zagreb, Croatia. Univ St Cyril & Methudius, Sch Med, Skopje 91000, Macedonia. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sustainable Management Dev Program, Atlanta, GA USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, N Carolina Inst Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Simmons, N (reprint author), Open Soc Inst, Network Publ Hlth Program, Human Capac Bldg,400 W 58th St,4th Floor, New York, NY 10019 USA. EM nsimmons@sorosny.org NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 351 EP 356 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 934IM UT WOS:000229702500015 PM 15958936 ER PT J AU Sobel, J Mixter, CG Kolhe, P Gupta, A Guarner, J Zaki, S Hoffman, NA Songer, JG Fremont-Smith, M Fischer, M Killgore, G Britz, PH MacDonald, C AF Sobel, J Mixter, CG Kolhe, P Gupta, A Guarner, J Zaki, S Hoffman, NA Songer, JG Fremont-Smith, M Fischer, M Killgore, G Britz, PH MacDonald, C TI Necrotizing enterocolitis associated with Clostridium perfringens type A in previously healthy north American adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Article ID ENTERITIS NECROTICANS PIGBEL; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; BROILER-CHICKENS; BEL; DISEASE; ENTEROTOXEMIA; PATHOGENESIS; PIGLETS; TOXIN; INFECTION AB BACKGROUND: Necrotizing enteritis associated with Clostridium perfringens type C ("pigbel") is a well-known syndrome in severely protein-deprived populations in the Pacific. It is exceedingly rare in the developed world. C. perftingens type A is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis and, in a handful of infections, has been reported in association with a syndrome resembling necrotizing enteritis. STUDY DESIGN: This study includes a case series and literature review. Charts and autopsy reports from four patients with adult necrotizing enterocolitis (ANEC) were reviewed. C perftingens isolates were subtyped by mouse bioassay and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Fixed tissue specimens were tested with an anticlostridial antibody using an immunohistochemical assay. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2003, ANEC developed in four previously healthy men; three died. The small bowel was affected in three patients and the colon in two patients. Portal or mesenteric vein thrombosis occurred in three patients. C perftingens type A was isolated from three patients and immunohistochemical assay demonstrated clostridial antigens limited to affected areas of the intestine of all four. The nonculture positive patient had a strong epidemiologic link to one of the others, and a compatible clinical course. C perftingens of the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-defined molecular subtyped was isolated from stool samples of one patient, his wife, and food from a restaurant they patronized. CONCLUSIONS: ANEC associated with C perftingens type A infection occurred in four North American adults. Culture for C perftingens type A should be performed in cases of ANEC. Alternative tests such as immunohistochemical assay were diagnostically useful. Additional research might uncover virulence factors, host factors, and the burden of disease in the population. (c) 2005 by the American College of Surgeons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fulton Cty Dept Hlth & Wellness, Atlanta, GA USA. Exeter Hosp, Exeter, NH USA. Reading Hosp, Med Ctr, Reading, PA USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Reading, PA USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 201 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.02.029 PG 9 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 940NK UT WOS:000230151000014 PM 15978443 ER PT J AU Sattin, RW Easley, KA Wolf, SL Chen, Y Kutner, MH AF Sattin, RW Easley, KA Wolf, SL Chen, Y Kutner, MH TI Reduction in fear of falling through intense Tai Chi exercise training in older, transitionally frail adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fear of falling; exercise; balance; aging; tai chi ID CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTION; AEROBIC EXERCISE; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; COMMUNITY; EFFICACY; BALANCE; CHUAN; PRACTITIONERS; INTERVENTION; RESTRICTION AB OBJECTIVES: To determine whether an intense tai chi exercise program could reduce fear of falling better than a wellness education (WE) program in older adults who had fallen previously and meet criteria for transitioning to frailty. DESIGN: Cluster-randomized, controlled trial of 48 weeks' duration. SETTING: Ten matched pairs of congregate living facilities in the greater Atlanta area. PARTICIPANTS: Sample of 291 women and 20 men, aged 70 to 97. MEASUREMENTS: Activity-related fear of falling using the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and the Fall Efficacy Scale at baseline and every 4 months for 1 year. Demographics, time to first fall and all subsequent falls, functional measures, Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, medication use, level of physical activity, comorbidities, and adherence to interventions. RESULTS: Mean ABC was similar in both cohort groups at the time of randomization but became significantly higher (decreased fear) in the tal chi cohort at 8 months (57.9 vs 49.0, P <.001) and at study end (59.2 vs 47.9, P <.001). After adjusting for covariates, the mean ABC after 12 months of intervention was significantly greater in the tal chi group than in the WE group, with the differences increasing with time (mean difference at 12 months = 9.5 points, 95 % confidence interval = 4.8-14.2, P <.001). CONCLUSION: Tal chi led to a significantly greater reduction in fear of falling than a WE program in transitionally frail older adults. The mean percentage change in ABC scores widened between tal chi and WE participants over the trial period. Tai chi should be considered in any program designed to reduce falling and fear of falling in transitionally frail older adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury & Disabil Outcomes & Programs, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sattin, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury & Disabil Outcomes & Programs, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, F-41,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rsattin@cdc.gov RI Easley, Kirk/K-6910-2015 OI Easley, Kirk/0000-0003-4419-2617 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 14767] NR 50 TC 94 Z9 96 U1 10 U2 29 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1168 EP 1178 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53375.x PG 11 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 944WB UT WOS:000230460500012 PM 16108935 ER PT J AU Dean, HD Steele, CB Satcher, AJ Nakashima, AK AF Dean, HD Steele, CB Satcher, AJ Nakashima, AK TI HIV/AIDS among minority races and ethnicities in the United States, 1999-2003 SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; minority groups ID TRENDS; BLACK; AIDS AB Background: During June 1981 to June 1982, 37% of more than 400 cases of AIDS reported to the CDC were in minorty races and ethnicities. In 2003, 72% of the estimated 43,171 cases of AIDS diagnosed in the 50 states; District of Columbia; and U.S. dependencies, possessions and free nations were in minority races and ethnicities. Methods: We analyzed HIV/AIDS data for 2000-2003 reported by the 32 states that have had confidential name-based reporting of HIV infection since 1999. For analysis of AIDS data, we used data for 1999-2003 reported by the 50 states and the District of Columbia. HIV/AIDS and AIDS data were statistically adjusted for reporting delays and redistribution of cases initially reported without risk factors. Results: For all years, the numbers of HIV/AIDS and AIDS diagnoses were consistently higher among non-Hispanic blacks than among other races and ethnicities. In the 32 states with HIV reporting, the HIV/AIDS diagnosis rate in 2003 was 74 per 100,000 for blocks, 25 per 100,000 for Hispanics, 11 per 100,000 for American Indians/Alaska Natives, nine per 100,000 for whites, and seven per 100,000 for Asians/Pacific Islanders. The rates for persons living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2003 were highest for blacks (765 per 100,000) and Hispanics (220 per 100,000). In the 50 states and the District of Columbia, AIDS diagnosis rates in 2003 were 58 per 100,000 for blacks, 20 per 100,000 for Hispanics, eight per 100,000 for American Indians/Alaska Natives, and four per 100,000 for Asians/Pacific Islanders. Conclusion: HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects minority races and ethnicities in the United States. To reduce rates of HIV/AIDS in these populations, effective and culturally appropriate prevention interventions must be developed and implemented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dean, HD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-07,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hdean@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 97 IS 7 SU S BP 5S EP 12S PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 018BK UT WOS:000235737600002 PM 16080451 ER PT J AU Whitmore, SK Satcher, AJ Hu, S AF Whitmore, SK Satcher, AJ Hu, S TI Epidemiology of HlV/AlDS among non-Hispanic black women in the United States SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; black; women; epidemiology ID HIV-INFECTION; AIDS AB Background: HIV/AIDS has emerged as a persistent health threat to black women in the United States. For the past decade, HIV disease has been among the top 10 leading causes of death for this population. Methods: We analyzed national HIV surveillance data from 29 states with confidential name-based HIV infection reporting that have conducted integrated HIV/AIDS surveillance since at least 1998. We also analyzed AIDS surveillance data from all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Results: In 2002, black women represented 14% of all women in the 29 states whose HIV data were analyzed but 72.3% of annual HIV infection diagnoses among women. In that same year, black women were diagnosed with HIV infection at a rate of 68.7 per 100,000, approximately 23 times the rate for white women (three per 100,000) and four times that for Hispanic women (17.2 per 100,000). Likewise, in 2002, black women represented 13% of all women in the 50 states and the District of Columbia but an estimated 67.8% of new AIDS diagnoses among women. In that same year, black women were diagnosed with AIDS at a rate of 48 per 100,000, approximately 23 times the rate for white women (2.1 per 100,000) and more than four times that for Hispanic women (10.6 per 100,000). Conclusions: Because block women are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS, effective strategies are needed to prevent new HIV infections, to detect HIV infections early and to assure adequate treatment for black women who are infected with HIV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC Informat Technol Support Contract, Northrop Grumman Miss Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitmore, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Swhitmore@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 97 IS 7 SU S BP 19S EP 24S PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 018BK UT WOS:000235737600004 PM 16080453 ER PT J AU Guenther-Grey, CA Varnell, S Weiser, JI Mathy, RM O'Donnell, L Stueve, A Remafedi, G AF Guenther-Grey, CA Varnell, S Weiser, JI Mathy, RM O'Donnell, L Stueve, A Remafedi, G CA Community Intervention Trial Youth TI Trends in sexual risk-taking among urban young men who have sex with men, 1999-2002 SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; minority; gay and bisexual men; youth; sexual behavior ID HIV-INFECTION; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY; BEHAVIOR; PREVALENCE; PARTNERS AB As part of an HIV prevention study, 15-25 year-old young men who have sex with men (YMSM) were surveyed in community settings annually from 1999 to 2002. Data are presented from six comparison communities in the study; these communities recruited Latinos (Jackson Heights, NYC; San Gabriel Valley, CA), African Americans (Atlanta, GA); Asians/Pacific Islanders (San Diego, CA); and primarily white men (Detroit, MI and Twin Cities, MN). Men were asked about unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in the post three months with male partners. The prevalence of UAI reported in these six communities ranged 27-35% in 1999, compared with 14% to 39% in 2002. Significant reductions in UAI over time were observed in Jackson Heights and San Gabriel Valley. A quadratic trend was noted in Detroit, with a significant increase in UAI from 1999 to 2000 followed by a significant decrease in UAI from 2000 to 2002. There was a nonsignificant increase in UAI in the Twin Cities, and no significant trends in UAI in Atlanta or Son Diego. Behavioral trends among YMSM vary considerably across subpopulations and highlight the necessity of local behavioral surveillance and culturally tailored prevention efforts for specific racial and ethnic groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. Univ Minnesota Youth & AIDS Projects, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN USA. Presentat Coll, Aberdeen, SD USA. Educ Dev Ctr, Newton, MA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Childrens Hosp Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Guenther-Grey, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E37, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. EM CGuenther-Grey@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 97 IS 7 SU S BP 38S EP 43S PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 018BK UT WOS:000235737600007 PM 16080456 ER PT J AU Millett, G Malebranche, D Mason, B Spikes, P AF Millett, G Malebranche, D Mason, B Spikes, P TI Focusing "down low": Bisexual black men, HIV risk and heterosexual transmission SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE down-low; African American; black; men who have sex with men; HIV/AIDS ID NEW-YORK-CITY; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; AIDS BEHAVIORAL SURVEYS; UNITED-STATES; CONDOM USE; FEMALE PARTNERS; HISPANIC YOUTH; SEX AB Introduction: Black men who have sex with men (MSM) and women but who do not identify as gay or disclose their bisexual activities to main female partners, also known as men "on the down-low," have been cited as the main reason for the increase in HIV infections in black women. Methods: Three online databases (PsychInfo, MEDLINE and AIDSLINE) were searched for scientific articles related to men on the down-low. A total of 24 articles and two conference abstracts were selected for review. Results: Data from existing studies of MSM reveal low agreement between professed sexual identity and corresponding sexual behavior among black and other MSM; show that black MSM are more likely than MSM of other racial or ethnic groups to be bisexually active or identified; and, compared with white MSM, are less likely to disclose their bisexual or homosexual activities to others. However, black MSM who do not disclose their homosexual or bisexual activities engage in a lower prevalence of HIV risks than black MSM who do disclose; and black men who are currently bisexually active account for a very small proportion of the overall population of black men (2%). Conclusion: The high prevalence of HIV in the black community and the greater likelihood of bisexuality among black men place heterosexual black women at risk for HIV infection. However, the contribution of high-risk heterosexual black men to the rising HIV caseload among black women has been largely ignored. Future research must evaluate the relative contributions of bisexual men and exclusively heterosexual black men to HIV cases among black women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Millett, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM GMillett@cdc.gov NR 78 TC 108 Z9 109 U1 3 U2 22 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 97 IS 7 SU S BP 52S EP 59S PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 018BK UT WOS:000235737600009 PM 16080458 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF AF Gillum, RF TI Carotid endarterectomy in older women and men in the United States: Trends in ethnic disparities SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE carotid endarterectomy; blacks; Hispanics; stroke ID MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; CARDIOVASCULAR PROCEDURES; INCIDENCE RATES; STROKE; RACE; BLACKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; SERVICES; STENOSIS AB Trends in utilization of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) among elderly ethnic minorities have received little attention. Data from the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services were examined for the years 1990 through 2000. In women and men, the rate of CEA per 100,000 non-HMO beneficiaries aged >= 65 years increased in African Americans and in European Americans between 1990 and 1995, with only small changes thereafter. Between 1990 and 2000, the ratio of rates in European Americans to those in African Americans have decreased slightly, i.e., in women from 2.63 in 1990 to 2.24 (15%) in 2000 and in men from 3,94 to 3.39 (14%). Large ethnic differences in utilization of CEA persist in the elderly requiring further evaluation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6424, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 97 IS 7 BP 957 EP 962 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 017AF UT WOS:000235665800003 PM 16080665 ER PT J AU Ross, LE Uhler, RJ Williams, KN AF Ross, LE Uhler, RJ Williams, KN TI Awareness and use of the prostate-specific antigen test among African-American men SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE prostate cancer; screening; prostate-specific antigen ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; SCREENING PRACTICES; CANCER; KNOWLEDGE; CARCINOMA; BLACKS; WHITES; STAGE; AGE AB Although African-American men have a greater burden of prostate cancer than whites and other racial and ethnic groups, few studies on the burden of prostate cancer have focused on African Americans specifically. We used a sample of African-American men (N=736) who participated in the 2000 National Health Interview Survey to explore their awareness of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. Among African-American men aged >= 45 with no history of prostate cancer, 63% had heard of the PSA test and 48% had been tested. Bivariate analyses showed significant associations between sociodemographic, family composition, health status and perceived risk with having heard of the PSA test and having been tested, The multivariate model showed significant associations between having heard of the PSA test and age, level of education, living in an MSA, and having private or military health insurance. For ever being tested, the multivariate model showed significant associations for age, private or military health insurance, being in fair or poor health, and having a family history of prostate cancer. Some of the correlates, such as age, increased levels of education and being married, were consistent with previous studies, but other correlates, such as metropolitan statistical area, health status and perceived risk, differed from previous studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ross, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lor3@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 97 IS 7 BP 963 EP 971 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 017AF UT WOS:000235665800004 PM 16080666 ER PT J AU Huhn, GD Adam, B Ruden, R Hilliard, L Kirkpatrick, P Todd, J Crafts, W Passaro, D Dworkin, MS AF Huhn, GD Adam, B Ruden, R Hilliard, L Kirkpatrick, P Todd, J Crafts, W Passaro, D Dworkin, MS TI Outbreak of travel-related pontiac fever among hotel guests illustrating the need for better diagnostic tests SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference of the International-Society-of-Travel-Medicine CY MAY 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY SP Int Soc Travel Med ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; LEGIONELLA-PNEUMOPHILA; ANTIGEN; WHIRLPOOL; PNEUMONIA; EPIDEMIC AB Background: Pontiac fever (PF), a legionellosis with influenza-like symptoms and high attack rates, is rarely reported. Travel-related outbreaks can elude detection because infected persons are often widely removed geographically from the transmission source before illness onset. Thirty-one persons staying at an Illinois hotel during August 9 to 11, 2002, reported influenza-like symptoms to local health departments within 24 to 48 hours of checkout. We investigated to identify the cause and source of illness to guide control measures. Methods: Hotel water samples were collected for culture. A telephone questionnaire detailing illness symptoms and exposures was administered to all who were guests at the hotel from August 9 to 15 (n = 380). A case was defined as onset of fever, headache, and myalgia in a guest in the 14 days following the hotel stay. Patient sera were tested by hemagglutination assay for antibodies to Legionella species. Results: Among 204 questionnaire respondents from 15 states and Canada, 50 met the case definition. Among persons exposed to the swimming pool/whirlpool spa area, 63% (47 of 75) became ill versus 3% (3 of 110) of unexposed persons (relative risk 23.0, 95% CI 7.4-71.1). Illness risk increased with increasing time exposed to the pool/spa. Approximately 95 to 115 bathers per day, two to three times above the usual number, used the spa during August 9 to 11. Three Legionella species, L. dumoffii, L. maceachernii, and L. micdadei, were isolated from spa filter backwash cultures. Two of 15 ill persons with acute and convalescent-phase sera had a greater than fourfold rise in antibody titer to L. micdadei. Conclusions: PF was associated with exposure to a hotel pool/spa area. Heavy bather usage likely contributed to a decreased effectiveness of the disinfectant in the whirlpool spa, possibly promoting bacterial aerosolization. Linking case information from many states is essential in identifying and eliminating the source of disease transmission in travel-related outbreaks of PE Clinicians should be aware of PF in the differential diagnosis of patients with influenza-like symptoms following recent travel, particularly with exposure to a communal-use whirlpool spa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Epidemiol Program Off, Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Rockford, IL USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Rockford, IL USA. Stephenson Cty Hlth Dept, Freeport, IL USA. Bur Labs, Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Huhn, GD (reprint author), Rush,600 S Paulina St,Suite 140,AC FAC, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 20 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 12 IS 4 BP 173 EP 179 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 961HF UT WOS:000231651800001 PM 16086890 ER PT J AU Kiehnbaum, LA Amonsin, A Wells, SJ Kapur, V AF Kiehnbaum, LA Amonsin, A Wells, SJ Kapur, V TI Amplified fragment length polymorphism to detect clonal diversity and distribution of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in selected Minnesota dairy cattle SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE amplified fragment length polymorphisms; Johne's disease ID DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE AB The molecular ecology of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of Johne's disease, is not well understood in the United States. In this study, a DNA fingerprinting method, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), was used to subtype the pathogen and assess the clonal diversity of MAP in Minnesota dairy herds. Fifty-six fecal culture test-positive isolates from various Minnesota counties and culture dates were analyzed in this study. The AFLP identified 11 profiles with 50% of isolates representing I major profile. The major profile was distributed across the state. The genetic diversity of bovine MAP clones in Minnesota based on AFLP analysis of this data appears to be relatively low. C1 Univ Minnesota, Ctr Anim Hlth & Food Safety, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Univ Minnesota, Biomed Genom Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. Chulalongkorn Univ, Fac Vet Sci, Dept Vet Sci, Bangkok 10330, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. RP Kiehnbaum, LA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Ctr Anim Hlth & Food Safety, 136 Andrew Boss Lab,1354 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RI Kapur, Vivek/F-7610-2013; OI Kapur, Vivek/0000-0002-9648-0138 NR 14 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC PI TURLOCK PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA SN 1040-6387 J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 17 IS 4 BP 311 EP 315 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 945UM UT WOS:000230527700002 PM 16130987 ER PT J AU Chiu, WW Kinney, RM Dreher, TW AF Chiu, WW Kinney, RM Dreher, TW TI Control of translation by the 5 '- and 3 '-terminal regions of the dengue virus genome SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY STRUCTURE-ANALYSIS; INITIATION-FACTOR EIF4G; TOBACCO MOSAIC-VIRUS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; MESSENGER-RNA; 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; GENE-EXPRESSION; VIRAL-RNA; POLY(A) TAIL; EFFICIENT TRANSLATION AB The genomic RNAs of flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DEN) have a 5' m(7)GpppN cap like those of cellular mRNAs but lack a 3' poly(A) tail. We have studied the contributions to translational expression of 5% and 3'-terminal regions of the DEN serotype 2 genome by using luciferase reporter mRNAs transfected into Vero cells. DCLD RNA contained the entire DEN 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), as well as the first 36 codons of the capsid coding region fused to the luciferase reporter gene. Capped DCLD RNA was as efficiently translated in Vero cells as capped GLGpA RNA, a reporter with UTRs from the highly expressed alpha-globin mRNA and a 72-residue poly(A) tail. Analogous reporter RNAs with regulatory sequences from West Nile and Sindbis viruses were also strongly expressed. Although capped DCLD RNA was expressed much more efficiently than its uncapped form, uncapped DCLD RNA was translated 6 to 12 times more efficiently than uncapped RNAs with UTRs from globin mRNA. The 5' cap and DEN 3' UTR were the main sources of the translational efficiency of DCLD RNA, and they acted synergistically in enhancing translation. The DEN 3' UTR increased mRNA stability, although this effect was considerably weaker than the enhancement of translational efficiency. The DEN 3' UTR thus has translational regulatory properties similar to those of a poly(A) tail. Its translation-enhancing effect was observed for RNAs with globin or DEN 5' sequences, indicating no codependency between viral 5' and 3' sequences. Deletion studies showed that translational enhancement provided by the DEN 3' UTR is attributable to the cumulative contributions of several conserved elements, as well as a nonconserved domain adjacent to the stop codon. One of the conserved elements was the conserved sequence (CS) CSI that is complementary to cCS1 present in the 5' end of the DEN polyprotein open reading frame. Complementarity between CS1 and cCS1 was not required for efficient translation. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Ctr Gene Res & Biotechnol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Dreher, TW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, 220 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM theo.dreher@orst.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI055569, R03 AI055569]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES00210, P30 ES000210] NR 52 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 79 IS 13 BP 8303 EP 8315 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.13.8303-8315.2005 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 936PA UT WOS:000229866700036 PM 15956576 ER PT J AU Beasley, DWC Whiteman, MC Zhang, SL Huang, CYH Schneider, BS Smith, DR Gromowski, GD Higgs, S Kinney, RM Barrett, ADT AF Beasley, DWC Whiteman, MC Zhang, SL Huang, CYH Schneider, BS Smith, DR Gromowski, GD Higgs, S Kinney, RM Barrett, ADT TI Envelope protein glycosylation status influences mouse neuroinvasion phenotype of genetic lineage 1 West Nile Virus strains SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VALLEY ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; MIDDLE-EAST; INFECTION; GLYCOPROTEIN; MEXICO; VIRULENCE; OUTBREAK; FUSION AB The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America has been associated with relatively high rates of neurological disease and death in humans, birds, horses, and some other animals. Previous studies identified strains in both genetic lineage 1 and genetic lineage 2, including North American isolates of lineage 1, that were highly virulent in a mouse neuroinvasion model, while other strains were avirulent or significantly attenuated (D. W. C. Beasley, L. Li, M. T. Suderman, and A. D. T. Barrett, Virology 296:17-23, 2002). To begin to elucidate the basis for these differences, we compared a highly virulent New York 1999 (NY99) isolate with a related Old World lineage 1 strain, An4766 (ETH76a), which is attenuated for mouse neuroinvasion. Genomic sequencing of ETH76a revealed a relatively small number of nucleotide (5.1%) and amino acid (0.6%) differences compared with NY99. These differences were located throughout the genome and included five amino acid differences in the envelope protein gene. Substitution of premembrane and envelope genes of ETH76a into a NY99 infectious clone backbone yielded a virus with altered in vitro growth characteristics and a mouse virulence phenotype comparable to ETH76a. Further site-specific mutagenesis studies revealed that the altered phenotype was primarily mediated via loss of envelope protein glycosylation and that this was associated with altered stability of the virion at mildly acidic pH. Therefore, the enhanced virulence of North American WNV strains compared with other Old World lineage 1 strains is at least partly mediated by envelope protein glycosylation. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Sealy Ctr Vaccine Dev, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. US Dept HHS, Arboviru Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Beasley, DWC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM d.beasley@utmb.edu RI Whiteman, Matthew/C-6079-2009; OI Whiteman, Matthew/0000-0002-6583-6779; Schneider, Bradley S/0000-0001-7642-0018 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU620538, T01/CCT622892, U50/CCU620539] NR 44 TC 166 Z9 173 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 79 IS 13 BP 8339 EP 8347 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.13.8339-8347.2005 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 936PA UT WOS:000229866700039 PM 15956579 ER PT J AU Agrawal, A Tripp, RA Anderson, LJ Nie, SM AF Agrawal, A Tripp, RA Anderson, LJ Nie, SM TI Real-time detection of virus particles and viral protein expression with two-color nanoparticle probes SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; SINGLE-MOLECULE DETECTION; INFECTION; SEQUENCES; DNA AB Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) mediates serious lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children and is a significant pathogen of the elderly and immune compromised. Rapid and sensitive RSV diagnosis is important to infection control and efforts to develop antiviral drugs. Current RSV detection methods are limited by sensitivity and/or time required for detection. In this study, we show that antibody-conjugated nanoparticles rapidly and sensitively detect RSV and estimate relative levels of surface protein expression. A major development is use of dual-color quantum dots or fluorescence energy transfer nanobeads that can be simultaneously excited with a single light source. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Resp & Enter Viruses, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nie, SM (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Infect Dis, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM snie@emory.edu RI Nie, Shuming/E-4843-2011; OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA108468]; NIGMS NIH HHS [P20 GM072069, R01 GM060562, R01 GM60562] NR 18 TC 67 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 79 IS 13 BP 8625 EP 8628 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.13.8625-8628.2005 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 936PA UT WOS:000229866700064 PM 15956604 ER PT J AU Turpin, E Luke, M Jones, J Tumpey, T Konan, K Schultz-Cherry, S AF Turpin, E Luke, M Jones, J Tumpey, T Konan, K Schultz-Cherry, S TI Influenza virus infection increases p53 activity: Role of p53 in cell death and viral replication SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR P53; TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION; INDUCED APOPTOSIS; INDUCE APOPTOSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; UV-RADIATION; INTERFERON; PKR; DNA AB The induction of apoptotic cell death is a hallmark of influenza virus infection. Although a variety of cellular and viral proteins have been implicated in this process, to date no conserved cellular pathway has been identified. In this study, we report that the tumor suppressor protein p53 is essential for the induction of cell death in influenza virus-infected cells. In primary human lung cells, influenza virus increased p53 protein levels. This was also noted in the human lung cell line A549, along with the up-regulation of p53-dependent gene transcription. Reduction of p53 activity in A549 cells inhibited influenza virus-induced cell death as measured by trypan blue exclusion and caspase activity. These findings were not cell type specific. Influenza virus-induced cell death was absent in mouse embryo fibroblasts isolated from p53 knockout mice, which was not the case in wild-type mouse embryo fibroblasts, suggesting that p53 is a common cellular pathway leading to influenza virus-induced cell death. Surprisingly, inhibiting p53 activity led to elevated virus replication. Mechanistically, this may be due to the decrease in interferon signaling in p53-deficient cells, suggesting that functional p53 is involved in the interferon response to influenza infection. To our knowledge, these are the first studies demonstrating that p53 is involved in influenza virus-induced cell death and that inhibiting p53 leads to increased viral titers, potentially through modulation of the interferon response. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Schultz-Cherry, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, 1300 Univ Ave,Room 417 SMI, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM sischu12@wisc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA09075-28, T32 CA009075] NR 59 TC 80 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 79 IS 14 BP 8802 EP 8811 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.14.8802-8811.2005 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 941LM UT WOS:000230216300014 PM 15994774 ER PT J AU Bakker, ABH Marissen, WE Kramer, RA Rice, AB Weldon, WC Niezgoda, M Hanlon, CA Thijsse, S Backus, HHJ de Kruif, J Dietzschold, B Rupprecht, CE Goudsmit, J AF Bakker, ABH Marissen, WE Kramer, RA Rice, AB Weldon, WC Niezgoda, M Hanlon, CA Thijsse, S Backus, HHJ de Kruif, J Dietzschold, B Rupprecht, CE Goudsmit, J TI Novel human monoclonal antibody combination effectively neutralizing natural rabies virus variants and individual in vitro escape mutants SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; SITE-III; GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRULENCE; MICE; PATHOGENICITY; MECHANISMS; PREVENTION; EPITOPE AB The need to replace rabies immune globulin (RIG) as an essential component of rabies postexposure prophylaxis is widely acknowledged. We set out to discover a unique combination of human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) able to replace RIG. Stringent criteria concerning neutralizing potency, affinity, breadth of neutralization, and coverage of natural rabies virus (RV) isolates and in vitro escape mutants were set for each individual antibody, and the complementarities of the two MAbs were defined at the onset. First, we identified and characterized one human MAb (CR57) with high in vitro and in vivo neutralizing potency and a broad neutralization spectrum. The linear antibody binding site was mapped on the RV glycoprotein as antigenic site I by characterizing CR57 escape mutants. Secondly, we selected using phage display a complementing antibody (CR4098) that recognized a distinct, nonoverlapping epitope (antigenic site III), showed similar neutralizing potency and breadth as CR57, and neutralized CR57 escape mutants. Reciprocally, CR57 neutralized RV variants escaping CR4098. Analysis of glycoprotein sequences of natural RV isolates revealed that the majority of strains contain both intact epitopes, and the few remaining strains contain at least one of the two. In vitro exposure of RV to the combination of CR57 and CR4098 yielded no escape mutants. In conclusion, a novel combination of human MAbs was discovered suitable to replace RIG. C1 Crucell Holland BV, NL-2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goudsmit, J (reprint author), Crucell Holland BV, ARchimedesweg 4,POB 2048, NL-2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. EM j.goudsmit@crucell.com OI Papaneri, Amy/0000-0003-2144-2441 NR 29 TC 67 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 79 IS 14 BP 9062 EP 9068 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.14.9062-9068.2005 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 941LM UT WOS:000230216300040 PM 15994800 ER PT J AU Kuenzi, AJ Douglass, RJ Bond, CW Calisher, CH Mills, JN AF Kuenzi, AJ Douglass, RJ Bond, CW Calisher, CH Mills, JN TI Long-term dynamics of Sin Nombre viral RNA and antibody in deer mice in Montana SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE deer mouse; enzyme-linked innuunoassay; epizootiology; hantavirus; Peromyscus maniculatus; polymerase chain reaction; seasonal; Sin Nombre virus; transmission ID MOUSE PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; HANTAVIRUS INFECTION; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; RODENTS; MODEL AB Infections with hantaviruses in the natural host rodent may result in persistent, asymptomatic infections involving shedding of virus into the environment. Laboratory studies have partially characterized the acute and persistent infection by Sin Nombre virus (SNV) in its natural host, the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). However, these studies have posed questions that may best be addressed using longitudinal studies involving sequential sampling of individual wild-caught, naturally infected mice. Using enzyme immunoassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of monthly blood samples, we followed the infection status of deer mice in a mark-recapture study in Montana for 2 yr. Only six of 907 samples without IgG antibody to SNV contained detectable SNV RNA, suggesting that there is a very brief period of viremia before the host develops detectable antibody. The simultaneous presence of both antibody and viral RNA in blood was detected in consecutive monthly samples for as long as 3 mo. However, chronic infection was typified by alternating characteristics of PCR positivity and PCR negativity. Two possible interpretations of these results are that 1) viral RNA may be consistently present in the blood of chronically infected deer mouse, but that viral RNA is near the limits of PCR detectability or 2) SNV RNA sporadically appears in blood as a consequence of unknown physiological events. The occurrence of seasonal patterns in the proportion of samples that contains antibody and that also contained SNV RNA demonstrated a temporal association between recent infection (antibody acquisition) and presence of viral RNA in blood. C1 Univ Montana, Dept Biol, Butte, MT USA. Montana State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kuenzi, AJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Biol, Butte, MT USA. EM akuenzi@mtech.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR 16455-04]; ODCDC CDC HHS [US3/CCU 813599] NR 28 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 473 EP 481 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 980KH UT WOS:000233016900001 PM 16244056 ER PT J AU Johnston, JJ Primus, TM Buettgenbach, T Furcolow, CA Goodall, MJ Slate, D Chipman, RB Snow, JL DeLiberto, TJ AF Johnston, JJ Primus, TM Buettgenbach, T Furcolow, CA Goodall, MJ Slate, D Chipman, RB Snow, JL DeLiberto, TJ TI Evaluation and significance of tetracycline stability in rabies vaccine baits SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Baits; biomarker; rabies; raccoons; tetracycline; vaccine ID ACCEPTANCE; DELIVERY; RACCOONS AB Tetracycline is widely used as a biomarker for bait consumption by wildlife; tetracycline is incorporated into bones and teeth and can be detected by fluorescence microscopy several weeks postconsumption. During 2003, the United States Department of Agriculture distributed more than 10 million tetracycline-containing rabies-vaccine baits to control the spread of wildlife vectored rabies to humans, pets, and livestock. To estimate the percentage of target species consuming the baits, raccoons and skunks were collected in baited areas and teeth were analyzed for the presence of the biomarker. Several incidents of low biomarker detection rates prompted an investigation of the stability of the biomarker in the baits. Baits were collected at several points along the manufacturing and distribution chain. Baits were analyzed for free and polymer-bound tetracycline and the less active isomer epitetracycline. Results indicated that a portion of the tetracycline was converted to epitetracycline. Additionally, significant quantities of both compounds were trapped in the polymer, which is homogeneously distributed throughout the bait. The results of this study suggest that approximately 40% of the target quantity of tetracycline was unavailable for absorption. This situation could contribute to low biomarker detection rates and suggests that formulation modification should be considered. C1 USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. USDA, APHIS, WS, Rabies Program, Concord, NH 03301 USA. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Castleton, NY 12033 USA. DHHS, CDC, Council State & Territorial Epidermilogists, Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Wildlife Dis Program, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Johnston, JJ (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, WS, Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 LaPorte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM john.j.Johnston@usda.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 549 EP 558 PG 10 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 980KH UT WOS:000233016900010 PM 16244065 ER PT J AU Potula, V Kaye, W AF Potula, V Kaye, W TI Is lead exposure a risk factor for bone loss? SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; BLOOD LEAD; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS; UNITED-STATES; PERIMENOPAUSAL; OSTEOPOROSIS; MENOPAUSE; DENSITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Subst, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dis Registry, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potula, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Subst, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd E31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Vbp6@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUL PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.1089/jwh.2005.14.461 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 971SE UT WOS:000232404000001 PM 16114996 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW AF Vesper, HW TI Analytical and preanalytical issues in measurement of biochemical bone markers SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID PYRIDINIUM CROSS-LINKS; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; VERTEBRAL FRACTURE RISK; I COLLAGEN; URINARY PYRIDINOLINE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CLINICAL-USE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; PAGETS-DISEASE; BIOLOGICAL VARIABILITY AB Bone markers are useful tools for managing bone diseases because they provide information that differs from but complements bone mineral density measurement. Problems in the measurement and interpretation of bone marker values continue to hamper the optimal utility of this clinical tool. Most of these difficulties originate from problems related to the handling and control of analytical and biological variability of bone marker measurements. These sources of variability can be substantial and need to be controlled. Certain bone markers or bone marker tests may require special considerations, such as analyte stability. Guidelines for minimizing preanalytical variability have been developed, and the means to minimize the analytical variability for some bone markers, are available. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 79 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 36 IS 7 BP 424 EP 429 DI 10.1309/GWQET8BDXQTUY83U PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 941CW UT WOS:000230193300010 ER PT J AU Noji, EK Lee, CY Davis, T Peleg, K AF Noji, EK Lee, CY Davis, T Peleg, K TI Investigation of Federal Bureau of Investigation bomb-related death and injury data in the United States between 1988 and 1997 SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STORE HIPERCOR; TERRORIST; BARCELONA; PATTERNS AB Objective: The study of physical injury from terrorist explosives is an increasing international area of research. However, there are few data sets to characterize the scope of injury and death from these devices. Therefore, one option is to begin evaluating statistics reported by a nontraditional public health data source, the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Bomb Data Center. Methods: We reviewed data reported by the FBI Bomb Data Center for the years 1988-1997 and analyzed the number of bomb-related deaths and injuries and incidence of bombings. Results: The FBI reported 17,579 bombings, 427 related deaths, and 4,063 injuries in the United States between 1988 and 1997. The benefits of this data are reporting of information not normally found in public health data, including type of explosive device and explosive composition. The primary limitations include lack of case comparison and unknown methods of data reporting and data collection. Conclusion: To completely study physical injury from explosive devices requires a systematic and comprehensive data set. The FBI data provides an interesting statistical resource to assess the scope of injury from bombs in the United States, but at the current time cannot be used for extensive epidemiological analysis. C1 Off US Surg Gen, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Gertner Inst, Ctr Trauma & Emergency Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel. RP Noji, EK (reprint author), Off US Surg Gen, 200 Independence Ave SW,Hubert Humphrey Bldg,Room, Washington, DC 20201 USA. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 170 IS 7 BP 595 EP 598 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 019JN UT WOS:000235831500009 PM 16130640 ER PT J AU Butler, M Ruder, A Carreon, T Waters, M Yeager, M Welch, R Chanock, S Schulte, P AF Butler, M Ruder, A Carreon, T Waters, M Yeager, M Welch, R Chanock, S Schulte, P TI Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and susceptibility to primary intracranial brain gliomas SO NEURO-ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 2nd Quadrennial Meeting of the World-Federation-of-Neuro-Oncology/6th Meeting of the European-Association-for-Neur-Oncology CY MAY 05-08, 2005 CL Edinburgh, SCOTLAND SP World Federat Neuro Oncol, European Assoc Neuro Oncol C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Natl Canc Inst, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU DUKE UNIV PRESS PI DURHAM PA 905 W MAIN ST, STE 18-B, DURHAM, NC 27701 USA SN 1522-8517 J9 NEURO-ONCOLOGY JI Neuro-Oncology PD JUL PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 MA 19 BP 287 EP 287 PG 1 WC Oncology; Clinical Neurology SC Oncology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 944XH UT WOS:000230463900025 ER PT J AU Secor, WE AF Secor, WE TI Immunology of human schistosomiasis: off the beaten path SO PARASITE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE anaemia; co-infection; HIV; immune response; mass treatment; schistosomiasis ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; TYPE-2 CYTOKINE RESPONSES; FEMALE GENITAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS; CELLULAR IMMUNE-RESPONSES; ADULT WORM ANTIGENS; MANSONI INFECTION; HEPATOSPLENIC SCHISTOSOMIASIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; FACTOR-ALPHA AB Reviews of the immunology of human schistosomiasis generally address the host's protective responses against infection or the factors associated with development of severe pathology. However, there is a growing recognition that the high number of patients expressing moderate morbidity, rather than the few patients with severe morbidity, accounts for the greatest public health impact of schistosomiasis. Therefore, other aspects of the host immune response that have received relatively little attention may actually provide pivotal answers in our understanding and management of the morbidity associated with human schistosomiasis. This review highlights lines of investigation that focus on how immune responses to schistosomiasis may affect schistosomiasis-associated anaemia, alter susceptibility or disease progression during co-infections, and influence effective execution of mass treatment programmes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-F13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM was4@cdc.gov NR 93 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-9838 J9 PARASITE IMMUNOL JI Parasite Immunol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 27 IS 7-8 BP 309 EP 316 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3024.2005.00778.x PG 8 WC Immunology; Parasitology SC Immunology; Parasitology GA 960QD UT WOS:000231607300009 PM 16138852 ER PT J AU Moore, KL Kainer, MA Badrawi, N Afifi, S Wasfy, M Bashir, M Jarvis, WR Graham, TW El Kholy, A Gipson, R Jernigan, DB Mahoney, F AF Moore, KL Kainer, MA Badrawi, N Afifi, S Wasfy, M Bashir, M Jarvis, WR Graham, TW El Kholy, A Gipson, R Jernigan, DB Mahoney, F TI Neonatal sepsis in Egypt associated with bacterial contamination of glucose-containing intravenous fluids SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE infection control; sepsis; disease outbreaks; intravenous infusion; neonatal intensive care ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; NATIONWIDE EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; SEPTICEMIA; BACTEREMIA; PRODUCTS AB Background: Rates of sepsis exceeding 50% in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in Cairo, Egypt, were not controlled by routine antimicrobial therapy. We investigated these conditions in September 2001. Methods: Case series and retrospective cohort studies were conducted on 2 groups of NICU infants admitted to an academic medical center between February 12 and July 3 1, 200 1. Observation of clinical practices led us to culture in-use intravenous (iv) fluids and medications. We monitored rates of iv fluid contamination, clinical sepsis and mortality after interventions to establish new procedures for handling and disposal of iv fluids, infection control training and improved clinical laboratory capacity. Results: Among infants in the retrospective cohort group, 88 (77%) of 115 had clinical sepsis, and 59 (51%) died. In the case series group, we documented the time of initial positive blood culture; 21 (64%) of 33 were septic < 24 hours after birth. Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 24 (73%) of 33 isolates; 14 (58%) of 24 were extended spectrum P-lactamase-producing and aminoglycoside-resistant. On admission, all neonates received glucose-containing iv fluids; iv bottles (500 mL) were divided among multiple infants. The iv fluids were prepared at the bedside; poor hand hygiene and poor adherence to aseptic techniques were observed. K. pneunioniae was isolated from 13 (65%) of 20 in-use glucose-containing iv fluids. Fluid contamination, sepsis and mortality rates declined significantly after intervention. Conclusion: Extrinsically contaminated iv fluids resulted in sepsis and deaths. Standard infection control precautions significantly im-prove mortality and sepsis rates and are prerequisites for safe NICU care. C1 US Dept HHS, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off,Ctr Disc Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. Cairo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neonatol, Cairo, Egypt. Cairo Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Cairo, Egypt. John Snow Inc, Cairo, Egypt. RP Moore, KL (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 590 EP 594 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000138804.09875.95 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 946WO UT WOS:000230604200003 PM 15998998 ER PT J AU Shetty, SS Harrison, LH Hajjeh, RA Taylor, T Mirza, SA Schmidt, AB Sanza, LT Shutt, KA Fridkin, SK AF Shetty, SS Harrison, LH Hajjeh, RA Taylor, T Mirza, SA Schmidt, AB Sanza, LT Shutt, KA Fridkin, SK TI Determining risk factors for candidemia among newborn infants from population-based surveillance - Baltimore, Maryland, 1998-2000 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE neonates; bloodstream infections; neonatal intensive care unit; Candida ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; NEONATAL INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; LATE-ONSET SEPSIS; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; RESEARCH NETWORK; TRANSMISSION AB Background: Our objective was to determine risks factors for late onset candidemia, independent of birth weight, in newborn infants. Methods: We performed a matched case-control study. Cases were identified through active, population-based surveillance for candidemia, conducted in Baltimore City and County during 1998-2000, and were defined as the incident isolation of any Candida species from the bloodstream of an infant 3 months old or younger. Four controls, matched by age, hospital, birth weight category, hospital stay and admission date, were selected for each case. Potential risk factors included clinical, demographic and maternal prenatal data. Results: Of the 35 cases, 19 (54%) infections were with Candida albicans, 9 (26%) were with Candidaparapsilosis and 5 (14%) were with Candida glabrata. Cases had a median birth weight of 680 g (range, 430-3200 g); median gestational ages of cases and controls were 25 and 27 weeks, respectively. Compared with controls, cases had significant higher mortality (20% versus 4%; P = 0.004). No maternal factors were associated with increased risk of disease; cases were as likely as controls to be of black race. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis revealed that gestational age younger than 26 weeks [adjusted odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.3-32], vaginal delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 4.3; 95% Cl 1.3-14.2) and abdominal surgery (adjusted odds ratio, 10.9; 95% C1 1.9-62) were independently associated with increased risk of candidemia. Conclusions: Independent of birth weight, infants born at < 26 weeks or those who have had abdominal surgery are at a significantly increased risk of candidemia. This study helps define a subgroup of preterm infants at high risk of developing bloodstream infections with Candida species. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacteria & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Shetty, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacteria & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 NR 17 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 24 IS 7 BP 601 EP 604 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000168751.11375.d6 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 946WO UT WOS:000230604200005 PM 15999000 ER PT J AU Mell, LK Davis, RL Owens, D AF Mell, LK Davis, RL Owens, D TI Association between streptococcal infection and obsessive-compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome, and tic disorder SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE obsessive-compulsive disorder; Tourette's syndrome; tic; PANDAS ID NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS; ANTINEURONAL ANTIBODIES; SYDENHAMS CHOREA; RHEUMATIC-FEVER; PANDAS; SYMPTOMS; CHILDREN; GILLES; TRANSMISSION; HYPOTHESIS AB Objective. Reports have suggested that streptococcal infection may be etiologically related to pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders (PANDAS), but there are few good epidemiologic studies to support this theory. Using population-based data from a large West-Coast health maintenance organization, we assessed whether streptococcal infection was associated with increased risk for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette's syndrome (TS), or tic disorder. Methods. This is a case-control study of children 4 to 13 years old receiving their first diagnosis of OCD, TS, or tic disorder between January 1992 and December 1999 at Group Health Cooperative outpatient facilities. Cases were matched to controls by birth date, gender, primary physician, and propensity to seek health care. Results. Patients with OCD, TS, or tic disorder were more likely than controls to have had prior streptococcal infection (OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.05, 4.69) in the 3 months before onset date. The risk was higher among children with multiple streptococcal infections within 12 months (OR: 3.10; 95% CI: 1.77, 8.96). Having multiple infections with group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus within a 12-month period was associated with an increased risk for TS (OR: 13.6; 95% CI: 1.93, 51.0). These associations did not change appreciably when limited to cases with a clear date of onset of symptoms or with tighter matching on health care behavior. Conclusion. These findings lend epidemiologic evidence that PANDAS may arise as a result of a postinfectious autoimmune phenomenon induced by childhood streptococcal infection. C1 Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rad2@cdc.gov OI Mell, Loren/0000-0003-2277-6080 NR 36 TC 115 Z9 120 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2005 VL 116 IS 1 BP 56 EP 60 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2058 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 941IC UT WOS:000230207500031 PM 15995031 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Santoli, JM Chu, SY Ochoa, DQ Rodewald, LE AF Smith, PJ Santoli, JM Chu, SY Ochoa, DQ Rodewald, LE TI The association between having a medical home and vaccination coverage among children eligible for the vaccines for children program SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE medical home; survey; relative risk; vaccination coverage ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY; PRIMARY-CARE; HEALTH; CLINICS; IMPACT; PEDIATRICIANS; INSURANCE; DELIVERY; SERVICES; STATES AB Background. The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program is designed to reduce the cost of vaccines for vulnerable children, including Medicaid-eligible children, American Indian/Alaska Native children, uninsured children, and underinsured children whose health insurance does not cover the cost of vaccinations. A desired consequence of the program is to promote comprehensive continuous medical care within a medical home for these children. Objectives. To explore how having a medical home is associated with vaccination coverage among children eligible for the program. Participants. A total of 24 514 children 19 to 35 months of age sampled by the National Immunization Survey. Design. VFC eligibility was evaluated for 24 514 children 19 to 35 months of age who were sampled by the National Immunization Survey. Children were considered to have a medical home if they had a doctor, nurse, or physician's assistant who provided them with ongoing routine care, including well-child care, preventive care, and sick care, according to their parents. Sampled children were determined to be 4: 3: 1: 3: 3 up-to-date (UTD) if their vaccination providers reported administering >= 4 doses of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-acellular pertussis vaccine, >= 3 doses of polio vaccine, >= 1 dose of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine, >= 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, and >= 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Results. Nationally, 44.9% of all children were VFC eligible and 93.0% of the VFC-eligible children received all vaccine doses at a provider enrolled in the VFC program. Compared with children who were not VFC eligible, VFC-eligible children were less likely to be UTD (70.8% vs 77.7%) and less likely to have a medical home (82.1% vs 95.0%). However, among VFC-eligible children, children who had a medical home were significantly more likely to be UTD, compared with children who did not have a medical home (72.3% vs 63.5%). Also, among VFC-eligible children who had a medical home, children who used their medical home consistently to receive all of their vaccination doses were significantly more likely to be UTD, compared with children who did not receive all of their doses from their medical home (75.3% vs 65.7%). Finally, the 4: 3: 1: 3: 3 vaccination coverage rate among VFC-eligible children who received all of their vaccination doses from their medical home was not significantly different from that among non-VFC-eligible children, after controlling for significant differences in sociodemographic factors between these groups ( adjusted difference: 2.8%; 95% confidence interval: -0.1% to 5.7%). Conclusions. Although the vaccination coverage rate among VFC-eligible children who had a medical home and received all vaccine doses from their medical home was essentially equivalent to that of non-VFC-eligible children, substantial percentages of VFC-eligible children either did not have a medical home or did not use their medical home to receive all of their recommended vaccinations. The vaccination coverage rate among these children was significantly lower. This suggests that there may be opportunities to increase vaccination coverage by removing barriers that prevent the adoption and consistent use of a medical home among these children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM psmith3@cdc.gov OI Rodewald, Lance/0000-0003-2593-542X NR 33 TC 81 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2005 VL 116 IS 1 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1058 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 941IC UT WOS:000230207500043 PM 15995043 ER PT J AU Ritzwoller, DP Bridges, CB Shetterly, S Yamasaki, K Kolczak, M France, EK AF Ritzwoller, DP Bridges, CB Shetterly, S Yamasaki, K Kolczak, M France, EK TI Effectiveness of the 2003-2004 influenza vaccine among children 6 months to 8 years of age, with 1 vs 2 doses SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Advisory-Committee-on-Immunization-Practices CY JUN 23, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Advisory Comm Immunizat Practices DE influenza; vaccine effectiveness; pediatrics; unvaccinated ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; YOUNG-CHILDREN; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; ASTHMA EXACERBATIONS; OUTPATIENT VISITS; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; DAY-CARE; HOSPITALIZATIONS; PREVENTION; EFFICACY AB Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of 1 and 2 doses of the 2003 - 2004 influenza vaccine in preventing medically attended influenza-like illness (ILI) among children 6 to 23 months and 6 months to 8 years of age. Design and Methods. Outpatient and emergency department visits and immunization records were used to conduct a retrospective cohort study among children 6 months to 8 years of age. ILI and pneumonia and influenza (P&I) outcomes were defined on the basis of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes. Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated as (1 - hazard rate ratio) x 100. Results. A total of 29 726 children were included in the analyses; 17.3% were 6 to 23 months of age. By November 19, 2003, the start of peak influenza activity, 7.5% and 9.9% of children 6 months to 8 years were fully or partially vaccinated against influenza, respectively. For fully vaccinated children 6 to 23 months of age, VE against ILI and P&I was 25% and 49%, respectively. No statistically significant reduction in ILI or P&I rates was observed for partially vaccinated children 6 to 23 months of age (-3% and 22%, respectively). For fully vaccinated children 6 months to 8 years of age, VE against ILI and P&I was 23% and 51%, respectively. For partial vaccination, VE was significant only for P&I ( 23%). Conclusions. Despite a suboptimal match between the influenza vaccine and predominant circulating strains, influenza vaccination provided substantial protection for fully vaccinated children and possibly some protection for partially vaccinated children < 9 years of age. These findings support vaccinating targeted children even when the vaccine match is suboptimal, and they highlight the need to vaccinate previously unvaccinated children with 2 doses for optimal protection. C1 Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Clin Res Unit, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Dept Prevent Med, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ritzwoller, DP (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Clin Res Unit, 580 Mohawk Dr, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM debra.ritzwoller@kp.org FU PHS HHS [254-2004-M-06362] NR 38 TC 103 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2005 VL 116 IS 1 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0049 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 941IC UT WOS:000230207500046 PM 15995046 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Ortega-Sanchez, IR LeBaron, CW Quinlisk, MP AF Dayan, GH Ortega-Sanchez, IR LeBaron, CW Quinlisk, MP CA Iowa Measles Response Team TI The cost of containing one case of measles: The economic impact on the public health infrastructure - Iowa, 2004 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE measles; economic evaluation; measles-mumps-rubella vaccines ID IMMUNIZATION; OUTBREAK; RUBELLA; MUMPS; COMMUNITY; COVERAGE; RISKS AB Background. In February 2004, students from a college in Iowa, with a high proportion of nonmedical exemptions to vaccination, traveled to India; one fourth of the students contracted measles while there. One exposed, susceptible student returned home during his infectious period, necessitating 2 months of containment efforts in Iowa. Objective. The objective of this study was to measure the direct costs of measles containment from a public health system perspective. Methods. We evaluated activities performed, personnel time/materials allocated, and direct costs incurred in 2004 US dollars by the Iowa public health infrastructure. The study period was defined as March 5, 2004 (when the Iowa Department of Public Health was first contacted about the case), through May 12, 2004 (when a final meeting was held on the containment effort). Results. A total of 2525 hours of personnel time were expended to review flight manifests, contact exposed passengers, set up vaccination clinics, trace > 1000 potentially exposed contacts, and institute and enforce quarantine orders for vaccination refusers. Two thousand twenty-five phone calls were received from the public, and 2243 miles were driven by staff. The temporal distribution of personnel time was characterized by marked peaks at the report of potential secondary cases. The total estimated cost was $ 142 452. Conclusions. The direct cost to the public health infrastructure of containing 1 case of measles was far greater than the estimated cost of uncomplicated individual illness (less than $ 100). Economic analyses of vaccine-preventable diseases may need to go beyond the costs of individual illness to account for the costs of protecting society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. RP Dayan, GH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gdayan@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUL PY 2005 VL 116 IS 1 BP E1 EP E4 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2512 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 941IC UT WOS:000230207500001 PM 15995008 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Okoro, CA Chapman, DP Beckles, GLA Balluz, L Mokdad, AH AF Strine, TW Okoro, CA Chapman, DP Beckles, GLA Balluz, L Mokdad, AH TI The impact of formal diabetes education on the preventive health practices and behaviors of persons with type 2 diabetes SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes education; health practice; complication ID SELF-MANAGEMENT EDUCATION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; ADULTS; US; METAANALYSIS; COMMUNITY; CARE AB Background. Diabetes-related morbidity and mortality are primarily attributable to complications such as heart disease, stroke, lower extremity amputation, kidney disease, blindness, and visual impairment, many of which potentially can be delayed or prevented. Methods. We examined the association of diabetes self-management education (DSME) with preventive health practices and behaviors among 22,682 persons with type 2 diabetes using data from the 2001 and 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). BRFSS is an ongoing, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of noninstitutionalized adults aged >= 18 years. Results. Approximately 48% of all adults with type 2 diabetes had never attended a DSME course. Among both diabetic persons who used insulin and those who did not, persons who received DSME were significantly more likely than those who had not received training to be physically active, to have received an annual dilated eye exam and flu vaccine, to have received a pneumococcal vaccine, to have checked their blood sugar daily, and to have had a physician or other health professional check their feet for sores or irritations and their hemoglobin A1C level in the past year. Conclusions. These data indicate the importance of DSME in the promotion of health practices that could prevent or delay potential diabetes complications among persons with type 2 diabetes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 41 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.10.009 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 933RY UT WOS:000229651800011 PM 15916996 ER PT J AU Pastor, PN Reuben, CA AF Pastor, PN Reuben, CA TI Racial and ethnic differences in ADHD and LD in young school-age children: Parental reports in the national health interview survey SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; PUBLIC-SCHOOLS; PRIMARY-CARE; SERVICES; PREVALENCE; MEDICATIONS; INSURANCE; EDUCATION; MARYLAND; YOUTHS AB Objectives. Racial and ethnic disparities have been documented for many physical health outcomes in children. Less is known, however, about disparities in behavioral and learning disorders in children. This study uses data from a national health survey to examine racial and ethnic differences in identified attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and learning disability (LD). Methods. The 1997-2001 National Health Interview Surveys obtained information from parents about the health and sociodemographic characteristics of children. Using these data, prevalence rates of identified ADHD and/or LID were estimated for Hispanic, African American, and white children 6-11 years of age. Racial and ethnic differences in health conditions, income, and insurance coverage were examined as possible explanations for disparities in parental reports of ADHD and LID, as well as the use of any prescription medication among children with ADHD. Results. Hispanic and African American children, compared to white children, had parental reports of identified ADHD without LID less often, and adjustments for the confounding variables-birthweight, income, and insurance coverage-did not eliminate these differences. Hispanic and African American children, compared to white children, also had parental reports of ADHD with LID less often after adjustments for the effects of confounding variables. By contrast, after adjustments for confounding variables, Hispanic and African American children were as likely as white children to have LID without ADHD. Among children with ADHD, use of any prescription medication was reported less often for Hispanic and African American children than white children. These disparities in medication use persisted after adjustments for confounding variables. Conclusions. The prevalence of ADHD and the use of any prescription medication among children with ADHD differed among Hispanic, African American, and white children. These disparities could not be explained by racial and ethnic differences in other health conditions and sociodemographic variables. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Pastor, PN (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rm 6423,3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM php3@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 8 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 120 IS 4 BP 383 EP 392 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 939BJ UT WOS:000230046800005 PM 16025718 ER PT J AU Pohl, HR Chou, CHSJ AF Pohl, HR Chou, CHSJ TI Health effects classification and its role in the derivation of minimal risk levels: Hepatic effects SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatic effects; health guidance values; MRL; RfC; RfD ID SUBCHRONIC ORAL TOXICITY; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; CHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; DRINKING-WATER; VINYL-CHLORIDE; BEAGLE DOGS; LONG-TERM; RATS; MICE AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) derives health based guidance values called minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist with assessment of risks posed by exposures to hazardous chemicals. Current MRLs are posted on ATSDR's web site (www.atsdr.cdc.gov). From the total 326 MRLs currently posted, 79 MRLs are based on hepatic endpoints. The paper reports on endpoints used for the derivation of these MRLs and the use of uncertainty factors. It also describes the ranking of effects into less serious and serious categories as described in ATSDR's. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pohl, HR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hpohl@cdc.gov NR 94 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 161 EP 171 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.03.002 PG 11 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 943DO UT WOS:000230332500003 PM 15869832 ER PT J AU Chou, CHSJ Pohl, HR AF Chou, CHSJ Pohl, HR TI Health effects classification and its role in the derivation of minimal risk levels: Renal effects SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE minimal risk levels; MRLs; non-cancer risk assessment; rental toxicity; screening levels; hazardous substances; health guidance values ID CHRONIC TOXICITY; F344 RATS; CADMIUM; MICE AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) derives minimal risk levels (NIRLs) for priority hazardous substances. MRLs are health guidance values intended to serve as screening levels for health assessors to select contaminants of concern and to assess potential health effects at hazardous waste sites and areas affected by unplanned releases. Current MRLs are published in ATSDR toxicological profiles and are listed at the ATSDR website at www.atsdr.cdc.gov. To date, ATSDR has derived 125 inhalation MRLs, 207 oral MRLs, and eight external radiation NIRLs; 19 MRLs are based on renal effects. This article reports on endpoints used to derive the MRLs. It also presents the ranking of effects into less serious and serious categories as described in ATSDR's Guidance for Developing Toxicological Profiles. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chou, CHSJ (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. EM cjc3@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 202 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.04.003 PG 7 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 943DO UT WOS:000230332500007 PM 15921839 ER PT J AU Pohl, HR Luukinen, B Holler, JS AF Pohl, HR Luukinen, B Holler, JS TI Health effects classification and its role in the derivation of minimal risk levels: Reproductive and endocrine effects SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE reproductive effects; health guidance values; MRL; RfC; RfD ID ADULT MALE-RATS; DIBROMOCHLOROPROPANE DBCP; PESTICIDES LINDANE; ENDOMETRIOSIS; FERTILITY; MOUSE; MICE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; SPERMATOGENESIS; TOXICITY AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) derives health-based guidance values called minimal risk levels (MRLs) to assist with assessment of risks posed by exposures to hazardous chemicals. From the total of 326 MRLs currently posted on ATSDR's web site (www.atsdr.cdc.gov), 14 and 5 MRLs are based on reproductive and endocrine endpoints, respectively. The paper also describes the ranking of effects into less serious and serious categories according to ATSDR's Guidance for Developing Toxicological Profiles, endpoints used for the MRLs derivation, and the use of uncertainty factors. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pohl, HR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. EM hpohl@cdc.gov NR 80 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 209 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.04.004 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 943DO UT WOS:000230332500008 PM 15921838 ER PT J AU Sena, AC Mertz, KJ Thomas, D Wells, D Costa, S Levine, WC AF Sena, AC Mertz, KJ Thomas, D Wells, D Costa, S Levine, WC TI A survey of sexually transmitted diseases/HIV coinfection testing and reporting practices among health care providers in New Jersey SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; RISK BEHAVIOR; HIV-INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SYNERGY; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; TRIAL; AIDS AB Objectives: A survey was conducted to ascertain the adherence of health care providers (HCPs) to national guidelines recommending human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing among persons with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and STD testing among HIV-infected persons. Study: A random sample of HCPs reporting STD and HIV cases in New Jersey were surveyed regarding their STD/HIV testing and reporting practices. Results: Questionnaires were returned by 90 of 162 (55.5%) STD and 73 of 135 (54.1%) HIV HCPs. Sixty-six percent of STD HCPs reported offering HIV testing to persons with gonorrhea, chlamydia, or syphilis. However, up to 42.1% of HIV HCPs who managed HIV-positive patients never or almost never performed initial STD screening in these patients. Among HIV-infected patients, 36.4% of HIV HCPs reported that they never or almost never conducted annual gonorrhea or chlamydia screening in women; 48.6% never conducted screening in men. Conclusions: Further efforts are needed to optimize the implementation of national guidelines for STD/HIV co-infection testing. C1 Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Div AIDS Prevent & Control, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Sena, AC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Div Infect Dis, CB 7030,130 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM idrod@med.unc.edu NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 BP 406 EP 412 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000154509.68438.8d PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 938RU UT WOS:000230021400003 PM 15976597 ER PT J AU Gift, TL Irwin, KL AF Gift, TL Irwin, KL TI Factors that influence the cost effectiveness of gonorrhea screening in emergency departments SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CHLAMYDIA; HIV C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gift, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mail Stop E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tgift@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 BP 437 EP 438 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000168277.85335.43 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 938RU UT WOS:000230021400007 PM 15976601 ER PT J AU Plitt, SS Garfein, RS Gaydos, CA Strathdee, SA Sherman, SG Taha, TE AF Plitt, SS Garfein, RS Gaydos, CA Strathdee, SA Sherman, SG Taha, TE TI Prevalence and correlates of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis infections, and bacterial vaginosis among a cohort of young injection drug users in Baltimore, Maryland SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; GRAM STAIN; RISK-FACTORS; LACTOBACILLI; DIAGNOSIS; WOMEN; TRANSMISSION; ACQUISITION AB Objectives: Injection drug users (IDUs) consistently demonstrate high-risk behaviors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This study examines STI prevalence and correlates among young IDUs. Study: This cross-sectional study recruited IDUs aged 18 to 30 years. Participants completed a behavioral risk assessment and were tested for Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and trichomoniasis by nucleic acid amplification methods. Women were also tested for bacteria] vaginosis (BV). Gender-specific analyses were done comparing infected with non-infected participants using chi-square, Mann-Whitney tests, and logistic regression. Results: Of the 115 (35.3%) women and 211 (64.7%) men in the study, STI prevalence, respectively, was: chlamydia, 5.3% and 3.3%; gonorrhea, 3.5% and 0%; and trichomoniasis, 8.6% and 1.9%. Most (68.0%) participants had 2 or more sex partners in the past 3 months, of whom fewer than half consistently used condoms. Independent correlates for prevalent STIs included douching (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 4.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5-23.6) for women and anal sex with female partners (AOR, 6.3; 95% CI, 1.5-25.8) for men. BV prevalence was 56.3% and was associated with douching (OR, 2.5; 95% Cl, 1.1-5.7). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Garfein, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rgarfein@cdc.gov RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009; Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010 NR 39 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 BP 446 EP 453 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000154567.21291.59 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 938RU UT WOS:000230021400009 PM 15976603 ER PT J AU Baker, CK Norris, FH Diaz, DMV Perilla, JL Murphy, AD Hill, EG AF Baker, CK Norris, FH Diaz, DMV Perilla, JL Murphy, AD Hill, EG TI Violence and PTSD in Mexico - Gender and regional differences SO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE violence; culture; Mexico; PTSD; CIDI ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; MENTAL-HEALTH-SERVICES; CRIMINAL VICTIMIZATION; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; COMMUNITY SURVEY; SEX-DIFFERENCES; VICTIMS; TRAUMA; WOMEN; PREVALENCE AB Objective We examined the lifetime prevalence of violence in Mexico and how different characteristics of the violent event effect the probability of meeting criteria for lifetime post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Methods We interviewed a probability sample of 2,509 adults from 4 cities in Mexico (Oaxaca, Guadalajara, Hermosillo, Merida) using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Results Lifetime prevalence of violence was 34%. Men reported more single-experience, recurrent, physical, adolescent, adulthood, and stranger violence; women more sexual, childhood, family, and intimate partner violence. Prevalence was generally higher in Guadalajara, though the impact was greater in Oaxaca compared to other cities. Of those exposed, 11.5% met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. Probabilities were highest after sexual and intimate partner violence, higher for women than men, and higher in Oaxaca than other cities. Conclusions It is important to consider the characteristics and the context of violence in order to develop effective prevention and intervention programs to reduce the exposure to and impact of violence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, White River Jct, VT USA. Natl Ctr PTSD, White River Jct, VT USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ N Carolina, Greensboro, NC USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC USA. RP Baker, CK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cbaker@cdc.gov FU NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH51278] NR 54 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 8 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 0933-7954 J9 SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID JI Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 519 EP 528 DI 10.1007/s00127-005-0921-2 PG 10 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 953ZO UT WOS:000231124100002 PM 16088371 ER PT J AU Alberts, MJ Latchaw, RE Selman, WR Shephard, T Hadley, MN Brass, LM Koroshetz, W Marler, JR Booss, J Zorowitz, RD Croft, JB Magnis, E Mulligan, D Jagoda, A O'Connor, R Cawley, CM Connors, JJ Rose-DeRenzy, JA Emr, M Warren, M Walker, MD AF Alberts, MJ Latchaw, RE Selman, WR Shephard, T Hadley, MN Brass, LM Koroshetz, W Marler, JR Booss, J Zorowitz, RD Croft, JB Magnis, E Mulligan, D Jagoda, A O'Connor, R Cawley, CM Connors, JJ Rose-DeRenzy, JA Emr, M Warren, M Walker, MD CA Brain Attack Coalition TI Recommendations for comprehensive stroke centers - A consensus statement from the brain attack coalition SO STROKE LA English DT Review DE cerebrovascular disorders; cerebral hemorrhage; healthcare systems; patient care; university medical centers ID AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION; DIGITAL-SUBTRACTION-ANGIOGRAPHY; CAROTID-ARTERY STENOSIS; MIDDLE CEREBRAL-ARTERY; ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE; HEALTH-CARE PROFESSIONALS; ANEURYSMAL SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; MAGNETIC-RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; DURAL SINUS THROMBOSIS; SPECIAL WRITING GROUP AB Background and Purpose - To develop recommendations for the establishment of comprehensive stroke centers capable of delivering the full spectrum of care to seriously ill patients with stroke and cerebrovascular disease. Recommendations were developed by members of the Brain Attack Coalition (BAC), which is a multidisciplinary group of members from major professional organizations involved with the care of patients with stroke and cerebrovascular disease. Summary of Review - A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 1966 through December 2004 using Medline and Pub Med. Articles with information about clinical trials, meta-analyses, care guidelines, scientific guidelines, and other relevant clinical and research reports were examined and graded using established evidence-based medicine approaches for therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. Evidence was also obtained from a questionnaire survey sent to leaders in cerebrovascular disease. Members of BAC reviewed literature related to their field and graded the scientific evidence on the various diagnostic and treatment modalities for stroke. Input was obtained from the organizations represented by BAC. BAC met on several occasions to review each specific recommendation and reach a consensus about its importance in light of other medical, logistical, and financial factors. Conclusions - There are a number of key areas supported by evidence-based medicine that are important for a comprehensive stroke center and its ability to deliver the wide variety of specialized care needed by patients with serious cerebrovascular disease. These areas include: (1) health care personnel with specific expertise in a number of disciplines, including neurosurgery and vascular neurology; (2) advanced neuroimaging capabilities such as MRI and various types of cerebral angiography; (3) surgical and endovascular techniques, including clipping and coiling of intracranial aneurysms, carotid endarterectomy, and intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy; and (4) other specific infrastructure and programmatic elements such as an intensive care unit and a stroke registry. Integration of these elements into a coordinated hospital-based program or system is likely to improve outcomes of patients with strokes and complex cerebrovascular disease who require the services of a comprehensive stroke center. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Radiol, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Neurosurg, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Neurosci Consultants, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Neurosurg, Birmingham, AL USA. VA Connecticut Healthcare Syst, Neurol Serv, New Haven, CT USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Neurol Serv, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NINDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Off Natl Director Neurol, West Haven, CT USA. Univ Penn, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Miami Cardiac & Vasc Inst, Miami, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Stroke Assoc, Dallas, TX USA. Natl Stroke Assoc, Englewood, CO USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, New York, NY USA. Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Newark, DE USA. Emory Univ, Dept Neurosurg, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. OSF St Francis Med Ctr, Peoria, IL USA. RP Alberts, MJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Stroke Program, 710 N Lake Shore Dr,Room 1420, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM m-alberts@northwestern.edu OI Zorowitz, Richard/0000-0001-8938-786X NR 268 TC 316 Z9 327 U1 3 U2 26 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JUL PY 2005 VL 36 IS 7 BP 1597 EP 1616 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000170622.07210.b4 PG 20 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 941BW UT WOS:000230190600053 PM 15961715 ER PT J AU Caldwell, KL Jones, R Hollowell, JG AF Caldwell, KL Jones, R Hollowell, JG TI Urinary iodine concentration: United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002 SO THYROID LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY; DEFICIENCY AB Urine iodine has been measured in the U.S. population by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) since 1971. A downward trend was noted between NHANES 1 (320 +/- 6 mu g/L in 1971-1974) and NHANES 111 (145 3 mu g/L in 1988-1994). This report presents data from NHANES 2001-2002 that indicates that the U.S. median urine iodine (UI) level has stabilized since the initial drop between NHANES I and NHANES III. The median UI concentration in the U.S. population in NHANES 2001-2002 was found to be 167.8 mu g/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 159.3-177.6). The NHANES 2001-2002 data confirm the current stability of the U.S. iodine intake and continued adequate iodine nutrition for the country. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Kansas, Ctr Med, Dept Pediat, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Caldwell, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM klc7@cdc.gov RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; Jones, Robert/E-1170-2011 NR 20 TC 117 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1050-7256 J9 THYROID JI Thyroid PD JUL PY 2005 VL 15 IS 7 BP 692 EP 699 DI 10.1089/thy.2005.15.692 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 953NU UT WOS:000231084100011 PM 16053386 ER PT J AU Kleinman, SH Glynn, SA Higgins, M Triulzi, DJ Smith, JW Nass, CC Garratty, G Murphy, E LeParc, GE Schreiber, GB King, MR Chamberland, ME Nemo, GJ AF Kleinman, SH Glynn, SA Higgins, M Triulzi, DJ Smith, JW Nass, CC Garratty, G Murphy, E LeParc, GE Schreiber, GB King, MR Chamberland, ME Nemo, GJ TI The RADAR repository: a resource for studies of infectious agents and their transmissibility by transfusion SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; UNITED-STATES; RECIPIENTS; DISEASE; DONATIONS; ANTIBODY; SAFETY AB BACKGROUND: An ongoing issue in transfusion medicine is whether newly identified or emerging pathogens can be transmitted by transfusion. One method to study this question is through the use of a contemporary linked donor-recipient repository. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study Allogeneic Donor and Recipient (RADAR) repository was established between 2000 and 2003 by seven blood centers and eight collaborating hospitals. Specimens from consented donors were collected, components from their donations were routed to participating hospitals, and recipients of these units gave enrollment and follow-up specimens for long-term storage. The repository was designed to show that zero transmissions to enrolled recipients would indicate with 95 percent confidence that the transfusion transmission rate of an agent with prevalence of 0.05 to 1 percent was lower than 25 percent. RESULTS: The repository contains pre- and posttransfusion specimens from 3,575 cardiac, vascular, and orthopedic surgery patients, linked to 13,201 donation specimens. The mean number of RADAR donation exposures per recipient is 3.85. The distribution of components transfused is 77 percent red cells, 13 percent whole blood-derived platelet concentrates, and 10 percent fresh frozen plasma. A supplementary unlinked donation repository containing 99,906 specimens from 84,339 donors was also established and can be used to evaluate the prevalence of an agent and validate assay(s) performance before accessing the donor-recipient-linked repository. Recipient testing conducted during the establishment of RADAR revealed no transmissions of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, or human T-lymphotropic virus. CONCLUSIONS: RADAR is a contemporary donor-recipient repository that can be accessed to study the transfusion transmissibility of emerging agents. C1 WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Amer Red Cross Blood Serv SE Michigan Reg, Detroit, MI USA. Inst Transfus med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Oklahoma Blood Inst, Sylvan N Goldman Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Amer Red Cross Blood Serv, Greater Chesapeake & Potomac Reg, Baltimore, MD USA. Amer Red Cross Blood Serv So Calif Reg, Los Angeles, CA USA. Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Florida Blood Serv, St Petersburg, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NHLBI, Blood Resources Branch, Div Blood Dis & Resources, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Schreiber, GB (reprint author), WESTAT Corp, 1650 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM GeorgeSchreiber@westat.com FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HB-97078, N01-HB-97079, N01-HB-97081, N01-HB-97080, N01-HB-97082, N01-HB-47114, N01-HB-97077] NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUL PY 2005 VL 45 IS 7 BP 1073 EP 1083 DI 10.1111/j.1537.2995.00171.x PG 11 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 942UG UT WOS:000230307800007 PM 15987350 ER PT J AU Shenoi, SD Kumar, P Khadilkar, U Johnston, S AF Shenoi, SD Kumar, P Khadilkar, U Johnston, S TI Crusted papule on forehead due to Dirofilaria repens SO TROPICAL DOCTOR LA English DT Article C1 Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Skin & STD, Manipal 576119, India. Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Plast Surg, Manipal 576119, India. Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Pathol, Mangalore, India. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shenoi, SD (reprint author), Kasturba Med Coll & Hosp, Dept Skin & STD, Manipal 576119, India. EM shru12@yahoo.com OI shenoi, shrutakirthi/0000-0002-1495-9322 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0049-4755 J9 TROP DOCT JI Trop. Dr. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 181 EP 182 DI 10.1258/0049475054620789 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 958ZD UT WOS:000231485800024 PM 16105353 ER PT J AU Velasco-Villa, A Orciari, LA Souza, V Juarez-Islas, V Gomez-Sierra, M Castillo, A Flisser, A Rupprecht, CE AF Velasco-Villa, A Orciari, LA Souza, V Juarez-Islas, V Gomez-Sierra, M Castillo, A Flisser, A Rupprecht, CE TI Molecular epizootiology of rabies associated with terrestrial carnivores in Mexico SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rabies in Americas CY OCT, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA DE epizootiology; rabies; terrestrial carnivores ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS VARIANTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DIVERSITY; GENUS; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; DYNAMICS; ONTARIO; EUROPE AB Epizootiological patterns of rabies are described, using antigenic and genetic analysis of samples obtained from infected domestic and wild mammals in 20 Mexican states during 1976-2002. Two independent origins are suggested for rabies in Mexican carnivores. One group shares ancestry with canine rabies, while the other group appears to share a common origin with bat rabies in North America. More than 12 sublineages were found in rabid dog populations, suggesting at least six major spatio-temporal foci. Coyote rabies was found as independent enzootic foci that probably emerged via spillover from dog rabies, translocated from major foci in the southcentral and western regions of Mexico. One focus of gray fox rabies was widely distributed in northwestern Mexico, overlapping with a focus in the same species in the southwestern United States. A skunk rabies focus distributed in the northcentral Mexican states appears to share a common origin with bat rabies foci in North America. and is a close relative of southcentral skunk and raccoon rabies in the United States. Two other skunk foci share a common ancestor with canine rabies and were distributed in northwest Mexico and Yucatan. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Diagnost & Referencia Epidemiol, Lab Rabia, Mexico City 11340, DF, Mexico. Inst Ecol, Dept Ecol Evolut, Lab Evoluc Mol & Expt, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Natl Autonomous Univ Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. RP Velasco-Villa, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aiv0@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1 BP 13 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.007 PG 15 WC Virology SC Virology GA 933ZF UT WOS:000229670900003 PM 15896399 ER PT J AU Kuzmin, IV Hughes, GJ Botvinkin, AD Orciari, LA Rupprecht, CE AF Kuzmin, IV Hughes, GJ Botvinkin, AD Orciari, LA Rupprecht, CE TI Phylogenetic relationships of Irkut and West Caucasian bat viruses within the Lyssavirus genus and suggested quantitative criteria based on the N gene sequence for lyssavirus genotype definition SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rabies in Americas CY OCT, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA DE Rhabdovirus; Lyssavirus; rabies; Chiroplera; bat; phylogeny; genotype ID RABIES-RELATED VIRUSES; LAGOS BAT; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; SELECTION PRESSURE; MOKOLA; PHOSPHOPROTEIN; GLYCOPROTEIN; EVOLUTION; IDENTIFICATION AB The nucleoprotein (N), phosphoprotein (P) and glycoprotein (G) genes of Irkut and West Caucasian bat viruses (WCBV) were sequenced and compared with those of other lyssaviruses. N gene nucleotide identities provided unequivocal separation of all lyssavirus genotypes with an identity threshold of 82%. On this basis, Irkut virus should be considered as a new genotype with particular relatedness to genotypes 4 and 5 (78.0-78.6% identity for N gene nucleotides and 90.4-92.6% for amino acids). Furthermore, genotypes 4-6, together with Aravan, Khujand and Irkut viruses, present a solid phylogroup of Old World bat lyssaviruses. This relationship is apparent using all three viral genes, and causes overlap between intragenotype and intergenotype identities for the P gene (Aravan, Khujand viruses and genotype 6) and for the G gene (Aravan, Khujand, genotypes 5 and 6). WCBV is the most divergent of known lyssaviruses with only limited relatedness to genotypes 2 and 3. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Nat Foci Infect, Omsk 644080, Russia. Plague Control Res Inst Siberia & Far E, Irkutsk 664047, Russia. RP Kuzmin, IV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Cliffton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ibk3@cdc.gov NR 77 TC 108 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1 BP 28 EP 43 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.008 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 933ZF UT WOS:000229670900004 PM 15896400 ER PT J AU Hanlon, CA Kuzmin, IV Blanton, JD Weldon, WC Manangan, JS Rupprecht, CE AF Hanlon, CA Kuzmin, IV Blanton, JD Weldon, WC Manangan, JS Rupprecht, CE TI Efficacy of rabies biologics against new lyssaviruses from Eurasia SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rabies in Americas CY OCT, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA DE rabies; Lyssavirus; bat; Chiroptera; rabies vaccine; prophylaxis; zoonosis ID EUROPEAN BAT LYSSAVIRUSES; DOMESTIC FERRETS; NEW-YORK; VIRUS; KYRGHYZSTAN; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; ORIGIN; MOKOLA; STATE AB New causative agents of rabies continue to emerge as shown by the recent description of four novel lyssaviruses from bats in Eurasia, Aravan (ARAV), Khujand (KHUV), Irkut (IRKV), and West Caucasian bat virus (WCBV). The effect of rabies vaccination prior to exposure to these new lyssaviruses was investigated in two animal models (i.e., Syrian hamsters and ferrets). The hamsters were vaccinated intramuscularly with a commercial human or veterinary vaccine or with an experimental vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant vaccine. At 5 weeks after vaccination, animals were challenged with ARAV, KHUV, IRKV, or WCBV, or with a traditional rabies virus of dog/coyote origin. Previously vaccinated and rabies-naive ferrets were also challenged with the four new isolates. In addition, the combined effect of rabies immunoglobulin and vaccine after exposure to the four isolates was investigated in hamsters using commercially available human products or an experimental monoclonal antibody. Results showed reduced protection with pre-exposure vaccination and with conventional rabies post-exposure prophylaxis against all four new bat viruses. In general, protection was inversely related to the genetic distance between the new isolates and traditional rabies viruses. For example, the WCBV is the most divergent of these lyssaviruses, and neither pre-exposure vaccination nor conventional post-exposure prophylaxis provided significant protection. The potential impact of these new lyssaviruses on human and domestic animal health and the impact on the putative bat reservoir populations will require further field and laboratory investigation. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hanlon, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Rabies Team,Mailstop G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM chanlon@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 91 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1 BP 44 EP 54 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.009 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 933ZF UT WOS:000229670900005 PM 15896401 ER PT J AU Slate, D Rupprecht, CE Rooney, JA Donovan, D Lein, DH Chipman, RB AF Slate, D Rupprecht, CE Rooney, JA Donovan, D Lein, DH Chipman, RB TI Status of oral rabies vaccination in wild carnivores in the United States SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rabies in Americas CY OCT, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA DE rabies virus; terrestrial rabies; oral rabies vaccination-; bait; barrier; Vaccima; Carnivora; carnivores; raccoon; coyote; gray fox; red foxy; skunk; bat ID RACCOON RABIES; TRANSLOCATED RACCOONS; GLYCOPROTEIN; VIRUS; FOXES; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; PROGRAM; ONTARIO; FIELD AB Persistence of multiple variants of rabies virus in wild Chiroptera and Carnivora presents a continuing challenge to medical, veterinary and wildlife management professionals. Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) targeting specific Carnivora species has emerged as an integral adjunct to conventional rabies control strategies to protect humans and domestic animals. ORV has been applied with progress toward eliminating rabies in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in western Europe and southern Ontario, Canada. More recently since 1995, coordinated ORV was implemented among eastern states in the U.S.A. to prevent spread of raccoon (Procyon lotor) rabies and to contain and eliminate variants of rabies virus in the gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and coyote (Canis latrans) in Texas. In this paper, we describe the current cooperative ORV program in the U.S.A. and discuss the importance of coordination of surveillance and rabies control programs in Canada, Mexico and the U.S.A. Specifically, several priorities have been identified for these programs to succeed, which include additional oral vaccines, improved baits to reach target species, optimized ORV strategies, effective communication and legal strategies to limit translocation across ORV barriers, and access to sufficient long-term funding. These key priorities must be addressed to ensure that ORV has the optimal chance of achieving long range programmatic goals of eliminating specific variants of rabies virus in North American terrestrial carnivores. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. W Virginia Dept Hlth & Human Resources, Charleston, WV USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON, Canada. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, Castleton, NY USA. RP Slate, D (reprint author), USDA, APHIS, Wildlife Serv, 59 Chenell Dr,Suite 7, Concord, NH 03301 USA. EM dennis.slate@aphis.usda.gov NR 56 TC 90 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1 BP 68 EP 76 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.012 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 933ZF UT WOS:000229670900008 PM 15896404 ER PT J AU Rudd, RJ Smith, JS Yager, PA Orciari, LA Trimarchi, CV AF Rudd, RJ Smith, JS Yager, PA Orciari, LA Trimarchi, CV TI A need for standardized rabies-virus diagnostic procedures: Effect of cover-glass mountant on the reliability of antigen detection by the fluorescent antibody test SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rabies in Americas CY OCT, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA DE rabies; fluorescent antibody test; microscope slide cover-slip mountant; standard protocol ID MOUNTING MEDIUM; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; MICROSCOPY; PRESERVATION; SPECIFICITY AB The direct fluorescent antibody test is a sensitive and specific procedure used in the routine diagnosis of rabies. However, given the critical role of the rabies diagnostic laboratory in patient management and public health decision-making, the use of a standardized national rabies diagnostic procedure is highly recommended. Seemingly small variations in test procedures may have dramatic effects on sensitivity. For example, two independent reports of diminished staining performance of two lots of a commercial anti-rabies conjugate were investigated in this study. The diminished staining occurred only with a single rabies-virus variant, associated with big brown bats, Eptesicus fuscus, in the southwestern United States. Similarly diluted and prepared diagnostic reagents provided bright staining on all other variants of rabies-virus tested. Subsequent evaluation disclosed that the phenomenon was associated with the relative concentrations of Glycerol used in the mounting media by the reporting laboratories. These findings, related to the proper selection of an optimal cover-glass mountant for use in the immunofluorescence procedure, demonstrate the potential for erroneous results with severe implications for patient health. when uncontrolled variations in protocol occur. This paper underscores the necessity for all rabies diagnostic laboratories to follow one standard protocol. Such a protocol has been placed on the websites maintained by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/rabies/professional/publications/DFA-diagnosis/DFA-protocol-b.htm. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rudd, RJ (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Box 509, Albany, NY 12201 USA. EM rjr06@health.state.ny.us; jss2@cdc.gov; pay2@cdc.gov; lao0@cdc.gov; trimarch@wadsworth.org NR 24 TC 19 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.014 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 933ZF UT WOS:000229670900010 PM 15896406 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA Blanton, J Manangan, J Morrill, P Murphy, S Niezgoda, M Orciari, LA Schumacher, CL Dietzschold, B AF Rupprecht, CE Hanlon, CA Blanton, J Manangan, J Morrill, P Murphy, S Niezgoda, M Orciari, LA Schumacher, CL Dietzschold, B TI Oral vaccination of dogs with recombinant rabies virus vaccines SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rabies in Americas CY OCT, 2003 CL Philadelphia, PA DE rabies; rabies virus; rabies vaccination; oral vaccination; canine vaccination ID HUMAN ADENOVIRUS; GLYCOPROTEIN; PATHOGENICITY; SAFETY; SAG-2; OVEREXPRESSION; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION; IMMUNITY; STRAIN AB Oral rabies virus (RV) vaccines are used to immunize a diversity of mammalian carnivores, but no single biological is effective for all major species. Recently. advances in reverse genetics have allowed the design of recombinant RV for consideration as new vaccines. The objective of this experiment was to examine the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of recombinant RV vaccines administered to captive dogs by the oral route, compared to a commercial vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (V-RG) recombinant virus vaccine. Animals consisted of naive purpose-bred beagles of both sexes. and were 6 months of age or older. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of six groups, and received either diluent or vaccine (PBS; V-RG-, RV SN10-333; RV SPBN-Cyto c; RV SPBNGA; RV SPBNGAGA), with at least six animals per group. On day 0, 1 ml of each vaccine (or PBS) was administered to the oral cavity of each dog, at an approximate concentration of 10(8) to 10(9) TCID50.. After vaccination, dogs were observed daily and bled weekly, for 5 weeks, prior to RV challenge. No signs of illness related to vaccination were detected during the observation period. Excluding the controls, RV neutralizing antibodies were detected in the majority of animals within 1-2 weeks of primary vaccination. Thereafter, all dogs were inoculated in the masseter muscle with a street virus of canine origin. All control animals developed rabies, but no vaccinates Succumbed, with the exception of a single dog in the V-RG group. Review of these preliminary data demonstrates the non-inferiority of recombinant RV products, as concerns both safety and efficacy, and supports the suggestion that these vaccines may hold promise for future development as oral immunogens for important carnivore species, such as dogs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Rabies Unit, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Merial SAS, F-69007 Lyon, France. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Rabies Unit, Mailstop G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyr5@cdc.gov FU NCPDCID CDC HHS [2 R44 CI0081-02]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI45097-6, R01 AI060686-01A1, AI09706-32] NR 40 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 111 IS 1 BP 101 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.03.017 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 933ZF UT WOS:000229670900013 PM 15896409 ER PT J AU Wymer, LJ Dufour, AP Calderon, RL Wade, TJ Beach, M AF Wymer, LJ Dufour, AP Calderon, RL Wade, TJ Beach, M TI Comment on "Derivation of numerical values for the World Health Organization guidelines for recreational waters" SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPOSURE AB The subject paper describes a procedure for adjusting a risk model based upon a measure of personal exposure (the "UK personal exposure model") in order to attribute an expected rate of gastroenteritis among a group of swimmers to a mean recreational water quality value (enterococci per 100 mL). We term the resulting model for group risk the "UK ecologic exposure model." The distinction is essential to establishing recreational water quality guidelines because exposures of individual bathers are not known from a water monitoring program, the only assessment available being some form of ecologic exposure such as a mean log indicator density. While the authors of the subject paper solved the '' UK ecologic exposure model for only a single point (that value of mean log 10 enterococcus density which is expected to result in five extra cases of gastroenteritis per 100 swimmers), we extend their model to show the entire curve over a relevant range of densities. The resulting exposure-response curve is seen to not differ substantially from the existing USEPA model for "highly credible gastrointestinal illness" in marine waters. However, particularly since such correspondence is not guaranteed for future studies or for other existing epidemiological studies, we recommend the direct approach to evaluating ecologic exposure, such as used in the USEPA studies, rather than the indirect approach of the UK ecologic exposure model, given the number of untested assumptions that are necessary for accomplishing the latter. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wymer, LJ (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, 26 W ML King Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM wymer.larry@epa.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2774 EP 2777 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.038 PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 952CW UT WOS:000230980600032 PM 15939451 ER PT J AU Chuang, CH Chase, GA Bensyl, DM Weisman, CS AF Chuang, CH Chase, GA Bensyl, DM Weisman, CS TI Contraceptive use by diabetic and obese women SO WOMENS HEALTH ISSUES LA English DT Article ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; CESAREAN DELIVERY; MATERNAL OBESITY; UNITED-STATES; RISK; CARE AB Purpose: Women with chronic medical conditions are at increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes, yet contraceptive use by these women has not been well described. The purpose of this study was to describe contraceptive use by diabetic and overweight/obese women compared with women without these conditions. Methods: Using cross-sectional data from the 11 states participating in the optional Family Planning Module of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2000, we analyzed contraceptive use among 7,943 sexually active women of reproductive age (18-44) who were not trying to conceive. Using logistic regression techniques, we modeled the effect of diabetes and overweight/obesity on contraceptive nonuse, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, income, and health insurance coverage. Main Findings: Contraceptive nonuse was reported by 1,500 (18.9%) of the total sample, 31 (25.8%) diabetic women, 371 (20.0%) overweight women, and 385 (23.4%) obese women. In the multivariable model, obesity was significantly associated with contraceptive nonuse (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.34, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-1.55), but there were no significant differences in contraceptive nonuse for diabetic women (adjusted OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.80-1.87) or overweight women (adjusted OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.99-1.31). Older, Black, Hispanic, married, less educated, and women without health insurance were more likely to report contraceptive nonuse. Conclusion: Among women with need for contraception, obese women were more likely to report contraceptive nonuse than normal weight women. Because women with chronic conditions like obesity are at higher risk of pregnancy-related complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes, proper contraceptive use and unintended pregnancy avoidance is a priority. C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Dept Med,Div Gen Internal Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci & Obstet & Gynecol, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Chuang, CH (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Dept Med,Div Gen Internal Med, Mail Code HU15,500 Univ Dr,POB 850, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM cchuang@psu.edu NR 25 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1049-3867 J9 WOMEN HEALTH ISS JI Womens Health Iss. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 167 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.whi.2005.04.002 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 951CU UT WOS:000230907300003 PM 16051107 ER PT J AU Bravo, R Caltabiano, LM Fernandez, C Smith, KD Gallegos, M Whitehead, RD Weerasekera, G Restrepo, P Bishop, AM Perez, JJ Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Bravo, R Caltabiano, LM Fernandez, C Smith, KD Gallegos, M Whitehead, RD Weerasekera, G Restrepo, P Bishop, AM Perez, JJ Needham, LL Barr, DB TI Quantification of phenolic metabolites of environmental chemicals in human urine using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and isotope dilution quantification SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE phenolic metabolites; human urine; GC-MS/MS ID EXPOSURE; APPLICATORS; PESTICIDES AB We have developed a method to measure 12 urinary phenolic metabolites of pesticides or related chemicals. The target chemicals for our method are 2-isopropoxyphenol; 2,4-dichlorophenol; 2,5-dichlorophenol; carbofuranphenol; 2,4,5-trichlorophenol; 2,4,6-trichlorophenol; 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol; para-nitrophenol, ortho-phenylphenol, pentachlorophenol, 1-naphthol and 2-naphthol. The sample preparation involves enzyme hydrolysis, isolation of the target chemicals using solid phase extraction cartridges, a phase-transfer catalyzed derivatization, cleanup using sorbent-immobilized liquid/liquid extraction cartridges, and concentration of the sample. Derivatized samples are analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy using isotope dilution calibration for quantification. The limits of detection are in the mid ng/L range and the average coefficient of variation was below 15% for most of the analytes. Using our method, we measured concentrations of the target chemicals in urine samples from the general population. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Bel Air, MD USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4470 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DBarr@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 11 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD JUN 25 PY 2005 VL 820 IS 2 BP 229 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.03.012 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 932JY UT WOS:000229551200009 PM 15899376 ER PT J AU Bryce, J Black, RE Walker, N Bhutta, ZA Lawn, JE Steketee, RW AF Bryce, J Black, RE Walker, N Bhutta, ZA Lawn, JE Steketee, RW TI Can the world afford to save the lives of 6 million children each year? SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HEALTH INTERVENTIONS; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; DEATHS AB Background In July, 2003, the Bellagio Study Group on Child Survival estimated that the lives of 6 million children could be saved each year if 23 proven interventions were universally available in the 42 countries responsible for 90% of child deaths in 2000. Here we assess the cost of delivering these interventions, and discuss whether the achievement of the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) for child survival falls within the financial capacities of donors and developing countries. Methods All child survival interventions shown to reduce mortality from the major causes of death in children younger than 5 years were incorporated into a delivery timetable comprised of 18 contacts between a child or mother and a health-care provider in the period from before birth until the child reaches 5 years. The running costs of delivering the interventions at universal coverage levels were calculated as the sum of unit costs for drugs and materials, delivery costs, and programme management and support costs, including supervision. We estimated the cost of providing interventions at coverage levels reported for 2000 and the additional costs of providing services at universal coverage levels. Findings US$5.1 billion in new resources is needed annually to save 6 million child lives in the 42 countries responsible for 90% of child deaths in 2000. This cost represents $1.23 per head in these countries, or an average cost per child life saved of $887. Sensitivity analyses for salary levels for community delivery agents, drug costs, and coverage rates for 2000 were used to develop uncertainty estimates around the US$ 5.1 billion annual price tag that range from about $3.1 billion to $8.0 billion. Interpretation Achieving the MDG for child survival is affordable for donors and developing countries. Scaling up health delivery is the challenge, and, along with the lack of funds, will be the limiting factor in reducing child mortality by two-thirds by 2015. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. UNICEF, Div Policy & Planning, New York, NY USA. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Paediat, Karachi, Pakistan. Save Children USA, Saving Newborn Lives, Westport, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Black, RE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM rblack@jhsph.edu OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 NR 33 TC 94 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 25 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9478 BP 2193 EP 2200 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66777-3 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 938WT UT WOS:000230034800029 PM 15978927 ER PT J AU Smith, K Boxrud, D Leano, F Snider, C Braden, C Lockett, J Montgomery, S Swanson, S O'Reilly, C AF Smith, K Boxrud, D Leano, F Snider, C Braden, C Lockett, J Montgomery, S Swanson, S O'Reilly, C TI Outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium associated with rodents purchased at retail pet stores - United States, December 2003-October 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 429-433, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, K (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 22 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 24 BP 2994 EP 2996 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 937SG UT WOS:000229945200009 ER PT J AU Cannon, MJ Davis, KF AF Cannon, MJ Davis, KF TI Washing our hands of the congenital cytomegalovirus disease epidemic SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME; TO-MOTHER TRANSMISSION; CHILD DAY-CARE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PREGNANT-WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; PREVENTION; GANCICLOVIR; POPULATIONS AB Background: Each year in the United States, an estimated 40,000 children are born with congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, causing an estimated 400 deaths and leaving approximately 8000 children with permanent disabilities such as hearing or vision loss, or mental retardation. More children are affected by serious CMV-related disabilities than by several better-known childhood maladies, including Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, and spina bifida. Discussion: Congenital CMV is a prime target for prevention not only because of its substantial disease burden but also because the biology and epidemiology of CMV suggest that there are ways to reduce viral transmission. Because exposure to the saliva or urine of young children is a major cause of CMV infection among pregnant women, it is likely that good personal hygiene, especially hand-washing, can reduce the risk of CMV acquisition. Experts agree that such measures are likely to be efficacious (i.e., they will work if consistently followed) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that physicians counsel pregnant women about preventing CMV acquisition through careful attention to hygiene. However, because of concerns about effectiveness (i.e., Will women consistently follow hygienic practices as the result of interventions?), the medical and public health communities appear reluctant to embrace primary CMV prevention via improved hygienic practices, and educational interventions are rare. Current data on the effectiveness of such measures in preventing CMV infection are promising, but limited. There is strong evidence, however, that educational interventions can prevent other infectious diseases with similar transmission modes, suggesting that effective interventions can also be found for CMV. Until a CMV vaccine becomes available, effective educational interventions are needed to inform women about congenital CMV prevention. Summary: Perhaps no single cause of birth defects and developmental disabilities in the United States currently provides greater opportunity for improved outcomes in more children than congenital CMV. Given the present state of knowledge, women deserve to be informed about how they can reduce their risk of CMV infection during pregnancy, and trials are needed to identify effective educational interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Cannon, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcannon@cdc.gov; kfinndavis@yahoo.com RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 58 TC 156 Z9 160 U1 1 U2 11 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 70 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-5-70 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 951YK UT WOS:000230968100001 PM 15967030 ER PT J AU Pallansch, M AF Pallansch, M TI Splendid solution - Jonas Salk and the conquest of polio SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pallansch, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM map1@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5729 BP 1744 EP 1745 DI 10.1126/science.1111459 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 937LY UT WOS:000229926800036 ER PT J AU Pallansch, M AF Pallansch, M TI Living with polio the epidemic and its survivors SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pallansch, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM map1@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5729 BP 1744 EP 1745 DI 10.1126/science.1111459 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 937LY UT WOS:000229926800037 ER PT J AU Pallansch, M AF Pallansch, M TI Polio - An American story SO SCIENCE LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pallansch, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM map1@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5729 BP 1744 EP 1745 DI 10.1126/science.1111459 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 937LY UT WOS:000229926800035 ER PT J AU Yih, WK Brooks, DR Lett, SM Jumaan, AO Zhang, Z Clements, KM Seward, JF AF Yih, WK Brooks, DR Lett, SM Jumaan, AO Zhang, Z Clements, KM Seward, JF TI The incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Massachusetts as measured by the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) during a period of increasing varicella vaccine coverage, 1998-2003 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; POSTHERPETIC NEURALGIA; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; GENERAL-PRACTICE; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHICKENPOX; COMPLICATIONS; LEUKEMIA; ADULTS AB Background: The authors sought to monitor the impact of widespread varicella vaccination on the epidemiology of varicella and herpes zoster. While varicella incidence would be expected to decrease, mathematical models predict an initial increase in herpes zoster incidence if re-exposure to varicella protects against reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. Methods: In 1998 - 2003, as varicella vaccine uptake increased, incidence of varicella and herpes zoster in Massachusetts was monitored using the random-digit-dial Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results: Between 1998 and 2003, varicella incidence declined from 16.5/1,000 to 3.5/1,000 (79%) overall with >= 66% decreases for all age groups except adults (27% decrease). Age-standardized estimates of overall herpes zoster occurrence increased from 2.77/1,000 to 5.25/1,000 (90%) in the period 1999 - 2003, and the trend in both crude and adjusted rates was highly significant ( p < 0.001). Annual age-specific rates were somewhat unstable, but all increased, and the trend was significant for the 25 - 44 year and 65+ year age groups. Conclusion: As varicella vaccine coverage in children increased, the incidence of varicella decreased and the occurrence of herpes zoster increased. If the observed increase in herpes zoster incidence is real, widespread vaccination of children is only one of several possible explanations. Further studies are needed to understand secular trends in herpes zoster before and after use of varicella vaccine in the United States and other countries. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Div Epidemiol & Immunizat, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Invest Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Hlth Survey Program, Ctr Hlth Informat Stat Res & Evaluat, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Appl Stat Evaluat Serv, Bur Family & Community Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Appl Stat Tech Serv, Bur Family & Community Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yih, WK (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM katherine_yih@harvardpilgrim.org; danbrook@bu.edu; susan.lett@state.ma.us; aoj1@cdc.gov; zi.zhang@state.ma.us; karen.clements@state.ma.us; jfs2@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [H23/CCH104486] NR 44 TC 98 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 16 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 68 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-5-68 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 949MV UT WOS:000230793700001 PM 15960856 ER PT J AU Willoughby, RE Tieves, KS Hoffman, GM Ghanayem, NS Amlie-Lefond, CM Schwabe, MJ Chusid, MJ Rupprecht, CE AF Willoughby, RE Tieves, KS Hoffman, GM Ghanayem, NS Amlie-Lefond, CM Schwabe, MJ Chusid, MJ Rupprecht, CE TI Brief report - Survival after treatment of rabies with induction of coma SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; MICE; MANAGEMENT; GLUTAMATE; KETAMINE; HUMANS; UPDATE AB We report the survival of a 15-year-old girl in whom clinical rabies developed one month after she was bitten by a bat. Treatment included induction of coma while a native immune response matured; rabies vaccine was not administered. The patient was treated with ketamine, midazolam, ribavirin, and amantadine. Probable drug-related toxic effects included hemolysis, pancreatitis, acidosis, and hepatotoxicity. Lumbar puncture after eight days showed an increased level of rabies antibody, and sedation was tapered. Paresis and sensory denervation then resolved. The patient was removed from isolation after 31 days and discharged to her home after 76 days. At nearly five months after her initial hospitalization, she was alert and communicative, but with choreoathetosis, dysarthria, and an unsteady gait. C1 Med Coll Wisconsin, Res Ctr, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Midwest Athletes Childhood Canc Fund, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat Crit Care Med, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat Anesthesiol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat Neurol, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Willoughby, RE (reprint author), Med Coll Wisconsin, Res Ctr, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Midwest Athletes Childhood Canc Fund, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd,Suite 3019, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. EM rewillou@mail.mcw.edu RI Hoffman, George/C-1036-2008 OI Hoffman, George/0000-0001-6501-2940 NR 25 TC 242 Z9 273 U1 2 U2 25 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 16 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 24 BP 2508 EP 2514 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa050382 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 935RH UT WOS:000229798900006 PM 15958806 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A Kuehnert, M Rupprecht, C AF Srinivasan, A Kuehnert, M Rupprecht, C TI Transmission of rabies from an organ donor - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JUN 16 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 24 BP 2552 EP 2552 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 935RH UT WOS:000229798900018 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Liu, SM AF Ford, ES Liu, SM TI Invited commentary: Acne in Adolescence - Protecting the heart but damaging the prostate later in life? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; ENDOGENOUS SEX-HORMONES; BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; HEALTHY ADULT MEN; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 12 BP 1102 EP 1106 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi148 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 934HQ UT WOS:000229700300002 PM 15937018 ER PT J AU Daley, WR Brown, S Archer, P Kruger, E Jordan, F Batts, D Mallonee, S AF Daley, WR Brown, S Archer, P Kruger, E Jordan, F Batts, D Mallonee, S TI Risk of tornado-related death and injury in Oklahoma, May 3, 1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environment; natural disasters; weather; wounds and injuries AB On May 3, 1999, powerful tornadoes, including a category F5 tornado, swept through Oklahoma. The authors examined all tornado-related deaths, hospital admissions, and emergency department visits to identify important risk factors. Data on deaths and injuries directly related to the tornadoes and information obtained from a survey of residents in the damage path of the F5 tornado were used in a case-control analysis. The direct force of the tornadoes caused 40 deaths, 133 hospital admissions, and 265 emergency department outpatient visits. The risk of death from the F5 tornado was greater for persons who were in mobile homes (odds ratio (OR) = 35.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.8, 175.6) or outdoors (OR = 141.2, 95% CI: 15.9, 6,379.8) when the tornado struck than for those in permanently anchored houses. Risk of severe injury was also greater for persons in mobile homes (OR = 11.8, 95% CI: 3.4, 51.7) or outdoors (OR = 34.3, 95% CI: 4.4, 1,526.2). However, the risk of death (OR = 0.0, 95% CI: 0.0, 9.9), severe injury (OR = 0.0, 95% CI: 0.0, 2.0), or minor injury (OR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.1, 3.1) was not greater among persons in motor vehicles than among those in houses. The risk of death (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.1, 1.7), severe injury (OR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.6), or minor injury (OR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.7) was lower among those fleeing their homes in motor vehicles than among those remaining. Recommendations involving the relative safety of motor vehicles during a tornado should be evaluated using experience from recent tornado events. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Injury Prevent Serv, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Off Chief Med Examiner Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Daley, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop E-92,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wdaley@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 12 BP 1144 EP 1150 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi142 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 934HQ UT WOS:000229700300007 PM 15937023 ER PT J AU Cheng, SF Rauen, KA Pinkel, D Albertson, DG Cotter, PD AF Cheng, SF Rauen, KA Pinkel, D Albertson, DG Cotter, PD TI Xq chromosome duplication in males: Clinical, cytogenetic and array CGH characterization of a new case and review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE array comparative genomic hybridization; duplication; genotype-phenotype correlation; prenatal diagnosis; X chromosome ID GROWTH-HORMONE DEFICIENCY; TANDEM DUPLICATION; INTERSTITIAL DUPLICATION; INHERITED DUPLICATION; MENTAL-RETARDATION; MALE PROBAND; PATIENT; GENOME; DISOMY; REARRANGEMENTS AB Males with duplications within the long arm of the X chromosome are rare and most cases are inherited from a maternal heterozygote. We report a male with a de novo Xq duplication and review of the literature. The proband was ascertained prenatally after an abnormal expanded alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screen and abnormal ultrasound findings. Chromosome analysis on amniocyte and subsequent peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures showed a male karyotype containing additional material on the long arm of the X chromosome. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with an X chromosome whole chromosome paint probe showed that the additional material was derived from the X chromosome, interpreted as a dup(X)(q13.3q24). Further characterization of the duplication by array CGH showed a duplication size between 30-44 Mb as determined by the map position of the flanking clones on the array, and refined the breakpoints of the duplicated region to Xq21.32 -> Xq25. At birth, the proband had multiple craniofacial. abnormalities, musculoskeletal anomalies, bilateral cryptorchidism with scrotal hypoplasia, conductive hearing loss, and profound generalized hypotonia despite normal birthweight, length, and head circumference. Although data regarding Xq duplications in males are limited, a clear pattern of characteristic features can be discerned as illustrated in the present case and confirmed in our literature review. Mental, psychomotor and growth retardation, as well as, craniofacial anomalies, muscle hypotonia, hypoplastic genitalia, cryptorchidism., feeding difficulties, and endocrine dysfunction are all significant issues in these individuals. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Med Genet, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Comprehens Canc, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Div Med Genet, Oakland, CA USA. Res Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Dept Pathol, Oakland, CA USA. RP Cheng, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MSE 86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sabrinafcheng@yahoo.com NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 135A IS 3 BP 308 EP 313 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30613 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 930KR UT WOS:000229415200013 PM 15887264 ER PT J AU Walker, FJ Singleton, RJ Bulkow, LR Strikas, RA Butler, JC AF Walker, FJ Singleton, RJ Bulkow, LR Strikas, RA Butler, JC TI Reactions after 3 or more doses of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adults in Alaska SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ELDERLY PERSONS; INFLUENZA VACCINE; REVACCINATION; SAFETY; PERSISTENCE; ANTIBODY; DISEASE AB Background. Following vaccination with 23- valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV), pneumococcal antibody levels decline to prevaccination levels within 6-10 years. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices does not recommend routine revaccination because data on the safety and effectiveness of additional doses are insufficient. Methods. To determine whether medically attended adverse events occur more frequently after the third dose of PPV than after the first or second dose, we performed a retrospective review of medical records from a computer database for health care facilities that serve more than one-half of the Alaska Native population. All persons who had received >= 3 PPV doses () were included in the review, as were a randomly selected comparison group n=179 of 181 persons who had received 1 or 2 doses. Results. Only 1 (0.55%) of 179 persons who had received >= 3 PPV doses and 4 (2.76%) of 181 persons in the comparison group had a medically attended adverse event, and no severe adverse events were recorded. Conclusion. We found no difference in the risk of medically attended adverse events following >= 3 doses of PPV, compared with 1 or 2 doses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Walker, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fwalker@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1730 EP 1735 DI 10.1086/430305 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 927OW UT WOS:000229204300003 PM 15909258 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG AF Whitney, CG TI New safety information for an old vaccine SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; ADULTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cwhitney@cdc.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1736 EP 1737 DI 10.1086/430319 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 927OW UT WOS:000229204300004 PM 15909259 ER PT J AU Cotch, MF Janiszewski, R Klein, RJ Turczyn, KM Brett, KM AF Cotch, MF Janiszewski, R Klein, RJ Turczyn, KM Brett, KM CA CDC TI Visual impairment and use of eye-care services and protective eyewear among children - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 425-429, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cotch, MF (reprint author), NEI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 23 BP 2851 EP 2852 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 935MD UT WOS:000229785500009 ER PT J AU Corby, R Lanni, V Kistler, V Dato, V Weltman, A Yozviak, C Waller, K Nalluswami, K Moll, M Lockett, J Montgomery, S Lynch, M Braden, C Gupta, SK DuBois, A AF Corby, R Lanni, V Kistler, V Dato, V Weltman, A Yozviak, C Waller, K Nalluswami, K Moll, M Lockett, J Montgomery, S Lynch, M Braden, C Gupta, SK DuBois, A CA CDC TI Outbreaks of Salmonella infections associated with eating Roma tomatoes - United States and Canada, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 325-328, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PLANTS C1 Allentown Hlth Bur, Allentown, PA USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. US FDA, Off Crisis Management, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 23 BP 2852 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 935MD UT WOS:000229785500010 ER PT J AU Jumaan, AO Yu, OC Jackson, LA Bohlke, K Galil, K Seward, JF AF Jumaan, AO Yu, OC Jackson, LA Bohlke, K Galil, K Seward, JF TI Incidence of herpes zoster, before and after varicella-vaccination-associated decreases in the incidence of varicella, 1992-2002 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 43rd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 14-17, 2003 CL CHICAGO, IL ID VIRUS-INFECTIONS; GENERAL-PRACTICE; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHICKENPOX; CHILDREN; PROTECTION; EXPOSURE; DATABASE; ADULTS AB Background. Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella and, later in the life of the host, may reactivate to cause herpes zoster (HZ). Because it is hypothesized that exposure to varicella may boost immunity to latent VZV, the vaccination-associated decrease in varicella disease has led some to suggest that the incidence of HZ might increase. We assessed the impact that varicella vaccination has on the incidence of varicella and of HZ. Methods. Codes for cases of varicella and of HZ in an HMO were determined in automated databases of inpatients and outpatients, on the basis of the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. We calculated the incidence, during 1992 - 2002, of varicella and of HZ. Results. The incidence of HZ remained stable as the incidence of varicella decreased. Age-adjusted and - specific annual incidence rates of varicella decreased steadily, starting with 1999. The age-adjusted rates decreased from 2.63 cases/1000 person-years during 1995 to 0.92 cases/1000 person- years during 2002; among children 1 - 4 years old, there was a 75% decrease between 1992 - 1996 and 2002. Age-adjusted and - specific annual incidence rates of HZ fluctuated slightly over time; the age-adjusted rate was highest, at 4.05 cases/1000 person-years, in 1992, and was 3.71 cases/ 1000 person- years in 2002. Conclusions. Our findings revealed that the vaccination-associated decrease in varicella disease did not result in an increase in the incidence of HZ. These early findings will have to be confirmed as the incidence of varicella disease continues to decrease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA USA. Cubist Pharmaceut, Lexington, MA USA. RP Jumaan, AO (reprint author), Century Ctr, ATSDR, CDC, 2400 Century Pkwy,Rm 3202, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. EM ajumaan@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR6/CCU017728] NR 33 TC 149 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 12 BP 2002 EP 2007 DI 10.1086/430325 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 927OT UT WOS:000229203900002 PM 15897984 ER PT J AU Heffernan, RT Barrett, NL Gallagher, KM Hadler, JL Harrison, LH Reingold, AL Khoshnood, K Holford, TR Schuchat, A AF Heffernan, RT Barrett, NL Gallagher, KM Hadler, JL Harrison, LH Reingold, AL Khoshnood, K Holford, TR Schuchat, A TI Declining incidence of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among persons with AIDS in an era of highly active antiretroviral therapy, 1995-2000 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA; HIV-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; NEW-YORK; ADULTS; BACTEREMIA AB Background. Our goal was to describe trends in invasive pneumococcal disease incidence among persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Methods. We used time-trend analysis of annual invasive pneumococcal disease incidence rates from a population-based, active surveillance system. Annual incidence rates were calculated for 5 July-June periods by use of data from San Francisco county, the 6- county Baltimore metropolitan area, and Connecticut. The numerators were the numbers of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections among persons 18 - 64 years of age with AIDS; the denominators were the numbers of persons living with AIDS, estimated on the basis of AIDS surveillance data. Results. The annual incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease declined from 1094 cases/100,000 persons with AIDS ( July 1995 - June 1996) to 467 cases/100,000 persons living with AIDS ( July 1999 - June 2000). The annual percentage changes in incidence were - 34%, - 29%, - 8%, and - 1%. Declines were similar by surveillance area, sex, and race/ethnicity. During the final year of the study, the invasive pneumococcal disease incidence in persons with AIDS was half that of the pre-HAART era but was still 35 times higher than that in similarly aged non -HIV-infected adults. Conclusions. In the United States, invasive pneumococcal disease incidence declined sharply across a range of subgroups living with AIDS during the period after widespread introduction of HAART. Despite these gains, persons with AIDS remain at high risk for invasive pneumococcal disease. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Heffernan, RT (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Communicable Dis, 125 Worth St,Rm 318,Box 22A, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM rheffern@health.nyc.gov NR 45 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 12 BP 2038 EP 2045 DI 10.1086/430356 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 927OT UT WOS:000229203900007 PM 15897989 ER PT J AU Noji, EK AF Noji, EK TI ABC of conflict and disaster - Public health in the aftermath of disasters SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Review AB In the aftermath of disasters, public health services must address the effects of civil strife, armed conflict, population migration, economic collapse, and famine. In modern conflicts civilians are targeted deliberately, and affected populations may face severe public health consequences, even without displacement from their homes. For displaced people, damage to health, sanitation, water supplies, housing, and agriculture may lead to a rapid increase in malnutrition and communicable diseases. Fortunately, the provision of adequate clean water and sanitation, timely measles immunisation, simple treatment of dehydration from diarrhoea, supplementary feeding for the malnourished, micronutrient supplements, and the establishment of an adequate public health surveillance system greatly reduces the health risks associated with the harsh environments of refugee camps. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington, DC USA. RP Noji, EK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 11 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-8146 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 330 IS 7504 BP 1379 EP 1381 DI 10.1136/bmj.330.7504.1379 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 936FE UT WOS:000229840100031 PM 15947402 ER PT J AU Hubbs, A Greskevitch, M Kuempel, E Suarez, F Toraason, M AF Hubbs, A Greskevitch, M Kuempel, E Suarez, F Toraason, M TI Abrasive blasting agents: Designing studies to evaluate relative risk SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment CY APR 26-30, 2004 CL West Chester, OH SP Tri -Serv Toxicol, US Environm Protect Agency, Nat Ctr Environm Assessment, Agency Toxic Substances Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Nat Inst Occupational Safety Hlth ID COMPARATIVE PULMONARY TOXICITY; FERRIC-OXIDE PARTICLES; LUNG-CANCER; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; CRYSTALLINE SILICA; EXPOSURE-RESPONSE; SURFACE-AREA; LYMPH-NODES; IRON-OXIDES; INHALATION AB Workers exposed to respirable crystalline silica used in abrasive blasting are at increased risk of developing a debilitating and often fatal fibrotic lung disease called silicosis. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that silica sand be prohibited as abrasive blasting material and that less hazardous materials be used in blasting operations. However, data arc, needed on the relative risks associated with exposure to abrasive blasting materials other than silica. NIOSH has completed acute studies in rats (Hubbs et al., 2001; Porter et al., 2002). To provide dose-response data applicable to making recommendation for occupational exposure limits, NIOSH has collaborated with the National Toxicology Program (NTP) to design longer term studies with silica substitutes. For risk assessment purposes, selected doses will include concentrations that are relevant to human exposures. Rat lung burdens achieved should be comparable to those estimated in humans with working lifetime exposures, even if this results in "overloading" doses in rats. To quantify both (lose and response, retained particle burdens in the lungs and lung-associated lymph nodes will be measured, as well as biochemical and pathological indices of pulmonary response. This design will facilitate assessment of the pulmonary fibrogenic potential of inhaled abrasive blasting agents at occupationally relevant concentrations. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Hubbs, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop L2015,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM AHuhbs@cdc.gov NR 80 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 11-12 BP 999 EP 1016 DI 10.1080/15287390590912612 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 946OP UT WOS:000230582100010 PM 16020188 ER PT J AU Bartlett, LA Dalil, S Salama, P Mawji, S Whitehead, S AF Bartlett, LA Dalil, S Salama, P Mawji, S Whitehead, S TI Conceiving and dying in Afghanistan SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 UNICEF, New York, NY USA. UNICEF Bangladesh Country Off, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bartlett, LA (reprint author), UNICEF Afghanistan Country Off, Kabul, Afghanistan. EM lbartlett@unicef.org NR 3 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9476 BP 2006 EP 2006 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66692-5 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 934IB UT WOS:000229701400020 PM 15950713 ER PT J AU Rudan, I Lawn, J Cousens, S Rowe, AK Boschi-Pinto, C Tomaskovic, L Mendoza, W Lanata, CF Roca-Feltrer, A Carniero, I Schellenberg, JA Polasek, O Weber, M Bryce, J Morris, SS Black, RE Campbell, H AF Rudan, I Lawn, J Cousens, S Rowe, AK Boschi-Pinto, C Tomaskovic, L Mendoza, W Lanata, CF Roca-Feltrer, A Carniero, I Schellenberg, JA Polasek, O Weber, M Bryce, J Morris, SS Black, RE Campbell, H TI Gaps in policy-relevant information on burden of disease in children: a systematic review SO LANCET LA English DT Review ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; VERBAL AUTOPSY; HEALTH; MORTALITY; DEATH; MISCLASSIFICATION; KNOWLEDGE AB Background Valid information about cause-specific child mortality and morbidity is an essential foundation for national and international health policy. We undertook a systematic review to investigate the geographical dispersion of and time trends in publication for policy-relevant information about children's health and to assess associations between the availability of reliable data and poverty. Methods We identified data available on Jan 1, 2001, and published since 1980, for the major causes. of morbidity and mortality in young children. Studies with relevant,data were assessed against a set of inclusion criteria to identify those likely to provide unbiased estimates of the burden of childhood disease in the community. Findings Only 308 information units from more than 17 000 papers identified were regarded as possible. unbiased sources for estimates of childhood disease burden. The geographical distribution of these information units revealed a pattern of small well-researched populations surrounded by large areas with little available information. No reliable population-based data were identified from many of the world's poorest countries, which account for about a third of all deaths of children worldwide. The number of new studies diminished over the last 10 years investigated. Interpretation The number of population-based studies yielding estimates of burden of childhood disease from less developed countries was low. The decreasing trend over time suggests reductions in research investment in this sphere. Data are especially sparse from the world's least developed countries with the highest child mortality. Guidelines are needed for the conduct of burden-of-disease studies together with an international research policy that gives increased emphasis to global equity and coverage so that knowledge can be generated from all regions of the world. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Med Stat Epidmeiol & Med Informat, Zagreb 41001, Croatia. Inst Child Hlth, Int Perinatal Care Unit, London, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Infect & Trop Dis, London WC1, England. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, London WC1, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Child & Adolescent Hlth Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Inst Invest Nutr La Molina, Lima, Peru. Dept Int Dev UK Govt, Europe Middle E & Amer Div, London, England. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Campbell, H (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Teviot Pl, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, Midlothian, Scotland. EM Harry.Campbell@ed.ac.uk RI Polasek, Ozren/B-6002-2011; Rudan, Igor/I-1467-2012; OI Polasek, Ozren/0000-0002-5765-1862; Rudan, Igor/0000-0001-6993-6884; Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 NR 25 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 4 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9476 BP 2031 EP 2040 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66697-4 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 934IB UT WOS:000229701400025 PM 15950717 ER PT J AU Turner, JW Pien, BC Ardoin, SA Anderson, AM Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Bhatnagar, J Guarner, J Howell, DN Woods, CW AF Turner, JW Pien, BC Ardoin, SA Anderson, AM Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Bhatnagar, J Guarner, J Howell, DN Woods, CW TI A man with chest pain and glomerulonephritis SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANCA C1 Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Woods, CW (reprint author), Durham Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. EM woods004@mc.duke.edu RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9476 BP 2062 EP 2062 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66701-3 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 934IB UT WOS:000229701400029 PM 15950721 ER PT J AU Liechty, CA Solberg, P Mwima, G Were, W Weidle, PJ Mermin, J AF Liechty, CA Solberg, P Mwima, G Were, W Weidle, PJ Mermin, J TI Nevirapine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome in a mother and son SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; ZIDOVUDINE; INTRAPARTUM C1 Uganda Virus Res Inst, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Posit Hlth Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Liechty, CA (reprint author), Uganda Virus Res Inst, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda. RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 9 BP 993 EP 994 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000171419.29905.93 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 943QA UT WOS:000230367700022 PM 15905686 ER PT J AU Granich, RM Oh, P Lewis, B Porco, TC Flood, J AF Granich, RM Oh, P Lewis, B Porco, TC Flood, J TI Multidrug resistance among persons with tuberculosis in California, 1994-2003 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; OUTCOMES AB Context Between 1994 and 2003, tuberculosis (TB) cases in California declined 33% (4834 to 3224). However, in 2003 California reported the largest number of cases in the nation, and over the past decade the proportion of cases with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) has not decreased. Objective To describe the magnitude, trends, geographic distribution, clinical characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of MDR-TB cases reported to the California registry of Reports of Verified Cases of TB. Design, Setting, and Cases Analysis of 38 291 TB cases reported from all 61 local health jurisdictions in California during 1994-2003. Multidrug-resistant TB was defined as resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin. Main Outcome Measures Results of univariate and multivariable analyses of MDR-TB magnitude, trends, geographic distribution, clinical characteristics, associated factors, and outcomes. Results Of 38 291 reported TB cases, 28 712 (75%) were tested for resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampin; of these, 407 MDR-TB cases (1.4%) were reported from 38 of 61 California health jurisdictions (62%); the proportion of MDR-TB cases did not significantly change over the study period (P=.87). Cases of MDR-TB were twice as likely to have cavitary lesions compared with non-MDR-TB cases (P<.001) and were 7 times more likely to have reported previous treatment for TB (P<.001). Of MDR-TB cases with outcomes, 231 (67%) completed therapy, and those with MDR-TB were significantly less likely to complete therapy than those without MDR-TB (P<.001). Multivariate analysis identified previous TB diagnosis, positive acid-fast bacilli sputum smear results, Asian/Pacific Islander ethnicity, time in the United States less than 5 years at the time of diagnosis, and outcomes of "died" and "moved" as factors associated with MDR-TB. Conclusions Multidrug-resistant TB, an airborne disease with limited, costly treatment options, persists in 1% to 2 % of all cases despite California's control efforts. Local and global TB control efforts are needed to prevent the further development and spread of MDR-TB. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, TB Control Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. RP Granich, RM (reprint author), Off US Global AIDS Coordinator, 2100 Penn Ave NW, Washington, DC 20522 USA. EM granichrm@state.gov NR 30 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 22 BP 2732 EP 2739 DI 10.1001/jama.293.22.2732 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 933OV UT WOS:000229643700021 PM 15941802 ER PT J AU Pai, M Gokhale, K Joshi, R Dogra, S Kalantri, S Mendiratta, DK Narang, P Daley, CL Granich, RM Mazurek, GH Reingold, AL Riley, LW Colford, JM AF Pai, M Gokhale, K Joshi, R Dogra, S Kalantri, S Mendiratta, DK Narang, P Daley, CL Granich, RM Mazurek, GH Reingold, AL Riley, LW Colford, JM TI Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in health care workers in rural India - Comparison of a whole-blood interferon gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 101st International Conference of the American-Thoracic-Society CY MAY 20-25, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Thorac Soc, Fogarty AIDS Int Training & Res Program ID ANNUAL RISK; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; ESAT-6; REACTIVITY; RESPONSES; EXPOSURE; ANTIGENS AB Context Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in health care workers has not been adequately studied in developing countries using newer diagnostic tests. Objectives To estimate latent tuberculosis infection prevalence in healthcare workers using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and a whole-blood interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) assay; to determine agreement between the tests; and to compare their correlation with risk factors. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional comparison study of 726 health care workers aged 18 to 61 years (median age, 22 years) with no history of active tuberculosis conducted from January to May 2004, at a rural medical school in India. A total of 493 (68%) of the health care workers had direct contact with patients with tuberculosis and 514 (71%) had BCG vaccine scars. Interventions Tuberculin skin testing was performed using 1-TU dose of purified protein derivative RT23, and the IFN-gamma assay was performed by measuring IFN-gamma response to early secreted antigenic target 6, culture filtrate protein 10, and a portion of tuberculosis antigen TB7.7. Main Outcome Measures Agreement between TST and the IFN-gamma assay, and comparison of the tests with respect to their association with risk factors. Results A large proportion of the health care workers were latently infected; 360 (50%) were positive by either TST or IFN-gamma assay, and 226 (31%) were positive by both tests. The prevalence estimates of TST and IFN-gamma assay positivity were comparable (41%; 95% confidence interval[CI], 38%-45% and 40%; 95% Cl, 37%-43%, respectively). Agreement between the tests was high (81.4%; kappa=0.61; 95% Cl, 0.56-0.67). Increasing age and years in the health profession were significant risk factors for both IFN-gamma assay and TST positivity. BCG vaccination had little impact on TST and IFN-gamma assay results. Conclusions Our study showed high latent tuberculosis infection prevalence in Indian health care workers, high agreement between TST and IFN-gamma assay, and similar association between positive test results and risk factors. Although TST and IFN-gamma assay appear comparable in this population, they have different performance and operational characteristics; therefore, the decision to select one test over the other will depend on the population, purpose of testing, and resource availability. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Mahatma Gandi Inst Med Sci, Dept Med, Sevagram, India. Mahatma Gandi Inst Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Sevagram, India. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Off WHO Representat India, New Delhi, India. RP Pai, M (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM madhupai@berkeley.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [1-D43-TW00003-16] NR 45 TC 220 Z9 223 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 22 BP 2746 EP 2755 DI 10.1001/jama.293.22.2746 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 933OV UT WOS:000229643700023 PM 15941804 ER PT J AU Haddad, MB Wilson, TW Iiaz, K Marks, SM Moore, M AF Haddad, MB Wilson, TW Iiaz, K Marks, SM Moore, M TI Tuberculosis and homelessness in the United States, 1994-2003 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 132nd Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 06-10, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; URBAN HOMELESS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; SHELTER; DISEASE AB Context Tuberculosis (TB) rates among US homeless persons cannot be calculated because they are not included in the US Census. However, homelessness is often associated with TB. Objectives To describe homeless persons with TB and to compare risk factors and disease characteristics between homeless and nonhomeless persons with TB. Design and Setting Cross-sectional analysis of all verified TB cases reported into the National TB Surveillance System from the 50 states and the District of Columbia from 1994 through 2003. Main Outcome Measures Number and proportion of TB cases associated with homelessness, demographic characteristics, risk factors, disease characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. Results Of 185870 cases of TB disease reported between 1994 and 2003, 11369 were among persons classified as homeless during the 12 months before diagnosis. The annual proportion of cases associated with homelessness was stable (6.1%-6.7%). Regional differences occurred with a higher proportion of TB cases associated with homelessness in western and some southern states. Most homeless persons with TB were male (87%) and aged 30 to 59 years. Black individuals represented the highest proportion of TB cases among the homeless and nonhomeless. The proportion of homeless persons with TB who were born outside the United States (18%) was lower than that for nonhomeless persons with TB (44%). At the time of TB diagnosis, 9% of homeless persons were incarcerated, usually in a local jail; 3% of nonhomeless persons with TB were incarcerated. Compared with nonhomeless persons, homeless persons with TB had a higher prevalence of substance use (54% alcohol abuse, 29.5% noninjected drug use, and 14% injected drug use), and 34% of those tested had coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus. Compared with nonhomeless persons, TB disease in homeless persons was more likely to be infectious but not more likely to be drug resistant. Health departments managed 81 % of TB cases in homeless persons. Directly observed therapy, used for 86% of homeless patients, was associated with timely completion of therapy. A similar proportion in both groups (9%) died from any cause during therapy. Conclusions Individual TB risk factors often overlap with risk factors for homelessness, and the social contexts in which TB occurs are often complex and important to consider in planning TB treatment. Nevertheless, given good case management, homeless persons with TB can achieve excellent treatment outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Haddad, MB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Epidemiol & Outbreak Invest Branch, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM maryam.haddad@cdc.hhs.gov NR 31 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 22 BP 2762 EP 2766 DI 10.1001/jama.293.22.2762 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 933OV UT WOS:000229643700025 PM 15941806 ER PT J AU de Oliveira, AM White, KL Leschinsky, DP Beecham, BD Vogt, TM Moolenaar, RL Perz, JF Safranek, TJ AF de Oliveira, AM White, KL Leschinsky, DP Beecham, BD Vogt, TM Moolenaar, RL Perz, JF Safranek, TJ TI An outbreak of hepatitis C virus infections among outpatients at a hematology/oncology clinic SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION AB Background: Approximately 2.7 million persons in the United States have chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Health care-associated HCV transmission can occur if aseptic technique is not followed. The authors suspected a health care-associated HCV outbreak after the report of 4 HCV infections among patients at the same hematology/oncology clinic. Objective: To determine the extent and mechanism of HCV transmission among clinic patients. Design: Epidemiologic analysis through a cohort study. Setting: Hematology/oncology clinic in eastern Nebraska. Participants: Patients who visited the clinic from March 2000 through December 2001. Measurements: HCV infection status, relevant medical history, and clinic-associated exposures. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for HCV infection. Results: Of 613 clinic patients contacted, 494 (81%) underwent HCV testing. The authors documented infection in 99 patients who lacked previous evidence of HCV infection; all had begun treatment at the clinic before July 2001. Hepatitis C virus genotype 3a was present in all 95 genotyped samples and presumably originated from a patient with chronic hepatitis C who began treatment in March 2000. Infection with HCV was statistically significantly associated with receipt of saline flushes (P < 0.001). Shared saline bags were probably contaminated when syringes used to draw blood from venous catheters were reused to withdraw saline solution. The clinic corrected this procedure in July 2001. Limitation: The delay between outbreak and investigation (> 1 year) may have contributed to an underestimate of cases. Conclusions: This large health care-associated HCV outbreak was related to shared saline bags contaminated through syringe reuse. Effective infection-control programs are needed to ensure high standards of care in outpatient care facilities, such as hematology/oncology clinics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. RP de Oliveira, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acq7@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 142 IS 11 BP 898 EP 902 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 932LX UT WOS:000229556300003 PM 15941696 ER PT J AU Reid, P MacInnes, H Cong, ME Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG AF Reid, P MacInnes, H Cong, ME Heneine, W Garcia-Lerma, JG TI Natural resistance of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 to zidovudine SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-2; zidovudine; drug resistance ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; DRUG-RESISTANCE; HTLV-III; COMBINATION THERAPY; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGS; VIRAL LOAD; HIV-1; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Zidovudine (AZT) is a reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor widely used to treat persons infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2. Recent data on treated patients suggest differences in the antiviral activity of AZT between HIV-1 and HIV-2. We evaluated the antiviral activity of AZT oil HIV-2 by using multiple approaches including in vitro selection experiments, analysis of growth kinetics with AZT, and phenotypic testing. A total of 5 wild-type (WT) HIV-2 viruses were used in the analysis. For comparison, 4 control WT HIV-1 strains and one HIV-1 mutant carrying the 215S mutation were evaluated in parallel. All 5 HIV-1 isolates acquired AZT resistance mutations after 3-6 passages with AZT or a 4- to 32-fold increase in AZT concentration. Among these viruses, the fastest selection of resistance was seen in HIV-1(S215), which acquired S215Y (1-nucleotide change only) at passage 3 after only 17 days in culture. In contrast, none of the 5 HIV-2 viruses that naturally have S215 acquired S215Y/F or any other RT mutation during 10 passages with AZT (1025-fold increase in AZT concentration). In the presence of AZT + didanosine (ddI), 3 of the 5 HIV-1 isolates acquired AZT or ddI resistance mutations, while only ddI resistance mutations were seen in HIV-2 (4 of 5 isolates). All HIV-2 viruses replicated efficiently in high AZT concentrations and were about 200-fold less sensitive to AZT than HIV-1. In contrast, HIV-2 and HIV-1 were equally susceptible to ddI, a finding consistent with the selection of HIV-2 mutants with AZT + ddI. Our results demonstrate that the activity of AZT on HIV-2 is lower than previously thought, and emphasize the need for novel antiretroviral drugs specific for HIV-2. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM GGarcia-lerma@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JUN 5 PY 2005 VL 336 IS 2 BP 251 EP 264 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.03.030 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 928XH UT WOS:000229304600013 PM 15892966 ER PT J AU Vong, S Perz, JF Sok, S Som, S Goldstein, S Hutin, Y Tulloch, J AF Vong, S Perz, JF Sok, S Som, S Goldstein, S Hutin, Y Tulloch, J TI Rapid assessment of injection practices in Cambodia, 2002 SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS; INTERVENTION; TRANSMISSION AB Background: Injection overuse and unsafe injection practices facilitate transmission of bloodborne pathogens such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Anecdotal reports of unsafe and unnecessary therapeutic injections and the high prevalence of HBV (8.0%), HCV (6.5%), and HIV (2.6%) infection in Cambodia have raised concern over injection safety. To estimate the magnitude and patterns of such practices, a rapid assessment of injection practices was conducted. Methods: We surveyed a random sample of the general population in Takeo Province and convenience samples of prescribers and injection providers in Takeo Province and Phnom Penh city regarding injection-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Injection providers were observed administering injections. Data were collected using standardized methods adapted from the World Health Organization safe injection assessment guidelines. Results: Among the general population sample (n = 500), the overall injection rate was 5.9 injections per person-year, with 40% of participants reporting receipt of >= 1 injection during the previous 6 months. Therapeutic injections, intravenous infusions, and immunizations accounted for 74%, 16% and 10% of injections, respectively. The majority (> 85%) of injections were received in the private sector. All participants who recalled their last injection reported the injection was administered with a newly opened disposable syringe and needle. Prescribers ( n = 60) reported that 47% of the total prescriptions they wrote included a therapeutic injection or infusion. Among injection providers ( n = 60), 58% recapped the syringe after use and 13% did not dispose of the used needle and syringe appropriately. Over half (53%) of the providers reported a needlestick injury during the previous 12 months. Ninety percent of prescribers and injection providers were aware HBV, HCV, and HIV were transmitted through unsafe injection practices. Knowledge of HIV transmission through "dirty" syringes among the general population was also high (95%). Conclusion: Our data suggest that Cambodia has one of the world's highest rates of overall injection usage, despite general awareness of associated infection risks. Although there was little evidence of reuse of needles and syringes, support is needed for interventions to address injection overuse, healthcare worker safety and appropriate waste disposal. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. WHO, New Delhi, India. WHO, Phnom Penh Off, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. RP Vong, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM svong@pasteur-kh.org; jperz@cdc.gov; soksrun@camnet.com.kh; seiharath@hotmail.com; sgoldstein@cdc.gov; hutiny@whoindia.org; TullochJ@cam.wpro.who.int NR 25 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD JUN 2 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 56 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-5-56 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 943FZ UT WOS:000230339900001 PM 15929800 ER PT J AU Murashov, VV Demchuk, E AF Murashov, VV Demchuk, E TI A comparative study of unrelaxed surfaces on quartz and kaolinite, using the periodic density functional theory SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID INITIO MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; BRILLOUIN-ZONE INTEGRATIONS; AB-INITIO; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; ALPHA-QUARTZ; SILICA; RADICALS; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; PATHOGENICITY; DISSOLUTION AB To investigate surface properties of fractured silica particles, which are commonly connected to the etiology of silica toxicity, models of low-index unrelaxed surfaces of quartz and kaolinite were constructed and analyzed using the periodic density functional theory calculations. The models were used to investigate surface sites that emerge in the processes of heterolytic and homolytic cleavage of quartz. It is found that the quartz surface is stabilized by two types of interactions. One, due to a more even charge distribution of sites, was characterized by surface energies of up to 0.025 eV(.)angstrom(-2) and the other, due to a more even oxygen distribution between complementary surfaces, was up to 0.036 eV(.)angstrom(-2). The total specific surface energies of unrelaxed surfaces ranged from 0.161 to 0.200 eV(.)angstrom(-2) for quartz and from 0.017 to 0.158 eV(.)angstrom(-2) for kaolinite. For the conchoidal fracture of quartz an average specific surface energy of 0.187 eV(.)angstrom(-2) was obtained. These results provide a foundation for further characterization of the surface properties of mechanically comminuted respirable silica particulate and for reduction of occupational health hazards due to pulverized silica. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Effects Lab, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Murashov, VV (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Effects Lab, 200 Independence Ave,Room 733 G, Washington, DC 20201 USA. EM vmurashov@cdc.gov RI Murashov, Vladimir/K-5481-2012 NR 52 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD JUN 2 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 21 BP 10835 EP 10841 DI 10.1021/jp050113a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 930HN UT WOS:000229406600043 PM 16852318 ER PT J AU Hart, TA Wolitski, RJ Purcell, DW Parsons, JT Gomez, CA AF Hart, TA Wolitski, RJ Purcell, DW Parsons, JT Gomez, CA CA Seropositive Urban Mens Study Team TI Partner awareness of the serostatus of HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men: Impact on unprotected sexual behavior SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV; awareness; seropositive; men who have sex with men ID SELF-DISCLOSURE; POSITIVE MEN; RISK BEHAVIOR; GAY MEN; INFECTION; COMMUNICATION; PATTERNS; CONTEXT AB Prior research has provided conflicting evidence about the association between partner awareness of an HIV-seropositive person's serostatus and HIV transmission behavior via unprotected intercourse. The current study examined partner awareness of participant HIV-seropositive status and sexual behavior in a multiethnic sample of HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men. Most HIV-seropositive men reported that their primary partners are aware, and most reported that at least some non-primary partners are aware the participant was HIV-seropositive before first having sex. Partner awareness of participant HIV-serostatus was related to unprotected sexual behavior during the past 3 months in a non-linear fashion, as men with partners who were inconsistently aware had higher rates of unprotected receptive anal intercourse than men with partners who were consistently aware or consistently unaware. Men with partners who were inconsistently aware also had higher rates of insertive oral intercourse than men with partners who were consistently aware. However, there were no differences in HIV transmission risk behavior between men with partners who were consistently aware and men with partners who were consistently unaware a participant was HIV-seropositive. C1 York Univ, Dept Psychol, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CUNY, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Hart, TA (reprint author), York Univ, Dept Psychol, 4700 Keele St, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. EM Thart@yorku.ca RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008; OI Hart, Trevor/0000-0001-5107-7452; Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168; Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU913557, U62/CCU2133607, U62/CCU213605] NR 31 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 BP 155 EP 166 DI 10.1007/s10461-005-3897-8 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 932TN UT WOS:000229576400003 PM 15933835 ER PT J AU Remien, RH Halkitis, PN O'Leary, A Wolitski, RJ Gomez, CA AF Remien, RH Halkitis, PN O'Leary, A Wolitski, RJ Gomez, CA TI Risk perception and sexual risk behaviors among HIV-positive men on antiretroviral therapy SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE risk perception; sexual risk; HAART; seropositive ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; GAY MEN; PRIMARY INFECTION; VIRAL LOAD; TRANSMISSION; RESISTANT; SUPERINFECTION; TYPE-1; SEMEN AB There are reports of increased sexual risk behavior among people on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) due to beliefs about risk of HIV transmission when on HAART. In a cross-sectional study (Seropositive Urban Men's Study), we examined the relationship between risk perception and sexual risk behavior among sexually active, culturally diverse HIV positive men who have sex with men (N = 456). Less than twenty-five percent engaged in unprotected anal sex (either with an HIV negative, or unknown-status partner, or an HIV positive partner) within the past 3 months. Most men believed there was significant health risk (to partner or self) associated with unprotected sex when on HAART. There was no increased risk behavior associated with being on HAART, although the perception of negative health consequences, including HIV transmission, when on HAART was significantly lower for the relatively small subset of men who reported unprotected sex. Prevention strategies need to be tailored to address risk perception associated with HAART. C1 New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, Unit 15, New York, NY 10036 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Remien, RH (reprint author), New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, Unit 15, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10036 USA. EM rhr1@columbia.edu RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH043520, P50-MH43520]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU213605, U62/CCU213607, U62/CCU913557] NR 33 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 BP 167 EP 176 DI 10.1007/s10461-005-3898-7 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 932TN UT WOS:000229576400004 PM 15933836 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RA Carey, JW AF Jenkins, RA Carey, JW TI Decision making for HIV prevention planning: Organizational considerations and influencing factors SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2003 US Conference on AIDS CY 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE community planning; HIV prevention; policy ID INTERVENTIONS; JUDGMENT; PROGRAMS; STRATEGY AB The purpose of this CDC-funded project was to better understand how behavioral data were used in HIV prevention community planning, and use this knowledge to develop and evaluate tools for increasing the use of data in HIV prevention planning. HIV prevention community planning represents one of many efforts, in a variety of health and human service areas, to formulate plans and policies that are evidence-based and reflective of community input. The attention to evidence-based planning and the incorporation of community input both reflect desires for transparency and accountability in the planning and provision of services to address public needs. HIV prevention community planning represents just one example of the efforts to put these principles into action. Despite the history of other planning mechanisms which have tried to integrate grassroots input with research evidence, there are surprisingly few legacies in the literature from these efforts. Indeed, the published literature on these planning programs is very limited. While there is a huge research literature on judgment and decision making, there has been relatively little effort to integrate this with community-oriented planning efforts. This project represents a first step in this direction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rgj2@cdc.gov NR 63 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 SU S BP S1 EP S8 DI 10.1007/s10461-005-3941-8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 933GN UT WOS:000229617000001 PM 15933825 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RA Averbach, AR Robbins, A Cranston, K Amaro, H Morrill, AC Blake, SM Logan, JA Batchelor, K Freeman, AC Carey, JW AF Jenkins, RA Averbach, AR Robbins, A Cranston, K Amaro, H Morrill, AC Blake, SM Logan, JA Batchelor, K Freeman, AC Carey, JW TI Improving the use of data for HIV prevention decision making: Lessons learned SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2003 US Conference on AIDS CY 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE policy; community planning; data use; technical assistance ID STRATEGY; HEALTH AB HIV prevention community planning was developed to promote identification of local prevention priorities through a process that was evidence-based and provided community input. There are a variety of barriers to effective use of data in community planning which include characteristics of data (availability, timeliness, relevance to planning tasks), characteristics of planning group members and providers of data (e.g., skills in understanding and applying data), and social-organizational aspects of community-planning groups (CPGs). Lessons learned from this project illustrate how to create locally relevant sources of data, build data use skills of CPG members and data providers, and address social-organizational aspects of planning, while also better integrating community planning with implementation of prevention plans. Adaptation of tools and methods is discussed along with future considerations for research and planning practice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 CLifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rgj2@cdc.gov RI Amaro, Hortensia/G-8083-2011; OI Amaro, Hortensia/0000-0002-6366-7756 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 SU S BP S87 EP S99 DI 10.1007/s10461-005-3947-8 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 933GN UT WOS:000229617000007 PM 15933830 ER PT J AU Jenkins, RA Robbins, A Cranston, K Batchelor, K Freeman, AC Averbach, AR Amaro, H Morrill, AC Blake, SM Logan, JA Carey, JW AF Jenkins, RA Robbins, A Cranston, K Batchelor, K Freeman, AC Averbach, AR Amaro, H Morrill, AC Blake, SM Logan, JA Carey, JW TI Bridging data and decision making: Development of techniques for improving the HIV prevention community planning process SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2003 US Conference on AIDS CY 2003 CL Atlanta, GA DE community planning; prevention; policy; ntervention AB Assessments of community planning in Massachusetts and Texas were used to develop tools for increasing the use of data by HIV prevention community planning groups (CPGs) and prevention providers while also increasing participation of CPG members. Barriers to data use included organizational problems in CPGs (e.g., lack of clear procedures, distrust of peers and leadership) and technical assistance needs for CPG members and researchers who provide data. The absence of data relevant to local epidemics was another barrier. Specific linkages are provided between the assessments of these needs and the development of a technical assistance tools (e.g., websites, templates for data presentation, experiential involvement in data use) and strategies for organizational change in CPGs, as well as efforts to better use available data and create or identify new sources of local data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Northeastern Univ, Boston, MA 02115 USA. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC USA. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rgj2@cdc.gov RI Amaro, Hortensia/G-8083-2011; OI Amaro, Hortensia/0000-0002-6366-7756 NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 SU S BP S41 EP S53 DI 10.1007/s10461-005-3944-5 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 933GN UT WOS:000229617000004 PM 15933827 ER PT J AU Nesheim, S Parekh, B Sullivan, K Bulterys, M Dobbs, T Lindsay, M Cashat-Cruz, M Byers, B Lee, F AF Nesheim, S Parekh, B Sullivan, K Bulterys, M Dobbs, T Lindsay, M Cashat-Cruz, M Byers, B Lee, F TI Temporal trends in HIV type 1 incidence among inner-city childbearing women in Atlanta: Use of the IgG-capture BED-enzyme immunoassay SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; TESTING STRATEGY; RISK-FACTORS; AIDS; SEROCONVERSION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB Recently, we developed an immunoglobulin G (IgG)-capture BED-enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) to identify recent HIV-1 infections. We estimated HIV-1 incidence among inner-city pregnant women in Atlanta, Georgia (1991-1998) using this assay. The annual cumulative incidence was estimated at 2.4/1000 (95% CI = 2.0-2.9). Incidence declined from 3.1/1000 in 1991-1994 to 1.4/1000 in 1995-1998 (risk ratio = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.5-3.4). Women with recent HIV-1 infection more often reported a previous negative antibody test (p = 0.018) and sexual relations with men other than the father during the past year (p = 0.046). Fewer seroconverters in 1995-1998 used crack cocaine than in the earlier time period. A high but declining HIV-1 incidence was found among inner-city pregnant women in Atlanta. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Nesheim, S (reprint author), Ponce Leon Ctr, Grady Hlth Syst, Pediat Emory Infect Dis Program, 341 Ponce Leon Ave, Atlanta, GA 30308 USA. EM steve_nesheim@oz.ped.emory.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64CCU404456-13] NR 24 TC 21 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 537 EP 544 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.537 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 946CU UT WOS:000230550500003 PM 15989458 ER PT J AU Ahmed, F Goodman, M Kosary, C Ruiz, B Wu, XC Chen, V Correa, C AF Ahmed, F Goodman, M Kosary, C Ruiz, B Wu, XC Chen, V Correa, C TI Extracolonic primary cancers in colorectal carcinoma patients: Results using 1975-2001 SEER data. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S12 EP S12 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100047 ER PT J AU Ajani, UA Ford, ES McGuire, LC AF Ajani, UA Ford, ES McGuire, LC TI Life style and emerging risk factors and 10 year risk for coronary heart disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S23 EP S23 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100090 ER PT J AU Balluz, L Ookoro, C Bowman, B Serdula, M Mokdad, A AF Balluz, L Ookoro, C Bowman, B Serdula, M Mokdad, A TI Vitamin or supplement use among adults, BRFSS, 13 states, 2001. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S87 EP S87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100345 ER PT J AU Bardenheier, B Wortley, P Winston, C Washington, ML Lindley, M AF Bardenheier, B Wortley, P Winston, C Washington, ML Lindley, M TI Using cluster analysis to examine patterns of knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to influenza immunization among older adults: Results of the racial and ethnic adult disparities in immunization initiative (Readii) survey, 2004. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100014 ER PT J AU Besser, LM Correa, A Alverson, CJ AF Besser, LM Correa, A Alverson, CJ TI Prevalence of spina bifida among children and adolescents, metropolitan Atlanta, 1979-2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S112 EP S112 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100445 ER PT J AU Biernath, K Reefhuis, J Whitney, CG Mann, EA Costa, P Boyle, C AF Biernath, K Reefhuis, J Whitney, CG Mann, EA Costa, P Boyle, C TI Bacterial meningitis in children with cochlear implants after twenty-four months post-implantation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S152 EP S152 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100603 ER PT J AU Charles, LE Burchfiel, CM Fekedulegn, D Kashon, ML Ross, GW Sanderson, WT Petrovitch, H AF Charles, LE Burchfiel, CM Fekedulegn, D Kashon, ML Ross, GW Sanderson, WT Petrovitch, H TI Occupational exposures and hand grip strength: The Honolulu-Asia aging study (HAAS). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S82 EP S82 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100324 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Thompson, T AF Coughlin, SS Thompson, T TI Physician recommendation for colorectal cancer screening among men and women in the United States, 2000. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, Div Canc Prev Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S59 EP S59 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100235 ER PT J AU Dai, S Keenan, NL Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Labarthe, DR AF Dai, S Keenan, NL Croft, JB Greenlund, KJ Labarthe, DR TI Racial/ethnic disparities in premature death from the leading causes of death in the United States, 2000. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S9 EP S9 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100035 ER PT J AU Davis, LB Hayes, E O'Leary, D Smith, T Marfin, A Hinckley, A Collins, P Kniss, K Campbell, G AF Davis, LB Hayes, E O'Leary, D Smith, T Marfin, A Hinckley, A Collins, P Kniss, K Campbell, G TI Age and gender as risk factors for West Nile virus neuroinvasive disease in children in the United States, 1999-2004. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S113 EP S113 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100446 ER PT J AU Dawson, T Macaluso, M Warner, DL AF Dawson, T Macaluso, M Warner, DL TI A case-crossover analysis of sexual behavior and bacterial vaginosis among women at high risk of sexually transmitted diseases. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S144 EP S144 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100573 ER PT J AU Dong, M Anda, R Felitti, V Giles, W AF Dong, M Anda, R Felitti, V Giles, W TI The relationship of childhood abuse, neglect and household dysfunction to premature death of family members: Findings from the adverse childhood experiences study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S110 EP S110 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100436 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Ajani, UA Mokdad, AH AF Ford, ES Ajani, UA Mokdad, AH TI The prevalence of high intake of vitamin E from the use of supplements among US adults. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S79 EP S79 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100313 ER PT J AU Hall, IJ Johnson-Turbes, CA Sanders-McMurtry, K Wilson, K AF Hall, IJ Johnson-Turbes, CA Sanders-McMurtry, K Wilson, K TI Exploring breast cancer screening behavior and viable media outlets to reach low-income black women aged 40-64 years SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S45 EP S45 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100177 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS AF Kahn, HS TI The lipid accumulation product is better than body mass index for identifying diabetes. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S51 EP S51 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100204 ER PT J AU Kanjilal, S Cheng, YJ Gregg, EW AF Kanjilal, S Cheng, YJ Gregg, EW TI Have income and education related disparities in cardiovascular disease risk factors improved in the United States? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S50 EP S50 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100200 ER PT J AU Korenda, L Parker, J AF Korenda, L Parker, J TI Does parity contribute to the racial disparity in obesity among US women? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S143 EP S143 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100568 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Gallagher, KM MacKellar, D Abdul-Quader, AS DiNnenno, E Sullivan, PS AF Lansky, A Gallagher, KM MacKellar, D Abdul-Quader, AS DiNnenno, E Sullivan, PS TI Sampling methods for HIV behavioral surveillance: Reaching populations at high risk SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S42 EP S42 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100167 ER PT J AU Lee, KK Carlson, S Pratt, M Kohl, H AF Lee, KK Carlson, S Pratt, M Kohl, H TI Prevalence of meeting physical activity recommendations as a predictor of state obesity prevalence - United States, 2003. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100020 ER PT J AU Lehman, EJ Gomaa, A Huy, J AF Lehman, EJ Gomaa, A Huy, J TI Reducing risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens among healthcare workers employed in correctional facilities. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S82 EP S82 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100326 ER PT J AU Lindley, M Wortley, P Schwartz, B AF Lindley, M Wortley, P Schwartz, B TI Program characteristics related to vaccine uptake by healthcare workers during the national smallpox pre-event vaccination program. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S90 EP S90 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100356 ER PT J AU Moriarty, DG Zahran, HS AF Moriarty, DG Zahran, HS TI Frequent mental distress (FMD) among US adults-1993-2003. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S123 EP S123 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100488 ER PT J AU Murphy, L Jordan, J Schwartz, T Helmick, C AF Murphy, L Jordan, J Schwartz, T Helmick, C TI The lifetime risk of symptomatic knee OA is one in two. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Schwartz, Todd/D-4995-2012 OI Schwartz, Todd/0000-0002-0232-2543 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S3 EP S3 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100012 ER PT J AU Nelson, ZC AF Nelson, ZC TI Prevalence and predictors of breast and cervical cancer screening: Results from the 2003 National Health Interview Survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S45 EP S45 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100179 ER PT J AU Niskar, AS Patterson, D Kieszak, S Turner, W Rubin, C Needham, L Bradley, C Hasty, L Marcus, M AF Niskar, AS Patterson, D Kieszak, S Turner, W Rubin, C Needham, L Bradley, C Hasty, L Marcus, M TI Serum dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls and endometriosis: A case-control study in a North Georgia clinic SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S30 EP S30 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100118 ER PT J AU Ochner, M Salvail, F Ford, E Jiles, R AF Ochner, M Salvail, F Ford, E Jiles, R TI Overweight/obesity and self-reported general health: Are polynesians at higher risk in Hawaii? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S6 EP S6 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100024 ER PT J AU Park, R Stayner, L AF Park, R Stayner, L TI Search for thresholds and other nonlinearities in the hexavalent chromium - Lung cancer exposure response. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S87 EP S87 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100344 ER PT J AU Raleigh, KG Lawrence, JM Chen, H Devine, O Prue, C AF Raleigh, KG Lawrence, JM Chen, H Devine, O Prue, C TI Pregnancy planning and lifestyle behaviors among nonpregnant women of childbearing age - Southern California, 1998-2000. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S142 EP S142 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100564 ER PT J AU Reefhuis, J Honein, M Schieve, L Correa, A Hobbs, C Rasmussen, S AF Reefhuis, J Honein, M Schieve, L Correa, A Hobbs, C Rasmussen, S CA Natl Birth Defects Prevent Study TI Assisted reproductive techniques and selected major birth defects. Data from the NBDPS, 1997-2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S49 EP S49 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100195 ER PT J AU Sergienko, E Cox, P Hofmann, J Patrick, D AF Sergienko, E Cox, P Hofmann, J Patrick, D TI Cross border epidemiology: When pandemic influenza comes to the northwest, 2004-2005. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, Washington State Dept Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S150 EP S150 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100595 ER PT J AU Sharma, A Li, R Cogswell, M Grummer-Strawn, L AF Sharma, A Li, R Cogswell, M Grummer-Strawn, L TI Maternal smoking is associated with increased odds of childhood overweight SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S40 EP S40 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100160 ER PT J AU Sharp, DS Ben-Shlomo, Y Beswick, AD Andrew, ME Elwood, PC AF Sharp, DS Ben-Shlomo, Y Beswick, AD Andrew, ME Elwood, PC TI Evidence for allostasis: How decreased platelet sensitivity predicts increased stroke risk. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S23 EP S23 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100091 ER PT J AU Tsai, J Floyd, RL AF Tsai, J Floyd, RL TI Alcohol consumption among women who are pregnant and those who might become pregnant-United States, 2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S4 EP S4 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100015 ER PT J AU Weiss, E Galuska, D Kettel-Khan, L Gillespie, C Serdula, M AF Weiss, E Galuska, D Kettel-Khan, L Gillespie, C Serdula, M TI Weight regain in persons successful at substantial weight loss, 1999-2002. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S77 EP S77 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100305 ER PT J AU Whelan, EA Lawson, CC Hibert, E Grajewski, B Spiegelman, D Rich-Edwards, J AF Whelan, EA Lawson, CC Hibert, E Grajewski, B Spiegelman, D Rich-Edwards, J TI Shift work and risk of spontaneous abortion in nurses. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S127 EP S127 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100504 ER PT J AU Whitehead, NS Johnson, C Callaghan, W Williams, L AF Whitehead, NS Johnson, C Callaghan, W Williams, L TI Socioeconomic disparities in the prevalence of preterm contractions. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S116 EP S116 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100459 ER PT J AU Whiteman, M Marchbanks, P AF Whiteman, M Marchbanks, P TI Endometrial cancer and childbirth at older ages. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S56 EP S56 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100224 ER PT J AU Williamson, D Poole, C AF Williamson, D Poole, C TI Assessing estimates of effect using a meta-analysis of published summary estimates and a pooled analysis of individual study data. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S72 EP S72 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100284 ER PT J AU Yang, Q Greenland, S Flanders, WD AF Yang, Q Greenland, S Flanders, WD TI Separating the impact of changes in maternal age-parity distribution and age-parity-specific rates on trends in low birth weight rates in the united states, 1980-2000. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S129 EP S129 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100512 ER PT J AU Yuskiv, N Honein, MA Moore, CA AF Yuskiv, N Honein, MA Moore, CA TI Reported multivitamin consumption and multiple congenital anomalies. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Joint Meeting of the Society-for-Epidemiologic-Research/Canadian-Society-for-Epidemiology-and -Biostatistics CY JUN 27-30, 2005 CL Toronto, CANADA SP Soc Epidemiol Res, Canadian Soc Epidemiol & Biostat C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 11 SU S BP S115 EP S115 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932ZS UT WOS:000229594100457 ER PT J AU Batalis, NI Galup, L Zaki, SR Prahlow, JA AF Batalis, NI Galup, L Zaki, SR Prahlow, JA TI West Nile virus encephalitis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the National-Association-of-Medical-Examiners CY SEP, 2003 CL San Jose, CA SP Natl Assoc Med Examiners DE forensic pathology; death; West Nile virus; encephalitis; autopsy ID NORTH-AMERICA; NEW-YORK; INFECTION; PATHOLOGY AB West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that has caused a large number of deaths in the United States since the first outbreak in New York City in 1998. The outbreak initially was limited to the northeast but has since spread across the entire continental United States. WNV causes a variety of clinical symptoms, but the most severe consequences result from central nervous system infection, resulting in meningitis, encephalitis, or meningo-encephalitis. We present a case of a 62-year-old male with metastatic cancer, who died as a result of WNV encephalitis. This is followed by a discussion on the epidemiology of WNV and a detailed summary of the methods and resources available to make a diagnosis of WNV infection postmortem. The material presented in the discussion should provide the forensic pathologist with all the information necessary to make a diagnosis of WNV infection postmortem. If nothing else., the routine collection and storage of serum, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue for every case can enable the forensic pathologist to make this diagnosis even in cases in which WNV is not suspected until after autopsy. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Childrens Hosp, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. S Bend Med Fdn, South Bend, IN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, S Bend Ctr Med Educ, South Bend, IN 46615 USA. RP Batalis, NI (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Childrens Hosp, Suite 309,165 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29407 USA. EM batalini@musc.edu NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1097/01.paf.0000163826.56278.da PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 931MM UT WOS:000229489400020 PM 15894859 ER PT J AU Tapp, LC Baron, S Bernard, B Driscoll, R Mueller, C Wallingford, K AF Tapp, LC Baron, S Bernard, B Driscoll, R Mueller, C Wallingford, K TI Physical and mental health symptoms among NYC transit workers seven and one-half months after the WTC attacks SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE transit workers; terrorist attacks; depression; PTSD; respiratory; mucous membrane ID NEW-YORK-CITY; TERRORIST ATTACKS; PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS; SEPTEMBER 11; POPULATIONS; MANHATTAN; DISORDER; SITE AB Background On September 11, 2001, 600-800 New York City transit (NYCT) workers were working near the World Trade Center (WTC) Towers. After the disaster employees reported physical and mental health symptoms related to the event. Methods Two hundred sixty-nine NYC transit employees were surveyed for mental and physical health symptoms 7 1/2 months after the WTC disaster Results Workers in the dust cloud at the time of the WTC collapse had significantly higher risk of persistent lower respiratory (OR = 9.85; 95% CI: 2.24, 58.93) and mucous membrane (OR = 4.91; 95% CI: 1.53, 16.22) symptoms, depressive symptoms (OR = 2.48; 95% CI: 1.12, 5.51), and PTSD symptoms (OR = 2.91; 95% CI: 1.003, 8.16) compared to those not exposed to the dust cloud. Additional WTC exposures and potential confounders were also analyzed. Conclusions Clinical follow up for physical and psychological health conditions should be provided for public transportation workers in the event of a catastrophic event. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Nalt Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Tapp, LC (reprint author), Nalt Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM let7@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 6 BP 475 EP 483 DI 10.1002/aijm.20177 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 931BE UT WOS:000229460000002 PM 15898096 ER PT J AU Bang, KM Hnizdo, E Doney, B AF Bang, KM Hnizdo, E Doney, B TI Prevalence of asthma by industry in the US population: A study of 2001 NHIS data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE asthma; prevalence; respiratory diseases; industry ID WORK-RELATED ASTHMA; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; PLATINUM REFINERY; SMOKING; RISK; REACTIVITY; EXPOSURE; DISEASE; SAMPLE AB Background The estimated number of US workers potentially exposed to asthmagens ranges from 8 to 20 million. This study was undertaken to estimate the US prevalence of asthma in adults by industry of employment and to identify industries with elevated risk of asthma. Methods Prevalence analysis was performed on 20,991 adults, 18 years of age and older who participated in the 2001 National Health Interview survey. We used SUDAAN software to estimate the prevalence of self-reported physician diagnosed asthma by industry, and odds ratios (ORs) for asthma and industry adjusted for age, sex, race, and smoking status. Results The overall prevalence of physician diagnosed asthma was 6.5% (95% CI 6.1-6.9); 4.7% (95% CI 4.1-5.3)for males and 8.5% (95% CI 7.9-9.1) for females. In whites, the prevalence and ORs were significantly elevated for printing, publishing, and allied industries (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-5.0) and health care (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.0-1.7). In blacks, ORs were elevated for furniture, lumber, and wood (OR = 5.9, 95% CI 1.4-25.4) and entertainment and recreation industries (OR = 4.1, 95% CI 1.1-15.9). Other industries with elevated ORs included automobile dealers and gasoline station; durable goods; elementary, secondary schools, and colleges; other personal services; eating and drinking places; entertainment and recreation services; and utility and sanitary. Conclusions Industries with elevated prevalence of asthma are identified. This information helps to target workplaces where detailed investigations for prevention and control may be appropriate. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bang, KM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM KMB2@CDC.GOV NR 54 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 6 BP 500 EP 508 DI 10.1002/aijm.20170 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 931BE UT WOS:000229460000005 PM 15898089 ER PT J AU Tuboku-Metzger, J Chiarello, L Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Casano-Dickerson, A Cardo, D AF Tuboku-Metzger, J Chiarello, L Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Casano-Dickerson, A Cardo, D TI Public attitudes and opinions toward physicians and dentists infected with bloodborne viruses: Results of a national survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS; HIV; TRANSMISSION; POLICY AB Background: There has been no recent assessment of public attitudes and opinions concerning risk of bloodborne virus transmission during health care. Methods: Seven items in the 2000 annual Healthstyles survey were used to assess current attitudes and opinions about health care providers infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the risk of bloodborne virus transmission during health care in a sample of approximately 3000 US households. Results: Of the 2353 respondents, 89% agreed that they want to know whether their doctor or dentist is infected with HIV; 82% agreed that disclosure of HBV or HCV infection in a provider should be mandatory. However, 47% did not believe that HIV-infected doctors were more likely to infect patients than doctors infected with HBV or HCV Opinions were divided on whether HIV-infected providers should be able to care for patients as long as they use good infection control: only 38% thought that infected providers should be allowed to provide patient care. Conclusions: These findings suggest that improved public education and risk communication on health care-associated bloodborne infections is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tuboku-Metzger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JUT8@CDC.GOV NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD JUN PY 2005 VL 33 IS 5 BP 299 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.02.002 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 936JW UT WOS:000229852300008 PM 15947747 ER PT J AU Kirk, JK Bell, RA Bertoni, AG Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Goff, DC Narayan, KMV AF Kirk, JK Bell, RA Bertoni, AG Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Goff, DC Narayan, KMV TI A qualitative review of studies of diabetes preventive care among minority patients, in the United States, 1993-2003 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICANS; MANAGED-CARE; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; IMPROVEMENT PROJECT; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; OF-CARE; HEALTH; POPULATION; PHYSICIAN AB Objective: To review existing data to determine whether ethnic disparities exist for diabetes-related preventive care among adults in the United States. Study Design: Literature review. Methods: We identified diabetes-related studies published between 1993 and 2003, using a reproducible search strategy. Studies were selected for review if there were-ethnic comparisons or if data on a specific ethnic minority were reported. From these studies, we extracted data on commonly accepted diabetes-related preventive-care measures (testing for glycemia, eye examinations, foot examinations, lipid profile, influenza vaccination, nephropathy assessment, smoking-cessation counseling). The sources were US healthcare facilities, national survey samples, Veterans Affairs facilities, Medicare databases, and managed care data. Results: Thirty-six studies met our search criteria. Data were extracted on glycemia testing (15 studies), eye examination rates (27 studies), foot examination rates (18 studies), lipid-profile assessment (15 studies), percentage of patients receiving influenza vaccinations (8 studies), nephropathy assessment (7 studies), and counseling referrals for smoking cessation (4 studies). The majority of the data indicated that-the rates of diabetes monitoring are generally low regardless of the population being studied. The major ethnic differences reported were lower rates of eye examination, influenza vaccination, and lipid-profile testing among Hispanics and African Americans than among non-Hispanic whites. Conclusions: Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines, rates of diabetes preventive care are low, particularly for some measures An ethnic minority groups. Additional data are needed to further elucidate these disparities. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kirk, JK (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. EM jkirk@wfubmc.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 53 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 349 EP 360 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 936HB UT WOS:000229845000001 PM 15974554 ER PT J AU Anderson, LM Brownson, RC Fullilove, MT Teutsch, SM Novick, LF Fielding, J Land, GH AF Anderson, LM Brownson, RC Fullilove, MT Teutsch, SM Novick, LF Fielding, J Land, GH TI Evidence-based public health policy and practice: Promises and limits SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; INTERVENTIONS; REVIEWS; CARE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Commun, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. Columbia Univ, New York State Psychiat Inst, New York, NY 10027 USA. Merck & Co Inc, W Point, PA USA. Onondaga Cty Hlth Dept, Syracuse, NY USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cty Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Ctr Hlth Informat Management & Epidemiol, Jefferson City, MO USA. RP Anderson, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, DOH Epidemiol, 101 Israel Rd SE,M-S 47812, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. EM LAA1@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 SU S BP 226 EP 230 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.014 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 929XL UT WOS:000229379800002 PM 15894157 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DP AF Hopkins, DP TI Recommendations to improve targeted vaccination coverage among high-risk adults - Task force on community preventive services SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS-B; INFLUENZA EPIDEMICS; OPPORTUNITIES; PNEUMONIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Hopkins, DP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-95, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM DHopkins@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 SU S BP 231 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.011 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 929XL UT WOS:000229379800003 ER PT J AU Ndiaye, SM Hopkins, DP Smith, SJ Hinman, AR Briss, PA AF Ndiaye, SM Hopkins, DP Smith, SJ Hinman, AR Briss, PA TI Methods for conducting systematic reviews of targeted vaccination strategies for The guide to community preventive services SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; HIGH-RISK PATIENTS; INFLUENZA IMMUNIZATION; PROGRAM; REMINDERS; INTERVENTION; PERFORMANCE; SUCCESS; ADULTS; TRIAL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hopkins, DP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-95, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM DHopkins@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 SU S BP 238 EP 247 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.012 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 929XL UT WOS:000229379800004 PM 15894159 ER PT J AU Ndiaye, SM Hopkins, DP Shefer, AM Hinman, AR Briss, PA Rodewald, L Willis, B AF Ndiaye, SM Hopkins, DP Shefer, AM Hinman, AR Briss, PA Rodewald, L Willis, B TI Interventions to improve influenza, pneumococcal polysaccharide, and hepatitis B vaccination coverage among high-risk adults - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; UNITED-STATES; COMPUTER REMINDERS; CURRENT RECOMMENDATIONS; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ELDERLY PERSONS; NEW-YORK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hopkins, DP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-95, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM DHopkins@cdc.gov OI Rodewald, Lance/0000-0003-2593-542X NR 106 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 3 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 SU S BP 248 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.016 PG 32 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 929XL UT WOS:000229379800005 PM 15894160 ER PT J AU Ditter, SM Elder, RW Shults, RA Sleet, DA Compton, R Nichols, JL AF Ditter, SM Elder, RW Shults, RA Sleet, DA Compton, R Nichols, JL TI Effectiveness of designated driver programs for reducing alcohol-impaired driving - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID COLLEGE-STUDENTS; PREVENTION C1 CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Psychiat Med, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Washington, DC 20590 USA. Nichols & Associates, Washington, DC USA. RP Elder, RW (reprint author), CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-95, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rfe3@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 SU S BP 280 EP 287 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.013 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 929XL UT WOS:000229379800006 PM 15894161 ER PT J AU Elder, RW Nichols, JL Shults, RA Sleet, DA Barrios, LC Compton, R AF Elder, RW Nichols, JL Shults, RA Sleet, DA Barrios, LC Compton, R TI Effectiveness of school-based programs for reducing drinking and driving and riding with drinking drivers - A systematic review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ALCOHOL EDUCATION-PROGRAM; PREVENTION; STUDENTS; INTERVENTIONS; BEHAVIORS C1 CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Washington, DC 20590 USA. Nichols & Associates, Vienna, VA USA. RP Elder, RW (reprint author), CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-95, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rfe3@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 SU S BP 288 EP 304 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.015 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 929XL UT WOS:000229379800007 PM 15894162 ER PT J AU McKenna, MT Michaud, CM Murray, CJL Marks, JS AF McKenna, MT Michaud, CM Murray, CJL Marks, JS TI Assessing the burden of disease in the United States using disability-adjusted life years SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH REPORT 2000; GLOBAL BURDEN; MORTALITY; WORLD; POPULATION; COUNTRIES; DEMAND; POLICY; INJURY; NEED AB Objectives: Burden of disease studies have been implemented in many countries using the disability ad- usted life year (DALY) to assess major health problems. Methods: We applied methods developed by the World Bank and World Health Organization (WHO) to data specific to the United States to compute DALYs. We compared the results of this analysis to international estimates published by WHO for developed and developing regions of the world. Results: In the mid-1990s, the leading sources of premature death and disability in the United States, as measured by DALYs, were cardiovascular conditions, breast and lung cancers, depression, osteoarthritis, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol use and abuse. In addition, motor vehicle-related injuries and the HIV epidemic exacted a substantial toll on the health status of the U.S. population, particularly among racial/ethnic minorities. The major sources of death and disability in these latter populations were more similar to patterns of burden in developing rather than developed countries. Conclusions: This analysis provides the first detailed, comprehensive estimates using DALYs of the fatal and nonfatal conditions that exact large health burdens in the United States. (c) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Int Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP McKenna, MT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mtm1@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 145 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 415 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.02.009 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 928XE UT WOS:000229304200001 PM 15894144 ER PT J AU Dube, SR Anda, RF Whitfield, CL Brown, DW Felitti, V Dong, MX Giles, WH AF Dube, SR Anda, RF Whitfield, CL Brown, DW Felitti, V Dong, MX Giles, WH TI Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS; PHYSICAL ABUSE; MENTAL-HEALTH; COLLEGE-WOMEN; RISK-FACTORS; EXPERIENCES; ADULT; ADVERSE; CHILDREN AB Background: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a worldwide problem. Although most studies on the long-term consequences of CSA have focused on women, sexual abuse of both boys and girls is common. Thus, a comparison of the long-term effects of CSA by gender of the victim will provide perspective on the need for future research, prevention activities, and treatment of survivors. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from 1995 to 1997 among 17,337 adult HMO members in San Diego, California. Participants completed a survey about abuse or household dysfunction during childhood, and multiple other health-related issues. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between severity of CSA (intercourse vs no intercourse) and long-term health and social problems (substance use and abuse, mental illness, and current problems with marriage and family) by gender of victim. Models controlled for exposure to other forms of adverse childhood experiences that co-occur with CSA. Among men, the relationship between the gender of the CSA perpetrator to the outcomes was also examined. Results: Contact CSA was reported by 16% of males and 25% of females. Men reported female perpetration of CSA nearly 40% of the time, and women reported female perpetration of CSA 6% of the time. CSA significantly increased the risk of the outcomes. The magnitude of the increase was similar for men and women. For example, compared to reporting no sexual abuse, a history of suicide attempt was more than twice as likely among both men and women who experienced CSA (p < 0.05). Compared with those who did not report CSA, men and women exposed to CSA were at a 40% increased risk of marrying an alcoholic, and a 40% to 50% increased risk of reporting current problems with their marriage (p < 0.05). Conclusions: In this cohort of adult HMO members, experiencing CSA was common among both men and women. The long-term impact of CSA on multiple health and social problems was similar for both men and women. These findings strongly indicate that boys and girls are vulnerable to this form of childhood maltreatment; the similarity in the likelihood for multiple behavioral, mental, and social outcomes among men and women suggests the need to identify and treat all adults affected by CSA. (c) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Dept Prevent Med, So Calif Permanente Med Grp, San Diego, CA USA. RP Dube, SR (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SKD7@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 260 Z9 263 U1 9 U2 67 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 430 EP 438 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.01.015 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 928XE UT WOS:000229304200003 PM 15894146 ER PT J AU Mohllajee, AP Curtis, KM Flanagan, RG Rinehart, W Gaffield, ML Peterson, HB AF Mohllajee, AP Curtis, KM Flanagan, RG Rinehart, W Gaffield, ML Peterson, HB TI Keeping up with evidence - A new system for WHO's evidence-based family planning guidance SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MEDICAL ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA; METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY; PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; CLINICAL-TRIALS; METAANALYSES AB The World Health Organization (WHO) is responsible for providing evidence-based family planning guidance for use worldwide. WHO currently has two such guidelines, Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use and Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use, which are widely used globally and often incorporated into national family planning standards and guidelines. To ensure that these guidelines remain up-to-date, WHO, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Information and Knowledge for Optimal Health (INFO) Project at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health's Center for Communication Programs, has developed the Continuous Identification of Research Evidence (CIRE) system to identify, synthesize, and evaluate new scientific evidence as it becomes available. The CIRE system identifies new evidence that is relevant to current WHO family planning recommendations through ongoing review of the input to the POPulation information onLINE (POPLINE (R)) database. Using the Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and standardized abstract forms, systematic reviews are conducted, peer-reviewed, and sent to WHO for further action. Since the system began in October 2002, 90 relevant new articles have been identified, leading to 43 systematic reviews, which were used during the 2003-2004 revisions of WHO's family planning guidelines. The partnership developed to create and manage the CIRE system has pooled existing resources; scaled up the methodology for evaluating and synthesizing evidence, including a peer-review process; and provided WHO with finger-on-the-pulse capability to ensure that its family planning guidelines remain up-to-date and based on the best available evidence. (c) 2005 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborat Ctr Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Community Programs, Baltimore, MD USA. WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, WHO, Collaborat Ctr Reprod Hlth, MS K-34,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc6@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 73 Z9 74 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.ampre.2005.02.008 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 928XE UT WOS:000229304200010 PM 15894153 ER PT J AU Greenwood, GL Paul, JP Pollack, LM Binson, D Catania, JA Chang, J Humfleet, G Stall, R AF Greenwood, GL Paul, JP Pollack, LM Binson, D Catania, JA Chang, J Humfleet, G Stall, R TI Tobacco use and cessation among men who have sex with men - Greenwood respond SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; SAMPLE C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Greenwood, GL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, 74 New Montgomery St,Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM ggreenwood@psg.ucsf.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 BP 929 EP 930 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.064519 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 929YF UT WOS:000229381800002 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Williamson, DF Pamuk, ER AF Flegal, KM Williamson, DF Pamuk, ER TI Calculating deaths attributable to obesity - Flegal et al respond SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4311, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kmf2@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 6 BP 932 EP 933 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.063065 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 929YF UT WOS:000229381800007 ER PT J AU Causer, LM Bishop, HS Sharp, DJ Flagg, EW Calderon, JF Keane, V Shah, JJ Macarthur, JR Maloney, SA Cetron, MS Bloland, PB AF Causer, LM Bishop, HS Sharp, DJ Flagg, EW Calderon, JF Keane, V Shah, JJ Macarthur, JR Maloney, SA Cetron, MS Bloland, PB TI Rapid malaria screening and targeted treatment of United States-bound Montagnard refugees from Cambodia in 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IMPORTED MALARIA; PARASITES; DIAGNOSIS; REDUCE; TESTS; RISK AB In 2002, a group of Montagnard refugees living in Cambodia was accepted for resettlement in the United States. Pre-departure malaria screening and targeted treatment was conducted to prevent morbidity, and minimize the potential for local malaria transmission post-arrival. We screened 902 of 906 refugees using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. Twelve (1.3%) RDT results were positive and 28 (3.1%) were indeterminate. Microscopy confirmed Plasmodium species in two of the positive RDT and one of the indeterminate results. Among a random 10% sample of negative RDT results (n = 86), none were positive by microscopy. The PCR confirmed the two microscopically (and RDT) positive specimens. The PCR result was negative for all other specimens tested. Eighteen (2.0%) refugees were treated with antimalarials. The RDTs were useful in this setting, facilitating timely, sensitive diagnosis and targeted treatment. Evaluations to determine the most appropriate interventions in other refugee settings should include cost-effectiveness analyses of alternative strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Int Org Migrat, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Causer, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lsc6@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 BP 688 EP 693 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 936XA UT WOS:000229887600008 PM 15964951 ER PT J AU Huhn, GD Austin, C Langkop, C Kelly, K Lucht, R Lampman, R Novak, R Haramis, L Boker, R Smith, S Chudoba, M Gerber, S Conover, C Dworkin, MS AF Huhn, GD Austin, C Langkop, C Kelly, K Lucht, R Lampman, R Novak, R Haramis, L Boker, R Smith, S Chudoba, M Gerber, S Conover, C Dworkin, MS TI The emergence of West Nile virus during a large outbreak in Illinois in 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; NEW-YORK; NATURAL HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; FEVER AB In 2002, the world's largest outbreak of neuroinvasive West Nile virus (WNV) disease occurred. Illinois reported 21% of the total cases in the United States, the most among all states. The epidemiology of WNV in Illinois in 2002 was examined to determine factors associated with severe disease and death. A total of 884 cases were identified and there were 66 deaths. The overall attack rate of WNV infection was 7.1 per 100,000 population and this increased with age. The median ages of patients and patients who died were 56 and 78 years, respectively. Among patients who died, 91% were diagnosed with encephalitis and the case-fatality rate for patients with encephalitis was 18.6%. Patients more than 50 years old had a significantly higher risk of being reported with encephalitis (relative risk [RR] = 3.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.6-4.3%) and death (RR = 22.3, 95% CI = 5.5-90.4%). Clinicians evaluating elderly patients with WNV infection should assess patients closely for progression of disease. C1 Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Dept Nat Resources, Nat Hist Survey, Champaign, IL USA. Cook Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Communicable Dis Div, Oak Pk, IL USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Labs, Chicago, IL USA. RP Huhn, GD (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, 160 N LaSalle St,7 S, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. EM ghuhn@idph.state.il.us; caustin@idph.state.il.us; clangkop@idph.state.il.us; kkellv@idph.state.il.us; rlucht@idph.state.il.us; rlampann@inhs.uiuc.edu; rnovak@inhs.uiuc.edu; lharamis@idph.state.il.us; nooker@idph.state.il.us; smwsmith@attbi.com; mchodob@cookcountygov.com; susangerber@sbcglobal.net; cconover@idph.state.il.us; mdworkin@idph.state.il.us NR 40 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 BP 768 EP 776 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 936XA UT WOS:000229887600020 PM 15964962 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, AE Gauci, CG Barber, D Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW Garcia, HH Verastegui, M Lightowlers, MW AF Gonzalez, AE Gauci, CG Barber, D Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW Garcia, HH Verastegui, M Lightowlers, MW TI Short report: Vaccination of pigs to control human neurocysticercosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TAENIA-SOLIUM; ONCOSPHERE ANTIGENS; CYSTICERCOSIS; OVIS AB Taenia solium taeniasis/eysticercosis is a zoonotic disease complex in which the pig is an obligate intermediate host. The infection is widespread, particularly in the developing world, and neurocysticercosis is a major cause of human neurologic disease where the parasite is endemic. Despite easy availability, effective anti-parasitic drugs have not been deployed effectively to control disease transmission. We have investigated a vaccine strategy to prevent parasite infection of the pig intermediate host. Such a strategy would interrupt the parasite's life cycle and eliminate the source of infection for humans. Two recombinant antigens selected from the parasite oncosphere life cycle stage were tested in vaccination trials in pigs that were challenged orally with Taenia solium eggs. Both antigens were highly effective in protecting, the pigs against infection with the parasite (98.6% and 99.9% protection, respectively). No viable cysts were found in eight pigs vaccinated with one of the antigens. A recombinant subunit vaccine based on oncosphere antigens has the potential to improve the available control measures for T. solium and thereby reduce or eliminate neurocysticercosis. C1 Univ Melbourne, Ctr Vet Clin, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Cysticercosis Unit, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Lightowlers, MW (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Ctr Vet Clin, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. EM emico@terra.com.pe; charlesg@unimelb.eclu.au; dylanbarber@hotmail.com; rgilman@jhsph.edu; vct1@cdc.gov; hgarcia@jhsph.edu; mveraste@jhsph.edu; marshall@unimelb.edu.au RI Lightowlers, Marshall/L-5966-2015; OI Lightowlers, Marshall/0000-0002-6655-0086; Gauci, Charles/0000-0001-5097-2164 NR 9 TC 71 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 72 IS 6 BP 837 EP 839 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 936XA UT WOS:000229887600032 PM 15964973 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Sammons, DL Smith, JP MacKenzie, BA Striley, CAF Robertson, SA Snawder, JE Quinn, CP AF Biagini, RE Sammons, DL Smith, JP MacKenzie, BA Striley, CAF Robertson, SA Snawder, JE Quinn, CP TI Simultaneous measurement of specific serum IgG responses to five select agents SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE anthrax; tularemia; plague; staphylococcal enterotoxin B; ricin ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; COVALENT MICROSPHERE IMMUNOASSAY; ANTHRACIS PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; TULAREMIA VACCINE; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; PLAGUE AB Select Agents are defined by CDC and the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) as biological agents or toxins deemed a threat to public, animal, or plant health, or to animal or plant products. They are classified on the basis of their ease of dissemination, mortality/morbidity rate, and potential for social disruption. A subset of these agents includes Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Francisella tularensis, ricin toxin (RT), and staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). Infection or intoxication with these agents has been shown to elicit an antigen-specific serum IgG response. We describe a fluorescent covalent microsphere immunoassay (FCMIA) for measurement of specific IgG antibodies to seven different antigens from five different select agents; B. anthracis [protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF)], Y. pestis (F1 and V antigens), F. tularensis, RT and SEB simultaneously in human B. anthracisvaccinee sera (containing anti-PA and anti-LF IgG) which had been spiked with animal specific IgG antibodies to the other select agents. Inter-assay and intra-assay coefficients of variation were 6.5 and 13.4%, respectively (N=4). There were no significant differences (P > 0.70) between assay responses when the assays were performed individually or multiplexed. When the observed versus expected interpolated concentrations were compared, highly linear relationships were observed (r(2) values from 0.981 to 0.999, P < 0.001). Minimum detectable concentrations (MDC) ranged from 0.3 ng mL(-1) (Y. pestis F1) to 300 ng mL(-1) (RT). Finally, the curves showed responses were linear for most analytes from their MDC to 125 (SEB) to 1,300 (Y. pestis F1)xtheir MDC. These data indicate that multiplexed FCMIA is a sensitive and accurate method for simultaneous measurement of specific IgG in serum to CDC select agents and may be of value in screening either decontamination workers or the general population for exposure to/infection with these agents. C1 NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Microbial Pathogenesis & Immune Response Lab, Natl Inst Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Biagini, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM reb4@cdc.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y02ES10189] NR 37 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 382 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1034 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-3204-6 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 939MC UT WOS:000230075900026 PM 15931499 ER PT J AU Whitlow, KS Belson, M Barrueto, F Nelson, L Henderson, AK AF Whitlow, KS Belson, M Barrueto, F Nelson, L Henderson, AK TI Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine: Old agent and new terror SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID NEPTUNEA-ANTIQUA; TETRAMINE AB Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine has accounted for numerous intentional an unintentional posionings in China. In may 2002, thefirst known case of human illness in the united states caused by tetramethylenedisulotetramine, a banned neurotoxic rodenticide from China, occured in New York City. The clinical presentation after tetramethylenedisulfotetramine exposure is dose dependent, and the most recognized complication is status epilepticus. Posionings may be fatal within hours. No known antidote exists, and treatment mainly is supportive. Anecdotal reports, case reports, and 2 animal studies suggest possible success with certain pharmacological interventions, including pyridoxine and chelation therapy. Pesticide and rodenticide posonings, whether intentional or unintentional, pose a serious threat to populations, and the availability of a banned rodenticide such as tetramethylenedisulfotramine, with its associated morbidity and lethality, is a serious public health concern. Given the recent case report that confirms the presence of tetramethylenedisulfotramine in the United States, the toxicity of the compound, its unique physical properties, the absence of an antidote, and the history of its use as an agent of intentional mass poisoning, public health entities have undertaken educational efforts to inform the public, health care providers, and emergency personnel of this potentially lethal rodentricide. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Poison Ctr, Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York City Poison Control Ctr, New York, NY USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Whitlow, KS (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Hlth Syst, MCV, VA Poison Ctr,Dept Emergency Med, POB 980522, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM Kswhitlow@vcu.edu OI Nelson, Lewis/0000-0001-9551-3922 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 9 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 609 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.09.009 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 931AL UT WOS:000229458100008 PM 15940093 ER PT J AU Conn, JM Annest, JL Ryan, GW Budnitz, DS AF Conn, JM Annest, JL Ryan, GW Budnitz, DS TI Non-work-related finger amputations in the United States, 2001-2002 SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INJURIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Study objective: We characterize non-work-related finger amputations treated in US hospital emergency departments (EDs) and discuss implications for injury-prevention programs. Methods: Finger amputation data from 2001 and 2002 were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (a nationally representative sample of 66 US hospital EDs). National estimates are based on weighted data for 948 cases for finger amputations (including partial and complete) that occurred during non-work-related activities (ie, nonoccupational) activities. Results: An estimate of 30,673 (95% confidence interval [CI] 24,877 to 36,469) persons with non-work-related amputations were treated in US hospital EDs annually. Of these persons, 27,886 (90.9%; 95% Cl 22,707 to 33,065) had amputations involving 1 or more fingers; 19.1% were hospitalized or transferred for specialized trauma care. Male patients were treated for finger amputations at 3 times the rate of female patients. The rate of persons treated for finger amputations was highest for children younger than 5 years (18.8 per 100,000 population; 95% CI 12.3 to 25.2 per 100,000 population), followed by adults aged 55 to 64 years (14.9 per 100,000 population; 95% Cl 9.6 to 20.1 per 100,000 population). For children aged 4 years and younger, 72.9% were injured in incidents involving doors, and for adults aged 55 years or older, 47.2% were injured in incidents involving power tools. Conclusion: National estimates of finger amputations among US residents indicate that young children and older adults are at greatest risk. Parents or other responsible adults should be aware of the risk of small children's fingers around doorways, and adults should take safety precautions when using power tools. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury & Disabil Outcomes & Programs, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Conn, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K-59,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jconn@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 630 EP 635 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.10.012 PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 931AL UT WOS:000229458100012 PM 15940097 ER PT J AU Horton, DK Burgess, P Rossiter, S Kaye, WE AF Horton, DK Burgess, P Rossiter, S Kaye, WE TI Secondary contamination of emergency department personnel from o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile exposure, 2002 SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB In a hazardous materials event in 2002, the unannounced presentation of 3 symptomatic, contaminated patients to an emergency department (ED) resulted in secondary contamination of 2 ED personnel who experienced skin, eye, and respiratory irritation. The material that caused these injuries was o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile, a white powder with a peppery odor used largely as a tear gas and riot-control agent. Secondary contamination can cause adverse symptoms and injuries in ED personnel, further contaminate the ED, and potentially lead to costly ED closures and evacuations. To prevent secondary exposure, EDs can educate their staff about the potential for secondary contamination, implement a team approach for handling contaminated patients, establish decontamination protocols, ensure proper selection of and training in the use of personal protective equipment, and simulate drills for receiving contaminated patients. C1 ATSDR, DHS, ESB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Emergency Response & Sci Assessment Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Horton, DK (reprint author), ATSDR, DHS, ESB, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dhorton@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 655 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.01.031 PG 4 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 931AL UT WOS:000229458100018 PM 15940103 ER PT J AU Jothikumar, N Cromeans, TL Hill, VR Lu, XY Sobsey, MD Erdman, DD AF Jothikumar, N Cromeans, TL Hill, VR Lu, XY Sobsey, MD Erdman, DD TI Quantitative real-time PCR assays for detection of human adenoviruses and identification of serotypes 40 and 41 SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; FELINE CALICIVIRUS; SWIMMING POOL; NESTED-PCR; TYPE-40; WATER; INACTIVATION; SHELLFISH; VIRUSES; TAP AB A quantitative real-time TaqMan PCR assay for detection of human adenoviruses (HAdV) was developed using broadly reactive consensus primers and a TaqMan probe targeting a conserved region of the hexon gene. The TaqMan assay correctly identified 56 representative adenovirus prototype strains and field isolates from all six adenovirus species (A to F). Based on infectious units, the TaqMan assay was able to detect as few as 0.4 and 0.004 infectious units of adenovirus serotype 2 (AdV2) and AdV41, respectively, with results obtained in less than 90 min. Using genomic equivalents, the broadly reactive TaqMan assay was able to detect 5 copies of AdV40 (which had zero mismatches with the PCR primers and probe), 8 copies of AdV41, and 350 copies of AdV3 (which had the most mismatches [seven] of any adenovirus serotype tested). For specific detection and identification of F species serotypes AdV40 and AdV41, a second real-time PCR assay was developed using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes that target the adenovirus fiber gene. The FRET-based assay had a detection limit of 3 to 5 copies of AdV40 and AdV41 standard DNA and was able to distinguish between AdV40 and AdV41 based on melting curve analysis. Both the TaqMan and FRET PCR assays were quantitative over a wide range of virus titers. Application of these assays for detection of adenoviruses and type-specific identification of AdV40 and AdV41 will be useful for identifying these viruses in environmental and clinical samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Jothikumar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JIN2@cdc.gov RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 28 TC 144 Z9 146 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 BP 3131 EP 3136 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.6.3131-3136.2005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 935OF UT WOS:000229790900042 PM 15933012 ER PT J AU Jothikumar, N Cromeans, TL Sobsey, MD Robertson, BH AF Jothikumar, N Cromeans, TL Sobsey, MD Robertson, BH TI Development and evaluation of a broadly reactive TaqMan assay for rapid detection of hepatitis A virus SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; CELL-CULTURE; INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCE; REPLICATION; DURATION; STRAINS; VIREMIA AB Primers and a TaqMan probe for the 5'-untransiated region (UTR) of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) genome were designed and evaluated. The assay detected 0.5 infectious units of HAV and 40 copies of a synthetic transcript and provides an important screening tool for rapid quantitative HAV detection in clinical or environmental samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Dept Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RP Jothikumar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Dept Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JIN2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 BP 3359 EP 3363 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.6.3359-3363.2005 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 935OF UT WOS:000229790900072 PM 15933042 ER PT J AU Glass, RI Bresee, JS Parashar, U Turcios, R Fischer, T Jiang, B Widdowson, MA Gentsch, J AF Glass, RI Bresee, JS Parashar, U Turcios, R Fischer, T Jiang, B Widdowson, MA Gentsch, J TI Rotavirus vaccines: past, present, and future SO ARCHIVES DE PEDIATRIE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Congress of the Societe-Francaise-de-Pediatrie/Congress of the Association-des-Pediatres-de-Langue-Francaise CY JUN 01-04, 2005 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Soc Francaise Pediat, Assoc Pediat Langue Francaise DE rotavirus; vaccination; diarrhea C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mailstop GO4 CDC,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rglass@cdc.gov OI Widdowson, Marc-Alain/0000-0002-0682-6933; Fischer, Thea Kolsen/0000-0003-4812-980X NR 0 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER FRANCE-EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0929-693X J9 ARCH PEDIATRIE JI Arch. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 BP 844 EP 847 DI 10.1016/j.arcped.2005.04.066 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 931KC UT WOS:000229483200070 PM 15904824 ER PT J AU Eaton, DK Lowry, R Brener, ND Galuska, DA Crosby, AE AF Eaton, DK Lowry, R Brener, ND Galuska, DA Crosby, AE TI Associations of body mass index and perceived weight with suicide ideation and suicide attempts among US high school students SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EATING-DISORDERS; RISK BEHAVIOR; HEALTH-RISK; ADOLESCENTS; YOUTH; IMAGE; SATISFACTION; RELIABILITY; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB Background: Previous research with adolescents has shown associations of body weight and perceptions of body size with suicide ideation and suicide attempts, but it is unclear whether these associations are direct or whether a mediating effect exists. Objectives: To determine if body mass index and perceived-weight are associated significantly with suicide ideation and suicide attempts, controlling for weight control practices, and if perceived weight mediates the associations of body mass index with suicide ideation and suicide attempts. Design, Setting, and Participants: Data were analyzed from the 2001 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a school-based survey administered to a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9 through 12 (N = 13601). Main Outcome Measure: Self-reported past-year suicide ideation and suicide attempts, compared by perceived weight and body mass index category, calculated from self-reported height and weight. Results: Body mass index category was associated significantly with suicide ideation (among all students) and suicide attempts (among white and Hispanic students) without perceived weight in the model but not with perceived weight added to the model. In contrast with those who perceive themselves as about the right weight, students who perceived themselves as very underweight (odds ratio [OR], 2.29 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.46-3.59]), slightly under-weight (OR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.03-1.79]), slightly overweight (OR, 1.33 [95% CI, 1.12-1.58]), and very overweight (OR, 2.50 [95% CI, 1.73-3.60]) had greater adjusted odds of suicide ideation. Among white students, perceiving oneself as very underweight (OR, 3.04 [95% CI, 1.406.58]) or very overweight (OR, 2.74 [95% CI, 1.216.23]) was associated with greater odds of suicide attempts. Perceiving oneself as very underweight was associated with greater odds for suicide attempts among black (OR, 2.86 [95% CI, 1.10-7.45]) and Hispanic (OR, 3.40 [95% CI, 1.54-7.51]) students. Conclusions: How adolescents perceive their body weight may be more important than their actual weight in terms of increased likelihood of suicidal behavior. Regardless of body mass index, extreme perceptions of weight appear to be significant risk factors for suicidal behavior; important racial/ethnic differences exist. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chronic Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Natl Ctr Chronic Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chronic Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eaton, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chronic Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dhe0@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 91 Z9 94 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 159 IS 6 BP 513 EP 519 DI 10.1001/archpedi.159.6.513 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 930WR UT WOS:000229448300001 PM 15939848 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Koumans, EH Sternberg, M Pierce, A Papp, J Unger, ER Sawyer, M Black, CM Markowitz, LE AF Paz-Bailey, G Koumans, EH Sternberg, M Pierce, A Papp, J Unger, ER Sawyer, M Black, CM Markowitz, LE TI The effect of correct and consistent condom use on chlamydial and gonococcal infection among urban adolescents SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; YOUNG-WOMEN; RISK; GONORRHEA; ACQUISITION; TRENDS; BEHAVIOR AB Objective: To evaluate the relationship between self-reported correct and consistent condom use and chlamydial and gonococcal infection. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: An urban adolescent health care clinic. Patients: A total of 509 adolescent girls tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection by urine nucleic acid amplification tests. Main Outcome Measure: Effect of condom use on infection rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea. Consistent condom use was defined as using condoms for every act of vaginal sex and correct use as consistent use without any of the following: beginning sex without a condom, taking it off before finishing sex, flipping it over, condom breakage, or condom slippage. Results: A total of 95% of the participants were African American, with a mean age of 16.6 years. Chlamydia prevalence was 21% (105/509) and gonorrhea prevalence was 7% (36/509). Condom errors were reported by 316 (71%) of 442 participants who had reported using a condom at least once in the previous 3 months. Consistent use was reported by 176 patients (35%); however, both correct and consistent use was reported by only 80 patients (16%). After adjusting for confounders, correct and consistent use was protective for chlamydia (odds ratio,0.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-1.0) and highly protective for gonorrhea (odds ratio,0.1; 95% confidence interval, 0-0.7). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that assessing both correctness and consistency of use is important for evaluation of condom effectiveness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Miami, FL 34024 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Paz-Bailey, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Unit 3321,APO AA, Miami, FL 34024 USA. EM gpbz@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 38 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 159 IS 6 BP 536 EP 542 DI 10.1001/archpedi.159.6.536 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 930WR UT WOS:000229448300005 PM 15939852 ER PT J AU Teehee, ML Bunning, ML Stevens, S Bowen, RA AF Teehee, ML Bunning, ML Stevens, S Bowen, RA TI Experimental infection of pigs with West Nile virus SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; NEW-YORK; VECTOR COMPETENCE; DOMESTIC PIGS; HORSES; SENTINELS; MOSQUITOS; BIRDS AB Young adult and weanling pigs were challenged with the New York 99 strain of West Nile virus through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Each of six adult pigs seroconverted, but virus was isolated from serum of only one pig following challenge. Three of five weanling pigs developed viremia, with peak titers of 10(1.9) and 10(3.1) PFU/mL. Clinical signs attributable to West Nile virus infection were not observed in any of these animals. An additional four pigs were challenged by feeding West Nile virus-infected mice, and none of the four developed a detectable viremia or seroconverted. These results suggest that pigs are unlikely to play a significant role as amplifying hosts of West Nile virus. C1 Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Pathol & Immunol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Off Surg Gen, Bolling AF Base, Washington, DC 20330 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Bowen, RA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Anim Reprod & Biotechnol Lab, Dept Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rbowen@colostate.edu NR 26 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 150 IS 6 BP 1249 EP 1256 DI 10.1007/s00705-004-0478-5 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 927ZF UT WOS:000229240200017 PM 15770358 ER PT J AU Anand, SS Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM AF Anand, SS Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM TI Dose-dependent liver tissue repair after chloroform plus trichloroethylene binary mixture SO BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID THIOACETAMIDE HEPATOTOXICITY; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; MODEL HEPATOTOXICANTS; HEPATIC TOXICITY; MALE-MICE; INJURY; REGENERATION; RATS; AUTOPROTECTION; METABOLISM AB The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that liver tissue repair induced by exposure to chloroform (CHCl3)+trichloroethylene binary mixture (BM) is dose-dependent similar to that elicited by exposure to these compounds individually. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-300 g) received three dose combinations of binary mixture (74+250, 185+500 and 370+1250 mg CHCl3+trichloroethylene/kg, intraperitoncally) in corn oil (maximum of 0.5 ml/ kg). Liver injury was assessed by plasma alanine amino transaminase (ALT) activity and histopathology by haematoxylin & eosin. Liver tissue repair was measured by H-3-thymidine incorporation into hepatonuclear DNA. Blood and liver levels of both the parent compounds and two major metabolites of trichloroethylene (trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol) were quantified by gas chromatography. The blood and liver CHCl3 levels after the administration of binary mixture were similar compared to the administration of CHCl3 alone. The blood and liver trichloroethylene levels after the binary mixture were significantly lower compared to trichloroethylene alone due to higher elimination in presence of CHCl3, resulting in decreased production of metabolites. The antagonistic toxicokinetics resulted in lower liver injury than the summation of injury caused by the individual components at all three dose levels. On the other hand, tissue repair elicited by the binary mixture was dose-dependent. The interactive toxicity of this binary mixture of CHCl3 and trichloroethylene led to subadditive initial liver injury because of a combined effect of higher elimination of TCE and mitigated progression of liver injury was prevented by timely dose-dependent stimulation of compensatory tissue repair. Even though the doses of the toxicants employed in this study are much higher than found in the environment, the results suggest that a mixture of these two compounds at environmental levels is unlikely to cause any exaggerated interactive acute liver toxicity of any biological significance. C1 Univ Louisiana, Sch Pharm, Dept Toxicol, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. ATSDR, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mehendale, HM (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Sch Pharm, Dept Toxicol, 700 Univ Ave,Sugar Hall 306, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. EM mehendale@ulm.edu NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-7835 J9 BASIC CLIN PHARMACOL JI Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 96 IS 6 BP 436 EP 444 DI 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_96606.x PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 935KQ UT WOS:000229781600006 PM 15910407 ER PT J AU Dowell, FE Parker, AG Benedict, MQ Robinson, AS Broce, AB Wirtz, RA AF Dowell, FE Parker, AG Benedict, MQ Robinson, AS Broce, AB Wirtz, RA TI Sex separation of tsetse fly pupae using near-infrared spectroscopy SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE sexing; Glossina pallidipes; Glossinidae; near-infrared spectroscopy; sterile insect technique; Musca; Cochliomyia; Stomoxys ID STERILE INSECT TECHNIQUE; GLOSSINA-AUSTENI; WHEAT KERNELS; DIPTERA; ERADICATION; REFLECTANCE; MALES; FLIES AB Implementation of the sterile insect technique for tsetse (Glossina spp.) requires that only sterile male insects be released; thus, at some stage of the fly production process the females have to be removed. A further constraint in the use of the sterile insect technique for tsetse is that the females are needed for colony production and hence, a non-destructive method of sex separation is required. In most tsetse sterile insect technique programmes thus far, females have been eliminated from the released material by hand-separation of chilled adults. Using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, significant differences have been found between the spectra for the pupae of male and female G. pallidipes Austen. Significantly, the differences appear to be maximized 4-5 days before emergence of the adults. Tsetse fly pupae up to five days before emergence can be sexed with accuracies that generally range from 80 to 100%. This system, when refined, will enable effective separation of male and female pupae to be carried out, with emerged females being returned to the colony and males being irradiated and released. If separation can be achieved five days before emergence, this will also enable irradiated male pupae to be shipped to other destinations as required. Other Diptera were evaluated using this system but had lower classification accuracies of 50-74%. This may be due to the difference in reproductive physiology between these different fly groups. C1 USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. FAO, IAEA, Agr & Biotechnol Lab, Entomol Unit, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Entomol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Dowell, FE (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grain Mkt & Prod Res Ctr, 1515 Coll Ave, Manhattan, KS 66502 USA. EM fdowell@gmprc.ksu.edu NR 31 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU CABI PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, NOSWORTHY WAY, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1079/BER2004357 PG 9 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 935WD UT WOS:000229813200008 PM 15960879 ER PT J AU Benowitz, NL Jacob, P Bernert, JT Wilson, M Wang, LG Allen, F Dempsey, D AF Benowitz, NL Jacob, P Bernert, JT Wilson, M Wang, LG Allen, F Dempsey, D TI Carcinogen exposure during short-term switching from regular to "Light" cigarettes SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID LUNG CARCINOGEN; SMOKING-CESSATION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; NICOTINE; TOBACCO; METABOLITES; COTININE; SMOKERS; TAR; COMPENSATION AB Objectives: "Light" cigarettes are extremely popular and are perceived by many smokers as less hazardous than higher-yield cigarettes. The objectives of this study were (a) to assess a battery of biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure that includes tobacco smoke carcinogens, (b) to examine the behavioral nature of compensation, and (c) to examine the consistency of an individual's tobacco smoke exposure when smoking the same cigarette at different times. Methods: The study was a 3-week crossover study in which smokers smoked their usual cigarettes during weeks 1 and 3, and a light cigarette, with a machine-determined nicotine yield of about 50% of the usual cigarette, during week 2. Blood and urine biomarkers of exposure and subjective questionnaires were collected weekly. Results: Based on cotinine and carboxyhemoglobin levels, compensation averaged 78% and 83%, respectively. Urinary excretion of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanol, a metabolite of the tobacco specific carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanone, and a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites was similar in all conditions. Compensation was accomplished both by smoking cigarettes more intensively and by smoking more cigarettes per day. Exposures to various tobacco smoke constituents while smoking the usual brand of cigarette in weeks 1 and 3 were highly correlated. Conclusion: Our findings support the idea that smokers compensate to a high degree when switched from their usual brand to a light cigarette. Short-term switching resulted in no significant reduction in carcinogen exposure. Our assessment, based on measures of biochemical exposures, supports the idea that switching to light cigarettes is unlikely to reduce the health risks of cigarette smoking. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Clin Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Clin Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Dept Psychiat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Clin Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Dept Biopharmaceut Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Biomarkers Lab, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Div Lab Sci,Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Benowitz, NL (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Clin Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Dept Med, Box 1220, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM nbeno@itsa.ucsf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA78603]; NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00083]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA12393, DA02277] NR 32 TC 55 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 1376 EP 1383 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0667 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 935GB UT WOS:000229766600010 PM 15941944 ER PT J AU Pittman, PR Leitman, SF Oro, JGB Norris, SL Marano, NM Ranadive, MV Sink, BS McKee, KT AF Pittman, PR Leitman, SF Oro, JGB Norris, SL Marano, NM Ranadive, MV Sink, BS McKee, KT TI Protective antigen and toxin neutralization antibody patterns in anthrax vaccinees undergoing serial plasmapheresis SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BIOLOGICAL WEAPON; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; GUINEA-PIGS; SERUM; IMMUNITY; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; COMPONENT; CORRELATE AB Recipients of licensed anthrax vaccine (AVA; Biothrax) could serve as a source of hyperimmune plasma and immunoglobulin for therapy and prophylaxis. We measured serum antibodies during serial weekly to biweekly plasmapheresis in 38 individuals previously vaccinated with 4 to 27 doses of AVA. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) to protective antigen (PA) and toxin neutralization assay (TNA) antibody levels were highly correlated (r = 0.86930 and P < 0.0001 for anti-PA concentration versus TNA concentration). Significant decreases in antibody titer and concentration were observed over time when compared for the number of days from the last AVA injection (P < 0.0001 for both anti-PA and TNA concentration) and for the number of days from the first plasmapheresis (P = 0.0007 for anti-PA concentration and P = 0.0025 for TNA concentration). The rate of the decrease in total IgG concentration (half-life [t(1/2)] = 198.90 days after first plasmapheresis) was significantly less than the decrease in anti-PA IgG (t(1/2) = 63.53 days) (P < 0.0001), indicating that the reduction in anti-PA IgG was more likely due to natural decay than plasmapheresis. The time since the last injection and the time after initial plasmapheresis are important elements in considering an optimal schedule for collecting anthrax hyperimmune plasma. Good correlation between IgG to PA and TNA antibodies suggests that the anti-PA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay can be used as a high-throughput screen for functional immune reactivity in donor plasma units. C1 USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Camber Corp, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McKee, KT (reprint author), DynPort Vaccine Co LLC, 64 Thomas Johnson Dr, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM phillip.pittman@amedd.army.mil; kelly.mckee@amedd.army.mil NR 44 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 12 IS 6 BP 713 EP 721 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.6.713-721.2005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 955AO UT WOS:000231197200005 PM 15939745 ER PT J AU McCoy, LF Bowen, MB Xu, M Chen, HP Schleicher, RL AF McCoy, LF Bowen, MB Xu, M Chen, HP Schleicher, RL TI Improved HPLC assay for measuring serum vitamin C with 1-methyluric acid used as an electrochemically active internal standard SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID ASCORBIC-ACID C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schleicher, RL (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Mail Stop F18,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RSchleicher@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 51 IS 6 BP 1062 EP 1064 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2004.046904 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 930YI UT WOS:000229452600032 PM 15860567 ER PT J AU Podewils, LJ Liedtke, LA McDonald, LC Hageman, JC Strausbaugh, LJ Fischer, TK Jernigan, DB Uyeki, TM Kuehnert, MJ AF Podewils, LJ Liedtke, LA McDonald, LC Hageman, JC Strausbaugh, LJ Fischer, TK Jernigan, DB Uyeki, TM Kuehnert, MJ CA Infect Dis Soc Am Emerging Infect TI A national survey of severe influenza-associated complications among children and adults, 2003-2004 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMERGING INFECTIONS NETWORK; UNITED-STATES; DISEASES-SOCIETY; AMERICA AB This report summarizes findings of a national survey conducted among infectious diseases consultants to assess complications associated with influenza during the 2003-2004 influenza season. The survey identified severe complications, including secondary infection with Staphylococcus aureus and deaths among children and adults, as well as perceived shortages in rapid diagnostic tests and influenza vaccine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mkuehnert@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1693 EP 1696 DI 10.1086/430424 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 923AD UT WOS:000228880100020 PM 15889371 ER PT J AU Cannon, MJ Pellett, PE AF Cannon, MJ Pellett, PE TI Risk of congenital cytomegalovirus infection SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Cannon, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcannon@cdc.gov RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 2 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1701 EP 1702 DI 10.1086/430172 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 923AD UT WOS:000228880100024 PM 15889375 ER PT J AU Schneider, E Moore, M Castro, KG AF Schneider, E Moore, M Castro, KG TI Epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States SO CLINICS IN CHEST MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; NEW-YORK-CITY; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS AB After decades of decline, an unprecedented resurgence in tuberculosis occurred in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Deterioration of tuberculosis program infrastructure, the HIV/AIDS epidemic, drug-resistant tuberculosis, and tuberculosis among foreign-born persons contributed to the resurgence. Since then, tuberculosis case numbers have declined, but the decline in 2003 was the smallest since the resurgence. Key challenges remain, and efforts must focus on identifying and targeting interventions for high-risk populations, active involvement in the global effort against tuberculosis, developing new tools, and maintaining adequate resources. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB & Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Serv, Dept Publ Hlth Serv, TB Control Program, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP Schneider, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB & Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ees2@cdc.gov NR 94 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-5231 J9 CLIN CHEST MED JI Clin. Chest Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 183 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ccm.2005.02.007 PG 14 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 922FW UT WOS:000228823000003 PM 15837104 ER PT J AU Frieden, TR Munsiff, SS AF Frieden, TR Munsiff, SS TI The DOTS strategy for controlling the global tuberculosis epidemic SO CLINICS IN CHEST MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; POSITIVE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INITIAL-DRUG RESISTANCE; TREATMENT PROGRAM; TUBERCLE-BACILLI AB This article reviews the principles, scientific basis, and experience with implementation of the directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy for tuberculosis. The relevance of DOTS in the context of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and the HIV epidemic also is discussed. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 125 Worth St, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM tfrieden@health.nyc.gov NR 98 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-5231 J9 CLIN CHEST MED JI Clin. Chest Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 197 EP + DI 10.1016/j.ccm.2005.02.001 PG 10 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 922FW UT WOS:000228823000004 PM 15837105 ER PT J AU Milgrom, H Palmer, E Leung, D AF Milgrom, H Palmer, E Leung, D TI Smallpox vaccination: a conundrum of risks and outcomes SO CURRENT OPINION IN ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; COMPLICATIONS C1 Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80206 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Milgrom, H (reprint author), Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Dept Pediat, 1400 Jakcson St, Denver, CO 80206 USA. EM milgromh@njc.org NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 1528-4050 J9 CURR OPIN ALLERGY CL JI Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 207 EP 209 DI 10.1097/01.all.0000168782.28841.71 PG 3 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 970GO UT WOS:000232293500001 PM 15864076 ER PT J AU Zhang, P Cadwell, B Engelgau, MM Benjamin, SM Valdez, R Narayan, KMV AF Zhang, P Cadwell, B Engelgau, MM Benjamin, SM Valdez, R Narayan, KMV TI Efficient cutoff points for three screening tests for detecting undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes - An economic analysis SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE; PREVENTION; MELLITUS AB OBJECTIVE - Opportunistic screening for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes (either impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose) is recommended by the American Diabetes Association. The aim of this study was to determine efficient cutoff points for three screening tests for detecting undiagnosed diabetes alone or both undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We estimated the number of individuals with undiagnosed diabetes alone or with both undiagnosed diabetes and pre-diabetes that could be detected by using different cutoff points for each screening test as the product of the prevalence of each condition, the sensitivity of the tests at each cutoff point for identifying each condition, and the number of individuals who would be eligible for screening in the U.S. We estimated the total cost of opportunistic screening by multiplying the cost for screening one person by the number of individuals screened. RESULTS - The most efficient cutoff points for both detecting pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes (100 mg/dl for the fasting plasma glucose test, 5.0% for the HbA(1c) test, and 100 mg/dl for the random capillary blood glucose test) were less than those for detecting undiagnosed diabetes alone (110 mg/dl for the fasting plasma glucose test, 5.7% for the HbA(1c) test, and 120 mg/dl for the random capillary blood glucose test). CONCLUSIONS - A lower cutoff value should be used when screening for pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes together than when screening for undiagnosed diabetes alone. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zhang, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Paz2@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 21 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1321 EP 1325 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.6.1321 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 931QM UT WOS:000229500000008 PM 15920046 ER PT J AU Cardozo, BL Holtz, TH Kaiser, R Gotway, CA Ghitis, F Toomey, E Salama, P AF Cardozo, BL Holtz, TH Kaiser, R Gotway, CA Ghitis, F Toomey, E Salama, P TI The mental health of expatriate and Kosovar Albanian humanitarian aid workers SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE humanitarian aid workers; mental health; support services ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; OPERATION DESERT-STORM; NATURAL DISASTER; WAR TRAUMA; SYMPTOMS; QUESTIONNAIRE; SURVIVORS; EXPOSURE; REFUGEE; TORTURE AB The mental health consequences of exposure to traumatic events and the risk factors for psychological morbidity among expatriate and Kosovar Albanian humanitarian aid workers have not been well studied. In June 2000, we used standardised screening tools to survey 285 ( 69.5%) of 410 expatriate aid workers and 325 ( 75.8%) of 429 Kosovar Albanian aid workers from 22 humanitarian organisations that were implementing health programmes in Kosovo. The mean number of trauma events experienced by expatriates was 2.8 ( standard deviation: 2.7) and by Kosovar staff 3.2 ( standard deviation: 2.8). Although only 1.1% of expatriate and 6.2% of Kosovar aid workers reported symptoms consistent with the diagnosis for post-traumatic stress disorder, 17.2% and 16.9%, respectively, reported symptoms satisfying the definition of depression. Regression analysis demonstrated that the number of trauma events experienced was significantly associated with depression for the two sets of workers. Organisational support services may be an important mediating factor and should be targeted at both groups. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Res & Programs Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Int Insights Inc, Decatur, GA USA. Int Rescue Comm, Prishtina, Kosovo, Yugoslavia. RP Cardozo, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD JUN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 152 EP 170 DI 10.1111/j.0361-3666.2005.00278.x PG 19 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 927KA UT WOS:000229191600003 PM 15910647 ER PT J AU Weston, A Ensey, JS Frye, BL AF Weston, A Ensey, JS Frye, BL TI DNA-sequence determination of exon 2 of a novel HLA-DPB1 allele, HLA-DPB1*0403 SO DNA SEQUENCE LA English DT Article DE HLA locus; DNA sequence; haplotypes; polymerase chain reaction ID CHRONIC BERYLLIUM DISEASE AB Sequence determination using HLA-DPB1 allele-specific primers for a DNA sample donated by an African-American individual revealed the presence of a novel haplotype. This new allele was found as a heterozygote together with HLA-DPB1*0402. The new allele was similar to HLA-DPB1*1601, however, it varied in two single nucleotide polymorphisms resulting in alanine residues at positions 55 and 56 of the mature protein rather than aspartic acid and glutamic acid, respectively. Allele-specific DNA-sequence determination was verified by sequence determination in forward and reverse directions after cloning in pCR2.1. This cloning strategy resulted in DNA products representing 19 clones confirming the novel allele (GenBank accession number AY823995 and is now listed in the IMGT/HLA database as HLA-DPB1* 0403) and 17 clones representing HLA-DPB1*0402. C1 NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM agw8@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-5179 J9 DNA SEQUENCE JI DNA Seq. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 235 EP 236 DI 10.1080/10425170500061442 PG 2 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 945MI UT WOS:000230506200012 PM 16147881 ER PT J AU Goldcamp, MJ Ashley, K Edison, SE Pretty, J Shumaker, J AF Goldcamp, MJ Ashley, K Edison, SE Pretty, J Shumaker, J TI A bis-oxime derivative of diaza-18-crown-6 as an ionophore for silver ion SO ELECTROANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE silver; ionophore; oxime; ion-selective electrode; potentiometry ID METAL-COMPLEXES; MACROCYCLES; NICKEL(II); DIAZACROWN; REACTIVITY; SENSORS; URANYL; CROWN AB A new pendant-arm derivative of diaza-18-crown-6, containing two oxime donor groups, has been synthesized and incorporated into a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane ion-selective electrode. The electrode shows selectivity for Ag+ ion, with a near Nernstian response. Pb2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, and Tl+ are major interfering ions, with Cd2+ having minor interference. The electrode shows no potentiometric response for the ions Mg2+, Al3+, K+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, and La3+, and is responsive to H+ at pH < 6. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Wilmington Coll, Dept Chem, Wilmington, OH 45177 USA. RP Goldcamp, MJ (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM michael.goldcamp@wilmington.edu RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1040-0397 J9 ELECTROANAL JI Electroanalysis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 1015 EP 1018 DI 10.1002/elan.200403196 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry GA 935GL UT WOS:000229767600014 ER PT J AU Weber, JT Courvalin, P AF Weber, JT Courvalin, P TI An emptying quiver: Antimicrobial drugs and resistance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Antimicrobial Resistance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. RP Weber, JT (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Antimicrobial Resistance, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jtw5@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 791 EP 793 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 928YG UT WOS:000229307400001 PM 15971372 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Hill, HA Kupronis, BA Tokars, JI Solomon, SL Jernigan, DB AF Kuehnert, MJ Hill, HA Kupronis, BA Tokars, JI Solomon, SL Jernigan, DB TI Methicillin-resistant - Staphylococcus aureus hospitalizations, United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEPSIS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; HOSPITALS; TRENDS; RISK AB Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasingly a cause of nosocomial and community-onset infection with unknown national scope and magnitude. We used the National Hospital Discharge Survey to calculate the number of US hospital discharges listing S. aureus-specific diagnoses, defined as those having at least 1 International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 code specific for S. aureus infection. The number of hospital discharges listing S. aureus-specific diagnoses was multiplied by the proportion of methicillin resistance for each corresponding infection site to determine the number of MRSA infections. From 1999 to 2000, an estimated 125,969 hospitalizations with a diagnosis of MRSA infection occurred annually, including 31,440 for septicemia, 29,823 for pneumonia, and 64,706 for other infections, accounting for 3.95 per 1,000 hospital discharges. The method used in our analysis may provide a simple way to assess trends of the magnitude of MRSA infection nationally. C1 CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jernigan, DB (reprint author), CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djernigan@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 173 Z9 179 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 868 EP 872 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 928YG UT WOS:000229307400012 PM 15963281 ER PT J AU Kiang, KM Kieke, BA Como-Sabetti, K Lynfield, R Besser, RE Belongia, EA AF Kiang, KM Kieke, BA Como-Sabetti, K Lynfield, R Besser, RE Belongia, EA TI Clinician knowledge and beliefs after statewide program to promote appropriate antimicrobial drug use SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; SYSTEMIC PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; ANTIBIOTIC USE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; FLUOROQUINOLONE RESISTANCE; INTERVENTION TRIAL; CHILDREN AB In 1999, Wisconsin initiated an educational campaign for primary care clinicians and the public to promote judicious anti microbial drug use. We evaluated its impact on clinician knowledge and beliefs; Minnesota served as a control state. Results of pre- (1999) and post- (2002) campaign questionnaires indicated that Wisconsin clinicians perceived a significant decline in the proportion of patients requesting antimicrobial drugs (50% in 1999 to 30% in 2002; p < 0.001) and in antimicrobial drug requests from parents for children (25% in 1999 to 20% in 2002; p = 0.004). Wisconsin clinicians were less influenced by nonpredictive clinical findings (purulent nasal discharge [p = 0.044], productive cough [p = 0.010]) in terms of antimicrobial drug prescribing. In 2002, clinicians from both states were less likely to recommend antimicrobial agent treatment for the adult case scenarios of viral respiratory illness. For the comparable pediatric case scenarios, only Wisconsin clinicians improved significantly from 1999 to 2002. Although clinicians in both states improved on several survey responses, greater overall improvement occurred in Wisconsin. C1 Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Epidemiol Res Ctr, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Epidemiol Res Ctr, 1000 N Oak Ave,ML2, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM belongia.edward@marshfieldclinic.org FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU513299-01] NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 904 EP 911 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 928YG UT WOS:000229307400017 PM 15963286 ER PT J AU Belongia, EA Knobloch, MJ Kieke, BA Davis, JP Janette, C Besser, RE AF Belongia, EA Knobloch, MJ Kieke, BA Davis, JP Janette, C Besser, RE TI Impact of statewide program to promote appropriate antimicrobial drug use SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; ANTIBIOTIC USE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ACUTE BRONCHITIS; UNITED-STATES; PRIMARY-CARE; CHILDREN; COMMUNITY AB The Wisconsin Antibiotic Resistance Network (WARN) was launched in 1999 to educate physicians and the public about judicious antimicrobial drug use. Public education included radio and television advertisements, posters, pamphlets, and presentations at childcare centers. Physician education included mailings, susceptibility reports, practice guidelines, satellite conferences, and presentations. We analyzed antimicrobial prescribing data for primary care physicians in Wisconsin and Minnesota (control state). Antimicrobial prescribing declined 19.8% in Minnesota and 20.4% in Wisconsin from 1998 to 2003. Prescribing by internists declined significantly more in Wisconsin than Minnesota, but the opposite was true for pediatricians. We conclude that the secular trend of declining antimicrobial drug use continued through 2003, but a large-scale educational program did not generate greater reductions in Wisconsin despite improved knowledge. State and local organizations should consider a balanced approach that includes limited statewide educational activities with increasing emphasis on local, provider-level interventions and policy development to promote careful antimicrobial drug use. C1 Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. Wisconsin Med Soc, Madison, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM belongia.edward@marshfieldclinic.org FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU515878] NR 39 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 912 EP 920 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 928YG UT WOS:000229307400018 PM 15963287 ER PT J AU Varma, JK Greene, KD Ovitt, J Barrett, TJ Medalla, F Angulo, FJ AF Varma, JK Greene, KD Ovitt, J Barrett, TJ Medalla, F Angulo, FJ TI Hospitalization and antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella outbreaks, 1984-2002 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM DT104; UNITED-STATES; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; INFECTIONS; EMERGENCE; ANIMALS; STRAINS; MILK AB Few studies have evaluated the health consequences of anti microbial-resistant Salmonella strains associated with outbreaks. Among 32 outbreaks occurring in the United States from 1984 to 2002, 22% of 13,286 persons in 10 Salmonella-resistant outbreaks were hospitalized, compared with 8% of 2,194 persons in 22 outbreaks caused by pansusceptible Salmonella strains (p<0.01). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Varma, JK (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, 4th Floor,Bldg 7,Soi 4,Rivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM jvarma@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 72 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 943 EP 946 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 928YG UT WOS:000229307400024 PM 15963293 ER PT J AU McEllistrem, MC Adams, JM Shutt, K Sanza, LT Facklam, RR Whitney, CG Jorgensen, JH Harrison, LH AF McEllistrem, MC Adams, JM Shutt, K Sanza, LT Facklam, RR Whitney, CG Jorgensen, JH Harrison, LH TI Erythromycin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in children, 1999-2001 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY FEB 29-MAR 03, 2004 CL Atlanta, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Amer Soc Microbiol, Assoc Public Hlth Labs, Council State & Territorial Epidemiologists, WHO ID POPULATION-BASED ASSESSMENT; CONJUGATE VACCINE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; BALTIMORE; DISEASE; CLONES AB After increasing from 1995 to 1999, invasive erythro-mycin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae rates per 100,000 decreased 53.6% in children from Baltimore, Maryland (USA) from 1999 to 2001, which was partially attributed to strains related to the metE-carrying England(14)-9 clone. The decline in infection rates was likely due to the pneumococcal 7-valent conjugate vaccine. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP McEllistrem, MC (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Suite 3A,Falk Med Bldg,3601 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM mcellistremc@msx.dept-med.pitt.edu OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 FU NIAID NIH HHS [K24 AI52788, K23 AI001788, K23 AI01788-03, K24 AI052788] NR 15 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 969 EP 972 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 928YG UT WOS:000229307400031 PM 15963300 ER PT J AU Roghmann, MC Bradham, DD Zhan, M Fridkin, SK Perl, TM AF Roghmann, MC Bradham, DD Zhan, M Fridkin, SK Perl, TM TI Measuring impact of antimicrobial resistance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS BACTEREMIA; ENTEROCOCCAL BACTEREMIA; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY; MULTICENTER; OUTCOMES C1 VA Maryland Hlth Care Syst, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Roghmann, MC (reprint author), VA Maryland Hlth Care Syst, 100 N Greene St,Lower Level, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM mroghman@epi.umaryland.edu OI Roghmann, Mary-Claire/0000-0003-1063-9257 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 982 EP 983 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 928YG UT WOS:000229307400039 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Drugs, microbes, and antimicrobial resistance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, 1600 CLifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMPl@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 6 BP 988 EP 989 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 928YG UT WOS:000229307400044 ER PT J AU Wolff, MS Teitelbaum, SL Lioy, PJ Santella, RM Wang, RY Jones, RL Caldwell, KL Sjodin, A Turner, WE Li, W Georgopoulos, P Berkowitz, GS AF Wolff, MS Teitelbaum, SL Lioy, PJ Santella, RM Wang, RY Jones, RL Caldwell, KL Sjodin, A Turner, WE Li, W Georgopoulos, P Berkowitz, GS TI Exposures among pregnant women near the world trade center site on 11 September 2001 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FINE PARTICULATE MATTER; CENTER DISASTER; BREAST-MILK; LOWER MANHATTAN; DNA-ADDUCTS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; AIR-POLLUTION AB We have characterized environmental exposures among 187 women who were Pregnant, were at or near the World Trade Center (WTC) on or soon after 11 September 200 1, and are enrolled in a prospective cohort study of health effects. Exposures were assessed by estimating time spent in five zones around the WTC and by developing an exposure index (EI) based on plume reconstruction modeling. The daily reconstructed dust levels were correlated with levels of particulate matter <= 2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5; r = 0.68) or PM10 (r = 0.73-0-93) reported from 26 September through 8 October 2001 at four of six sites near the WTC whose data we examined. Biomarkers were measured in a subset. Most (71%) of these women were located within eight blocks of the WTC at 0900 hr on 11 September, and 12 women were in one of the two WTC towers. Daily Els were determined to be highest immediately after I I September and became much lower but remained highly variable over the next 4 weeks. The weekly summary El was associated strongly with women's perception of air quality from week 2 to week 4 after the collapse (p < 0.0001). The highest levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-deoxyribonucleic acid (PAH-DNA) adducts were seen among women whose blood was collected sooner after 11 September, but levels showed no significant associations with El or other potential VVTC exposure sources. Lead and cobalt in urine were weakly correlated with Sigma EI, but not among samples collected closest to 11 September. Plasma OC levels were low. The median polychlorinated biphenyl level (sum of congeners 118, 138, 153, 180) was 84 ng/g lipid and had a nonsignificant positive association with Sigma EI (p > 0.05). 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-Heptachlorodibenzodioxin levels (median, 30 pg/g lipid) were similar to levels reported in WrC-exposed firefighters but were not associated with El. This report indicates intense bystander exposure after the WTC collapse and provides information about nonoccupational exposures among a vulnerable population of pregnant women. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat & Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wolff, MS (reprint author), CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Box 1057,1 Gustave L Levy Pl, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM mary.wolff@mssm.edu RI Caldwell, Kathleen/B-1595-2009; Lioy, Paul/F-6148-2011; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P42ES07384, ES05022-1551, P30 ES009089, P30ES09089] NR 49 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 11 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 113 IS 6 BP 739 EP 748 DI 10.1289/ehp.7694 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 931BL UT WOS:000229460700037 PM 15929898 ER PT J AU Kleinman, KP Abrams, AM Kulldorff, M Platt, R AF Kleinman, KP Abrams, AM Kulldorff, M Platt, R TI A model-adjusted space-time scan statistic with an application to syndromic surveillance SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID CLUSTERS; DISEASE; CANCER AB The space-time scan statistic is often used to identify incident disease clusters. We introduce a method to adjust for naturally occurring temporal trends or geographical patterns in illness. The space-time scan statistic was applied to reports of lower respiratory complaints in a large group practice. We compared its performance with unadjusted populations from: (1) the census, (2) group-practice membership counts, and on adjustments incorporating (3) day of week, month, and holidays; and (4) additionally, local history of illness. Using a nominal false detection rate of 5%, incident clusters during 1 year were identified on 26, 22, 4 and 2% of days for the four populations respectively. We show that it is important to account for naturally occurring temporal and geographic trends when using the space-time scan statistic for surveillance. The large number of days with clusters renders the census and membership approaches impractical for public health surveillance. The proposed adjustment allows practical surveillance. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. CDC, Eastern Massachusetts Prevent Epictr, Boston, MA USA. HMO Res Network Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Boston, MA USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Kleinman, KP (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM ken_kleinman@harvardpilgrim.org RI Kulldorff, Martin/H-4282-2011; OI Kulldorff, Martin/0000-0002-5284-2993 NR 12 TC 67 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 3 BP 409 EP 419 DI 10.1017/S0950268804003528 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 939NF UT WOS:000230079000004 PM 15962547 ER PT J AU Ferguson, DD Scheftel, J Cronquist, A Smith, K Woo-Ming, A Anderson, E Knutsen, J De, AK Gershman, K AF Ferguson, DD Scheftel, J Cronquist, A Smith, K Woo-Ming, A Anderson, E Knutsen, J De, AK Gershman, K TI Temporally distinct Escherichia coli O157 outbreaks associated with alfalfa sprouts linked to a common seed source - Colorado and Minnesota, 2003 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; CHLORINE; WATER AB Escherichia coli O157 outbreaks were identified in Minnesota in February 2003 involving seven persons and in Colorado in July 2003 involving 13 persons. Case isolates from the two states had matching pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns. Independent case-control studies linked infections in each outbreak with eating alfalfa sprouts that were traced to the same seed distributor. The Colorado sprouter reportedly complied with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sprout guidance, whereas the Minnesota sprouter did not. These investigations revealed that increased compliance with existing FDA guidance is needed and that additional research is needed to improve the alfalfa seed decontamination process. This reaffirms the FDA recommendation that raw alfalfa sprouts should be considered potentially contaminated and avoided by persons at high-risk such as the elderly, young children, and immunocompromised persons. PFGE played an essential role in linking these two temporally and geographically distinct E. coli O157 outbreaks. C1 Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Work Force & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Ferguson, DD (reprint author), 4300 Cherry Creek Dr S, Denver, CO 80246 USA. EM dayna.ferguson@state.co.us NR 30 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 3 BP 439 EP 447 DI 10.1017/S0950268804003589 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 939NF UT WOS:000230079000007 PM 15962550 ER PT J AU Lang, JE Moore, MJ Harris, AC Anderson, LA AF Lang, JE Moore, MJ Harris, AC Anderson, LA TI Healthy aging: Priorities and programs of the centers for disease control and prevention SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Lang, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD SUM PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 24 EP 29 PG 6 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 965XU UT WOS:000231985000005 ER PT J AU Palombo, R Alongi, J Goldman, A Greene, R Lambert, T Smith, S AF Palombo, R Alongi, J Goldman, A Greene, R Lambert, T Smith, S TI Opportunities for collaboration: Linking public health and aging services networks SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Article C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Off Elder Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Aging State Project, Boston, MA USA. Assoc State & Terr Chron Dis Programe Directors, Sacramento, CA USA. Georgia Div Aging Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Adm Aging, Washington, DC USA. Natl Assoc State Units Aging, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD SUM PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 965XU UT WOS:000231985000009 ER PT J AU Dellinger, AM Stevens, JA AF Dellinger, AM Stevens, JA TI Injury prevention for older adults SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Article ID FALLS; WOMEN; BALANCE; FRACTURES; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dellinger, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD SUM PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 60 EP 64 PG 5 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 965XU UT WOS:000231985000011 ER PT J AU Ranamukhaarachchi, DG Unger, ER Vernon, SD Lee, D Rajeevan, MS AF Ranamukhaarachchi, DG Unger, ER Vernon, SD Lee, D Rajeevan, MS TI Gene expression profiling of dysplastic differentiation in cervical epithelial cells harboring human papillornavirus 16 SO GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; SELECTIVE GROWTH ADVANTAGE; ACTIN CYTOSKELETON; MESSENGER-RNA; PROTEIN; CARCINOGENESIS; IDENTIFICATION; PROGRESSION; CANCER; LINE AB Molecular events occurring with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated dysplastic differentiation of cervical epithelial cells are largely unknown. This study used differential display PCR to identify expression changes between nondifferentiating monolayer and differentiated organotypic (raft) cultures of W12 keratinocytes. These cells were originally derived from a clinical biopsy of HPV 16-positive dysplastic cervical epithelium and retain high-risk HPV 16 and the ability to differentiate, albeit with dysplastic morphology. Using this model system we identified 84 genes with changed expression during dysplastic differentiation. Most (70,184, approximate to 80%) were down-regulated with differentiation, consistent with a restriction of expression during terminal differentiation. Twenty-two genes had no known function and 6 novel expressed sequence tags were identified among this group. Of the 1 2 genes with known functions, 25 belonged to transcription-, translation-, and posttranslation-related categories and 30 had functions associated with neoplastic initiation/progression, calcium signaling, epithelial differentiation, and structure remodeling. Some of the genes with altered expression identified in this model of dysplastic differentiation may be useful biomarkers for early detection of cervical neoplasia, and other HPV-associated oropharyngeal and anogenital cancers. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rajeevan, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mor4@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0888-7543 J9 GENOMICS JI Genomics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 6 BP 727 EP 738 DI 10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.02.008 PG 12 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 928HY UT WOS:000229263400007 PM 15885499 ER PT J AU Wei, WQ Abnet, CC Lu, N Roth, MJ Wang, GQ Dye, BA Dong, ZW Taylor, PR Albert, P Qiao, YL Dawsey, SM AF Wei, WQ Abnet, CC Lu, N Roth, MJ Wang, GQ Dye, BA Dong, ZW Taylor, PR Albert, P Qiao, YL Dawsey, SM TI Risk factors for oesophageal squamous dysplasia in adult inhabitants of a high risk region of China SO GUT LA English DT Article ID GASTRIC CANCERS; CELL CARCINOMA; INCIDENT ESOPHAGEAL; SHANXI-PROVINCE; LINXIAN; SPECIMENS AB Background: Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma ( OSCC) is a common cancer worldwide and has a very high mortality rate. Squamous dysplasia is the precursor lesion for OSCC and it can be seen during routine endoscopy with Lugol's iodine staining. We aimed to examine the risk factors for squamous dysplasia and determine if a risk model could be constructed which would be useful in selecting apparently healthy subjects for endoscopic screening in a high risk population in Linzhou, People's Republic of China. Subjects and methods: In this cross sectional study, 724 adult volunteers aged 40 - 65 years were enrolled. All subjects completed a questionnaire regarding potential environmental exposures, received physical and dental examinations, and underwent upper endoscopy with Lugol's iodine staining and biopsy. Subjects were categorised as having or not having histologically proven squamous dysplasia/ early cancer. Risk factors for dysplasia were examined using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The utility of the final multivariate model as a screening tool was assessed using a receiver operating characteristics curve. Results: We found that 230 of 720 subjects ( 32%) with complete data had prevalent squamous dysplasia. In the final multivariate model, more household members ( odds ratio ( OR) 1.12/ member ( 95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.99, 1.25)), a family history of cancer ( OR 1.57 ( 95% CI 1.13- 2.18)), higher systolic blood pressure OR 1.11/ 10 mm Hg ( 95% CI 1.03- 1.19)), heating the home without a chimney ( OR 2.22 ( 95% CI 1.27 - 3.86)), and having lost more but not all of your teeth ( OR 1.91 for 12 - 31 teeth lost ( 95% CI 1.17 3.15)) were associated with higher odds of having dysplasia. Higher household income ( OR 0.96/ 100 RMB ( 95% CI 0.91 - 1.00)) was associated with a lower odds of having dysplasia. Although we found several statistically significant associations, the final model had little ability to accurately predict dysplasia status, with maximum simultaneous sensitivity and specificity values of 57% and 54%, respectively. Conclusions: We found that risk factors for dysplasia were similar to those previously identified as risk factors for OSCC in this population. The final model did a poor job of identifying subjects who had squamous dysplasia. Other methods will need to be developed to triage individuals to endoscopy in this high risk population. C1 NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, Canc Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Canc, Dept Canc Epidemiol, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NCI, Biometr Res Branch, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Abnet, CC (reprint author), NCI, Canc Prevent Studies Branch, Canc Res Ctr, 6116 Execut Blvd,Rm 705, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM abnetc@mail.nih.gov RI Qiao, You-Lin/B-4139-2012; Abnet, Christian/C-4111-2015 OI Qiao, You-Lin/0000-0001-6380-0871; Abnet, Christian/0000-0002-3008-7843 NR 24 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD JUN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 6 BP 759 EP 763 DI 10.1136/gut.2004.062331 PG 5 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 925FP UT WOS:000229037700009 PM 15888779 ER PT J AU Kamal, SM El Tawil, AA Nakano, T He, Q Rasenack, J Hakam, SA Saleh, WA Ismail, A Aziz, AA Madwar, MA AF Kamal, SM El Tawil, AA Nakano, T He, Q Rasenack, J Hakam, SA Saleh, WA Ismail, A Aziz, AA Madwar, MA TI Peginterferon alpha-2b and ribavirin therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4: impact of treatment duration and viral kinetics on sustained virological response SO GUT LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC LIVER-DISEASE; VIRUS-INFECTION; PLUS RIBAVIRIN; INTERFERON MONOTHERAPY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; NILE DELTA; COMBINATION; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; POPULATION AB Background: The response rates and duration of peginterferon alpha ( PEG- IFN- a) and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4, the prevalent genotype in the Middle East and Africa, are poorly documented. Aims: To compare the efficacy and safety of 24, 36, or 48 weeks of PEG- IFN- α- 2b and ribavirin therapy in chronic hepatitis C genotype 4. Methods: In this prospective, randomised, double blind study, 287 patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 were randomly assigned to PEG- IFN-α- 2b ( 1.5 mg/ kg) once weekly plus daily ribavirin ( 1000 - 1200 mg) for 24 weeks ( group A, n = 95), 36 weeks ( group B, n = 96), or 48 weeks ( group C, n = 96) and followed for 48 weeks after completion of treatment. Early viral kinetics and histopathological evaluation of pre- and post treatment liver biopsies were performed. The primary end point was viral clearance 48 weeks after completion of treatment. Results: Sustained virological response was achieved in 29%, 66%, and 69% of patients treated with PEGIFN-α- 2b and ribavirin for 24, 36, and 48 weeks, respectively, by intention to treat analysis. No statistically significant difference in sustained virological response rates was detected between 36 and 48 weeks of therapy ( p = 0.3). Subjects with sustained virological response showed greater antiviral efficacy ( e) and rapid viral load decline from baseline to treatment week 4 compared with non- responders and improvement in liver histology. The incidence of adverse events was higher in the group treated for 48 weeks. Conclusion: PEG- IFN- a- 2b and ribavirin for 36 or 48 weeks was more effective in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 than treatment for 24 weeks. Thirty six week therapy was well tolerated and produced sustained virological and histological response rates similar to the 48 week regimen. C1 Ain Shams Fac Med, Dept Gastroenterol & Liver Dis, Cairo, Egypt. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Inst Med, Boston, MA USA. Ain Shams Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ichinomiya Nishi Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Aichi, Japan. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Inst Med, Boston, MA USA. Univ Freiburg, Dept Internal Med 2, Freiburg, Germany. Ain Shams Fac Med, Dept Gastroenterol & Liver Dis, Cairo, Egypt. Ain Shams Univ, Fac Med, Dept Trop Med, Cairo, Egypt. RP Kamal, SM (reprint author), Ain Shams Fac Med, Dept Gastroenterol & Liver Dis, 22 Al Ahram St, Cairo, Egypt. EM sanaa.kamal@link.net OI Kamal, Sanaa/0000-0002-2052-7956 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI054887] NR 30 TC 115 Z9 122 U1 1 U2 3 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD JUN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 6 BP 858 EP 866 DI 10.1136/gut.2004.057182 PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 925FP UT WOS:000229037700027 PM 15888797 ER PT J AU Trifiletti, LB Gielen, AC Sleet, DA Hopkins, K AF Trifiletti, LB Gielen, AC Sleet, DA Hopkins, K TI Behavioral and social sciences theories and models: are they used in unintentional injury prevention research? SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMMIT DRIVING VIOLATIONS; BICYCLE HELMET USE; CHILDHOOD INJURY; HEALTH-EDUCATION; LIFE STRESS; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; PARENTAL BELIEFS; ATHLETIC INJURY; COPING SKILLS; UNITED-STATES AB Behavioral and social sciences theories and models have the potential to enhance efforts to reduce unintentional injuries. The authors reviewed the published literature on behavioral and social science theory applications to unintentional injury problems to enumerate and categorize the ways different theories and models are used in injury prevention research. The authors conducted a systematic review to evaluate the published literature from 1980 to 2001 on behavioral and social science theory applications to unintentional injury prevention and control. Electronic database searches in PubMed and PsycINFO identified articles that combined behavioral and social sciences theories and models and injury causes. The authors identified some articles that examined behavioral and social science theories and models and unintentional injury topics, but found that several important theories have never been applied to unintentional injury prevention. Among the articles identified, the PRECEDE PROCEED Model was cited most frequently, followed by the Theory of Reasoned Action/Theory of Planned Behavior and Health Belief Model. When behavioral and social sciences theories and models were applied to unintentional injury topics, they were most frequently used to guide program design, implementation or develop evaluation measures; few examples of theory testing were found. Results suggest that the use of behavioral and social sciences theories and models in unintentional injury prevention research is only marginally represented in the mainstream, peer-reviewed literature. Both the fields of injury prevention and behavioral and social sciences could benefit from greater collaborative research to enhance behavioral approaches to injury control. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Trifiletti, LB (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM ltrifile@jhsph.edu RI McKenzie, Lara/C-5122-2012 NR 62 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 298 EP 307 DI 10.1093/her/cyg126 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 926HF UT WOS:000229113500005 PM 15632096 ER PT J AU Lichtveld, MY AF Lichtveld, MY TI Introduction: Terrorism and human health risk - From assessment to management SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOTERRORISM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lichtveld, MY (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mal7@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 483 EP 485 DI 10.1080/10807030590949591 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 945NX UT WOS:000230510300002 ER PT J AU Hancock, HE Fisk, AD Rogers, WA AF Hancock, HE Fisk, AD Rogers, WA TI Comprehending product warning information: Age-related effects and the roles of memory, inferencing, and knowledge SO HUMAN FACTORS LA English DT Article ID TEXT AB Two experiments were conducted to determine if age affects comprehension for explicit and implied warning information and, if so, to reveal the nature of such effects. Experiment I measured younger (18-23 years) and older (65-75 years) adults' comprehension for real-world warnings via a verification test presented immediately after reading the warnings or after a delay. In Experiment 2, younger (18-22 years) and older (64-76 years) participants also read fabricated warnings that were inconsistent with real-world knowledge. In both experiments, older adults frequently failed to infer the correct hazard and safety information. The older adults also had trouble understanding warning information even when it was explicitly stated (when no inferences were required), especially when memory demands were high and product-specific knowledge could not be used. That many of the older adults did not understand commonly used product warnings indicates that the wording on many household products is not conducive to being understood by everyone who uses them. Actual or potential applications of this research include the recommendation that designers of product labels, warnings, and instructions should consider minimizing memory load and maximizing opportunities for knowledge application when designing consumer warnings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Hancock, HE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hkh3@cdc.gov FU NIA NIH HHS [R01AG18177] NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU HUMAN FACTORS SOC PI SANTA MONICA PA BOX 1369, SANTA MONICA, CA 90406 USA SN 0018-7208 J9 HUM FACTORS JI Hum. Factors PD SUM PY 2005 VL 47 IS 2 BP 219 EP 234 DI 10.1518/0018720054679407 PG 16 WC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology SC Behavioral Sciences; Engineering; Psychology GA 956DI UT WOS:000231278700002 PM 16170935 ER PT J AU Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Lucchi, N Abramowsky, C Othoro, C Chaiyaroj, SC Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Peterson, DS Moore, JM Udhayakumar, V AF Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Lucchi, N Abramowsky, C Othoro, C Chaiyaroj, SC Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Peterson, DS Moore, JM Udhayakumar, V TI Immunohistological characterization of macrophage migration inhibitory factor expression in Plasmodium falciparum-infected placentas SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CHONDROITIN SULFATE-A; PREGNANT-WOMEN; MALARIA; ERYTHROCYTES; IMMUNITY; ANTIBODIES; BLOOD AB Previously, we have shown that macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was highly elevated in the placental intervillous blood (IVB) of Plasmodium falciparum-infected women. Here, we compared the expression of MIF in placental tissues obtained from P. falciparum-infected and -uninfected women. Immunoperoxidase staining showed a consistent pattern of MIF expression in syncytiotrophoblasts, extravillous trophoblasts, IVB mononuclear cells, and amniotic epithelial cells, irrespective of their malaria infection status. Cytotrophoblast, villous stroma, and Hofbauer cells showed focal staining. Only amniotic epithelial and IVB mononuclear cells from P. falciparum-infected placentas exhibited significantly higher level of MIF expression than uninfected placentas. Stimulation of syncytilized human trophoblast BeWo cells with P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes that were selected to bind these cells resulted in significant increases in MIF secretion, whereas control erythrocytes, lipopolysaccharides, and synthetic beta-hematin had minimal effect. These findings suggest that placental malaria modulates MIF expression in different placental compartments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Emory Univ, Egleston Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Kenya Med ResInst, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM vxu0@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 50240, R01 AI050240, AI 42318] NR 20 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 73 IS 6 BP 3287 EP 3293 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.6.3287-3293.2005 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 931LD UT WOS:000229485900010 PM 15908353 ER PT J AU Percival, SL Kite, P Eastwood, K Murga, R Carr, J Arduino, MJ Donlan, RM AF Percival, SL Kite, P Eastwood, K Murga, R Carr, J Arduino, MJ Donlan, RM TI Tetrasodium EDTA as a novel central venous catheter lock solution against biofilm SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; PROPHYLAXIS; RESISTANCE; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; ACID; VIVO AB BACKGROUND: Central venous catheter (CVC)-related bloodstream infections (BSIs) are known to increase rates of morbidity and mortality in both inpatients and outpatients, including hematology-oncology patients and those undergoing hemodialysis or home infusion therapy. Biofilm-associated organisms on the lumens of these catheters have reduced susceptibility to antimicrobial chemotherapy. This study tested the efficacy of tetrasodium EDTA as a catheter lock solution on biofilms of several clinically relevant microorganisms. METHODS: Biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Candida albicans were grown to levels of approximately 1 X 101 colony-forming units (CFU)/cm(-1) on CVC segments in a model system, then subjected to the tetrasodium EDTA lock treatment. RESULTS: Comparisons of biofilms before and after exposure to the 40-mg/mL(-1) tetrasodium EDTA lock for 21 hours showed that the biofilm viable cell counts of all organisms tested were significantly reduced (P < .05) after exposure to the treatment. CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial lock treatment using 40 mg/mL(-1) of tetrasodium EDTA for at least 21 hours could significantly reduce or potentially eradicate CVC-associated biofilms of clinically relevant microorganisms. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Leeds Teaching Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RP Donlan, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop C-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rld8@cd.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012; OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X; Percival, Steven/0000-0002-7752-5935 NR 31 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1086/502577 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 973QW UT WOS:000232538700005 PM 16018425 ER PT J AU Morgan, J Meltzer, MI Plikaytis, BD Sofair, AN Huie-White, S Wilcox, S Harrison, LH Seaberg, EC Hajjeh, RA Teutsch, SM AF Morgan, J Meltzer, MI Plikaytis, BD Sofair, AN Huie-White, S Wilcox, S Harrison, LH Seaberg, EC Hajjeh, RA Teutsch, SM TI Excess mortality, hospital stay, and cost due to candidemia: A case-control study using data from population-based candidemia surveillance SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; CARE UNIT PATIENTS; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY; ACQUIRED CANDIDEMIA; SECULAR TRENDS; STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; LENGTH; CANDIDIASIS AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the mortality, hospital stay, and total hospital charges and cost of hospitalization attributable to candidemia by comparing patients with candidemia with control-patients who have otherwise similar illnesses. Prior studies lack broad patient and hospital representation or cost-related information that accurately reflects current medical practices. DESIGN: Our case-control study included case-patients with candidemia and their cost-related data, ascertained from laboratory-based candidemia surveillance conducted among all residents of Connecticut and Baltimore and Baltimore County, Maryland, during 1998 to 2000. Control-patients were matched on age, hospital type, admission year, discharge diagnoses, and duration of hospitalization prior to candidemia onset. RESULTS: We identified 214 and 529 sets of matched case-patients and control-patients from the two locations, respectively. Mortality attributable to candidemia ranged between 19% and 24%. On multivariable analysis, candidemia was associated with mortality (OR, 5.3 for Connecticut and 8.5 for Baltimore and Baltimore County; P < .05), whereas receiving adequate treatment was protective (OR, 0.5 and 0.4 for the two locations, respectively; P < .05). Candidemia itself did not increase the total hospital charges and cost of hospitalization; when treatment status was accounted for, having received adequate treatment for candidemia significantly increased the total hospital charges and cost of hospitalization ($6,000 to $29,000 and $3,000 to $22,000, respectively) and the length of stay (3 to 13 days). CONCLUSION: Our findings underscore the burden of candidemia, particularly regarding the risk of death, length of hospitalization, and cost associated with treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. ChimeData, Wallingford, CT USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Merck & Co Inc, Outcomes & Res Management, West Point, PA USA. RP Morgan, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JMorgan1@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 215 Z9 224 U1 0 U2 14 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 540 EP 547 DI 10.1086/502581 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 973QW UT WOS:000232538700009 PM 16018429 ER PT J AU McKibben, L Horan, TC Tokars, JI Fowler, G Cardo, DM Pearson, ML Brennan, PJ AF McKibben, L Horan, TC Tokars, JI Fowler, G Cardo, DM Pearson, ML Brennan, PJ CA Healthcare Infection Control TI Guidance on public reporting of healthcare-associated infections: Recommendations of the healthcare infection control practices advisory committee SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; PREVENTION; RATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30330 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Healthcare Otucomes Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30330 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent & Evaluat Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30330 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. Sharp Mem Hosp & Rehabil Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Amer Hosp Assoc, Washington, DC USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Long Beach Mem Med Ctr, Long Beach, CA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Qualis Hlth Boise, Boise, ID USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE 68583 USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. Assoc PeriOperat Registered Nurses, Denver, CO USA. Assoc Proffes Infect Control & Epidemiol In, Washington, DC USA. Amer Healthcare, Washington, DC USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. Hlth Serv Resources Adm, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. Food & Drug Adm, Rockville, MD USA. Amer Coll Occupat & Environm Med, Arlington Hts, IL USA. CDC, Advisory Comm Eliminat TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer Inc, Alexandria, VA USA. Joint Comm Accreditat Healthcare Org, Oak Brook, IL USA. RP Pearson, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-68,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30330 USA. EM mpearson@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 6 BP 580 EP 587 DI 10.1086/502585 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 973QW UT WOS:000232538700015 PM 16018435 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Ward, H AF Aral, SO Ward, H TI Modern day influences on sexual behavior SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID DEMOGRAPHIC-TRANSITION; RISK BEHAVIORS; RUSSIA; WORK; HIV AB Understanding sexual behavior is key to the effective prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and developing effective intervention programs. As a social activity, sex and the activities that surround it, are linked intimately to the society and the context in which they occur. Sexual partnerships, and the factors that are related to their creation and dissolution, have received particular interest as a key determinant of STD risk. Sexual risk and partnership development patterns respond to societal economic, sociologic, political, and technologic change. This article explores these patterns and relationships. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Sch Med, London W2 1PG, England. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM saral@cdc.gov RI Ward, Helen/A-1836-2009 OI Ward, Helen/0000-0001-8238-5036 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 297 EP + DI 10.1016/j.idc.2005.03.010 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 944MS UT WOS:000230433700003 PM 15963873 ER PT J AU Fenton, KA Imrie, J AF Fenton, KA Imrie, J TI Increasing rates of sexually transmitted diseases in homosexual men in western Europe and the United States: Why? SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID NEW-YORK-CITY; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; HIV-POSITIVE MEN; RISK BEHAVIOR; SAN-FRANCISCO; BISEXUAL MEN; YOUNG MEN; GAY MEN; BRITAIN 1990-2000 AB STDs among homosexual and other men who have sex with men (MSM) are again on the increase. This is a finding that is consistent across Western Europe and the United States and, given the increasingly global interconnectedness of this community, is likely to have an impact on other geographic regions. The reasons for the increase are multifaceted, including substantial demographic shifts in MSM populations in industrialized countries; biologic factors such as epidemiologic synergy between HIV and other STDs; the possible transmission of drug-resistant STDs; and expansions in the sexual marketplace, which involves social and sexual networks that facilitate sex partner acquisition, with the Internet adding to, or in some cases replacing, more traditional meeting venues. Although evidence related to changing psychosocial contexts is emerging, a better understanding of the associations between high-risk sexual behavior and mental ill health, recreational drug use, socioeconomic deprivation, discrimination, and homophobia is required. In considering the strategic response to this issue, holistic approaches to improving sexual health among MSM within the "post-AIDS" context are urgently needed, alongside targeted interventions for HIV-positive MSM, the health care providers who care for them, and the custodians of social establishments directed at MSM. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Protect Agcy Ctr Infect, HIV STI Dept, London NW9 5EQ, England. UCL, Mortimer Market Ctr, Royal Free & Univ Coll Med Sch, Ctr Sexual Hlth & HIV Res, London WC1E 6AU, England. RP Fenton, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kif2@cdc.gov NR 102 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 4 U2 16 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 311 EP + DI 10.1016/j.idc.2005.04.004 PG 22 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 944MS UT WOS:000230433700004 PM 15963874 ER PT J AU Henderson, Z Tao, GY Irwin, K AF Henderson, Z Tao, GY Irwin, K TI Sexually transmitted disease care in managed care organizations SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; NATIONAL-SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; CHLAMYDIAL INFECTION; PREVENTION GUIDELINES; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; PRIVATE-SECTOR AB Clinicians affiliated with managed care organizations (MCOs) provide most of the care for sexually transmitted disease (STD) in the United States. A search of the medical literature since 1990 to find information on the burden of bacterial STD and quality of care in commercial and Medicaid MCO enrollees revealed that chlamydial infections are far more common in MCO enrollees than gonorrhea and syphilis. Although treatment and case reporting appear adequate in the MCOs studied, there is considerable room for improvement in sexual risk assessment, STD screening, risk-reduction counseling, patient education, and services for exposed sex partners. Many of the interventions that have been implemented in MCOs to improve STD care have addressed chlamydia control, with several showing promising results. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Henderson, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bwc5@cdc.gov NR 92 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 10 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 491 EP + DI 10.1016/j.idc.2005.03.003 PG 23 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 944MS UT WOS:000230433700015 PM 15963885 ER PT J AU Van Griensven, F Pitisuttithum, P Vanichseni, S Wichienkuer, P Tappero, JW Sangkum, U Kitayaporn, D Phasithiphol, B Orelind, K Choopanya, K AF Van Griensven, F Pitisuttithum, P Vanichseni, S Wichienkuer, P Tappero, JW Sangkum, U Kitayaporn, D Phasithiphol, B Orelind, K Choopanya, K TI Trends in the injection of midazolam and other drugs and needle sharing among injection drug users enrolled in the AIDSVAX B/E HIV-1 vaccine trial in Bangkok, Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; midazolam; vaccines; risk behaviour; injection drug use; Thailand AB Midazolam injection may increase the hazards of drug use. Its ability to cause amnesia may be associated with increased HIV risk behaviour and its interaction with other licit and illicit drugs may cause overdose and death. We analysed midazolam injection among injecting drug users (IDUs) participating in the AIDSVAX B/E HIV-1 vaccine trial in Bangkok, Thailand. From March 1999 to August 2000, 2545 IDUs were enrolled and randomised to receive AIDSVAX B/E or placebo. An interviewer-administered questionnaire assessed demographics (at baseline) and drug use behaviour (every 6 months). Reports of midazolam injection were statistically evaluated. During 36 months of follow-up, injection of any drug decreased from 94 to 51 % and needle sharing decreased from 33 to 16 %. Among those who continued to inject, midazolam injection increased from 10 to 31 % (all p < 0.0001). Earlier study visit, lower education and less frequent injection were independently associated with less frequent midazolam injection; younger age, reports of needle sharing and receiving methadone treatment were independently associated with more frequent midazolam injection. Preventive interventions to educate IDUs and midazolam prescribers are urgently needed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Bangkok Vaccine Evaluat Grp, Bangkok, Thailand. VaxGen Inc, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Van Griensven, F (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Collaborat, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, DDC 7 Bldg, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM favl@tuc.or.th RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0955-3959 J9 INT J DRUG POLICY JI Int. J. Drug Policy PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 171 EP 175 DI 10.1016/j.drugpo.2005.02.003 PG 5 WC Substance Abuse SC Substance Abuse GA 962DZ UT WOS:000231712500007 ER PT J AU Yameogo, KR Perry, RT Yameogo, A Kambire, C Konde, MK Nshimirimana, D Kezaala, R Hersh, BS Cairns, KL Strebel, P AF Yameogo, KR Perry, RT Yameogo, A Kambire, C Konde, MK Nshimirimana, D Kezaala, R Hersh, BS Cairns, KL Strebel, P TI Migration as a risk factor for measles after a mass vaccination campaign, Burkina Faso, 2002 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE measles; migration; Burkina Faso; Cote d'Ivoire; outbreak investigation; retrospective study; surveillance; risk factors ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; SOUTHERN AFRICA; ELIMINATION; POPULATION; RUBELLA; POLIOMYELITIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAKS AB Background Shortly after a measles supplementary immunization activity (SIA) targeting children from 9 months to 14 years of age that achieved high coverage, Burkina Faso had a large, serologically confirmed measles outbreak. To investigate the causes of this first reported failure of a widely successful measles control strategy we conducted a case-control study. Methods Serologically confirmed measles cases aged >= 9 months at the time of the SIA in 6 heavily affected districts were frequency matched on age to 3 controls recruited from people frequenting health centres in the same districts. Results Between January and July 2002, 1287 measles cases were reported throughout Burkina Faso. Of the 707 cases that were serologically confirmed, 358 (51%) were from 9 months to 14 years of age and 265 (37%) were >= 15 years of age. Among cases and controls from 9 months to 14 years of age significant risk factors for measles were lack of measles vaccination and, in the unvaccinated, recent travel to C (o) over cap te d'lvoire. Of the recent measles cases in c (o) over cap te d'Ivoire 54% were there when exposed to measles. Among adults, risk factors included non-vaccination and the lack of school attendance during childhood. Vaccine effectiveness was estimated to be 98%. Conclusions Migration of children between C (o) over cap te d'Ivoire and Burkina Faso played a major role in the failure of the SIA to interrupt measles transmission. Synchronization of measles control activities should be a high priority in countries with regions where much migration occurs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Directorate Studies & Planning, Hlth Informat Syst, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Minist Hlth, Directorate Prevent Med, Serv Vaccine Prevent, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Off World Hlth Org Represent, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. WHO, Off Africa, Vaccine Prevent Dis, Harare, Zimbabwe. WHO, Expanded Programme Immunizat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Perry, RT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RPerry@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 556 EP 564 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi001 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 937CK UT WOS:000229902000012 PM 15659463 ER PT J AU Costello, C Nelson, KE Suriyanon, V Sennun, S Tovanabutra, S Heilig, CM Shiboski, S Jamieson, DJ Robison, V Rungruenthanakit, K Duerr, A AF Costello, C Nelson, KE Suriyanon, V Sennun, S Tovanabutra, S Heilig, CM Shiboski, S Jamieson, DJ Robison, V Rungruenthanakit, K Duerr, A TI HIV-1 subtype E progression among northern Thai couples: traditional and non-traditional predictors of survival SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; survival; CD4 lymphocyte count; viral load; lymphocyte count; Thailand ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; E INFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; AIDS; ANEMIA; TIME AB Background In the continuing effort to introduce antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings, there is a need to understand differences between natural history of HIV in different populations and to identify feasible clinical measures predictive of survival. Methods We examined predictors of survival among 836 heterosexuals who were infected with HIV subtype CRF01_AE in Thailand. Results From 1993 to 1999, 269 (49.4%) men and 65 (25.7%) women died. The median time from the estimated seroconversion to death was 7.8 years (95% confidence interval 7.0-9.1). Men and women with enrolment CD4 counts < 200 cells/mu l had about 2 and I I times greater risk of death than those with CD4 counts of 200-500 and > 500, respectively. Measurements available in resource-limited settings, including total lymphocyte count (TLC), anaemia, and low body mass index (BMI), also predicted survival. Men with two or more of these predictors had a median survival of 0.8 (0.5-1.8) years, compared with 2.7 (1.9-3.3) years for one predictor and 4.9 (4.1-5.2) years for no predictors. Conclusions The time from HIV infection to death appears shorter among this Thai population than among antiretroviral naive Western populations. CD4 count and viral load (VL) were strong, independent predictors of survival. When CD4 count and VL are unavailable, individuals at high risk for shortened HIV survival may be identified by a combination of low TLC, anaemia, and low BMI. This combination of accessible clinical measures of the disease stage may be useful for medical management in resource-limited settings. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Chiang Mai Univ, Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, CONRAD, Arlington, VA 22209 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nelson, KE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E7132, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM kenelson@jhsph.edu RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008 OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 NR 23 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 577 EP 584 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi023 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 937CK UT WOS:000229902000015 PM 15737969 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK AF Rowe, AK TI Should verbal autopsy results for malaria be adjusted to improve validity? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID VALIDATION; MORTALITY; LIMITATIONS; CHILDREN; AFRICA; DEATHS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM axr9@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 712 EP 713 DI 10.1093/ije/dyi087 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 937CK UT WOS:000229902000037 PM 15833786 ER PT J AU Kong, YK Lowe, BD AF Kong, YK Lowe, BD TI Optimal cylindrical handle diameter for grip force tasks SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL ERGONOMICS LA English DT Article DE handle evaluation; tool design; finger force; subjective comfort rating ID FINGER FORCES; TOOL DESIGN; PRESSURE; FATIGUE AB This study tested maximum grip force on cylindrical aluminum handles to evaluate the relationships between handle diameter (25-50 mm diameter handles), perceived comfort, finger and phalange force distribution, and electromyographic efficiency of finger flexor and extensor muscle activity. A force glove system containing 16 thin profile force sensors was developed to measure finger and phalangeal forces on the cylindrical handles. Participants (n = 24) rated the mid-sized handles (30, 35 and 40 mm) as the most comfortable for maximum grip force exertions. Using a polynomial regression the handle diameter that maximized subjective comfort was calculated as a function of the user's hand length. This optimal handle diameter was 19.7% of the user's hand length. Total finger force capability was inversely related with handle diameter. Electromyographic amplitude of the primary flexor and extensor was unaffected by handle diameter, so the efficiency of the muscle electrical activity followed the same relationship with handle diameter as total finger force. Individual finger and phalange force distributions were examined to evaluate their relationship with perceived comfort. A non-uniform finger/phalange force distribution, in which finger force was proportional to finger muscle capabilities, exhibited a stronger correlation with subjective ratings of comfort than a uniform finger/phalange force distribution. Results obtained in this study will provide guidelines to hand-tool designers and manufacturers for maximizing handle comfort based on the user's hand size. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Kong, YK (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ykong@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 72 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-8141 J9 INT J IND ERGONOM JI Int. J. Ind. Ergon. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 495 EP 507 DI 10.1016/j.ergon.2004.11.003 PG 13 WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics SC Engineering GA 924BR UT WOS:000228954100001 ER PT J AU Link, MW Mokdad, A AF Link, MW Mokdad, A TI Leaving answering machine messages: Do they increase response rates for RDD surveys? SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC OPINION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TELEPHONE SURVEY; HOUSEHOLDS; MAIL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MLink@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0954-2892 J9 INT J PUBLIC OPIN R JI Int. J. Public Opin. Res. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 17 IS 2 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1093/ijpor/edh048 PG 12 WC Communication SC Communication GA 928QH UT WOS:000229286300007 ER PT J AU Granich, R Reichler, M AF Granich, R Reichler, M TI The role of gender and literacy in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material ID PATIENT; DELAYS C1 NCHSTP, CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NCHSTP, CDC, Div TB Elimin, Clin & Hlth Syst Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Granich, R (reprint author), NCHSTP, CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Int Res & Programs Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. EM rbg6@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 6 BP 590 EP 590 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 935GA UT WOS:000229766500002 PM 15971383 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Holguin, F Pavlin, BI Ferdinands, JM AF Mannino, DM Holguin, F Pavlin, BI Ferdinands, JM TI Risk factors for prevalence of and mortality related to restriction on spirometry: findings from the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and follow-up SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE death; spirometry; lung function; restriction on spirometry; cohort study ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; POPULATION-BASED COHORT; LUNG-FUNCTION; PULMONARY-FUNCTION; CARDIOTHORACIC RATIO; VITAL CAPACITY; UNITED-STATES; HYPERTENSION; FRAMINGHAM; PNEUMONIA AB OBJECTIVE: To define risk factors for both restriction on spirometry and subsequent mortality in a national cohort of US adults. METHODS: Participants in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 1) were followed for up to 22 years. Subjects were classified using the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the forced vital capacity (FVC), and the FEV1/FVC ratio into subgroups with and without restriction on spirometry. Regression models were developed to determine risk factors for restriction on spirometry and death. RESULTS: Our final cohort consisted of 4320 subjects, of whom 481 (10.3 weighted %) had restriction on spirometry. The largest risk factors for restriction on spirometry were a cardiothoracic ratio of > 55% (OR 4.3, 95%CI 3.1-5.9), race other than black or white (OR 3.7, 95%CI 1.8-7.8), and a history of stroke or paralysis (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.1-2.9). The overall mortality rate was increased in subjects with restriction on spirometry (25.7 vs. 10.3 deaths per 1000 person-years). CONCLUSIONS: Restriction on spirometry is associated with comorbid disease and increased mortality, and is present in a significant proportion of the population. C1 Univ Kentucky, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Chandler Med Ctr, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Chandler Med Ctr, 800 Rose St,MN 614, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM dmannino@uky.edu OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 37 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 6 BP 613 EP 621 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 935GA UT WOS:000229766500006 PM 15971387 ER PT J AU Laserson, KF Thorpe, LE Leimane, V Weyer, K Mitnick, CD Riekstina, V Zarovska, E Rich, ML Fraser, HSF Alarcon, E Cegielski, JR Grzemska, M Gupta, R Espinal, M AF Laserson, KF Thorpe, LE Leimane, V Weyer, K Mitnick, CD Riekstina, V Zarovska, E Rich, ML Fraser, HSF Alarcon, E Cegielski, JR Grzemska, M Gupta, R Espinal, M TI Speaking the same language: treatment outcome definitions for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE multi drug-resistant TB; definitions; treatment outcome; cohort analysis ID RURAL SOUTH-AFRICA; CLINICAL OUTCOMES; SPUTUM MICROSCOPY; EMERGENCE; RIFAMPIN; THERAPY; HEALTH; CITY AB SETTING: Globally it is estimated that 273000 new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB, resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin) occurred in 2000. To address MDR-TB management in the context of the DOTS strategy, the World Health Organization and partners have been promoting an expanded treatment strategy called DOTS-Plus. However, standard definitions for MDR-TB patient registration and treatment outcomes do not exist. OBJECTIVE: To propose a standardized set of case registration groups and treatment outcome definitions for MDR-TB and procedures for conducting cohort analyses under the DOTS-Plus strategy. DESIGN: Using published definitions for drug-susceptible TB as a guide, a 2-year-long series of meetings, conferences, and correspondence was undertaken to review published literature and country-specific program experience, and to develop international agreement. RESULTS: Definitions were designed for MDR-TB patient categorization, smear and culture conversion, and treatment outcomes (cure, treatment completion, death, default, failure, transfer out). Standards for conducting outcome analyses were developed to ensure comparability between programs. CONCLUSION: Optimal management strategies for MDR-TB have not been evaluated in controlled clinical trials. Standardized definitions and cohort analyses will facilitate assessment and comparison of program performance. These data will contribute to the evidence base to inform decision makers on approaches to MDR-TB control. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. State Ctr TB & Lung Dis, Riga, Latvia. MRC, Pretoria, South Africa. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Program Infect Dis & Social Change, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl TB Program, Lima, Peru. Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Laserson, KF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ke14@cdc.gov RI Fraser, Hamish/E-3773-2013 NR 44 TC 180 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 7 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 6 BP 640 EP 645 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 935GA UT WOS:000229766500010 PM 15971391 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ AF Khoury, MJ TI Genetics and public health SO ISSUES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM mkhoury@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0748-5492 J9 ISSUES SCI TECHNOL JI Issues Sci. Technol. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 15 EP 16 PG 2 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Industrial; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Social Issues SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Social Issues GA 941KN UT WOS:000230213800017 ER PT J AU Herbst, JH Sherba, RT Crepaz, N DeLuca, JB Zohrabyan, L Stall, RD Lyles, CM AF Herbst, JH Sherba, RT Crepaz, N DeLuca, JB Zohrabyan, L Stall, RD Lyles, CM CA HIV-AIDS Prevention Res Synth Team TI A meta-analytic review of HIV behavioral interventions for reducing sexual risk behavior of men who have sex with men SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Review DE HIV/AIDS prevention; behavioral interventions; sex risk behaviors; men who have sex with men; meta-analysis ID BISEXUAL MALE-ADOLESCENTS; GAY MEN; PREVENTION INTERVENTION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; SERVICE PROVIDERS; REDUCTION INTERVENTION; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; TECHNOLOGY-TRANSFER; MPOWERMENT PROJECT; RANDOMIZED TRIAL AB This meta-analysis examines the efficacy of international HIV prevention interventions designed to reduce sexual risk behavior of men who have sex with men (MSM). We performed a comprehensive search of published and unpublished English-language reports of HIV prevention interventions that focus on MSM and evaluated changes in risky sexual behavior or biologic outcomes related to sexual risk. Data from 33 studies described in 65 reports were available as of July 2003. Studies with insufficient data to calculate effect sizes were excluded from the meta-analysis. Interventions were associated with a significant decrease in unprotected anal intercourse (odds ratio [OR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.65-0.92) and number of sexual partners (OR = 0.85, 95% Cl: 0.61-0.94) and with a significant increase in condom use during anal intercourse (OR = 1.61, 95% Cl: 1.16-2.22). Interventions successful in reducing risky sexual behavior were based on theoretic models, included interpersonal skills training, incorporated several delivery methods, and were delivered over multiple sessions spanning a minimum of 3 weeks. Behavioral interventions provide an efficacious means of HIV prevention for MSM. To the extent that proven HIV prevention interventions for MSM can be successfully replicated in community settings and adapted and tailored to different situations, the effectiveness of current HIV prevention efforts can be increased. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Northrop Grumman Mission Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Herbst, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NCHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jherbst@cdc.gov NR 105 TC 157 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 29 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 228 EP 241 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 930UZ UT WOS:000229443900016 PM 15905741 ER PT J AU Costello, C Nelson, KE Jamieson, DJ Spacek, L Sennun, S Tovanabutra, S Rungruengthanakit, K Suriyanon, V Duerr, A AF Costello, C Nelson, KE Jamieson, DJ Spacek, L Sennun, S Tovanabutra, S Rungruengthanakit, K Suriyanon, V Duerr, A TI Predictors of low CD4 count in resource-limited settings - Based on an antiretroviral-naive heterosexual Thai population SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; Thailand; CD4 lymphocyte count; lymphocyte count; body mass index; anemia; survival ID TOTAL LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PERCENTAGE; ANEMIA AB A barrier to the appropriate provision of antiretroviral therapy to treat immunosuppressed HIV-infected persons in resource-poor countries is identifying who requires treatment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has suggested using a clinical algorithm combined with a total lymphocyte count (TLC) < 1200 cells/mm(3) as a surrogate for a CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm(3) when it is not possible to measure the CD4 count. We evaluated various TLC levels, anemia, and body mass index and compared our data with the WHO criteria to develop a more sensitive algorithm to predict CD4 counts of <200 cells/mm(3) and <350 cells/mm(3) in 839 men and women from Thailand infected with HIV-1 subtype E (CRF01_AE). The December 2003 WHO guidelines had a sensitivity of 34.1% in men and 31.8% in women to detect persons with a CD4 count <200 cells/mm(3) in this HIV-infected population from Thailand. The use of a TLC < 1500 cells/mm(3) or TLC <2000 cells/mm(3) combined with anemia or WHO stage II infection doubled the sensitivity to detect persons with a CD4 count <200 (63.0% in men, 68.2% in women) with less than a 6% decrease in specificity. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Northrop Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. Res Inst Hlth Sci, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. RP Nelson, KE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM kenelson@jhsph.edu NR 16 TC 9 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 242 EP 248 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 930UZ UT WOS:000229443900017 PM 15905742 ER PT J AU Bang, KM Mazurek, JM AF Bang, KM Mazurek, JM TI Silicosis mortality, prevention, and control - United States, 1968-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 401-405, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Resp Dis Studies, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bang, KM (reprint author), CDC, Div Resp Dis Studies, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 21 BP 2585 EP 2586 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 930UU UT WOS:000229443400006 ER PT J AU Arendt, A Carmean, J Koch, E Rolfs, R Mottice, S Strausbaugh, VL Liedtke, L Srinivasan, A Hageman, J Jernigan, D Kuehnert, A Rao, P Kazakova, S Porucznik, C AF Arendt, A Carmean, J Koch, E Rolfs, R Mottice, S Strausbaugh, VL Liedtke, L Srinivasan, A Hageman, J Jernigan, D Kuehnert, A Rao, P Kazakova, S Porucznik, C TI Fatal bacterial infections associated with platelet transfusions - United States, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 168-170, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CONTAMINATED PLATELETS; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE C1 Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Infect Dis Soc Amer Emerging Infect Network, Alexandria, VA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 21 BP 2586 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 930UU UT WOS:000229443400007 ER PT J AU Wasfy, MO Pimentel, G Abdel-Maksoud, M Russell, KL Barrozo, CP Klena, JD Earhart, K Hajjeh, R AF Wasfy, MO Pimentel, G Abdel-Maksoud, M Russell, KL Barrozo, CP Klena, JD Earhart, K Hajjeh, R TI Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing meningitis in Egypt, 1998-2003 SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE pneumococci; serotypes; surveillance; vaccines ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINES; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; INVASIVE DISEASE; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; INFLUENZAE AB Objectives: To determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of 205 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, collected from the CSF of meningitis patients identified between 1998-2003, during sentinel meningitis surveillance in Egypt. Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated against six antibiotics using disc diffusion and Etest methods. Serotyping was performed by latex agglutination and the Quellung test. Results: Forty-nine percent of all isolates were found to be non-susceptible to penicillin (46% intermediate, MIC range 0.12-1.0 mg/L; 3% resistant, MIC = 2.0 mg/L), and 6% of the isolates were nonsusceptible to ceftriaxone (5% intermediate, MIC = 1.0 mg/L; 1.3% resistant, MIC 2 mg/L). Resistance rates for tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were high (52 and 59.7%, respectively), but those for erythromycin and chloramphenicol were lower (11 and 9%, respectively). Five serotypes (613, 1, 19A, 23F and 6A) accounted for 37% of the total isolates. Ten isolates (5%) were non-typeable. Overall, 29 and 42% of serotypes were represented in the 7- and 11-valent conjugate vaccines, respectively. However, vaccine coverage for children < 2 years was 38 and 56% for the 7- and 11-valent, respectively. Conclusions: Resistance to penicillin may be increasing among S. pneumoniae strains causing meningitis in Egypt, and a moderate proportion of these strains are not covered by current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. In addition to intensifying education efforts about judicious use of antibiotics, laboratory-based surveillance for other forms of invasive pneumococcal disease, especially pneumonia, is needed before decisions can be made regarding the most effective vaccines for control of this disease in Egypt. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wasfy, MO (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. EM wasfym@namru3.med.navy.mil RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013; OI Pimentel, Guillermo/0000-0003-2464-1526 NR 43 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 55 IS 6 BP 958 EP 964 DI 10.1093/jac/dki101 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 938UE UT WOS:000230028100025 PM 15820983 ER PT J AU Maciejewski, ML Patrick, DL Williamson, DF AF Maciejewski, ML Patrick, DL Williamson, DF TI A structured review of randomized controlled trials of weight loss showed little improvement in health-related quality of life SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE body weight; weight loss; body mass index; health status; quality of life; depression ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; LOW-ENERGY DIET; CLINICAL-TRIALS; MORBID-OBESITY; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-ADULTS; DOUBLE-BLIND AB Objective: To estimate the effect of weight-loss interventions on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs); to conduct a meta-analysis of weight-loss treatment on depressive symptoms; and, to examine methodological and presentation issues that compromise study validity. Study Design and Setting: We conducted a structured review of 34 RCTs with weight-loss interventions that reported the relationship between HrQoL and treatment at two or more time points. We also evaluated study quality. Results: Trials lasted 6 weeks to 208 weeks and evaluated behavioral, surgical, or pharmacologic interventions. Nine of 34 trials showed HrQoL improvements in generic measures. Obesity-specific measures were more likely to show improvement in response to treatment than non-obesity-specific measures. Meta-analysis showed no treatment effect on depressive symptoms. Most trials tracked loss to follow-up and conducted intent-to-treat analysis, but only four trials concealed recruitment staff to randomization and 14 blinded the investigation team to randomization. Conclusion: HrQoL outcomes, including depression, were not consistently improved in RCTs of weight loss. The overall quality of these clinical trials was poor. Better-designed RCTs using standardized HrQoL measures are needed to determine the extent to which weight loss improves HrQoL. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, NW Ctr Outcomes Res Older Adults, Vet Affairs Puget Sound Care Syst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maciejewski, ML (reprint author), Univ Washington, NW Ctr Outcomes Res Older Adults, Vet Affairs Puget Sound Care Syst, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM mlmaciej@u.washington.edu NR 66 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 568 EP 578 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.10.015 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 929MK UT WOS:000229350000004 PM 15878470 ER PT J AU Ahmed, F Janes, GR Baron, R Latts, LM AF Ahmed, F Janes, GR Baron, R Latts, LM CA Colorado Anthem Blue Cross Blue Sh TI Preferred provider organization claims showed high predictive value but missed substantial proportion of adults with high-risk conditions SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insurance claims review; influenza vaccine; chronic disease; preferred provider organizations; medical records; validation studies ID CHRONIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; HOSPITALIZATIONS; CHILDREN; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMICS; MORTALITY; DEATHS; IMPACT; CODES AB Background and Objective: We assessed the validity and utility of a claims-based ICD-9-CM algorithm for identifying preferred provider organization (PPO) enrollees ages 18-64 years at high risk for influenza complications. Methods: PPO enrollees with >= 2 encounters in an ambulatory setting or >= 1 encounters in an inpatient or emergency room setting with ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes for the high-risk conditions were considered algorithm positive. Stratified random sampling was used to select 1,001 algorithm-positive and 330 algorithm-negative enrollees for medical chart abstractions. Results: The prevalence of high-risk conditions using claims data was 2.5% compared to 18.2% according to medical records. The algorithm had a sensitivity of 12% and a specificity of 99%. Positive and negative predictive values were 87 and 84%, respectively. Sensitivity was twofold higher among adults aged 50-64 years than among younger adults (17 vs. 9%). Applying an algorithm definition of >= 1 encounters in any setting resulted in an increased sensitivity, but captured a higher proportion of false positives. Conclusion: A claims-positive record was highly indicative of the presence of high-fisk conditions, but such claims missed a large proportion of PPO enrollees with high-risk conditions. It is important to assess the validity of administrative data in different age groups. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Program Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Denver, CO 80010 USA. RP Ahmed, F (reprint author), CDCP, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Program Epidemiol, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM fahmed@dc.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 6 BP 624 EP 628 DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.11.020 PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 929MK UT WOS:000229350000011 PM 16028341 ER PT J AU Zelazny, AM Ferraro, MJ Glennen, A Hindler, JF Mann, LM Munro, S Murray, PR Reller, LB Tenover, FC Jorgensen, JH AF Zelazny, AM Ferraro, MJ Glennen, A Hindler, JF Mann, LM Munro, S Murray, PR Reller, LB Tenover, FC Jorgensen, JH TI Selection of strains for quality assessment of the disk induction method for detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci: a CLSI collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; AUREUS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MACROLIDES AB A nine-laboratory collaborative study was conducted to select positive and negative quality assessment control strains for the detection of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococci. Four strains of Staphylococcus aureus were tested as unknowns on 10 different days in each laboratory using the recently recommended CLSI (formerly NCCLS) disk diffusion method and the inoculum purity control method. Strains contained either macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) resistance genes encoded by erm(A) or erm(C) or a macrolide resistance efflux pump encoded by msr(A). Based upon the results of this study, strain UT 32 (now designated ATCC strain BAA-977) containing erm(A) is recommended as the positive control organism for inducible clindamycin resistance. Strain UT 25 (now designated ATCC BAA-976), which harbors the efflux pump encoded by msr(A), is recommended as the negative control organism. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. NIH, Microbiol Serv, Dept Lab Med, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Microbiol Lab,Clin Microbiol Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90025 USA. Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Dallas, TX 75246 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Clin Microbiol Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jorgensen, JH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM jorgensen@uthscsa.edu NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2613 EP 2615 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.6.2613-2615.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 936SF UT WOS:000229875000012 PM 15956373 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Hira, PR Zhou, L Al-Ali, FM Al-Shelahi, FA Shweiki, HM Iqbal, J Khalid, N Xiao, LH AF Sulaiman, IM Hira, PR Zhou, L Al-Ali, FM Al-Shelahi, FA Shweiki, HM Iqbal, J Khalid, N Xiao, LH TI Unique endemicity of Cryptosporidiosis in children in Kuwait SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; TRANSMISSION CYCLES; MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; UNITED-KINGDOM; PUBLIC-HEALTH; MOUTH-DISEASE; NEW-ZEALAND; PARVUM; HUMANS; INFECTION AB To understand the transmission of Cryptosporidium infection in children, fecal specimens from 62 Kuwaiti children with gastrointestinal symptoms found to be positive by microscopy were genotyped and subtyped with a small subunit rRNA-based PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and a 60-kDa glycoprotein-based DNA sequencing tool. The median age of infected children was 4.5 years, and 77% of infections occurred during the cool season of November to April. Fifty-eight of the children (94%) had Cryptosporidium parvum, three (5%) had Cryptosporidium hominis, and one (1%) had both C. parvum and C. hominis. Altogether, 13 subtypes of C. parvum (belonging to four subtype allele families) and C. hominis (belonging to three subtype allele families) were observed, with 92% of specimens belonging to the common allelle family IIa and the unusual allele family IId. Thus, the transmission of cryptosporidiosis in Kuwaiti children differed significantly from other tropical countries. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Safat, Kuwait. Farwaniya Dist Hosp, Dept Labs, Farwaniya, Kuwait. Jahara Hosp, Dept Labs, Al Jahra, Kuwait. Mubarak Hosp, Dept Labs, Kuwait, Kuwait. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv, Bldg 22,Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lxiao@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 36 TC 239 Z9 249 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 2805 EP 2809 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.6.2805-2809.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 936SF UT WOS:000229875000040 PM 15956401 ER PT J AU German, RR Thompson, TD Stewart, SL Friedman, C Wingo, P AF German, RR Thompson, TD Stewart, SL Friedman, C Wingo, P TI Geographic patterns of prostate cancer incidence and mortality - United States, 2001. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 13-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 16 SU S BP 415S EP 415S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 943BK UT WOS:000230326602480 ER PT J AU Stewart, SL Thompson, TD German, RR Cardinez, CJ Friedman, C Wingo, PA AF Stewart, SL Thompson, TD German, RR Cardinez, CJ Friedman, C Wingo, PA TI Geographic patterns of gynecologic cancer incidence and mortality. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Clinical-Oncology CY MAY 13-17, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Soc Clin Oncol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL ONCOLOGY PI ALEXANDRIA PA 2318 MILL ROAD, STE 800, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0732-183X EI 1527-7755 J9 J CLIN ONCOL JI J. Clin. Oncol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 16 SU S BP 477S EP 477S PN 1 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 943BK UT WOS:000230326603136 ER PT J AU Lackland, D Zhang, X Abell, J Lipsitz, S Liao, Y McGee, D AF Lackland, D Zhang, X Abell, J Lipsitz, S Liao, Y McGee, D TI Increased cardiovascular disease risks for white and black men and women with prehypertyension SO JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th European Meeting on Hypertension CY JUN 17-21, 2005 CL Milan, ITALY SP European Soc Hypertens, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Boehringer Ingelheim, MSD, NOVARTIS, RECORDATI, SANKYO, Sanofi Aventis, Bayer Healthcare AG, Pfizer Inc, Solvay Pharmaceut GmbH C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Mt Pleasant, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0263-6352 J9 J HYPERTENS JI J. Hypertens. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 23 SU 2 BP S298 EP S298 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 947JO UT WOS:000230639802077 ER PT J AU Moore, AC AF Moore, AC TI Prospects for improving African trypanosomiasis chemotherapy SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID GAMBIENSE SLEEPING SICKNESS; BRUCEI-GAMBIENSE; GAMBIAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; MELARSOPROL; EFLORNITHINE; TRANSPORTER; SCHEDULE; EFFICACY; FAILURE; UGANDA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Moore, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, M-S F-22,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM aym2@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 11 BP 1793 EP 1795 DI 10.1086/429935 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 923AN UT WOS:000228881100003 PM 15871110 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Karem, KL Sternberg, MR Stone, KM Unger, ER Reeves, WC Markowitz, LE AF Dunne, EF Karem, KL Sternberg, MR Stone, KM Unger, ER Reeves, WC Markowitz, LE TI Seroprevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 in children SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st International Papillomavirus Conference CY FEB 20-26, 2004 CL Mexico City, MEXICO ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; NATURAL-HISTORY; INFECTION; WOMEN; ANTIBODIES; SERORESPONSES; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; RESPONSES AB We evaluated the prevalence of antibodies to human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 in a representative sample of children 6-11 years of age in the United States. Serum samples and questionnaire data were collected between 1991 and 1994, for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. HPV-16-specific immunoglobulin G antibodies were detected by an HPV-16 L1 virus-like particle-based enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Overall, 2.4% of 1316 children 6-11 years of age were seropositive. Seroprevalence was higher in boys than in girls (3.5% vs. 1.2%; P = .08) and in children >7 years of age than in children &LE; 7 years of age (3.3% vs. 0.4%; P < .05). None of the variables tested for, including race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and urban or rural residence, were significantly associated with HPV-16 seropositivity. To explain HPV-16 seropositivity in this population, further study is required. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dunne, EF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dde9@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 11 BP 1817 EP 1819 DI 10.1086/430274 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 923AN UT WOS:000228881100006 PM 15871113 ER PT J AU Park, BJ Sigel, K Vaz, V Komatsu, K McRill, C Phelan, M Colman, T Comrie, AC Warnock, DW Galgiani, JN Hajjeh, RA AF Park, BJ Sigel, K Vaz, V Komatsu, K McRill, C Phelan, M Colman, T Comrie, AC Warnock, DW Galgiani, JN Hajjeh, RA TI An epidemic of coccidioidomycosis in Arizona associated with climatic changes, 1998-2001 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 09-12, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID RISK-FACTORS; VACCINE; IMMITIS; OUTBREAK; INCREASE; DISEASE AB Background. Reports of coccidioidomycosis cases in Arizona have increased substantially. We investigated factors associated with the increase. Methods. We analyzed the National Electronic Telecommunications System for Surveillance (NETSS) data from 1998 to 2001 and used Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to map high-incidence areas in Maricopa County. Poisson regression analysis was performed to assess the effect of climatic and environmental factors on the number of monthly cases; a model was developed and tested to predict outbreaks. Results. The overall incidence in 2001 was 43 cases/100,000 population, a significant (P < .01, test for trend) increase from 1998 (33 cases/100,000 population); the highest age-specific rate was in persons &GE; 65 years old (79 cases/100,000 population in 2001). Analysis of NETSS data by season indicated high-incidence periods during the winter (November-February). GIS analysis showed that the highest-incidence areas were in the periphery of Phoenix. Multivariable Poisson regression modeling revealed that a combination of certain climatic and environmental factors were highly correlated with seasonal outbreaks (R-2 = 0.75). Conclusions. Coccidioidomycosis in Arizona has increased. Its incidence is driven by seasonal outbreaks associated with environmental and climatic changes. Our study may allow public-health officials to predict seasonal outbreaks in Arizona and to alert the public and physicians early, so that appropriate preventive measures can be implemented. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geog & Reg Dev, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Valley Fever Ctr Excellence, Tucson, AZ USA. So Arizona VA Hlth Care Syst, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Park, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bip5@cdc.gov OI Sigel, Keith/0000-0002-4051-4861 NR 24 TC 59 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 11 BP 1981 EP 1987 DI 10.1086/430092 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 923AN UT WOS:000228881100026 PM 15871133 ER PT J AU Ashley, K Harper, M AF Ashley, K Harper, M TI Analytical performance criteria - ASTM International Standards for Monitoring Chemical Hazards in Workplaces SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Ashley, K (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 6 BP D44 EP D47 DI 10.1080/15459620590949093 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 932LB UT WOS:000229554100002 PM 16020085 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA AF Schulte, PA TI Characterizing the burden of occupational injury and disease SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES; WORKERS-COMPENSATION; GLOBAL BURDEN; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; INTERVENTION RESEARCH; HEALTH INTERVENTIONS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS AB Objectives: To review the literature on the burden of occupational disease and injury and to provide a comprehensive characterization of the burden. Methods: The scientific and governmental literature from 1990 to the present was searched and evaluated. Thirty-eight studies illustrative of the burden of occupational disease were reviewed for findings, methodology, strengths, and limitations. Results: Recent U.S. estimates Of occupational mortality and morbidity include approximately 55, 000 deaths (eighth leading cause) and 3.8 million disabling injuries per year, respectively. Comprehensive estimates of U.S. costs related to these burdens range between $128 billion and $155 billion per year. Despite these significant indicators, occupational morbidity, mortality, and risks are not well characterized in comparative burden assessments. Conclusions: The magnitude of occupational disease and injury burden is significant but underestimated. There is a need for an integrated approach to address these underestimates. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-C14,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov NR 130 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 47 IS 6 BP 607 EP 622 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000165086.25595.9d PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 935MU UT WOS:000229787200012 PM 15951721 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH AF Dietz, WH TI Physical activity recommendations: Where do we go from here? SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; LONGITUDINAL CHANGES; SELF-MANAGEMENT; ADOLESCENTS; EXERCISE; FATNESS; OBESE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MSK-24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcd4@cvdc.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 146 IS 6 BP 719 EP 720 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.03.035 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 941BB UT WOS:000230188500002 PM 15973303 ER PT J AU Than, LC Honein, MA Watkins, ML Yoon, PW Daniel, KL Correa, A AF Than, LC Honein, MA Watkins, ML Yoon, PW Daniel, KL Correa, A TI Intent to become pregnant as a predictor of exposures during pregnancy - Is there a relation? SO JOURNAL OF REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-and-Perinatal-Epidemiology-Research CY JUN 12-13, 2001 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP Soc Pediat Perinatal Epidemiol Res DE planned pregnancy; unplanned pregnancy; smoking; alcohol drinking ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; COCAINE USE; ALCOHOL-USE; MATERNAL BEHAVIORS; PRETERM BIRTH; PRENATAL-CARE; UNITED-STATES; FOLIC-ACID; SMOKING; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between intent to be pregnant and selected maternal exposures during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: In 19821983, 3,029 women who gave birth to infants without birth defects from 1968-1980 (the control mothers from a large case-control study of birth defects) completed a detailed telephone interview. This analysis examined behaviors reported in the third month of pregnancy because most women would be aware of their pregnancies by the end of the first trimester, and our primary interest was assessing exposures that occurred after pregnancy recognition. RESULTS: Women who reported unintended pregnancies tended to be younger, nonwhite and less educated, and tended to have higher gravidity than women who reported intended pregnancies. After adjusting for maternal age, education, race and previous adverse pregnancy outcome, women who reported unintended pregnancies were more likely to report smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 1.7), illicit drug use (OR= 3.4, 95% CI 1.9, 6.4), not taking vitamins (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.2, 1.7), and alcohol use (OR= 1.2, 95% CI 0.99, 1.4) than women who had intended pregnancies. No association was observed between pregnancy intention and medication use. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that women who report having unintended pregnancies are more likely to have some exposures that may result in adverse pregnancy outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCI PRINTERS & PUBL INC PI ST LOUIS PA PO DRAWER 12425 8342 OLIVE BLVD, ST LOUIS, MO 63132 USA SN 0024-7758 J9 J REPROD MED JI J. Reprod. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 6 BP 389 EP 396 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 936MD UT WOS:000229859200003 PM 16050563 ER PT J AU Hughes, S Zweifler, J Schafer, S Smith, MA Athwal, S Blossom, HJ AF Hughes, S Zweifler, J Schafer, S Smith, MA Athwal, S Blossom, HJ TI High school census tract information predicts practice in rural and minority communities SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS; PHYSICIANS; CARE; AREAS AB Purpose: Identify census-derived characteristics of residency graduates' high school communities that predict practice in rural, medically underserved, and high minority-population settings. Methods: Cohort study of 214 graduates of the University of California, San Francisco-Fresno Family Practice Residency Program (UCSF-Fresno) from its establishment in 1970 through 2000. Rural-urban commuting area code; education, racial, and ethnic distribution; median income; population; and federal designation as a medically underserved area were collected for census tracts of each graduate's (1) high school address and (2) practice location. Findings: Twenty-one percent of graduates practice in rural areas, 28% practice in areas with high proportions of minority population (high minority areas), and 35% practice in federally designated medically underserved areas. Graduation from high school in a rural census tract was associated with rural practice (P < .01). Of those practicing in a rural site, 32% graduated from a rural high school, as compared with 11% of nonrural practitioners. Graduation from high school in a census tract with a higher proportion of minorities was associated with practice in a proportionally high minority community (P = .01). For those practicing in a high-minority setting, the median minority percentage of the high school census tract was 31%, compared with 16% for people not practicing in a high minority area. No characteristics of the high school census tract were predictive of practice in a medically underserved area. Conclusion: Census data from the residency graduate's high school predicted rural practice and practice in a proportionally high minority community, but not in a federally designated medically underserved area. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Educ Program, Fresno, CA 93701 USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Clin Raza, Vallejo, CA USA. Touro Univ, Coll Osteopath Med, Vallejo, CA USA. Calif Area Hlth Educ Ctr, Fresno, CA USA. RP Hughes, S (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Med Educ Program, 155 N Fresno St, Fresno, CA 93701 USA. EM susan.hughes@fresno.ucsf.edu FU PHS HHS [5 D39 HP 00023-09] NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL RURAL HEALTH ASSOC PI KANSAS CITY PA ONE WEST ARMOUR BLVD, STE 301, KANSAS CITY, MO 64111 USA SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD SUM PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 228 EP 232 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2005.tb00087.x PG 5 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 966JX UT WOS:000232017100007 PM 16092296 ER PT J AU Martin, SL Kirkner, GJ Mayo, K Matthews, CE Durstine, JL Hebert, JR AF Martin, SL Kirkner, GJ Mayo, K Matthews, CE Durstine, JL Hebert, JR TI Urban, rural, and regional variations in physical activity SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEART-DISEASE MORTALITY; UNITED-STATES; SEASONAL-VARIATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; WHITE WOMEN; DECLINE; ONSET; OLDER AB Purpose: There is some speculation about geographic differences in physical activity (PA) levels. We examined the prevalence of physical inactivity (PIA) and whether LIS citizens met the recommended levels of PA across the United States. In addition, the association between PTA/PA and degree of urbanization in the 4 main. US regions (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West) was determined. Methods: Participants were 178,161 respondents to the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Data from 49 states and the District of Columbia were included (excluding Alaska). States were categorized by urban status according to the US Department of Agriculture. Physical activity variables were those commonly used in national surveillance systems (PIA = no leisure-time PA; and PA = meeting a PA recommendation). Results: Nationally, PA levels were higher in urban areas than in rural areas; correspondingly, PIA levels were higher in rural areas than in urban areas. Regionally, the urban-rural differences were most striking in the South and were, in fact, often absent in other regions. Demographic factors appeared to modify the association. Conclusion: The association between PA and degree of urbanization is evident and robust in the South but cannot be generalized to all regions of the United States. For them most part, the perience any Midwest and the Northeast do not ex-relationship between PA and urbanization, whereas, in the West, the trend appears to be opposite of that observed in the South. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, PAHB, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Nursing, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Martin, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, PAHB, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM SJL2@cdc.gov RI matthews, Charles/E-8073-2015 OI matthews, Charles/0000-0001-8037-3103 NR 23 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATL RURAL HEALTH ASSOC PI KANSAS CITY PA ONE WEST ARMOUR BLVD, STE 301, KANSAS CITY, MO 64111 USA SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD SUM PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 239 EP 244 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2005.tb00089.x PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 966JX UT WOS:000232017100009 PM 16092298 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Li, JM McKenna, MT AF Hall, HI Li, JM McKenna, MT TI HIV in predominantly rural areas of the United States SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; AIDS; MIGRATION; EPIDEMIC; DISEASE; ADULTS; CARE AB Background: The burden of HIV/AIDS has not been described for certain rural areas of the United States (Appalachia, the Southeast Region, the Mississippi Delta, and the US-Mexico Border), where barriers to receiving HIV services include rural residence, poverty, unemployment, and lack of education. Methods: We used data from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) HIV/AIDS Reporting System to determine the rates of HIV (data from 29 states) and AIDS diagnoses (data from 50 states and the District of Columbia) in 2000 for the 4 regions by demographic and residential (rural and economic indicators of county of residence) characteristics. Results: The rate of HIV diagnoses in 2000 was lower in rural areas (7.3 per 100,000) than in suburban (8.6 per 100,000) or urban areas (22.7 per 100,000). The highest race-adjusted rate was observed for the LIS-Mexico Border (21.1 per 100,000), followed by the Mississippi Delta N 7.3 per 100,000), Southeast Region (14.7 per 100,000), and Appalachia (10.4 per 100,000). Heterosexually acquired HIV was more common in the Southeast Region and the Mississippi Delta than elsewhere. The Mississippi Delta had the highest proportion of HIV diagnoses among young people aged 13-24 years (18.4%). More than three quarters of people diagnosed with HIV in the Mississippi Delta and the Southeast Region were black, and diagnosis rates were higher among blacks and Hispanics than whites in all regions. The distribution of demographic and residential characteristics among people with AIDS was similar to that of all people with a diagnosis of HIV. Conclusion: Strategies are needed to reach the populations of these areas to reduce transmission of HIV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ixh1@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL RURAL HEALTH ASSOC PI KANSAS CITY PA ONE WEST ARMOUR BLVD, STE 301, KANSAS CITY, MO 64111 USA SN 0890-765X J9 J RURAL HEALTH JI J. Rural Health PD SUM PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 245 EP 253 DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2005.tb00090.x PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 966JX UT WOS:000232017100010 PM 16092299 ER PT J AU Redd, JT Van Beneden, C Soter, NA Hatzimemos, E Cohen, DE AF Redd, JT Van Beneden, C Soter, NA Hatzimemos, E Cohen, DE TI Performance of a rapid dermatology referral system during the anthrax outbreak SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The bioterrorism-related anthrax outbreak generated unanticipated demand for dermatologic services. In this study we sought to perform rapid, efficient, cost-effective evaluation of patients suspected of having cutaneous anthrax. During the outbreak, we developed an anthrax evaluation system featuring clinical field examination by nondermatologist physicians, followed by rapid referral of selected high-risk patients to a centralized dermatology center. We excluded anthrax in 29 previously screened high-risk patients. All were examined within 24 hours, costing $272.07 per patient. Diagnoses were established quickly (median, same day; range, 0-15 days). Among 2259 at-risk postal workers, 144 (6.4%) self-identified new (<= 14 days) skin lesions and were examined in the field; 8 (5.6%) were referred to our system. Our system was not the only local dermatologic resource available during the outbreak. A system featuring initial nondermatologist examination with minimal laboratory evaluation, followed by rapid centralized referral of high-risk patients, functioned efficiently in this outbreak. C1 CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NYU, Sch Med, Ronald O Perelman Dept Dermatol, New York, NY USA. RP Redd, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Branch, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM john.redd@ihs.gov OI Soter, Nicholas/0000-0003-3518-3209 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 6 BP 1077 EP 1081 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2005.02.047 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 931VL UT WOS:000229513500023 PM 15928632 ER PT J AU Johnson, TM Sattin, RW Parmelee, P Fultz, NH Ouslander, JG AF Johnson, TM Sattin, RW Parmelee, P Fultz, NH Ouslander, JG TI Evaluating potentially modifiable risk factors for prevalent and incident nocturia in older adults SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the International-Continence-Society/International-UroGynecological-Associat ion CY AUG 25-27, 2004 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Int Continence Soc, Int UroGynecolog Assoc DE nocturia; aging; fluid intake; hypertension; epidemiology ID BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA; HEALTH SCREENING PROJECT; URINARY-TRACT SYMPTOMS; ELDERLY-MEN; INCONTINENCE; COMMUNITY; HYPERTENSION; COMMITTEE; POLYURIA; QUALITY AB OBJECTIVES: To examine associations between nocturia and potentially modifiable risk factors in older adults. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal data. SETTING: Respondents were selected using population-based sampling, drawing from a single Michigan county in 1983. They were followed through 1990. PARTICIPANTS: Community-living adults aged 60 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Episodes of nocturia, development of nocturia at 2 years after baseline survey, age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, drinking fluids before bedtime, amount of fluid intake before bedtime, diuretic use, and 24-hour coffee intake. All measures were self-reported. RESULTS: Bivariate cross-sectional analysis revealed significant associations with two or more episodes of nocturia for hypertension (odds ratio (OR)=1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.37-2.1), diabetes mellitus (OR=1.51, 95% CI=1.1-2.0), diuretic use (OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.3-2.1), age (OR=1.05 per additional year over 60, 95% 1.03-1.06), and number of cups of coffee (OR=0.93 for each cup of coffee, 95% CI=0.89-0.97). In multivariate analysis, hypertension (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.2-1.9), diuretic use (OR=1.3, 95% 95% CI=1.0-1.7), and age (OR=1.04 per additional year over 60, 95% 1.03-1.06) were independently associated with two or more nocturia episodes per night. No baseline factors predicted future development of nocturia (save for age, in one model). CONCLUSION: Hypertension, older age, and diuretic use were independently associated with two or more episodes of nocturia in cross-sectional analysis. No baseline factor was related to the development of nocturia over a 2-year interval in this sample. Nighttime fluid intake and coffee intake, practices providers commonly target in patients with nocturia, were not associated with nocturia in this population-based sample of community-living older adults. C1 Birmingham Atlanta GRECC, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Birmingham Atlanta Vet Affiars Geriatr Res Educ &, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Ctr Hlth Aging, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Geriatr Med & Gerontol, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Wesley Woods Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury & Disabil Outcomes & Programs, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Inst Res Women & Gender, Ann Arbor, MI USA. RP Johnson, TM (reprint author), Birmingham Atlanta GRECC, 508-11B,Atlanta VAMC,1670 Clairmont Rd, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. EM Ted.Johnson@med.va.gov FU NICHD NIH HHS [K12 HD01438] NR 30 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1011 EP 1016 DI 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53321.x PG 6 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 928NV UT WOS:000229279500014 PM 15935026 ER PT J AU Robert, LL Santos-Ciminera, PD Andre, RG Schultz, GW Lawyer, PG Nigro, J Masuoka, P Wirtz, RA Neely, J Gaines, D Cannon, CE Pettit, D Garvey, CW Goodfriend, D Roberts, DR AF Robert, LL Santos-Ciminera, PD Andre, RG Schultz, GW Lawyer, PG Nigro, J Masuoka, P Wirtz, RA Neely, J Gaines, D Cannon, CE Pettit, D Garvey, CW Goodfriend, D Roberts, DR TI Plasmodium-infected Anopheles mosquitoes collected in Virginia and Maryland following local transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Loudoun County, Virginia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium vivax; Anopheles quadrimaculatus; Anopheles punctipennis; malaria; Maryland; Virginia ID NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; PUNCTIPENNIS; CALIFORNIA; BIONOMICS; CULICIDAE; ABUNDANCE; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; DIPTERA AB Two recent outbreaks of locally acquired, mosquito-transmitted malaria in Virginia in 1998 and 2002 demonstrate the continued risk of endemic mosquito-transmitted malaria in heavily populated areas of the eastern United States. Increasing immigration, growth in global travel, and the presence of competent anopheline vectors throughout the eastern United States contribute to the increasing risk of malaria importation and transmission. On August 23 and 25, 2002, Plasmodium vivax malaria was diagnosed in 2 teenagers in Loudoun County, Virginia. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) deemed these cases to be locally acquired because of the lack of risk factors for malaria, such as international travel, blood transfusion, organ transplantation, or needle sharing. The patients lived similar to 0.5 mi apart; however, 1 patient reported numerous visits to friends who lived directly across the street from the other patient. Two Anopheles quadrimaculatus s.1. female pools collected in Loudoun County, Virginia, and 1 An. punctipennis female pool collected in Fairfax County, Virginia, tested positive for P. vivax 210 with the VecTest (TM) panel assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, 2 An. quadrimaculatus s.1. female pools collected in Montgomery, Maryland, tested positive for P. vivax 210. The CDC confirmed these initial results with the circumsporozoite ELISA. The authors believe that this is the 1st demonstration of Plasmodium-infected mosquitoes collected in association with locally acquired human malaria in the United States since the current national malaria surveillance system began in 1957. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Clarke Mosquito Control, Herndon, VA 20171 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med N, Ft George G Meade, MD 20755 USA. Montgomery Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Loudoun Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Leesburg, VA 20177 USA. RP Robert, LL (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 49 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI MOUNT LAUREL PA 15000 COMMERCE PARKWAY, SUITE C, MOUNT LAUREL, NJ 08054 USA SN 8756-971X EI 1943-6270 J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 187 EP 193 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[187:PAMCIV]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 934MJ UT WOS:000229712600012 PM 16033121 ER PT J AU Hovi, T Blomqvist, S Nasr, E Burn, CC Sarjakoski, T Ahmed, N Savolainen, C Roivainen, M Stenvik, M Laine, P Barakat, I Wahdan, MH Kamel, FA Asghar, H Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Gary, HE deGourville, EM El Bassioni, L AF Hovi, T Blomqvist, S Nasr, E Burn, CC Sarjakoski, T Ahmed, N Savolainen, C Roivainen, M Stenvik, M Laine, P Barakat, I Wahdan, MH Kamel, FA Asghar, H Pallansch, MA Kew, OM Gary, HE deGourville, EM El Bassioni, L TI Environmental surveillance of wild poliovirus circulation in Egypt - Balancing between detection sensitivity and workload SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE poliovirus; environmental surveillance; concentration methods; detection methods; virus mixture ID DEOXYINOSINE RESIDUES; CODON DEGENERACY; MIXED-BASE; SEWAGE; IDENTIFICATION; POLIOMYELITIS; SPECIMENS; POSITIONS; OUTBREAK; PRIMERS AB Examination of sewage specimens for poliovirus (environmental surveillance) was adopted as a supplementary tool in the surveillance of poliomyelitis in Egypt. Sewage samples were concentrated about 50-fold using a simple two-phase separation technique, and inoculated in cell cultures in two collaborating laboratories in parallel. All but 9 of the 293 (97%) samples collected from January 2001 to December 2002 contained poliovirus and/or other enteroviruses, with polioviruses being detected in 84% of the samples. The proportion of specimens containing type 1 wild poliovirus (PV1W, the North-East African (NEAF) genotype) was less in 2002 (16%) than in 2001 (57%), and further decreased in 2003. While the overall sensitivity to detect PV1W was similar in the two collaborating laboratories, the specimens scored positive were not identical. Parallel cultures inoculated with aliquots of a given specimen very frequently resulted in isolation of different viruses. Moreover, partial sequence analysis occasionally revealed representatives of different genetic lineages of PV1W in a given specimen. These results emphasize the need to use intensive laboratory analysis to optimise sample sensitivity in environmental poliovirus surveillance, and the difficulties in reproducing the isolation results by simple re-inoculation of samples containing a mixture of different viruses. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth KTL, Dept Viral Dis & Immunol, Helsinki 00300, Finland. Egyptian Org Biol & Vaccine Prod VACSERA, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth Cairo, Cairo, Egypt. World Hlth Org, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Hovi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Publ Hlth KTL, Dept Viral Dis & Immunol, Mannerheimintie 166, Helsinki 00300, Finland. EM tapani.hovi@ktl.fi NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUN PY 2005 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1016/j.viromet.2005.02.002 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 924TJ UT WOS:000229003000016 PM 15847928 ER PT J AU Lu, L Nakano, T Smallwood, GA Heffron, TG Robertson, BH Hagedorn, CH AF Lu, L Nakano, T Smallwood, GA Heffron, TG Robertson, BH Hagedorn, CH TI A refined long RT-PCR technique to amplify complete viral RNA genome sequences from clinical samples: Application to a novel hepatitis C virus variant of genotype 6 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE HCV genome; long RT-PCR; genotype ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; INTERFERON THERAPY; NON-A; HCV; AMPLIFICATION; CLASSIFICATION; NOMENCLATURE; FRAGMENTS; INFECTION; ASSAY AB The goal of this study was to adapt a long RT-PCR technique to amplify large PCR fragments from the genome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates using clinical samples. This was done by using a reverse transcriptase devoid of RNase H activity and a mixture of two antibody-bound thermostable polymerases to combine the high processivity of Taq and the high fidelity of Pwo with its 3' &RARR; 5' exonuclease activity. Other modifications included gentle handling during RNA extraction, the absence of tRNA and random primers, a two-step reverse transcription procedure to optimize cDNA synthesis, and increasing the annealing temperature for primers. With this approach, the HCV-1 genome (nucleotides 35-9282) was amplified consistently as two overlapping fragments of 5344 and 4675 bp from a pooled chimpanzee plasma sample containing approximately 10(6) genome copies of HCV RNA/ml. Using the conditions that we identified, 96% of the complete genomic sequence of a distinct HCV genotype 6 variant (km45) was determined from less than 300 μ l of serum. This method should prove useful for molecular, epidemiological and clinical studies of hepatitis C where samples are limited but complete virus sequence is required, for example, identifying mutational hot spots of HCV under specific clinical conditions. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Liver Transplantat Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30327 USA. Ichinomiya Nishi Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Aichi, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lu, L (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, 4035 Delp,MS 1023, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. EM llu@kumc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA0630 64]; NCRR NIH HHS [5 P20 RR016443-04] NR 32 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD JUN PY 2005 VL 126 IS 1-2 BP 139 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2005.01.031 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 924TJ UT WOS:000229003000018 PM 15847930 ER PT J AU Huang, CYH Silengo, SJ Whiteman, MC Kinney, RM AF Huang, CYH Silengo, SJ Whiteman, MC Kinney, RM TI Chimeric dengue 2 PDK-53/West Nile NY99 viruses retain the phenotypic attenuation markers of the candidate PDK-53 vaccine virus and protect mice against lethal challenge with West Nile virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; TICK-BORNE FLAVIVIRUS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; STRAIN 16681; ADULT VOLUNTEERS; NONCODING REGION; UNITED-STATES; IN-VITRO; C-PRM; LIVE AB Chimeric dengue serotype 2/West Nile (D2/WN) viruses expressing prM-E of WN NY99 virus in the genetic background of wild-type D2 16681 virus and two candidate D2 PDK-53 vaccine variants (PDK53-E and PDK53-V) were engineered. The viability of the D2/WN viruses required incorporation of the WN virus-specific signal sequence for prM. Introduction of two mutations at M-58 and E-191 in the chimeric cDNA clones further improved the viability of the chimeras constructed in all three D2 carriers. Two D2/WN chimeras (D2/WN-E2 and -V2) engineered in the backbone of the PDK53-E and -V viruses retained all of the PDK-53 vaccine characteristic phenotypic markers of attenuation and were immunogenic in mice and protected mice from a high-dose 10(7) PFU challenge with wild-type WN NY99 virus. This report further supports application of the genetic background of the D2 PDK-53 virus as a carrier for development of live-attenuated, chimeric flavivirus vaccines in general and the development of a chimeric D2/WN vaccine virus against WN disease in particular. C1 US Dept HHS, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Huang, CYH (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM CHuang1l@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 12 BP 7300 EP 7310 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.12.7300-7310.2005 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 930LA UT WOS:000229416100003 PM 15919884 ER PT J AU Petrakova, O Volkova, E Gorchakov, R Paessler, S Kinney, RM Frolov, I AF Petrakova, O Volkova, E Gorchakov, R Paessler, S Kinney, RM Frolov, I TI Noncytopathic replication of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and eastern equine encephalitis virus replicons in mammalian cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEMLIKI-FOREST-VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; SINDBIS-VIRUS; ALPHA/BETA INTERFERONS; EXPRESSION VECTORS; RNA REPLICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION; STRAIN TC-83; IN-VITRO; INFECTION AB Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) and eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) viruses are important, naturally emerging zoonotic viruses. They are significant human and equine pathogens which still pose a serious public health threat. Both VEE and EEE cause chronic infection in mosquitoes and persistent or chronic infection in mosquito-derived cell lines. In contrast, vertebrate hosts infected with either virus develop an acute infection with high-titer viremia and encephalitis, followed by host death or virus clearance by the immune system. Accordingly, EEE and VEE infection in vertebrate cell lines is highly cytopathic. To further understand the pathogenesis of alphaviruses on molecular and cellular levels, we designed EEE- and VEE-based replicons and investigated their replication and their ability to generate cytopathic effect (CPE) and to interfere with other viral infections. VEE and EEE replicons appeared to be less cytopathic than Sindbis virus-based constructs that we designed in our previous research and readily established persistent replication in BHK-21 cells. VEE replicons required additional mutations in the 5' untranslated region and nsP2 or nsP3 genes to further reduce cytopathicity and to become capable of persisting in cells with no defects in alpha/beta interferon production or signaling. The results indicated that alphaviruses strongly differ in virus-host cell interactions, and the ability to cause CPE in tissue culture does not necessarily correlate with pathogenesis and strongly depends on the sequence of viral nonstructural proteins. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Frolov, I (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM ivfrolov@utmb.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI059491, K08AI059491, R01 AI050537, AI053135, R01 AI053135-02, R21 AI050537, R01 AI053135, R01 AI050537-02, AI50537] NR 45 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 79 IS 12 BP 7597 EP 7608 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.12.7597-7608.2005 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 930LA UT WOS:000229416100031 PM 15919912 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Mack, KA Mokdad, A AF Ahluwalia, IB Mack, KA Mokdad, A TI Changes in selected chronic disease-related risks and health conditions for nonpregnant women 18-44 years old BRFSS SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; WEIGHT; DELIVERY; OBESITY AB We examined changes in the prevalence of selected chronic disease-related indicators among women aged 18 - 44 years using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data for two time periods, 1991 - 1992 and 2000 - 2001. We examined alcohol use, cigarette smoking, leisure time physical activity, body mass index (BMI), having had Pap smear screening, and having been diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, and asthma. We created a multicondition index by combining multiple chronic disease-related conditions. Younger women, < 25 years of age, reported a higher prevalence of cigarette smoking and binge drinking. Black women and women with lower educational levels had a higher prevalence of obesity, and higher proportions were diagnosed with hypertension and diabetes. About 35% of the women had been diagnosed with at least one chronic disease-related condition. More than 10% of black women reported being diagnosed with two chronic disease-related conditions, compared with 7% in white women and 8% in Hispanic women. The BRFSS data can be used for monitoring the prevalence of multiple chronic disease-related behaviors and conditions. C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Iahluwalia@cdc.gov RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 13 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 382 EP 386 DI 10.1089/jwh.2005.14.382 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 944KU UT WOS:000230427800001 PM 15989409 ER PT J AU Sangi-Haghpeykar, H Mehta, M Posner, S Poindexter, AN AF Sangi-Haghpeykar, H Mehta, M Posner, S Poindexter, AN TI Paternal influences on the timing of prenatal care among Hispanics SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE prenatal care; parents' discord; unintended pregnancy; fathers; Hispanic ID UNITED-STATES; PREGNANCY; FERTILITY; BEHAVIORS; WOMEN AB Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the independent role of paternal influences on the onset of prenatal care among Hispanic women. Methods: A total of 300 pregnant Hispanic women seeking prenatal care on or before their 35th week of gestation were surveyed about their and their partner's pregnancy intention. Women in this study were recruited from clinics providing services to low income and medically indigent women. Results: Father's pregnancy intention had a protective effect on the timely onset of prenatal care. Pregnancies that were unintended by the mother but were intended by the father had a lower likelihood of delayed care, as compared to those unintended by both (Odds Ratio [OR] =.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] =.28,.99). This trend was stronger among married than non-married couples. Conclusion: Comprehensive efforts are needed to involve male partners in family planning as well as in programs aimed at expanding adequate pre- and postnatal behaviors within Hispanics. C1 Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sangi-Haghpeykar, H (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM halehs@bcm.tmc.edu RI Sandall, Jane/D-4146-2009; OI Sandall, Jane/0000-0003-2000-743X; Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-3012-9 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 943RV UT WOS:000230372900005 PM 15965621 ER PT J AU Blumberg, SJ Bramlett, MD AF Blumberg, SJ Bramlett, MD TI Comparing states on outcomes for children with special health care needs SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE statistical ranking; child health; state estimates; children with special health care needs ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; MEDICAL HOME; ACCESS; ADOLESCENTS AB Objectives: To develop two alternative methods for comparing and ranking states on the health, health care, and well-being of children with special health care needs (CSHCN). Methods: Fifteen key indicators of CSHCN's functional abilities, health insurance coverage, access to care, and the impact of their conditions on their families were identified from the 2001 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs. An initial composite score for each state was created by averaging the state's standardized scores for each of these indicators. Using linear regression analyses and standardized residuals, an adjusted composite score for each state was then created that accounted for demographic variables that differed by state and were related to the initial composite score. States were ranked based on the initial and adjusted composite scores. Results: The initial composite scores were related to population differences by poverty status, African-American race, and the prevalence of special health care needs. Compared to ranks based on the initial scores, ranks based on the adjusted scores shifted by 10 or more positions for half the states. Hawaii, Rhode Island, Arizona, Iowa, and North Dakota had the highest ("best") adjusted scores. Conclusion: Adjustment to the initial composite scores permits states with different demographic compositions to be compared. The adjusted scores may also help raise awareness of CSHCN's concerns in states where demographic compositions favorable to health outcomes mask the fact that these outcomes are only average (or worse) given the states' demographic compositions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 2112, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM sblumberg@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 SU S BP S121 EP S128 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-3858-x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 945IX UT WOS:000230497300015 PM 15973472 ER PT J AU Kane, DJ Zotti, ME Rosenberg, D AF Kane, DJ Zotti, ME Rosenberg, D TI Factors associated with health care access for Mississippi children with special health care needs SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE access to care; CSHCN; health services research; barriers to care ID NATIONAL-SURVEY; MEDICAL-CARE; DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; BEHAVIORAL-MODEL; SERVICES; ADOLESCENTS; INSURANCE; IMPACT; INTERVIEW; COVERAGE AB Objectives: This purpose of the study was to examine the factors associated with access to routine care and to specialty care for Mississippi children with special health care needs (CSHCN). Methods: We analyzed data for Mississippi CSHCN from the 2001 National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs. Using a modified version of Andersen and Aday's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use, we explored the relationship of independent variables (e.g., demographics, insurance, severity of illness) to dependent variables (did not obtain routine care, did not obtain specialty care). We conducted bivariate and logistic regression analyses using SAS and SUDAAN. Results: Based on self-reported data, with a 61% response rate, 66% of Mississippi CSHCN needed routine health care, and 52.8% needed specialty care. Of these children, 6.5% did not receive routine care and 9.3% did not receive specialty care. In a fully adjusted model, discontinuous insurance coverage was an important factor associated with not having obtained routine care (OR = 7.8; CI = 1.7-35.9) and specialty care (OR = 8.6; CI = 2.0-36.8). Children with a high illness severity rank were more likely to have not obtained routine care than children with a low rank (OR 1.4; Cl = 1.1-1.9). Conclusions: It may be important to establish a health insurance safety net for families who lack insurance continuity since it appears that a lapse in insurance coverage impedes health care access. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between illness severity and lack of health care access, especially for children with special health care needs. C1 Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Family Hlth, Des Moines, IA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Appl Sci Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL USA. RP Kane, DJ (reprint author), Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Bur Family Hlth, Des Moines, IA USA. EM duk6@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 9 IS 2 SU S BP S23 EP S31 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-3964-9 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 945IX UT WOS:000230497300004 PM 15973475 ER PT J AU Matthews, CE Ainsworth, BE Hanby, C Pate, RR Addy, C Freedson, PS Jones, DA Macera, CA AF Matthews, CE Ainsworth, BE Hanby, C Pate, RR Addy, C Freedson, PS Jones, DA Macera, CA TI Development and testing of a short physical activity recall questionnaire SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; accelerometer; 24-H recall; surveillance; reliability; validity ID SEASONAL-VARIATION; BLOOD CHOLESTEROL; RELIABILITY; ACCELEROMETER; AGREEMENT; VARIANCE; VALIDITY AB Purpose: To develop and test two different short telephone activity recall (STAR) questionnaires, one with closed-ended and the other with open-ended response options, that assessed overall moderate and vigorous activity in a usual week. Methods: One hundred four participants completed a 3-d test-retest study, and 88 participants completed 10-14, 24-h physical activity recalls (24PAR) and at least 7 d of objective physical activity monitoring by Actigraph during a 28-d period. Results: Consistency of classification from one administration to the next was high (65-92%), extreme inconsistencies between reports were infrequent (0-7%), and kappa values were between 0.50 and 0.75. Correlations between self-reports and criterion measures for moderate-intensity duration were between 0.30 and 0.40. Agreement between the instruments and the 24PAR for meeting the moderate or vigorous recommendations was between 60 and 70%. For the 24PAR comparisons, kappa values tended to be higher for women than men, but were of only modest strength (kappa 0.40). With the 24PAR as criterion, sensitivity of the self-report instruments was between 50 and 90%, and specificity was between 63 and 84%. Kappa values comparing the instruments with the Actigraph were low (< 0.20). Overall classification by the short instruments into meeting the recommendations was associated with higher levels of total 24PAR activity (P <= 0.01) as well as greater steps per day and counts per minute per day from the Actigraph (P <= 0.08). The open-ended instrument appeared to perform better for moderate-intensity activity, whereas the closed-ended item appeared to perform better for vigorous activity. Conclusion: The evaluated instruments had reasonable reliability and demonstrated an ability to capture important differences in overall physical activity patterns in this population, although individual classification errors were substantial. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Div Gen Internal Med, Sch Med,Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Med Ctr E,Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutrit Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Matthews, CE (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Div Gen Internal Med, Sch Med,Vanderbilt Ingram Canc Ctr, Med Ctr E,Dept Med, Suite 6100, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. EM charles.matthews@vanderbilt.edu RI matthews, Charles/E-8073-2015 OI matthews, Charles/0000-0001-8037-3103 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU409664] NR 29 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 6 BP 986 EP 994 DI 10.1249/01.mss.0000171615.76521.69 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 935CV UT WOS:000229757900013 PM 15947724 ER PT J AU Pavkov, ME Bennett, PH Sievers, ML Krakoff, J Williams, DE Knowler, WC Nelson, RG AF Pavkov, Meda E. Bennett, Peter H. Sievers, Maurice L. Krakoff, Jonathan Williams, Desmond E. Knowler, William C. Nelson, Robert G. TI PREDOMINANT EFFECTS OF KIDNEY DISEASE (KD) ON EXCESS MORTALITY IN PIMA INDIANS WITH OR WITHOUT TYPE 2 DIABETES SO NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pavkov, Meda E.; Bennett, Peter H.; Sievers, Maurice L.; Krakoff, Jonathan; Knowler, William C.; Nelson, Robert G.] NIDDK, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Williams, Desmond E.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1320-5358 J9 NEPHROLOGY JI Nephrology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 10 SU 1 BP A234 EP A235 PG 2 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA V27SS UT WOS:000208633501007 ER PT J AU Williams, DE Cadwell, B Nelson, RG Cheng, YJ Gregg, EW Engelgau, M Imperatore, G Narayan, KMV Geiss, LS AF Williams, Desmond E. Cadwell, Betsy Nelson, Robert G. Cheng, Yiling J. Gregg, Edward W. Engelgau, Michael Imperatore, Giuseppina Narayan, K. M. Venkat Geiss, Linda S. TI CHANGES IN THE PREVALENCE OF ALBUMINURIA IN THE US POPULATION 1991-1994 TO 1999-2002 SO NEPHROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Williams, Desmond E.; Cadwell, Betsy; Cheng, Yiling J.; Gregg, Edward W.; Engelgau, Michael; Imperatore, Giuseppina; Narayan, K. M. Venkat; Geiss, Linda S.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. [Nelson, Robert G.] NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1320-5358 J9 NEPHROLOGY JI Nephrology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 10 SU 1 BP A154 EP A154 PG 1 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA V27SS UT WOS:000208633500587 ER PT J AU Wu, WJ Zhang, LQ Jain, RB Ashley, DL Watson, CH AF Wu, WJ Zhang, LQ Jain, RB Ashley, DL Watson, CH TI Determination of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mainstream smoke from US-brand and non-US-brand cigarettes from 14 countries SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID BURLEY TOBACCO; N-NITROSAMINES; LUNG-CANCER; N'-NITROSONORNICOTINE; TAR; ACCUMULATION; BIOCHEMISTRY; RELEVANCE; NICOTINE AB Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) comprise one of the major classes of carcinogenic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke. As part of collaborative efforts between the World Health Organization and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to reduce tobacco use and resulting disease, the CDC examined carcinogenic TSNA levels from cigarettes obtained from selected countries around the world. Using a modern, high-throughput liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method under stringent quality control protocols, we determined the carcinogenic TSNA levels in mainstream smoke from a globally marketed brand, Marlboro, and from local top-selling cigarette brands from 14 countries. The levels of carcinogenic TSNAs in mainstream smoke collected using a 35-ml puff volume, 60-s puff interval, and 2-s puff duration correlated well (R=0.79, p <.0001) with previously reported levels in the corresponding tobacco filler. Marlboro cigarettes purchased in 10 countries had significantly higher carcinogenic TSNA levels in mainstream smoke than did local-brand cigarettes from the same country. In only one country, Brazil, were the carcinogenic TSNA levels in mainstream smoke from Marlboro cigarettes significantly lower than in the locally popular brand. However, carcinogenic TSNA levels in mainstream smoke from Brazilian Marlboro cigarettes were usually lower than those in mainstream smoke from the Marlboros purchased in the other 13 countries, suggesting a reason for the difference. The wide range of mainstream smoke carcinogenic TSNA levels measured in the present study (8.7-312ng/cigarette) suggest that manufacturers can lower the carcinogenic TSNA levels and that, for similar filter ventilation, carcinogenic TSNA levels in the tobacco filler of a cigarette are a useful indicator of the corresponding levels in mainstream smoke. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Watson, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cow1@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1080/14622200500125898 PG 9 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 967QG UT WOS:000232105700014 PM 16085512 ER PT J AU Brugler, L Stankovic, AK Schlefer, M Bernstein, L AF Brugler, L Stankovic, AK Schlefer, M Bernstein, L TI A simplified nutrition screen for hospitalized patients using readily available laboratory and patient information SO NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE nutritional assessment; nutritional screening; statistical modeling; software agents ID CONTINGENCY-TABLES; ORDERED CATEGORIES; ASSOCIATION MODELS; CROSS-CLASSIFICATIONS AB Objective: We assessed admission screening information that best identifies patients who are at risk for malnutrition-related complications (MRCs). Methods: We evaluated 13 patient characteristics associated with MRC for adults screened over a 3-mo period (n = 448) to determine which factors correlated best with the risk level assigned. The existing screen stratified patients into four levels defined as no risk, mild risk, moderate, and high risk for MRC. The analyzed variables were weight for height, wound, surgery/cancer therapy, fever, vomiting/diarrhea, poor oral intake, no oral intake, unplanned weight loss, malnutrition-related admission diagnosis, serum albumin, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and total lymphocyte count. We modeled the relation between assigned MRC and the predictors by using state-of-the-art methods. Results: The characteristics that correlated best with MRC risk level assignment were occurrence of a wound, poor oral intake, malnutrition-related admission diagnosis, serum albumin value, hemoglobin value, and total lymphocyte count. A model using four variables (malnutrition-related admission diagnosis, serum albumin value, hemoglobin value, and total lymphocyte count) was almost as good as that using six predictors. Conclusions: The ability of admission information to accurately reflect MRC risk is crucial to early initiation of restorative medical nutritional therapy. There is currently no uniform or proved standard for identifying MRC risk within 24 h of acute care admission. The ideal nutritional screen correlates well with the occurrence of MRC and also uses data routinely obtained at admission. The models described can be uniformly used by hospitals to screen patients for MRC risk. © 2605 Elsevier Inc. All right s reserved. C1 New York Methodist Hosp, Cornell Weill Med Sch, Brooklyn, NY USA. Midwood High Sch, Brooklyn, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. St Francis Hosp, Wilmington, DE USA. RP Bernstein, L (reprint author), New York Methodist Hosp, Cornell Weill Med Sch, Brooklyn, NY USA. EM plbern@yahoo.com NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0899-9007 J9 NUTRITION JI Nutrition PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 650 EP 658 DI 10.1016/j.nut.2004.10.012 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 932DL UT WOS:000229534300002 PM 15925287 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Schulkin, J Maguire, JH AF Jones, JL Schulkin, J Maguire, JH TI Therapy for common parasitic diseases in pregnancy in the United States: A review and a survey of obstetrician/gynecologists' level of knowledge about these diseases SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND; METRONIDAZOLE; NITAZOXANIDE; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; NEWBORN; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; SULFANILAMIDE; METAANALYSIS; TINIDAZOLE AB A number of food- and waterborne parasitic diseases that are common in the United States can adversely impact women during pregnancy. Therapeutic considerations during pregnancy for these diseases are reviewed. Also, the level of knowledge of obstetrician-gynecologists about diagnosis and treatment of these diseases (toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, amebiasis, cyclosporiasis, trichinellosis, ascariasis, and taeniasis) was estimated by means of a questionnaire developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). Of the 1200 obstetrician-gynecologists surveyed, 521 (43%) responded. In general, respondents gave correct answers to questions about toxoplasmosis, but for other illnesses responses, it varied. For example, most (61.4%) respondents gave incorrect answers about treatment of cryptosporidiosis in pregnancy, and many (41.2%) respondents incorrectly identified metronidazole as the safest treatment for giardiasis in the first trimester of pregnancy. Although knowledge among obstetrician-gynecologists about toxoplasmosis is good, there is a wide variation in knowledge about other common food- and waterborne parasitic diseases that are likely to be encountered in the United States. Therapeutic considerations for these diseases during pregnancy are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Parasit Dis, Parasit Dis Branch,Diagnost & Epidemiol Team, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20024 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Parasit Dis, Parasit Dis Branch,Diagnost & Epidemiol Team, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlj1@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 60 IS 6 BP 386 EP 393 DI 10.1097/01.ogx.0000162430.67144.6b PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 931NP UT WOS:000229492300004 PM 15920439 ER PT J AU Benard, VB Lawson, HW Eheman, CR Anderson, C Helsel, W AF Benard, VB Lawson, HW Eheman, CR Anderson, C Helsel, W TI Adherence to guidelines for follow-up of low-grade cytologic abnormalities among medically underserved women SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL CYTOLOGY; BETHESDA SYSTEM; MANAGEMENT AB OBJECTIVE: To determine whether women in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) who had findings on a Papanicolaou (Pap) test of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) were followed up in accordance with the interim guidelines for management of abnormal cervical cytology METHODS: For this study period, the guidelines for a Pap result of ASC-US or LSIL specified follow-up by Pap tests repeated every 4 to 6 months for 2 years. If a second report of ASC-US or LSIL was made, the patient was to have colposcopy. We analyzed data from 10,004 women who had a result of ASC-US or LSIL followed by a second ASC-US or LSIL from 1991-2000 RESULTS: As judged by die guidelines, 44% of women who had 2 low-grade abnormalities were followed up appropriately with colposcopy. Among women with 2 ASC-US results, those aged less than 30 years were more likely to receive colposcopy than the other age groups, while women who were aged 60 years and older were more likely to be followed up with a third Pap test. For each of the 4 result groups, American Indian or Alaska Native women had the highest percentages of a third Pap test, whereas Black or African-American women had a higher percentage of no follow-up CONCLUSION: More than one half of the women studied were not followed up in accordance with the established guidelines for managing abnormal cervical cytology. Factors such as age and race or ethnicity influence whether women with cytologic abnormalities receive appropriate follow-up. (c) 2005 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 CDC, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Benard, VB (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, NCCDPHP, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM vdb9@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 105 IS 6 BP 1323 EP 1328 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000159549.56601.75 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 929QQ UT WOS:000229361200008 PM 15932824 ER PT J AU Dye, BA Schober, SE Dillon, CF Jones, RL Fryar, C McDowell, M Sinks, TH AF Dye, BA Schober, SE Dillon, CF Jones, RL Fryar, C McDowell, M Sinks, TH TI Urinary mercury concentrations associated with dental restorations in adult women aged 16-49 years: United States, 1999-2000 SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AMALGAM FILLINGS; EXPOSURE; BLOOD; EXCRETION; RELEASE; HUMANS AB Background: Mercury amalgam dental restorations have been used by dentists since the mid 19th century and issues on safety continue to be periodically debated within the scientific and public health communities. Previous studies have reported a positive association between urine mercury levels and the number of dental amalgams, but this relation has never been described in a nationally representative sample in the United States. Aims and Methods: Using household interview, dietary interview, dental examination, and laboratory data from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ( NHANES), the association between mercury concentrations and dental restorations was examined in US women of reproductive age. Results: In women of childbearing age, approximately 13% of all posterior dental surfaces were restored with amalgams and the average urinary mercury level in women was low (1.34 mu g/l). It is estimated that an increase of 1.8 mu g/l in the log transformed values for mercury in urine would occur for each 10 dental surfaces restored with amalgam. Conclusions: Although the findings do not address the important issues of adverse health effects at low thresholds of mercury exposure, they do provide important reference data that should contribute significantly to the ongoing scientific and public health policy debate on the use of dental amalgams in the USA. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Harris Orkand Informat Serv, Falls Church, VA USA. RP Dye, BA (reprint author), CDC, NCHS, NHANES Program, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 4416, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM bfd1@cdc.gov RI Jones, Robert/E-1170-2011 NR 45 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 2 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 368 EP 375 DI 10.1136/oem.2004.016832 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 927ND UT WOS:000229199700007 PM 15901883 ER PT J AU Moro, PL Garcia, HH Gonzales, AE Bonilla, JJ Verastegui, M Gilman, RH AF Moro, PL Garcia, HH Gonzales, AE Bonilla, JJ Verastegui, M Gilman, RH TI Screening for cystic echinococcosis in an endemic region of Peru using portable ultrasonography and the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cystic echinococcosis; ultrasonography; enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot; epidemiology; Peru ID HEPATIC HYDATID CYSTS; GRANULOSUS INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; IMMUNODIAGNOSIS; POPULATION; ANTIGEN; DISEASE; ANDES; LIVER AB Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus is a major public health problem in sheep-raising regions of the World. This study compared portable ultrasound with the enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay as screening methods to estimate the prevalence of human CE in a remote village in the Peruvian Andes. Three hundred eighty-nine villagers were examined by portable ultrasound and blood samples were drawn by venipuncture. Sera were collected and tested for antibodies against CE using an EITB assay. Cystic lesions were classified based on their ultrasound morphologic characteristics. The prevalence of human CE using portable ultrasound and the EITB assay were 4.9% and 2.6%, respectively. Fifty-three percent of subjects with CE were EITB positive. Portable ultrasound was well received by the community, augmented CE detection and allowed a faster estimate of human infection than the EITB assay. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Policlin Peruano Japones, Dept Gastroenterol, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Moro, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,61, Atlanta, GA USA. EM psm9@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 96 IS 4 BP 242 EP 246 DI 10.1007/s00436-005-1350-6 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 942DT UT WOS:000230263800007 PM 15875215 ER PT J AU Cohn, AC Broder, KR Pickering, LK AF Cohn, AC Broder, KR Pickering, LK TI Immunizations in the United States: A rite of passage SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE-16; EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PARTICLE VACCINE; INVASIVE DISEASE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HEPATITIS-B AB Today, vaccination is a cornerstone of pediatric preventive health care and a rite of passage for nearly all of the approximately 11,000 infants born daily in the United States. This article reviews the US immunization program with an emphasis on its role in ensuring that vaccines are effective, safe, and available and highlights several new vaccines and recommendations that will affect the health of children and adolescents and the practice of pediatric medicine in future decades. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pickering, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailtosp E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM LPickering@cdc.gov NR 78 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 669 EP + DI 10.1016/j.pcl.2005.03.001 PG 26 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 940TB UT WOS:000230166000002 PM 15925657 ER PT J AU Isakbaeva, E Bulens, SN Beard, RS Adams, S Monroe, SS Chaves, SS Widdowson, MA Glass, RI AF Isakbaeva, E Bulens, SN Beard, RS Adams, S Monroe, SS Chaves, SS Widdowson, MA Glass, RI TI Norovirus and child care: Challenges in outbreak control SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE norovirus; outbreak; child care centers; diarrhea ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; GASTROENTERITIS; CENTERS AB An infant with diarrhea attended a community playgroup. In the subsequent 48 hours, 6 of the 7 mothers and children reported gastroenteritis; fecal specimens from 5 persons tested positive for norovirus, with identical sequences. No breach of hygiene or contact with fecal matter was identified. Excluding the child with gastroenteritis from the playgroup could have prevented this outbreak. C1 Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Isakbaeva, E (reprint author), Norwegian Inst Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Dept, Oslo, Norway. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 10 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 561 EP 563 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000164764.57815.23 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 938ZW UT WOS:000230042900018 PM 15933572 ER PT J AU Cohen, AL Rivara, FP Davis, R Christakis, DA AF Cohen, AL Rivara, FP Davis, R Christakis, DA TI Compliance with guidelines for the medical care of first urinary tract infections in infants: A population-based study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE urinary tract infections; practice parameters/guidelines; Medicaid; population-based studies ID NATIONAL GUIDELINES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PEDIATRICIANS; ASTHMA; RISK AB Background. No population-based studies have examined the degree to which practice parameters are followed for urinary tract infections in infants. Objective. To describe the medical care of children in their first year of life after a first urinary tract infection. Methods. Using Washington State Medicaid data, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of children with a urinary tract infection during their first year of life to determine how many of these children received recommended care based on the most recent guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics. Recommended care included timely anatomic imaging, timely imaging for reflux, and adequate antimicrobial prophylaxis. Multivariate logistic-regression models were used to evaluate if hospitalization for first urinary tract infection, young age at time of diagnosis, gender, race, primary language of parents, having a managed care plan, and rural location of household residence were associated with recommended care. Results. Less than half of all children diagnosed with a urinary tract infection in their first year of life received the recommended medical care. Children who were hospitalized for their first urinary tract infection were significantly more likely than children who were not hospitalized to receive anatomic imaging (relative risk [RR]: 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20-1.57) and imaging for reflux (RR: 1.62; 95% CI: 1.34-1.90). Conclusions. There is poor compliance with guideline-recommended care for first urinary tract infections in infants in a Medicaid population. Given the trend toward increased outpatient management of urinary tract infections, increased attention to outpatient imaging may be warranted. C1 Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cohen, AL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Inst Child Hlth, 6200 NE 74th St,Suite 210, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alcohen@u.washington.edu NR 24 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1474 EP 1478 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1559 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 931SF UT WOS:000229504800003 PM 15930206 ER PT J AU Broder, KR MacNeil, A Malone, S Schwartz, B Baughman, AL Murphy, TV Pickering, LK Moran, JS AF Broder, KR MacNeil, A Malone, S Schwartz, B Baughman, AL Murphy, TV Pickering, LK Moran, JS TI Who's calling the shots? Pediatricians' adherence to the 2001-2003 pneumococcal conjugate vaccine-shortage recommendations SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adherence; pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ID RESPONSE RATES; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICIANS; PREVENTION AB Background. A national shortage of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) occurred from September 2001 through May 2003. In December 2001 and January 2002, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued PCV7-shortage recommendations, emphasizing that all health care providers decrease the number of doses for healthy children so that more children could receive some PCV7. Objectives. We assessed (1) how the PCV7 shortage affected pediatricians, (2) whether children in the public and private sectors were vaccinated differently during the shortage, (3) pediatricians' knowledge of and adherence to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices/AAP recommendations, (4) and what factors were associated with nonadherence to the recommendations. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional mail survey of 2500 US physician-members of the AAP from November 2002 through March 2003; physicians providing childhood immunizations were eligible. We asked about PCV7-shortage experience, assessed recommendation adherence through clinical scenarios, and modeled potential factors associated with reported nonadherence to the recommendation to defer the fourth PCV7 dose. Results. Of 2478 surveys sent to valid addresses, 1412 (57%) completed surveys were received; 946 (67%) of these were from eligible pediatricians. Overall, 79% experienced a PCV7 shortage, 94% reported being aware of the recommendations, and 42% reported barriers to recommendation adherence. Ninety-four percent reported vaccinating 6-month-oldinfants with private or public insurance in the same manner. As recommended, 91% reported fully vaccinating high-risk patients. Contrary to recommendations, 49% reported sometimes or always administering the fourth PCV7 dose to healthy children 12 to 15 months old; their reasons included recurrent otitis media, childcare attendance, and parental desire. Controlling for other characteristics, pediatricians who had no PCV7 shortage in their practices were significantly more likely to report administering the fourth dose than pediatricians who had a shortage (odds ratio [OR]: 3.67; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.40-5.63). Other factors associated with nonadherence were being in solo private practice (OR: 2.18; 95% CI: 1.26-3.77) or being male (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.08-2.12). Among pediatricians deferring PCV7, 36% reported having no system to track children for whom PCV7 was deferred. Conclusions. Many pediatricians, both with and without a PCV7 shortage, administered more PCV7 doses than recommended. Pediatricians without a shortage were less likely to limit use, which suggests that they might have focused on the perceived value of administering the full schedule to their patients in preference to broader public health goals. Providing more information to physicians on the effectiveness of a fewer-dose schedule and the risk of disease when vaccine is deferred and educating parents might increase adherence to recommendations and achieve more equitable coverage during vaccine shortages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Broder, KR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kbroder@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1479 EP 1487 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1617 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 931SF UT WOS:000229504800004 PM 15930207 ER PT J AU Haddad, MB Hill, MB Pavia, AT Green, CE Jumaan, AO De, AK Rolfs, RT AF Haddad, MB Hill, MB Pavia, AT Green, CE Jumaan, AO De, AK Rolfs, RT TI Vaccine effectiveness during a varicella outbreak among schoolchildren: Utah, 2002-2003 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pediatrics; school-age population; vaccination; varicella-zoster virus ID UNITED-STATES; CARE-CENTER; EFFICACY; FAILURE; RISK AB Objectives. In the context of a chickenpox outbreak involving 2 Utah elementary schools, we conducted an investigation to assess vaccine effectiveness, describe illness severity, and examine risk factors for breakthrough varicella (ie, varicella in those who have been vaccinated). Methods. All parents were asked to complete a questionnaire about their child's medical history. Parents of children with recent varicella were interviewed, and vaccination records were verified. Lesions were submitted for polymerase chain reaction testing. Results. Questionnaires were returned for 558 (93%) of 597 students in school A and 924 (97%) of 952 students in school B. A total of 83 schoolchildren (57 unvaccinated and 26 vaccinated) had varicella during the October 2002 through February 2003 outbreak period. An additional 17 cases occurred among household contacts, including infants and adults. Polymerase chain reaction analysis recovered wild-type varicella. Vaccine effectiveness was 87%. With 1 notable exception, vaccinated children tended to have milder illness. Risk factors for breakthrough varicella included eczema, vaccination >= 5 years before the outbreak, and vaccination at <= 18 months of age. Restricting analysis to children vaccinated >= 5 years before the outbreak, those vaccinated at <= 18 months of age were more likely to develop breakthrough varicella (relative risk: 9.3; 95% confidence interval: 1.3-68.9). Conclusions. The vaccine, administered by >100 health care providers to 571 children during a 7-year time period, was effective. Risk factors for breakthrough varicella suggest some degree of biological interaction between age at vaccination and time since vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Salt Lake Valley Hlth Dept, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Utah, Primary Childrens Med Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Haddad, MB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM maryam.haddad@cdc.hhs.gov NR 21 TC 38 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1488 EP 1493 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1826 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 931SF UT WOS:000229504800005 PM 15930208 ER PT J AU Lee, GM LeBaron, C Murphy, TV Lett, S Schauer, S Lieu, TA AF Lee, GM LeBaron, C Murphy, TV Lett, S Schauer, S Lieu, TA TI Pertussis in adolescents and adults: Should we vaccinate? SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pertussis; cost-effectiveness; adolescent; immunization; vaccine ID UNITED-STATES; TETANUS TOXOIDS; YOUNG INFANTS; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; DIPHTHERIA; INFECTION; CHILDREN AB Background. The incidence of reported pertussis among adolescents, adults, and young infants has increased sharply over the past decade. Combined acellular pertussis vaccines for adolescents and adults are available in Canada, Australia, and Germany and may soon be considered for use in the United States. Objective. To evaluate the potential health benefits, risks, and costs of a national pertussis vaccination program for adolescents and/or adults. Design, Setting, and Population. The projected health states and immunity levels associated with pertussis disease and vaccination were simulated with a Markov model. The following strategies were examined from the health care payer and societal perspectives: (1) no vaccination; (2) 1-time adolescent vaccination; (3) 1-time adult vaccination; (4) adult vaccination with boosters; (5) adolescent and adult vaccination with boosters; and (6) postpartum vaccination. Data on disease incidence, costs, outcomes, vaccine efficacy, and adverse events were based on published studies, recent unpublished clinical trials, and expert panel input. Main Outcome Measures. Cases prevented, adverse events, costs (in 2004 US dollars), cost per case prevented, and cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) saved. Results. One-time adolescent vaccination would prevent 30 800 cases of pertussis (36% of projected cases) and would result in 91 000 vaccine adverse events (67% local reactions). If pertussis vaccination cost $15 and vaccine coverage was 76%, then 1-time adolescent vaccination would cost $1100 per case prevented (or $1200 per case prevented) or $20 000 per QALY (or $23 000 per QALY) saved, from the societal (or health care payer) perspective. With a threshold of $50 000 per QALY saved, the adolescent and adult vaccination with boosters strategy became potentially cost-effective from the societal perspective only if 2 conditions were met simultaneously, ie, (1) the disease incidence for adolescents and adults was >= 6 times higher than base-case assumptions and (2) the cost of vaccination was less than $10. Adult vaccination strategies were more costly and less effective than adolescent vaccination strategies. The results were sensitive to assumptions about disease incidence, vaccine efficacy, frequency of vaccine adverse events, and vaccine costs. Conclusions. Routine pertussis vaccination of adolescents results in net health benefits and may be relatively cost-effective. C1 Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp Boston, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lee, GM (reprint author), Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM grace_lee@hphc.org FU AHRQ HHS [T32 HS00063, K08 HS13908-01A1] NR 85 TC 69 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1675 EP 1684 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2509 PG 10 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 931SF UT WOS:000229504800029 PM 15930232 ER PT J AU Cordero, JF AF Cordero, JF TI A practical clinical approach to diagnosis of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders: Clarification of the 1996 Institute of Medicine Criteria SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cordero, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 115 IS 6 BP 1787 EP 1787 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0667 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 931SF UT WOS:000229504800043 PM 15930247 ER PT J AU Martin, SW Tierney, BC Aranas, A Rosenstein, NE Franzke, LH Apicella, L Marano, N McNeil, MM AF Martin, SW Tierney, BC Aranas, A Rosenstein, NE Franzke, LH Apicella, L Marano, N McNeil, MM TI An overview of adverse events reported by participants in CDC's Anthrax Vaccine and Antimicrobial Availability Program SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; anthrax vaccine; surveillance; post-exposure prophylaxis; adverse events; antibiotics; ciprofloxacin; doxycycline ID POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; DISEASE AB Purpose The CDC's Anthrax Vaccine and Antibiotic Availability Program was implemented under an Investigational New Drug (IND) application to provide additional post-exposure prophylaxis for individuals potentially exposed to Bacillus anthracis in the fall of 2001. Participants were provided with two options: (1) 40 additional days of antimicrobial prophylaxis (i.e., ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, or amoxicillin); or (2) 40 additional days of antimicrobial prophylaxis plus three doses of anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA). Methods Participants were monitored for adverse events (AEs). Participants were asked to complete 2-week AE diaries for 6 weeks post-enrollment, and approximately 2 months after enrollment, active surveillance was conducted through telephone interviews with 1113 (64%) participants. Results A total of 1727 of approximately 10 000 previously prophylaxed persons enrolled to receive 40 additional days of antibiotics. Of these, 199 opted at enrollment to receive three doses of AVA in addition to the additional 40 days of antibiotic. Overall, 28% of participants reported at least one AE on their diaries. Results varied by surveillance mechanism, the diary data indicated differences in the proportion reporting AEs between participants receiving antibiotic only and participants receiving antibiotic and AVA. However, during the active 2-month telephone follow-up, the rates of AEs reported for both the antibiotic only and antibiotic plus AVA treatment regimens were similar. Additionally, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline had similar AE profiles, with only rigors reported significantly more often among ciprolloxacin recipients. Conclusions Overall, the rates of AEs experienced by all participants were acceptable given the seriousness of potential B. anthracis exposure. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Martin, SW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Anthrax Vaccine Safety Team, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS-E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ZMT0@CDC.GOV NR 18 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 6 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1002/pds.1085 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 938CZ UT WOS:000229978800006 PM 15717323 ER PT J AU Yiin, JH Schubauer-Berigan, MK Silver, SR Daniels, RD Kinnes, GA Zaebst, DD Couch, JR Kubale, TL Chen, PH AF Yiin, JH Schubauer-Berigan, MK Silver, SR Daniels, RD Kinnes, GA Zaebst, DD Couch, JR Kubale, TL Chen, PH TI Risk of lung cancer and leukemia from exposure to ionizing radiation and potential confounders among workers at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMBINED MORTALITY DATA; HANFORD SITE; NUCLEAR INDUSTRY; OAK-RIDGE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; BOMB SURVIVORS; WEAPONS-PLANT; MILD-STEEL; WELDERS; EMPLOYEES AB Significantly elevated lung cancer deaths and statistically significantly positive linear trends between leukemia mortality and radiation exposure were reported in a previous analysis of Portsmouth Naval Shipyard workers. The purpose of this study was to conduct a modeling-based analysis that incorporates previously unanalyzed confounders in exploring the exposure-response relationship between cumulative external ionizing radiation exposure and mortality from these cancers among radiation-monitored workers in this cohort. The main analyses were carried out with Poisson regression fitted with maximum likelihood in linear excess relative risk models. Sensitivity analyses varying model components and using other regression models were conducted. The positive association between lung cancer risk and ionizing radiation observed previously was no longer present after adjusting for socioeconomic status (smoking surrogate) and welding fume and asbestos exposures. Excesses of leukemia were found to be positively, though not significantly, associated with external ionizing radiation, with or without including potential confounders. The estimated excess relative risk was 10.88 % (95 % CI-0.90 %, 38.77 %) per 10 mSv of radiation exposure, which was within the ranges of risk estimates in previous epidemiological studies (-4.1 to 19.0 %). These results are limited by many factors and are subject to uncertainties of the exposure and confounder estimates. © 2005 by Radiation Research Society. C1 NIOSH, DSHEFS, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Yiin, JH (reprint author), NIOSH, DSHEFS, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM JYiin@cdc.gov RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009; OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X; Silver, Sharon/0000-0002-7679-5028 NR 42 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 163 IS 6 BP 603 EP 613 DI 10.1667/RR3373 PG 11 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 931NE UT WOS:000229491200001 PM 15913392 ER PT J AU Pohl, HR van Engelen, JGM Wilson, J Sips, AJAM AF Pohl, HR van Engelen, JGM Wilson, J Sips, AJAM TI Risk assessment of chemicals and pharmaceuticals in the pediatric population: A workshop report SO REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE risk assessment; children; PBPK modeling ID BREAST-FEEDING EXPOSURE; PUBLIC-HEALTH VIEWPOINT; FATTY-ACID CONJUGATE; PHARMACOKINETIC DIFFERENCES; DIFFERENTIAL SENSITIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICALS; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; TISSUE DOSIMETRY; CHILDRENS HEALTH; HUMANS AB ATSDR and RIVM organized an Expert Panel Workshop on the Differences Between Children and Adults and Their Relevance to Risk Assessment. The workshop was held in June 2003, in Brussels, Belgium. The purpose of the workshop was to identify data gaps in current scientific knowledge related to children's health and to recognize areas of mutual interest that would serve as the basis for upcoming ATSDR/RIVM cooperative projects. The aim for both agencies is a better understanding of the issues related to children's health, and the improvement of scientifically based (chemical) risk assessment in children. Topics discussed included clinical trials/toxicity studies, testing in juvenile animals, PBPK modeling in children, and children's risk assessment. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, Ctr Subst & Integrated Risk Assessment, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. RP Pohl, HR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hpohl@cdc.gov NR 91 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0273-2300 J9 REGUL TOXICOL PHARM JI Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 1 BP 83 EP 95 DI 10.1016/j.yrtph.2005.01.005 PG 13 WC Medicine, Legal; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Legal Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 931XF UT WOS:000229518100011 PM 15896447 ER PT J AU Davis, KS Burgeson, CR Brener, ND McManus, T Wechsler, H AF Davis, KS Burgeson, CR Brener, ND McManus, T Wechsler, H TI The relationship between qualified personnel and self-reported implementation of recommended physical education practices and programs in US schools SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Article DE physical activity; staff development; teaching practices ID HEALTH POLICIES; CHILDREN AB The authors analyzed data from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 to assess the associations between the presence of a district physical education coordinator and district-level physical education policies and practices recommended by federal government agencies and national organizations. The authors also examined the relationship between teacher qualifications and staff development related to physical education and self-reported implementation of recommended teaching practices. District-level data were collected by self-administered mail questionnaires from a nationally representative sample of school districts. Classroom-level data were collected by computer-assisted personal interviews with teachers of randomly selected classes in elementary schools and randomly selected required physical education courses in middle/junior high and senior high schools. Nearly two thirds (62.2%) of districts had a physical education coordinator, and those were generally more likely than other districts to report having policies and practices that corresponded with national recommendations for high-quality physical education programs. More than two thirds of teachers (66.9%) met the criteria for teacher qualifications based on their education and certification. These teachers were more likely than others to report use of certain recommended physical education teaching practices. Teachers who participated in staff development also were more likely to use recommended teaching practices in their classrooms. Using a district physical education coordinator and teachers with appropriate qualifications as well as offering staff development opportunities on physical education may enhance school physical education programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nad1@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 BP 202 EP 211 PG 10 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 947IR UT WOS:000230637300009 PM 16128487 ER PT J AU Moore, CA Khoury, MJ Bradley, LA AF Moore, CA Khoury, MJ Bradley, LA TI From genetics to genomics: Using gene-based medicine to prevent disease and promote health in children SO SEMINARS IN PERINATOLOGY LA English DT Review DE genetics; genomics; pediatrics; analytic validity; clinical validity; clinical utility ID ETHICAL-ISSUES; INFORMATION; PERFORMANCE; SERVICES; WOMEN; LEGAL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Moore, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Cmoore1@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0146-0005 J9 SEMIN PERINATOL JI Semin. Perinatol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 135 EP 143 DI 10.1053/j.semperi.2005.03.001 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 948FR UT WOS:000230701900001 PM 16114576 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM McClain, T Javanbakht, M Brown, B Aynalem, G Smith, LV Kerndt, PR Peterman, TA AF Taylor, MM McClain, T Javanbakht, M Brown, B Aynalem, G Smith, LV Kerndt, PR Peterman, TA TI Sexually transmitted disease testing protocols, sexually transmitted disease testing, and discussion of sexual behaviors in HIV clinics in Los Angeles county SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MULTICLINIC ASSESSMENT; CARE SETTINGS; MEDICAL-CARE; SAFER-SEX; PREVENTION; MEN; INDIVIDUALS; PHYSICIANS; INFECTION; PROVIDERS AB Objective/Goal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of written protocols for sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening, the frequency and types of STD tests performed, and the occurrence and frequency of obtaining sexual risk assessments among HIV clinics. Study: A survey was administered to 36 medical directors, clinic directors, and HIV providers representing 48 HIV healthcare clinics in Los Angeles. Results: The use of a written or electronic protocol for STD testing was reported by 50% of clinics. Clinics with written or electronic STD protocols were significantly more likely to report questioning patients at each visit regarding their sexual practices (prevalence ratio, 2.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-3.4). Clinics with written or electronic protocols were not more likely to report more frequent STD testing. Conclusions: Written or electronic protocols for STD testing may promote sexual risk assessment questioning among HIV healthcare providers and may help to ensure STD testing per Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/IDSA guidelines for HIV-positive persons at sexual risk. C1 Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, CDC, NCHSTP,DSTDP, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Los Angeles Cty STD Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Infect Dis Serv, CDC, NCHSTP,DSTDP, 150 N 18th Ave,Suite 140, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. EM taylorm@azdhs.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 341 EP 345 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000154500.01801.db PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 929JY UT WOS:000229343600003 PM 15912079 ER PT J AU Niccolai, LM Ickovics, JR Zeller, K Kershaw, TS Milan, S Lewis, JB Ethier, KA AF Niccolai, LM Ickovics, JR Zeller, K Kershaw, TS Milan, S Lewis, JB Ethier, KA TI Knowledge of sex partner treatment for past bacterial STI and risk of current STI SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; DELIVERED THERAPY; PRIVATE-SECTOR; WOMEN; NOTIFICATION; BEHAVIORS; GONORRHEA; DISEASES AB Objectives: Effective partner management is critical in reducing the spread of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between knowledge of partner treatment for a past STI and current infection in the index patient. Methods: In a cross sectional analysis, 97 adolescent females sampled from community based health clinics reported that they had a past diagnosis of chlamydia or gonorrhoea in structured, face to face interviews. At the time of the interview, adolescents were also tested for chlamydia and gonorrhoea using urine based ligase chain reaction testing. Results: 66% of the adolescents reported knowing that their partner was treated for the past infection. Those who knew their partner was treated were less likely to have a current infection, compared to those who did not know (11% v 30%, adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval 4.46 (1.41 to 14.29), p< 0.05). Correlates of not knowing the sex partner was treated included younger age and being in new sex partnership. Conclusions: Efforts to encourage young women to follow up directly with their partners regarding treatment may help to reduce repeat infections and further spread. Furthermore, alternative strategies such as patient delivered therapy may help with partner treatment in this vulnerable population. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, New Haven, CT USA. RP Niccolai, LM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, 60 Coll St,POB 208034, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM linda.niccolai@yale.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [#P01 MH/DA56826, #T32 MH20031] NR 24 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 81 IS 3 BP 271 EP 275 DI 10.1136/sti.2004.012872 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 930RN UT WOS:000229434100020 PM 15923301 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Chapman, DP Kobau, R Balluz, L AF Strine, TW Chapman, DP Kobau, R Balluz, L TI Associations of self-reported anxiety symptoms with health-related quality of life and health behaviors SO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY AND PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anxiety; quality of life; health behaviors; surveillance; mental health ID MOOD DISORDERS; PANIC DISORDER; DEPRESSION; INDIVIDUALS; COMMUNITY; OBESITY; ADULTS AB Background Anxiety disorders affect approximately 19 million American adults annually and have been associated with impaired health-related quality of life (HRQOL), an increased rate of adverse health behaviors, and poor outcomes related to chronic illness in studies conducted in clinical populations. Our study was designed to examine the association of self-reported anxiety symptoms with HRQOL and health behaviors among a representative sample of US community-dwellers. Methods Data were obtained from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an ongoing, state-based, random-digit telephone survey of the non-institutionalized US population aged >= 18 years. In 2002, HRQOL measures were administered in 18 states and the District of Columbia. Results An estimated 15% of persons reported frequent (>= 14 days in the past 30 days) anxiety symptoms. After adjusting for frequent depressive symptoms and sociodemographic characteristics, those with frequent anxiety symptoms were significantly more likely than those without to report fair or poor general health ( vs. excellent, very good, or good general health), frequent physical distress, frequent activity limitations, frequent sleep insufficiency, infrequent vitality, frequent mental distress, and frequent pain. In addition, they were more likely to smoke, to be obese, to be physically inactive, and to drink heavily. Conclusion Given their association with impaired HRQOL and adverse health behaviors, our results suggest that assessment of anxiety symptoms should be a facet of routine standard medical examinations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 44 TC 40 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 3 PU DR DIETRICH STEINKOPFF VERLAG PI DARMSTADT PA PO BOX 10 04 62, D-64204 DARMSTADT, GERMANY SN 0933-7954 J9 SOC PSYCH PSYCH EPID JI Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 432 EP 438 DI 10.1007/s00127-005-0914-1 PG 7 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 943KN UT WOS:000230352500002 PM 16003592 ER PT J AU Arora, S Broderick, JP Frankel, M Heinrich, JP Hickenbottom, S Karp, H LaBresh, KA Malarcher, A Mensah, G Moomaw, CJ Reeves, MJ Schwamm, L Weiss, P AF Arora, S Broderick, JP Frankel, M Heinrich, JP Hickenbottom, S Karp, H LaBresh, KA Malarcher, A Mensah, G Moomaw, CJ Reeves, MJ Schwamm, L Weiss, P CA Paul Coverdell Prototype Registr TI Acute stroke care in the US - Results from 4 pilot prototypes of the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE health care; quality of healthcare; registries; stroke, acute ID ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE; TISSUE-PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; DATA-BANK; QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; EXPERT PANEL; EXPERIENCE; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; THERAPY; NETWORK AB Background and Purpose - The Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry is being developed to improve the quality of acute stroke care. This article describes key features of acute stroke care from 4 prototype registries in Georgia (Ga), Massachusetts ( Mass), Michigan (Mich), and Ohio. Methods - Each prototype developed its own sampling scheme to obtain a representative sample of hospitals. Acute stroke admissions were identified using prospective ( Mass, Mich) or retrospective ( Ga, Ohio) methods. All prototypes used a common set of case definitions and data elements. Weighted site-specific frequencies were generated for each outcome. Results - A total of 6867 admissions from 98 hospitals were included; the majority were ischemic strokes ( range, 52% to 70%) with transient ischemic attack and intracerebral hemorrhage comprising the bulk of the remainder. Between 19% and 26% of admissions were younger than age 60 years, and between 52% and 58% were female. Black subjects varied from 7.1% ( Mich) to 30.6% ( Ga). Between 20% and 25% of admissions arrived at the emergency department within 3 hours of onset. Treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) was administered to between 3.0% ( Ga) and 8.5% ( Mass) of ischemic stroke admissions. Of 118 subjects treated with intravenous rtPA, < 20% received it within 60 minutes of arrival. Compliance with secondary prevention practices was poorest for smoking cessation counseling and best for antithrombotics. Conclusions - A minority of acute stroke patients are treated according to established guidelines. Quality improvement interventions, targeted primarily at the health care systems level, are needed to improve acute stroke care in the United States. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Epidemiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Georgia Med Care Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts PRO, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Reeves, MJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Epidemiol, B 601 W Fee Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM reevesm@msu.edu RI LaBresh, Kenneth/A-6995-2017; OI LaBresh, Kenneth/0000-0001-9040-1956; Schwamm, Lee/0000-0003-0592-9145; Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 35 TC 231 Z9 234 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 6 BP 1232 EP 1240 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000165902.18021.5b PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 929EL UT WOS:000229324800032 ER PT J AU Miller, CH De Staercke, C Benson, J Hooper, WC Dilley, A Evatt, BL Benito, C Patterson-Barnett, A Eller, D Philipp, CS AF Miller, CH De Staercke, C Benson, J Hooper, WC Dilley, A Evatt, BL Benito, C Patterson-Barnett, A Eller, D Philipp, CS TI Elevated factor VII as a risk factor for recurrent fetal loss - Relationship to factor VII gene polymorphisms SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE factor VII; factor VII polymorphisms; fetal loss; recurrent fetal loss ID COAGULATION-FACTOR-VII; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ACTIVATED FACTOR-VII; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; BLOOD-COAGULATION; TISSUE FACTOR; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HEMOSTATIC FACTORS; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; ARTERY-DISEASE AB Haemostatic abnormalities can be detected in a portion of the women who have recurrent fetal loss. We measured factorVII coagulant activity (FVII:C) in 65 women with 3 or more fetal losses (recurrent cases), 31 women with one 2nd or 3rd trimester loss (late loss cases),and 81 women with only live births (controls). FVII:C was greater than 2 standard deviations above the mean for controls in 9 recurrent cases (13.8%) and 2 controls (2.5%) for an odds ratio of 6.35 (95% CI 1.32-30.52, p=0.012). In recurrent cases, mean levels were significantly higher than controls for FVII:C (p=0.003), FVII antigen (p=0.024), and FVlla (p=0.001). Late loss cases had an odds ratio of 4.23 (95% CI 0.67-26.67, p=0.098) with FVII:C, FVII antigen, and FVIIa not significantly different from the controls. DNA was examined for the presence of mutations or polymorphisms in the promoter region of the FVII gene, using denaturing HPLC. Abnormal patterns were confirmed with direct sequencing. A previously reported polymorphism,-402 G > A,was found to be present in 11/14 subjects with elevated FVII:C (79%) and 43% of those with normal levels (p=0.029).FVII:C,FVII antigen and FVIIa varied significantly with genotype; however, genotype frequencies did not differ between controls and either case group. No other promoter polymorphisms were identified. This is the first report of a significant elevation of FVII in a population with recurrent fetal loss. These data suggest the need for further investigation of this potential risk factor. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Peters Univ Hosp, Div Materanal Fetal Med, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Northside Womens Specialists, Atlanta, GA USA. UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. RP Miller, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cmiller2@cdc.gov OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 39 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCHATTAUER GMBH-VERLAG MEDIZIN NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN PI STUTTGART PA HOLDERLINSTRASSE 3, D-70174 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 93 IS 6 BP 1089 EP 1094 DI 10.1160/TH04-09-0583 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 938UL UT WOS:000230028800014 PM 15968393 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Kato, K Gray, EL Wolf, C Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Silva, MJ Kato, K Gray, EL Wolf, C Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Urinary metabolites of di-n-octyl phthalate in rats SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE di-n-octyl phthalate; mono-n-octyl phthalate; mono-3-carboxypropyl phthalate; mono-(7-carboxy-n-heptyl) phthalates; mono-(7hydroxy-n-octyl)phthalate; mono-(7-oxo-n-octyl) phthalates; oxidative metabolisms; phthalates ID EXPERT PANEL REPORT; DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; HUMAN-REPRODUCTION; HUMAN EXPOSURE; NTP CENTER; IN-VITRO; ESTERS; BIOMARKERS; RISKS AB Di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) is a plasticizer used in polyvinyl chloride plastics, cellulose esters, and polystyrene resins. The metabolism of DnOPresults in the hydrolysis of one ester linkage to produce mono-n-octyl phthalate (MnOP), which subsequently metabolizes to form oxidative metabolites, We investigated the toxicokinetics of DnOP in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats by monitoring the excretion of DnOP metabolites in urine after oral administration of DnOP (300 mg/kg). By using authentic standards, the presence of urinary phthalic acid (PA), MnOP, and the major DnOP metabolite, mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) was clearly established. Furthermore, we identified five additional urinary DnOP oxidative metabolites based on their chromatographic behavior and mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern. These DnOP oxidative metabolites, are postulated to be mono-carboxymethyl phthalate (MCMP), mono-(5-carboxy-n-pentyl) phthalate (MCPcP),mono-(7-carboxy-n-heptyl) phthalate (MCHpP), and isomers of mono-hydroxy-n-octyl phthalate (MHOP) (e.g., mono-(7-hydroxy-n-octyl) phthalate) and of mono-oxo-n-octyl phthalate (MOOP) (e.g., mono- (7-oxo-n-octyl) phthalate). The urinary excretion of DnOP metabolites followed a biphasic excretion pattern. The metabolite levels decreased significantly after the first day of DnOP administration although MCPP, MCHpR MHOP, and MOOP were detectable after 4 days. We also studied the in vitro metabolism of DnOP and MnOP by rat liver microsomes. DnOP produced MnOP, MHOP, and PA in vitro whereas, MnOP produced MHOP and PA in vitro at detectable levels. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Endocrinol Branch, Reprod Toxicol Div, Durham, NC 27705 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F17,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 210 IS 2-3 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.tox2005.01.012 PG 11 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 922XM UT WOS:000228873200003 PM 15840426 ER PT J AU Wu, CG Mason, B Jong, J Erdman, D McKernan, L Oakley, M Soucie, M Evatt, B Yu, MYW AF Wu, CG Mason, B Jong, J Erdman, D McKernan, L Oakley, M Soucie, M Evatt, B Yu, MYW TI Parvovirus B19 transmission by a high-purity factor VIII concentrate SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID PLASMA POOLS; BLOOD-PRODUCTS; DNA; INFECTION; HEAT; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; FRACTIONATION; ORGANIZATION; TECHNOLOGY AB Background: Parvovirus B19 (B19) is known to cause a variety of human diseases in susceptible individuals by close contact via the respiratory route or by transfusion of contaminated blood or blood products. In this study, whether a case of B19 transmission was causally related to the infusion of implicated lots of a solvent/detergent (S/D)-treated, immunoaffinity-purified factor VIII concentrate (antihemophilic factor [human][AHF]) was investigated. Study Design and Methods: Anti-B19 (both immunoglobulin M [IgM] and immunoglobulin G [IgG]) and B19 DNA (by a nucleic acid testing [NAT] procedure) were assayed in two implicated product lots, a plasma pool, and a recipient's serum sample. Analysis of the partial B19 sequences obtained from sequencing clones or direct sequencing of the samples was performed. Results: Only one of the two implicated lots was B19 DNA-positive. It contained 1.3 x 10(3) genome equivalents (geq or international units [IU]) per mL. The negative lot was derived from plasma screened for B19 DNA by NAT in a minipool format to exclude high-titer donations, whereas the positive lot was mostly from unscreened plasma. This high-purity AHF product had no detectable anti-B19 IgG. A 4-week postinfusion serum sample from a recipient, who received both lots and became ill, was positive for the presence of B19 antibodies (both IgM and IgG) as well as B19 DNA. The B19 sequences from the positive lot, its plasma pool, and the recipient's serum sample were closely related. Conclusion: These findings and the recipient's clinical history support a causal relationship between the implicated AHF product and B19 infection in this recipient. The seronegative patient became infected after receiving 2 x 10(4) IU (or geq) of B19 DNA, which was present in this S/D-treated, high-purity AHF product. C1 US FDA, Div Hematol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Hemophilia Program, Lebanon, NH USA. RP Yu, MYW (reprint author), US FDA, Div Hematol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, HFM-345,Room 303,29 Lincoln Dr, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA. EM yu@cber.fda.gov NR 36 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 6 BP 1003 EP 1010 DI 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2005.04387.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 927TW UT WOS:000229224400024 PM 15935000 ER PT J AU Ned, RM Moore, JM Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Udhayakumar, V AF Ned, RM Moore, JM Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Udhayakumar, V TI Modulation of immune responses during HIV-malaria co-infection in pregnancy SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; CHONDROITIN SULFATE-A; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; BLOOD-STAGE ANTIGENS; PLACENTAL MALARIA; INFECTED ERYTHROCYTES; INTERVILLOUS BLOOD; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES AB Infection with either HIV or malaria during pregnancy often results in adverse outcomes for mother and child. Co-infection further increases the risks of these events, which include maternal anemia and babies with low birth weight. The immunological bases for the increased susceptibility of HIV-infected mothers to malaria and for the effect of co-infection on mother-to-child transmission of HIV are areas of major importance in public health. In this article, we review current data about humoral and cellular responses to HIV-placental-malaria co-infection and present an immunological hypothesis to explain the epidemiological findings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,Depth Hlth & Human Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Infect Dis, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,Depth Hlth & Human Serv, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM vxu0@cdc.gov RI Ned, Renee/D-3746-2009 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-50240] NR 77 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2005.04.010 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 936UA UT WOS:000229879700010 PM 15922250 ER PT J AU Komar, O Robbins, MB Contreras, GG Benz, BW Klenk, K Blitvich, BJ Marlenee, NL Burkhalter, KL Beckett, S Gonzalvez, G Pena, CJ Peterson, AT Komar, N AF Komar, O Robbins, MB Contreras, GG Benz, BW Klenk, K Blitvich, BJ Marlenee, NL Burkhalter, KL Beckett, S Gonzalvez, G Pena, CJ Peterson, AT Komar, N TI West Nile virus survey of birds and mosquitoes in the Dominican Republic SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; Flavivirus; Caribbean basin; West Indies; Dominican Republic; Haiti; birds; epidemiology ID SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; RAPID DETECTION; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; JAMAICA; INDIES; ASSAYS AB We report West Nile virus (WNV) activity from a new area on Hispaniola, in the vicinity of Monte Cristi National Park in northwest Dominican Republic. Specific anti-WNV antibodies were detected in 12 of 58 (21%) resident birds sampled in March 2003, representing six species in the orders Cuculiformes (cuckoos), Strigiformes (owls), and Passeriformes (song birds). This seroprevalence is the highest reported from any site in the Caribbean Basin. Virus was not detected in any mosquitoes or tissues from bird specimens. Testing of 20 sick or dead birds was negative for WNV. Undetermined flavivirus antibodies were detected in four resident birds at Monte Cristi, as well as in five resident birds at Sierra de Baoruco National Park in southwest Dominican Republic. These data suggest that an unidentified flavivirus, as well as WNV, is active in the Dominican Republic. C1 Univ Kansas, Natl Hist Museum & Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Ctr Nacl Control Enfermedades Trop, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & pathol, Arthropod Bone & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Komar, O (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Natl Hist Museum & Biodivers Res Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM okomar@salvanatura.org RI Peterson, A. Townsend/I-5697-2013 OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU 820510-02] NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 120 EP 126 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.120 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 947IX UT WOS:000230637900005 PM 16011427 ER PT J AU Johnson, BW Kosoy, O Martin, DA Noga, AJ Russell, BJ Johnson, AA Petersen, LR AF Johnson, BW Kosoy, O Martin, DA Noga, AJ Russell, BJ Johnson, AA Petersen, LR TI West Nile virus infection and serologic response among persons previously vaccinated against yellow and Japanese encephalitis viruses SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; West Nile serosurvey; vaccination ID ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT ENHANCEMENT; DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; CROSS-NEUTRALIZATION; UNITED-STATES; FLAVIVIRUSES; DIAGNOSIS; PERSISTENCE; EPIDEMIC; IGM AB It is hypothesized that previous heterologous flaviviral exposure may modulate clinical illness among persons infected with West Nile virus (WNV). Little is known about the serological response in such persons. In summer 2003, a WNV outbreak occurred in Colorado, the location of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (DVBID). DVBID employees, most previously vaccinated with yellow fever virus (YFV) or Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) vaccines, were studied to determine whether previous vaccination affected symptom development among those subsequently infected with WNV during the outbreak, as well as their serological response. Serum samples collected in December 2003 and previously banked samples were tested using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) against WNV, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, dengue-4 virus, JEV, and YFV. Specimens shown to have WNV antibody by PRNT were tested by IgM and IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Ten (9%) of 113 serosurvey participants had WNV neutralizing antibody titers in December 2003. PRNT titers from previous specimens showed that one of the ten had seroconverted to WNV before 2003. Of the remaining nine participants, seven reported illness in the summer of 2003, two of which were unvaccinated and five previously vaccinated. In the December 2003 specimens, five persons previously unvaccinated or vaccinated only against YFV had a fourfold or greater neutralizing titer with WNV than with other flaviviruses, whereas no persons previously vaccinated against JEV or JEV and YFV showed a similar difference in neutralizing titers. Eight of nine persons infected in 2003 had negative or indeterminate WNV MAC-ELISA results in the December 2003 sample; the ninth person was vaccinated against YFV one month previously, and was also YFV positive by MAC-ELISA. We conclude that previous flaviviral vaccination does not markedly affect the development of WNV fever and that the IgM antibody response in patients without neuroinvasive WNV disease is transient. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, DVBID, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Johnson, BW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, DVBID, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM bfj9@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 137 EP 145 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.137 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 947IX UT WOS:000230637900008 PM 16011430 ER PT J AU Bacon, RM Pilgard, MA Johnson, BJB Piesman, J Biggerstaff, BJ Quintana, M AF Bacon, RM Pilgard, MA Johnson, BJB Piesman, J Biggerstaff, BJ Quintana, M TI Rapid detection methods and prevalence estimation for Borrelia lonestari glpQ in Amblyomma americanum (Acari : Ixodidae) pools of unequal size SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 104th General Meeting of the American-Society-for-Microbiology CY MAY 23-27, 2004 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Soc Microbiol DE glpQ; Amblyomma; Borrelia lonestari; Infection rate; lyme disease ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION-RATES; RASH ILLNESS; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; ERYTHEMA MIGRANS; PUTATIVE AGENT; NORTH-CAROLINA AB DNA was extracted from pools of Amblyomma americanum ticks collected from vegetation at two sites in Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri and tested for the presence of Borrelia spp. Two new methods were developed to detect Borrelia lonestari DNA by targeting the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpQ) gene. The first method detected B. lonestari DNA using a SYBR green I melting curve analysis of the PCR product obtained with glpQ gene primers. The second method, a glpQ TaqMan((R)) assay, detected and confirmed the presence of B. lonestari glpQ-specific sequences. Twenty-two of 95 tick pools collected at site A148 contained B. lonestari DNA. None of 19 pools from site A241 contained B. lonestari DNA. No B. burgdorferi sensu lato DNA was detected using a SYBR green I melting curve analysis of the PCR product obtained with outer surface protein A (ospA) primers. The overall B. lonestari infection prevalence (with 95% confidence interval) at site A148 was estimated using two algorithms: minimum infection rate 4.14% (2.45, 5.84) and maximum likelihood with correction 4.82% (3.11, 7.16). The merits of each are discussed. Sequencing of the entire B. lonestari glpQ and partial 16S rRNA genes revealed two genetic variants circulating in this population of A. americanum from Missouri. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. United State Army Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med W, Ft Lewis, WA USA. RP Bacon, RM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. EM RBacon@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 146 EP 156 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.146 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 947IX UT WOS:000230637900009 PM 16011431 ER PT J AU McLaughlin, JB Gessner, BD Bailey, AM AF McLaughlin, JB Gessner, BD Bailey, AM TI Gastroenteritis outbreak among mountaineers climbing the west buttress route of Denali-denali National Park, Alaska, June 2002 SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE alpine; diarrhea; hygiene; prevention ID ALTITUDE; SICKNESS; PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; SYMPTOMS AB Objective.-To determine the burden of and risk factors for diarrheal illness among mountaineers climbing Denali during the spring of 2002. Methods.-We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all willing and available climbers who returned to base camp from June 11 to 14, 2002. We used a questionnaire that addressed illness status, demographics, and potential risk factors for illness. A case of diarrhea was defined as self-reported diarrhea (loose stool) in a Denali climber who did not have diarrhea before arrival at base camp. Results.-Thirty-eight (29%) of the 132 climbers who were interviewed reported experiencing diarrhea at some point on the mountain. Spending 8 or more days at the 17 200-foot high camp; being a member of a climbing party in which at least I other person also had diarrhea, especially if tent occupancy was 3 or more; and not receiving education about disease risk-reduction techniques among climbers who were on a guided expedition were associated with increased risk of illness. Conclusions.-To prevent infectious diarrheal outbreaks among mountaineers climbing Denali (and other highly trafficked alpine routes), we recommend that park staff provide climbers with detailed information related to minimizing disease risk and develop more effective strategies for preventing climbers from depositing fecal material directly into snow along the route, such as establishing and enforcing firmer penalties for noncompliance with existing human waste disposal regulations and requiring the use of personal stool-hauling devices. C1 Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McLaughlin, JB (reprint author), Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, 3601 C St,Suite 540, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM joe_mclaughlin@health.state.ak.us NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 92 EP 96 DI 10.1580/1080-6032(2005)16[92:GOAMCT]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 934WA UT WOS:000229738600005 PM 15974258 ER PT J AU Wolfe, ND Heneine, W Carr, JK Garcia, AD Shanmugam, V Tamoufe, U Torimiro, JN Prosser, AT LeBreton, M Mpoudi-Ngole, E McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Folks, TM Burke, DS Switzer, WM AF Wolfe, ND Heneine, W Carr, JK Garcia, AD Shanmugam, V Tamoufe, U Torimiro, JN Prosser, AT LeBreton, M Mpoudi-Ngole, E McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Folks, TM Burke, DS Switzer, WM TI Emergence of unique primate T-lymphotropic viruses among central African bushmeat hunters SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE retrovirus; zoonosis; simian; exposures; diversity ID NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SUBTYPE-B; INFECTION; TYPE-1; EVOLUTION; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; RETROVIRUS; SEQUENCE AB The human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLVs) types 1 and 2 originated independently and are related to distinct lineages of simian T-lymphotropic viruses (STLV-1 and STLV-2, respectively). These facts, along with the finding that HTLV-1 diversity appears to have resulted from multiple cross-species transmissions of STLV-1, suggest that contact between humans and infected nonhuman primates (NHPs) may result in HTLV emergence. We investigated the diversity of HTLV among central Africans reporting contact with NHP blood and body fluids through hunting, butchering, and keeping primate pets. We show that this population is infected with a wide variety of HTLVs, including two previously unknown retroviruses: HTLV-4 is a member of a phylogenetic lineage that is distinct from all known HTLVs and STLVs; HTLV-3 falls within the phylogenetic diversity of STLV-3, a group not previously seen in humans. We also document human infection with multiple STLV-1-like viruses. These results demonstrate greater HTLV diversity than previously recognized and suggest that NHP exposure contributes to HTLV emergence. Our discovery of unique and divergent HTLVs has implications for HTLV diagnosis, blood screening, and potential disease development in infected persons. The findings also indicate that cross-species transmission is not the rate-limiting step in pandemic retrovirus emergence and suggest that it may be possible to predict and prevent disease emergence by surveillance of populations exposed to animal reservoirs and interventions to decrease risk factors, such as primate hunting. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Army Hlth Res Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bis3@cdc.gov OI /0000-0002-5704-8094 FU FIC NIH HHS [2D43TW000010-17AITRP, 5 K01 TW000003-05, D43 TW000010, K01 TW000003]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI042855, P30 AI42855] NR 37 TC 223 Z9 233 U1 3 U2 21 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 22 BP 7994 EP 7999 DI 10.1073/pnas.0501734102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 932CE UT WOS:000229531000039 PM 15911757 ER PT J AU Serpi, TL Wiersema, B Hackman, H Ortega, L Jacquemin, BJ Weintraub, KS Kohn, M Millet, L Carter, LP Weis, MA Head, KE Powell, V Mueller, M Paulozzi, LJ White, D Ryan, G AF Serpi, TL Wiersema, B Hackman, H Ortega, L Jacquemin, BJ Weintraub, KS Kohn, M Millet, L Carter, LP Weis, MA Head, KE Powell, V Mueller, M Paulozzi, LJ White, D Ryan, G CA CDC TI Homicide and suicide rates - National Violent Death Reporting System, six states, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 377-380, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Massachusetts Dept Hlth, Boston, MA USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Salem, OR USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. CDC, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Serpi, TL (reprint author), Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RI Wiersema, Brian/E-5305-2012 OI Wiersema, Brian/0000-0003-4026-7888 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 20 BP 2464 EP 2465 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 929BX UT WOS:000229318200010 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Neuzil, KM Whitney, CG Starkovich, P Dunstan, M Yu, OC Nelson, JC Feikin, DR Shay, DK Baggs, J Carste, B Nahm, MH Carlone, G AF Jackson, LA Neuzil, KM Whitney, CG Starkovich, P Dunstan, M Yu, OC Nelson, JC Feikin, DR Shay, DK Baggs, J Carste, B Nahm, MH Carlone, G TI Safety of varying dosages of 7-valent pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine in seniors previously vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal vaccine; conjugate vaccine; vaccine safety ID OLDER-ADULTS; EFFICACY; TRIAL AB In a phase I/II dose escalation study, varying volumes (0.1 ml, 0.5 ml, 1.0 ml and 2.0 ml) of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) (Prevnar®) or 0.5 ml of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) were administered to 220 adults 70 through 79 years of age previously vaccinated with 0.5 ml PPV at age 65 years or above and at least 5 years previously. Fever was uncommon and did not vary by study group. The rate of local reactions increased with higher volumes of PCV and the rate following 2.0 ml of PCV was comparable to that following 0.5 ml PPV. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Hlth Studies, Grp Hlth Cooperat, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Puget Sound Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), Ctr Hlth Studies, Grp Hlth Cooperat, 1730 Minor Ave,Ste 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. EM jackson.l@ghc.org OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820; Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683; Nahm, Moon/0000-0002-6922-1042 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 28 BP 3697 EP 3703 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.02.017 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 931KK UT WOS:000229484000010 PM 15882530 ER PT J AU Bankamp, B Wilson, J Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Bankamp, B Wilson, J Bellini, WJ Rota, PA TI Identification of naturally occurring amino acid variations that affect the ability of the measles virus C protein to regulate genome replication and transcription SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE MV C protein; mini-genome replication ID VIRAL-RNA SYNTHESIS; EDMONSTON VACCINE LINEAGE; L-POLYMERASE PROTEIN; WILD-TYPE; V-PROTEINS; MINIGENOME REPLICATION; ANTIVIRAL ACTION; MESSENGER-RNA; GENE-PRODUCTS; IN-VIVO AB The C protein of measles virus (MVC) is a basic protein of 186 amino acids (aa) that plays at least two roles in infected cells, interference with the innate immune response and modulation of viral polymerase activity. In this study, Northern blots were used to demonstrate that C proteins from three vaccine strains and three wild-type isolates of MV downregulated both mRNA transcription and genome replication in a plasmid-based mini-genome assay. The effect on transcription always paralleled the effect on replication; however, the six MV C proteins varied considerably in their ability to inhibit polymerase activity. Though the amino-terminal 45 aa of the C protein are more variable among different MV strains than the remaining 75% of the protein, the ability of the MV C proteins to inhibit polymerase activity was not regulated by substitutions in the amino terminus, but rather by the more conserved region containing aa 46-167. Naturally occurring substitutions at positions 147 and 166, but not 88 and 186, were found to regulate MV C protein activity. Deletion of the carboxyl-terminal 19 aa did not affect the polymerase-modulating activity. Though we did not find a link between the aa changes in MV C and attenuation, these data provide new information regarding the functions of this non-structural protein. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpes Virus Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Furman Univ, Greenville, SC 29613 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Mumps Rubella & Herpes Virus Team, Mail Stop C-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM prota@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 336 IS 1 BP 120 EP 129 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2005.03.009 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 924SU UT WOS:000229001500012 PM 15866077 ER PT J AU Imai, K Zhang, P AF Imai, K Zhang, P TI Integrating economic analysis into clinical trials SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Imai, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kimai@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9473 BP 1749 EP 1750 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66390-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 928SI UT WOS:000229291600005 PM 15910936 ER PT J AU Crothers, K Beard, CB Turner, J Groner, G Fox, M Morris, A Eiser, S Huang, L AF Crothers, K Beard, CB Turner, J Groner, G Fox, M Morris, A Eiser, S Huang, L TI Severity and outcome of HIV-associated Pneumocystis pneumonia containing Pneumocystis jirovecii dihydropteroate synthase gene mutations SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Pneumocystis; Pneumocystis jirovecii; Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP); HIV; AIDS; dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS); DHPS gene mutation; mortality ID SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS FAILURES; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; AIDS PATIENTS; TRANSMISSION; CORRELATE; SURVIVAL AB Background: The impact of Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly P. carinii) dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) gene mutations on morbidity and mortality of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in HIV-positive patients is unclear. Objective: To determine whether severity and outcome of HIV-associated PCP differes according to DHPS genotype. Setting: A prospective, observational study in a university-affiliated county hospital. Patients: The study included 197 patients with 215 microscopically confirmed PCP episodes and successfully sequenced DHPS genotypes; 175 (81 %) episodes displayed mutant genotypes. Main outcome measure: All-cause mortality within 60 days. Results: The majority of patients (86 %) with PCP containing Pneumocystis DHPS mutations survived. Although severity of PCP was comparable, there was a trend for more patients with mutant genotypes than patients with wild-type to require mechanical ventilation (14.3 % versus 2.5 %; P = 0.056) and to die (14.3 % versus 7.5 %, P = 0.31). Independent predictors of mortality at baseline were low serum albumin levels [odds ratio (OR), 4.62; 95 % confidence interval (Cl), 1.63-13.1; P = 0.004] and requiring intensive care within 72 h of hospitalization (OR, 5.06; 95 % Cl, 1.43-18.0; P = 0.012). Conclusion: The majority of HIV-infected patients with PCP containing mutant Pneumocystis DHPS genotypes survived. Mortality was related primarily to the underlying severity of illness. However, a trend towards increased mortality in episodes of PCP containing mutant DHPS genotypes was observed and this warrants further study. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Posit Hlth Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Crothers, K (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 333 Cedar St,TAC 441,POB 208057, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM kristina.crothers@yale.edu RI Andrade, Hugo/M-6631-2013; OI Andrade, Hugo/0000-0001-6781-6125; Crothers, Kristina/0000-0001-9702-0371 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K23 HL072117, K23 HL072117-02, K23 HL072837] NR 21 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 8 BP 801 EP 805 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000168974.67090.70 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 930MM UT WOS:000229420100007 PM 15867494 ER PT J AU Rajeevan, MS Swan, DC Nisenbaum, R Lee, DR Vernon, SD Ruffin, MT Horowitz, IR Flowers, LC Kmak, D Tadros, T Birdsong, G Husain, M Srivastava, S Unger, ER AF Rajeevan, MS Swan, DC Nisenbaum, R Lee, DR Vernon, SD Ruffin, MT Horowitz, IR Flowers, LC Kmak, D Tadros, T Birdsong, G Husain, M Srivastava, S Unger, ER TI Epidemiologic and viral factors associated with cervical neoplasia in HPV-16-positive women SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE HPV-16 E6/E7 transcripts; biomarker; cervical neoplasia; screening; exfoliated cervical cells ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPES; INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; TYPE-16; LOAD; PCR; INFECTION; RISK; DNA; QUANTITATION AB While infection with high-risk HPV is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer, HPV alone is insufficient. Our purpose was to identify viral and epidemiologic factors associated with cervical disease in HPV-16 DNA-positive women referred to colposcopy. We used a standardized interview to collect epidemiologic data from consenting women. Total nucleic acids from exfoliated cervical cells were used for all viral assays (HPV detection and typing using L1 consensus PCR with line probe hybridization, variant classification by sequencing, viral load and transcript copy determination by quantitative PCR and transcript pattern by nested RT-PCR). Cervical disease was based on colposcopic biopsy. Logistic regression was used to calculate ORs with 95% CIs. There were 115 HPV-16 positive women among 839 enrollees. By univariate analyses, age > 25 years (OR = 3.05, 95% CI 1.20-7.76), smoking (OR = 3.0,95% CI 1.19-7.56), high viral load (OR = 5.27, 95% CI 2.05-13.60), detection of both E6 and E6*1 transcripts (OR = 10.0, 95% CI 2.1-47.58) and high transcript copies (OR = 5.56, 95% CI 2.05-13.60) were significant risk factors for CIN III with reference to No CIN/CIN I. Less than a third of the women (31.5%) had prototype HPV-16 detected, and variants showed no association with disease, viral load or transcription. Viral DNA and transcript copies were highly correlated, and the ratio of transcript copies to DNA copies was not changed with disease status. While viral load, transcript copies and transcript pattern were statistically associated with CIN III, none of these measures effectively discriminated between HPV-16 women with disease requiring treatment and those who could be followed. Cellular proliferation and differentiation pathways affected by HPV should be investigated as biomarkers for cervical cancer screening. (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. NCI, Rockville, MD USA. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSG-41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eunger@cdc.gov OI Ruffin, Mack/0000-0001-8336-478X; Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 FU NCI NIH HHS [K24 CA80846] NR 29 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 115 IS 1 BP 114 EP 120 DI 10.1002/ijc.20894 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 918GP UT WOS:000228530600014 PM 15688414 ER PT J AU Dietz, WH Robinson, TN AF Dietz, WH Robinson, TN TI Overweight children and adolescents. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; CHILDHOOD OBESITY; BARIATRIC SURGERY; PEDIATRIC OBESITY; WEIGHT-LOSS; HEALTH; AMERICAN; DISEASE; FAT AB A seven-year-old girl is 130 cm tall (51 in., the 90th percentile for girls ofthe same age) and weighs 34.6 kg (76 lb, above the 95th percentile), with a body-mass index (defined as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) of 20.5 (above the 95th percentile). Physical examination reveals no abnormalities aside from her excess weight. Her family eats at a quick-service restaurant once a week, and she drinks approximately 16 oz (450 ml) of soft drinks and 8 oz (225 ml) of whole milk per day. Her physical activity is limited to 30 minutes of physical education twice per week and 20-minute recesses three days per week in school. She has approximately 4.5 hours of screen time per day, which is divided among the television sets in her bedroom and in the family room and the family computer. What should you advise? C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Pediat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wcd4@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 234 Z9 241 U1 2 U2 13 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAY 19 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 20 BP 2100 EP 2109 DI 10.1056/NEJMcp043052 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 927GJ UT WOS:000229180100008 PM 15901863 ER PT J AU Euler, GL Bridges, CB Brown, CJ Lu, PJ Singleton, J Stokley, S McCauley, M Link, MW Mokdad, AH Elam-Evans, L Balluz, LS Garvin, WS Bartoli, WP Town, GM Sussman-Walsh, M O'Neill, K Gilbertz, D AF Euler, GL Bridges, CB Brown, CJ Lu, PJ Singleton, J Stokley, S McCauley, M Link, MW Mokdad, AH Elam-Evans, L Balluz, LS Garvin, WS Bartoli, WP Town, GM Sussman-Walsh, M O'Neill, K Gilbertz, D CA CDC TI Estimated influenza vaccination coverage among adults and children - United States, September 1, 2004-January 31, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, vol 304-307, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Euler, GL (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 18 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 19 BP 2334 EP 2336 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 926JX UT WOS:000229120600010 ER PT J CA CDC TI Brief report: Outbreak of Marburg virus hemorrhagic fever - Angola, October 1, 2004-March 29, 2005 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 308-309, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 18 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 19 BP 2336 EP 2336 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 926JX UT WOS:000229120600011 ER PT J AU Toscano, CD O'callaghan, JP Guilarte, TR AF Toscano, CD O'callaghan, JP Guilarte, TR TI Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II activity and expression are altered in the hippocampus of Pb2+-exposed rats SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII); NMDA receptor (NMDAR); Lead (Pb2+); calcium signaling; enzyme kinetic; phosphorylation ID LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; DEVELOPMENTAL LEAD-EXPOSURE; NMDA RECEPTOR SUBUNIT; GYRUS IN-VIVO; INORGANIC LEAD; HYBRIDIZATION HISTOCHEMISTRY; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; LEARNING-DEFICITS; NERVOUS-SYSTEM; CAMKII AB In the present study, we examined whether calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is affected by chronic developmental Ph2+ exposure. The effects of Pb2+ exposure on rat hippocampal CaMKII were assessed by measuring CaMKII activity, phosphorylation of CaMKII at threonine-286, and CaMKII alpha and beta protein levels. In the hippocampus of Pb2+-exposed 50-day-old rats known to exhibit deficits in hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and spatial learning, there was a marked reduction (41%) in the apparent maximal velocity (Vmax) of CaMKII and a significant increase (22%) in apparent affinity of the enzyme. These Pb2+-induced changes in CaMKII activity could not be explained by changes in enzyme phosphorylation at threonine-286 or sensitivity to calmodulin. In vitro incubation of hippocampal homogenates from control rats, but not from Pb2+-exposed rats, with Pb2+ prior to assay recapitulated the 21 increase in the affinity of the enzyme observed with in vivo exposure to Pb2+. Western blots of cytosolic and membrane fractions from hippocampus showed a significant decrease in the levels of CaMKII-beta but not a protein in the cytosolic fraction of Pb2+-exposed rats. These findings indicate effects of developmental Pb2+ exposure on CaMKII, a component of calcium signaling associated with synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Div Toxicol Sci, Lab Mol Neurotoxicol, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Branch,Mol Neurotoxicol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Guilarte, TR (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Div Toxicol Sci, Lab Mol Neurotoxicol, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E6622, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tguilart@jhsph.edu RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES06189, ES07141] NR 43 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD MAY 17 PY 2005 VL 1044 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.02.076 PG 8 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 928MU UT WOS:000229276700007 PM 15862789 ER PT J AU Westerman, LE McClure, HM Jiang, BM Almond, JW Glass, RI AF Westerman, LE McClure, HM Jiang, BM Almond, JW Glass, RI TI Serum IgG mediates mucosal immunity against rotavirus infection SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE non-human primate; passive immunization ID T-CELLS; PARENTERAL IMMUNIZATION; MURINE MODEL; B-CELLS; PROTECTION; MICE; ANTIBODY; CHILDREN; VACCINE; LYMPHOCYTES AB We evaluated the protective role of passively transferred circulating antibodies in protecting non-human primates against experimental rotavirus infection. Pooled sera with rotavirus-specific IgG titers that were either high (1:10,000), intermediate (1:300), or negative (< 1:25) were infused i.v. into naive pigtailed macaques (ages 376 months). Rotavirus-specific IgG could be detected in the sera at 18 h in all animals infused with anti body-containing serum, and fecal IgG titers could be detected only in animals given high-titer pooled sera. When orally challenged with 10(6) fluorescent-forming units of a simian rotavirus strain, YK-1, at 18 h after serum transfer, control animals shed virus starting 1-3 days after challenge and continued to shed virus at high titers for 6-8 days, whereas passively immunized macaques did not shed virus or had delayed shedding at low titers for only a limited time. The observation that passively transferred antibodies can suppress or delay viral infection in rotavirus-challenged pigtailed macaques has important implications for the design and testing of parenteral candidate rotavirus vaccines. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Aventis Pasteur, F-69007 Lyon, France. RP Westerman, LE (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lew2@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00165, P51 RR000165] NR 44 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAY 17 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 20 BP 7268 EP 7273 DI 10.1073/pnas.0502437102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 928SO UT WOS:000229292200039 PM 15883382 ER PT J AU Larsson, HJ Eaton, WW Madsen, KM Vestergaard, M Olesen, AV Agerbo, E Schendel, D Thorsen, P Mortensen, PB AF Larsson, HJ Eaton, WW Madsen, KM Vestergaard, M Olesen, AV Agerbo, E Schendel, D Thorsen, P Mortensen, PB TI Risk factors for autism: Perinatal factors, parental psychiatric history, and socioeconomic status SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autistic disorder; fetal growth retardation; mental disorders; parturition; perinatology; pregnancy outcome ID NEONATAL FACTORS; OBSTETRIC COMPLICATIONS; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INFANTILE-AUTISM; BIRTH-WEIGHT; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; DISORDERS AB Research suggests that heredity and early fetal development play a causal role in autism. This case-control study explored the association between perinatal factors, parental psychiatric history, socioeconomic status, and risk of autism. The study was nested within a cohort of all children born in Denmark after 1972 and at risk of being diagnosed with autism until December 1999. Prospectively recorded data were obtained from nationwide registries in Denmark. Cases totaled 698 children with a diagnosis of autism; each case was individually matched by gender, birth year, and age to 25 controls. Analyses by conditional logistic regression produced risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted analyses showed that the risk of autism was associated with breech presentation (risk ratio (RR) = 1.63, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 2.26), low Apgar score at 5 minutes (RR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.27), gestational age at birth < 35 weeks (RR = 2.45, 95% CI: 1.55, 3.86), and parental psychiatric history (schizophrenia-like psychosis: RR = 3.44, 95% CI: 1.48, 7.95; affective disorder: RR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.65, 5.14). Analyses showed no statistically significant association between risk of autism and weight for gestational age, parity, number of antenatal visits, parental age, or socioeconomic status. Results suggest that prenatal environmental factors and parental psychopathology are associated with the risk of autism. These factors seem to act independently. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Aarhus, Denmark. Aarhus Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Epidemiol, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Aarhus, Denmark. Univ Aarhus, Natl Ctr Register Based Res, Aarhus, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eaton, WW (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hlth, 624 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM weaton@jhsph.edu RI Vestergaard, Mogens/M-9333-2014; Agerbo, Esben /A-2645-2012; Mortensen, Preben/D-2358-2015 OI Vestergaard, Mogens/0000-0001-8830-2174; Agerbo, Esben /0000-0002-2849-524X; Mortensen, Preben/0000-0002-5230-9865 FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH53188] NR 41 TC 304 Z9 313 U1 7 U2 59 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 10 BP 916 EP 925 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi123 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 923SQ UT WOS:000228930000002 PM 15870155 ER PT J AU Raghunathan, PL Whitney, EAS Asamoa, K Stienstra, Y Taylor, TH Amofah, GK Ofori-Adjei, D Dobos, K Guarner, J Martin, S Pathak, S Klutse, E Etuaful, S van der Graaf, WIA van der Werf, TS King, CH Tappero, JW Ashford, DA AF Raghunathan, PL Whitney, EAS Asamoa, K Stienstra, Y Taylor, TH Amofah, GK Ofori-Adjei, D Dobos, K Guarner, J Martin, S Pathak, S Klutse, E Etuaful, S van der Graaf, WIA van der Werf, TS King, CH Tappero, JW Ashford, DA TI Risk factors for Buruli ulcer disease (Mycobacterium ulcerans infection): Results from a case-control study in Ghana SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COTE-DIVOIRE; CONTROLLED TRIAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BCG; ENVIRONMENT; MYCOLACTONE; OUTBREAK; FEATURES; INSECTS; REGIONS AB Background. Morbidity due to Buruli ulcer disease (BUD), a cutaneous infection caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, has been increasingly recognized in rural West Africa. The source and mode of transmission remain unknown. Methods. To identify BUD risk factors, we conducted a case-control study in 3 BUD-endemic districts in Ghana. We enrolled case patients with clinically diagnosed BUD and obtained skin biopsy specimens. M. ulcerans infection was confirmed by at least I of the following diagnostic methods: histopathologic analysis, culture, polymerase chain reaction, and Ziehl-Neelsen staining of a lesion smear. We compared characteristics of case patients with confirmed BUD with those of age- and community-matched control subjects using conditional logistic regression analysis. Results. Among 121 case patients with confirmed BUD, leg lesions (49%) or arm lesions (36%) were common. Male case patients were significantly more likely than female case patients to have lesions on the trunk (25% vs. 6%; P = .009). Multivariable modeling among 116 matched case-control pairs identified wading in a river as a risk factor for BUD (odds ratio [OR], 2.69; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 1.27-5.68; P = .0096). Wearing a shirt while farming (OR, 0.27; 95% Cl, 0.11-0.70; P = .0071), sharing indoor living space with livestock (OR, 0.36; 95% Cl, 0.15-0.86; P = .022), and bathing with toilet soap (OR, 0.41; 95% Cl, 0.19-0.90; P = .026) appeared to be protective. BUD was not significantly associated with penetrating injuries (P = .14), insect bites near water bodies (P = .84), bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination (P = .33), or human immunodeficiency virus infection (P = .99). Conclusions. BUD is an environmentally acquired infection strongly associated with exposure to river areas. Exposed skin may facilitate transmission. Until transmission is better defined, control strategies in BUD-endemic areas could include covering exposed skin. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ghana Hlth Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Accra, Ghana. Noguchi Mem Inst Med Res, Accra, Ghana. Univ Groningen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, NL-9713 EZ Groningen, Netherlands. RP Raghunathan, PL (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pgr4@cdc.gov RI Stienstra, Ymkje/F-2222-2010; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; van der Graaf, Winette/A-5006-2014; Dobos, Karen/D-1170-2017 OI Stienstra, Ymkje/0000-0002-8844-8859; Dobos, Karen/0000-0001-7115-8524 NR 39 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1445 EP 1453 DI 10.1086/429623 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 917MG UT WOS:000228465500010 PM 15844067 ER PT J AU Weiner, M Benator, D Burman, W Peloquin, CA Khan, A Vernon, A Jones, B Silva-Trigo, C Zhao, Z Hodge, T AF Weiner, M Benator, D Burman, W Peloquin, CA Khan, A Vernon, A Jones, B Silva-Trigo, C Zhao, Z Hodge, T CA Tuberculosis Trials Consortium TI Association between acquired rifamycin resistance and the pharmacokinetics of rifabutin and isoniazid among patients with HIV and tuberculosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RIFAMPIN-MONORESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; ONCE-WEEKLY RIFAPENTINE; RISK-FACTORS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; RELAPSE; MODEL AB Background. The occurrence of acquired rifamycin resistance despite use of directly observed therapy for tuberculosis is associated with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and highly intermittent administration of antituberculosis drugs. Beyond these associations, the pathogenesis of acquired rifamycin resistance is unknown. Methods. We performed a pharmacokinetic substudy of patients in a trial of treatment with twice-weekly rifabutin and isoniazid. Results. A total of 102 (60%) of 169 patients in the treatment trial participated in the pharmacokinetic substudy, including 7 of 8 patients in whom tuberculosis treatment failure or relapse occurred in association with acquired rifamycin-resistant mycobacteria (hereafter, "ARR failure or relapse"). The median rifabutin area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-24)) was lower for patients with than for patients without ARR failure or relapse (3.3 vs. 5.2 mu g*h/mL; P = .06, by the Mann-Whitney exact test). In a multivariate analysis adjusted for CD4(+) T cell count, the mean rifabutin AUC(0-24) was significantly lower for patients with ARR failure or relapse than for other patients (3.0 mu g*h/mL [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.9-4.5] vs. 5.2 mu g*h/mL [95% CI, 4.6-5.8]; P = .02, by analysis of covariance). The median isoniazid AUC(0-12) was not significantly associated with ARR failure or relapse (20.6 vs. 28.0 mu g*h/mL; P = .24, by the Mann-Whitney exact test). However, in a multivariate logistic regression model that adjusted for the rifabutin AUC(0-24), a lower isoniazid AUC(0-12) was associated with ARR failure or relapse (OR, 10.5; 95% CI, 1.1-100; P = .04). Conclusions. Lower plasma concentrations of rifabutin and, perhaps, isoniazid were associated with ARR failure or relapse in patients with tuberculosis and HIV infection treated with twice-weekly therapy. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. S Texas Vet Hlth Care Syst, San Antonio, TX USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20422 USA. George Washington Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20037 USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Pharm, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Univ Colorado, Sch Med, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Univ So Calif Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Weiner, M (reprint author), VAMC, Div Infect Dis 111F, 7400 Merton Minter Blvd, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. EM weiner@uthscsa.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01346] NR 23 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1481 EP 1491 DI 10.1086/429321 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 917MG UT WOS:000228465500015 PM 15844071 ER PT J AU Lee, NE Taylor, MM Bancroft, E Ruane, PJ Morgan, M McCoy, L Simon, PA AF Lee, NE Taylor, MM Bancroft, E Ruane, PJ Morgan, M McCoy, L Simon, PA TI Risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections among HIV-Positive men who have sex with men SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INDUCIBLE CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE; PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; FOOTBALL TEAM; SINGLE CLONE; OUTBREAK; FURUNCULOSIS; EPIDEMIC AB We investigated community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin infections among HIV-positive men who have sex with men. We performed a matched case-control study of 35 case patients and 76 control subjects. CA-MRSA skin infections were associated with high-risk sex and drug-using behaviors and with environmental exposures but not with immune status. C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Tower ID Med Associates, Los Angeles, CA USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. RP Lee, NE (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, 313 N Figueroa St,Rm 127, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. EM nlee@ladhs.org NR 29 TC 107 Z9 110 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1529 EP 1534 DI 10.1086/429827 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 917MG UT WOS:000228465500022 PM 15844078 ER PT J AU Munsiff, SS Ahuja, SD AF Munsiff, SS Ahuja, SD TI Patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis who were treated with standardized short-course chemotherapy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, New York, NY 10007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Munsiff, SS (reprint author), NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur TB Control, 225 Broadway,22nd Fl,CN72B, New York, NY 10007 USA. EM smunsiff@health.nyc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 10 BP 1549 EP 1550 DI 10.1086/429727 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 917MG UT WOS:000228465500028 PM 15844084 ER PT J AU Vijay-Kumar, M Gentsch, JR Kaiser, WJ Borregaard, N Offermann, MK Neish, AS Gewirtz, AT AF Vijay-Kumar, M Gentsch, JR Kaiser, WJ Borregaard, N Offermann, MK Neish, AS Gewirtz, AT TI Protein kinase R mediates intestinal epithelial gene remodeling in response to double-stranded RNA and live rotavirus SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR-3; NF-KAPPA-B; DECREASED EXPRESSION; BACTERIAL FLAGELLIN; INNATE IMMUNITY; IN-VIVO; CELLS; ACTIVATION; INFECTION; PKR AB As sentinels of host defense, intestinal epithelial cells respond to the viral pathogen rotavirus by activating a gene expression that promotes immune cell recruitment and activation. We hypothesized that epithelial sensing of rotavirus might target dsRNA, which can be detected by TLR3 or protein kinase R (PKR). Accordingly, we observed that synthetic dsRNA, polyinosinic acid:cytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), potently induced gene remodeling in model intestinal epithelia with the specific pattern of expressed genes, including both classic proinflammatory genes (e.g., IL-8), as well as genes that are classically activated in virus-infected cells (e.g., IFN-responsive genes). Poly(I:C)-induced IL-8 was concentration dependent (2100 mu g/ml) and displayed slower kinetics compared with IL-8 induced by bacterial flagellin (ET50 similar to 24 vs 8 h poly(I:C) vs flagellin, respectively). Although model epithelia expressed detectable TLR3 mRNA, neither TLR3-neutralizing Abs nor chloroquine, which blocks activation of intracellular TLR3, attenuated epithelial responses to poly(I:C). Conversely, poly(I:C)-induced phosphorylation of PKR and inhibitors of PKR, 2-aminopurine and adenine, ablated poly(I:C)-induced gene expression but had no effect on gene expression induced by flagellin, thus suggesting that intestinal epithelial cell detection of dsRNA relies on PKR. Consistent with poly(I:C) detection by an intracellular molecule such as PKR, we observed that both uptake of and responses to poly(I:C) were polarized to the basolateral side. Lastly, we observed that the pattern of pharmacologic inhibition of responses to poly(I:C) was identical to that seen in response to infection by live rotavirus, indicating a potentially important role for PKR in activating intestinal epithelial gene expression in rotavirus infection. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Epithelial Pathobiol Unit, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Team, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Rigshosp, Dept Hematol, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. RP Gewirtz, AT (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Epithelial Pathobiol Unit, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Pathol WBRB 105H,615 Michael St, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM agewirt@emory.edu RI Neish, Andrew/B-3895-2009; Kaiser, William/A-3079-2012 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R24 DK064399, DK061417] NR 59 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 174 IS 10 BP 6322 EP 6331 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 924DL UT WOS:000228958900053 PM 15879132 ER PT J AU Bern, C Kawai, V Vargas, D Rabke-Verani, J Williamson, J Chavez-Valdez, R Xiao, LH Sulaiman, I Vivar, A Ticona, E Navincopa, M Cama, V Moura, H Secor, WE Visvesvara, G Gilman, RH AF Bern, C Kawai, V Vargas, D Rabke-Verani, J Williamson, J Chavez-Valdez, R Xiao, LH Sulaiman, I Vivar, A Ticona, E Navincopa, M Cama, V Moura, H Secor, WE Visvesvara, G Gilman, RH TI The epidemiology of intestinal microsporidiosis in patients with HIV/AIDS in Lima, Peru SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LIGHT-MICROSCOPIC DETECTION; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; CHRONIC DIARRHEA; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; AIDS PATIENTS; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; PREVALENCE; SURVIVAL AB We studied microsporidiosis in human immunodeficiency virus - positive patients in 2 Lima hospitals. Of 2652 patients, 66% were male, 6% received antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the median CD4 lymphocyte count was 131 cells/mu L. Sixty-seven patients (3%) had microsporidiosis; stool specimens from 56 were identified as having Enterocytozoon bieneusi of 10 different genotypes. The 2 most common genotypes, Peru-1 and Peru-2, were not associated with significant increases in chronic diarrhea; other genotypes were associated with a 4-fold increased risk. Risk factors for E. bieneusi infection segregated by genotype: contact with duck or chicken droppings and lack of running water, flush toilet, or garbage collection with genotype Peru-1 and watermelon consumption with other genotypes. Shortened survival was associated with low CD4 lymphocyte count (P<.0001), no ART (P<.0001), and cryptosporidiosis (P=.004) but not with microsporidiosis (P=.48). Our data suggest the possibility of zoonotic E. bieneusi transmission and an association with poor sanitary conditions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Hosp Arzobispo Loayza, Lima, Peru. Hosp Dos Mayo, Lima, Peru. Asociac Benefica Proyectos & Informat Salud Med &, Lima, Peru. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis F22, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cbern@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Chavez-Valdez, Raul/0000-0002-0788-8028 NR 27 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 10 BP 1658 EP 1664 DI 10.1086/429674 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 917MB UT WOS:000228465000011 PM 15838792 ER PT J CA CDC TI Trends in tuberculosis - United States, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 245-249, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 11 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 18 BP 2205 EP 2207 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 924LU UT WOS:000228981100011 ER PT J CA CDC TI Progress in reducing measles mortality - Worldwide, 1999-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 200-203, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UN Childrens Fund, New York, NY USA. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), WHO, Dept Immunizat Vaccines & Biol, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 11 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 18 BP 2207 EP 2208 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 924LU UT WOS:000228981100012 ER PT J AU Gordon, ER Krebs, JW Rupprecht, CR Real, LA Childs, JE AF Gordon, ER Krebs, JW Rupprecht, CR Real, LA Childs, JE TI Persistence of elevated rabies prevention costs following post-epizootic declines in rates of rabies among raccoons (Procyon lotor) SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cost; economics; epizootic; rabies; raccoon; surveillance ID PUBLIC VETERINARY-MEDICINE; UNITED-STATES; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; NEW-YORK; SURVEILLANCE; HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPOSURES; DYNAMICS; VACCINE AB Determining the benefits to cost relationships among different approaches to rabies control and prevention has been hindered by the inherent temporal variability in the dynamics of disease among wildlife reservoir hosts and a tangible and objective measure of the cost of rabies prevention. A major and unavoidable component of rabies prevention programs involves diagnostic testing of animals and the subsequent initiation of appropriate public health responses. The unit cost per negative and positive diagnostic test outcome can be reasonably estimated. This metric when linked to methodologies subdividing the epizootic process into distinct temporal stages provided the requisite detail to estimate benefits derived from rabies control strategies. Oral rabies vaccine (ORV), for prevention of the raccoon-associated variant of rabies, has been distributed in Ohio and adjoining states in an effort to develop an immune barrier to the westward spread of epizootic raccoon rabies. The costs of ORV delivery have been quantified. Herein, the cost structures required to assess the benefits accrued by prevention were developed. A regression model was developed effectively predicting (r(2) = 0.70) the total number of rabies diagnostic tests performed by 53 counties in five northeastern (NE) states from 1992 to 2001. Five temporal stages sufficed to capture the range of variability in the raccoon rabies epizootic process. Unit costs, dollars per diagnostic test outcome, were calculated for negative and positive results from published reports. Ohio counties were matched to NE counties based on similar socioeconomic characters. A "pseudo-epizootic" of raccoon rabies was introduced into Ohio and the costs savings from ORV were derived as the excess costs imposed by epizootic spread throughout the state. At 46 km/year (range modeled, 30-60 km/year), the pseudo epizootic spread, and reached the enzootic stage, in all Ohio counties by year 13 (range modeled, 11-17 years). Cumulative excess costs for Ohio ranged between $11 and $21 million; counties of low socioeconomic status experienced the greatest relative excess costs. The costs for rabies prevention activities reached apices during the epizootic stage of raccoon rabies (2.7-10.8 times baseline) an unforeseen finding indicated elevated costs persisted (1.7-7.2 times baseline) into the enzootic stage. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 333 Cedar St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM Egzepher@aol.com; jamesechilds@comcast.net RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5877 J9 PREV VET MED JI Prev. Vet. Med. PD MAY 10 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 2-4 BP 195 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2004.12.007 PG 28 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 920PU UT WOS:000228703400009 PM 15820116 ER PT J AU Daviglus, ML Liu, K Pirzada, A Yan, LL Garside, DB Greenland, P Manheim, LM Dyer, AR Wang, RW Lubitz, J Manning, WG Fries, JF Stamler, J AF Daviglus, ML Liu, K Pirzada, A Yan, LL Garside, DB Greenland, P Manheim, LM Dyer, AR Wang, RW Lubitz, J Manning, WG Fries, JF Stamler, J TI Cardiovascular risk profile earlier in life and medicare costs in the last year of life SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; HEALTH-CARE COSTS; MIDDLE-AGE; OLDER AGE; DEATH; EXPENDITURES; PREVALENCE; OBESITY; TRENDS AB Background: Health care costs are generally highest in the year before death, and much attention has been directed toward reducing costs for end-of-life care. However, it is unknown whether cardiovascular risk profile earlier in life influences health care costs in the last year of life. This study addresses this question. Methods: Prospective cohort of adults from the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry included 6582 participants (40% women), aged 33 to 64 years at baseline examination (1967-1973), who died at ages 66 to 99 years. Medicare billing records (19842002) were used to obtain cardiovascular disease-related and total charges (adjusted to year 2002 dollars) for inpatient and outpatient services during the last year of life. Participants were classified as having favorable levels of all major cardiovascular risk factors (low risk), that is, serum cholesterol level lower than 200 mg/dL (< 5.2 mmol/L), blood pressure 120/80 mm Hg or lower and no antihypertensive medication, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) lower than 25, no current smoking, no diabetes, and no electrocardiographic abnormalities, or unfavorable levels of any 1 only, any 2 only, any 3 only, or 4 or more of these risk factors. Results: In the last year of life, average Medicare charges were lowest for low-risk persons. For example, cardiovascular disease-related and total charges were lower by $10 367 and $15 318 compared with those with 4 or more unfavorable risk factors; the fewer the unfavorable risk factors, the lower the Medicare charges (P for trends <.001). Analyses by sex showed similar patterns. Conclusion: Favorable cardiovascular risk profile earlier in life is associated with lower Medicare charges at the end of life. C1 Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Geriatr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Inst Hlth Serv Res & Policy Studies, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Peking Univ, Dept Hlth Econ & Management, Guanghua Sch Management, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Chicago, Harris Sch Publ Policy Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Med, Sch Med, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Daviglus, ML (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, 680 N Lake Shore Dr,Suite 1102, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. EM daviglus@northwestem.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R01 HL62684, R01 HL21010] NR 47 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD MAY 9 PY 2005 VL 165 IS 9 BP 1028 EP 1034 DI 10.1001/archinte.165.9.1028 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 924ST UT WOS:000229001400009 PM 15883242 ER PT J AU Khromava, AY Eidex, RB Weld, LH Kohl, KS Bradshaw, RD Chen, RT Cetron, MS AF Khromava, AY Eidex, RB Weld, LH Kohl, KS Bradshaw, RD Chen, RT Cetron, MS CA Yellow Fever Vaccine Safety Work TI Yellow fever vaccine: An updated assessment of advanced age as a risk factor for serious adverse events SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE yellow fever vaccine; vaccination/adverse effects; adverse drug reaction reporting systems; age groups ID PREVENTION AB Since 1996, the scientific community has become aware of 14 reports of yellow fever vaccine (YEL)-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) cases and four reports of YEL-associated neurotropic disease (YEL-AND) worldwide, changing our understanding of the risks of the vaccine. Based on 722 adverse event reports after YEL submitted to the U.S. Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System in 1990-2002, we updated the estimates of the age-adjusted reporting rates of serious adverse events, YEL-AVD and YEL-AND. We found that the reporting rates of serious adverse events were significantly higher among vaccinees aged &GE; 60 years than among those 19-29 years of age (reporting rate ratio = 5.9, 95% CI 1.6-22.2). Yellow fever is a serious and potentially fatal disease. For elderly travelers, the risk for severe illness and death due to yellow fever infection should be balanced against the risk of a serious adverse event due to YEL. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Quarantine & Migrat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Cetron, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Quarantine & Migrat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MCetron@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 108 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 9 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 25 BP 3256 EP 3263 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.089 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 924SQ UT WOS:000229001100007 PM 15837230 ER PT J AU Nakhla, I Frenck, RW Teleb, NA El Oun, S Sultan, Y Mansour, H Mahoney, F AF Nakhla, I Frenck, RW Teleb, NA El Oun, S Sultan, Y Mansour, H Mahoney, F TI The changing epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis after introduction of bivalent A/C polysaccharide vaccine into school-based vaccination programs in Egypt SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE meningococcus; vaccine; Egypt ID SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; DISEASE; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; CAIRO AB Background: The strategy recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to curtail outbreaks of meningococcus in Africa is enhanced surveillance with administration of oily chloramphenicol as well as vaccination when incidence thresholds are exceeded. The role of capsular polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine in outbreak prevention has been the subject of considerable debate. The Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population initiated a school-based vaccination program with bivalent A/C capsular polysaccharide vaccine in 1992. This investigation reviews data on meningococcal meningitis in Egypt comparing years before and after introduction of the vaccine. Methods: This is a retrospective review of several sources to examine the rates and serogroups of meningococcal meningitis before and after the introduction of the meningococcal A/C vaccine in Egypt. Findings: Between 1967 and 199 1, outbreaks of meningococcal disease were documented with a periodicity of 8 years in Egypt. However, there has not been an outbreak since 1991 and over the same period, there has also been a progressive decline in the baseline incidence of meningococcus. Also, a shift from a serogroup A to serogroup B predominance in meningococcal disease was noted during the study period. These data suggest that there has been an alteration in the epidemiology of meningococcal disease in Egypt that coincided with the implementation of the school-based vaccination program. Interpretation: Routine use of the bivalent A/C meningococcal vaccine may be an alternative for the control and prevention of meningococcal disease in high-risk areas including the "meningitis belt". Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, FPO, AE 09835 USA. WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian Minist Hlth & Protect, Cairo, Egypt. Abbasia Fever Hosp, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nakhla, I (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452,Box 5000,Attent Code 302, FPO, AE 09835 USA. EM nalchlai@namru3.med.navy.mil; rfrenck@uclacvr.labiomed.org NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD MAY 9 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 25 BP 3288 EP 3293 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.084 PG 6 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 924SQ UT WOS:000229001100011 PM 15837234 ER PT J AU Blank, S Schillinger, JA Harbatkin, D AF Blank, S Schillinger, JA Harbatkin, D TI Lymphogranuloma venereum in the industrialised world SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Callen Lorde Community Hlth Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Blank, S (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM sblank@health.nyc.gov NR 7 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAY 7 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9471 BP 1607 EP 1608 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66490-2 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 923UB UT WOS:000228933700009 PM 15885284 ER PT J AU Steinau, M Lee, DR Rajeevan, MS Vernon, SD Ruffin, MT Unger, ER AF Steinau, M Lee, DR Rajeevan, MS Vernon, SD Ruffin, MT Unger, ER TI Gene expression profile of cervical tissue compared to exfoliated cells: Impact on biomarker discovery SO BMC GENOMICS LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA; CANCER; PROTEIN AB Background: Exfoliated cervical cells are used in cytology-based cancer screening and may also be a source for molecular biomarkers indicative of neoplastic changes in the underlying tissue. However, because of keratinization and terminal differentiation it is not clear that these cells have an mRNA profile representative of cervical tissue, and that the profile can distinguish the lesions targeted for early detection. Results: We used whole genome microarrays (25,353 unique genes) to compare the transcription profiles from seven samples of normal exfoliated cells and one cervical tissue. We detected 10,158 genes in exfoliated cells, 14,544 in the tissue and 7320 genes in both samples. For both sample types the genes grouped into the same major gene ontology ( GO) categories in the same order, with exfoliated cells, having on average 20% fewer genes in each category. We also compared microarray results of samples from women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3, n = 15) to those from age and race matched women without significant abnormalities (CIN1, CIN0; n = 15). We used three microarray-adapted statistical packages to identify differential gene expression. The six genes identified in common were two to four fold upregulated in CIN3 samples. One of these genes, the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 variant 1, participates in the degradation of p53 through interaction with the oncogenic HPV E6 protein. Conclusion: The findings encourage further exploration of gene expression using exfoliated cells to identify and validate applicable biomarkers. We conclude that the gene expression profile of exfoliated cervical cells partially represents that of tissue and is complex enough to provide potential differentiation between disease and non-disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM MSteinau@cdc.gov; DLee@cdc.gov; MRajeevan@cdc.gov; SVernon@cdc.gov; MRuffin@med.umich.edu; EUnger@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-0101-01] NR 16 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2164 J9 BMC GENOMICS JI BMC Genomics PD MAY 5 PY 2005 VL 6 AR 64 DI 10.1186/1471-2164-6-64 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 940LA UT WOS:000230144800001 PM 15876354 ER PT J CA CDC Pan Amer Org World Hlth org TI Achievements in public health: Elmination of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome - United States, 1969-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 279-282, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. World Hlth Org, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Immunizat Unit, Washington, DC USA. RP CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAY 4 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 17 BP 2084 EP 2086 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 922AO UT WOS:000228808200006 ER PT J AU Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP TI Aging, stress and the hippocampus SO AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE hippocampus; stress; age; plasticity ID AGE-RELATED-CHANGES; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; WHITE-MATTER; LIFE-SPAN; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; HEALTHY-INDIVIDUALS; CALORIE RESTRICTION; RAT HIPPOCAMPUS AB Functional loss often occurs in many body systems (e.g., endocrine, cognitive, motor) with the passage of years, but there is great individual variation in the degree of compromise shown. The current focus on brain aging will continue because demographic trends indicate that the average lifespan will show a continued increase. There is increasing emphasis on understanding how aging contributes to a decline in brain functions, cognition being a prime example. This is due in part to the fact that dementias and other losses in brain function that sometimes accompany aging cause an obvious decline in the quality of life and these deficits are of more concern as the number of elderly increase. Stress also is a ubiquitous aspect of life and there is now a greater interest in understanding the role of stress and the stress response in brain aging. The key role of the hippocampus and its related brain structures in cognition, as well as in the feedback control of the response to stress, have made this brain area a logical focus of investigation for those interested in the impact of stress on brain aging. Here, we describe how the hippocampus changes with age and we examine the idea that age-related changes in the secretion patterns of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis can contribute to aging of this structure. We also examine the proposal that stress, perhaps due to compromised HPA axis function, can contribute to hippocampal aging through exposure to excessive levels of glucocorticoids. The aging hippocampus does not appear to suffer a generalized loss of cells or synapses, although atrophy of the structure may occur in humans. Thus, age-related cognitive impairments are likely related to other neurobiological alterations that could include changes in the signaling, information encoding, plasticity, electrophysiological or neurochemical properties of neurons or glia. Although excessive levels of glucocorticoids are able to interfere with cognition, as well as hippocampal neuronal integrity, and aging is sometimes accompanied by an increase in these steroids because of inadequate feedback control of the HPA axis, none of these are a foregone consequence of aging. The general preservation of cells and the plastic potential of the hippocampus provide a focus for the development of pharmacological, nutritive or lifestyle strategies to combat age-related declines in the hippocampus as well as other brain areas. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Chron Stress & Neurotoxicol Lab, TMBB,HELD,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Miller, DB (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Chron Stress & Neurotoxicol Lab, TMBB,HELD,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM dum6@cdc.gov RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 131 TC 100 Z9 108 U1 9 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1568-1637 J9 AGEING RES REV JI Ageing Res. Rev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 123 EP 140 DI 10.1016/j.arr.2005.03.002 PG 18 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 963VX UT WOS:000231835400001 PM 15964248 ER PT J AU Diaz, T Loth, G Whitworth, J Sutherland, D AF Diaz, T Loth, G Whitworth, J Sutherland, D TI Surveillance methods to monitor the impact of HIV therapy programmes in resource-constrained countries SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapies; HIV; monitoring; resource-constrained countries; surveillance ID CASE-DEFINITION; UNITED-STATES; RURAL UGANDA; VERBAL AUTOPSIES; DRUG-RESISTANCE; STAGING SYSTEM; ADULT DEATHS; AIDS; MORTALITY; DISEASE AB To monitor the collective national impact of initiatives to expand the availability of HIV therapy including antiretroviral treatment (ART) countries need to monitor the proportion of HIV-infected individuals who are receiving HIV therapy, whether morbidity is decreasing, and HIV-infected individuals are experiencing increased survival, and if there is all overall decrease in the number of individuals dying of HIV. However, in many resource-constrained countries these data are limited or unavailable. Morbidity surveillance relies primarily on AIDS case reporting, but severe Linder-reporting limits the usefulness of these data. A variety of AIDS case definitions are in use and case definitions do not concur with clinical staging definitions. Harmonizing AIDS case definitions with clinical staging, providing resources and training to improve reporting, and using other surveillance systems, such as tuberculosis programme data to monitor morbidity are urgently needed. A cohort analysis of individuals in ART programmes to follow the progress and outcomes of these patients longitudinally is important to monitor quality of care and impact. Because the rapid scale-up of ART programmes may result in HIV drug resistance, surveillance for drug resistant viruses is also required. Very few resource-constrained countries have well-functioning vital registration systems to assess mortality trends and cause-specific mortality. Alternative approaches to measuring mortality trends, such as sample vital registration with verbal autopsy should be considered. Strong commitments from governments, international organizations and other partners are needed to establish and strengthen the HIV morbidity and mortality monitoring surveillance systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Infect Dis Epidemiol Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. RP Diaz, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-30,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM txd1@cdc.gov NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 SU 2 BP S31 EP S37 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000172875.67262.21 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 946JV UT WOS:000230569200005 PM 15930839 ER PT J AU Diaz, T De Cock, K Brown, T Ghys, PD Boerma, JT AF Diaz, T De Cock, K Brown, T Ghys, PD Boerma, JT TI New strategies for HIV surveillance in resource-constrained settings: an overview SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV; surveillance ID CASE-DEFINITION; IVORY-COAST; AIDS; POPULATIONS; TANZANIA; ABIDJAN; QUALITY; IMPACT; WORLD AB Additional funding recently became available to help resource-constrained countries scale up their HIV treatment and prevention activities. This increased funding is accompanied by an increased demand for accountability from stakeholders. Many countries will need to make substantial improvements in their current HIV surveillance methods to monitor the collective national impact of these treatment and prevention initiatives. However, whereas most resource-constrained countries have monitored the prevalence of HIV, they have collected little information on other events in the HIV disease process, such as HIV incidence, rate of HIV drug resistance, number of deaths due to AIDS and only modest emphasis has been placed on AIDS reporting in generalized epidemics, resulting in severe underreporting. In addition, data on mortality trends are often not gathered. Furthermore, less than half of the countries with low-level/concentrated epidemics have tailored their surveillance systems to the local epidemic, behavioral surveillance is often not present, an integrated analysis of data is not widespread, and data are rarely used to inform policy. in January 2004, a conference was convened in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, to examine new strategies for surveillance in resource-constrained countries, and their use in monitoring and evaluating HIV activities. This supplement summarizes the newest approaches and lessons learned for HIV/AIDS surveillance, based on presentations and discussions from that conference. This article provides an overview of HIV/AIDS surveillance in resource-constrained settings and discusses the history, current approaches, and future directions for HIV/AIDS surveillance in generalized and low-level/concentrated epidemics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. Thai Red Cross Soc Collaborat HIV Modeling Anal &, East West Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand. Joint United Nations Programme HIV AIDS, Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Diaz, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-30,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM txd1@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 SU 2 BP S1 EP S8 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000172871.80723.3e PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 946JV UT WOS:000230569200001 PM 15930836 ER PT J AU Hladik, W Masupu, K Roels, T Plipat, T Kaharuza, F Bunnell, R Seguy, N Marum, LH AF Hladik, W Masupu, K Roels, T Plipat, T Kaharuza, F Bunnell, R Seguy, N Marum, LH TI Prevention of mother-to-child transmission and voluntary counseling and testing programme data: what is their utility for HIV surveillance? SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE bias; HIV programme data; HIV surveillance; prevention of mother-to-child transmission; utility; voluntary counseling and testing ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; HIGH PREVALENCE; POPULATION; INFECTION AB Objective: Antenatal clinic (ANC)-based surveillance through unlinked anonymous testing (UAT) for HIV without informed consent provides solid long-term trend data in resource-constrained countries with generalized epidemics. The rapid expansion of the prevention of rnother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) and voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) programmes prompts the question regarding their utility for HIV surveillance and their potential to replace UAT-based ANC surveillance. Methods: Four presentations on the use of PMTCT or VCT data for HIV surveillance were presented at a recent international conference. The main findings are presented in this paper, and the operational and epidemiological aspects of using PMTCT or VCT data for surveillance are considered. Results: VCT data in Uganda confirm the falling trend in HIV prevalence observed in ANC surveillance. Thailand, a country with nationwide PMTCT coverage and a very high acceptance of HIV testing, has replaced UAT data in favor of PMTCT data for surveillance. Studies from Botswana and Kenya showed that PMTCT-based HIV prevalences was similar, but the quality and availability of the PMTCT data varied. Conclusion: The strength of UAT lies in the absence of selection bias and the availability of individual data. Conversely, the quantity of VCT and PMTCT programme testing data often exceed those in UAT, but may be subject to bias due to self-selection or test refusal. When using VCT or PMTCT data for surveillance, investigators must consider these caveats, as well as their varying data quality, accessibility, and availability of individual records. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Thailand Minist Publ Hlth, Dept Dis Control, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Uganda, Entebbe, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Hladik, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, MS E-30,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wfh3@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 SU 2 BP S19 EP S24 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000172873.82509.5e PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 946JV UT WOS:000230569200003 PM 15930837 ER PT J AU Magnani, R Sabin, K Saidel, T Heckathorn, D AF Magnani, R Sabin, K Saidel, T Heckathorn, D TI Review of sampling hard-to-reach and hidden populations for HIV surveillance SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE hidden populations; HIV surveillance; sampling methods ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; RISK-FACTORS; SEX WORKERS; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; THAILAND; VIRUS; SEROPREVALENCE; BEHAVIORS; INMATES AB Adequate surveillance of hard-to-reach and 'hidden' subpopulations is crucial to containing the HIV epidemic in low prevalence settings and in slowing the rate of transmission in high prevalence settings. For a variety of reasons, however, conventional facility and survey-based surveillance data collection strategies are ineffective for a number of key subpopulations, particularly those whose behaviors are illegal or illicit. This paper critically reviews alternative sampling strategies for undertaking behavioral or biological surveillance surveys of such groups. Non-probability sampling approaches such as facility-based sentinel surveillance and snowball sampling are the simplest to carry out, but are subject to a high risk of sampling/selection bias. Most of the probability sampling methods considered are limited in that they are adequate only under certain circumstances and for some groups. One relatively new method, respondent-driven sampling, an adaptation of chain-referral sampling, appears to be the most promising for general applications. However, as its applicability to HIV surveillance in resource-poor settings has yet to be established, further field trials are needed before a firm conclusion can be reached. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Family Hlth Int, Arlington, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Sabin, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, MS E-30,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ksabin@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 439 Z9 447 U1 2 U2 33 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 SU 2 BP S67 EP S72 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000172879.20628.e1 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 946JV UT WOS:000230569200009 PM 15930843 ER PT J AU Martin, R Hearn, TL Ridderhof, JC Demby, A AF Martin, R Hearn, TL Ridderhof, JC Demby, A TI Implementation of a quality systems approach for laboratory practice in resource-constrained countries SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE health laboratories; international health laboratories; laboratory quality assurance; quality assurance in international laboratories ID HEALTH AB Under the direction of the US Global AIDS Coordinator's Office, Department of Health and Human Services, the CDC Global AIDS programme helps resource-constrained countries to address the global HIV/AIDS pandemic. Activities include laboratory capacity and laboratory infrastructure development in 25 resource-constrained countries. Medical practitioners and public health programme leaders in industrialized countries rely on the use of quality laboratory data for evidence-based medical decision-making to determine policy for the implementation of disease control measures, to monitor disease to determine the impact of control programmes, and to support surveillance activities. In these countries, laboratory data to support decision-making processes have a level of quality attributable to laws, regulations and guidelines developed over many years. However, resource-constrained countries have not had similar experiences. Few countries have developed laws, regulations or guidelines, nor is there a data-use culture (e.g. evidence-based medicine) for those in the decision-making environment in resource-constrained countries. The strengthening of laboratory capability and capacity in resource-constrained countries is an important goal to improve accurate and reliable data for the diagnosis, treatment and monitoring of disease. A process for the implementation of a quality systems approach for a laboratory is presented: (i) acknowledgement of the need to improve the laboratory programme in the country at the Ministry of Health and at all decision-making levels within the provinces/states of the country; (ii) assessment of capabilities, capacities, infrastructure, and training needs; (iii) implementation of a national meeting of laboratorians; (iv) designation of a national Quality Assurance Office and leadership within that office; (v) the development and provision of technical training. C1 CDC, PHPPO, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Martin, R (reprint author), CDC, PHPPO, Div Lab Syst, 4770 Buford Highway,MS G-25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 SU 2 BP S59 EP S65 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000172878.20628.a8 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 946JV UT WOS:000230569200008 PM 15930842 ER PT J AU McDougal, JS Pilcher, CD Parekh, BS Gershy-Damet, G Branson, BM Marsh, K Wiktor, SZ AF McDougal, JS Pilcher, CD Parekh, BS Gershy-Damet, G Branson, BM Marsh, K Wiktor, SZ TI Surveillance for HIV-1 incidence using tests for recent infection in resource-constrained countries SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE acute HIV-1 infection; HIV-1 diagnostics; HIV-1 incidence; HIV-1 surveillance; tests for recent HIV-1 infection ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SENSITIVE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; EARLY DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; RURAL SOUTH-AFRICA; INCIDENCE RATES; PREVALENCE DATA; SAN-FRANCISCO; SEROCONVERSION; STRATEGY; POPULATION AB Over the past few years, several assays have been developed for the purpose of estimating HIV-1 incidence from cross-sectional population surveys. The tests detect features of the evolving virological or immunological response to HIV-1 infection that distinguish recent from established infection. Surveillance programmes that collect specimens from population surveys for HIV-1 prevalence can apply some of these tests to the same specimen sets to estimate incidence. We describe these tests and discuss the principle and strategy for implementation of a testing programme for recent infection in surveillance settings. Test-specific prerequisites, such as calibration, validation, and quality assurance, and other test-specific performance characteristics that may influence interpretation, epidemiological considerations that may guide application, and practical operational considerations for implementation in surveillance settings are considered. When properly and judiciously applied, the capacity to estimate incidence from existing programmes that conduct surveillance for prevalent HIV-1 infection will enhance the capacity for more precise and timely analysis of the dynamics of the epidemic and the effectiveness of public health interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. WHO, Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP McDougal, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, US Publ Hlth Serv, Mail Stop A25, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsm3@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [K23 AI001781]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH068686] NR 35 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 SU 2 BP S25 EP S30 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000172874.90133.7a PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 946JV UT WOS:000230569200004 PM 15930838 ER PT J AU Switzer, WM Parekh, B Shanmugam, V Bhullar, V Phillips, S Ely, JJ Heneine, W AF Switzer, WM Parekh, B Shanmugam, V Bhullar, V Phillips, S Ely, JJ Heneine, W TI The epidemiology of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in a large number of wild- and captive-born chimpanzees: Evidence for a recent introduction following chimpanzee divergence SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS; PAN-TROGLODYTES-VERUS; BREEDING COLONY; VPU GENE; PRIMATES; CAMEROON; SIV; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE AB Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz) from the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes has been linked phylogenetically to the origin of HIV-1. Related but distinct SIVcpz strains have also been found in P. t. schweinfurthii, suggesting that SIVcpz may have coevolved among the four chimpanzee subspecies. However, SIVcpz strains from P. t. verus and P. t. vellerosus have not yet been identified. To better understand the epidemiology and natural history of SIVcpz among chimpanzees, we tested serum samples from 1415 chimpanzees housed at eight U. S. research centers and six zoos. Records indicated that 264 (18.6%) of the chimpanzees were African-born. Subspecies identities for 161 chimpanzees, based on analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences, were found to be P. t. troglodytes (n = 14), P. t. schweinfurthii (n = 3), P. t. verus (n = 143), and P. t. vellerosus (n = 1). All samples were screened for HIV/SIV antibodies by using an HIV-1/2 peptide-based enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Reactive samples were tested further by Western blot (WB). Eight sera (0.57%) were EIA reactive, but none was HIV-1/2 WB positive. Two samples were HIV-1 WB indeterminate. Both samples tested negative for SIVcpz and HIV-1 sequences by reverse transcriptase PCR, suggesting an absence of infection. We also tested sera available from 8 male sexual partners, 6 offspring, and 12 cage mates of a known SIVcpz-infected chimpanzee. All samples were negative, suggesting that SIVcpz may not be easily transmitted to close contacts. Our data show that this large population of chimpanzees is not infected with SIVcpz. The absence of SIVcpz infection in P. t. verus suggests that SIVcpz may not be endemic to this subspecies following divergence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bioqual Inc, Dept Neurobiol Behav & Genet, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bis3@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.335 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 936AV UT WOS:000229825700001 PM 15929695 ER PT J AU Brouwer, KC Yang, CF Parekh, S Mirel, LB Shi, YP Otieno, J Lal, AA Lal, RB AF Brouwer, KC Yang, CF Parekh, S Mirel, LB Shi, YP Otieno, J Lal, AA Lal, RB TI Effect of CCR2 chemokine receptor polymorphism on HIV type 1 mother-to-child transmission and child survival in western Kenya SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ASYMPTOMATIC PREGNANT-WOMEN; DISEASE PROGRESSION; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; VIRAL LOAD; INFECTION; GENE; ALLELES; CCR5-DELTA-32 AB The effect of CCR2 polymorphism on HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission and disease progression has not been explored in depth within Africa. As the CCR2-64I variant of this putative HIV coreceptor has been associated with slower progression to AIDS in adults, the current study was undertaken to examine the relationship between CCR2 polymorphism and HIV-1 perinatal transmission and child survival in western Kenya. CCR2 genotype was determined for 445 HIV-seropositive mothers and their infants. The CCR2-64I allele frequency of both mothers and children did not differ by HIV-1 transmission status, regardless of maternal viral load, viral subtype, immune status, or placental malaria status. For infants who acquired HIV perinatally (n = 78), there was no association between CCR2 genotype and viral load upon infection or survival rate over the 2-year follow-up. Our results do not indicate an effect of CCR2-64I on perinatal HIV transmission and survival in Kenyan children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Minist Hlth, New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Brouwer, KC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-12, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kcbrouwer@yahoo.com RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 BP 358 EP 362 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.358 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 936AV UT WOS:000229825700003 PM 15929697 ER PT J AU Wolfe, N Heneine, W Carr, JK Garcia, A Shanmugam, V Tamoufe, U Prosser, A Torimiro, J LeBreton, M Mpoudi-Ngole, E McCutchan, F Birx, D Folks, TM Burke, DS Switzer, W AF Wolfe, N Heneine, W Carr, JK Garcia, A Shanmugam, V Tamoufe, U Prosser, A Torimiro, J LeBreton, M Mpoudi-Ngole, E McCutchan, F Birx, D Folks, TM Burke, DS Switzer, W TI Identification of two novel human T-lymphotropic viruses among central African hunters SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Conference on Human Retrovirology - HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 22-25, 2005 CL Montego Bay, JAMAICA SP Int Retrovirol Assoc, Natl Inst Hlth, Univ W Indies, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Neurol Dis & Stroke, BD Biosci, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ohio State Univ, Ctr Retrovirus Res, Dept Vet Biosci, Genome Sci Lab Ltd, Horai Chem Co Ltd, Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Sci Supplies & Technol, Jamaica Med Fdn, J Wray & Nephew Ltd, Red Stripe, UCSF AIDS & Canc Specimen Resource C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Army Hlth Res Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 MA O6 BP 442 EP 442 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 936AV UT WOS:000229825700020 ER PT J AU Maloney, E Yamano, Y Vanveldhuisen, P Sawada, T Kim, N Cranston, B Hanchard, B Jacobson, S Hisada, M AF Maloney, E Yamano, Y Vanveldhuisen, P Sawada, T Kim, N Cranston, B Hanchard, B Jacobson, S Hisada, M TI Follow-up study of HTLV-I viral markers in children in Jamaica SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Conference on Human Retrovirology - HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 22-25, 2005 CL Montego Bay, JAMAICA SP Int Retrovirol Assoc, Natl Inst Hlth, Univ W Indies, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Neurol Dis & Stroke, BD Biosci, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ohio State Univ, Ctr Retrovirus Res, Dept Vet Biosci, Genome Sci Lab Ltd, Horai Chem Co Ltd, Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Sci Supplies & Technol, Jamaica Med Fdn, J Wray & Nephew Ltd, Red Stripe, UCSF AIDS & Canc Specimen Resource C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Neuroimmunol Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. EMMES Corp, Rockville, MD USA. Eisai & Co Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ W Indies, Fac Med Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. NIH, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 MA P37 BP 473 EP 473 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 936AV UT WOS:000229825700118 ER PT J AU Wolfe, ND Heneine, W Tiffany, A Garcia, AD Wright, A Carr, JK Tamoufe, U Torimiro, JN Prosser, A LeBreton, M Mpoudi-Ngole, E McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Folks, TM Burke, DS Switzer, WM AF Wolfe, ND Heneine, W Tiffany, A Garcia, AD Wright, A Carr, JK Tamoufe, U Torimiro, JN Prosser, A LeBreton, M Mpoudi-Ngole, E McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Folks, TM Burke, DS Switzer, WM TI Identification of a novel simian foamy virus infection in a Central African originating from a mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona) SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Conference on Human Retrovirology - HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 22-25, 2005 CL Montego Bay, JAMAICA SP Int Retrovirol Assoc, Natl Inst Hlth, Univ W Indies, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Neurol Dis & Stroke, BD Biosci, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ohio State Univ, Ctr Retrovirus Res, Dept Vet Biosci, Genome Sci Lab Ltd, Horai Chem Co Ltd, Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Sci Supplies & Technol, Jamaica Med Fdn, J Wray & Nephew Ltd, Red Stripe, UCSF AIDS & Canc Specimen Resource C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA. Army Hlth Res Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 MA P45 BP 476 EP 476 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 936AV UT WOS:000229825700126 ER PT J AU Garcia, AD Tiffany, A Wolfe, N Mpoudi-Ngole, E Heneine, W Folks, TM Burke, DS Switzer, W AF Garcia, AD Tiffany, A Wolfe, N Mpoudi-Ngole, E Heneine, W Folks, TM Burke, DS Switzer, W TI Sensitive and specific PCR assays for the detection of human T-lymphotropic virus type 4 (HTLV-4) SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Conference on Human Retrovirology - HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 22-25, 2005 CL Montego Bay, JAMAICA SP Int Retrovirol Assoc, Natl Inst Hlth, Univ W Indies, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Neurol Dis & Stroke, BD Biosci, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ohio State Univ, Ctr Retrovirus Res, Dept Vet Biosci, Genome Sci Lab Ltd, Horai Chem Co Ltd, Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Sci Supplies & Technol, Jamaica Med Fdn, J Wray & Nephew Ltd, Red Stripe, UCSF AIDS & Canc Specimen Resource C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Army Hlth Res Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 MA P54 BP 478 EP 478 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 936AV UT WOS:000229825700135 ER PT J AU Switzer, W Kalish, M Yang, C Garcia, AD Wright, A Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Switzer, W Kalish, M Yang, C Garcia, AD Wright, A Folks, TM Heneine, W TI Simian foamy virus (SFV) infection among HIV-1-positive sex workers and blood donors in Central Africa SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Conference on Human Retrovirology - HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 22-25, 2005 CL Montego Bay, JAMAICA SP Int Retrovirol Assoc, Natl Inst Hlth, Univ W Indies, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Neurol Dis & Stroke, BD Biosci, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ohio State Univ, Ctr Retrovirus Res, Dept Vet Biosci, Genome Sci Lab Ltd, Horai Chem Co Ltd, Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Sci Supplies & Technol, Jamaica Med Fdn, J Wray & Nephew Ltd, Red Stripe, UCSF AIDS & Canc Specimen Resource C1 CDC, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 MA P58 BP 479 EP 480 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 936AV UT WOS:000229825700139 ER PT J AU Yao, K Hisada, M Maloney, E Yamano, Y Hanchard, B Wilks, RJ Rios, M Jacobson, S AF Yao, K Hisada, M Maloney, E Yamano, Y Hanchard, B Wilks, RJ Rios, M Jacobson, S TI HTLV-I/II Western blot seroindeterminate status and its association with exposure to prototype HTLV-I. SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th International Conference on Human Retrovirology - HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 22-25, 2005 CL Montego Bay, JAMAICA SP Int Retrovirol Assoc, Natl Inst Hlth, Univ W Indies, Natl Inst Allergy & Infect Dis, Natl Canc Inst, Natl Inst Neurol Dis & Stroke, BD Biosci, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ohio State Univ, Ctr Retrovirus Res, Dept Vet Biosci, Genome Sci Lab Ltd, Horai Chem Co Ltd, Natl Inst Drug Abuse, Sci Supplies & Technol, Jamaica Med Fdn, J Wray & Nephew Ltd, Red Stripe, UCSF AIDS & Canc Specimen Resource C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Viral Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kagoshima Univ, Kagoshima 890, Japan. Univ W Indies, Fac Med Sci, Kingston 7, Jamaica. Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 21 IS 5 MA P74 BP 484 EP 484 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 936AV UT WOS:000229825700155 ER PT J AU Daley, MF Crane, LA Beaty, BL Barrow, J Pearson, K Stevenson, JM Berman, S Kempe, A AF Daley, MF Crane, LA Beaty, BL Barrow, J Pearson, K Stevenson, JM Berman, S Kempe, A TI Provider adoption of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and the impact of vaccine shortages SO AMBULATORY PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies/Ambulatory-Pediatric-Association CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WA SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ DE immunization; pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; provider attitudes; vaccine shortages ID HEPATITIS-B IMMUNIZATION; PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; VARICELLA VACCINATION; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; RESPONSE RATES; UNITED-STATES; PEDIATRICIANS; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS AB Objectives.-To 1) determine the factors associated with provider acceptance of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 2) describe how providers prioritize pneumococcal conjugate vaccine during shortages. Design/Methods.-During April-November 2002, we conducted a mailed survey of rural and urban Colorado practitioners who provided routine pediatric immunizations. Three groups were surveyed: 1) all immunization providers (n = 51) in 2 geographically large rural areas, identified through a regional immunization registry; 2) all providers (n 61) from private pediatric practices in metropolitan Denver that were actively participating in the same registry; and 3) all family physicians (n = 244) from the same urban areas as the pediatric practices. Results.-Response rate was 60 %. Provider adoption of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was strong: 66 % of urban family physicians, 84 % of rural providers, and 98% of urban pediatric providers always recommended pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to healthy children : 23 months old when vaccine supplies were adequate. In multivariate analysis, vaccine nonadopters were significantly more likely than adopters to report financial barriers to vaccination (odds ratio [OR] 3.17, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 1.58, 6.35) and concerns about vaccine safety (OR 3.37, 95 % Cl 1.37, 8.26). Eighty-nine percent of respondents had encountered pneumococcal conjugate vaccine shortages. During shortages, children < 5 years old with a chronic medical condition were considered the highest priority for vaccination. Conclusions.-While provider acceptance of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine appears high, concerns about vaccine safety, cost, and availability exist, and these concerns will need to be addressed to maximize prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO USA. Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Daley, MF (reprint author), 1056 E 19th Ave,B032, Denver, CO 80218 USA. EM daley.matthew@tchden.org FU PHS HHS [MM-0067-02/02] NR 60 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1530-1567 J9 AMBUL PEDIATR JI Ambul. Pediatr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 3 BP 157 EP 164 DI 10.1367/A04-142R.1 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 931YL UT WOS:000229521300007 PM 15913409 ER PT J AU Schoeller, DA Tylavsky, FA Baer, DJ Chumlea, WC Earthman, CP Fuerst, T Harris, TB Heymsfield, SB Horlick, M Lohman, TG Lukaski, HC Shepherd, J Siervogel, RM Borrud, LG AF Schoeller, DA Tylavsky, FA Baer, DJ Chumlea, WC Earthman, CP Fuerst, T Harris, TB Heymsfield, SB Horlick, M Lohman, TG Lukaski, HC Shepherd, J Siervogel, RM Borrud, LG TI QDR 4500A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer underestimates fat mass in comparison with criterion methods in adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE body composition; hydration; total body water ID BODY-COMPOSITION MEASUREMENTS; 4-COMPARTMENT MODEL; SINGAPOREAN CHINESE; ETHNIC-GROUPS; PENCIL-BEAM; HYDRATION; WOMEN; BONE; AGE; CHILDREN AB Background: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has become one of the most frequently used methods for estimating human body composition. Although the DXA technique has been validated for the measurement of fat-free mass and fat mass, differences in calibration between instruments produced by different manufacturers, as well as between different models produced by the same manufacturer, have been reported. Objective: The objective was to compare the calibration of the QDR 4500A against criterion methods in a large heterogeneous population. Design: DXA-derived body-composition data were obtained from 7 studies: 6 data sets were provided by the investigators, one of which was published. The data included fat mass and fat-free mass measured with a QDR 4500A and criteria measurements of body composition from total body water by dilution at 4 centers, densitometry from 1 center, and four-compartment analysis at 2 centers. Results: In the cohort of 1195 subjects, 602 men and 593 women aged 19-82 y with a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 16-44, the fan-beam DXA overestimated fat-free mass (P < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in all 7 data sets, and the mean ( SE) was 5 &PLUSMN; 1%. Conclusions: It is recommended that the lean soft tissue mass estimate with the fan-beam QDR 4500A be reduced by 5% and that for fat mass be increased by that same mass. This finding is particularly important because the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is using the QDR 4500A to assess body composition in a nationally representative sample of. persons in the United States. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Lifespan Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Community Hlth, Kettering, OH USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA. USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. RP Schoeller, DA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, 1415 Linden Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM dschoell@nutrisci.wisc.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [N01-AG-2106, N01-AG-6-2102, N01-AG-6-2103] NR 49 TC 120 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1018 EP 1025 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 925IH UT WOS:000229046300012 PM 15883424 ER PT J AU Spadano, JL Bandini, LG Must, A Dallal, GE Dietz, WH AF Spadano, JL Bandini, LG Must, A Dallal, GE Dietz, WH TI Longitudinal changes in energy expenditure in girls from late childhood through midadolescence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE energy expenditure; resting metabolic rate; physical activity; parental overweight; puberty; adolescents; female; obesity ID RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; BODY-COMPOSITION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; PREMENARCHEAL GIRLS; WHITE-CHILDREN; BLACK GIRLS; ADOLESCENTS; OBESITY; AGE AB Background: Longitudinal data on energy expenditure in children and adolescents are scarce. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine changes in energy expenditure and physical activity in girls from late childhood through midadolescence. Design: We measured total energy expenditure (TEE) by doubly labeled water, resting metabolic rate (RMR) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by O-18 dilution, and time spent in activity by an activity diary in 28 initially nonobese girls at &AP; 10, &AP; 12, and &AP; 15 y of age. Changes with age in TEE, RMR, and activity energy expenditure (AEE), both in absolute terms and in adjusted analyses, and in physical activity level (PAL) and time spent sleeping, being sedentary, and in moderate and vigorous activity were evaluated by mixed-model repeated-measures analyses. Results: Absolute TEE and AEE increased significantly from age 10 to age 15 y (P < 0.0001 for both). Absolute RMR at ages 12 and 15 y did not differ significantly, despite significant increases in fat-free mass and fat mass between the visits. PAL was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) at age 15 y than at age 10 or 12 y, whereas time spent being sedentary increased significantly from age 10 to age 15 y (P < 0.001), and AEE adjusted for fat-free mass appeared to decrease over the same interval. Conclusion: Conclusions drawn regarding changes with age in physical activity depend on the measure of physical activity assessed. C1 Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, USDA, HNRCA, Boston, MA 02111 USA. MIT, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Eurice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth & Family Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Spadano, JL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Dietary Assessment & Epidemiol Res Program, USDA, HNRCA, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA. EM jennifer.spadano@tufts.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-01066, M01-RR-00088]; NIDDK NIH HHS [P30 DK046200, 5-PD30-DK46200, DK-HD50537] NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1102 EP 1109 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 925IH UT WOS:000229046300023 PM 15883435 ER PT J AU Bailey, LB Berry, RJ AF Bailey, LB Berry, RJ TI Folic acid supplementation and the occurrence of congenital heart defects, orofacial clefts, multiple births, and miscarriage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Women and Micronutrients - Addressing the Gap Throughout the Lifecycle CY JUN, 2004 CL New York, NY SP Columbia Univ, Inst Human Nutr DE folic acid; heart defects; orofacial clefts; miscarriages; multiple births ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PERICONCEPTIONAL MULTIVITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; TWINNING RATES; PREGNANCY LOSS; FOLATE INTAKE; RISK; PREVENTION; FORTIFICATION; GESTATIONS AB Key research findings relative to the question of whether maternal use of folic acid before and during pregnancy reduces the chance that offspring will be born with a congenital heart defect or an orofacial cleft are reviewed in this paper. Observational studies in general support an association between maternal use of multivitamins containing folic acid and a reduction in the occurrence of congenital heart defects and orofacial clefts. Results from one randomized controlled trial (RCT) provide the strongest evidence that multivitamins prevent congenital heart defects, but this RCT did not provide evidence that multivitamins prevent orofacial clefts. In addition, most observational and interventional studies are not designed to detect an independent effect from folic acid. Early studies suggested that periconceptional multivitamin use was associated with an increased occurrence of both miscarriages and multiple births, which has resulted in a great deal of controversy about the safety of folic acid use during pregnancy. We also review reports that were designed to answer these questions with more definitive data. When more substantial evidence about the effect of periconceptional folic acid on the occurrence of congenital heart defects and orofacial clefts is reported, we will have additional support for promoting folic acid intervention programs. All women capable of becoming pregnant should continue to consume 400 μ g/d of folic acid in addition to a healthy diet as advised. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bailey, LB (reprint author), Univ Florida, Dept Food Sci & Human Nutr, POB 110370, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM lbbailey@mail.ifas.ufl.edu NR 49 TC 69 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 81 IS 5 BP 1213S EP 1217S PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 925IH UT WOS:000229046300046 PM 15883454 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ Davis, R Gwinn, M Lindegren, ML Yoon, P AF Khoury, MJ Davis, R Gwinn, M Lindegren, ML Yoon, P TI Do we need genomic research for the prevention of common diseases with environmental causes? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE environment; epidemiology; genomics; health promotion; medicine; preventive health services; preventive medicine; public health ID FAMILY-HISTORY; MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RISK-ASSESSMENT; LIFE-STYLE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PRIORITIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DETERMINANTS; TUBERCULOSIS AB Concerns have been raised about the value of genomic research for prevention and public health, especially for complex diseases with risk factors that are amenable to environmental modification. Given that gene-environment interactions underlie almost all human diseases, the public health significance of genomic research on common diseases with modifiable environmental risks is based not necessarily on finding new genetic "causes" but on improving existing approaches to identifying and modifying environmental risk factors to better prevent and treat disease. Such applied genomic research for environmentally caused diseases is important, because 1) it could help stratify disease risks and differentiate interventions for achieving population health benefits; 2) it could help identify new environmental risk factors for disease or help confirm suspected environmental risk factors; and 3) it could aid our understanding of disease occurrence in terms of transmission, natural history, severity, etiologic heterogeneity, and targets for intervention at the population level. While genomics is still in its infancy, opportunities exist for developing, testing, and applying the tools of genomics to clinical and public health research, especially for conditions with known or suspected environmental causes. This research is likely to lead to population-wide health promotion and disease prevention efforts, not only to interventions targeted according to genetic susceptibility. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM muk1@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 95 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 9 BP 799 EP 805 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi113 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 919RK UT WOS:000228635100001 PM 15840611 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Wang, G Safran, MA AF Brown, DR Wang, G Safran, MA TI A preliminary analysis of medical expenditures among active and sedentary US adults with mental disorders SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE exercise; inactivity; mental health; mental illness; medical costs ID HEALTH-CARE COSTS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; DEPRESSION; EXERCISE; INACTIVITY; SYMPTOMS; LACTATE; DISEASE AB Objective: To determine whether leisure-time physical activity is associated with lower direct annual medical expenditures among a sample of adults with mental disorders. Methods: Using the 1995 National Health Interview Survey and 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, differences between medical expenditures for sedentary and active persons were analyzed using t-tests. Results: The per capita annual direct medical expenditure was $2785 higher for sedentary than for active persons (P < 0.05). The total expenditure associated with sedentary behavior was $31.7 billion ($19.1 billion in men; $12.6 billion in women). Conclusions: Physical activity is associated with a reduced economic burden among people with mental disorders. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US PHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, MS K-46,4770 Buford Hwy,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DBrown@cdc.gou NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 195 EP 205 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 918MD UT WOS:000228545000001 PM 15899683 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, R Soucie, JM Evatt, BL AF Kulkarni, R Soucie, JM Evatt, BL CA Hemophilia Surveillance Syst Proje TI Prevalence and risk factors for heart disease among males with hemophilia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemophilia; coronary heart disease; acute myocardial infarction; epidemiology ID HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; DEATH; MORTALITY; POPULATION; THROMBOSIS; ACCURACY; PROTECT; CARE AB There have been conflicting reports in the literature about the protective effect of hemophilia on the occurrence of ischemic heart disease (IHD). Circulatory disease has been reported as the second most common cause of death in persons with hemophilia in the United States. In addition to diabetes and hypertension, high levels of FVIII, as may occur during factor concentrate infusions, may increase IHD risk in this population. To estimate the prevalence of heart disease and examine factors associated with IHD and other heart diseases among persons with hemophilia, we analyzed data collected from the medical records of 3,422 males with hemophilia living in six U.S. states from 1993 to 1998. Heart disease cases were ascertained from among 2,075 persons who were hospitalized at least once during the 6-year period. Of these, 48 were diagnosed with IHD and 106, with other types of heart disease. The age-specific prevalence of IHD ranged from 0.05% in those under 30 years to 15.2% in those 60 years or older. Hospital discharge rates in males with hemophilia with IHD and other types of heart disease were lower compared to rates in age-matched U.S. males. In our cohort, as in the general population, IHD was independently associated with age, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Other heart diseases were associated with HIV infection, hypertension, hemophilia B, and diabetes. In summary, persons with hemophilia have unique risk factors such as infusion of factor concentrates and infection with HIV that may predispose them to heart disease as their life expectancy increases. Am. J. Hematol. 79:36-42. (c) 2005. 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Pediat & Human Dev, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Soucie, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM msoucie@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 79 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1002/ajh.20339 PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 922MW UT WOS:000228843000006 PM 15849761 ER PT J AU Cline, DM Ferrario, CM Hamdan, SM Ayala, C Mensah, GA Lekiachvili, A AF Cline, DM Ferrario, CM Hamdan, SM Ayala, C Mensah, GA Lekiachvili, A TI The burdon of insurance and primary care coverage needs in young hypertensive patients identified in the emergency department SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hypertension CY MAY 14-18, 2005 CL San Francisco, CA SP Amer Soc Hypertension DE emergency department; primary care provider; self pay Dtatus C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Hypertens & Vasc Dis Ctr, Winston Salem, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0895-7061 J9 AM J HYPERTENS JI Am. J. Hypertens. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5 SU S BP 219A EP 219A DI 10.1016/j.amjhyper.2005.03.597 PN 2 PG 1 WC Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 927VW UT WOS:000229229600597 ER PT J AU Horton, DK Berkowitz, Z Kaye, WE AF Horton, DK Berkowitz, Z Kaye, WE TI Morbidity and mortality from hazardous materials events in the personal services industry, 1993-2001: A follow-up report from the hazardous substances emergency events surveillance (HSEES) system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hazardous materials releases; industry categories; hazardous materials victims; injury-prevention strategies AB Background An estimated 8% of acute hazardous materials (HazMat) events that occur annually in the United States involve victims. Little information is available in the literature pinpointing which industries are associated with these acute events. Methods Data from the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry&PRIME; s Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were analyzed to determine which industry categories had the highest proportion of events with victims. These data were collected from 17 state health departments that participated in the HSEES system from 1993 through 2001. Results During 1993 through 2001, 53,142 HazMat events occurred, of which 51,989 involved actual releases. Of these events with actual releases, 4,324 (8.3%) involved victims. Of the 14 major industrial categories analyzed, personal services-with 1,311 total events, including 468 with victims-had the highest major industrial category proportion of events with victims (35.7%). This high proportion of events with victims was associated mainly with the following three personal services subcategories: private households; laundry, cleaning, and garment services; and hotels and motels. Most of the victims injured in personal services events involved members of the general public. The most frequently reported symptom was respiratory irritation. The causal factors leading to most releases were operator error, followed by deliberate/illegal damage. Conclusions Targeting the personal services industries with appropriate prevention strategies may be an effective way to help begin reducing the high proportion of events with victims in this category. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Horton, DK (reprint author), Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dhorton@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 47 IS 5 BP 419 EP 427 DI 10.1002/ajim.20165 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 923JQ UT WOS:000228906600005 PM 15828069 ER PT J AU Husberg, BJ Fosbroke, DE Conway, GA Mode, NA AF Husberg, BJ Fosbroke, DE Conway, GA Mode, NA TI Hospitalized nonfatal injuries in the Alaskan construction industry SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; injuries; construction safety; injury prevention; safety; nonfatal injuries ID OCCUPATIONAL INJURY; SURVEILLANCE; EMERGENCY; RATES AB Background Construction industry workers are exposed to many hazards leading to fatal and nonfatal injuries. Information for nonfatal work-related injury surveillance may be vague and come from a variety of sources. Methods The Alaska Trauma Registry (ATR) is used as an injury surveillance tool to focus on hospitalized nonfatal injuries in the Alaskan construction industry. Results During 1991-1999, 717 workers in the Alaskan construction industry were hospitalized due to occupational injuries, with an average annual injury rate of 0.39 injuries/100 workers. Leading causes of injury included falls (48%) and machinery (15%). Thirty-four percent of the falls were from a building or structure, followed by falls from a ladder (24%). A fractured bone was the most common type of injury (57%). Conclusions Information on hospitalized patients from the ATR focuses on the more severe and debilitating injuries, and provides valuable information for prioritizing injury prevention efforts in Alaska. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, CDC, AFS, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Husberg, BJ (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, AFS, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 310, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bjh9@cdc.gov RI Mode, Nicolle/A-6804-2011 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 47 IS 5 BP 428 EP 433 DI 10.1002/ajim.20158 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 923JQ UT WOS:000228906600006 PM 15828070 ER PT J AU McKibben, L Horan, T Tokars, JI Fowler, G Cardo, DM Pearson, ML Brennan, PJ AF McKibben, L Horan, T Tokars, JI Fowler, G Cardo, DM Pearson, ML Brennan, PJ CA Healthcare Infection Control TI Guidance on public reporting of healthcare-associated infections: Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; RATES; PREVENTION AB Since 2002, 4 states have enacted legislation that requires health care organizations to publicly disclose health care-associated infection (HAI) rates. Similar legislative efforts are underway in several Other states. Advocates of mandatory public reporting of HAIs believe that making such information publicly available will enable consumers to make more informed choices about their health care and improve overall health care quality by reducing HAIs. Further, they believe that patients have a right to know this information. However, others have expressed concern that the reliability of public reporting systems may be compromised by institutional variability in the definitions used for HAIs, or in the methods and resources used to identify HAIs. Presently, there is insufficient evidence on the merits and limitations of an HAI public reporting system. Therefore, the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) has not recommended for or against mandatory public reporting of HAI rates, However, HICPAC has developed this guidance document based on established principles for public health and HAI reporting systems. This document is intended to assist policymakers, program planners, consumer advocacy organizations, and others tasked with designing and implementing public reporting systems for HAIs. The document provides a framework for legislators, but does not provide model legislation. HICPAC recommends that persons who design and implement such systems 1) use established public health surveillance methods when designing and implementing mandatory HAI reporting systems 2) create multidisciplinary advisory panels, including persons with expertise in the prevention and control of HAIs, to monitor the planning and oversight of HAI public reporting systems, 3) choose appropriate process and outcome measures based on facility type and phase in measures to allow time for facilities to adapt and to permit ongoing evaluation of data validity; and 4) provide regular and confidential feedback of performance data to healthcare providers. Specifically, HICPAC recommends that states establishing public reporting systems for HAIs select one or more of the following process or outcome measures as appropriate for hospitals or long-term care facilities in their jurisdictions: 1) central-line insertion practices 2) surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis, 3) influenza vaccination coverage among patients and healthcare personnel; 4) central line-associated bloodstream infections; and 5) surgical site infections following selected operations. HICPAC will update these recommendations as more research and experience become available. C1 CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Healthcare Outcomes Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Prevent & Evaluat Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Pearson, ML (reprint author), CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mpearson@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 101 Z9 106 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD MAY PY 2005 VL 33 IS 4 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.04.001 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 927UC UT WOS:000229225000004 PM 15877016 ER PT J AU Quinlan, KP Brewer, RD Siegel, P Sleet, DA Mokdad, AH Shults, RA Flowers, N AF Quinlan, KP Brewer, RD Siegel, P Sleet, DA Mokdad, AH Shults, RA Flowers, N TI Alcohol-impaired driving among US adults, 1993-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DRINKING; INTERVENTIONS; INJURIES AB Background: Motor vehicle-related injury is the leading cause of death in the United States for people aged I to 34 years. In 2002, 17,419 (41%) of 42,815 traffic deaths were alcohol related. Objective: To estimate trends in alcohol-impaired driving among U.S. adults from 1993 through 2002. Design, Setting and Participants: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit telephone survey of adults aged >= 18 years in all states (and the District of Columbia). Main Outcome Measures: The percentage of respondents who reported alcohol-impaired driving (AID) in the past month, total estimated annual number of AID episodes, and annual rate per 1000 adult population. Results: The estimated annual number of episodes of AID in the United States declined from 123 million in 1993 to 116 million in 1997, but then increased to 159 million in both 1999 and 2002. In varying magnitudes, this increase was observed among most subgroups of the population. In each study year, over 80% of total AID episodes were reported by people who also reported binge drinking (more than five drinks on a single occasion). Conclusions: After a general decline in the United States in the mid-1990s, self-reported AID increased substantially by the turn of the century. AID is strongly associated with binge drinking. Effective interventions to prevent AID and binge drinking should be widely adopted. (c) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Alcohol Team, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Nat Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Quinlan, KP (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, MC 6082,5841 S Maryland Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM kquinlan@peds.bsd.uchicago.edu NR 34 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 346 EP 350 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.01.006 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 919BM UT WOS:000228593300003 PM 15831339 ER PT J AU Naimi, TS Brown, DW Brewer, RD Giles, WH Mensah, G Serdula, MK Mokdad, AH Hungerford, DW Lando, J Naimi, S Stroup, DF AF Naimi, TS Brown, DW Brewer, RD Giles, WH Mensah, G Serdula, MK Mokdad, AH Hungerford, DW Lando, J Naimi, S Stroup, DF TI Cardiovascular risk factors and confounders among nondrinking and moderate-drinking US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; FRENCH PARADOX; ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; MORTALITY; PREVENTION; VOLUME; DIET; WINE AB Background: Studies suggest that moderate drinkers have lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality than nondrinkers and heavy drinkers, but there have been no randomized trials on this topic. Although most observational studies control for major cardiac risk factors, CVD is independently associated with other factors that could explain the CVD benefits ascribed to moderate drinking. Methods: Data from the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a population-based telephone survey of U.S. adults, was used to assess the prevalence of CVD risk factors and potential confounders among moderate drinkers and nondrinkers. Moderate drinkers were defined as men who drank an average of two drinks per day or fewer, or women who drank one drink or fewer per day. Results: After adjusting for age and gender, nondrinkers were more likely to have characteristics associated with increased CVD mortality in terms of demographic factors, social factors, behavioral factors, access to health care, and health-related conditions. Of the 30 CVD-associated factors or groups of factors that we assessed, 27 (90%) were significantly more prevalent among nondrinkers. Among factors with multiple categories (e.g., body weight), those in higher-risk groups were progressively more likely to be nondrinkers. Removing those with poor health status or a history of CVD did not affect the results. Conclusions: These findings suggest that some or all of the apparent protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption on CVD may be due to residual or unmeasured confounding. Given their limitations, nonrandomized studies about the health effects of moderate drinking should be interpreted with caution, particularly since excessive alcohol consumption is a leading health hazard in the United States. (c) 2005 American journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Nutr Branch, Div Phys Act & Nutr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Cardiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Naimi, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tbn7@cdc.gov RI Stockwell, Tim/B-6662-2012; OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 37 TC 177 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.01.011 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 919BM UT WOS:000228593300007 PM 15831343 ER PT J AU Denny, CH Holtzman, D Goins, RT Croft, JB AF Denny, CH Holtzman, D Goins, RT Croft, JB TI Disparities in chronic disease risk factors and health status between American Indian Alaska native and white elders: Findings from a telephone survey, 2001 and 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE AB We compared prevalence estimates of chronic disease risk factors and health status between American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) and White elders. We used 2001 and 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data to estimate the prevalence of smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, diagnosed diabetes, and general health status. For all health behavior and status measures, American Indians/Alaska Natives reported greater risk than did Whites. Risk factors among AIAN elders need to be addressed to eliminate disparities in chronic diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. W Virginia Univ, Ctr Aging, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Denny, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cdenny@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 825 EP 827 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.043489 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 922GY UT WOS:000228826000015 PM 15855458 ER PT J AU Schneider, E AF Schneider, E TI Tuberculosis among American Indians and Alaska Natives in the United States, 1993-2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE; MISCLASSIFICATION; COMPLETENESS AB Objectives. I examined trends in and epidemiological and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) within the American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) population of the United States and compared TB trends and characteristics in that population with TB trends and characteristics within other racial/ethnic groups. Methods. I analyzed all verified cases of TB reported to the US National Tuberculosis Surveillance System from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 2002. Results. From 1993 through 2002, 196133 TB cases were reported, 2612 (1.3%) of which were in the AIAN population. During this period, TB case rates declined 40.4% among AIAN peoples, the smallest decrease among any US-born racial/ethnic group. In 2002, 15075 TB cases (5.2 per 100000 population) were reported, 180 of which were in the AIAN population (8.4 per 100000 population)-almost 6 times the rate for non-Hispanic Whites (1.5 per 100000 population). Conclusions. TB continues to be a significant health problem for the AIAN population. Vigilance and collaboration among local, state, federal, AIAN, and tribal TB control programs are essential to TB elimination among the AIAN population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schneider, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Tuberculosis Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM eschneider@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAY PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 873 EP 880 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.052456 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 922GY UT WOS:000228826000025 PM 15855468 ER PT J AU Cruz, L Cardenas, VM Abarca, M Rodriguez, T Reyna, RF Serpas, MV Fontaine, RE Beasley, DWC Da Rosa, APAT Weaver, SC Tesh, RB Powers, AM Suarez-Rangel, G AF Cruz, L Cardenas, VM Abarca, M Rodriguez, T Reyna, RF Serpas, MV Fontaine, RE Beasley, DWC Da Rosa, APAT Weaver, SC Tesh, RB Powers, AM Suarez-Rangel, G TI Short report: Serological evidence of West Nile virus activity in El Salvador SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HORSES; MEXICO; STATE; SURVEILLANCE; ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION AB Epizootics of encephalitis in El Salvador killed 203 equines between November 2001 and April 2003. During an investigation of the outbreaks, 18 (25%) of 73 serum samples collected from stablemates of deceased animals in 2003 had antibodies to West Nile virus. Ten of these infections were confirmed by plaque reduction neutralization tests, suggesting West Nile virus has extended its range and spread to Central America. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. Minist Publ Hlth & Social Welf, Field Epidemiol Training Program, San Salvador, El Salvador. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Biodef & Emerging Infect Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cardenas, VM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, El Paso Reg Campus,1100 N Stanton Ave,Suite 110F, El Paso, TX 79902 USA. EM vcardenas@utep.edu RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI25489] NR 14 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 72 IS 5 BP 612 EP 615 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 924UX UT WOS:000229007200021 PM 15891137 ER PT J AU Vanlandingham, DL Hong, C Klingler, K Tsetsarkin, K Mcelroy, KL Powers, AM Lehane, MJ Higgs, S AF Vanlandingham, DL Hong, C Klingler, K Tsetsarkin, K Mcelroy, KL Powers, AM Lehane, MJ Higgs, S TI Differential infectivities of O'nyong-nyong and chikungunya virus isolates in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypt1 mosquitoes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IGBO-ORA VIRUS; ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS; AEDES-AEGYPTI; CELL LINES; FEVER; ARBOVIRUSES; INFECTION; UGANDA; DENGUE; PLAQUE AB O'nyong-nyong virus (ONNV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are closely related alphaviruses that cause human disease in Africa and Asia. Like most alphaviruses, CHIKV is vectored by culicine mosquitoes. ONNV is considered unusual as it primarily infects anopheline mosquitoes; however, there are relatively few experimental data to support this. In this study, three strains of ONNV and one strain of CHIKV were evaluated in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and in four cell lines. As predicted, CHIKV was not infectious to An. gambiae, and we observed strain-variability for ONNV with respect to the ability of the virus to infect An. gambiae and Ae. aegypti. The species specificity in vivo was reflected by in vitro experiments using culicine and anopheline-derived cell lines. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. RP Higgs, S (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Keiller 2-104,301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. EM sthiggs@utmb.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI47877, T32 AI07536]; ODCDC CDC HHS [T01/CCT622892] NR 46 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 72 IS 5 BP 616 EP 621 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 924UX UT WOS:000229007200022 PM 15891138 ER PT J AU Fox, LM Furness, BW Haser, JK Brissau, JM Louis-Charles, J Wilson, SF Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ Beach, MJ AF Fox, LM Furness, BW Haser, JK Brissau, JM Louis-Charles, J Wilson, SF Addiss, DG Lammie, PJ Beach, MJ TI Ultrasonographic examination of Haitian children with lymphatic filariasis: A longitudinal assessment in the context of antifilarial drug treatment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ADULT WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; WORM LOCATION; SCROTAL AREA; INFECTION; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; VESSELS; MEN AB To assess the clinical findings associated with detection of adult Wuchereria bancrofti worms on ultrasound, 186 schoolchildren in a filariasis-endemic area of Haiti underwent physical and ultrasonographic examinations. The filaria dance sign (FDS) of adult W. bancrofti was detected in the inguinal and crural lymphatics of 28 (15%) children. FDS detection was more common in older children (P = 0.003) and in those with a history of inguinal lymph node inflammation (P = 0.002) or crural lymphadenopathy on physical exam (P = 0.01). Twenty-five FDS-positive children were reexamined after three annual cycles of mass treatment for lymphatic filariasis (LF). The total number of adult worm nests detected by ultrasound decreased from 29 to 4 (P &LE; 0.0001). FDS and lymphangiectasia were detected in the intrascrotal (N = 3) and inguinal (N = 1) lymphatic vessels of three postpubescent boys. This study demonstrates clinical and subclinical findings of LF in FDS-positive children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hop St Croix, Leogane, Haiti. RP Fox, LM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, 85 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM lfox@bu.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 72 IS 5 BP 642 EP 648 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 924UX UT WOS:000229007200027 PM 15891143 ER PT J AU Das, CM Becker, F Vernon, S Noshari, J Joyce, C Gascoyne, PRC AF Das, CM Becker, F Vernon, S Noshari, J Joyce, C Gascoyne, PRC TI Dielectrophoretic segregation of different human cell types on microscope slides SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FIELD-FLOW-FRACTIONATION; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; SEPARATION; ELECTROROTATION; BLOOD; MODEL AB A new method for preparing cells for microscopic examination is presented in which cell mixtures are fractionated by dielectrophoretic forces and simultaneously collected into characteristic zones on slides. The method traps cells directly from the suspending medium onto the slide, reducing cell loss. Furthermore, it exploits differences in the dielectric properties of the cells, which sensitively reflect their morphology. Because different cell types are trapped in characteristic zones on the slide, the technique represents an advance over existing methods for slide preparation, such as centrifugation and smears where cells are randomly distributed. In particular, the new method should aid in the detection of rare and anomalous cell subpopulations that might otherwise go unnoticed against a high background of normal cells. As well as being suitable for traditional microscopic examination and automated slide scanning approaches, it is compatible with histochemical and immunochemical techniques, as well as emerging molecular and proteomic methods. This paper describes the rationale and design of this so-called electrosmear instrumentation and shows experimental results that verify the theory and applicability of the method with model cell lines and normal peripheral blood subpopulations. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Pathol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gascoyne, PRC (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Mol Pathol, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM peter@dielectrophoresis.org RI Sano, Michael/E-1715-2011 FU NCI NIH HHS [R33 CA088364-04]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK051065, R01-DK51065]; PHS HHS [IPA09663 01] NR 34 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2708 EP 2719 DI 10.1021/ac048196z PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 922ZD UT WOS:000228877500016 PM 15859584 ER PT J AU Chambers, DM McElprang, DO Mauldin, JP Hughes, TM Blount, BC AF Chambers, DM McElprang, DO Mauldin, JP Hughes, TM Blount, BC TI Identification and elimination of polysiloxane curing agent interference encountered in the quantification of low-picogram per milliliter methyl tert-butyl ether in blood by solid-phase microextraction headspace analysis SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRAP GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PER-TRILLION LEVEL; SURFACE-WATER; MTBE; RATS; PURGE; TOXICOKINETICS; METABOLITES AB Widespread use of the gasoline additive methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and the subsequent human exposure that follows have led to the need to quantify MTBE in a variety of complex biological matrixes. In this work, we demonstrate our latest MTBE quantification assay for whole blood and uncover previously unidentified contamination sources that prevented routine quantification in the low picogram per milliliter (parts per trillion, ppt) range despite a sensitive and selective analytical approach. The most significant and unexpected sources of contamination were found in reagents and laboratory materials most relevant to sample preparation and quantification. In particular, significant levels of MTBE were identified in sample vial septa that use poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)based polymers synthesized with peroxide curing agents having tert-butyl side groups. We propose that MTBE is one of the byproducts of these curing agents, which cross-link PDMS via the methyl side groups. Residual MTBE levels of &SIM; 20 μ g/septa are seen in septa whose formulations use these curing agents. Fortunately, these levels can be significantly reduced (i.e., < 0.2 ng/septa) by additional processing. Performance achieved with this sample preparation approach is demonstrated using a mass spectrometry-based method to quantify blood MTBE levels in the low-ppt range. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chambers, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mzz7@cdc.gov NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2912 EP 2919 DI 10.1021/ac048456c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 922ZD UT WOS:000228877500043 PM 15859611 ER PT J AU Kato, K Silva, MJ Needham, LL Calafat, AM AF Kato, K Silva, MJ Needham, LL Calafat, AM TI Determination of 16 phthalate metabolites in urine using automated sample preparation and on-line preconcentration/high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; MONOLITHIC SILICA COLUMNS; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; INTERNAL EXPOSURE; MALE-RAT; DEHP; SEPARATIONS; POPULATION AB We developed an on-line solid-phase extraction (SPE) method, coupled with isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) and with automated sample preparation, to simultaneously quantify 16 phthalate metabolites in human urine. The method requires a silica-based monolithic column for the initial preconcentration of the phthalate metabolites from the urine and a silica-based conventional analytical column for the chromatographic separation of the analytes of interest. It uses small amounts of urine (100 μ L), is sensitive (limits of detection range from 0.11 to 0.90 ng/mL), accurate (spiked recoveries are &SIM; 100%), and precise (the inter- and intraday coefficients of variation are < 10%). The method is not labor intensive, and, because pretreatment of the urine samples was performed automatically using an HPLC autosampler, involves minimal sample handling, thus minimizing exposure to hazardous chemicals. The method was validated on spiked, pooled urine samples and on urine samples from 43 adults with no known exposure to phthalates. The high sensitivity and high throughput (HPLC run time, including the preconcentration step, is 27 min) of this analytical method combined with the ease of use and effective automated sample preparation procedure make it suitable for large epidemiological studies to evaluate the prevalence of human exposure to phthalates. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Acalafat@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 134 Z9 141 U1 6 U2 42 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 9 BP 2985 EP 2991 DI 10.1021/ac0481248 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 922ZD UT WOS:000228877500052 PM 15859620 ER PT J AU Heilpern, KL Wald, M Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R AF Heilpern, KL Wald, M Talan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R TI Update on emerging infections: News from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CYCLOSPORA-CAYETANENSIS C1 Olive View UCLA, Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Heilpern, KL (reprint author), Olive View UCLA, Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 529 EP 530 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2005.02.006 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 922XY UT WOS:000228874400014 PM 15855952 ER PT J AU Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Ascher, MS Atlas, RM Burans, JP Chakraborty, R Dunn, JJ Fraser, CM Franz, DR Leighton, TJ Morse, SA Murch, RS Ravel, J Rock, DL Slezak, TR Velsko, SP Walsh, AC Walters, RA AF Budowle, B Schutzer, SE Ascher, MS Atlas, RM Burans, JP Chakraborty, R Dunn, JJ Fraser, CM Franz, DR Leighton, TJ Morse, SA Murch, RS Ravel, J Rock, DL Slezak, TR Velsko, SP Walsh, AC Walters, RA TI Toward a system of microbial forensics: from sample collection to interpretation of evidence SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MAD-COW; SARS; BIOTERRORISM; EPIDEMICS C1 Fed Bur Invest, Lab Div, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Univ Louisville, Grad Sch, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Dept Homeland Secur, Frederick, MD 21703 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Inst Genom Res, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Midwest Res Inst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Def Anal, Alexandria, VA 22311 USA. Dept Agr, Orient, NY 11957 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Intelligence Technol Innovat Ctr, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Budowle, B (reprint author), Fed Bur Invest, Lab Div, 2501 Invest Pkwy, Quantico, VA 22135 USA. EM bruce.budowle@ic.fbi.gov RI Ravel, Jacques/D-2530-2009; OI Ravel, Jacques/0000-0002-0851-2233; Fraser, Claire/0000-0003-1462-2428 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 5 BP 2209 EP 2213 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.5.2209-2213.2005 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 926EH UT WOS:000229105300001 PM 15870301 ER PT J AU Ball, LB Mccdonald, SC Mott, JA Etzel, RA AF Ball, Lauren B. Mccdonald, Steven C. Mott, Joshua A. Etzel, Ruth A. TI Carbon monoxide-related injury estimation using ICD-coded data: Methodologic implications for public health surveillance SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide poisoning; public health surveillance; ICD coding; ICD-9; ICD-10; multiple cause-of-death analysis; single cause-of-death analysis; underlying cause-of-death ID UNINTENTIONAL DEATHS; MORTALITY DATA; WEST-VIRGINIA; UNITED-STATES; CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN; SENSITIVITY; POISONINGS AB Estimates of unintentional deaths from carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can be obtained from national mortality data. We explored ways of accurately estimating CO-related deaths from International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision (ICD-9) coded U.S. mortality data. We evaluated and identified CO-related ICD-9 codes and created five classes of codes for case ascertainment that represented a continuum of the degree of certainty that the ICD-coded death was truly CO-related. We conducted single (underlying) cause-of-death and multiple-cause-of-death analysis using 20 years of data (1979-1998), and calculated sensitivity and positive predictive value using different criteria for case ascertainment. Single-cause analysis provided accurate estimates only when we used CO-exclusive E-codes, however this method failed to identify approximately one third of the CO-related deaths over the study period. Single-cause analysis overestimated the number of CO-related deaths when we used E-codes that were not exclusive to CO exposure. Identification of true CO-related deaths required multiple cause-of-death analysis and use of the CO nature-of-injury code, N986, to confirm suspected cases. Sensitivity of N986 was 99.5%, and positive predictive value of the individual E-codes in single cause-of-death analysis ranged from 1.5% to 92%. Estimating CO-related deaths from ICD-coded data requires a thorough understanding of the ICD codes, coding rules, and of the limitations imposed by case selection criteria and single cause-of-death analysis. C1 Indoor Air Solut Inc, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. Washington State Univ, Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Olympia, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington, DC USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Ball, LB (reprint author), Indoor Air Solut Inc, 1801 Meridian Rd,Suite C, Tallahassee, FL 32303 USA. EM LBALLIAQ@mindspring.com NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON OCCUP H JI Arch. Environ. Occup. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.3200/AEOH.60.3.119-127 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 103LK UT WOS:000241886500003 PM 17153084 ER PT J AU Davis, SI Pallos, LL Wu, JQ Sapp, JH Cusack, C AF Davis, Stephanie I. Pallos, L. Laszlo Wu, Jennifer Q. Sapp, James H., II Cusack, Caroline TI ATSDR's trichloroethylene subregistry methods and results: 1989-2000 SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE cohort; drinking water; exposure; registry; TCE Subregistry ID URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS; UROLOGIC DISEASES; AMERICA PROJECT; TUBULAR DAMAGE; RESOURCE USE; EXPOSURE; SCLERODERMA; ACTIVATION; SOLVENTS; WORKERS AB The National Exposure Registry of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) uses standard methods to study human exposure in four chemical subregistries: trichloroethylene (TCE), dioxin, benzene, and trichloroethane. The TCE Subregistry includes a baseline cohort of 4006 white registrants with drinking water exposure in Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Arizona. Between 3 and 6 follow-ups per site were conducted from 1989 to 2000, after baseline. Standardized morbidity ratios, controlling for age and sex, compared prevalences of 16 general health conditions in the subregistry with aggregated national estimates from the 1989-1994 National Health Interview surveys. Excess cases of dermatologic, hematologic, or hepatic disorders and strokes persisted over the lifetime of the registry. Persistent excess urinary tract disorders are likely caused by a systematic bias. This review of first-generation methods may be used to strengthen future exposure registries. C1 Agcy Tox Subst, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, SI (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SIDavis@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON OCCUP H JI Arch. Environ. Occup. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 60 IS 3 BP 130 EP 139 DI 10.3200/AEOH.60.3.130-139 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 103LK UT WOS:000241886500004 PM 17153085 ER PT J AU Hoven, CW Duarte, CS Lucas, CP Wu, P Mandell, DJ Goodwin, RD Cohen, M Balaban, V Woodruff, BA Bin, F Musa, GJ Mei, L Cantor, PA Aber, JL Cohen, P Susser, E AF Hoven, CW Duarte, CS Lucas, CP Wu, P Mandell, DJ Goodwin, RD Cohen, M Balaban, V Woodruff, BA Bin, F Musa, GJ Mei, L Cantor, PA Aber, JL Cohen, P Susser, E TI Psychopathology among New York city public school children 6 months after September 11 SO ARCHIVES OF GENERAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article ID DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW SCHEDULE; POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS; TERRORIST ATTACKS; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; WAR; DISORDERS; CHILDHOOD AB Context: Children exposed to a traumatic event may be at higher risk for developing mental disorders. The prevalence of child psychopathology, however, has not been assessed in a population-based sample exposed to different levels of mass trauma or across a range of disorders. Objective: To determine prevalence and correlates of probable mental disorders among New York City, NY, public school students 6 months following the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center attack. Design: Survey. Setting: New York City public schools. Participants: A citywide, random, representative sample of 8236 students in grades 4 through 12, including oversampling in closest proximity to the World Trade Center site (ground zero) and other high-risk areas. Main Outcome Measure: Children were screened for probable mental disorders with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Predictive Scales. Results: One or more of 6 probable anxiety/depressive disorders were identified in 28.6% of all children. The most prevalent were probable agoraphobia (14.8%), probable separation anxiety (12.3%), and probable posttraumatic stress disorder (10.6%). Higher levels of exposure correspond to higher prevalence for all probable anxiety/depressive disorders. Girls and children in grades 4 and 5 were the most affected. In logistic regression analyses, child's exposure (adjusted odds ratio, 1.62), exposure of a child's family member (adjusted odds ratio, 1.80), and the child's prior trauma (adjusted odds ratio, 2.01) were related to increased likelihood of probable anxiety/depressive disorders. Results were adjusted for different types of exposure, sociodemographic characteristics, and child mental health service use. Conclusions: A high proportion of New York City public school children had a probable mental disorder 6 months after September 11, 2001. The data suggest that there is a relationship between level of exposure to trauma and likelihood of child anxiety/depressive disorders in the community. The results support the need to apply wide-area epidemiological approaches to mental health assessment after any large-scale disaster. C1 Columbia Univ, New York State Psychiat Inst, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, New York State Psychiat Inst, Dept Psychiat, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. New York City Dept Educ, New York, NY USA. Michael Cohen Grp, LLC, New York, NY USA. NYU, Dept Psychol, New York, NY USA. Childrens Mental Hlth Alliance, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hoven, CW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, New York State Psychiat Inst, Child Psychiat Epidemiol Grp, 1051 Riverside Dr,Unit 43, New York, NY 10032 USA. EM ch42@columbia.edu RI Duarte, Cristiane/G-3600-2011 NR 30 TC 156 Z9 157 U1 7 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0003-990X J9 ARCH GEN PSYCHIAT JI Arch. Gen. Psychiatry PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 545 EP 552 DI 10.1001/archpsyc.62.5.545 PG 8 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 923JG UT WOS:000228905600011 PM 15867108 ER PT J AU Salmon, DA Moulton, LH Omer, SB deHart, MP Stokley, S Halsey, NA AF Salmon, DA Moulton, LH Omer, SB deHart, MP Stokley, S Halsey, NA TI Factors associated with refusal of childhood vaccines among parents of school-aged children - A case-control study SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION LAWS; PHILOSOPHICAL EXEMPTIONS; VACCINATION; ATTITUDES; HEALTH; BELIEFS; MEASLES; SYSTEM; RISK AB Background: The rate of nonmedical exemptions to school immunization requirements has been increasing, and children with exemptions have contributed to outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases. Objectives: To determine why parents claim nonmedical exemptions and to explore differences in perceptions of vaccines and vaccine information sources between parents of exempt and fully vaccinated children. Design: Case-control study. Setting: Colorado, Massachusetts, Missouri, and Washington. Participants: Surveys were mailed to the parents of 815 exempt children (cases) and 1630 fully vaccinated children (controls randomly selected from the same grade and school) recruited from 112 private and public elementary schools. Surveys were completed by 2435 parents (56.1%). Main Outcome Measures: Parental reports. Results: Most children (209 [75.5%] of 277) with nonmedical exemptions received at least some vaccines. The most common vaccine not received was varicella (147 [53.1%] of 277 exempt children). The most common reason stated for requesting exemptions (190 [69%] of 277) was concern that the vaccines might cause harm. Parents of exempt children were significantly more likely than parents of vaccinated children to report low perceived vaccine safety and efficacy, a low level of trust in the government, and low perceived susceptibility to and severity of vaccine-preventable diseases. Parents of exempt children were significantly less likely to report confidence in medical, public health, and government sources for vaccine information and were more likely to report confidence in alternative medicine professionals than parents of vaccinated children. Conclusion: Continued efforts must be made to educate parents about the utility and safety of vaccines, especially parents requesting nonmedical exemptions to school immunization requirements. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Immunizat Program, Olympia, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Salmon, DA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room E5543, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dsalmon@jhsph.edu RI Omer, Saad/K-1182-2012; OI Omer, Saad/0000-0002-5383-3474; Moulton, Lawrence/0000-0001-7041-7387 NR 27 TC 195 Z9 198 U1 7 U2 40 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 159 IS 5 BP 470 EP 476 DI 10.1001/archpedi.159.5.470 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 923ZK UT WOS:000228947900011 PM 15867122 ER PT J AU Silva, MJ Barr, DB Reidy, JA Kato, K Malek, NA Hodge, CC Hurtz, D Calafat, AM Needham, LL Brock, JW AF Silva, MJ Barr, DB Reidy, JA Kato, K Malek, NA Hodge, CC Hurtz, D Calafat, AM Needham, LL Brock, JW TI Glucuronidation patterns of common urinary and serum monoester phthalate metabolites (vol 77, pg 561, 2003) SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Edgewood Operat, Bel Air, MD 21015 USA. RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM zca2@cdc.gov RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 79 IS 5 BP 302 EP 302 DI 10.1007/s00204-005-0653-9 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 927SP UT WOS:000229221100008 ER PT J AU Lutzker, JR Whitaker, DJ AF Lutzker, JR Whitaker, DJ TI The expanding role of behavior analysis and support - Current status and future directions SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE thinking big; history; pitfalls ID PREVENTING CHILD-ABUSE; ACHIEVEMENT PLACE; REINFORCEMENT PROCEDURES; ECOBEHAVIORAL APPROACH; HOME SAFETY; NEGLECT; PROGRAM; RISK AB Although many of the pioneers of behavior analysis thought on a large scale and encouraged others to do so, most behavior analytic projects have remained small scale. The intent of this article is to urge the application of behavior analytic principles on a large scale. This article begins with a brief history of applied behavior analysis. It then describes some early behavior analysts who thought big and describes several examples of large-scale behavioral projects. It then shows how behavior analysis fits well with the public health model and describes how behavior analytic principles can be implemented broadly to combat public health problems. The article ends with some practical advice for behavior analysts on how to think big and speculates on the future of behavior analysis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Dev & Evaluat Branch, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent,Dev & Efficacy Res Team, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lutzker, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Dev & Evaluat Branch, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent,Dev & Efficacy Res Team, Buford Highway,NE,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Whitaker, Daniel/C-1956-2009 NR 38 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 575 EP 594 DI 10.1177/0145445504273289 PG 20 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 915ET UT WOS:000228281500008 PM 15784756 ER PT J AU Helfand, RF Moss, WJ Harpaz, R Scott, S Cutts, F AF Helfand, RF Moss, WJ Harpaz, R Scott, S Cutts, F TI Evaluating the impact of the HIV pandemic measures control and elimination SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE HIV infections/complications; measles vaccine; measles/immunology/epidemiology; antigen-antibody reactions; child; models; statistical; Africa south of the Sahara (source : MeSH, NLM) ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INFECTED CHILDREN; MEASLES ANTIBODY; TRANSMISSION; IMMUNIZATION; TYPE-1; ERADICATION; IMMUNITY; INFANTS AB Objective To estimate the impact of the HIV pandemic on vaccine-acquired population immunity to measles virus because high levels of population immunity are required to eliminate transmission of measles virus in large geographical areas, and HIV infection can reduce the efficacy of measles vaccination. Methods A literature review was conducted to estimate key parameters relating to the potential impact of HIV infection on the epidemiology of measles in sub-Saharan Africa; parameters included the prevalence of HIV, child mortality, perinatal HIV transmission rates and protective immune responses to measles vaccination. These parameter estimates were incorporated into a simple model, applicable to regions that have a high prevalence of HIV, to estimate the potential impact of HIV infection on population immunity against measles. Findings Tie model suggests that the HIV pandemic should not introduce an insurmountable barrier to measles control and elimination, in part because higher rates of primary and secondary vaccine failure among HIV-infected children are counteracted by their high mortality rate. The HIV pandemic could result in a 2-3% increase in the proportion of the birth cohort susceptible to measles, and more frequent supplemental immunization activities (SIAs) may be necessary to control or eliminate measles. In the model the optimal interval between SIAs was most influenced by the coverage rate for routine measles vaccination. The absence of a second opportunity for vaccination resulted in the greatest increase in the number of susceptible children. Conclusion These results help explain the initial success of measles elimination efforts in southern Africa, where measles control has been achieved in a setting of high HIV prevalence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Med Off Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Med Epidemiol, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. MRC Labs, Banjul, Gambia. RP Helfand, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Med Off Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rzh7@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 83 IS 5 BP 329 EP 337 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 925MH UT WOS:000229056700006 PM 15976873 ER PT J AU Knobel, DL Cleaveland, S Coleman, PG Fevre, EM Meltzer, MI Miranda, MEG Shaw, A Zinsstag, J Meslin, FX AF Knobel, DL Cleaveland, S Coleman, PG Fevre, EM Meltzer, MI Miranda, MEG Shaw, A Zinsstag, J Meslin, FX TI Re-evaluating the burden of rabies in Africa and Asia SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE rabies/mortality/economics; dogs; cost of illness; disability evaluation; health care costs; probability; models; theoretical; Africa; Asia (source : MeSH, NLM ID DOG-BITE INJURIES; NEUROLOGICAL COMPLICATIONS; VACCINATION CAMPAIGN; MACHAKOS DISTRICT; POPULATION; MORTALITY; DISABILITY; ECONOMICS; ZIMBABWE; DISEASE AB Objective To quantify the public health and economic burden of endemic canine rabies in Africa and Asia. Methods Data from these regions were applied to a set of linked epidemiological and economic models. The human population at risk from endemic canine rabies was predicted using data on dog density, and human rabies deaths were estimated using a series of probability steps to determine the likelihood of clinical rabies developing in a person after being bitten by a dog suspected of having rabies. Model outputs on mortality and morbidity associated with rabies were used to calculate an improved disability-adjusted life year (DALY) score for the disease. The total societal cost incurred by the disease is presented. Findings Human mortality from endemic canine rabies was estimated to be 55 000 deaths per year (90% confidence interval (Cl) 24 000-93 000). Deaths due to rabies are responsible for 1.74 million DALYs lost each year (90% Cl = 0.75-2.93). An additional 0.04 million DALYs are lost through morbidity and mortality following side-effects of nerve-tissue vaccines. The estimated annual cost of rabies is US$ 583.5 million (90% Cl = US$ 540.1-626.3 million). Patient-borne costs for post-exposure treatment form the bulk of expenditure, accounting for nearly half the total costs of rabies. Conclusions Rabies remains an important yet neglected disease in Africa and Asia. Disparities in the affordability and accessibility of post-exposure treatment and risks of exposure to rabid dogs result in a skewed distribution of the disease burden across society, with the major impact failing on those living in poor rural communities, in particular children. C1 Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Trop Vet Med, Royal Sch Vet Studies, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Reg Off Western Pacif ic, Manila, Philippines. Swiss Trop Inst, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Knobel, DL (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Trop Vet Med, Royal Sch Vet Studies, Easter Bush, Roslin EH25 9RG, Midlothian, Scotland. EM d.l.knobel@sms.ed.ac.uk RI Zinsstag, Jakob/A-8317-2008 OI Zinsstag, Jakob/0000-0002-8899-6097 NR 50 TC 548 Z9 589 U1 5 U2 125 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 83 IS 5 BP 360 EP 368 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 925MH UT WOS:000229056700010 PM 15976877 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Breslau, ES Thompson, T Benard, VB AF Coughlin, SS Breslau, ES Thompson, T Benard, VB TI Physician recommendation for Papanicolaou testing among US women, 2000 SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; CERVICAL-CANCER; OLDER WOMEN; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; AMERICAN WOMEN; PRIMARY-CARE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; BEHAVIORAL-MODEL; SYSTEMS-MODEL AB Objective: Many women in the U.S. undergo routine cervical cancer screening, but some women have rarely or never had a Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Studies of other cancer screening tests (for example, mammograms) have shown that physician recommendation to get a screening test is one of the strongest predictors of cancer screening. Methods: In this study, we examined whether women in the U.S. had received a physician recommendation to get a Pap test using data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Reported reasons for not receiving a Pap test were also explored. Results: Among women aged &GE; 18 years who had no history of hysterectomy, 83.3% [95% confidence interval (CI), 82.484.1%] of the 13,636 women in this sample had had a Pap test in the last 3 years. Among 2,310 women who had not had a recent Pap test, reported reasons for not receiving a Pap test included: "No reason/never thought about it" (48.0%; 95% CI, 45.5-50.7), "Doctor didn't order it" (10.3%; 95% CI, 8.7-12.0), "Didn't need it/didn't know I needed this type of test" (8.1%; 95% CI, 6.7-9.6), "Haven't had any problems" (9.0%; 95% CI, 7.6-10.5), "Put it off" (7.4%; 95% CI, 6.2-8.7), "Too expensive/no insurance" (8.7%; 95% CI, 7.3-10.2), "Too painful, unpleasant, embarrassing" (3.5%; 95% CI, 2.5-4.6), and "Don't have doctor" (1.7%; 95% CI, 1.2-2.4). Among women who had had a doctor visit in the last year but who had not had a recent Pap test, about 86.7% (95% CI, 84.5-88.6) reported that their doctor had not recommended a Pap test in the last year. African-American women were as likely as White women to have received a doctor recommendation to get a Pap test. Hispanic women were as likely as non-Hispanic women to have received a doctor recommendation to get a Pap test. In multivariate analysis, factors positively associated with doctor recommendation to get a Pap test included being aged 30 to 64 years, having been born in the U.S., and having seen a specialist or general doctor in the past year. Conclusion: These findings suggest that lack of a physician recommendation contributes to underuse of Pap screening by many eligible women. Given research that shows the effectiveness of physician recommendations in improving use, increased physician recommendations could contribute significantly to increased Pap screening use in the U.S. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM sic9@cdc.gov NR 56 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1143 EP 1148 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0559 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 925DP UT WOS:000229032000016 PM 15894664 ER PT J AU Pfeiffer, CM Fazili, Z Zhang, M AF Pfeiffer, CM Fazili, Z Zhang, M TI Folate assays - Do we know what we are measuring? A way forward for stanardising folate measurement SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT European Congress of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EUROMEDLAB 2005) CY MAY 08-12, 2005 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IFCC, FESCC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM CFP8@CDC.GOV NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 355 SU S BP S457 EP S457 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 928DD UT WOS:000229250402432 ER PT J AU Johnson, AJ Noga, AJ Kosoy, O Lanciotti, RS Johnson, AA Biggerstaff, BJ AF Johnson, AJ Noga, AJ Kosoy, O Lanciotti, RS Johnson, AA Biggerstaff, BJ TI Duplex microsphere-based immunoassay for detection of anti-West Nile virus and anti-St. Louis encephalitis virus immunoglobulin M antibodies SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; RECOMBINANT ANTIGEN; DIAGNOSIS; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; SERUM AB West Nile (WN) virus was introduced into the United States in 1999, when the first human cases of WN fever and encephalitis appeared in New York City. From there, the virus has spread throughout North America, in some areas cocirculating with the related flavivirus St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus. Public health laboratories currently use an immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (MAC-ELISA) as a primary test for human serodiagnosis, followed by a confirmatory plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT). The MAC-ELISAs take 2 days to perform; therefore there is a need for a more rapid test. This report describes a duplex microsphere-based immunoassay (MIA) that shortens the test processing time to about 4.5 h. The assay employs two sets of microspheres coupled to a single flavivirus group-reactive antibody, which are used to capture the WN and SLE viral antigens independently. Immunoglobulin G-depleted serum is concurrently assayed for IgM antibodies to each of the viral antigens. The results are standardized and classified by using quadratic discriminant analysis so that a single result, anti-WN IgM-positive, anti-SLE IgM-positive, negative, or nonspecific, can be determined. The duplex MIA results compared favorably to those of the plaque-reduction neutralization test and MAC-ELISA. The assay proved to be reproducible, produced accurate classifications as to the infecting virus, and was specific. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control, DVBID,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Johnson, AJ (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control, DVBID,Publ Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM ajj1@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 12 IS 5 BP 566 EP 574 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.5.566-574.2005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 955AM UT WOS:000231197000002 PM 15879016 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Archibold, E Porter, KH Myers, GL AF Vesper, HW Archibold, E Porter, KH Myers, GL TI Assessment of a reference procedure to collect and analyze glucose in capillary whole blood SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; PLASMA; METER; SPECIMENS; SYSTEMS; ERROR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Clin Chem Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Clin Chem Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hav2@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 51 IS 5 BP 901 EP 903 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2004.042051 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 919IX UT WOS:000228612800017 PM 15734794 ER PT J AU Causer, LM Filler, S Newman, RD AF Causer, LM Filler, S Newman, RD TI Mismanagement of malaria among travelers in developing countries - Reply SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Causer, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lsc6@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1383 EP 1383 DI 10.1086/429519 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 913IT UT WOS:000228145600037 ER PT J AU Saydah, SH Chandra, A Eberhardt, MS AF Saydah, SH Chandra, A Eberhardt, MS TI Pregnancy experience among women with and without gestational diabetes in the US, 1995 National Survey of Family Growth SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; MELLITUS; OUTCOMES; RECURRENCE AB OBJECTIVE - To compare the pregnancy experience among women with and without survey gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) using a nationally representative survey. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We analyzed data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth conducted by National Center for Health Statistics on 3,088 women. ears with at least One pregnancy between 1991 and 1995 to compare demographics, fecundity, and pregnancy experience by GDM (n = 116) or nondiabetes (it = 2,969) Status. RESULTS - Am:m women with a pregnancy during 1.991-1995, 3.6 % reported GDM history. Women with GDM were older at age of delivery (31.8 years) than women Without diabetes (29.0 vears, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups by race/ethnicity. compared with women without diabetes, women With gestational diabetes were more likely to report being currently surgically sterile (20.4 vs. 32.6 %) or having impaired fecundity (12.6 vs. 19.7 %, P < 0.001). GDM patients were more likely to have had a caesarean section than those without diabetes (31.7 vs. 20.9 %, P = 0.02) and were more likely to report at least one of six additional nonroutine medical complications during pregnancy than nondiabetic patients (48.8 vs. 17.1 %, P < 0.001). The odds ratio of a maternal medical complication during pregnancy for women with GDM compared with nondiabetic women, after adjusting for age at pregnancy and nongestational hypertension, was 4.3 (95 % Cl 2.7-6.8). CONCLUSIONS- These findings suggest that pregnancies in women With GDM are more likely to be associated with maternal medical complications compared with pregnancies in women without diabetes. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Saydah, SH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM ssaydah@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAY PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1035 EP 1040 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.5.1035 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 920OX UT WOS:000228701100008 PM 15855563 ER PT J AU Burrows, NR Narva, AS Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Acton, KJ AF Burrows, NR Narva, AS Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM Acton, KJ TI End-stage renal disease due to diabetes among southwestern American Indians, 1990-2001. SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID NATIVE-AMERICANS; ALASKA NATIVES; KIDNEY-DISEASE; RISK; COMPLICATIONS; INHIBITORS; PEOPLE AB OBJECTIVE - This study assesses trends in the incidence of diabetes-related end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among Southwestern American Indians (SWAIs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Using the U.S. Renal Data system, we obtained the total number of new cases Of treated ESRD in which diabetes was the primary cause of renal failure in 1990 through 2001. The incidence of diabetes-related ESRD was calculated using census population figures and estimates of the SWAI population with diabetes, then age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. population. RESULTS - Between 1990 and 2001, the annual number of new patients Starting treatment for diabetes-related ESRD in the SWAI total population increased from 154 to 320, and the age-adjusted diabetes-related ESRD incidence per 10,000 population increased 34 % (6.2-8.3 per 10,000 people) However, after adjusting for the increasing number of people With diabetes in the SWAI population between 1993 and 2001, the age-adjusted incidence of diabetes-related ESRD among SWA's with diabetes decreased 31 %, from 80.4 to 55.8 per 10,000 people with diabetes. It decreased for both sexes and in all age-groups. CONCLUSIONS - The increasing incidence of diabetes-related ESRD in the SWAI population parallels the growing prevalence of diabetes. However, since 1993 diabetes-related ESRD incidence decreased in the SWAI population With diabetes, consistent with national trends. This may reflect the reduction in risk factors and improvements in diabetes care practices in Indian communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Stat Branch, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Div Diabet Treatment & Prevent, Albuquerque, NM USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Kidney Dis Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Burrows, NR (reprint author), MPH, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MAilstop K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nrios@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAY PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1041 EP 1044 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.5.1041 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 920OX UT WOS:000228701100009 PM 15855564 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Ajani, UA McGuire, LC Liu, S AF Ford, ES Ajani, UA McGuire, LC Liu, S TI Concentrations of serum vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome among US adults SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; HYPOVITAMINOSIS-D; MEN; 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB Accumulating research suggests that circulating concentrations of vitamin D may be inversely related to the prevalence of diabetes (1-4), to the concentration of glucose (4-8), and to insulin resistance (4,5,8,9). In addition, vitanim D deficiency may be a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome (8,10), a highly prevalent condition among U.S. adults (11). Much remains to be learned, however, about the relationship between vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome. Because this topic has received scant attention and the available information was derived from a small clinically based sample, we sought to examine the nature and strength of the association between serum concentrations of vitamin D and the metabolic syndrome in a large nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov RI Liu, Simin/I-3689-2014 OI Liu, Simin/0000-0003-2098-3844 NR 20 TC 324 Z9 341 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAY PY 2005 VL 28 IS 5 BP 1228 EP 1230 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.5.1228 PG 3 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 920OX UT WOS:000228701100044 PM 15855599 ER PT J AU Tabaei, BP Engelgau, MM Herman, WH AF Tabaei, BP Engelgau, MM Herman, WH TI A multivariate logistic regression equation to screen for dysglycaemia: development and validation SO DIABETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE capillary glucose; impaired fasting glucose; impaired glucose tolerance; risk factors; screening; undiagnosed diabetes ID GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE TEST; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; RISK SCORE; UNDIAGNOSED HYPERGLYCEMIA; PROGNOSTIC MODELS; FASTING GLUCOSE; LIFE-STYLE; PERFORMANCE; PREVENTION; DIAGNOSIS AB Aims To develop and validate an empirical equation to screen for dysglycaemia [impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and undiagnosed diabetes]. Methods A predictive equation was developed using multiple logistic regression analysis and data collected from 1032 Egyptian subjects with no history of diabetes. The equation incorporated age, sex, body mass index (BMI), post-prandial time (self-reported number of hours since last food or drink other than water), systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and random capillary plasma glucose as independent covariates for prediction of dysglycaemia based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) >= 6.1 mmol/l and/or plasma glucose 2 h after a 75-g oral glucose load (2-h PG) >= 7.8 mmol/l. The equation was validated using a cross-validation procedure. Its performance was also compared with static plasma glucose cut-points for dysglycaemia screening. Results The predictive equation was calculated with the following logistic regression parameters: P = 1 + 1/(1 + e(-X)) = where X = -8.3390 + 0.0214 (age in years) + 0.6764 (if female) + 0.0335 (BMI in kg/m(2)) + 0.0934 (post-prandial time in hours) + 0.0141 (systolic blood pressure in mmHg) - 0.0110 (HDL in mmol/l) + 0.0243 (random capillary plasma glucose in mmol/l). The cut-point for the prediction of dysglycaemia was defined as a probability >= 0.38. The equation's sensitivity was 55%, specificity 90% and positive predictive value (PPV) 65%. When applied to a new sample, the equation's sensitivity was 53%, specificity 89% and PPV 63%. Conclusions This multivariate logistic equation improves on currently recommended methods of screening for dysglycaemia and can be easily implemented in a clinical setting using readily available clinical and non-fasting laboratory data and an inexpensive hand-held programmable calculator. C1 Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Herman, WH (reprint author), Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Dept Internal Med, 1500 E Med Ctr Dr,3920 Taubman Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM wherman@umich.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-20572]; PHS HHS [MM-0345-03/03] NR 46 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0742-3071 J9 DIABETIC MED JI Diabetic Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 22 IS 5 BP 599 EP 605 DI 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2005.01467.x PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 916PJ UT WOS:000228397300012 PM 15842515 ER PT J AU Liu, G Talkington, DF Fields, BS Levine, OS Yang, YH Tondella, MLC AF Liu, G Talkington, DF Fields, BS Levine, OS Yang, YH Tondella, MLC TI Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in young children from China with community-acquired pneumonia SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Chlamydia pneumoniae; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; community-acquired pneumonia; real-time PCR; PCR; China; pneumonia ID RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTION; PCR; ETIOLOGY; ASSAYS; DIAGNOSIS; EFFICACY; INFANTS; DISEASE; SAFETY AB Eighty-five cases community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children 5 years or younger, confirmed by chest X-ray, and 185 age-matched control patients with diarrhea or dermatitis from the Outpatient Department at Beijing Children's Hospital were enrolled into this study. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from all subjects, Real-time PCR-based fluorescence assays were performed for Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. A nested PCR was also run for C. pneumoniae for comparison of assays. C. pneumoniae was found in 3 (3.5%) of CAP cases and in 4 (2.1%) of controls (P = 0.51). M. pneumoniae was found in 6 (7.1%) of CAP cases and in none of the controls (P = 0.001). The agreement rate of the 2 applied PCR methods used for C. pneumoniae detection was 98.5%. Our study demonstrates that M. pneumoniae may play a significant role in CAP affecting children up to 5 years in China, whereas C. pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal specimens was not associated with CAP in this age group. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Capital Univ Med Sci, Beijing Childrens Hosp, New York, NY 10045 USA. RP Tondella, MLC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mlt5@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1 BP 7 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.01.005 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 930VG UT WOS:000229444600002 PM 15878436 ER PT J AU Berry, RJ Kihlberg, R AF Berry, RJ Kihlberg, R TI Untitled SO EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Letter ID SUPPLEMENTATION; PREGNANCIES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Nutr, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RJBerry@cdc.gov OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0378-3782 J9 EARLY HUM DEV JI Early Hum. Dev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 81 IS 5 BP 465 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2005.03.003 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 937XQ UT WOS:000229960200011 PM 15935924 ER PT J AU Bern, C Hightower, AW Chowdhury, R Ali, M Amann, J Wagatsuma, Y Haque, R Kurkjian, K Vaz, LE Begum, M Akter, T Cetre-Sossah, CB Ahluwalia, IB Dotson, E Secor, WE Breiman, RF Maguire, JH AF Bern, C Hightower, AW Chowdhury, R Ali, M Amann, J Wagatsuma, Y Haque, R Kurkjian, K Vaz, LE Begum, M Akter, T Cetre-Sossah, CB Ahluwalia, IB Dotson, E Secor, WE Breiman, RF Maguire, JH TI Risk factors for kala-azar in Bangladesh SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIRECT AGGLUTINATION-TEST; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; RECOMBINANT K-39; DIPSTICK TEST; INDIA; DIAGNOSIS; NEPAL; INFECTION; BIHAR AB Since 1990, South Asia has experienced a resurgence of kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis). To determine risk factors for kala-azar, we performed cross-sectional surveys over a 3-year period in a Bangladeshi community. By history, active case detection, and serologic screening, 155 of 2,356 residents had kala-azar with onset from 2000 to 2003. Risk was highest for persons 3-45 years of age, and no significant difference by sex was seen. In age-adjusted multivariable models, 3 factors were identified: proximity to a previous kala-azar patient (odds ratio [OR] 25.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 15-44 within household; OR 3.2 95% CI 1.7-6.1 within 50 m), bed net use in summer (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.53-0.93), and cattle per 1,000 m(2) (OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.70-0.94]). No difference was seen by income, education, or occupation; land ownership or other assets; housing materials and condition; or keeping goats or chickens inside bedrooms. Our data confirm strong clustering and suggest that insecticide-treated nets could be effective in preventing kala-azar. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. RP Bern, C (reprint author), NCID, Div Parasit Dis, CDC, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Cbern@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 92 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 655 EP 662 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 920IQ UT WOS:000228683000002 PM 15890115 ER PT J AU McClain, J Bernhardt, JM Beach, MJ AF McClain, J Bernhardt, JM Beach, MJ TI Assessing parents' perception of children's risk for recreational water illnesses SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PROTECTION MOTIVATION THEORY; PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS; SWIMMING POOL; BEHAVIOR; CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; OUTBREAK; HAZARDS; VULNERABILITY; CONNECTICUT; SAFETY AB Understanding people's risk perceptions and motivations to adopt preventive behavior is important in preventing the spread of recreational water illnesses (RWI) and other emerging infectious diseases. We developed a comprehensive scale measuring parents' perceived risk of their children contracting RWI. Parents (N = 263) completed a self-administered questionnaire with scale items based on 4 constructs of the Protection Motivation Theory: perceived vulnerability, perceived severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy. Exploratory factor analysis identified 7 underlying factors, indicating 7 subscales of perceived risk for RWI. Cronbach (x ranged from 0.60 to 0.81. The Precaution Adoption Process Model supported scale construct validity. This study provides the first perceived risk scale for exploring psychosocial factors that may predict or mediate the adoption of behaviors that prevent the spread of infectious diseases contracted by children while swimming. Findings from this study also provide implications for encouraging preventive behavior against other emerging infectious diseases. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Council State & Territorial Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bernhardt, JM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,560, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM jbernha@sph.emory.edu NR 39 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 670 EP 676 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 920IQ UT WOS:000228683000004 PM 15890117 ER PT J AU Fox, LM Ocfemia, MCB Hunt, DC Blackburn, BG Neises, D Kent, WK Beach, MJ Pezzino, G AF Fox, LM Ocfemia, MCB Hunt, DC Blackburn, BG Neises, D Kent, WK Beach, MJ Pezzino, G TI Emergency survey methods in acute cryptosporidiosis outbreak SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; INTERNET; POOL AB In August 2003, a communitywide outbreak of cryptosporidiosis occurred in Kansas. We conducted a case-control study to assess risk factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection by using the telephone survey infrastructure of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Using existing state-based infrastructure provides an innovative means for investigating acute outbreaks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kansas Dept Hlth & Environm, Topeka, KS USA. Univ Kansas, Ctr Med, Kansas City, KS USA. Lawrence Douglas Cty Hlth Dept, Lawrence, KS USA. Kansas Hlth Inst, Topeka, KS USA. RP Fox, LM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, 85 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 729 EP 731 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 920IQ UT WOS:000228683000017 PM 15890130 ER PT J AU Widdowson, MA Monroe, SS Glass, RI AF Widdowson, MA Monroe, SS Glass, RI TI Are noroviruses emerging? SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; CRUISE SHIPS; CALICIVIRUS; OUTBREAK; IDENTIFICATION; NETHERLANDS; POPULATION; MARYLAND C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Mailstop GO4,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 29 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 735 EP 737 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 920IQ UT WOS:000228683000019 PM 15898170 ER PT J AU Effler, PV Pang, L Kitsutani, P Vorndam, V Nakata, M Ayers, T Elm, J Tom, T Reiter, P Rigau-Perez, JG Hayes, JM Mills, K Napier, M Clark, GG Gubler, DJ AF Effler, PV Pang, L Kitsutani, P Vorndam, V Nakata, M Ayers, T Elm, J Tom, T Reiter, P Rigau-Perez, JG Hayes, JM Mills, K Napier, M Clark, GG Gubler, DJ CA Hawaii Dengue Outbreak Inv TI Dengue fever, Hawaii, 2001-2002 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; UNITED-STATES; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; VIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; ANTIBODIES; SURVEILLANCE; SPREAD AB Autochthonous dengue infections were last reported in Hawaii in 1944. In September 200 1, the Hawaii Department of Health was notified of an unusual febrile illness in a resident with no travel history; dengue fever was confirmed. During the investigation, 1,644 persons with locally acquired denguelike illness were evaluated, and 122 (7%) laboratory-positive dengue infections were identified; dengue virus serotype 1 was isolated from 15 patients. No cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock syndrome were reported. In 3 instances autochthonous infections were linked to a person who reported denguelike illness after travel to French Polynesia. Phylogenetic analyses showed the Hawaiian isolates were closely associated with contemporaneous isolates from Tahiti. Aedes albopictus was present in all communities surveyed on Oahu, Maui, Molokai, and Kauai; no Ae. aegypti were found. This out break underscores the importance of maintaining surveillance and control of potential disease vectors even in the absence of an imminent disease threat. C1 Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Dis Outbreak Control Div, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Pacific Disaster Ctr, Kihei, HI USA. RP Effler, PV (reprint author), Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Dis Outbreak Control Div, 1132 Bishop St,Suite 1900, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 39 TC 183 Z9 197 U1 0 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 742 EP 749 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 920IQ UT WOS:000228683000022 PM 15890132 ER PT J AU LaRocque, RC Breiman, RF Ari, MD Morey, RE Janan, FA Hayes, JM Hossain, MA Brooks, WA Levett, PN AF LaRocque, RC Breiman, RF Ari, MD Morey, RE Janan, FA Hayes, JM Hossain, MA Brooks, WA Levett, PN TI Leptospirosis during Dengue outbreak, Bangladesh SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIC; INDIA AB We collected acute-phase serum samples from febrile patients at 2 major hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, during an outbreak of dengue fever in 2001. A total of 18% of dengue-negative patients tested positive for leptospirosis. The case-fatality rate among leptospirosis patients (5%) was higher than among dengue fever patients (11.2%). C1 Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Dhaka Med Coll Hosp, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan, PR USA. RP LaRocque, RC (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Gray Jackson 504,55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114 USA. EM rclarocque@partners.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI058935, U01-AI58935]; PHS HHS [GR-00100] NR 15 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 766 EP 769 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 920IQ UT WOS:000228683000026 PM 15890136 ER PT J AU Kretsinger, K Sobel, J Tarkhashvili, N Chakvetadze, N Moistrafishvili, M Sikharulidze, M Gold, BD Chubinidze, M Imnadze, P AF Kretsinger, K Sobel, J Tarkhashvili, N Chakvetadze, N Moistrafishvili, M Sikharulidze, M Gold, BD Chubinidze, M Imnadze, P TI Helicobacter pylori, Republic of Georgia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Dis Control, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jsobel@cdc.gov FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-53708, R01 DK053708] NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAY PY 2005 VL 11 IS 5 BP 780 EP 781 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 920IQ UT WOS:000228683000034 PM 15898179 ER PT J AU Reeves, WK Cook, JL AF Reeves, WK Cook, JL TI First record of Triozocera vernalis Kifune and Brailovsky (Strepsiptera : Corioxenidae) from the United States, with additional records for Strepsiptera in South Carolina SO ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID HYMENOPTERA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sam Houston State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, TX 77320 USA. RP Reeves, WK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wreeves@alumni.clemson.edu; bio_jlc@shsu.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ENTOMOL SOC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1900 BENJ FRANKLIN PARKWAY, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1195 USA SN 0013-872X J9 ENTOMOL NEWS JI Entomol. News PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 116 IS 3 BP 191 EP 192 PG 2 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 937AB UT WOS:000229895800013 ER PT J AU Carreon, T Butler, MA Ruder, AM Waters, MA Davis-King, KE Calvert, GM Schulte, PA Connally, B Ward, EM Sanderson, WT Heineman, EF Mandel, JS Morton, RF Reding, DJ Rosenman, KD Talaska, G AF Carreon, T Butler, MA Ruder, AM Waters, MA Davis-King, KE Calvert, GM Schulte, PA Connally, B Ward, EM Sanderson, WT Heineman, EF Mandel, JS Morton, RF Reding, DJ Rosenman, KD Talaska, G CA Brain Canc Collaborative Study Grp TI Gliomas and farm pesticide exposure in women: The Upper Midwest Health Study SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE brain cancer; case-control; farmers; glioma; Midwest; pesticides; women ID OCCUPATIONAL RISK-FACTORS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BRAIN CANCER; TUMORS; SHANGHAI; STATES AB An excess incidence of brain cancer in male farmers has been noted in several studies, but few studies have focused on women. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Upper Midwest Health Study evaluated effects of rural exposures for 341 female glioma cases and 528 controls, all adult (18-80 years of age) nonmetropolitan residents of Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. On average, controls lived longer on farms than did cases. After adjusting for age, age group, education, and farm residence, no association with glioma was observed for exposure to arsenicals, benzoic acids, carbamates, chloroacetanilides, dinitroanilines, inorganics, organochlorines, organophosphates, phenoxys, triazines, or urea-based or estrogenic pesticides. An increased risk of glioma was observed for carbamate herbicides but was not statistically significant (odds ratio = 3.0; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-9.5). No association was observed between glioma and exposure to 12 widely used specific pesticides, after adjustment for age, age group, education, and any other pesticide exposure. These results were not affected after exclusion of proxy respondents (43% of cases, 2% of controls). Women were less likely than men to have applied pesticides, but more likely to have laundered pesticide-contaminated clothes. Storing pesticides in the house was associated with a statistically nonsignificant increased risk. Results show that exposure to pesticides was not associated with an increased risk of intracranial gliomas in women. Other farm-related factors could be etiologic factors and will be discussed in future reports. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NCI, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Mercy Fdn, Des Moines, IA USA. Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Nat Farm Med Ctr, Marshfield, WI USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Carreon, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-16, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM carreota@ucmail.uc.edu RI Carreon, Tania/A-6548-2008; Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 37 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 5 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 113 IS 5 BP 546 EP 551 DI 10.1289/ehp.7456 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 924ET UT WOS:000228962400032 PM 15866761 ER PT J AU Huhn, GD Austin, C Carr, M Heyer, D Boudreau, P Gilbert, G Eimen, T Lindsley, MD Cali, S Conover, CS Dworkin, MS AF Huhn, GD Austin, C Carr, M Heyer, D Boudreau, P Gilbert, G Eimen, T Lindsley, MD Cali, S Conover, CS Dworkin, MS TI Two outbreaks of occupationally acquired histoplasmosis: More than workers at risk SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE antigen; bat guano; bridge; dust; histoplasmosis; landfill; occupationally acquired; spores; workers ID STARLING ROOST; CAPSULATUM; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIC; ANTIGEN AB OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the etiology and risk factors for acute histoplasmosis in two outbreaks in Illinois among laborers at a landfill in 2001 and at a bridge reconstruction site in 2003. DESIGN: We performed environmental investigations during both outbreaks and also performed an analytic cohort study among bridge workers. PARTICIPANTS: Workers at the landfill during May 2001 and those at the bridge site during August 2003 participated in the study. At the landfill, workers moved topsoil from an area that previously housed a barn; at the bridge, workers observed bat guano on bridge beams. EVALUATIONS/MEASUREMENTS: We defined a case by positive immunodiffusion serology, a &GE; 4-fold titer rise in complement Fixation between acute and convalescent sera, or positive urinary Histoplasma capsulatum (HQ antigen. Relative risks (RR) for disease among bridge workers were calculated using bivariate analysis. RESULTS: Eight of 11 landfill workers (73%) and 6 of 12 bridge workers (50%) were laboratory-confirmed histoplasmosis cases. Three bridge workers had positive urinary HC antigen. At the bridge, seeing or having contact with bats [RR = 7.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-43.0], jack-hammering (RR = 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2-13.3), and waste disposal (RR = 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2-13.3) were the most significant job-related risk factors for acquiring histoplasmosis. CONCLUSIONS: Workers performing activities that aerosolized topsoil and dust were at increased risk for acquiring histoplasmosis. REVELANCE TO PROFESSIONAL AND CLINICAL PRACTICE: Employees should wear personal protective equipment and use dust-suppression techniques when working in areas potentially contaminated with bird or bat droppings. Urinary HC antigen testing was important in rapidly identifying disease in the 2003 outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branc, Atlanta, GA USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Macon Cty Hlth Dept, Decatur, IL USA. Kankakee Cty Hlth Dept, Div Chron & Communicable Dis, Kankakee, IL USA. Ford Iroquois Publ Hlth Dept, Watseka, IL USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. RP Huhn, GD (reprint author), Rush Univ, Ctr Med, 600 S Paulina St,Suite 140-143,AC FAC, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. EM Gregory_Huhn@rush.edu NR 18 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 113 IS 5 BP 585 EP 589 DI 10.1289/ehp.7484 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 924ET UT WOS:000228962400038 PM 15866767 ER PT J AU Fleming, LE Backer, LC Baden, DG AF Fleming, LE Backer, LC Baden, DG TI Overview of aerosolized Florida red tide toxins: Exposures and effects SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE brevetoxins; harmful algal blooms (HABs); Karenia brevis; red tides; sensitive populations ID HUMAN HEALTH; SODIUM-CHANNELS; RAT-BRAIN; SHELLFISH; BREVETOXINS; RECEPTOR; BINDING; OCEANS AB Florida red tide is caused by Karenia brevis, a dinoflagellate that periodically blooms, releasing its potent neurotoxin, brevetoxin, into the surrounding waters and air along the coast of the Gulf of Mexico. Exposure to Florida red tide toxins has been associated with adverse human health effects and massive fish and marine mammal deaths. The articles in this mini-monograph describe the ongoing interdisciplinary and interagency research program that characterizes the exposures and health effects of aerosolized Florida red tide toxins (brevetoxins). The interdisciplinary research program uses animal models and laboratory studies to develop hypotheses and apply these findings to in situ human exposures. Our ultimate goal is to develop appropriate prevention measures and medical interventions to mitigate or prevent adverse health effects from exposure to complex mixtures of aerosolized red tide toxins. C1 NIEHS, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Natl Sci Fdn, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci Oceans, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Fleming, LE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 1801 NW 9th Ave,Highland Profess Bldg,Suite 200,R, Miami, FL 33136 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES 10594, P01 ES010594, P01 ES010594-04] NR 38 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 113 IS 5 BP 618 EP 620 DI 10.1289/ehp.7501 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 924ET UT WOS:000228962400044 PM 15866773 ER PT J AU Cheng, YS Zhou, Y Irvin, CM Pierce, RH Naar, J Backer, LC Fleming, LE Kirkpatrick, B Baden, DG AF Cheng, YS Zhou, Y Irvin, CM Pierce, RH Naar, J Backer, LC Fleming, LE Kirkpatrick, B Baden, DG TI Characterization of marine aerosol for assessment of human exposure to brevetoxins SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE brevetoxin; exposure assessment; Karenia brevis; marine aerosol; particle size distribution; personal exposure; red tide ID RED TIDE; FLORIDA; BREVIS AB Red tides in the Gulf of Mexico are commonly formed by the fish-killing dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, which produces nine potent polyether brevetoxins (PbTxs). Brevetoxins can be transferred from water to air in wind-powered white-capped waves. Inhalation exposure to marine aerosol containing brevetoxins causes respiratory symptoms. We describe detailed characterization of aerosols during an epidemiologic study of occupational exposure to Florida red tide aerosol in terms of its concentration, toxin profile, and particle size distribution. This information is essential in understanding its source, assessing exposure to people, and estimating dose of inhaled aerosols. Environmental sampling confirmed the presence of brevetoxins in water and air during a red tide exposure period (September 2001) and lack of significant toxin levels in the water and air during an unexposed period (May 2002). Water samples collected during a red tide bloom in 2001 showed mode rate-to-high concentrations of K brevis cells and PbTxs. The daily mean PbTx concentration in water samples ranged from 8 to 28 μ g/L from 7 to 11 September 2001; the daily mean PbTx concentration in air samples ranged from 1.3 to 27 ng/m(3). The daily aerosol concentration on the beach can be related to PbTx concentration in water, wind speed, and wind direction. Personal samples confirmed human exposure to red tide aerosols. The particle size distribution showed a mean aerodynamic diameter in the size range of 6-12 μ m, with deposits mainly in the upper airways. The deposition pattern correlated with the observed increase of upper airway symptoms in healthy lifeguards during the exposure periods. C1 Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Cheng, YS (reprint author), Lovelace Resp Res Inst, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES010594, P01 ES010594-05, P01 ES 10594] NR 18 TC 55 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 113 IS 5 BP 638 EP 643 DI 10.1289/ehp.7496 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 924ET UT WOS:000228962400048 PM 15866777 ER PT J AU Backer, LC Kirkpatrick, B Fleming, LE Cheng, YS Pierce, R Bean, JA Clark, R Johnson, D Wanner, A Tamer, R Zhou, Y Baden, DG AF Backer, LC Kirkpatrick, B Fleming, LE Cheng, YS Pierce, R Bean, JA Clark, R Johnson, D Wanner, A Tamer, R Zhou, Y Baden, DG TI Occupational exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins during Florida red tide events: Effects on a healthy worker population SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE aerosol; brevetoxins; Karenia brevis; lifeguards; pulmonary function; red tide; spirometry. AB Karenia brevis (formerly Gymnodinium breve) is a marine dinoflagellate responsible for red tides that form in the Gulf of Mexico. K brevis produces brevetoxins, the potent toxins that cause neurotoxic shellfish poisoning. There is also limited information describing human health effects from environmental exposures to brevetoxins. Our objective was to examine the impact of inhaling aerosolized brevetoxins during red tide events on self-reported symptoms and pulmonary function. We recruited a group of 28 healthy lifeguards who are occupationally exposed to red tide toxins during their daily work-related activities. They performed spirometry tests and reported symptoms before and after their 8-hr shifts during a time when there was no red tide (unexposed period) and again when there was a red tide (exposed period). We also examined how mild exercise affected the reported symptoms and spirometry tests during unexposed and exposed periods with a subgroup of the same lifeguards. Environmental sampling (K brevis cell concentrations in seawater and brevetoxin concentrations in seawater and air) was used to confirm unexposed/exposed status. Compared with unexposed periods, the group of lifeguards reported more upper respiratory symptoms during the exposed periods. We did not observe any impact of exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins, with or without mild exercise, on pulmonary function. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Inhalat Toxicol Lab, Albuquerque, NM USA. Childrens Hosp, Ctr Med, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Univ N Carolina, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. RP Backer, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-46, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES010594, P01 ES010594-05, P01 ES 10594] NR 17 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 113 IS 5 BP 644 EP 649 DI 10.1289/ehp.7502 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 924ET UT WOS:000228962400049 PM 15866778 ER PT J AU Fleming, LE Kirkpatrick, B Backer, LC Bean, JA Wanner, A Dalpra, D Tamer, R Zaias, J Cheng, YS Pierce, R Naar, J Abraham, W Clark, R Zhou, Y Henry, MS Johnson, D Van De Bogart, G Bossart, GD Harrington, M Baden, DG AF Fleming, LE Kirkpatrick, B Backer, LC Bean, JA Wanner, A Dalpra, D Tamer, R Zaias, J Cheng, YS Pierce, R Naar, J Abraham, W Clark, R Zhou, Y Henry, MS Johnson, D Van De Bogart, G Bossart, GD Harrington, M Baden, DG TI Initial evaluation of the effects of aerosolized Florida red tide toxins (Brevetoxins) in persons with asthma SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE asthma; brevetoxins; COPD; harmful algal blooms (HABs); Karenia brevis; red tides; sensitive populations; spirometry ID LUNG-FUNCTION; SHELLFISH; HEALTH; BREVIS; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; FEATURES; TESTS AB Florida red tides annually occur in the Gulf of Mexico, resulting from blooms of the marine dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. K brevis produces highly potent natural polyether toxins, known as brevetoxins, that activate voltage-sensitive sodium channels. In experimental animals, brevetoxins cause significant bronchoconstriction. A study of persons who visited the beach recreationally found a significant increase in self-reported respiratory symptoms after exposure to aerosolized Florida red tides. Anecdotal reports indicate that persons with underlying respiratory diseases may be particularly susceptible to adverse health effects from these aerosolized toxins. Fifty-nine persons with physician-diagnosed asthma were evaluated for 1 hr before and after going to the beach on days with and without Florida red tide. Study participants were evaluated with a brief symptom questionnaire, nose and throat swabs, and spirometry approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Environmental monitoring, water and air sampling (i.e., K. brevis, brevetoxins, and particulate size distribution), and personal monitoring (for toxins) were performed. Brevetoxin concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, high-performance liquid chromatography, and a newly developed brevetoxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Participants were significantly more likely to report respiratory symptoms after Florida red tide exposure. Participants demonstrated small but statistically significant decreases in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75%, and peak expiratory flow after exposure, particularly those regularly using asthma medications. Similar evaluation during nonexposure periods did not significantly differ. This is the first study to show objectively measurable adverse health effects from exposure to aerosolized Florida red tide toxins in persons with asthma. Future studies will examine the possible chronic effects of these toxins among persons with asthma and other chronic respiratory impairment. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Miami Univ, Rosentiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Ctr Med, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ N Carolina, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Twin Cities Hosp, Niceville, FL USA. RP Fleming, LE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 1801 NW 9th Ave,Highland Profess Bldg,Suite 200,R, Miami, FL 33136 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES 10594, P01 ES010594, P01 ES010594-05] NR 47 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 10 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 113 IS 5 BP 650 EP 657 DI 10.1289/ehp.7500 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 924ET UT WOS:000228962400050 PM 15866779 ER PT J AU de Groot, DMG Bos-Kuijpers, MHM Kaufmann, WSH Lammers, JHCM O'Callaghan, JP Pakkenberg, B Pelgrim, MTM Waalkens-Berendsen, IDH Waanders, MM Gundersen, HJJ AF de Groot, DMG Bos-Kuijpers, MHM Kaufmann, WSH Lammers, JHCM O'Callaghan, JP Pakkenberg, B Pelgrim, MTM Waalkens-Berendsen, IDH Waanders, MM Gundersen, HJJ TI Regulatory developmental neurotoxicity testing: a model study focussing on conventional neuropathology endpoints and other perspectives SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Meeting of the International-Neurotoxicology-Association CY JUN 22-27, 2003 CL Berufsgenossenschaftliches Inst Arbeit & Gesundheit, Dersden, GERMANY SP Int Neurotoxicol Assoc HO Berufsgenossenschaftliches Inst Arbeit & Gesundheit DE rat; methylazoxy methanol acetate (MAM); regulatory developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing; (guidelines OPPTS 870.6300; EPA; OPPTS 870.8600; EPA; OECD 426); neuropathology endpoints; microscopy and linear morphometry; neuron numbers and stereology ID BRAIN; RAT AB Our aim was to investigate a model of the morphologic approach proposed in guidelines for developmental neurotoxicity testing (DNT). Hereto, a limited DNT study [EPA Health Effects Test Guidelines OPPTS 870.6300, 1996a. Developmental Neurotoxicity Study "Public Draft", United States Environmental Protection Agency; Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (7 101); EPA 712-C-96-239, June 1996. http://www.epa.gov/opptsfrs/OPPTS_Harmonized/870_Health_Effects_Test_Guidelines/Drafts/870-6300.pdf] was carried out with different doses of methylazoxy methanol acetate (MAM), known to affect brain morphology and neuron numbers in the developing brain. After gross examination, the brains of F1-animals were further dissected along neuro-anatomical landmarks to ensure homology between tissues of different individuals. The (relative) weight of the brain (parts) was determined. One brain half (alternating left/right to avoid lateralization) was further used for microscopic slide reading and measurement of brain layer width (linear morphometry); the other was set aside for stereologic investigation in a later phase of the study. In the offspring, a clear reduction in brain size (gross macroscopy) and weight (MAM high- and top-dose groups) was observed on postnatal days (PN) 22 and 62, but this reduction was hard to pinpoint in the microscope as the changes primarily appeared quantitative in nature, rather than qualitative. Linear measurements of brain layer width appeared very sensitive and efficient. This first step of a project is presented and the perspectives of a further stereologic investigation are discussed. © 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 TNO Qual Life, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. Res Lab Stereol & Neurosci, Copenhagen, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Stereol Res Lab, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark. RP de Groot, DMG (reprint author), TNO Qual Life, Utrechtseweg 48,POB 360, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. EM deGroot@chemie.tno.nl RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1382-6689 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 SI SI BP 745 EP 755 DI 10.1016/j.etap.2004.12.039 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 924NZ UT WOS:000228986800051 PM 21783551 ER PT J AU Davis, RL Kolczak, M Lewis, E Nordin, J Goodman, M Shay, DK Platt, R Black, S Shinefield, H Chen, RT AF Davis, RL Kolczak, M Lewis, E Nordin, J Goodman, M Shay, DK Platt, R Black, S Shinefield, H Chen, RT TI Active surveillance of vaccine safety - A system to detect early signs of adverse events SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROTAVIRUS VACCINE; CARDIAC-SURGERY; INTUSSUSCEPTION AB Background: There currently are no population-based systems in the United States to rapidly detect adverse events after newly introduced vaccines. To evaluate the feasibility of developing such systems, we used 5 years of data from 4 health maintenance organizations within the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Vaccine Safety Datalink. Methods: Within every year, each week's vaccinated children were followed for 4 weeks, and rates of adverse events were compared with rates among children of similar ages before the introduction of the new vaccine. We assessed risks for intussusception after rotavirus vaccination and risks for fever, seizures, and other neurologic adverse events after the change from whole cell diphtheria-tetanuspertussis (DTPw) to acellular DTP vaccine (DTPa). We used sequential probability ratio testing, adjusted for age, sex, calendar time, season, and HMO, and with a stopping value based on the probability of an adverse event under the null hypothesis and under a preset alternative hypothesis. Results: We detected an increase in intussusception after 2589 vaccine doses of rotavirus vaccine, about the same time initial reports of intussusception were made to the Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System. Decreases in risk for fever, seizures, and other abnormal neurologic events became detectable within 12 weeks, 42 weeks, and 18 months, respectively, after the change from DTPw to DTPa. Conclusions: We conclude that it is feasible to develop systems for rapid and routine population-based assessments of new vaccine safety. C1 CDC, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Hlth Partners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Harvard Pilgrim, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Vanguard, Boston, MA USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), CDC, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rad2@cdc.gov OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 15 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 336 EP 341 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000155506.05636.a4 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 918SR UT WOS:000228568400011 PM 15824549 ER PT J AU Weinmann, S Richert-Boe, KE Van Den Eeden, SK Enger, SM Rybicki, BA Shapiro, JA Weiss, NS AF Weinmann, S Richert-Boe, KE Van Den Eeden, SK Enger, SM Rybicki, BA Shapiro, JA Weiss, NS TI Screening by prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination in relation to prostate cancer mortality - A case-control study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRIAL; MEN; PREDICTOR; EFFICACY; LUNG AB Background: The potential role of prostate cancer screening in reducing mortality is uncertain. To examine whether screening with the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test or digital rectal examination is associated with reduced prostate cancer mortality, we conducted a population-based case-control study in 4 health maintenance organizations. Methods: Cases were 769 health plan members who died because of prostate adenocarcinoma during the years 1997-2001. We randomly selected 929 controls from the health plan membership and matched them to cases on health plan, age, race, and membership history. Medical records were used to document all screening tests in the 10 years before and including the date on which prostate cancer was first suspected. Results: Among white participants, 62% of cases and 69% of controls had a least 1 screening PSA test or digital rectal examination (odds ratio = 0.73; 95% confidence interval = 0.55-0.97). The corresponding proportions for blacks were 59% and 61% (1.0; 0.59-1.4). Most screening tests were digital rectal examinations; therefore, in the subgroup with no history of PSA screening, the association between digital rectal screening and prostate cancer mortality was similar to the overall association (0.65 [0.48-0.88] among whites; 0.86 [0.53-1.4] among blacks). Very few men received screening PSA without screening digital rectal examination (6% of cases and 7% of controls among whites). Conclusions: Digital rectal screening was associated with a reduced risk of death due to prostate cancer in our population. Because of several data limitations, this study could not accurately estimate the effect of PSA screening separate from digital rectal examination. C1 Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Dept Res, Oakland, CA USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Josephine Ford Canc Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Weinmann, S (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 USA. EM Sheila.Weinmann@kp.org NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 367 EP 376 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000158395.05136.02 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 918SR UT WOS:000228568400016 PM 15824554 ER PT J AU Visvesvara, GS Moura, H Leitch, GJ Schwartz, DA Xiao, LX AF Visvesvara, GS Moura, H Leitch, GJ Schwartz, DA Xiao, LX TI Public health importance of Brachiola algerae (Microsporidia) - an emerging pathogen of humans SO FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st United Workshop on Microsporidia from Invertebrate and Vertebrate Hosts CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL Ceske Budejovice, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO DE microsporidia; Brachiola algerae; cell culture; genotype; immunoblot; PCR products; sequencing ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; NOSEMA-ALGERAE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; ENCEPHALITOZOON-HELLEM; ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; MOSQUITO PARASITE; N-SP; SPORES AB Brachiola algerae (Vavra et Undeen, 1970), a parasite of Anopheles mosquitoes, has also been isolated from a human cornea, a cutaneous nodule and deep muscle tissue. All three human isolates of B. algerae are morphologically, serologically, and genetically similar to the mosquito-derived isolates including the original isolate of Vavra and Undeen. All of these isolates grew well in mammalian cell cultures at 37 degrees C and produced spores. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that all developmental stages including meronts, sporoblasts and spores were diplokaryotic and developed in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm, a feature characteristic of the genus Brachiola. Spores of all isolates reacted well, in the immunofluorescence assay, with the rabbit anti-B. algerae serum. In the immunoblot assay, although the overall banding patterns of the human and mosquito isolates were similar, minor differences could be discerned. Sequencing of the PCR products of the amplified SSU rRNA gene revealed the existence of two distinct genotypes; the original mosquito (Undeen) isolate belonged to genotype I and the isolate from cornea and that from the deep muscle biopsy to genotype 2, whereas the isolates from a mosquito and one of the other two human isolates (one from skin abscess) had both genotypes, 1 and 2. It is known that spores of mosquito-derived B. algerae can not only proliferate in mammalian cell cultures at 37 degrees C but also can infect mice when injected into footpads or deposited on the corneal surface. These observations indicate that the spores have potential to be a risk factor for humans, especially those with immunodeficiency. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. AREF, Atlanta, GA USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Visvesvara, GS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM gsv1@cdc.gov RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034] NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31,, CESKE BUDEJOVICE 370 05, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0015-5683 J9 FOLIA PARASIT JI Folia Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 94 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 934KP UT WOS:000229708000010 PM 16004367 ER PT J AU Leitch, GJ Shaw, AP Colden-Stanfield, M Scanlon, M Visvesvara, GS AF Leitch, GJ Shaw, AP Colden-Stanfield, M Scanlon, M Visvesvara, GS TI Multinucleate host cells induced by Vittaforma corneae (Microsporidia) SO FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st United Workshop on Microsporidia from Invertebrate and Vertebrate Hosts CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL Ceske Budejovice, CZECH REPUBLIC SP NATO DE Vittaforma corneae; microsporidia; microtubule organizing centre; host-parasite interaction; multinucleate giant cell ID ENCEPHALITOZOON MICROSPORIDIA; PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; NOSEMA-CORNEUM; ATHYMIC MICE; INFECTION; FILAMENTS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; MITOCHONDRIA; MEMBRANES AB The microsporidium Viltaforma corneae (Shadduck, Meccoli, Davis et Font, 1990) develops within the target cell cytoplasm. In the present study, green monkey kidney (E6) cells infected at 30 degrees C, 35 degrees C or 37 degrees C with V corneae developed enlarged multinucleate structures of up to 200 mu m in any horizontal dimension made up either of a single cell or of multiple fused cells. A number of epithelial cell types (SW-480, HT-29, Caco-2 and HCT-8) were infected with V. corneae but did not induce the same highly organized structures, suggesting that for the structure to develop, the host cell must be capable of continued mitosis, and not be differentiated or be detaching from the surface matrix. Live cell imaging of infected E6 cells revealed large, multinucleate infected cells characterized by a central focus from which radiated parasite stages and host cell mitochondria. Immunocytochemistry identifying gamma and a tubulin suggested that a single centrally-located microtubule organizing centre governed the distribution of parasite stages and host cell organelles, with mitochondria and parasites being eventually transported towards the periphery of the structure. Whole cell patch clamp analysis of infected cells indicated an average five-fold increase in total membrane capacitance, consistent with an enlarged single cell. Scanning electron microscopy revealed cell-like protrusions around the periphery of the structure with the intervening space being made up of parasites and cell debris. Clearly in the case of V. corneae-infected E6 cells the parasite-host cell relationship involves subverting the host cell cytoskeleton and cell volume control, providing the parasite with the same protected niche as does a xenoma. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Leitch, GJ (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Physiol, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. EM gleitch@msm.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R21 DK064573-01A1] NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31,, CESKE BUDEJOVICE 370 05, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0015-5683 J9 FOLIA PARASIT JI Folia Parasitol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 110 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 934KP UT WOS:000229708000012 PM 16004369 ER PT J AU Lott, TJ Fundyga, RE Kuykendall, RJ Arnold, J AF Lott, TJ Fundyga, RE Kuykendall, RJ Arnold, J TI The human commensal yeast, Candida albicans, has an ancient origin SO FUNGAL GENETICS AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Candida albicans; polymorphisms; genetics; evolution ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; PROBE CA3; DNA; POPULATION; SEQUENCE; REVEAL; FUNGI; ELECTROPHORESIS AB Candida albicans, the primary causative agent of candidiasis, is a ubiquitous member of the human flora and is capable of causing severe invasive disease. Despite its importance as a human pathogen, little is known concerning those factors creating and maintaining genetic diversity within the species and how extant strains reflect their evolutionary history. Based on nucleotide polymorphism frequencies, we estimated the time to a most recent common ancestor for the species to be about 3-16 million years, with variation due to molecular clock calibration. As C. albicans genotypes have broad geographic associations, this suggests that the origins of DNA sequence variation in extant populations coincided with early hominid evolution. This is consistent with an emerging view of a genetically complex organism that is able to survive under host immunity as an obligate commensal species. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Genet, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lott, TJ (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM TJL1@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1087-1845 J9 FUNGAL GENET BIOL JI Fungal Genet. Biol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 42 IS 5 BP 444 EP 451 DI 10.1016/j.fgb.2005.01.012 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mycology GA 917LS UT WOS:000228464000007 PM 15809008 ER EF