FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Orenstein, WA Douglas, RG Rodewald, LE Hinman, AR AF Orenstein, WA Douglas, RG Rodewald, LE Hinman, AR TI Immunizations in the United States: Success, structure, and stress SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article ID VACCINE; DECLINE; IMPACT AB Immunization is a great success of preventive medicine. In the United States, most vaccine-preventable diseases of childhood are at or near record lows while the number of diseases preventable by vaccination has increased. These successes result from a comprehensive system that includes basic research; developing and testing vaccine candidates; a manufacturing base; a regulatory authority; development of immunization policies; implementation of immunization recommendations; and a compensation system for the few people unavoidably injured by vaccines. Despite the successes, the system faces numerous challenges, including vaccine supply, cost, and safety; adult immunization; vaccine research and development; and biopreparedness. C1 Emory Univ, Program Vaccine Policy & Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Informat Inst, Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA USA. RP Orenstein, WA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Program Vaccine Policy & Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. EM worenst@emory.edu OI Rodewald, Lance/0000-0003-2593-542X FU NCRR NIH HHS [1 P20 RR020735-01] NR 37 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 599 EP 610 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.24.3.599 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 924YK UT WOS:000229017000004 PM 15886150 ER PT J AU Coleman, MS Sangrujee, N Zhou, FJ Chu, S AF Coleman, MS Sangrujee, N Zhou, FJ Chu, S TI Factors affecting US manufacturers' decisions to produce vaccines SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB Recent supply interruptions of childhood vaccines have had negative impacts on U.S. public health policies and vaccine delivery. To understand how manufacturers perceive production incentives and disincentives, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) met with the four pharmaceutical firms that sold vaccines through CDC-negotiated contracts during 2002 and 2003. These meetings shed light on the regulatory burden, high costs of the delay between initial investment and sales, and higher costs of new technologies versus older vaccines. All four manufacturers are investing more in research and development because new technologies have advanced their ability to create vaccines not thought possible before. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Futures Grp Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Coleman, MS (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM zby5@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 635 EP 642 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.24.3.635 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 924YK UT WOS:000229017000008 PM 15886154 ER PT J AU Elbasha, EH AF Elbasha, EH TI Risk aversion and uncertainty in cost-effectiveness analysis: the expected-utility, moment-generating function approach SO HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE cost-effectiveness analysis; cost-benefit analysis; risk aversion; resource allocation; decision rules; moment-generating function ID HEALTH-CARE RESOURCES; DECISION RULES; ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS; STOCHASTIC-DOMINANCE; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; EFFECTIVENESS RATIOS; ALTERNATIVE APPROACH; BENEFIT; DISTRIBUTIONS; ALLOCATION AB The availability of patient-level data from clinical trials has spurred a lot of interest in developing methods for quantifying and presenting uncertainty in cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA). Although the majority has focused on developing methods for using sample data to estimate a confidence interval for an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER), a small strand of the literature has emphasized the importance of incorporating risk preferences and the trade-off between the mean and the variance of returns to investment in health and medicine (mean-variance analysis). This paper shows how the exponential utility-moment-generating function approach is a natural extension to this branch of the literature for modelling choices from healthcare interventions with uncertain costs and effects. The paper assumes an exponential utility function, which implies constant absolute risk aversion, and is based on the fact that the expected value of this function results in a convenient expression that depends only on the moment-generating function of the random variables. The mean-variance approach is shown to be a special case of this more general framework. The paper characterizes the solution to the resource allocation problem using standard optimization techniques and derives the summary measure researchers need to estimate for each programme, when the assumption of risk neutrality does not hold, and compares it to the standard incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. The importance of choosing the correct distribution of costs and effects and the issues related to estimation of the parameters of the distribution are also discussed. An empirical example to illustrate the methods and concepts is provided. Copyright (c) 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Elbasha, EH (reprint author), Merck Res Labs, Hlth Econ Stat, BL 2-3,10 Sentry Pkwy, Blue Bell, PA 19422 USA. EM elamin_elbasha@merck.com NR 55 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1057-9230 J9 HEALTH ECON JI Health Econ. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 457 EP 470 DI 10.1002/hec.915 PG 14 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 928GF UT WOS:000229258600003 PM 15386661 ER PT J AU Wu, TH Hutt, JA Garrison, KA Berliba, LS Zhou, Y Lyons, CR AF Wu, TH Hutt, JA Garrison, KA Berliba, LS Zhou, Y Lyons, CR TI Intranasal vaccination induces protective immunity against intranasal infection with virulent Francisella tularensis biovar A SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID LIVE TULAREMIA VACCINE; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA INFECTION; HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIP; CELL-MEDIATED-IMMUNITY; MURINE MODEL; T-CELLS; LEISHMANIA-MAJOR; MICE; VIRUS; IMMUNIZATION AB The inhalation of Francisella tularensis biovar A causes pneumonic tularemia associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in humans. Exposure to F. tularensis usually occurs by accident, but there is increasing awareness that F. tularensis may be deliberately released in an act of bioterrorism or war. The development of a vaccine against pneumonic tularemia has been limited by a lack of information regarding the mechanisms required to protect against this disease. Vaccine models for F. tularensis in inbred mice would facilitate investigations of the protective mechanisms and significantly enhance vaccine development. Intranasal vaccination with the attenuated live vaccine strain (LVS) of F. tularensis reproducibly protected BALB/c mice, but not C57BL/6 mice, against intranasal and subcutaneous challenges with a virulent clinical isolate of F. tularensis biovar A (NMFTA1). The resistance of LVS-vaccinated BALB/c mice to intranasal NMFTA1 challenge was increased 100-fold by boosting with live NMFTA1 but not with LVS. The protective response was specific for F. tularensis and required both CD4 and CD8 T cells. The vaccinated mice appeared outwardly healthy for more than 2 months after NMFTA1 challenge, even though NMFTA1 was recovered from more than half of the vaccinated mice. These results show that intranasal vaccination induces immunity that protects BALB/c mice from intranasal infection by F. tularensis biovar A. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Internal Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Immunol Inflammat & Infect Dis Ctr, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Albuquerque, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lyons, CR (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Internal Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Immunol Inflammat & Infect Dis Ctr, 1 Univ New Mexico,MSC10 5550, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM clyons@salud.unm.edu RI Winstein, Carolee/A-8375-2008 FU NIAID NIH HHS [2 T32 AI007538-06, T32 AI007538] NR 37 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 73 IS 5 BP 2644 EP 2654 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.5.2644-2654.2005 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 919EE UT WOS:000228600300008 PM 15845466 ER PT J AU Blanco, DR Champion, CI Dooley, A Cox, DL Whitelegge, JP Faull, K Lovett, MA AF Blanco, DR Champion, CI Dooley, A Cox, DL Whitelegge, JP Faull, K Lovett, MA TI A monoclonal antibody that conveys in vitro killing and partial protection in experimental syphilis binds a phosphorylcholine surface epitope of Treponema pallidum SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; IMMUNE SERUM; PASSIVE-IMMUNIZATION; SUBSP PALLIDUM; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; OPSONIC ANTIBODY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; RABBIT AB Immunization with purified Treponema pallidum outer membrane vesicles (OMV) has previously resulted in high-titer complement-dependent serum bactericidal activity. In this study, OMV immunization resulted in the isolation of a monoclonal antibody, M131, with complement-dependent killing activity. Passive immunization of rabbits with M131 administered intravenously conferred significant immunity demonstrated by the failure of syphilitic lesions to appear at 29% of intradermal challenge sites (7/24) and a mean delay of approximately 8 days to lesion appearance at the remaining sites (17/24). M131 not only bound to OMV and to the surfaces of intact motile T. pallidum cells but also bound to organisms whose outer membranes were removed, indicating both surface and subsurface locations for the killing target. This target was determined to be a T. pallidum lipid. Lipid extracted from T. pallidum and made into liposomes bound M131. Reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography separation and fraction collection mass spectrometry (LC-MS+) of T. pallidum lipid showed that the target of M131 was phosphorylcholine. M131 binding required both liposome formation and a critical concentration of phospholipid containing phosphorylcholine, suggesting that the epitope has both a conformational and a compositional requirement. M131 did not react with red blood cells, which have phosphorylcholine-containing lipids in their exterior membrane leaflets, or with Venereal Disease Research Laboratory antigen that also contains phosphorylcholine, further indicating the specificity of M131. This is the first physical demonstration of an antigen on the T. pallidum surface and indication that such a surface antigen can be a target of immunity. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med,Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Pasarow Mass Spect Lab, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blanco, DR (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med,Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM dblanco@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-12601, AI21352, R01 AI012601, R56 AI012601] NR 50 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 73 IS 5 BP 3083 EP 3095 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.5.3083-3095.2005 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 919EE UT WOS:000228600300058 PM 15845516 ER PT J AU Gilmore, RD Bellville, TM Sviat, SL Frace, M AF Gilmore, RD Bellville, TM Sviat, SL Frace, M TI The Bartonella vinsonii susp arupensis immunodiminant surface antigen BrpA gene, encoding a 382-kilodation protein composed of repetitive sequences, is a member of multigene family conserved among Bartonella species SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID IV SECRETION SYSTEM; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SP-NOV.; ANAPLASMA-MARGINALE; HUMAN ERYTHROCYTES; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; REPEAT DOMAIN; SP. NOV.; BACILLIFORMIS; INFECTION AB Bartonella proteins that elicit an antibody response during an infection are poorly defined; therefore, to characterize antigens recognized by the host, a Bartonella genomic expression library was screened with serum from an infected mouse. This process led to the discovery of a Bartonella vinsonii subsp. arupensis gene encoding a 382-kDa protein, part of a gene family encoding large proteins, each containing multiple regions of repetitive segments. The genes were termed brpA to -C (bartonella repeat protein) and bore significant similarity to genes encoding the BadA adhesin protein and members of the variably expressed outer membrane protein family of proteins from Bartonella henselae and Bartonella quintana, respectively. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Genome Sequencing Lab Biotechnol Core Facil, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM rbg9@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 73 IS 5 BP 3128 EP 3136 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.5.3128-3136.2005 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 919EE UT WOS:000228600300063 PM 15845521 ER PT J AU Xiao, N Qiu, JM Nakao, M Li, TY Yang, W Chen, XW Schantz, PM Craig, PS Ito, A AF Xiao, N Qiu, JM Nakao, M Li, TY Yang, W Chen, XW Schantz, PM Craig, PS Ito, A TI Echinococcus shiquicus n. sp., a taeniid cestode from Tibetan fox and plateau pika in China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Qinghai-Tibet plateau; Tibetan fox; plateau pika; Echinococcus shiquicus n. sp. ID MOLECULAR-GENETIC CHARACTERIZATION; GENUS ECHINOCOCCUS; CERVID STRAIN; MULTILOCULARIS; GRANULOSUS; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES; HOST; DOG AB The taeniid cestode Echinococcus shiquicus n. sp. was found from the Tibetan fox Vulpes ferrilata and the plateau pika Ochotona curzoniae in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region of China. In the adult stage, E. shiquicus from the foxes is morphologically similar to Echinococcus multilocularis. However, the new species is differentiated by its smaller rostellar hooks, fewer segments, distinct position of genital pore in the mature segment and fewer eggs in the gravid segment. Hydatid cysts of E. shiquicus found in the livers from the pikas were essentially unilocular but an oligovesicular cyst was also found. The data of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences proved E. shiquicus to be a valid taxon. (C) 2005 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. Sichuan Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Parasit Dis, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Salford, Biosci Res Inst, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. Univ Salford, Sch Environm & Life Sci, Cestode Zoonoses Res Grp, Salford M5 4WT, Lancs, England. RP Ito, A (reprint author), Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 0788510, Japan. EM akiraito@asahikawa-med.ac.jp RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 NR 34 TC 97 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 693 EP 701 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.01.003 PG 9 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 929QY UT WOS:000229362100011 PM 15862582 ER PT J AU Goldberg, SV AF Goldberg, SV TI Pooling tides: the convergence of migration, congregation, and tuberculosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material DE tuberculosis; congregate settings; migrants; outbreak ID NEW-YORK-CITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Clin & Hlth Syst Res Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goldberg, SV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Clin & Hlth Syst Res Branch, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. EM ssg3@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 9 IS 5 BP 475 EP 475 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 921PR UT WOS:000228777300002 PM 15875915 ER PT J AU LoBue, PA Moser, KS AF LoBue, PA Moser, KS TI Isoniazid- and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis in San Diego County, California, United States, 1993-2002 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; isoniazid; rifampin; drug resistance ID DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; DRUG AB SETTING: A local tuberculosis (TB) control program. OBJECTIVES: To measure trends isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RMP) resistance and identify associated factors. DESIGN: Retrospective review. RESULTS: Of 2883 isolates obtained from TB patients reported between 1993 and 2002,287 (10%) were resistant to INH, 11 (< 1%) were resistant to RMP, and 40 (1 %) were resistant to both (multidrug resistance [MDR]). There were no linear trends over time. Eighty-one per cent of patients with INH resistance and 85% with MDR were born outside the United States. Sixty-three per cent of patients with drug resistance and prior TB treatment were treated outside the US. INH resistance was associated with race/ethnicity and prior treatment, RMP resistance with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and MDR with non-US birth and prior treatment. Patients with INH- and RMP-susceptible or INH-resistant TB had higher percentages of treatment completion and sputum culture conversion than patients with RMP-resistant or MDR-TB. CONCLUSIONS: INH and RMP resistance remained stable between 1993 and 2002. Because most patients with drug resistance were infected or initially treated outside the US, future reductions in drug resistance will depend not only on local and national efforts, but also on the success of global interventions. C1 CDC, DTBE, FSEB, Div TB Eliminat,Field Serv & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, TB Control Program, San Diego, CA USA. RP LoBue, PA (reprint author), CDC, DTBE, FSEB, Div TB Eliminat,Field Serv & Evaluat Branch, Mail Stop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pgl5@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 9 IS 5 BP 501 EP 506 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 921PR UT WOS:000228777300007 PM 15875920 ER PT J AU Bartholow, BN Buchbinder, S Celum, C Goli, V Koblin, B Para, M Marmor, M Novak, RM Mayer, K Creticos, C Orozco-Cronin, P Popovic, V Mastro, TD AF Bartholow, BN Buchbinder, S Celum, C Goli, V Koblin, B Para, M Marmor, M Novak, RM Mayer, K Creticos, C Orozco-Cronin, P Popovic, V Mastro, TD CA VISION VAX004 Study Team TI HIV sexual risk behavior over 36 months of follow-up in the world's first HIV vaccine efficacy trial SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV vaccine efficacy trials; HIV risk behavior; clinical trials; sexual risk behavior; MSM; women at risk ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; PARTICIPATE; INFECTION; METAANALYSIS; WILLINGNESS; POPULATIONS; GAY AB Increased risk behavior among participants in HIV vaccine efficacy trials has been a concern. This study evaluated HIV sexual risk behavior among 5095 HIV-negative men who have sex with men (MSM) and 308 women enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial of a bivalent rgp120 vaccine at 61 sites, primarily in North America. Sexual risk behavior data were collected at baseline and semiannually for 36 months. Overall, sexual risk behavior did not exceed baseline levels during the trial. Among MSM, younger age (+/- 30 years), perceived assignment to vaccine, and nonblack race were associated with an increased probability of unprotected anal sex. Among women, unprotected vaginal sex initially decreased but was statistically equivalent to baseline by 24 months, whereas unprotected vaginal sex with HIV-infected partners decreased from baseline, where it remained throughout the trial. HIV sexual risk behavior did not increase among trial participants; however, it was substantial throughout the trial. Consistently high levels of risk behavior and the association of these behaviors to perceived assignment and demographic variables underscore the need for vigilant HIV risk reduction counseling, informed consent, and educational processes in the context of HIV vaccine efficacy trials. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. Fenway Community Hlth Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Howard Brown Hlth Ctr, Chicago, IL USA. VaxGen Inc, Brisbane, Qld, Australia. RP Bartholow, BN (reprint author), CDC, HIV Vaccine Sect, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent,Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bnb1@cdc.gov OI Marmor, Michael/0000-0001-6605-2661 NR 32 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 90 EP 101 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000143600.41363.78 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 922BX UT WOS:000228812000013 PM 15851919 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI The epidemiology of obesity and asthma SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE asthma; obesity ID BODY-MASS INDEX; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; ADULT-ONSET ASTHMA; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; RISK-FACTOR; WEIGHT-LOSS; AIRWAY HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; US ADULTS; NUTRITION EXAMINATION AB The prevalences of asthma and obesity have increased substantially in recent decades in many countries, leading to speculation that obese persons might be at increased risk of asthma development. In adults cross-sectional, case-control, prospective, and weight-loss studies are in the aggregate consistent with a role for obesity in the pathogenesis of asthma. In children 3 of 4 prospective studies also show a significant association between excess weight and asthma incidence. Because of the methodologic shortcomings of many studies, these findings are inconclusive, however. Population surveys do suggest that persons with asthma are disproportionately obese compared with persons who have never had asthma. Weight-loss studies on the basis of behavioral change and bariatric studies have shown substantial improvements in the clinical status of many obese patients with asthma who lost weight. Clarifying the nature of the relationship between obesity and asthma incidence and the role of weight management among patients with asthma are both critical areas with important ramifications for the prevention and treatment of asthma. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 106 TC 332 Z9 348 U1 9 U2 34 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 115 IS 5 BP 897 EP 909 DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2004.11.050 PG 13 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 925LR UT WOS:000229055100001 PM 15867841 ER PT J AU Allred, NJ Turner, JC David, F DeLozier, DM Strikas, RA AF Allred, NJ Turner, JC David, F DeLozier, DM Strikas, RA TI Responses of US college and university student health services to the 2004 influenza vaccine shortage SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; college student health services; university; vaccine shortage AB The United States experienced a shortage of influenza vaccine for the 2004-2005 influenza season. The authors surveyed college health programs to determine whether they had targeted vaccine to priority groups and knew how to reallocate remaining vaccine. They used an electronic message to distribute a Web-based survey to the members of 3 college-affiliated organizations-the Association of American Colleges and Universities, American Association of Community Colleges, American College Health Association-and to subscribers of the Student Health Service Listserv. They received 434 completed surveys. Sixty percent (259) of the respondents stated they had received vaccine and planned to vaccinate their high-risk students, staff, and faculty members; 77% (198) planned to reallocate leftover vaccine. Given the potential for future disruptions of the influenza vaccine supply, the authors recommend that college health programs establish policies to identify members of their high-risk population and also consider providing the live attenuated influenza virus vaccine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div,Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Allred, NJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div,Off Director, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM NAllred@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 6 BP 291 EP 294 PG 4 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 924TP UT WOS:000229003600006 PM 15900993 ER PT J AU Eggerth, DE Bowles, SM Tunick, RH Andrew, ME AF Eggerth, DE Bowles, SM Tunick, RH Andrew, ME TI Convergent validity of O*NET Holland code classifications SO JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE Holland types; Holland codes; RIASEC; person-environment fit; congruence; Strong Interest Inventory; Occupational Information Network; O*NET; Dictionary of Holland Occupational Types ID INTEREST CONGRUENCE INDEXES; JOB-SATISFACTION; MODEL AB The interpretive ease and intuitive appeal of the Holland RIASEC typology have made it nearly ubiquitous in vocational guidance settings. Its incorporation into the Occupational Information Network ((ONET)-N-*) has moved it another step closer to reification. This research investigated the rates of agreement between Holland code classifications from three major sources. The Holland code classifications from the O*NET were compared with those from the Strong Interest Inventory and the Dictionary of Holland Occupational Types using six different methods. The mean pairwise rate of agreement for the first Holland code letter was 70.6%, with a three-way rate of agreement of 60.21%. The mean pairwise rate of agreement for the first and second Holland code letters was 32.33%, with a three-way rate of agreement of 15.71%. The mean pairwise rate of agreement for the first, second, and third Holland code letters was 12.56%, with a three-way rate of agreement of 2.62%. The implications of these findings for research and counseling practice are discussed. C1 CDC, NIOSH, Training Res & Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. W Virginia Univ, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Eggerth, DE (reprint author), CDC, NIOSH, Training Res & Evaluat Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,C-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM eggerth@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 16 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1069-0727 J9 J CAREER ASSESSMENT JI J. Career Assess. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 150 EP 168 DI 10.1177/1069072704273124 PG 19 WC Psychology, Applied SC Psychology GA 919PF UT WOS:000228629300002 ER PT J AU Hinrikson, HP Hurst, SF Lott, TJ Warnock, DW Morrison, CJ AF Hinrikson, HP Hurst, SF Lott, TJ Warnock, DW Morrison, CJ TI Assessment of ribosomal large-subunit D1-D2, internal transcribed spacer 1, and internal transcribed spacer 2 regions as targets for molecular identification of medically important Aspergillus species SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRAND CONFORMATIONAL POLYMORPHISM; DNA-SEQUENCING KIT; CYTOCHROME-B GENE; LINE PROBE ASSAY; FUNGAL PATHOGENS; SECTION FLAVI; AMPHOTERICIN-B; INVASIVE ASPERGILLOSIS; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; ASCOMYCETOUS YEASTS AB Molecular approaches are now being developed to provide a more rapid and objective identification of fungi compared to traditional phenotypic methods. Ribosomal targets, especially the large-subunit RNA gene (D1-D2 region) and internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2 regions), have shown particular promise for the molecular identification of some fungi. We therefore conducted an assessment of these regions for the identification of 13 medically important Aspergillus species: Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus (Eurotium) chevalieri, Aspergillus (Fennellia) flavipes, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus granulosus, Aspergillus (Emericella) nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus restrictus, Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus versicolor. The length of ribosomal regions could not be reliably used to differentiate among all Aspergillus species examined. DNA alignment and pairwise nucleotide comparisons demonstrated 91.9 to 99.6% interspecies sequence identities in the D1-D2 region, 57.4 to 98.1% in the ITS1 region, and 75.6 to 98.3% in the ITS2 region. Comparative analysis using GenBank reference data showed that 10 of the 13 species examined exhibited a &GE; 1-nucleotide divergence in the D1-D2 region from closely related but different species. In contrast, only 5 of the species examined exhibited a &GE; 1-nucleotide divergence from sibling species in their ITS1 or ITS2 sequences. Although the GenBank database currently lacks ITS sequence entries for some species, and major improvement in the quality and accuracy of GenBank entries is needed, current identification of medically important Aspergillus species using GenBank reference data seems more reliable using ITS query sequences than D1-D2 sequences, especially for the identification of closely related species. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Morrison, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE ,Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cjm3@cdc.gov NR 64 TC 97 Z9 105 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 2092 EP 2103 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.5.2092-2103.2005 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 925YR UT WOS:000229090100009 PM 15872227 ER PT J AU Graves, LM Hunter, SB Ong, AR Schoonmaker-Bopp, D Hise, K Kornstein, L DeWitt, WE Hayes, PS Dunne, E Mead, P Swaminathan, B AF Graves, LM Hunter, SB Ong, AR Schoonmaker-Bopp, D Hise, K Kornstein, L DeWitt, WE Hayes, PS Dunne, E Mead, P Swaminathan, B TI Microbiological aspects of the investigation that traced the 1998 outbreak of listeriosis in the United States to contaminated hot dogs and establishment of molecular subtyping-based surveillance for Listeria monocytogenes in the PulseNet network SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEXICAN-STYLE CHEESE; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS; EPIDEMIC LISTERIOSIS; SEROTYPE 4B; FOODS; ENRICHMENT; GASTROENTERITIS; GENE AB A multistate outbreak of listeriosis occurred in the United States in 1998 with illness onset dates between August and December. The outbreak caused illness in 108 persons residing in 24 states and caused 14 deaths and four miscarriages or stillbirths. This outbreak was detected by public health officials in Tennessee and New York who observed significant increases over expected listeriosis cases in their states. Subsequently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began laboratory characterization of clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes by serotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). For the purpose of this investigation, outbreak-related isolates were defined as those that had a specific AscI-PFGE pattern and indistinguishable or highly similar (no more than 2 band difference in 26 bands) ApaI-PFGE patterns when their DNA was restricted by AscI and ApaI restriction enzymes. Timely availability of molecular subtyping results enabled epidemiologists to separate outbreak cases from temporally associated sporadic cases in the same geographic areas and facilitated the identification of contaminated hot dogs manufactured at a single commercial facility as the source of the outbreak. During the investigation of this outbreak, a standardized protocol for subtyping L. monocytogenes by PFGE was developed and disseminated to public health laboratories participating with CDC's PulseNet network; these laboratories were requested to begin routine PFGE subtyping of L. monocytogenes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Publ Hlth Lab, Albany, NY 12208 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10016 USA. RP Graves, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop CO3, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lmg2@cdc.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011 NR 36 TC 80 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 2350 EP 2355 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.5.2350-2355.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 925YR UT WOS:000229090100047 PM 15872265 ER PT J AU Kershaw, TS Ethier, KA AF Kershaw, TS Ethier, KA TI The influence of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and human immunodeficiency virus perceived susceptibility patterns on sexual risk reduction for adolescent females SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIERARCHICAL CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; CONDOM USE; GAY MEN; BEHAVIOR; AIDS; WOMEN AB Risky sexual behavior can lead to pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Our study of 300 adolescent females takes an integrative approach by incorporating these multiple outcomes to assess the influence of risk perceptions on sexual behavior by (1) identifying subgroups of perceived susceptibility to pregnancy, STDs, and HIV using cluster analysis and (2) comparing subgroups on demographics, sexual history, sexual risk behavior over time, and subsequent STD acquisition. Results demonstrated five perceived susceptibility clusters (no susceptibility; high HIV; high pregnancy; high STD; and high multisusceptibility) that differed in three important ways: demographic and sexual history profiles, current sexual risk behavior, and subsequent STDs. Young women in the no susceptibility cluster had the lowest sexual risk and those in the high multisusceptibility cluster had the highest sexual risk and the highest number of subsequent STDs. There were no significant changes in sexual risk over time, regardless of cluster. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Kershaw, TS (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. EM trace.kershaw@yale.edu NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0090-4392 J9 J COMMUNITY PSYCHOL JI J. Community Psychol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 313 EP 331 DI 10.1002/jcop.20056 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA 921IX UT WOS:000228758900005 ER PT J AU Adekoya, N Nolte, KB AF Adekoya, N Nolte, KB TI Struck-by-lightning deaths in the United States SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID INJURIES AB The objective of the research reported here was to examine the epidemiologic characteristics of struck-by-lightning deaths. Using data from both the National Centers for Health Statistics (NCHS) multiple-cause-of-death tapes and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries (CFOI), which is maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the authors calculated numbers and annualized rates of lightning-related deaths for the United States. They used resident estimates from population microdata files maintained by the Census Bureau as the denominators. Work-related fatality rates were calculated with denominators derived from the Current Population Survey of employment data. Four illustrative investigative case reports of lightning-related deaths were contributed by the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator. It was found that a total of 374 struck-by-lightning deaths had occurred during 1995-2000 (an average annualized rate of 0.23 deaths per million persons). The majority of deaths (286 deaths, 75 percent) were from the South and the Midwest. The numbers of lightning deaths were highest in Florida (49 deaths) and Texas (32 deaths). A total of 129 work-related lightning deaths occurred during 1995-2002 (an average annual rate of 0.12 deaths per million workers). Agriculture and construction industries recorded the most fatalities at 44 and 39 deaths, respectively. Fatal occupational injuries resulting from being struck by lightning were highest in Florida (21 deaths) and Texas (11 deaths). In the two national surveillance systems examined, incidence rates were higher for males and people 20-44 years of age. In conclusion, three of every four struck-by-lightning deaths were from the South and the Midwest, and during 1995-2002, one of every four struck-by-lightning deaths was work-related. Although prevention programs could target the entire nation, interventions might he most effective if directed to regions with the majority of fatalities because they have the majority of lightning strikes per year. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Adekoya, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS-E91, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM nba7@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80246 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD MAY PY 2005 VL 67 IS 9 BP 45 EP 50 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 922DU UT WOS:000228817200004 PM 15957322 ER PT J AU Abell, JE Hootman, JM Zack, MM Moriarty, D Helmick, CG AF Abell, JE Hootman, JM Zack, MM Moriarty, D Helmick, CG TI Physical activity and health related quality of life among people with arthritis SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article ID OLDER-ADULTS; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EXERCISE; POPULATION; PAIN; SURVEILLANCE; DEPRESSION; MANAGEMENT; DISABILITY AB Study objective: To assess the association between physical activity and health related quality of life (HRQOL) among persons with arthritis or chronic joint symptoms (CJS). Design: Cross sectional survey investigating the relation between physical activity level and HRQOL. HRQOL was estimated using the number of physically or mentally unhealthy days during the past 30 days. Physical activity was categorised as recommended, insufficient, or inactive according to federal activity recommendations. Persons with arthritis were defined as those with either self reported CJS or doctor diagnosed arthritis. Setting: Community dwelling, US adults residing in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Participants: Respondents (n = 212 000) in the 2001 behavioral risk factor surveillance system (BRFSS), an annual population based, telephone survey. Main results: The 33% of BRFSS respondents with arthritis had a mean of 6.7 physically and 4.9 mentally unhealthy days during the past 30 days, compared with 1.8 and 2.7 among those without arthritis. Inactive men and women were 1.2-2.4 times more likely to report impaired HRQOL compared with those who met physical activity recommendations. Men and women who engage in insufficient physical activity also report variably reduced HRQOL. Conclusions: Among people with arthritis, recommended levels of physical activity were associated with fewer mean physically and mentally unhealthy days and a decreased probability of having severely impaired physical or mental HRQOL. C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jhootman@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 4 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD MAY PY 2005 VL 59 IS 5 BP 380 EP 385 DI 10.1136/jech.2004.028068 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 916LZ UT WOS:000228387800009 PM 15831686 ER PT J AU Meeker, JD Barr, DB Ryan, L Herrick, RF Bennett, DH Bravo, R Hauser, R AF Meeker, JD Barr, DB Ryan, L Herrick, RF Bennett, DH Bravo, R Hauser, R TI Temporal variability of urinary levels of nonpersistent insecticides in adult men SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biomonitoring; carbaryl; chlorpyrifos; exposure assessment; insecticides; measurement error ID RIO-GRANDE VALLEY; CHLORPYRIFOS EXPOSURE; PESTICIDE-RESIDUES; CHILDRENS EXPOSURE; SEASONAL-VARIATION; DIETARY EXPOSURE; UNITED-STATES; FOOD; PREGNANCY; AIR AB Widespread application of contemporary-use insecticides results in low-level exposure for a majority of the population through a variety of pathways. Urinary insecticide biomarkers account for all exposure pathways, but failure to account for temporal within-subject variability of urinary levels can lead to exposure misclassification. To examine temporal variability in urinary markers of contemporary-use insecticides, nine repeated urine samples were collected over 3 months from 10 men participating in an ongoing study of male reproductive health. These 90 samples were analyzed for urinary metabolites of chlorpyrifos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPY)) and carbaryl (1-naphthol (1N)). Volume- based (unadjusted), as well as creatinine (CRE)- and specific gravity (SG)-adjusted concentrations were measured. TCPY had low reliability with an intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.15 and 0.21, while 1N was moderately reliable with an intraclass correlation coefficient between 0.55 and 0.61. When the 10 men were divided into tertiles based on 3-month geometric mean TCPY and 1N levels, a single urine sample performed adequately in classifying a subject into the highest or lowest exposure tertiles. Sensitivity and specificity ranged from 0.44 to 0.84 for TCPY and from 0.56 to 0.89 for 1N. Some differences in the results between unadjusted metabolite concentrations and concentrations adjusted for CRE and SG were observed. Questionnaires were used to assess diet in the 24 h preceding the collection of each urine sample. In mixed-effects models, TCPY was significantly associated with season as well as with consuming grapes and cheese, while 1N levels were associated with consuming strawberries. In conclusion, although a single sample adequately predicted longer-term average exposure, a second sample collected at least 1 month following the first sample would reduce exposure measurement error. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Bldg 1,Room 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490; Meeker, John/0000-0001-8357-5085 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09718] NR 50 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500402 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 925HO UT WOS:000229044400009 PM 15340359 ER PT J AU Rangel, MC Shoenbach, VJ Weigle, KA Hogan, VK Strauss, RP Bangdiwala, SI AF Rangel, MC Shoenbach, VJ Weigle, KA Hogan, VK Strauss, RP Bangdiwala, SI TI Racial and ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination among elderly adults SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 130th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 09-13, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PA SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc DE influenza vaccine; adult immunization; access to care; elderly; ethnicity ID AFRICAN-AMERICANS; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; PNEUMONIA; ACCESS; COMMUNITY; ATTITUDES; EFFICACY; SERVICES; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVES: To examine whether access to care factors account for racial/ethnic disparities in influenza vaccination among elderly adults in the United States. DESIGN: Indicators of access to care (predisposing, enabling, environmental/system, and health need) derived from Andersen's behavioral model were identified in the National Health Interview Survey questionnaire. The relationship of these indicators to influenza vaccination and race/ethnicity was assessed with multiple logistic regression models. MAIN RESULTS: Significant differences in vaccination were observed between non-Hispanic (NH) whites (66%) and Hispanics (50%, P <.001) and between NH whites (66%) and NH blacks (46%, P <.001). Controlling for predisposing and enabling access to care indicators, education, marital status, regular source of care, and number of doctor visits, reduced the prevalence odds ratios (POR) comparing Hispanics to non-Hispanic whites from 1.89 to 1.27. For NH blacks, controlling for access to care indicators changed the POR only from 2.24 (95% CI, 1.9 to 2.7) to 1.93 (95% CI, 1.6 to 2.4). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the existence of sizable racial/ethnic differences in influenza vaccination among elderly adults. These disparities were only partially explained by differences in indicators of access to care, especially among non-Hispanic blacks for whom large disparities remained. Factors not available in the National Health Interview Survey, such as patient attitudes and provider performance, should be investigated as possible explanations for the racial/ethnic disparity in influenza vaccination among non-Hispanic blacks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Rangel, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mnr7@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 20 IS 5 BP 426 EP 431 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.0097.x PG 6 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 935LE UT WOS:000229783000010 PM 15963166 ER PT J AU Vinicor, F AF Vinicor, F TI Time for "drilling down" SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; LIFE-STYLE; HEALTH; CARE; COMPLICATIONS; INTERVENTION; DISPARITIES; QUALITY; DISEASE; VISION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vinicor, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 20 IS 5 BP 483 EP 484 DI 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.41013.x PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 935LE UT WOS:000229783000022 PM 15963178 ER PT J AU Hughes, GJ Orciari, LA Rupprecht, CE AF Hughes, GJ Orciari, LA Rupprecht, CE TI Evolutionary timescale of rabies virus adaptation to North American bats inferred from the substitution rate of the nucleoprotein gene SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; DNA; POPULATION; RECOMBINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POLYMORPHISM; CONSTRAINTS; SEQUENCES AB Throughout North America, rabies virus (RV) is endemic in bats. Distinct RV variants exist that are closely associated with infection of individual host species, such that there is little or no sustained spillover infection away from the primary host. Using Bayesian methodology, nucleotide substitution rates were estimated from alignments of partial nucleoprotein (N) gene sequences of nine distinct bat RV variants from North America. Substitution rates ranged from 2-32 x 10(-4) to 1-38 x 10(-3) substitutions per site per year. A maximum-likelihood (ML) molecular clock model was rejected for only two of the nine datasets. In addition, using sequences from bat RV variants across the Americas, the evolutionary rate for the complete N gene was estimated to be 2-32 x 10-4. This rate was used to scale trees using Bayesian and ML methods, and the time of the most recent common ancestor for current bat RV variant diversity in the Americas was estimated to be 1660 (range 1267-1782) and 1651 (range 1254-1773), respectively. Our reconstructions suggest that RV variants currently associated with infection of bats from Latin America (Desmodus and Tadarida) share the earliest common ancestor with the progenitor RV. In addition, from the ML tree, times were estimated for the emergence of the three major lineages responsible for bat rabies cases in North America. Adaptation to infection of the colonial bat species analysed (Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis spp.) appears to have occurred much quicker than for the solitary species analysed (Lasionycteris noctivagans, Pipistrellus subflavus, Lasiurus borealis, Lasiurus cinereus), suggesting that the process of virus adaptation may be dependent on host biology. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyr5@cdc.gov NR 43 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 86 BP 1467 EP 1474 DI 10.1099/vir.0.80710-0 PN 5 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 920VC UT WOS:000228717200026 PM 15831959 ER PT J AU Langlois, JA Sattin, RW AF Langlois, JA Sattin, RW TI Traumatic brain injury in the United States: Research and programs of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Preface SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Langlois, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 2 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 187 EP 188 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 926ZZ UT WOS:000229163500001 PM 15908818 ER PT J AU Binder, S Corrigan, JD Langlois, JA AF Binder, S Corrigan, JD Langlois, JA TI The public health approach to traumatic brain injury - An overview of CDC's research and programs SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE brain injury; craniocerebral trauma; public health AB Every year, 50,000 people die with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). At least 5.3 million Americans live with long-term disabilities related to TBI. Through its TBI-associated research and programs, CDC's National Center for Injury Prevention and Control (NCIPC) seeks to reduce the adverse consequences of TBIs by ensuring that data, data systems, and public awareness about TBI are in place. The public health model provides a useful framework for identifying important efforts needed to reduce the impact of this potentially disabling injury. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Phys Med & Rehabil, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Binder, S (reprint author), 3958 Preston Court, Atlanta, GA 30319 USA. EM scbinder@bellsouth.net RI Corrigan, John/E-2921-2011 NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 7 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 189 EP 195 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 926ZZ UT WOS:000229163500002 PM 15908819 ER PT J AU Langlois, JA Marr, A Mitchko, J Johnson, RL AF Langlois, JA Marr, A Mitchko, J Johnson, RL TI Tracking the silent epidemic and educating the public - CDC's traumatic brain injury-associated activities under the TBI act of 1996 and the children's health act of 2000 SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE brain injury; craniocerebral trauma; education; surveillance ID FOLLOW-UP; COLORADO; SERVICES; TRENDS; NEEDS AB The Traumatic Brain Injury Act of 1996 and the Children's Health Act of 2000 authorized the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct several activities associated with traumatic brain injury. This aricle describes how the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention responded to the legislation in 2 key areas: traumatic brain injury surveillance, and education and awareness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Langlois, JA (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS F-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JAL7@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 196 EP 204 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 926ZZ UT WOS:000229163500003 PM 15908820 ER PT J AU Rutland-Brown, W Wallace, LJD Faul, MD Langlois, JA AF Rutland-Brown, W Wallace, LJD Faul, MD Langlois, JA TI Traumatic brain injury hospitalizations among American Indians/Alaska natives SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE accidents; alcohol drinking; craniocerebral trauma; hospitalization; North American Indians; seat belts; traumatic brain injury; wounds and injury ID DRINKING DRIVERS; BELT USE; ALCOHOL; PATTERNS; CHILDREN; CRASHES; LAWS AB Objectives: To compare the incidence of nonfatal traumatic brain injury (TBI) hospitalization among American Indians/Alaska Natives (AI/AN) with that of other race groups and to assess alcohol and protective equipment (PE) use among those who sustained TBI related to a motor vehicle (MV) incident. Methods: Data were obtained from 13 states funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to conduct TBI surveillance from 1997 to 1999. Rates by race and by cause were calculated for the 13 states combined. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels and PE use were compared between AI/AN and "other" races in a subgroup of these states. Results: Although not significantly different, AI/AN had the highest overall age-adjusted TBI hospitalization rate (71.5 per 100,000). Rates were significantly higher among AI/AN than among whites for ages 20 to 44 years (78.5 per 100,000 vs 54.7 per 100,000, P < .0001). MV incidents were the leading cause of TBI (40.1% of cases) among AI/AN, and AI/AN injured in MV incidents had higher BAC levels (65.7% >= 0.08 g/dL vs 31.6% >= 0.08 g/dL, P < .0001) and lower PE use (22.0% vs 40.4%, P < .0001) than the "other" race group. Conclusion: AI/AN have high rates of TBI hospitalization compared with other races. High BAC levels and low use of PE in MV incidents appear to be associated with the higher rates in this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rutland-Brown, W (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS F-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wfr7@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 205 EP 214 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 926ZZ UT WOS:000229163500004 PM 15908821 ER PT J AU Coronado, VG Thomas, KE Sattin, RW Johnson, RL AF Coronado, VG Thomas, KE Sattin, RW Johnson, RL TI The CDC traumatic brain injury surveillance system - Characteristics of persons aged 65 years and older hospitalized with a TBI SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE elderly; epidemiology; falls; motor vehicle incidents; prevention; traffic incidents; traumatic brain injury ID ADMINISTRATIVE DATA; PREVENTING FALLS; ELDERLY PERSONS; PRACTICAL SCALE; HEAD-INJURIES; NURSING-HOME; RISK-FACTORS; POPULATION; MORTALITY; COMMUNITY AB Objective: To examine the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of older persons (ie, those aged 65-74, 75-84, and >= 85 years) hospitalized with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods: Data from the 1999 CDC 15-state TBI surveillance system were analyzed. Results: In 1999, there were 17,657 persons 65 years and older hospitalized with TBI in the 15 states for an age-adjusted rate of 155.9 per 100,000 population. Rates among persons aged 65 years or older increased with age and were higher for males. Most TBIs resulted from fall- or motor vehicle (MV)-traffic-related incidents. Most older persons with TBI had an initial TBI severity of mild (73.4%); however, the proportions of both moderate and severe disability for those discharged alive and of in-hospital mortality were relatively high (23.5%, 9.7%, and 12%, respectively). Persons who fell were also more likely to have had 3 or more comorbid conditions than were those who sustained a TBI from an MV-traffic incident. Conclusions: TBI is a substantial public health problem among older persons. As the population of older persons continues to increase in the United States, the need to design and implement proven and cost-effective prevention measures that focus on the leading causes of TBI (unintentional falls and MV-traffic incidents) becomes more urgent. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coronado, VG (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM VGC1@cdc.gov NR 74 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 215 EP 228 PG 14 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 926ZZ UT WOS:000229163500005 PM 15908822 ER PT J AU Langlois, JA Rutland-Brown, W Thomas, KE AF Langlois, JA Rutland-Brown, W Thomas, KE TI The incidence of traumatic brain injury among children in the United States - Differences by race SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE brain injury; craniocerebral trauma; surveillance; incidence; child; race ID INSURANCE STATUS; HEAD-INJURIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ADOLESCENTS; ADMISSION; SEVERITY; INFANTS; TRENDS AB Objective: This report summarizes the epidemiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) deaths, hospitalizations, and emergency department (ED) visits by race among children aged 0-14 years in the United States. Few other studies have reported the incidence of TBI in this population by race. Methods: Data from 3 nationally representative sources maintained by the National Center for Health Statistics were used to report the annual numbers and rates of TBI-related deaths, hospitalizations, and ED visits during 1995-2001 by race, age, and external cause of injury. Results: An estimated 475,000 TBIs occurred among children aged 0-14 each year. Rates were highest among children aged 0-4. For children aged 0-9 years, both death and hospitalization rates were significantly higher for blacks than whites for motor vehicle-traffic-related TBIs. Conclusion: With nearly half a million children affected each year, TBI is a serious public health problem. Variation in rates by race suggest the need to more closely examine the factors that contribute to these differences, such as the external causes of the injury and associated modifiable factors (e.g., the use of seat-belts and child safety seats). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Langlois, JA (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,NE,F-41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JAL7@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 185 Z9 185 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 229 EP 238 PG 10 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 926ZZ UT WOS:000229163500006 PM 15908823 ER PT J AU Selassie, AW McCarthy, ML Ferguson, PL Tian, JM Langlois, JA AF Selassie, AW McCarthy, ML Ferguson, PL Tian, JM Langlois, JA TI Risk of posthospitalization mortality among persons with traumatic brain injury, South Carolina 1999-2001 SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article ID LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; PREEXISTING CONDITIONS; LIFE EXPECTANCY; HEAD-INJURY; DEATH; SEVERITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; DISCHARGE; CARE AB Traumatic brain injury (TBI) negatively impacts long-term survival. However, little is known about the likelihood of death within the first year following hospital discharge. This study examined mortality among a representative sample of 3679 persons within 1 year of being discharged from any of 62 acute care hospitals in South Carolina following TBI and identified the factors associated with early death using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. The mortality experience of the cohort was also compared with that of the general population by using standardized mortality ratios for selected causes of death by age, adjusted for race and sex. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Div Biostat & Hlth GIS,Publ Hlth Stat & Informat, Charleston, SC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Selassie, AW (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biostat Bioinformat & Epidemiol, 135 Cannon St,POB 250835, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. EM selassie@musc.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U17/CCU421926] NR 52 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 257 EP 269 PG 13 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 926ZZ UT WOS:000229163500008 PM 15908825 ER PT J AU Sample, PL Langlois, JA AF Sample, PL Langlois, JA TI Linking people with traumatic brain injury to services - Successes and challenges in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF HEAD TRAUMA REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE brain injury; craniocerebral trauma; services ID NEEDS; PERCEPTIONS AB People with traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related disability often need services and other types of support to return to productive lives; thus, improving access to available TBI services is a priority for a variety of states' agencies, such as Human Services and Public Health. Although infrastructure and resources vary from state to state, each can benefit by learning about how other states link people with TBI to services. In this report, we summarize Colorado's experience in exploring and developing better ways to link state residents with TBI to services. Recommendations for improving the system of linking people to services in Colorado included the following: (1) expanding the population targeted for linkage to services beyond those who are hospitalized; (2) improving access to information about available services; and (3) increasing the availability of services. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sample, PL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Occupat Therapy, 211 Occupat Therapy Bldg, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM psample@cabs.colostate.edu NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 6 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0885-9701 J9 J HEAD TRAUMA REHAB JI J. Head Trauma Rehabil. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 270 EP 278 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Rehabilitation SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Rehabilitation GA 926ZZ UT WOS:000229163500009 PM 15908826 ER PT J AU Castor, ML Wagstrom, EA Danila, RN Smith, KE Naimi, TS Besser, JM Peacock, KA Juni, BA Hunt, JM Bartkus, JM Kirkhorn, SR Lynfield, R AF Castor, ML Wagstrom, EA Danila, RN Smith, KE Naimi, TS Besser, JM Peacock, KA Juni, BA Hunt, JM Bartkus, JM Kirkhorn, SR Lynfield, R TI An outbreak of Pontiac fever with respiratory distress among workers performing high-pressure cleaning at a sugar-beet processing plant SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America Meeting CY SEP 18-21, 2001 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID ENDOTOXIN EXPOSURE; LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; INHALATION; HEALTH; DUST AB Background. In August 2000, the Minnesota Department of Health was notified of and investigated an outbreak of febrile respiratory illness among workers at a sugar-beet processing plant. Methods. A case was defined as fever and respiratory symptoms occurring in a worker at the sugar-beet plant on or after 31 July 2000. Case patients were interviewed, medical and work records were reviewed, and clinical samples were obtained. The plant was inspected, and environmental samples were collected. Results. Fourteen of 15 case patients performed high-pressure water cleaning in the confined space of an evaporator vessel. Symptoms included fever and chills (100%), chest tightness (93%), cough (80%), and shortness of breath (73%). In case patients, median temperature was 39.4 degrees C, median oxygen saturation was 93%, and median white blood cell count was 12 x 10(3) cells/mu L. Four (29%) of 14 case patients showed evidence of Legionella pneumophila exposure, according to serologic testing. Water sources contained up to 10(5) cfu/mL of L. pneumophila and 22,200 endotoxin units/mL. Conclusions. Outbreak features were consistent with Pontiac fever. Respiratory symptoms, which are atypical for Pontiac fever, could be attributed to a high exposure dose of L. pneumophila from confined-space aerosolization or to endotoxin exposure. This outbreak demonstrates the potential occupational hazards for those performing high-pressure cleaning in confined spaces. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Mayo Hlth Syst, Immanuel St Josephs Med Ctr, Mankato, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Danila, RN (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, 717 SE Delaware St, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. EM richard.danila@state.mn.us NR 29 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 9 BP 1530 EP 1537 DI 10.1086/428776 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 913CS UT WOS:000228128800021 PM 15809913 ER PT J AU Nelson, JM Tauxe, RV Angulo, FJ AF Nelson, JM Tauxe, RV Angulo, FJ TI Ciprofloxacin resistance does not affect duration of domestically acquired campylobacteriosis - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nelson, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zcn6@cdc.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 9 BP 1566 EP 1567 DI 10.1086/428508 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 913CS UT WOS:000228128800026 ER PT J AU Panella, NA Dolan, MC Karchesy, JJ Xiong, YP Peralta-Cruz, J Khasawneh, M Montenieri, JA Maupin, GO AF Panella, NA Dolan, MC Karchesy, JJ Xiong, YP Peralta-Cruz, J Khasawneh, M Montenieri, JA Maupin, GO TI Use of novel compounds for pest control: Insecticidal and acaricidal activity of essential oil components from heartwood of Alaska yellow cedar SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE natural products; nootkatone; Ixodes scapularis; Xenopsylla cheopis; Aedes aegypti ID IXODES-SCAPULARIS ACARI; AZADIRACHTA-INDICA; MOSQUITO; IXODIDAE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PESTICIDES; CULICIDAE; TOXICITY; EXTRACTS; DIPTERA AB Laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the activity of 15 natural products isolated from essential oil components extracted from the heartwood of Alaska yellow Cedar, Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach., against Ixodes scapularis Say nymphs, Xenopsylla cheopis (Rothchild), and Aedes aegypti (L.) adults. Four of the compounds from the essential oil have been identified as monoterpenes, five as eremophilane sesquiterpenes, five as eremophilane sesquiterpene derivatives from valencene and nootkatone, and one as a sesquiterpene outside the eremophilane parent group. Carvacrol was the only monoterpene that demonstrated biocidal activity against ticks, fleas, and mosquitoes with LC50, values after 24 h of 0.0068, 0.0059, and 0.0051% (wt:vol), respectively. Nootkatone from Alaska yellow cedar was the most effective of the eremophilane sesquiterpenes against ticks (LC50 = 0.0029%), whereas the nootkatone grapefruit extract exhibited the greatest biocidal activity against fleas (LC50 = 0.0029%). Mosquitoes were most susceptible to one of the derivatives of valencene, valencene-13-aldehyde (LC50 = 0.0024%), after 24 h. Bioassays to determine residual activity of the most effective products were conducted at 1, 2, 4, and 6 wk after initial treatment. Residual LC50 values for nootkatone did not differ significantly at 4 wk posttreatment from the observations made at the initial 24-h treatment. The ability of these natural products to kill arthropods at relatively low concentrations represents an alternative to the use of synthetic pesticides for control of disease vectors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Panella, NA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Prod, 119 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NR 29 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 4 U2 17 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 352 EP 358 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0352:UONCFP]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 925QJ UT WOS:000229067400023 PM 15962787 ER PT J AU Almeida, APG Baptista, SSSG Sousa, CAGCC Novo, MTLM Ramos, HC Panella, NA Godsey, M Simoes, MJ Anselmo, ML Komar, N Mitchell, CJ Ribeiro, H AF Almeida, APG Baptista, SSSG Sousa, CAGCC Novo, MTLM Ramos, HC Panella, NA Godsey, M Simoes, MJ Anselmo, ML Komar, N Mitchell, CJ Ribeiro, H TI Bioecology and vectorial capacity of Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae) in Macao, China, in relation to dengue virus transmission SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes albopictus; China; dengue; bioecology ID MOSQUITOS; ECOLOGY; AEGYPTI; CDC; POPULATION; ANOPHELES; TRAPS AB Until 2001, the Chinese Territory of Macao had not registered any autochthonous dengue cases, despite the abundance of Aedes albopictus (Skuse), a known vector. This work describes a bioecological characterization of the local Ae. albopictus adult population, with the purpose of estimating the receptivity of Macao to dengue introduction. In the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998 and the dry season of 1998, Ae. albopictus was the most abundant human-biting mosquito. Daily biting rates of 314 mosquitoes per person were recorded in the wet season with a reduction to 94 in the dry season. Ae. albopictus was mainly exophagic and exophilic and had a human blood index of 44%. The parity rate of field-collected mosquitoes was 57%. Daily survival rate ranged front 91 to 97%. Estimates of vectorial capacity ranged from 144 to 880, depending on what parameter values were used. These estimates indicated a great receptivity for the introduction of dengue viruses, as the 2001 outbreak came to prove. C1 Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Med Entomol Unit, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. Inst Invest Cientif Trop, P-1300343 Lisbon, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Almeida, APG (reprint author), Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Med Entomol Unit, Rua Junqueira 96, P-1349008 Lisbon, Portugal. RI Almeida, Antonio Paulo Gouvei/I-2541-2012; Sousa, Carla /G-6531-2012; Novo, Maria Teresa/J-8587-2012; OI Almeida, Antonio Paulo Gouvei/0000-0003-0751-4488; Sousa, Carla /0000-0002-2386-7577; Simoes, Maria Joao/0000-0001-7514-5923; Novo, Maria Teresa/0000-0003-0484-3374 NR 57 TC 44 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 419 EP 428 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0419:BAVCOA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 925QJ UT WOS:000229067400032 PM 15962796 ER PT J AU Schulze, TL Jordan, RA Schulze, CJ Mixson, T Papero, M AF Schulze, TL Jordan, RA Schulze, CJ Mixson, T Papero, M TI Relative encounter frequencies and prevalence of selected Borrelia, Ehrlichia, and Anaplasma infections in Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes scapularis (Acari : Ixodidae) ticks from central New Jersey SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE A. americanum; L scapularis; encounter frequencies; infection prevalence ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; UNITED-STATES; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; POTENTIAL VECTOR; BURGDORFERI SPIROCHAETALES; SAMPLING METHODS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT AB To evaluate their relative importance in tick-borne disease transmission in New Jersey, host-seeking Amblyomma americanum (L.) and Ixodes scapularis Say adults and nymphs were collected during spring activity periods in 2003 and 2004 to determine relative frequencies at which these ticks were encountered from an area known to be hyperendemic for Lyme disease. Although similar numbers of the two species were encountered during early spring of both years, A. americanum were encountered more often later in the season and exhibited a longer activity period than I. scapularis. A. americanum nymphs were collected at frequencies between 2.6 and 7.3 times higher than I. scapularis nymphs. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of 121 A. americanum adults yielded infection prevalences of 9.1% for Borrelia lonestari, 12.3% for Ehrlichia chaffeenensis, and 8.2% for E. ewingii, and coinfection prevalences of 4.1% for E, chaffeensis/E. ewingii and 0.8% for E. chaffeensis/B. lonestari. Infection prevalences in 147 L scapularis adults were 50.3% for B. burgdorferi, 6.1% for Anaplasma (Ehrlichia) phagocytophilum, and 1.4% for a recently described novel Borrelia species, whereas the coinfection prevalences were 2.7% for B. burgdorferi/A. phagocytophilum, 0.7% for B, burgdorferi novel Borrelia, and 0.7% for A. phagocytophilum/ novel Borrelia. The B. burgdorferi infection prevalence in I. scapularis was considerably higher than that in A. americanum. However, the higher A. americanum encounter frequencies compared with I. scapularis may result in increased risk of acquiring exposure to A. americanum-transmitted pathogens. The potential public health implications of these results are discussed. C1 Freehold Area Hlth Dept, Freehold, NJ 07728 USA. PhD Inc, Perrineville, NJ 08535 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Program Populat Biol Ecol & Evolut, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Schulze, TL (reprint author), Freehold Area Hlth Dept, Municipal Plaza,Schanck Rd, Freehold, NJ 07728 USA. NR 61 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 11 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 450 EP 456 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0450:REFAPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 925QJ UT WOS:000229067400035 PM 15962799 ER PT J AU Loftis, AD Gill, JS Schriefer, ME Levin, ML Eremeeva, ME Gilchrist, MJR Dasch, GA AF Loftis, AD Gill, JS Schriefer, ME Levin, ML Eremeeva, ME Gilchrist, MJR Dasch, GA TI Detection of Rickettsia, Borrelia, and Bartonella in Carios kelleyi (Acari : Argasidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Carios kelleyi; argasid; Rickettsia; Bartonella; Borrelia ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; ORNITHODOROS-KELLEYI; UNITED-STATES; BAT TICK; IXODIDAE; PCR; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; ASSOCIATIONS AB Carios kelleyi (Colley & Kohls 1941), a tick associated with bats and bat habitats, has been reported to feed on humans, but there is little published data regarding the presence of vector-borne pathogens in these ticks. C. kelleyi nymphs and adults were collected from residential and community buildings in Jackson County, Iowa, and tested by polymerase chain reaction for Rickettsia, Borrelia, Bartonella, Coxiella, and Anaplasma. Rickettsia DNA was detected in 28 of 31 live ticks. Sequences of the 17-kDa and rOmpA genes suggest that this agent is a novel spotted fever group Rickettsia. Transstadial and transovarial transmission of this Rickettsia were demonstrated. The flagellin gene of a Borrelia, closely related to B. turicatae, was detected in one of 31 live ticks. The 16S-23S intergenic spacer region of Bartonella henselae also was detected in one of 31 live ticks. Coxiella or A. phagocytophilum DNA were not detected in these ticks. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Loftis, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aloftis@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0473:DORBAB]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 925QJ UT WOS:000229067400037 PM 15962801 ER PT J AU Lima, CMR Zeidner, NS Beard, CB Soares, CAG Dolan, MC Dietrich, G Piesman, J AF Lima, CMR Zeidner, NS Beard, CB Soares, CAG Dolan, MC Dietrich, G Piesman, J TI Differential infectivity of the Lyme disease Spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi derived from Ixodes scapularis salivary glands and midgut SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Lyme disease; salivary glands; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ixodes scapularis ID OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; GENE-EXPRESSION; TICKS ACARI; LIFE-CYCLE; TRANSMISSION; IXODIDAE; MICE; DISSEMINATION; INDUCTION; DAMMINI AB Blood fed nymphal Ixodes scapularis Say infected with Borrelia burgdorferi were dissected to obtain salivary gland and midgut extracts. Extracts were inoculated into C3H/HeJ mice, and ear, heart, and bladder were cultured to determine comparative infectivity. Aliquots of extracts were then analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction to determine the number of spirochetes inoculated into mice. A comparative median infectious dose (ID,,) was determined for both salivary gland and midgut extract inoculations. Our data demonstrated a statistically significant difference (P < 0.002) in the ID,, derived from salivary gland (average = 18) versus midgut (average = 251) extracts needed to infect susceptible mice. A rationale for the differential infectivity of salivary and midgut derived spirochetes is discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Genet, Lab Genet Mol Eucariontes & Simbiontes, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM naz2@cdc.gov RI Soares, Carlos/H-9464-2016 OI Soares, Carlos/0000-0001-9058-9266 NR 37 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 BP 506 EP 510 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0506:DIOTLD]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 925QJ UT WOS:000229067400043 PM 15962807 ER PT J AU Constantin, CM Faucett, A Lubin, IM AF Constantin, CM Faucett, A Lubin, IM TI A primer on genetic testing SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE genetic testing; genetics; molecular test; laboratory test ID HEALTH; RISK AB Use of genetic tests in the clinical practice setting is a current reality, and an increasing number of patients are asking about and requesting genetic testing. The push to translate genetic research findings and technological innovations into clinical practice will continue as our understanding of the genetic basis of disease increases. Special consideration is required when ordering genetic tests, beyond that of other laboratory tests, and an understanding of the unique aspects involved will help optimize clinical outcomes. The purpose of this primer is to provide a basic understanding of genetic testing, discuss current issues related to the use of tests, and outline practical steps for critically using genetic tests in clinical practice. © 2005 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Genom & Publ Hlth Program, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Constantin, CM (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS-G23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cconstantin@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1526-9523 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.01.001 PG 8 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 926FA UT WOS:000229107300006 PM 15894997 ER PT J AU Constantin, CM AF Constantin, CM TI Genetics in clinical practice: A team approach SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Software Review C1 CDCP, Div Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Constantin, CM (reprint author), CDCP, Div Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1526-9523 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 252 EP 253 DI 10.1016/j.jmwh.2005.01.012 PG 2 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 926FA UT WOS:000229107300015 ER PT J AU Jarvis, M Iyer, RK Williams, LO Noll, WW Thomas, K Telatar, M Grody, WW AF Jarvis, M Iyer, RK Williams, LO Noll, WW Thomas, K Telatar, M Grody, WW TI A novel method for creating artificial mutant samples for performance evaluation and quality control in clinical molecular genetics SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; BLOOD-SAMPLES; ASSURANCE AB The lack of readily available, patient-derived materials for molecular genetic testing of many heterozygous or rare disorders creates a major impediment for laboratory proficiency and quality control procedures. The paucity of clinically derived mutation-positive samples could be surmounted if it were possible to construct artificial samples containing mutations of interest that would sufficiently resemble natural human samples. Such samples could then function as acceptable and realistic performance evaluation challenges and quality control reagents for recipient laboratories. Using the cystic fibrosis gene (CFTR) as a prototype, we have devised and executed experiments designed to generate unique DNA samples that could be used for these purposes. We used site-directed mutagenesis to generate mutations of interest in plasmid DNA derived from common bacterial artificial chromosome sources containing the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance receptor gene. CFTR mutations G85E and 1078delT were chosen to represent mutations in the original American College of Medical Genetics-recommended population-screening panel of 25 mutations. DNA samples containing predetermined concentrations and ratios of wild-type and mutated plasmids, bacterial artificial chromosomes of interest, and nonhuman genomic carrier DNA were characterized and tested in-house and in a group of nine pilot testing laboratories using a variety of technical platforms. The results indicate that these constructs, containing CFTR mutations in heterozygous and homozygous states, can serve as valid and accessible materials for quality assurance, including performance evaluation, proficiency testing, and assay quality control. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Lebanon, NH 03766 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Grody, WW (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, 10833 Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM wgrody@mednet.ucla.edu FU PHS HHS [200-2000-10030] NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 7 IS 2 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60551-X PG 5 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 921AP UT WOS:000228736900012 PM 15858148 ER PT J AU Gupta, M Zapata, M Hunter, S Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR AF Gupta, M Zapata, M Hunter, S Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR TI Varicella zoster (VZV) encephalitis: The spectrum of changes in three biopsy specimens. SO JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 81st Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Neuropathologists CY JUN 09-12, 2005 CL Arlington, VA SP Amer Assoc Neuropathol C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-3069 J9 J NEUROPATH EXP NEUR JI J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 64 IS 5 MA 65 BP 447 EP 447 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 923YP UT WOS:000228945800074 ER PT J AU Jasti, S Siega-Riz, AM Cogswell, ME Hartzema, AG Bentley, ME AF Jasti, S Siega-Riz, AM Cogswell, ME Hartzema, AG Bentley, ME TI Pill count adherence to prenatal multivitamin/mineral supplement use among low-income women SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE adherence; prenatal supplements; pregnant women; anemia; iron deficiency ID WEEKLY IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; PREGNANT-WOMEN; SERUM ERYTHROPOIETIN; PRETERM DELIVERY; CLINICAL-TRIAL; STATUS MARKERS; UNITED-STATES; DEFICIENCY; ANEMIA; DETERMINANTS AB In the United States, the prevalence of third trimester anemia among low-income pregnant women is 29% and has not improved since the 1980s. Although low adherence has been linked to the ineffectiveness of iron supplementation programs, data regarding adherence to supplementation in low-income women are currently lacking. Hence this study was conducted to better understand the factors associated with adherence to the use of iron-containing prenatal multivitamin/mineral supplements among low-income pregnant women. Adherence to supplement use was assessed by pill counts among 244 pregnant women of 867 women who were initially randomized to receive 1 of 3 prenatal supplements. All women received care at a public prenatal clinic. Maternal characteristics associated with adherence were identified using predictive modeling. Women took 74% of supplements as prescribed. Adherence was higher among non-Hispanic white women than among non-Hispanic black women (79% vs. 72%, P &LE; 0.01). Interactions of ethnicity with age group, smoking status, and prior supplement use were significant. Multivariate regression analysis stratified by ethnicity revealed that among the white women education beyond high school, unmarried status, nulligravidity, and smoking were positively associated with adherence. In contrast, among the black women, supplement use 3 mo prior to current pregnancy and no loss of appetite were positively associated with adherence. Further research investigating the influence of cultural factors is necessary to better understand adherence to supplement use and the differences in adherence among ethnic groups. C1 CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Family Nutr & Exercise Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Florida, Pharm Hlth Care Adm, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Jasti, S (reprint author), CUNY Queens Coll, Dept Family Nutr & Exercise Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. EM sunitha_jasti@qc.edu NR 46 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 135 IS 5 BP 1093 EP 1101 PG 9 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 924BM UT WOS:000228953600022 PM 15867287 ER PT J AU Doney, BC Groce, DW Campbell, DL Greskevitch, MF Hoffman, WA Middendorf, PJ Syamlal, G Bang, KM AF Doney, BC Groce, DW Campbell, DL Greskevitch, MF Hoffman, WA Middendorf, PJ Syamlal, G Bang, KM TI A survey of private sector respirator use in the United States: An overview of findings SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE respirator use and programs; survey; fitness; fit testing; training AB Limitations of previous surveys of respirator use led the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics to undertake a survey of respirator use and practices among U.S. private sector employers. The survey was mailed to 40,002 private sector establishments in August 2001; the responses were used to develop national estimates. Respirator use was required in 4.5 % of establishments and for 3.1 % of employees. Of the establishments requiring respirator use, 95 % used air-purifying respirators and 17 % used air-supplied respirators. Manufacturing; mining (including oil and gas extraction); construction; and agriculture, forestry, and fishing had the highest rates of establishment respirator use. Respirators were used most frequently to protect against dust/mist, paint vapors, and solvents. Large percentages of establishments requiring respirator use had indicators of potentially inadequate respirator programs. Of establishments requiring respirator use, 91 % had at least one indicator of a potentially inadequate respiratory protection program, while 54 % had at least five indicators. The survey findings suggest that large numbers of employers may not follow NIOSH recommendations and Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) requirements for the selection and use of respirators, potentially putting workers at risk. The findings will aid efforts to increase the appropriate use of respirators in the workplace. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Doney, BC (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd Mailstop G900-2, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM bdoney@cdc.gov RI Banks, Tamara/G-3007-2012 NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 2 IS 5 BP 267 EP 276 DI 10.1080/15459620590949020 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 922OF UT WOS:000228846600004 PM 15814381 ER PT J AU Koo, D AF Koo, D TI Leveraging syndromic surveillance SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koo, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Workforce & Career Dev, Career Dev Div, Mailstop E-92, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dkoo@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 181 EP 183 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 915NO UT WOS:000228311100001 PM 15829829 ER PT J AU Hopkins, RS AF Hopkins, RS TI Design and operation of state and local infectious disease surveillance systems SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE communicable diseases; communicable disease control; outbreaks; population surveillance; public health practice ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; WATERBORNE DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAKS; BIOTERRORISM; HEPATITIS AB Since 2001, increased attention has been focused on improving acute infectious disease surveillance systems. This article describes options for their design and operation. Systems designed primarily to detect individual cases of reportable diseases may differ from those designed to detect outbreaks or support design or evaluation of control programs. Timeliness, sensitivity, and predictive value of surveillance systems cannot all be maximized at the same time. Core activities of surveillance systems include collection, analysis, and dissemination of information about health events under surveillance. Doing these well requires attention to the mechanics of surveillance, such as making the health department accessible at all times to receive reports and provide consultation, and maintaining current directories of persons for dissemination of surveillance data, alerts, and recommendations. Rapid access to electronic representations of health events (eg, laboratory reports, patient records, or health care claims) provides great opportunities for more timely and complete surveillance. Some important information (eg, exposures, contacts) will still need to be collected directly from affected persons. One productive strategy is to collect core demographic and onset data on all cases and detailed clinical, exposure, and outcome data on a subset. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hopkins, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Mail Stop E-91,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhopkins@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 184 EP 190 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 915NO UT WOS:000228311100002 PM 15829830 ER PT J AU Mazurek, J Holbert, L Parrish, MK Salehi, E AF Mazurek, J Holbert, L Parrish, MK Salehi, E TI Raw eggs - Lessons learned from an outbreak of Salmonella serotype enteritidis infections associated with meringue pie SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE disease outbreak; eggs; food legislation; food services; Salmonella Enteritidis ID ROUTINE RESTAURANT INSPECTIONS; FOODBORNE ILLNESS; DISEASE AB Objectives: We investigated a salmonellosis outbreak related to a cafeteria to determine its extent and to identify illness risk factors. Methods: A case was defined as isolation of Salmonella Group D or serotype Enteritidis from the stool of a person who ate at the cafeteria during June 22-July 10, 2003, and developed diarrhea in 3 days or less. Food histories of case patients (n = 11) were compared with those of their well meal companions (n = 16). Results: Consumption of coconut meringue pie was associated with illness (odds ratio = 150.0; 95% confidence interval = 6.4-6901.4). Meringue was made with raw shell eggs and was baked to an internal temperature of 83 degrees F. Conclusions: Restaurant operators and public health officials should be alert for recipes containing raw shell eggs. Food service operators should use pasteurized egg products in meringue recipes if meringue will not be cooked to the required temperature of 155 degrees F For clarification purposes, policy makers should consider adding "meringue" to the Food Safety Rule that lists foods in which pasteurized eggs should be substituted for raw shell eggs. C1 Ohio Dept Hlth, Div Prevent, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Div Prevent, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. RP Mazurek, J (reprint author), Ohio Dept Hlth, Div Prevent, 8th Floor,POB 118, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. EM JMAZUREK@gw.odh.state.oh.us NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 201 EP 207 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 915NO UT WOS:000228311100004 PM 15829832 ER PT J AU Posid, JM Bruce, SM Guarnizo, JT Taylor, ML Garza, BW AF Posid, JM Bruce, SM Guarnizo, JT Taylor, ML Garza, BW TI SARS: Mobilizing and maintaining a public health emergency response SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE disease outbreak; emergency response; public health; SARS virus; leadership AB During the spring and summer of 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) mobilized the resources of the entire agency in a concerted effort to meet the challenges posed by the outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Over the 133 days that comprised the emergency response phase of the SARS outbreak, CDC utilized the skills of more than 850 people, These staff were deployed from every Center, Institute, and Office within CDC and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. They provided technical assistance to countries reporting large numbers of cases and requesting assistance, met passengers and crew from these locations upon arrival in the United States, and assured that the syndrome was reported and thoroughly investigated within the United States. This paper describes the operational requirements that were established and the resources that were used to conduct this investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Posid, JM (reprint author), CDC, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, NCID, Mailstop C18,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmp2@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 208 EP 215 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 915NO UT WOS:000228311100005 PM 15829833 ER PT J AU Denner, J Coyle, K Robin, L Banspach, S AF Denner, J Coyle, K Robin, L Banspach, S TI Integrating service learning into a curriculum to reduce health risks at alternative high schools SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; PREVENTION PROGRAM; TEEN PREGNANCY; SAFER CHOICES; HIV-INFECTION; BEHAVIORS; STUDENTS; INTERVENTION; REDUCTIONS; IMPACT AB Service learning has been identified as a promising approach to reduce sexual risk behavior, among other outcomes. This study used qualitative data analysis to offer suggestions for optimally integrating service learning into a program to reduce sexual risks among alternative school students. Data were collected from student participants in the All4You! Project using classroom materials, focus groups, and individual interviews. Project educators and project staff also provided data through summary forms and field notes. Qualitative data analysis revealed 5 strategies for creating positive service experiences for alternative school students: (I)find appropriate service-teaming sites, (2) create staff support, (3) maintain appropriate student participation and behavior, (4) enhance student reflection on service-learning experiences, and (5) address students' self-images. C1 ETR Assoc, Scotts Valley, CA 95066 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Denner, J (reprint author), ETR Assoc, 4 Carbonero Way, Scotts Valley, CA 95066 USA. EM jilld@etr.org; karinc@etr.org; ler7@cdc.gov; swb3@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U87CCU916390] NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD MAY PY 2005 VL 75 IS 5 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2005.00015.x PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 930KQ UT WOS:000229415100001 PM 15989083 ER PT J AU Naimi, TS Brewer, RD AF Naimi, TS Brewer, RD TI "Binge" drinking and blood alcohol concentration SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alcohol Team, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Naimi, TS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alcohol Team, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA C/O DEIRDRE ENGLISH, 607 ALLISON RD, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8001 USA SN 0096-882X J9 J STUD ALCOHOL JI J. Stud. Alcohol PD MAY PY 2005 VL 66 IS 3 BP 438 EP 438 PG 1 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA 935TM UT WOS:000229806300017 PM 16047536 ER PT J AU Radimer, KL AF Radimer, KL TI Research editorial - Methodological issues in assessing dietary supplement use in children SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID VITAMIN; VALIDITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat & Stat, NHANES Program, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Radimer, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat & Stat, NHANES Program, Room 4221,3311 Toldedo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kir5@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 105 IS 5 BP 703 EP 708 DI 10.1016/j.jada.2005.03.037 PG 6 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 925JA UT WOS:000229048200007 PM 15883544 ER PT J AU Shui, I Kennedy, A Wooten, K Schwartz, B Gust, D AF Shui, I Kennedy, A Wooten, K Schwartz, B Gust, D TI Factors influencing African-American mothers' concerns about immunization safety: A summary of focus group findings SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE immunization safety; mistrust; parental concerns; African-American ID VACCINE INFORMATION PAMPHLETS; INNER-CITY PARENTS; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH; ATTITUDES; CHILDREN; PERCEPTIONS; BELIEFS; CANCER AB Objective: To examine the vaccine safety concerns of African-American mothers who, despite concerns, have their children immunized. Methods: Six focus groups of Atlanta-area African-American mothers who were very concerned about vaccine safety but whose children were fully vaccinated were conducted. Results: Major factors influencing participants' concerns about immunizations included: lack of information and mistrust of the medical community and government. Factors that convinced parents to have their child immunized despite their concerns included social norms and/or laws supporting immunization and fear of the consequences. of not immunizing. Suggestions given to reduce concerns included improving available information that addressed their concerns and provider-patient communication. Conclusions: Addressing mothers' concerns about immunization is important both from an ethical perspective, in assuring that they are fully informed of the risks and benefits of immunizations, as well as from a practical one, in reducing the possibility that they will. decide not to immunize their child. Changes in the childhood immunization process should be made to reduce parental concern about vaccine safety. Some changes that may be considered include improved provider communication about immunizations and additional tailored information about the necessity and safety of vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shui, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ibs8@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 BP 657 EP 666 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 017AD UT WOS:000235665600004 PM 15926642 ER PT J AU Roberts, A Paddock, C Vogel, L Butter, E Zaki, S Subbarao, K AF Roberts, A Paddock, C Vogel, L Butter, E Zaki, S Subbarao, K TI Aged BALB/c mice as a model for increased severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome in elderly humans SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORONAVIRUS SPIKE PROTEIN; SARS CORONAVIRUS; HONG-KONG; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; LUNG PATHOLOGY; AFRICAN-GREEN; INFECTION; IMMUNOSENESCENCE; NEUTRALIZATION; REPLICATION AB Advanced age has repeatedly been identified as an independent correlate of adverse outcome and a predictor of mortality in cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). SARS-associated mortality may exceed 50% for persons aged 60 years or older. Heightened susceptibility of the elderly to severe SARS and the ability of SARS coronavirus to replicate in mice led us to examine whether aged mice might be susceptible to disease. We report here that viral replication in aged mice was associated with clinical illness and pneumonia, demonstrating an age-related susceptibility to SARS disease in animals that parallels the human experience. C1 NIAID, LID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roberts, A (reprint author), NIAID, LID, NIH, 50 South Dr,Room 6351,MSC 8007, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM ajroberts@niaid.nih.gov NR 36 TC 99 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 79 IS 9 BP 5833 EP 5838 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.9.5833-5838.2005 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 917CH UT WOS:000228433100060 PM 15827197 ER PT J AU Kunz, S Rojek, JM Perez, M Spiropoulou, CF Oldstone, MBA AF Kunz, S Rojek, JM Perez, M Spiropoulou, CF Oldstone, MBA TI Characterization of the interaction of lassa fever virus with its cellular receptor alpha-dystroglycan SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS; DYSTROPHIN-GLYCOPROTEIN COMPLEX; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BETA-DYSTROGLYCAN; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; DENDRITIC CELLS; CULTURED-CELLS; TYROSINE PHOSPHORYLATION; MUSCULAR-DYSTROPHY; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS AB The cellular receptor for the Old World arenaviruses Lassa fever virus (LFV) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) has recently been identified as alpha-dystroglycan (alpha-DG), a cell surface receptor that provides a molecular link between the extracellullar matrix and the actin-based cytoskeleton. In the present study, we show that LFV binds to alpha-DG with high affinity in the low-nanomollar range. Recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with LFV glycoprotein (GP) adopted the receptor binding characteristics of LFV and depended on alpha-DG for infection of cells. Mapping of the binding site of LFV on a-DG revealed that LFV binding required the same domains of alpha-DG that are involved in the binding of LCMV. Further, LFV was found to efficiently compete with laminin alpha 1 and alpha 2 chains for alpha-DG binding. Together with our previous studies on receptor binding of the prototypic immunosuppressive LCMV isolate LCMV clone 13, these findings indicate a high degree of conservation in the receptor binding characteristics between the highly human-pathogenic LFV and murine-immunosuppressive LCMV isolates. C1 Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neuropharmacol, Div Virol, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kunz, S (reprint author), Scripps Res Inst, Dept Neuropharmacol, Div Virol, 10550 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM stefanku@scripps.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI55540, AI45927, R01 AI045927, R01 AI055540, R21 AI055540] NR 66 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 79 IS 10 BP 5979 EP 5987 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.10.5979-5987.2005 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 922CV UT WOS:000228814400011 PM 15857984 ER PT J AU Cardozo, BL Bilukha, OO Gotway, CA Wolfe, MI Gerber, ML Anderson, M AF Cardozo, BL Bilukha, OO Gotway, CA Wolfe, MI Gerber, ML Anderson, M TI Mental health of women in postwar Afghanistan SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-RIGHTS; WAR; INSTRUMENT; ATTITUDES; REFUGEES; KOSOVO; TRAUMA AB More than two decades of war and a culture that has denied women freedom of movement, access to healthcare, and education have affected the mental health status of Afghan women more than that of men. In 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) conducted a national population-based mental health survey in Afghanistan. The prevalence of symptoms of depression was 73% ( standard error [ SE] 8.15) and 59% ( SE 5.59), of symptoms of anxiety was 84% ( SE 2.98) and 59% ( SE 8.65), and of posttraumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) was 48% ( SE 6.19) and 32% ( SE 4.22) for female and male respondents, respectively. Mean scores for social functioning were lower for women ( 52.00 [ SE 2.77]) than for men (66.63 [ SE 3.92]). Women had significantly lower mental health status and poorer social functioning than did men. Results of our survey underscore the need for financial donors and healthcare planners to address the current lack of mental healthcare resources, facilities, and trained mental healthcare professionals in Afghanistan and to establish mental health services directed at the specific needs of women. This study highlights the negative impact that war, restrictions in freedoms, and socioeconomic hardship have had on the mental health and social functioning of women in Afghanistan. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cardozo, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-97, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bhc8@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 285 EP 293 DI 10.1089/jwh.2005.14.285 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 932ZN UT WOS:000229593400001 PM 15916500 ER PT J AU Strine, TW Chapman, DP Ahluwalia, IB AF Strine, TW Chapman, DP Ahluwalia, IB TI Menstrual-related problems and psychological distress among women in the United States SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREMENSTRUAL DYSPHORIC DISORDER; ANXIETY DISORDERS; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; YOUNG-WOMEN; DEPRESSION; SYMPTOMS; HEALTH; ASSOCIATION; POPULATION; LIFE AB Objective: To examine the associations of menstrual-related problems with mental health and health behaviors in a U. S. population-based study. Methods: We analyzed data obtained from women aged 18 - 55 years ( n = 11,648) who participated in the 2002 National Health Interview Survey, an ongoing, computer-assisted personal interview of the noninstitutionalized U. S. population. Results: Approximately 19% of women aged 18 - 55 years reported experiencing menstrual-related problems ( e. g., heavy bleeding, bothersome cramping, or premenstrual syndrome [PMS]). These women were significantly more likely than those without menstrual-related problems to report frequent anxiety and depression, insomnia, excessive sleepiness, and pain over the past 12 months. Women with menstrual-related problems were also significantly more likely to report feeling sad, nervous, restless, hopeless, or worthless and that everything was an effort all or most of the time during the past 30 days. Cigarette smoking, drinking heavily, and being overweight or obese were also more frequently reported among women with menstrual-related problems than those without. Conclusions: Menstrual-related problems pose substantial implications for public health. Healthcare providers should examine mental health concerns in women reporting menstrual-related problems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM tws2@cdc.gov NR 50 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 316 EP 323 DI 10.1089/jwh.2005.14.316 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 932ZN UT WOS:000229593400006 PM 15916505 ER PT J AU Wasfy, MO El-Sakka, H Teleb, N Mahoney, F Hajjeh, R Halloij, Z AF Wasfy, MO El-Sakka, H Teleb, N Mahoney, F Hajjeh, R Halloij, Z TI Postwar re-restablishment and activation of laboratory capacity for disease surveillance in southern Iraq, 2003 SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB After the war in Iraq in 2003, many hospitals and laboratories were destroyed or looted, resulting in a drastic drop in health-cave services and the emergence of serious outbreaks of disease. From July 1 to December 31, 2003, a medical team from the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (WHO EMRO) went to Iraq to assess the situation and began to re-establish a laboratory-based disease surveillance system throughout Iraq. We were members of this team, and we present our personal experiences and perspective on the challenges, strategic approaches, results, and lessons learned. C1 WHO, EMRO, Cairo, Egypt. USN, Med Res Unit 3, Cairo, Egypt. WHO, EMRO, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wasfy, MO (reprint author), US Embassy, USN, Med Res Unit, Lab Unit,Dis Surveillance Program, PSC 452,Box 111,FPO AE, Cairo 09835, Egypt. EM wasfym@namru3.med.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 5 IS 5 BP 271 EP 273 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70110-9 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 921FV UT WOS:000228750500023 PM 15854881 ER PT J AU Sejvar, JJ Tenover, FC Stephens, DS AF Sejvar, JJ Tenover, FC Stephens, DS TI Management of anthrax meningitis SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID EXPERIMENTAL INHALATION ANTHRAX; BACILLUS-ANTHRACIS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES; PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; PATHOLOGY; TOXIN; RECOGNITION AB Meningitis due to infection with Bacillus anthracis is considered an infrequent manifestation of the disease but one associated with high mortality. The bioterrorism event in the USA in the autumn of 2001 demonstrated our need for a better understanding of anthrax meningitis, as well as management and antimicrobial therapy. However, human clinical trials are not possible and animal experiments to guide such therapy are limited. An approach to the treatment of anthrax meningitis, based on the pathogenicity of B anthracis, the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of individual antimicrobial agents, studies of anthrax post-exposure prophylaxis in non-human primates, experience with antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the 2001 outbreak strain, and the clinical experience with inhalational anthrax cases during the 2001 outbreak is presented. These outbreak data, the failure of previous single-drug regimens, the concerns of resistance, and the need for coverage for other causes of bacterial mengingitis suggest initial treatment of suspected anthrax meningitis should anchor on an intravenous fluoroquinolone and should include one or two other agents with activity against B anthracis and good penetration into the central nervous system. Such other agents include penicillin, ampicillin, meropenem, vancomycin, and rifampicin. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zea3@cdc.gov RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 66 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 5 IS 5 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70113-4 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 921FV UT WOS:000228750500025 PM 15854884 ER PT J AU Cano, MV Perz, JF Craig, AS Liu, M Lyon, GM Brandt, ME Lott, TJ Lasker, BA Barrett, FF McNeil, MM Schaffner, W Hajjeh, RA AF Cano, MV Perz, JF Craig, AS Liu, M Lyon, GM Brandt, ME Lott, TJ Lasker, BA Barrett, FF McNeil, MM Schaffner, W Hajjeh, RA TI Candidemia in pediatric outpatients receiving home total parenteral nutrition SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE candidemia; outpatient; risk factors; total parenteral nutrition ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; INFUSION THERAPY; PARAPSILOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; FUNGEMIA; CHILDREN AB This is a cohort study of pediatric outpatients receiving total parenteral nutrition ( TPN) and follow-up care in a Tennessee hospital between January and June 1999. The study was conducted following an increase in the incidence of candidemia. Of 13 children receiving home TPN, five had candidemia; three were due to Candida parapsilosis. Case patients were more likely to have an underlying hematologic disease ( P = 0.02) as well as previous history of fungemia ( P = 0.02). Two case patients had successive candidemia episodes 3 months apart; karyotypes and RAPD profiles of each patient's successive C. parapsilosis isolates were similar. Candida spp. were frequently detected in hand cultures from cohort members ( four of 10) and family member caregivers ( nine of 11); C. parapsilosis was isolated from five caregivers. Our findings underscore the challenges of maintaining stringent infection control practices in the home health care setting and suggest the need for more intensive follow-up and coordination of home TPN therapy among pediatric patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. RP Cano, MV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Mailstop E03,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mcano@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 219 EP 225 DI 10.1080/13693780410001731592 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 938HT UT WOS:000229991200003 PM 16010848 ER PT J AU Hinrikson, HP Hurst, SF De Aguirre, L Morrison, CJ AF Hinrikson, HP Hurst, SF De Aguirre, L Morrison, CJ TI Molecular methods for the identification of Aspergillus species SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances Against Aspergillosis Conference CY SEP 09-11, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA DE Aspergillus species; DNA sequencing; internal transcribed spacer; molecular identification; PCR; rRNA; rDNA ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGIONS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS SYSTEM; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; EVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS; FUSARIUM-SPOROTRICHIOIDES; FILAMENTOUS FUNGI; PARTIAL SEQUENCES; AMPHOTERICIN-B; TERREUS AB Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. In some institutions, species of Aspergillus less susceptible to amphotericin B than Aspergillus fumigatus are becoming more common, making an accurate identification of species important. However, species identification has traditionally relied on macroscopic colony characteristics and microscopic morphology, which may require several days of culture. Additional sub-culturing on specialized media may be required to induce conidia formation; in some cases conidia may never form, confounding identification. Therefore, rapid, nucleic acid-based methods that identify species of Aspergillus independent of morphology are now being developed to augment or replace phenotypic identification methods. The most successful methods to date have employed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of target sequences within the ribosomal RNA gene complex, including the 28S ribosomal subunit (D1-D2 region) and the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2 regions). We therefore developed a PCR-based assay to differentiate medically important species of Aspergillus from one another, and from other opportunistic moulds and yeasts, by employing universal, pan-fungal primers directed to conserved ribosomal genes and species-specific DNA probes directed to the highly variable ITS2 region. Amplicons were then detected in a simple, colorimetric enzyme immunoassay format (PCR-EIA). DNA sequencing of the ITS1 and ITS2 regions and of the D1-D2 region was also conducted for the differentiation of species by comparative GenBank sequence analysis. The PCR-EIA method was found to be rapid, sensitive, and specific for the identification and differentiation of the most medically important species of Aspergillus. In addition, methods to identify species of Aspergillus by comparative GenBank sequence analysis were found to be more reliable using the ITS1 and ITS2 regions than the D1-D2 region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CHU Vaudois, Inst Microbiol, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland. RP Morrison, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cjm3@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 SU 1 BP S129 EP S137 DI 10.1080/13693780500064722 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 950YW UT WOS:000230896300023 PM 16110805 ER PT J AU Morgan, J Wannemuehler, KA Marr, KA Hadley, S Kontoyiannis, DP Walsh, TJ Fridkin, SK Pappas, PG Warnock, DW AF Morgan, J Wannemuehler, KA Marr, KA Hadley, S Kontoyiannis, DP Walsh, TJ Fridkin, SK Pappas, PG Warnock, DW TI Incidence of invasive aspergillosis following hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation: interim results of a prospective multicenter surveillance program SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Advances Against Aspergillosis Conference CY SEP 09-11, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA DE aspergillosis; incidence; surveillance; transplantation ID FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; MOLD INFECTIONS; AMPHOTERICIN-B; RECIPIENTS; TERREUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMPLICATIONS AB The incidence of invasive aspergillosis was estimated among 4621 hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT) and 4110 solid organ transplants (SOT) at 19 sites dispersed throughout the United States, during a 22 month period from I March 2001 through 31 December 2002. Cases were identified using the consensus definitions for proven and probable infection developed by the Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer and the Mycoses Study Group of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. The cumulative incidence (CI) of aspergillosis was calculated for the first episode of the infection that occurred within the specified time period after transplantation. To obtain an aggregate CI for each type of transplant, data from participating sites were weighted according to the proportion of transplants followed-up for specified time periods (four and 12 months for HSCT; six and 12 months for SOT). The aggregate CI of aspergillosis at 12 months was 0.5% after autologous HSCT, 2.3% after allogeneic HSCT from an HLA-matched related donor, 3.2% after transplantation from an HLA-mismatched related donor, and 3.9% after transplantation from an unrelated donor. The aggregate Cl at 12 months was similar following myeloablative or non-myeloablative conditioning before allogeneic HSCT (3.1 vs. 3.3%). After HSCT, mortality at 3 months following diagnosis of aspergillosis ranged from 53.8% of autologous transplants to 84.6% of unrelated-donor transplants. The aggregate CI of aspergillosis at 12 months was 2.4% after lung transplantation, 0.8% after heart transplantation, 0.3% after liver transplantation, and 0.1% after kidney transplantation. After SOT, mortality at three months after diagnosis of aspergillosis ranged from 20% for lung transplants to 66.7% for heart and kidney transplants. The Aspergillus spp. associated with infections after HSCT included A. fumigatus (56%), A. flavus (18.7%), A. terreus (16%), A. niger (8%), and A. versicolor (1.3%). Those associated with infections after SOT included A. fumigatus (76.4%), A. flavus (11.8%), and A. terreus (11.8%). In conclusion, we found that invasive aspergillosis is an uncommon complication of HSCT and SOT, but one that continues to be associated with poor outcomes. Our CI figures are lower compared to those of previous reports. The reasons for this are unclear, but may be related to changes in transplantation practices, diagnostic methods, and supportive care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Tufts New England Med Ctr, Boston, MA USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Warnock, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM DWarnock@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 209 Z9 222 U1 1 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 SU 1 BP S49 EP S58 DI 10.1080/13693780400020113 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 950YW UT WOS:000230896300010 PM 16110792 ER PT J AU Van Coevering, P Harnack, L Schmitz, K Fulton, JE Galuska, DA Gao, SJ AF Van Coevering, P Harnack, L Schmitz, K Fulton, JE Galuska, DA Gao, SJ TI Feasibility of using accelerometers to measure physical activity in young adolescents SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE teen; exercise; youth; activity monitors; compliance ID CHILDREN; QUESTIONNAIRE; VALIDATION; YOUTH; VALIDITY; BEHAVIOR; FITNESS; RECALL; ADULTS AB Purpose: Accelerometers may provide valid measures of physical activity, but the feasibility of using accelerometers with large groups of children is unknown. We assessed feasibility in the Eating and Activity Survey Trial (Project EAST), a study designed to develop valid tools to assess eating and physical activity patterns among middle school children. Methods: Two hundred eighty-two Project EAST participants in grades 6-8 wore an accelerometer (Manufacturing Technologies, Inc., Fort Walton Beach. FL) for seven consecutive days. Multiple strategies were employed to encourage compliance and return of the accelerometer: 1) staff demonstrated how to wear the device properly; 2) students were given written and verbal instructions; 3) staff visited the students twice during 7 d to remind them to wear the devices and return them on time; and 4) movie tickets were given to students who returned the accelerometers on time. Results: Data from 27 accelerometers were lost as a result of mechanical and nontechnical problems, resulting in unusable data for 8.5% of students. Days of data for the remaining 255 students were considered incomplete if the accelerometer registered less than three consecutive waking hours of zero counts. The percentage of students with complete accelerometer data for 3-7 d of data were &GE; 3 d, 92%; &GE; 4 d, 86%: &GE; 5 d, 75%; &GE; 6 d, 67%; and 7 d, 50%. Twenty-eight students (10%) returned their accelerometers late. Overweight children were significantly more likely to have 7 d of complete data than nonoverweight children. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that accelerometers are acceptable to most students. However, researchers working with middle school students should carefully monitor compliance to ensure that devices are worn properly and regularly. C1 Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Van Coevering, P (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM vancoevering@epi.umn.edu RI Schmitz, Kathryn/B-7154-2011; Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012 OI Schmoelz, Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954 NR 17 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 IS 5 BP 867 EP 871 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000162694.66799.FE PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 924GG UT WOS:000228966400023 PM 15870643 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, B Sallis, JF Jones, DA Reis, J Addy, CL Macera, CA Kohl, BW AF Ainsworth, Barbara Sallis, James F. Jones, Deborah A. Reis, Jared Addy, Cheryl L. Macera, Caroline A. Kohl, Bill W. TI Associations Between Neighborhood Environment Characteristics And Physical Activity: Results From A U.s. National Survey SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ainsworth, Barbara; Sallis, James F.; Reis, Jared; Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Jones, Deborah A.; Kohl, Bill W.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Addy, Cheryl L.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1025 BP S197 EP S198 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070301259 ER PT J AU Bowles, HR Jones, DA Ainsworth, BE Macera, CA Kohl, HW AF Bowles, Heather R. Jones, Deborah A. Ainsworth, Barbara E. Macera, Caroline A. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Obesity Prevalence In Physically Active And Inactive Adults By Sex, Race, Education, And Age SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bowles, Heather R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Jones, Deborah A.; Kohl, Harold W., III] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Ainsworth, Barbara E.; Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM hrbowles@sc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 2475 BP S474 EP S474 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-02475 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302742 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Galuska, DA Zhang, J Lowry, R Fulton, JE Maynard, LM Eaton, D AF Brown, David R. Galuska, Deborah A. Zhang, Jian Lowry, Richard Fulton, Janet E. Maynard, L. Michele Eaton, Danice TI Physical Activity, Sports Participation And Suicidal Behavior: U. S. High School Students SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Brown, David R.; Galuska, Deborah A.; Zhang, Jian; Lowry, Richard; Fulton, Janet E.; Maynard, L. Michele; Eaton, Danice] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM DBrown@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 941 BP S181 EP S181 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00939 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070301192 ER PT J AU Carlson, SA Powell, KE Macera, CA Heath, GW Kohl, HW AF Carlson, Susan A. Powell, Kenneth E. Macera, Carol A. Heath, Greg W. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Self-reported Injury And Physical Activity Levels: United States 2000-2002 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Carlson, Susan A.; Heath, Greg W.; Kohl, Harold W., III] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Powell, Kenneth E.] Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. [Macera, Carol A.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM scarlson1@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 100 BP S13 EP S13 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00099 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070300039 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Yore, MM Kohl, HW Caspersen, CJ AF Fulton, Janet E. Yore, Michelle M. Kohl, Harold W., III Caspersen, Carl J. TI Physical Activity Levels Among United States Youth Aged 12-18 Years, 1999-2000 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fulton, Janet E.; Yore, Michelle M.; Kohl, Harold W., III; Caspersen, Carl J.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM JFulton@cdc.gov RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1694 BP S327 EP S328 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302188 ER PT J AU Grubb, JR Pratt, M Lankenau, B AF Grubb, Jennifer R. Pratt, Michael Lankenau, Becky TI Assessment Of International Centers For Physical Activity Research And Practice SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Grubb, Jennifer R.] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Pratt, Michael; Lankenau, Becky] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM grubbjr@mailbox.sc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1672 BP S322 EP S322 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-01668 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302166 ER PT J AU Ham, SA Yore, MM Kruger, J Kohl, B AF Ham, Sandra A. Yore, Michelle M. Kruger, Judy Kohl, Bill TI Patterns of Insufficient Physical Activity in US Adults, 2003 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ham, Sandra A.; Yore, Michelle M.; Kruger, Judy; Kohl, Bill] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1698 BP S328 EP S329 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302192 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Shih, M Brady, TJ AF Hootman, Jennifer M. Shih, Margaret Brady, Teresa J. TI National Rates Of Provider Advice For Exercise And Weight Loss Among Adults With Arthritis SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hootman, Jennifer M.; Shih, Margaret; Brady, Teresa J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jhootman@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1296 BP S251 EP S251 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-01293 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070301473 ER PT J AU Librett, J Yore, MM Schmid, TL Kohl, HW AF Librett, John Yore, Michelle M. Schmid, Thomas L. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Self-selection Bias: Do Physical Activity Levels Predict Demand For Activity Friendly Communities SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Librett, John; Yore, Michelle M.; Schmid, Thomas L.; Kohl, Harold W., III] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jlibrett@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1706 BP S330 EP S330 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-01702 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302200 ER PT J AU Lobelo, RLF Gomez, LF Sarmiento, OL Parra, D Anchique, CV Duperly, J AF Lobelo, R. L. Felipe Gomez, Luis F. Sarmiento, Olga L. Parra, Diana Anchique, Claudia V. Duperly, John TI Physical Activity Levels And BMI Status Among Colombian Physicians Attending The National Cardiology Meeting: Are They Good Role Models ? SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lobelo, R. L. Felipe] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Gomez, Luis F.] FES, Bogota, Colombia. [Sarmiento, Olga L.; Duperly, John] Univ Los Andes, Sch Med, Bogota, Colombia. [Parra, Diana] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Anchique, Claudia V.] Soc Colombiana Cardiol, Comite Prevenc, Bogota, Colombia. EM lobelo@mailbox.sc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 2473 BP S473 EP S473 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302740 ER PT J AU Marshall, S Jones, DA Ainsworth, BE Reis, JP Levy, S Macera, CA Kohl, HW AF Marshall, Simon Jones, Deborah A. Ainsworth, Barbara E. Reis, Jared P. Levy, Susan Macera, Caroline A. Kohl, Harold W., III TI Race/ethnicity And Leisure Time Physical Inactivity: Moderating Effects Of Social Class And Occupational Physical Activity SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marshall, Simon; Ainsworth, Barbara E.; Reis, Jared P.; Levy, Susan; Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [Jones, Deborah A.; Kohl, Harold W., III] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM smarshal@mail.sdsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1693 BP S327 EP S327 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-01689 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302187 ER PT J AU Reis, JP DuBose, KD Ainsworth, BE Macera, CA Yore, MM Jones, DA AF Reis, Jared P. DuBose, Katrina D. Ainsworth, Barbara E. Macera, Caroline A. Yore, Michelle M. Jones, Deborah A. TI Test-retest Reliability And Validity Of The Occupational Physical Activity Questionnaire SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reis, Jared P.; Ainsworth, Barbara E.; Macera, Caroline A.] San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. [DuBose, Katrina D.] Univ Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Yore, Michelle M.; Jones, Deborah A.] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. EM jaredreis@hotmail.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 575 BP S110 EP S111 PG 2 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070300438 ER PT J AU Sapkota, S Ham, SA Carlson, SA Kohl, HW AF Sapkota, Sanjeeb Ham, Sandra A. Carlson, Susan A. Kohl, Harold W. TI Physical Inactivity Among Adults With Chronic Diseases That Are Leading Causes Of Mortality In United States 1998-2002 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sapkota, Sanjeeb; Ham, Sandra A.; Carlson, Susan A.; Kohl, Harold W.] CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM auu6@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1689 BP S326 EP S326 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-01685 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070302183 ER PT J AU Thompson, DT Blanck, HM Fulton, JE Huhman, M AF Thompson, Danielle T. Blanck, Heidi M. Fulton, Janet E. Huhman, Marian TI Child And Parental Characteristics Associated With Youth Television Viewing In A National Sample Of Girls And Boys SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Thompson, Danielle T.] Emory Univ, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Blanck, Heidi M.; Fulton, Janet E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. [Huhman, Marian] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. EM dthompson2@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 367 BP S63 EP S63 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-00366 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070300237 ER PT J AU Wilcox, S Buchner, D Dowda, M Dunn, A Estabrooks, P Griffin, S King, AC Leviton, L Ory, M Rheaume, C AF Wilcox, Sara Buchner, David Dowda, Marsha Dunn, Andrea Estabrooks, Paul Griffin, Sarah King, Abby C. Leviton, Laura Ory, Marcia Rheaume, Carol TI Active For Life (R): Results Of The Pilot Year Outcome Evaluation SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wilcox, Sara; Dowda, Marsha; Griffin, Sarah; Rheaume, Carol] Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Buchner, David] US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Dunn, Andrea] Cooper Inst, Golden, CO USA. [Estabrooks, Paul] Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO USA. [King, Abby C.] Stanford Prevent Res Ctr, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Leviton, Laura] Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Ory, Marcia] Texas A&M Univ Syst, College Stn, TX USA. EM swilcox@sc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 37 SU 5 MA 1325 BP S258 EP S258 DI 10.1097/00005768-200505001-01322 PG 1 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA V19KC UT WOS:000208070301502 ER PT J AU Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP TI Depression, cytokines, and glial function SO METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL LA English DT Article ID RECURRENT MAJOR DEPRESSION; ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; BIPOLAR DISORDER; MOOD DISORDERS; HIPPOCAMPAL VOLUME; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; SICKNESS BEHAVIOR; FRONTAL-CORTEX; SCHIZOPHRENIA AB It has been known for some time that cytokines made and released during systemic illness can result in a constellation of symptoms strikingly similar to those observed in depression. The overlap of the symptoms of depression and systemic illness raises the intriguing possibility that cytokines may be involved in the development and maintenance of mood disorders. Cytokines are small ubiquitous pleiotropic molecules that are made and released in response to a variety of stimuli. They have a multitude of actions throughout the body, including actions on the central and peripheral nervous systems. Alterations in the levels of circulating cytokines, especially the key proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha, have been linked to a variety of disease states including those involving central nervous system depression. In this brief review, epidemiological and clinical data on depression, as well as findings from relevant animal models, are examined for links between cytokine expression and depression. We suggest that glial cells, both as a source and target of cytokines, represent the overlooked targets involved in the etiology of depression. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Stress & Neurotoxicol Lab, TMBB HELD, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Miller, DB (reprint author), NIOSH, Stress & Neurotoxicol Lab, TMBB HELD, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM dum6@cdc.gov RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 66 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0026-0495 J9 METABOLISM JI Metab.-Clin. Exp. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 54 IS 5 SU 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.metabol.2005.01.011 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 927VJ UT WOS:000229228300009 PM 15877311 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Khan, AK Serdula, MK Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, DS Khan, AK Serdula, MK Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS TI Racial differences in tracking of childhood BML to adulthood SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adiposity; longitudinal; blacks; adolescents; overweight ID BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; WEIGHT CHANGE; NHLBI GROWTH; WHITE GIRLS; FOLLOW-UP; OBESITY; HEALTH; OVERWEIGHT AB Objective: The possibility that there are racial differences in the patterns of BMI (kilograms per meter squared) change throughout life has not been examined. For example, the high prevalence of obesity among black women could result from a higher prevalence of obesity among black girls or because normal-weight black girls experience larger BMI increases in adolescence or adulthood than do their white counterparts. Therefore, we examined the tracking of childhood BMI into adulthood in a biracial (36% black) sample. Research Methods and Procedures: Five- to 14-year-old children (2392) were followed for (mean) 17 years. Childhood overweight was defined as BMI >= 95th percentile, and adult obesity was defined as BMI >= 30 kg/m(2). Results: The tracking of childhood BMI differed between whites and blacks. Among overweight children, 65% of white girls vs. 84% of black girls became obese adults, and predictive values among boys were 71% (whites) vs. 82% (blacks). These racial differences reflected contrasting patterns in the rate of BMI change. although the initial BMI of black children was not higher than that of white children, BMI increases with age were larger among black girls and overweight black boys than among their white counterparts. In contrast, relatively thin (BMI < 50th percentile) white boys were more likely to become overweight adults than were their black counterparts. Discussion: These findings emphasize the black/white differences in BMI changes with age. Because of the adult health consequences of childhood- onset obesity, early prevention should be given additional emphasis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DFreedman@CDC.gov FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL38844]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD32194] NR 41 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 11 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 13 IS 5 BP 928 EP 935 DI 10.1038/oby.2005.107 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 932DH UT WOS:000229533900018 PM 15919847 ER PT J AU Van den Eeden, SK Shan, J Bruce, C Glasser, M AF Van den Eeden, SK Shan, J Bruce, C Glasser, M TI Ectopic pregnancy rate and treatment utilization in a large managed care organization SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TUBAL PREGNANCY; DIAGNOSIS; TRENDS; FRANCE AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate die ectopic pregnancy rate at Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, during 1997-2000. METHODS: Computerized data systems covering inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy records were reviewed for evidence of ectopic pregnancies during the study period. Denominator data were calculated from computerized utilization and membership data for the same period. RESULTS: We identified 2,617 ectopic pregnancies that occurred between 1997 and 2000 among 126,451 reported pregnancies for an annual rate of 20.70 per 1,000 reported pregnancies and 1.03 per 1,000 women 15-44 years old. There was no evidence of a trend over time in these data. The rate increased with increasing age. Approximately 35% of these women were medically treated, and we observed an increase over time in the proportion of women who were medically treated. CONCLUSION: Using computerized data systems in a large integrated health delivery system, we found that the rate of ectopic pregnancy in 1997-2000 was similar to the national rate in 1990 -1992, when national data were last available. These data suggest that the ectopic pregnancy rate is not increasing, although differences in the study populations need to be kept in mind. Medical treatment seems to be increasing over time. (Obstet Gynecol 2005;105:1052-7. (c) 2005 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists). C1 Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser San Rafael Med Ctr, San Rafael, CA USA. RP Van den Eeden, SK (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. EM skv@dor.kaiser.org FU PHS HHS [09530-015] NR 22 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 105 IS 5 BP 1052 EP 1057 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000158860.26939.2d PN 1 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 920FG UT WOS:000228674200019 PM 15863544 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ AF Khoury, MJ TI The integration of genomics into paediatric and perinatal epidemiology: guidelines for submitting human genome epidemiology (HuGE) reviews SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PREVENTION; BIRTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Khoury, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop E89, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mkhoury@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 178 EP 180 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00654.x PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 921EB UT WOS:000228745900001 PM 15860076 ER PT J AU MacKay, AP Berg, CJ Duran, C Chang, JN Rosenberg, H AF MacKay, AP Berg, CJ Duran, C Chang, JN Rosenberg, H TI An assessment of pregnancy-related mortality in the United States SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL MORTALITY AB Deaths from pregnancy complications remain an important public health concern. Nationally, two systems collect information on the number of deaths and characteristics of the women who died from complications of pregnancy. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reports maternal mortality through the National Vital Statistics System (NVSS); CDC National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion's Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System (PMSS) conducts epidemiological surveillance of pregnancy-related deaths. The numbers of deaths reported by these two systems have differed over the past two decades; our objective was to determine the magnitude and nature of these differences. For 1995-97, we compared maternal deaths in the NVSS with pregnancy-related deaths in PMSS for the 50 States, Washington DC and New York City. Pregnancy-related deaths whose underlying cause was assigned to ICD-9 codes 630-676 by NVSS were classified as maternal deaths; those coded outside 630-676 were not. There were 1387 pregnancy-related deaths in PMSS and 898 maternal deaths in the NVSS; 54% of these deaths were reported in both systems, 40% in PMSS only, and 6% in NVSS only. Pregnancy-related deaths due to haemorrhage, embolism, and hypertensive complications of pregnancy were proportionately more often identified by NVSS as maternal deaths than those from cardiovascular complications, medical conditions or infection. From the 1471 unduplicated deaths classified as maternal or pregnancy-related from either reporting system, we estimated a combined pregnancy-related mortality ratio of 12.6/100 000 live births for 1995-97, compared with 11.9 for PMSS only and 7.5 for NVSS only. The identification and classification of these events is dependent on the provision of complete and accurate cause-of-death information on death certificates. Changes in the guidelines for coding maternal deaths under ICD-10 may change the relationship in the number of deaths resulting from pregnancy reported by these two systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP MacKay, AP (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, 3311 Toledo Rd,RM 6121, Hyattsville, MD 20872 USA. EM anm3@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2005.00653.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 921EB UT WOS:000228745900004 PM 15860079 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Curns, AT Belay, ED Steiner, CA Effler, PV Yorita, KL Miyamura, J Forbes, S Schonberger, LB Melish, M AF Holman, RC Curns, AT Belay, ED Steiner, CA Effler, PV Yorita, KL Miyamura, J Forbes, S Schonberger, LB Melish, M TI Kawasaki syndrome in Hawaii SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Kawasaki Disease Symposium CY FEB, 2005 CL San Diego, CA DE Kawasaki syndrome; hospitalizations; epidemiology; children; infants; Hawaii ID LYMPH-NODE SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; SYNDROME HOSPITALIZATIONS; DISEASE; CHILDREN; JAPAN; RISK AB Objective: To describe the incidence and epidemiology of Kawasaki syndrome (KS) in Hawaii. Methods: Retrospective analysis of the State Inpatient Database for Hawaii residents hospitalized with KS during 1996 through 2001. Results: During 1996 through 2001, 267 persons younger than 18 years of age living in Hawaii were hospitalized with KS; 226 (84.6%) were younger than 5 years of age. The average annual incidence for KS was 45.2 per 100,000 children younger than 5 years of age. The incidence was higher for children younger than 1 year of age than for those 1-4 years of age (74.3 and 37.5 per 100,000). The KS incidence for Asian and Pacific Islander children and for White children was 70.9 and 35.3 per 100,000, respectively. Incidence was highest among Japanese American children living in Hawaii (197.7 per 100,000). Honolulu County had the most KS patients (85.0%) and the highest incidence (53.1 per 100,000) among Hawaii counties. For children younger than 5 years of age hospitalized with KS, the median length of stay was 2 days, and the median hospital charge was $9379. Conclusion: During 1996 through 2001, the annual incidence rate for KS among children younger than 5 years of age in Hawaii was the highest in the United States. The incidence among Japanese American children in Hawaii was higher than that among other racial groups in the state and when compared with children living in Japan. C1 CDCP, US Dept HHS, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept HHS, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Delivery Org & Markets, Healthcare Cost & Utilizat Project, Rockville, MD USA. Hawaii Hlth Informat Corp, Hawaii Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI USA. Kapiolani Med Ctr Women & Children, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), CDCP, US Dept HHS, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 36 TC 47 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 429 EP 433 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000160946.05295.91 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 927UQ UT WOS:000229226400006 PM 15876942 ER PT J AU Hammitt, LL Block, S Hennessy, TW DeByle, C Peters, H Parkinson, A Singleton, R Butler, JC AF Hammitt, LL Block, S Hennessy, TW DeByle, C Peters, H Parkinson, A Singleton, R Butler, JC TI Outbreak of invasive Haemophilus influenzae serotype a disease SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Haemophilus influenzae; serotype replacement; colonization; Alaska native ID VACCINE ERA; B DISEASE; VIRULENCE; PREVENTION; EMERGENCE; MUTATION; IMPACT AB Haemophilus influenzae serotype a is a rare cause of invasive disease. We report 5 cases of invasive H. influenzae type a that occurred in 3 infants living in a remote region of Alaska during the last 6 months of 2003. H. influenzae type a isolates from this outbreak were closely related as determined by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Continued surveillance is necessary to monitor trends in H. influenzae invasive disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, AIP, CDC, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Yukon Kuskokwin Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA. RP Hennessy, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, AIP, CDC, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM tbh0@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 453 EP 456 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000160954.90881.29 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 927UQ UT WOS:000229226400011 PM 15876947 ER PT J AU Shepard, CW Ortega-Sanchez, IR Scott, RD Rosenstein, NE AF Shepard, CW Ortega-Sanchez, IR Scott, RD Rosenstein, NE CA ABCs Team TI Cost-effectiveness of conjugate meningococcal vaccination strategies in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE meningococcal vaccines; cost-benefit analysis; United States ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; ECONOMIC-ANALYSIS; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; COCHLEAR IMPLANT; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; LIMB SALVAGE; DISEASE; CHILDREN; ENGLAND; COMPLICATIONS AB Context. The US Food and Drug Administration approved a meningococcal conjugate A/C/Y/W-135 vaccine (MCV-4) for use in persons aged 11 to 55 years in January, 2005; licensure for use in younger age groups is expected in 2 to 4 years. Objective. To evaluate and compare the projected health and economic impact of MCV-4 vaccination of US adolescents, toddlers, and infants. Design. Cost-effectiveness analysis from a societal perspective based on data from Active Bacterial Core Surveillance (ABCs) and other published and unpublished sources. Sensitivity analyses in which key input measures were varied over plausible ranges were performed. Setting and Patients. A hypothetical 2003 US population cohort of children 11 years of age and a 2003 US birth cohort. Interventions. Hypothetical routine vaccination of adolescents ( 1 dose at 11 years of age), toddlers ( 1 dose at 1 year of age), and infants ( 3 doses at 2, 4, and 6 months of age). Each vaccination scenario was compared with a "no-vaccination" scenario. Main Outcome Measures. Meningococcal cases and deaths prevented, cost per case prevented, cost per life-year saved, and cost per quality-adjusted life-year saved. Results. Routine MCV-4 vaccination of US adolescents ( 11 years of age) would prevent 270 meningococcal cases and 36 deaths in the vaccinated cohort over 22 years, a decrease of 46% in the expected burden of disease. Before program costs are counted, adolescent vaccination would reduce direct disease costs by $18 million and decrease productivity losses by $50 million. At a cost per vaccination ( average public-private price per dose plus administration fees) of $82.50, adolescent vaccination would cost society $633 000 per meningococcal case prevented and $121 000 per life-year saved. Key variables influencing results were disease incidence, case-fatality ratio, and cost per vaccination. The cost-effectiveness of toddler vaccination is essentially equivalent to adolescent vaccination, whereas infant vaccination would be much less cost-effective. Conclusions. Routine MCV-4 vaccination of US children would reduce the burden of disease in vaccinated cohorts but at a relatively high net societal cost. The projected cost-effectiveness of adolescent vaccination approaches that of recently adopted childhood vaccines under conditions of above-average meningococcal disease incidence or at a lower cost per vaccination. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shepard, CW (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cvs8@cdc.gov NR 64 TC 86 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2005 VL 115 IS 5 BP 1220 EP 1232 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2514 PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 922JM UT WOS:000228833500019 PM 15867028 ER PT J AU Akinbami, LJ Rhodes, JC Lara, M AF Akinbami, LJ Rhodes, JC Lara, M TI Racial and ethnic differences in asthma diagnosis among children who wheeze SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE asthma; ethnic disparity; prevalence; racial differences; wheezing ID CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; UNITED-STATES; UNDIAGNOSED ASTHMA; PERSISTENT WHEEZE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; HEALTH-SERVICES; PUERTO-RICAN; SOCIAL-CLASS; PREVALENCE; RACE AB Background. Racial and ethnic disparities exist in reported childhood asthma prevalence, but it is unclear if disparities stem from true prevalence differences or a different likelihood of receiving a diagnosis from a health professional. Concern has been raised that asthma may be underdiagnosed, particularly among minority children who have more restricted access to high-quality health care. Objective. To examine racial/ethnic differences among currently symptomatic children in acquiring an asthma diagnosis to determine if relative underdiagnosis among minorities exists. Children for whom no symptoms were reported ( a group that includes those with well-controlled symptoms) were excluded from the analysis. Methods. The 1999 National Health Interview Survey includes a nationally representative sample of children with reported wheezing symptoms. We included children 3 to 17 years old in the study and analyzed racial/ ethnic differences in asthma diagnosis, controlling for young age, gender, parental education, single-parent household, central-city residence, region of residence, health insurance, having a usual place of care, and parent-reported severity of wheezing symptoms. Results. Among those reported to have wheezed in the past year ( n = 946), 83% of Puerto Rican, 71% of non-Hispanic black, and 65% of Mexican children were diagnosed with asthma compared with 57% of non-Hispanic white children. Using non-Hispanic white children as the reference group, the approximate adjusted relative risk for physician diagnosis of asthma given wheezing in the past year was 1.43 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04, 1.63) for Puerto Rican, 1.22 ( 95% CI: 1.03, 1.37) for non-Hispanic black, and 1.19 ( 95% CI: 0.94, 1.39) for Mexican children. Minority children were reported to have greater severity of wheezing symptoms. Even after accounting for this increased severity, children in racial and ethnic minority groups were as or more likely to have a reported asthma diagnosis than non-Hispanic white children. Conclusions. Our findings do not provide evidence for the hypothesis that symptomatic minority children are underdiagnosed with asthma compared with non-Hispanic white children. To the contrary, among currently symptomatic children, minority children were more likely to be diagnosed than non-Hispanic white children even after accounting for the higher wheezing severity among minority children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Infant Child & Womens Hlth Studies Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Pediat & Rand Hlth, Rand Program Latino Children Asthma, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Akinbami, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Infant Child & Womens Hlth Studies Branch, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6117, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM lea8@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2005 VL 115 IS 5 BP 1254 EP 1260 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0897 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 922JM UT WOS:000228833500023 PM 15867032 ER PT J AU Batton, DG Blackmon, LR Adamkin, DH Bell, EF Denson, SE Engle, WA Martin, GI Stark, AR Barrington, KJ Raju, TNK Riley, L Tomashek, KM Wallman, C Couto, J AF Batton, DG Blackmon, LR Adamkin, DH Bell, EF Denson, SE Engle, WA Martin, GI Stark, AR Barrington, KJ Raju, TNK Riley, L Tomashek, KM Wallman, C Couto, J CA Comm Fetus Newborn 2004-2005 TI Underwater births SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; NEAR-DROWNING EXPERIENCE; WATER BIRTH; FIRST STAGE; LABOR; IMMERSION; BABIES C1 William Beaumont Hosp, Dept Pediat, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Louisville, Dept Pediat, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. Univ Iowa, Dept Pediat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Pediat Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Indiana Univ, Med Ctr, James Whitcomb Riley Hosp Children, Dept Pediat, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Citrus Valley Med Ctr, W Covina, CA 91790 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Neonatol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Royal Victoria Hosp, Dept Neonatol, Montreal, PQ H3A 1A1, Canada. NICHHD, Pregnancy & Perinatol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20847 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Assoc Neonatal Nurses, Wellington, CO 80549 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Div Hosp & Surg Serv, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. RP Batton, DG (reprint author), William Beaumont Hosp, Dept Pediat, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. EM dgbatton@beaumont.edu OI Barrington, Keith/0000-0001-9669-5094 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2005 VL 115 IS 5 BP 1413 EP 1414 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1738 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 922JM UT WOS:000228833500045 PM 15867054 ER PT J AU Li, RW Grummer-Strawn, L AF Li, RW Grummer-Strawn, L TI More about the Ross Mothers Survey - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAY PY 2005 VL 115 IS 5 BP 1451 EP 1451 DI 10.1542/peds.2005-0488 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 922JM UT WOS:000228833500074 ER PT J AU Flores, AE Albeldano-Vazquez, W Salas, IF Badii, MH Becerra, HL Garcia, GP Fuentes, SL Brogdon, WG Black, WC Beaty, B AF Flores, AE Albeldano-Vazquez, W Salas, IF Badii, MH Becerra, HL Garcia, GP Fuentes, SL Brogdon, WG Black, WC Beaty, B TI Elevated alpha-esterase levels associated with permethrin tolerance in Aedes aegypti (L.) from Baja California, Mexico SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aedes aegypti; resistance; esterases; permethrin ID GUATEMALAN ANOPHELES-ALBIMANUS; PYRETHROID RESISTANCE; CROSS-RESISTANCE; CULICIDAE; SELECTION; DIPTERA; CUBA AB A discriminating dose for permethrin for Aedes aegypti from Baja California, Mexico was determined, and was used to select individuals. Mosquitoes were collected from four different municipalities located in the north and south end of the Baja California Peninsula. Individuals were chosen for further study based on their similar response to the insecticide. We exposed 10 groups of 90 Ae. aegypti females to the discriminating dose (172 mu g/ml) and after producing 50% mortality, individuals were divided into two categories: killed and survivors. Each of these groups was dissected to separate the head, thorax, and abdomen. Biochemical tests were performed on the head and thorax to determine resistance-related enzyme activities including: alpha- and beta-esterases, glutathione S-transferase, acetyl cholinesterase, insensitive acetyl cholinesterase, and mixed-function oxidases. The results were compared with those for the susceptible New Orleans strain of Ae. aegypti. All the populations studied showed the consistent presence of alpha-esterases, with elevated levels in permethrin-selected populations. Although beta-esterases and GST levels were present in high proportions, they did not reveal a clear pattern in relation to resistance. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Autonoma Neuvo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Lab Entomol Med, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. NCID, DPD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, AIDL, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Flores, AE (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Neuvo Leon, Fac Ciencias Biol, Lab Entomol Med, San Nicolas De Los Garza 66450, NL, Mexico. EM adrflores@fcb.uanl.mx RI Lozano-Fuentes, Saul/H-4324-2011; Flores, Adriana/J-1820-2012; OI Lozano-Fuentes, Saul/0000-0003-1517-6853; Flores, Adriana E./0000-0001-8554-8865 NR 16 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 82 IS 1 BP 66 EP 78 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2004.12.007 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 918RF UT WOS:000228564600008 ER PT J AU Sullivan, PS Karon, JM Malitz, FE Broyles, S Mokotoff, ED Buskin, SE Fleming, PL AF Sullivan, PS Karon, JM Malitz, FE Broyles, S Mokotoff, ED Buskin, SE Fleming, PL TI A two-stage sampling method for clinical surveillance of individuals in care for HIV infection in the United States SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL PROBABILITY SAMPLES; LOW-PREVALENCE DISEASES; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SERVICES UTILIZATION; AIDS DIAGNOSIS; ADULTS; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; ADOLESCENTS; SURVIVAL; COST AB Objectives. The goals of this study were two-fold: (1) to describe methods for drawing a population-based sample of individuals in care for HIV infection and (2) to compare data from the sample with data from existing surveillance systems that describe care for HIV. Methods. The authors implemented a two-stage sampling method, using local HIV/AIDS surveillance data as a sampling frame of HIV care providers in three states. At selected providers, medical records of a random sample of patients were abstracted. Results. The medical records of a number of patients, ranging from 253 to 374 individuals per state, were abstracted. The demographics of sampled individuals and of individuals reported to the local HIV/AIDS surveillance program were similar; however, differences existed in the proportion of individuals receiving HIV care consistent with treatment guidelines between the sample and a contemporary facility-based supplemental surveillance project. The median design effect for outcomes collected in the sample was 1.8 (range=0.5-29.6). Conclusions. This survey method is feasible for collecting population-based data on patients in care for HIV Sample size and some design elements should be changed in future studies to increase precision of estimates and usefulness of data for local planning and evaluation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Off Sci & Epidemiol, HIV AIDS Bur, Rockville, MD USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Surveillance Program, New Orleans, LA USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA USA. RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS E46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pss0@cdc.gov RI Broyles, Stephanie/C-8647-2011; OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 120 IS 3 BP 230 EP 239 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921RA UT WOS:000228781100004 PM 16134562 ER PT J AU Krieg, EF Chrislip, DW Crespo, CJ Brightwell, WS Ehrenberg, RL Otto, DA AF Krieg, EF Chrislip, DW Crespo, CJ Brightwell, WS Ehrenberg, RL Otto, DA TI The relationship between blood lead levels and neurobehavioral test performance in NHANES III and related occupational studies SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PSYCHOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; EXPOSED WORKERS; INORGANIC LEAD; NATIONAL-HEALTH; NEUROTOXICITY AB Objectives. The goals of this study were two-fold: (1) to assess the relationship between blood lead levels and neurobehavioral test performance in a nationally representative sample of adults from the third National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey and (2) to analyze the results from previously published studies of occupational lead exposure that used the same neurobehavioral tests as those included in the survey. Methods. Regression models were used to test and estimate the relationships between measurements of blood lead and performance on a simple reaction time, a symbol-digit substitution, and a serial digit learning test in adults aged 20-59 years who participated the survey. Mixed models were used to analyze the data from the occupational studies. Results. The blood lead levels of those participating in the survey ranged from 0.7 to 41.8 mu g/dl. The estimated geometric mean was 2.51 mu g/dl, and the estimated arithmetic mean was 3.30 mu g/dl. In the survey, no statistically significant relationships were found between blood lead concentration and performance on the three neurobehavioral tests when adjusted for covariates. In the occupational studies, the groups exposed to lead consistently performed worse than control groups on the simple reaction time and digit-symbol substitution tests. Conclusions. The results from the survey and the occupational studies do not provide evidence for impairment of neurobehavioral test performance at levels below 25 mu g/dl, the concentration that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention define as elevated in adults. The average blood lead level of the exposed groups in the occupational studies was 41.07 mu g/dl, less than 50 mu g/dl, the minimum concentration that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration requires for medical removal from the workplace. Given the evidence of impaired neurobehavioral performance in these groups, the 50 mu g/dl limit should be reevaluated. C1 Robert A Taft Labs, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY USA. RP Krieg, EF (reprint author), Robert A Taft Labs, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-22, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM erk3@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 120 IS 3 BP 240 EP 251 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921RA UT WOS:000228781100005 PM 16134563 ER PT J AU Kennedy, AM Brown, CJ Gust, DA AF Kennedy, AM Brown, CJ Gust, DA TI Vaccine beliefs of parents who oppose compulsory vaccination SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL IMMUNIZATION LAW; EXEMPTIONS; MEASLES; CHILDREN; COMMUNITY; OUTBREAKS; COVERAGE; SAFETY; RISK AB Objectives. Our objectives were the following: (1) to describe the socio-demographic factors, vaccine beliefs, and behaviors that are associated with parental opposition to compulsory vaccination, and (2) to determine if the availability of a philosophical exemption in a parent's state of residence is associated with parental opposition to compulsory vaccination. Methods. Data from the 2002 HealthStyles survey were analyzed. Chi-square analysis was used to identify significant associations between belief and behavior questions and opposition to compulsory vaccination for school entry. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted using significant variables from the bivariate analysis to identify independent predictors of opposition to compulsory vaccination among surveyed parents. Results. Of respondents with at least one child aged : 18 years living in the household (n=1,527), 12% were opposed to compulsory vaccination. Survey results indicate that a parent's belief regarding compulsory vaccination for school entry is significantly associated with beliefs in the safety and utility of vaccines, as well as intention to have the youngest child fully vaccinated. Residence in a state that permits philosophical exemption to vaccination also was significantly associated with a parent's opposition to compulsory vaccination for school entry. Conclusions. Providing basic information to parents regarding vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases may help reduce opposition to compulsory vaccination by reinforcing the safety and importance of routine childhood vaccinations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kennedy, AM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM akennedy@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 22 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 120 IS 3 BP 252 EP 258 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921RA UT WOS:000228781100006 PM 16134564 ER PT J AU Mehrotra, C Remington, PL Naimi, TS Washington, W Miller, R AF Mehrotra, C Remington, PL Naimi, TS Washington, W Miller, R TI Trends in total knee replacement surgeries and implications for public health, 1990-2000 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL JOINT ARTHROPLASTY; BODY-MASS INDEXES; OBESITY; OSTEOARTHRITIS; HIP; PREVALENCE AB Objectives. Total joint replacements are important surgical interventions for treating severe arthritis of weight-bearing joints. The most common indication for total knee replacement (TKR) is osteoarthritis of the knee joint. The goals of this study were to assess the trend in rate of TKR in Wisconsin and to describe the economic impact of these surgical procedures on the health care system. Method. A population-based cross-sectional study of TKR surgeries was conducted among Wisconsin residents aged 45 years. The Wisconsin inpatient hospital discharge data from 1990 through 2000 were used. Rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 U.S. population, and charges for TKR were adjusted for inflation. Results. From 1990 through 2000, the age-adjusted rate for TKR increased by 81.5% (from 162 to 294 per 100,000; p < 0.001), The rate increased the most among the youngest age group (45-49 years), rate ratio 5.1 for men, 4.2 for women. The total charges for TKR increased from $69.4 million to $148 million (109.2% inflation-adjusted increase). Medicare received the highest proportion of charges for TKR procedures, but throughout the study period, the proportion of charges covered by private insurance increased by 39%. Conclusions. The rate and costs of TKR procedures among Wisconsin residents increased substantially from 1990 through 2000, especially among younger age groups. Changes in medical practices probably accounted for some of this increase, but these trends also may reflect an increased prevalence of osteoarthritis, which in turn may be related to dramatic increases in the number of individuals who are overweight. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Wisonsin Publ Hlth & Hlth Policy Inst, Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Emerging Invest & Anal Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Marshfied Clin, Dept Rheumatol, Marshfield, WI USA. Wisconsin Dept Htlh & Family Serv, Bur Healthcare Informat, Madison, WI USA. RP Mehrotra, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bfzl@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 120 IS 3 BP 278 EP 282 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921RA UT WOS:000228781100010 PM 16134568 ER PT J AU Leman, RF Espey, D Cobb, N AF Leman, RF Espey, D Cobb, N TI Invasive cervical cancer among American Indian women in the Northern Plains, 1994-1998: Incidence, mortality, and missed opportunities SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID NATIVE-AMERICANS; CARCINOMA; NEOPLASIA; SMEARS; BREAST; RISK AB Objectives. Cervical cancer mortality rates among the American Indian and Alaska Native (Al/AN) population in North and South Dakota were five times the national average (15.6 per 100,000 vs. 3.1 per 100,000, age adjusted) when last evaluated (from 1989 through 1993). Our goals were to update the Al/AN population cervical cancer mortality rates and to present incidence rates for Al/VAN women in the region. Methods. We reviewed charts for women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer at Indian Health Service (IHS) facilities in North and South Dakota from 1994 through 1998 and collected information about cervical cancer screening and treatment history. Incidence and mortality rates were standardized to the 1970 U.S. population. Results. Twenty-one cases of invasive cervical cancer and eight deaths were identified. Annualized incidence and mortality rates were 11.5 per 100,000 and 4.5 per 100 000. These compare with national all-race/ethnicity rates of 8.5 per 100,000 and 2.7 per 100,000 for incidence and mortality. Fifteen (71%) of 21 cases were diagnosed due to symptoms. Conclusions. While cervical cancer mortality rates have declined, incidence and mortality rates among Al/AN women remain higher than in the general U.S. population. Increased use of pap tests and careful follow-up of abnormal results should be aggressively promoted among Al/AN women in North and South Dakota. C1 Oregon Hlth Serv Hlth Promot & Chron Dis Prevent, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Natl Epidemiol Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leman, RF (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Serv Hlth Promot & Chron Dis Prevent, 800 NE Oregon St,Ste 750, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM Richard.f.leman@state.or.us NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 120 IS 3 BP 283 EP 287 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921RA UT WOS:000228781100011 PM 16134569 ER PT J AU Hoyert, DL Lima, AR AF Hoyert, DL Lima, AR TI Querying of death certificates in the United States SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID STATISTICS AB Objective. Data from death certificates are often used in research; however, little has been published on the processing of vague or incomplete information reported on certificates. The goal of this study was to examine the querying efforts in the United States used to clarify such records. Methods. The authors obtained data on the querying efforts of the 50 states, New York City, and the District of Columbia. Descriptive statistics are presented for two units of analysis: registration area and death record. Using data from a single registration area, Washington State, the authors compared the percent change in age-adjusted death rates for data from before and after querying to analyze the effect of querying on selected causes of death. Results. Fifty-one of the 52 registration areas queried either demographic or cause-of-death information. Almost 90% of queries were returned; the underlying cause of death changed in approximately 68% of these records. This data translates into about 3% of total U.S. death records, given that 4% of total U.S. death records were queried about cause of death. The impact of queries on age-adjusted death rates varied by cause of death. Generally, the effect is most obvious for cause-of-death categories that are specific and relatively homogenous. Conclusion. Querying continues to be widely practiced. In the case of cause-of-death queries, this method refines the assigned underlying cause of death for records reported with vague or incomplete information. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Mortal Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Hoyert, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Mortal Stat Branch, Div Vital Stat, Rm 7318,3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM dlh7@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 120 IS 3 BP 288 EP 293 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921RA UT WOS:000228781100012 PM 16134570 ER PT J AU Tilford, JM Grosse, SD Robbins, JM Pyne, JM Cleves, MA Hobbs, CA AF Tilford, JM Grosse, SD Robbins, JM Pyne, JM Cleves, MA Hobbs, CA TI Health state preference scores of children with spina bifida and their caregivers SO QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE care giver quality of life; economic evaluation; preference-weighted health states; spina bifida ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; UTILITIES INDEX; MULTIATTRIBUTE; PREVENTION; ARTHRITIS; VALIDITY; STRESS; BURDEN; SYSTEM AB Cost-effectiveness evaluations of interventions to prevent or treat spina bifida require quality of life information measured as preference scores. Preference scores of caregivers also may be relevant. This study tested whether the preference scores of children with spina bifida and their caregivers would decrease as disability in the child increased. Families of children aged 0 - 17 with spina bifida ( N = 98) were identified using a birth defect surveillance system in the state of Arkansas. Primary caregivers of children with spina bifida identified other families with an unaffected child ( N = 49). Preference scores for child health states were determined using the Health Utilities Index - Mark 2 (HUI2). Caregiver preference scores were determined using the Quality of Well-Being (QWB) scale. Children with spina bifida were categorized into three disability levels according to the location of the child's lesion. Mean preference scores declined for both affected children and the primary caregiver as disability in the child increased. In multivariate analysis, the preference score of the child was a significant and positive predictor of the primary caregiver's preference score. A more modest association was found for caregiver health preference scores by lesion location. The findings can inform cost-effectiveness evaluations of interventions to treat or prevent spina bifida. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Ctr Mental Healthcare & Outcomes Res, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. RP Tilford, JM (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Ctr Birth Defects Res & Prevent, 800 Marshall St, Little Rock, AR 72202 USA. EM tilfordmickj@uams.edu OI Robbins, James/0000-0003-2200-1947 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU613236-08] NR 43 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0962-9343 J9 QUAL LIFE RES JI Qual. Life Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 1087 EP 1098 DI 10.1007/s11136-004-3305-2 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 923OQ UT WOS:000228919600016 PM 16041904 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Heffelfinger, JD Voigt, RF Collins, D AF Chesson, HW Heffelfinger, JD Voigt, RF Collins, D TI Estimates of primary and secondary syphilis rates in persons with HIV in the United States, 2002 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SYNERGY; INFECTED PATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE; INNER-CITY; TRANSMISSION; CLINICS; BALTIMORE; PEOPLE AB In the United States, there is a high rate of HIV coinfection in persons with syphilis. Goal: The goal of this study was to estimate the rate of primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis in persons living with HIV in the United States in 2002. Study: We approximated the number of new cases of P&S syphilis in HIV-infected persons and divided this by the estimated number of persons living with HIV. Values for the calculations were obtained from national syphilis and HIV/AIDS surveillance reports and other published sources. Results: We estimated the rate of new cases of P&S syphilis at 186 per 100,000 persons living with HIV in 2002, 25 per 100,000 HIV-infected women, 60 per 100,000 HIV-infected men who have sex with women only, and 336 per 100,000 HIV-infected men who have sex with men. Of the 6862 reported cases of P&S syphilis in 2002, an estimated 1718 (25%) occurred in persons coinfected with HIV. Conclusions: The estimated rate of P&S syphilis in persons with HIV is considerably higher than that of the general population. These findings highlight the importance of providing sexually transmitted disease prevention and control services to HIV-infected persons. C1 CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-80,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hbc7@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 BP 265 EP 269 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000162359 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 921NL UT WOS:000228771200001 PM 15849526 ER PT J AU Gunn, RA Gilchick, RA Joyce, LK AF Gunn, RA Gilchick, RA Joyce, LK TI Acceptance of herpes simplex virus type 2 screening among sexually transmitted disease clinic clients SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID GENITAL HERPES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego Cty, CA USA. RP Gunn, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 BP 328 EP 329 DI 10.1097/011.olq.0000154562.51908.c6 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 921NL UT WOS:000228771200010 PM 15849535 ER PT J AU Aral, SO Lawrence, JSS Dyatlov, R Kozlov, A AF Aral, SO Lawrence, JSS Dyatlov, R Kozlov, A TI Commercial sex work, drug use, and sexually transmitted infections in St. Petersburg, Russia SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE commercial sex workers; drug use; sexually transmitted infections; HIV; Russia ID EPIDEMIC; HIV; FEDERATION AB The relationships between commercial sex work, drug use, and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in St. Petersburg, Russia were assessed using qualitative research methods and an examination of existing research, surveillance and epidemiology data. The rapid assessment methodology included in-depth qualitative interviews with key informants, naturalistic observations of commercial sex work and drug use sites, geo-mapping, and a critical review of the available surveillance, epidemiology, and sociological data. Patterns of commercial sex work and drug use in St. Petersburg are described. The existing surveillance data attributes infections to injected drug use over and above any other risk category. However, examination of the clinic and epidemiology data suggests that HIV infection may be increasing fastest among groups that are acquiring HIV through sexual transmission. Targeted screening studies of STI and HIV morbidity among populations that are not included in the surveillance algorithm are needed, such as commercial sex workers, street youth, and the homeless. Sexual history taking to better characterize the proportion of cases that result from sex between male partners would also be helpful. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Biomed Ctr, St Petersburg, Russia. St Petersburg State Univ, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM soa1@cdc.gov RI Kozlov, Andrei/H-2117-2016 OI Kozlov, Andrei/0000-0003-4611-1534 NR 16 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 60 IS 10 BP 2181 EP 2190 DI 10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.10.009 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 908HX UT WOS:000227779200003 PM 15748667 ER PT J AU Cordovado, SK Hancock, LN Simone, AE Hendrix, M Mueller, PW AF Cordovado, SK Hancock, LN Simone, AE Hendrix, M Mueller, PW TI High-resolution genotyping of HLA-DQA1 in the GoKinD study and identification of novel alleles HLA-DQA1*040102, HLA-DQA1*0402 and HLA-DQA1*0404 SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE alleles; autoimmune diseases; genetics; genotyping analysis; HLA-DQA1; HLA-DQA1*040102; HLA-DQA1*0402; HLA-DQA1*0404; HLA-DQA1 promoter (QAP); sequence analysis; DNA ID GENES; PCR AB In order to achieve high-resolution HLA-DQA1 genotyping, it is necessary to identify polymorphisms in exons 1, 2 and 3. We present a high-resolution sequence-based typing (SBT) strategy for genotyping exons 1, 2 and 3 of the polymorphic HLA-DQA1 locus. This method is an improvement upon previously presented methods, because it utilizes the minimum number of SSP-PCR assays to obtain clear DNA sequence in both the forward and reverse directions of all three exons. All known HLA-DQA1 alleles are resolved with the exception of HLA-DQA1*010101 and HLA-DQA1*010102 for which the distinguishing polymorphism is located in exon 4 and does not result in an amino acid change. This method has enabled our laboratory to identify three new HLA-DQA1 alleles - HLA-DQA1*040102, HLA- DQA1*0402 and HLA-DQA1*0404 - in the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) study population. Additionally, we present single-allele amplification methods, which identify the coding sequences of HLA-DQA1 exons 1, 2, 3, intron 2 and 300 bp of the HLA-DQA1 promoter (QAP). This study, also describes the QAP for most of the known HLA-DQA1 alleles, three HLA-DQA2 promoter sequences and the intron 2 sequences for HLA-DQA1*040101, HLA-DQA1*040102, HLA-DQA1*0402 and HLA-DQA1*0404. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Mol Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cordovado, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Mol Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM snc4@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD MAY PY 2005 VL 65 IS 5 BP 448 EP 458 DI 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2005.00389.x PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 920LQ UT WOS:000228691000006 PM 15853899 ER PT J AU Moudon, AV Lee, C Cheadle, AD Collier, CW Johnson, D Schmid, TL Weather, RD AF Moudon, AV Lee, C Cheadle, AD Collier, CW Johnson, D Schmid, TL Weather, RD TI Cycling and the built environment, a US perspective SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART D-TRANSPORT AND ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE cycling; built environment; land use; infrastructure; GIS ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; LIFE-STYLE; WALKING; INTERVENTIONS AB This disaggregate cross-sectional study uses primary data on the cycling behavior of 608 randomly sampled respondents in urbanized King County, Washington, and objective parcel-level GIS measures of land use and infrastructure conditions. Binary logit model findings provide new insights on who bicycles, and on perceived and actual built environmental conditions associated with the likelihood of cycling in neighborhoods, controlling for socio-demographic variables. A high 21% of the respondents report cycling at least once a week in their neighborhood, more often for recreation or exercise than for transportation. Cycling is more popular among male, younger adults, transit users, and those who are physically active and in good health. Both perceived and objective environmental conditions contribute to the likelihood of cycling. Proximity to trails and the presence of agglomerations of offices, clinics/hospitals, and fast food restaurants, measured objectively, are significant environmental variables. Previously researched correlates of cycling, such as the presence of bicycle lanes, traffic speed and volume, slope, block size, and the presence of parks, are found insignificant when objectively measured. A non-linear relationship is found between the odds of cycling and the perception of traffic problems and automobile-oriented facilities. Overall, cycling is only moderately associated with the neighborhood environment. It appears to be an individual choice that is independent from environmental support. This finding likely reflects the limited bicycle infrastructure in the sample frame-an unfortunate condition found in most US metropolitan regions. Policy and intervention programs could increase cycling by improving both actual and perceived environmental conditions. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Urban Design & Planning, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Landscape Architecture & Urban Planning, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Chron Dis Prevent & Healthy Aging Unit, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Nutr Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Seattle Pacific Univ, Dept Phys Educ & Exercise Sci, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. RP Moudon, AV (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Urban Design & Planning, Gould 410,Box 35570, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM moudon@u.washington.edu RI Freeman, Lance/B-8774-2009 NR 33 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 6 U2 46 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1361-9209 J9 TRANSPORT RES D-TR E JI Transport. Res. Part D-Transport. Environ. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 245 EP 261 DI 10.1016/j.trd.2005.04.001 PG 17 WC Environmental Studies; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Transportation GA 936TV UT WOS:000229879200005 ER PT J AU Prosser, LA O'Brien, MA Hohman, KH Nichol, KL Wortley, PM Messonnier, ML Molinari, NA Lieu, TA AF Prosser, LA O'Brien, MA Hohman, KH Nichol, KL Wortley, PM Messonnier, ML Molinari, NA Lieu, TA TI Costs of delivering adult influenza vaccination in non-traditional settings SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 918PE UT WOS:000228559300030 ER PT J AU Atherly, A Nurmagambetov, T Williams, S AF Atherly, A Nurmagambetov, T Williams, S TI Direct and indirect cost of asthma in an employer population SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 259 EP 260 PG 2 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 918PE UT WOS:000228559300077 ER PT J AU Raofi, S Shinogle, J AF Raofi, S Shinogle, J TI Insurance coverage and ambulatory care of hypertension for the near elderly SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 274 EP 274 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 918PE UT WOS:000228559300122 ER PT J AU Nurmagambetov, T Atherly, A Williams, S Redd, S AF Nurmagambetov, T Atherly, A Williams, S Redd, S TI Health care expenditure and utilization for patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease SO VALUE IN HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1098-3015 J9 VALUE HEALTH JI Value Health PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 3 BP 329 EP 329 PG 1 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 918PE UT WOS:000228559300300 ER PT J AU Petersen, JM Schriefer, ME AF Petersen, JM Schriefer, ME TI Tularemia: emergence/re-emergence SO VETERINARY RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE tularemia; zoonosis; factors of emergence; Francisella tularensis ID FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS STRAINS; FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BACTERIUM TULARENSE; PRAIRIE DOGS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; ANTIBODIES AB Francisella tularensis is a gram-negative coccobacillus and the etiologic agent of the zoonotic disease tularemia. First described in 1911 in Tulare County, California, it has since been reported throughout the Northern Hemisphere, with natural infections reported among an unusually wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. In recent years, tularemia has emerged in new geographic locations, populations, and settings. This review will serve to highlight mechanisms contributing to the recent emergence of tularemia as well as a repertoire of diagnostic tools useful for detecting and diagnosing disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foothills Campus,POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nzp0@cdc.gov NR 71 TC 107 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 11 PU E D P SCIENCES PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0928-4249 J9 VET RES JI Vet. Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 455 EP 467 DI 10.1051/vetres:2005006 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 919OF UT WOS:000228626700010 PM 15845234 ER PT J AU Cisterna, D Bonaventura, R Caillou, S Pozo, O Andreau, ML Fontana, LD Echegoyen, C de Mattos, C de Mattos, C Russo, S Novaro, L Elberger, D Freire, MC AF Cisterna, D Bonaventura, R Caillou, S Pozo, O Andreau, ML Fontana, LD Echegoyen, C de Mattos, C de Mattos, C Russo, S Novaro, L Elberger, D Freire, MC TI Antigenic and molecular characterization of rabies virus in Argentina SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE rabies; antigenic variant; molecular epidemiology ID GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; VAMPIRE BATS; CHILE; SEQUENCE; MEXICO AB The nucleoprotein genes of 54 human, domestic and wild animals rabies isolates obtained in Argentina between 1995 and 2002 were characterized using monoclonal antibodies and partial gene sequence analysis. The antigenic and genetic diversities of rabies virus ill samples from bat and bat-related cases were studied, leading to the identification of five distinct genetic variants. Rabies viruses isolated from vampire bat related cases were very similar to each other. showing 98.9% overall similarity. Specific antigenic variants (AgV) were detected associated with different insectivorous bats species, in samples from Tadarida brasiliensis and Emnops patagonicus bats. In contrast, isolates from Myotis sp. and Histiotus sp. bats could not be matched to any antigenic type. Additionally, bat rabies cases were also detected in southern provinces previously considered rabies-free. Finally, two independent antigenic and genetic variants co-circulating in northern Argentina were found in isolates obtained from dogs and dog-related cases, suggesting two independent cycles of virus transmission. This is the first national coordinated Study of antigenic as well as molecular epidemiology of rabies in Argentina. The information presented here will improve our knowledge about rabies epidemiology and therefore, will assist preventing fatal human cases. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ANLIS Dr carlos G Malbran, Inst Nacl Enfermed Infecciosas, Serv Neurovirosis, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Div Zoonosis, San Miguel De Tucuman, Argentina. Minist Salud, Div Zoonosis Urbana, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Lab Reg Diagnost Rabia, Chaco, Argentina. Lab Zoonosis, Santa Fe, Argentina. Direcc Nacl Epidemiol, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. CDC, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. SENASA, DILACOT, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Cisterna, D (reprint author), ANLIS Dr carlos G Malbran, Inst Nacl Enfermed Infecciosas, Serv Neurovirosis, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. EM dcisterna@anlis.gov.ar NR 28 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 109 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.10.013 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 912QZ UT WOS:000228095800004 PM 15763144 ER PT J AU Nel, LH Sabeta, CT von Teichman, B Jaftha, JB Rupprecht, CE Bingham, J AF Nel, LH Sabeta, CT von Teichman, B Jaftha, JB Rupprecht, CE Bingham, J TI Mongoose rabies in southern Africa: A re-evaluation based on molecular epidemiology SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Lyssaviruses; intergenic region; glycoprotein; mongoose rabies ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; YELLOW MONGOOSE; CYNICTIS-PENICILLATA; MOKOLA VIRUS; ZIMBABWE; GENE; LYSSAVIRUSES; GLYCOPROTEIN; EVOLUTIONARY; POLYMORPHISM AB Relative to the developed world, rabies has been poorly studied in the vast African continent. The southern African countries of Zimbabwe and South Africa, however, are known to sustain a great diversity of lyssaviruses, with large biological variations amongst genotype I (rabies viruses) at present more apparent here than elsewhere on the continent. One recognized biotype of rabies virus in the subcontinent appears to be specifically adapted to a variety of mongooses, belonging to the Viverrinae subfamily (family Herpestidae) and are commonly referred to as viverrid viruses, although the term mongoose rabies would be more correct, considering the taxonomic status of the host species involved. It was our objective to study the genetic relationships of 77 rabies virus isolates of this mongoose biotype, isolated in South Africa and Zimbabwe, towards elucidation of the molecular epidemiology of this interesting group of African viruses. In our study of a 592 nucleoticle sequence encompassing the cytoplasmic domain of the glycoprotein and the G-L intergenic region of the viral genomes, we provide the first comprehensive data on the molecular epidemiology of these viruses and indicate a history of extended evolutionary adaptation in this geographical domain. The molecular epidemiological observations reported here are highly unlikely to be limited to the small geographical areas of South Africa and Zimbabwe and illustrate the need for lyssavirus surveillance in the rest of sub-Saharan Africa and throughout the entire continent. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pretoria, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Radies Sect MS G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Onderstepoort Vet Inst, Rabies Unit, ZA-0110 Onderstepoort, South Africa. RP Nel, LH (reprint author), Univ Pretoria, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa. EM louis.nel@up.ac.za RI Nel, Louis/F-1001-2012; Bingham, John/H-8591-2013 NR 59 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 109 IS 2 BP 165 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.12.003 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 912QZ UT WOS:000228095800007 PM 15763147 ER PT J AU Keshava, C Whipkey, D Weston, A AF Keshava, C Whipkey, D Weston, A TI Transcriptional signatures of environmentally relevant exposures in normal human mammary epithelial cells: benzo[a]pyrene SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE oligonucleotide arrays; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; mammary cells; carcinogenesis ID DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; BREAST-CANCER MCF-7; MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE-1; MICROARRAY ANALYSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-VITRO; METABOLISM; ASSOCIATION; CYP1B1 AB Changes in gene expression in a panel of primary normal human mammary epithelial cell strains, developed from healthy breast tissue obtained at reduction mammoplasty from different donors, in response to benzo[a]pyrene exposure have been investigated. It was expected that both gene expression changes common to cell strains derived from different donors as well as inter-individual variation would be observed. Therefore, the strategy that has been adopted is to identify potentially important changes, or useful changes from a biomonitoring perspective, using gene-array technology and a small number of donors; then investigate selected transcription responses using a large number of tissue donors and a cheaper method of transcript detection (real-time polymerase chain reaction). Here we report results from four primary normal human mammary epithelial cell strains that were treated with benzo[a]pyrene in vitro for either 6 or 24 h. Transcription was monitored using high-density oligonucleoticle arrays (Affymetrix HuGeneFL). Total RNA was used for the preparation of labeled targets that were hybridized to microarrays containing probes representing more than 6800 human genes and expressed sequence tags. Gene expression data were analyzed using the GeneChip (R) software (MAS 5.0). Altered gene expression patterns were observed in response to benzo[a]pyrene in human mammary epithelial cell strains from different donors. Specifically, the dioxin inducible cytochrome P450 CYP1B1 was consistently induced in response to 6 and 24 h exposure to benzo[a]pyrene in cell strains from all four donors. Two other genes that were relatively consistently induced were ILI beta and MMPI. Less consistent changes in other metabolism genes (CYP1A1, CYP11B2, and NQO1) and certain cell cycle control genes GOS2 and AF1Q were also induced, while EGR1 was suppressed. Although no change in p53 transcription was observed, an accumulation of p53 protein was detected using antibodies. A similar accumulation of WafI (p21) was also observed using immunohistochemistry, this was expected sincep53 is p21's transcription factor. Significant inter-individual variations in both the levels and patterns of gene expression were observed, in response to benzo[a]pyrene exposure. These studies provide a complementary approach to molecular epidemiology for the investigation of differential susceptibility to chemical carcinogens, and specifically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 DHHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Mol Epidemiol Team, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), DHHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Hlth Effects Lab Div,Mol Epidemiol Team, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS L-3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM agw8@cdc.gov NR 42 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2005 VL 221 IS 2 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.08.037 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 919GS UT WOS:000228607000010 PM 15808406 ER PT J AU Keshava, C Divi, RL Whipkey, DL Frye, BL McCanlies, E Kuo, M Poirier, MC Weston, A AF Keshava, C Divi, RL Whipkey, DL Frye, BL McCanlies, E Kuo, M Poirier, MC Weston, A TI Induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 and formation of carcinogen-DNA adducts in normal human mammary epithelial cells treated with benzo[a]pyrene SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; chemiluminescence immunoassay; metabolic activation; cell culture; carcinogenesis; DNA damage ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; GENE-EXPRESSION; PASSIVE SMOKING; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; METABOLIZING-ENZYMES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; KOREAN WOMEN; POLYMORPHISMS; ASSOCIATION AB Inter-individual variation in formation of carcinogen-DNA adducts and induction of cytochrome P450 genes was measured in 23 cultured normal human mammary epithelial cell (NHMEC) strains established from reduction mammoplasty tissue. Semi-confluent cells were exposed to 4 mu M benzo[a]pyrene (BP) for 12 h and BP-DNA adduct levels were measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay using antiserum elicited against DNA modified with r7, t8-dihydroxy-t-9, 10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE). BP-DNA adduct levels for 22 of 23 different cell strains ranged from nondetectable (three samples) to about 15 adducts/10(8) nucleotides. Increases in levels of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 were detected using both oligonucleotide arrays and reverse transcription/quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCRs). For CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, the oligonucleotide array data and RT-PCR data were highly correlated (r = 0.73 and 0.70, respectively), suggesting that oligonucleotide arrays are a suitable gene discovery tool, and demonstrating that the complementary and efficient RT-PCR may be used to confirm rnicroarray data for a specific gene in a large number of samples. As measured by RT-PCR, inter-individual variation in CYP1A1 induction was 100-fold, while the variation in CYP1B1 induction was almost 40-fold. On a per-person basis, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 induction were well-correlated (r = 0.88, P < 0.001), which is to be expected as they are under the control of a common transcriptional regulation mechanism in response to BP exposure. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Epidemiol Team, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NCI, Ctr Canc Res, Lab Cellular Carcinogenesis & Tumor Promot, Carcinogen DNA Interact Sect,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Biostat & Epidemiol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Epidemiol Team, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM agw8@cdc.gov NR 51 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD APR 28 PY 2005 VL 221 IS 2 BP 213 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2004.08.038 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 919GS UT WOS:000228607000011 PM 15808407 ER PT J AU Bolan, R Amezola, P Kerndt, P Soreth, J Taylor, M Heffelfinger, J Weinstock, H Greenberg, M Janowski, M AF Bolan, R Amezola, P Kerndt, P Soreth, J Taylor, M Heffelfinger, J Weinstock, H Greenberg, M Janowski, M CA CDC TI Inadvertent use of Bicillin (R) C-R to treat syphilis infection - Los Angeles, California, 1999-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 217-219, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS; HIV C1 Los Angeles Gay & Lesbian Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bolan, R (reprint author), Los Angeles Gay & Lesbian Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 27 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 16 BP 1967 EP 1968 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 919XS UT WOS:000228651500008 ER PT J AU Henry, C Belflower, A Drociuk, D Gibson, JJ Harris, R Horton, DK Rossiter, S Orr, M Safay, B Forrester, T Wright, S Wenck, MA AF Henry, C Belflower, A Drociuk, D Gibson, JJ Harris, R Horton, DK Rossiter, S Orr, M Safay, B Forrester, T Wright, S Wenck, MA CA CDC TI Public health consequences from hazardous substances acutely released during rail transit - South Carolina, 2005; Selected states, 1999-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 64-67, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. CDC, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Reg Operat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Henry, C (reprint author), Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Jefferson City, MO 65102 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 27 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 16 BP 1968 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 919XS UT WOS:000228651500009 ER PT J AU Monath, TP Kanesa-thasan, N Guirakhoo, F Pugachev, K Almond, J Lang, J Quentin-Millet, MJ Barrett, ADT Brinton, MA Cetron, MS Barwick, RS Chambers, TJ Halstead, SB Roehrig, JT Kinney, RM Rico-Hesse, R Strauss, JH AF Monath, TP Kanesa-thasan, N Guirakhoo, F Pugachev, K Almond, J Lang, J Quentin-Millet, MJ Barrett, ADT Brinton, MA Cetron, MS Barwick, RS Chambers, TJ Halstead, SB Roehrig, JT Kinney, RM Rico-Hesse, R Strauss, JH TI Recombination and flavivirus vaccines: a commentary SO VACCINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID YELLOW-FEVER; VIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS C1 Acambis Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Aventis Pasteur, Marcy LEtoile, France. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. Merck & Co Inc, W Point, PA USA. Pediat Dengue Vaccine Initiat, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Monath, TP (reprint author), Acambis Inc, 38 Sidney St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM tom.monath@acambis.com RI Rico-Hesse, Rebeca/C-5294-2011; OI Rico-Hesse, Rebeca/0000-0001-6216-1000; Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI050123] NR 17 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD APR 27 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 23 BP 2956 EP 2958 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.11.069 PG 3 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 920KK UT WOS:000228687600003 PM 15811640 ER PT J AU Fan, AZ Greenlund, KJ Dai, S Croft, JB AF Fan, AZ Greenlund, KJ Dai, S Croft, JB CA CDC TI Disparities in screening for and awareness of high blood cholesterol - United States, 1999-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 117-119, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fan, AZ (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 15 BP 1849 EP 1850 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 916QW UT WOS:000228401700009 ER PT J AU Widdowson, MA Glass, R Monroe, S Beard, RS Bateman, JW Lurie, P Johnson, C AF Widdowson, MA Glass, R Monroe, S Beard, RS Bateman, JW Lurie, P Johnson, C TI Probable transmission of norovirus on an airplane SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID AIRBORNE TRANSMISSION; ACUTE GASTROENTERITIS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAKS; ILLNESS; VIRUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, New York Quarantine Stn, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Jamaica, NY USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Dis Control, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM zux5@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 15 BP 1859 EP 1860 DI 10.1001/jama.293.15.1859 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 916QW UT WOS:000228401700022 PM 15840859 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF Gail, MH AF Flegal, KM Graubard, BI Williamson, DF Gail, MH TI Excess deaths associated with underweight, overweight, and obesity SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; FOLLOW-UP; BREAST-CANCER; US ADULTS; ALL-CAUSE; MORTALITY; WOMEN; GUIDELINES; SMOKING AB Context As the prevalence of obesity increases in the United States, concern over the association of body weight with excess mortality has also increased. Objective To estimate deaths associated with underweight (body mass index [BMI] <18.5), overweight (BMI 25 to <30), and obesity (BMI >= 30) in the United States in 2000. Design, Setting, and Participants We estimated relative risks of mortality associated with different levels of BMI (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters) from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1 (1971-1975) and NHANES II (1976-1980), with follow-up through 1992, and from NHANES 111 (1988-1994), with follow-up through 2000. These relative risks were applied to the distribution of BMI and other covariates from NHANES 1999-2002 to estimate attributable fractions and number of excess deaths, adjusted for confounding factors and for effect modification by age. Main Outcome Measures Number of excess deaths in 2000 associated with given BMI levels. Results Relative to the normal weight category (BMI 18.5 to <25), obesity (BMI >= 30) was associated with 111 909 excess deaths (95% confidence interval [CI], 53 754170064) and underweight with 33 746 excess deaths (95% Cl, 15726-51766). Overweight was not associated with excess mortality (-86094 deaths; 95% Cl, -161223 to -10966). The relative risks of mortality associated with obesity were lower in NHANES 11 and NHANES III than in NHANES I. Conclusions Underweight and obesity, particularly higher levels of obesity, were associated with increased mortality relative to the normal weight category. The impact of obesity on mortality may have decreased over time, perhaps because of improvements in public health and medical care. These findings are consistent with the increases in life expectancy in the United States and the declining mortality rates from ischemic heart disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Weight & Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 4311, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kflegal@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 41 TC 3474 Z9 3532 U1 33 U2 254 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 15 BP 1861 EP 1867 DI 10.1001/jama.293.15.1861 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 916QW UT WOS:000228401700024 PM 15840860 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Cheng, YLJ Cadwell, BL Imperatore, G Williams, DE Flegal, KM Narayan, KMV Williamson, DF AF Gregg, EW Cheng, YLJ Cadwell, BL Imperatore, G Williams, DE Flegal, KM Narayan, KMV Williamson, DF TI Secular trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors according to body mass index in US adults SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-PRESSURE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; PREVALENCE; OBESITY; OVERWEIGHT AB Context Prevalence of obesity in the United States has increased dramatically in recent decades, but the magnitude of change in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the growing proportion of overweight and obese Americans remains unknown. Objective To examine 40-year trends in CVD risk factors by body mass index (BMI) groups among US adults aged 20 to 74 years. Design, Setting, and Participants Analysis of 5 cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys: National Health Examination Survey (1960-1962); National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I (1971-1975), II (1976-1980), and III (1988-1994); and NHANES 1999-2000. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of high cholesterol level (>= 240 mg/dL [>= 6.2 mmol/L] regardless of treatment), high blood pressure (>= 140/90 mm Hg regardless of treatment), current smoking, and total diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed combined) according to BMI group (lean, <25; overweight, 25-29; and obese, >= 30). Results The prevalence of all risk factors except diabetes decreased overtime across all BMI groups, with the greatest reductions observed among overweight and obese groups. Compared with obese persons in 1960-1962, obese persons in 1999-2000 had a 21-percentage-point lower prevalence of high cholesterol level (39% in 19601962 vs 18% in 1999-2000), an 18-percentage-point lower prevalence of high blood pressure (from 42% to 24%), and a 12-percentage-point lower smoking prevalence (from 32% to 20%). Survey X BMI group interaction terms indicated that compared with-the first survey, the prevalence of high cholesterol in the fifth survey had fallen more in obese and overweight persons than in lean persons (P < .05). Survey X BMI changes in blood pressure and smoking were not statistically significant. Changes in risk factors were accompanied by increases in lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medication use, particularly among obese persons. Total diabetes prevalence was stable within BMI groups over time, as nonsignificant 1- to 2-percentage-point increases occurred between 1976-1980 and 1999-2000. Conclusions Except for diabetes, CVD risk factors have declined considerably over the past 40 years in all BMI groups. Although obese persons still have higher risk factor levels than lean persons, the levels of these risk factors are much lower than in previous decades. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM edg7@cdc.gov RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012; Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405; NR 48 TC 525 Z9 542 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 15 BP 1868 EP 1874 DI 10.1001/jama.293.15.1868 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 916QW UT WOS:000228401700025 PM 15840861 ER PT J AU Grosse, SD Boyle, CA Cordero, JF AF Grosse, SD Boyle, CA Cordero, JF TI Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis: Recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material ID MALNUTRITION; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grosse, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-87, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgrosse@cdc.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 8 BP 1482 EP + PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 918WV UT WOS:000228579300002 PM 15864890 ER PT J AU Warner, L Macaluso, M Austin, HD Kleinbaum, DK Artz, L Fleenor, ME Brill, I Newman, DR Hook, EW AF Warner, L Macaluso, M Austin, HD Kleinbaum, DK Artz, L Fleenor, ME Brill, I Newman, DR Hook, EW TI Application of the case-crossover design to reduce unmeasured confounding in studies of condom effectiveness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlamydia; confounding factors (epidemiology); contraceptive devices, male; cross-over studies; epidemiologic methods; gonorrhea; HIV infections; sexually transmitted diseases ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; AIR-POLLUTION; RISK; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; BARRIER; CONTRACEPTION AB This analysis examined how unmeasured confounding affects estimates of the effectiveness of condoms in preventing sexually transmitted infections. Data were analyzed from a prospective cohort study of 1,122 female sexually transmitted disease clinic patients in Alabama (1992-1995), wherein participants were evaluated for sexually transmitted infections at six 1-month intervals. Associations between condom use and incident gonorrhea and chlamydia infection were compared between case-crossover and cohort analyses. In a case-crossover analysis of 228 follow-up visits ending in gonorrhea/chlamydia ("case intervals") and 743 self-matched follow-up visits not ending in gonorrhea/chlamydia ("noncase intervals") (183 women), consistent condom use without breakage or slippage was associated with significantly reduced risk of infection relative to nonuse (adjusted risk odds ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.26, 0.92). Conversely, a cohort analysis of 245 case intervals and 3,896 noncase intervals (919 women) revealed no significant reduction in infection risk from consistent use of condoms (adjusted risk odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.53, 1.17). Dose-response relations between the number of unprotected sex acts and infection were stronger in the case-crossover analysis (p for trend = 0.009) than in the cohort analysis (p for trend = 0.18). These findings suggest that epidemiologic studies confounded by unmeasured differences between condom users and nonusers underestimate condom effectiveness against these infections. The case-crossover method provides an additional technique for reducing unmeasured confounding in studies of condom effectiveness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Women Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Jefferson Cty Dept Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Warner, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Women Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dlw7@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-1-3135] NR 49 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 8 BP 765 EP 773 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi094 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 912MA UT WOS:000228081300008 PM 15800269 ER PT J AU Valentin-Blasini, L Mauldin, JP Maple, D Blount, BC AF Valentin-Blasini, L Mauldin, JP Maple, D Blount, BC TI Analysis of perchlorate in human urine using ion chromatography and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; THYROID-FUNCTION; SAMPLES; PERFORMANCE; EXTRACTION; CHILDREN; HEALTH; PLANTS; ANION AB Because of health concerns surrounding widespread exposure to perchlorate, we developed a sensitive and selective method for quantifying perchlorate in human urine using ion chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Perchlorate was quantified using a stable isotope-labeled internal standard (O-18(4)-perchlorate) with excellent assay precision (coefficient of variation < 5% for repetitively analyzed quality control material). Analytical accuracy was established by blind analysis of certified proficiency testing materials prepared in synthetic urine matrix; calculated amounts deviated minimally from true amounts, with percent differences ranging from 2% to 5%. Selective chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry reduced the need for sample cleanup, resulting in a rugged and rapid method capable of routinely analyzing 75 samples/day. The lowest reportable level (0.025 ng/mL) was sufficiently sensitive to detect perchlorate in all human urine samples evaluated to date, with a linear response range from 0.025 to 100 ng/mL. This selective, sensitive, and rapid method will help elucidate any potential associations between human exposure to low levels of perchlorate and adverse health effects. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Blount, BC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM BBlount@CDC.GOV NR 39 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 8 BP 2475 EP 2481 DI 10.1021/ac048365f PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 919FZ UT WOS:000228605100026 PM 15828783 ER PT J AU Baggs, J Chen, RT Damon, IK Rotz, L Allen, C Fullerton, KE Casey, C Nordenberg, D Mootrey, G AF Baggs, J Chen, RT Damon, IK Rotz, L Allen, C Fullerton, KE Casey, C Nordenberg, D Mootrey, G TI Safety profile of smallpox vaccine: Insights from the laboratory worker smallpox vaccination program SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE EVENTS AB Background. The frequency of mild-to-moderate adverse events following smallpox vaccination was not well documented or reported during the pre-eradication era. This report describes the frequency of such symptoms among 936 adult smallpox vaccinees with and without a history of prior smallpox vaccination. Methods. Diary cards were distributed to 1006 laboratory workers and members of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) smallpox response team who received smallpox vaccination under an investigational new drug protocol during 2001-2002. Vaccinees were requested to complete the diary card daily and return it to the CDC 28 days after vaccination. The proportion of vaccinees reporting symptoms was determined and compared among subgroups. Results. Ninety-three percent of the diary cards were returned. The most common symptom reported was "itching at vaccination site." Primary vaccines reported statistically higher proportions of the following 11 symptoms: joint pain (25% vs. 11%; P = .0011), muscle pain (46% vs. 19%; P < .0001), fatigue (43% vs. 29%; P = .0161), swelling at vaccination site (58% vs. 33%;), itching on the body (31% vs. 17%; P = .0048), abdominal pain (11% vs. 2%; P = .0012), swollen or tender lymph nodes (71% vs. 33%; P < .0001), pain at injection site (48% vs. 30%;), headache ( 40% vs. 25%;), backache (17% vs. 7%; P = .0090), and fever ( temperature, >= 100 degrees F [37.7 degrees C]; 20% vs. 9%; P = .0047). Conclusions. This analysis suggests that previously unvaccinated persons aged ! 30 years experienced more symptoms than did previously vaccinated persons. The findings of increased proportions with joint pain, abdominal pain, backache, and difficulty breathing were unexpected. As with recently described cardiac adverse events, these symptoms are suggestive of systemic involvement and warrant further study. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Immunizat Safety Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, CDC Drug Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Baggs, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Immunizat Safety Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jbaggs@cdc.gov OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1133 EP 1140 DI 10.1086/428731 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 908WK UT WOS:000227820700010 PM 15791513 ER PT J AU Kool, JL AF Kool, JL TI Risk of person-to-person transmission of pneumonic plague SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC AB Plague has received much attention because it may be used as a weapon by terrorists. Intentionally released aerosols of Yersinia pestis would cause pneumonic plague. In order to prepare for such an event, it is important, particularly for medical personnel and first responders, to form a realistic idea of the risk of person-to-person spread of infection. Historical accounts and contemporary experience show that pneumonic plague is not as contagious as it is commonly believed to be. Persons with plague usually only transmit the infection when the disease is in the endstage, when infected persons cough copious amounts of bloody sputum, and only by means of close contact. Before antibiotics were available for postexposure prophylaxis for contacts, simple protective measures, such as wearing masks and avoiding close contact, were sufficient to interrupt transmission during pneumonic plague outbreaks. In this article, I review the historical literature and anecdotal evidence regarding the risk of transmission, and I discuss possible protective measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Kool, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM jkool@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1166 EP 1172 DI 10.1086/428617 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 908WK UT WOS:000227820700016 PM 15791518 ER PT J AU Fox, LM Saravolatz, LD AF Fox, LM Saravolatz, LD TI Nitazoxanide: A new thiazolide antiparasitic agent SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS; IN-VITRO; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; DOUBLE-BLIND; HELMINTHIC INFECTIONS; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; GIARDIA-INTESTINALIS; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS AB Nitazoxanide is a new thiazolide antiparasitic agent that shows excellent in vitro activity against a wide variety of protozoa and helminths. It is given by the oral route with good bioavailability and is well tolerated, with primarily mild gastrointestinal side effects. At present, there are no documented drug-drug interactions. Nitazoxanide has been licensed for the treatment of Giardia intestinalis-induced diarrhea in patients >= 1 year of age and Cryptosporidum-induced diarrhea in children aged 1-11 years. At present, it is pending licensure for treatment of infection due to Cryptosporidium species in adults and for use in treating immunocompromised hosts. It represents an important addition to the antiparasitic arsenal. C1 Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. St Johns Hosp, Dept Med, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. RP Fox, LM (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Int Hlth & Dev, 85 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM lfox@bu.edu NR 45 TC 143 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 9 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1173 EP 1180 DI 10.1086/428839 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 908WK UT WOS:000227820700017 PM 15791519 ER PT J AU Cowgill, KD Lucas, CE Benson, RF Chamany, S Brown, EW Fields, BS Feikin, DR AF Cowgill, KD Lucas, CE Benson, RF Chamany, S Brown, EW Fields, BS Feikin, DR TI Recurrence of Legionnaires disease at a hotel in the United States virgin islands over a 20-year period SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID OUTBREAK; SURVEILLANCE; PNEUMONIA AB We investigated 3 cases of legionnaires disease (LD) that developed in travelers who stayed at a hotel in the United States Virgin Islands where cases of LD occurred in 1981-1982 and in 1998. The temperature of the potable water at the hotel was in a range that could optimally support the growth of Legionella species, and the potable water was colonized with Legionella pneumophila in 1981-1982 and in 2002-2003. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lucas, CE (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM claressa.lucas@cdc.hhs.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 8 BP 1205 EP 1207 DI 10.1086/428844 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 908WK UT WOS:000227820700022 PM 15791524 ER PT J AU Strathdee, SA Latka, M Campbell, J O'Driscoll, PT Golub, ET Kapadia, F Pollini, RA Garfein, RS Thomas, DL Hagan, H AF Strathdee, SA Latka, M Campbell, J O'Driscoll, PT Golub, ET Kapadia, F Pollini, RA Garfein, RS Thomas, DL Hagan, H CA Study Reduce Intravenous Exposures TI Factors associated with interest in initiating treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among young HCV-infected injection drug users SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Substance Abuse CY NOV 11-13, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP Off AIDS Res, NIAID, Natl Inst Diabetes & Dugest & Kidney Dus, Dept Vet Affairs, Hlth Resources & Serv Adm ID PRIMARY-CARE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PLUS RIBAVIRIN; HIV; MANAGEMENT; IDENTIFICATION; COINFECTION; DEPRESSION; DIAGNOSIS; HISTORY AB Objective. We sought to identify factors associated with interest in receiving therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among HCV-infected injection drug users (IDUs) in 3 United States cities. Methods. IDUs aged 18 - 35 years who were HCV-infected and seronegative for human immunodeficiency virus underwent surveys on behaviors, experience, and interest in treatment for HCV infection and readiness to quit drug use. Results. Among treatment-naive IDUs (n = 216), 81.5% were interested in treatment for HCV infection, but only 27.3% had seen a health-care provider since receiving a diagnosis of HCV infection. Interest in treatment for HCV infection was greater among IDUs with a high perceived threat of progressive liver disease, those with a usual source of care, those without evidence of alcohol dependence, and those with higher readiness scores for quitting drug use. Interest in treatment for HCV infection was 7-fold higher among IDUs who were told by their health-care provider that they were at risk for cirrhosis or liver cancer. Conclusions. Improving provider-patient communication and integrating treatments for substance abuse and HCV may increase the proportion of IDUs who initiate treatment for HCV infection. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Ctr Drug Use & HIV Res, Natl Dev & Res Inst, New York, NY USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Res Unit, Seattle, WA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Strathdee, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Div Int Hlth & Cross Cultural Med, 9500 Gilman Dr,Mailstop 0622, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM sstrathdee@ucsd.edu RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009 FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA014499-01, DA-14499, R01 DA014499, R01 DA014499-02, R01 DA014499-03, R01 DA014499-04] NR 39 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 SU 5 BP S304 EP S312 DI 10.1086/427445 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 908WM UT WOS:000227820900008 PM 15768339 ER PT J AU Taylor, MM Hawkins, K Gonzalez, A Buchacz, K Aynalem, G Smith, LV Klausner, J Holmberg, S Kerndt, PR AF Taylor, MM Hawkins, K Gonzalez, A Buchacz, K Aynalem, G Smith, LV Klausner, J Holmberg, S Kerndt, PR TI Use of the serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion (STARHS) to identify recently acquired HIV infections in men with early syphilis in Los Angeles county SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE syphilis; men who have sex with men; HIV incidence; serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion assay; sexual risk ID ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; STRATEGY AB Background: Syphilis outbreaks among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, many of whom are HIV infected, have prompted increased concern for HIV transmission. Methods: To identify whether men are acquiring HIV concomitantly or within the critical period of syphilis infection, banked Treponema pallidum particle agglutination-positive serum specimens from men with early syphilis infection were screened for HIV-1 antibody. Samples that were positive for HIV antibody were then tested with a less sensitive (LS) HIV-1 antibody enzyme immunoassay (serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion [STARHS]) to identify HIV infections that occurred on average within the previous 6 months. \ Results: Of the 212 specimens banked from men with early syphilis, 74 (35%) were HIV-positive. Of these, 15 tested non-reactive by the LS assay. Twelve of these 15 were considered to be recent infections by the LS assay and testing history. Eleven (92%) of the recent infections were among MSM. One man had primary syphilis, 6 (50%) had secondary syphilis, and 5 (42%) had early latent syphilis. Eight men (67%) reported sex with anonymous partners, and 3 (25%) reported consistent condom use. The estimated HIV incidence was 17% per year (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 12%-22%) among all men with early syphilis, and it was 26% per year (95% Cl: 91%-33%) among MSM. Conclusions: Syphilis epidemics in MSM may be contributing to HIV incidence in this population. The STARHS can be applied as a surveillance tool to assess HIV incidence in various at-risk Populations, but further studies are necessary for validation. C1 Los Angeles Cty STD Program, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Publ Hlth Lab, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco STD Control Program, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Taylor, MM (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty STD Program, 2615 S Grand Ave,Room 500, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM metaylor@dhs.co.la.ca.us NR 16 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 5 BP 505 EP 508 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000157390.55503.8b PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 911QB UT WOS:000228018200001 PM 15793359 ER PT J AU Kabugo, C Bahendeka, S Mwebaze, R Malamba, S Katuntu, D Downing, R Mermin, J Weidle, PJ AF Kabugo, C Bahendeka, S Mwebaze, R Malamba, S Katuntu, D Downing, R Mermin, J Weidle, PJ TI Long-term experience providing Antiretroviral drugs in a fee-for-service HIV clinic in Uganda - Evidence of extended virologic and CD4+ cell count responses SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; Uganda; Africa ID RESOURCE-POOR SETTINGS; THERAPY; RESISTANCE AB Objective: To describe the long-term experience of providing antiretroviral (ARV) therapy, including CD4(+) cell count and virologic response, at St. Francis Hospital, Nsambya, Uganda. Methods: The HIV clinic established in 1998 is a fee-for-service model where patients pay for ARVs. The care of patients who started ARVs from August 1, 1998 until October 31, 2000 was evaluated through December 31, 2002. Data were collected at the HIV clinic on standardized clinical forms. These patients had free CD4(+) cell count and viral load testing performed at times determined by the physician. All persons who had >= 1 CD4(+) cell count or viral load done >= 90 days after starting therapy were evaluated. Results: Three hundred twenty-one patients (49% women, 66% ARV naive, median age = 38 years, median CD4(+) cell count = 79 cells/mm(3), and median viral load = 249,489 copies/mL) attended the HIV clinic. Two hundred sixty-three (82%) patients returned at least once after the initial visit, of whom 54 (21%) had an interruption in therapy for > 1 year. One hundred thirty-five patients were in care in 2002, 69 were known to have died (9 of whom died in 2002), and 68 were lost to follow-up. The probability of remaining alive and in care at I year was 0.56 (95% confidence interval [Cl]: 0.50-0.61), 0.46 (95% Cl: 0.41-0.51) at 2 years, 0.40 (95% Cl: 0.34-0.45) at 3 years, and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.29-0.41) at 4 years. In an on-treatment analysis,the median CD4(+) cell count increase during year 1 was +55 cells/mm(3), +112 Cells/mm(3) during year 2, +142 cells/mm(3) during year 3, and + 131 cells/mm(3) during year 4, The median log viral load change from baseline during year I was -1.4 copies/mL, -1.32 copies/mL during year 2, -1.9 copies/mL during year 3, and -1.51 copies/mL during year 4. Conclusions: This fee-for-service HIV clinic providing ARV treatment has successfully operated and managed patients for more than 4 years. Those who survived and remained on therapy derived long-term virologic and immunologic responses to ARV drugs in a manner similar to that observed in industrialized countries. Strategies to reduce the financial burden and other barriers to uninterrupted care as well as incentives to increase such practice models should be further explored in the African context. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Francis Hosp, Kampala, Uganda. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Uganda, Global AIDS Program, Entebbe, Uganda. RP Weidle, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pweidle@cdc.gov RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012 NR 14 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 5 BP 578 EP 583 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000134742.26338.2f PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 911QB UT WOS:000228018200011 PM 15793369 ER PT J AU MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Secura, GM Behel, S Bingham, T Celentano, DD Koblin, BA LaLota, M McFarland, W Shehan, D Thiede, H Torian, LV Janssen, RS AF MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Secura, GM Behel, S Bingham, T Celentano, DD Koblin, BA LaLota, M McFarland, W Shehan, D Thiede, H Torian, LV Janssen, RS CA Young Men Survey Study Grp TI Unrecognized HIV infection, risk behaviors, and perceptions of risk among young men who have sex with men - Opportunities for advancing HIV prevention in the third decade of HIV/AIDS SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE unrecognized HIV infection; young men who have sex with men ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; GAY MEN; SEROSTATUS DISCLOSURE; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; UNPROTECTED SEX; PREVALENCE AB This study evaluated the magnitude and distribution of unrecognized HIV infection among young men who have sex with men (MSM) and of those with unrecognized infection, the prevalence and correlates of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI), perceived low risk for infection, and delayed HIV testing. MSM aged 15-29 years were approached, interviewed, counseled, and tested for HIV at 263 randomly sampled venues in 6 US cities from 1994-2000. Of 5649 MSM participants, 573 (10%) tested positive for HIV Of these, 91% of black, 69% of Hispanic, and 60% of white MSM (77% overall) were unaware of their infection. The 439 MSM with unrecognized infection reported a total of 2253 male sex partners in the previous 6 months; 51% had UAI; 59% perceived that they were at low risk for being infected; and 55% had not tested in the previous year. The HIV epidemic among MSM in the United States continues unabated, in part, because many young HIV-infected MSM are unaware of their infection and unknowingly expose their partners to HIV To advance HIV prevention in the third decade of HlV/AlDS, prevention programs must reduce unrecognized infection among young MSM by increasing the demand for and availability of HIV testing services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. San Francisco Dept Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75230 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP MacKellar, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dym4@cdc.gov NR 70 TC 165 Z9 165 U1 7 U2 19 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 5 BP 603 EP 614 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000141481.48348.7e PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 911QB UT WOS:000228018200015 PM 15793373 ER PT J AU Schantz, PM Steurer, FJ Duprey, ZH Kurpel, KP Barr, SC Jackson, JE Breitschwerdt, EB Levy, MG Fox, JC AF Schantz, PM Steurer, FJ Duprey, ZH Kurpel, KP Barr, SC Jackson, JE Breitschwerdt, EB Levy, MG Fox, JC TI Autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis in dogs in North America SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES; CONGENITAL KALA-AZAR; CANINE LEISHMANIASIS; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; UNITED-STATES; TEXAS; PSYCHODIDAE; DIPTERA; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Cornell Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. RP Schantz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 46 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 226 IS 8 BP 1316 EP 1322 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.226.1316 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 915XT UT WOS:000228345600023 PM 15844420 ER PT J AU Kile, JC Panella, NA Komar, N Chow, CC MacNeil, A Robbins, B Bunning, ML AF Kile, JC Panella, NA Komar, N Chow, CC MacNeil, A Robbins, B Bunning, ML TI Serologic survey of cats and dogs during an epidemic of West Nile virus infection in humans SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CANCER-RISK; PET DOGS; NEW-YORK; SENTINELS; DIROFILARIASIS; ENCEPHALITIS AB Objective-To estimate West Nile virus (WNV) infection rates, assess environmental variables that correlated with seropositivity in dogs and cats, and assess whether pets should be considered as possible sentinels for WNV and therefore of potential human exposure. Design-Cross-sectional serosurvey. Animals-442 dogs and 138 cats. Procedure-Serum samples were screened for seropositivity against WNV by use of the plaque reduction neutralization test. Results-116 (26%) dogs and 13 (9%) cats yielded positive results. The odds of seropositivity against WNV for outdoor-only family dogs were almost 19 times as great as those for indoor-only family dogs and almost twice as great for stray dogs as for family dogs. Family dogs not receiving heartworm medication were 2.5 times as likely to yield positive results for antibodies against WNV as family dogs receiving heartworm medication. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Seropositivity was greater for outdoor family dogs than for indoor family dogs. Further investigation of the potential use of stray dogs as sentinel indicators for WNV infection and the potential risk of human exposure is warranted. C1 CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Tammany Parish Dept Anim Serv, Abita Springs, LA 70420 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Landmark Ctr, Omaha, NE 68102 USA. RP Kile, JC (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd SE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 226 IS 8 BP 1349 EP 1353 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.226.1349 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 915XT UT WOS:000228345600032 PM 15844427 ER PT J AU He, Q Moore, TT Eko, FO Lyn, D Ananaba, GA Martin, A Singh, S James, L Stiles, J Black, CM Igietseme, JU AF He, Q Moore, TT Eko, FO Lyn, D Ananaba, GA Martin, A Singh, S James, L Stiles, J Black, CM Igietseme, JU TI Molecular basis for the potency of IL-10-deficient dendritic cells as a highly efficient APC system for activating Th1 response SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIAL GENITAL-INFECTION; TOLL-LIKE RECEPTORS; T-CELL; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; MOUSE PNEUMONITIS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; IFN-GAMMA; INTERLEUKIN-12 PRODUCTION; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; IL-10 AB Identification and targeting of novel immunobiological factors that regulate the induction of Th1 cells are crucial for designing effective vaccines against certain intracellular pathogens, including Chlamydia. IL-10-deficient dendritic cells (DC) are potent APCs and effective cellular vaccines that activate a high frequency of specific Th1 cells. To elucidate the molecular basis for the potency of the IL-10-deficient APC system, we tested the hypothesis that Chlamydia Ag-primed IL-10 knockout (IL-10KO) DC are quantitatively and qualitatively distinct in their metabolic characteristics relating to T cell activation. Using a combination of RT-PCR, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and MALDI-TOF-based proteomics analyses, the transcriptional and translational activities of Chlamydia-pulsed DC from wild-type and IL-10KO mice were assessed. IL-10 deficiency caused early maturation and activation of pulsed DC (i.e., high CD11c, CD40, CD80, CD83, CD86, IL-1, IL-12, and the T cell-attracting chemokine CCL27/CTACK) and consequently an enhanced ability to process and present Ags for a rapid and robust T cell activation. Supporting comparative proteomics revealed further that IL-10 deficient DC possess specific immunobiological properties, e.g., the T cell-attracting chemokine CCL27/CTACK, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and the IL-1/IL-12 inducer, NKR-P1A (CD161), which differentiated them immunologically from wild-type DC that express molecules relating to anti-inflammatory, differentiative, and metabolic processes, e.g., the anti-IL-12 molecule peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha and thymidine kinase. Collectively, these results provide a molecular basis for the high Th1-activating capacity of IL-10KO APC and may provide unique immunomodulation targets when designing vaccines against pathogens controlled by T cell immunity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Clark Atlanta Univ, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Igietseme, JU (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Mailstop C17,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jigietseme@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08247, GM08248] NR 66 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 174 IS 8 BP 4860 EP 4869 PG 10 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 914NN UT WOS:000228234600053 PM 15814713 ER PT J AU Schwartz, B Gellin, B AF Schwartz, B Gellin, B TI Vaccination strategies for an influenza pandemic SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID VACCINES C1 Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Vaccine Program Off, Washington, DC USA. RP Schwartz, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bschwartz@osophs.dhhs.gov NR 15 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 8 BP 1207 EP 1209 DI 10.1086/428952 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 908QR UT WOS:000227804500001 PM 15776363 ER PT J AU Stephenson, I Bugarini, R Nicholson, KG Podda, A Wood, JM Zambon, MC Katz, JM AF Stephenson, I Bugarini, R Nicholson, KG Podda, A Wood, JM Zambon, MC Katz, JM TI Cross-reactivity to highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses after vaccination with nonadjuvanted and MF59-adjuvanted influenza A/duck/Singapore/97 (H5N3) vaccine: A potential priming strategy SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A H5N1; ANTIBODY; IMMUNITY AB Antigenically well-matched vaccines against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses are urgently required. Human serum samples after immunization with MF59 or nonadjuvanted A/duck/Singapore/97 (H5N3) vaccine were tested for antibody to 1997-2004 human H5N1 viruses. Antibody responses to 3 doses of nonadjuvanted vaccine were poor and were higher after MF59-adjuvanted vaccine, with seroconversion rates to A/HongKong/156/97, A/HongKong/213/03, A Thailand/16/04, and A/Vietnam/120/04 of 100% (P < .0001), 100% (P < .0001), 71% (P = .0004), and 43% (P = .0128) in 14 subjects, respectively, compared with 27%, 27%, 0% in 11 who received nonadjuvanted vaccine. These findings have implications for the rational design of pandemic vaccines against influenza H5. C1 Leicester Royal Infirm, Infect Dis Unit, Leicester LE1 SWW, Leics, England. Hlth Protect Agcy, Cent Publ Hlth Lab, Colindale, England. Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England. Chiron Vaccines, Siena, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stephenson, I (reprint author), Leicester Royal Infirm, Infect Dis Unit, Leicester LE1 SWW, Leics, England. EM iain.stephenson@uhl-tr-nhs.uk RI Podda, Audino/N-1680-2013 OI Podda, Audino/0000-0002-1340-4982 NR 15 TC 207 Z9 227 U1 0 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 8 BP 1210 EP 1215 DI 10.1086/428948 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 908QR UT WOS:000227804500002 PM 15776364 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE Gibbons, RV AF Rupprecht, CE Gibbons, RV TI Prophylaxis against rabies - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyr5@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 14 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 15 BP 1609 EP 1610 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 915SH UT WOS:000228324200033 ER PT J AU Kimura, AC Higa, JI Nguyen, C Vugia, DJ Dysart, M Ellingson, L Chelstrom, L Thurn, J Nichol, KL Poland, GA Dean, J Lees, KA Fishbein, DB AF Kimura, AC Higa, JI Nguyen, C Vugia, DJ Dysart, M Ellingson, L Chelstrom, L Thurn, J Nichol, KL Poland, GA Dean, J Lees, KA Fishbein, DB TI Interventions to increase influenza vaccination of health-care workers - California and Minnesota (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 196-199, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Gardena, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Minneapolis Vet Adm Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Coll Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kimura, AC (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Gardena, CA USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 13 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 14 BP 1719 EP 1721 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 915JS UT WOS:000228301100009 ER PT J AU Seys, S Musgrave, K Cassady, J Hunt, J Murphy, T AF Seys, S Musgrave, K Cassady, J Hunt, J Murphy, T TI Tularemia transmitted by insect bites - Wyoming, 2001-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 170-173, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. Drew Univ, Madison, NJ 07940 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Seys, S (reprint author), Wyoming Dept Hlth, Cheyenne, WY 82002 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 13 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 14 BP 1721 EP 1722 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 915JS UT WOS:000228301100010 ER PT J AU Leibson, CL Narayan, KMV AF Leibson, CL Narayan, KMV TI Trends in cardiovascular complications of diabetes SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter ID MELLITUS; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; ROCHESTER C1 Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leibson, CL (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. EM leibson@mayo.edu RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 13 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 14 BP 1723 EP 1723 DI 10.1001/jama.293.14.1723-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 915JS UT WOS:000228301100011 PM 15827304 ER PT J AU Altwaijri, Y Day, RS Harrist, R Dwyer, JT Ausman, LM Labarthe, DR AF Altwaijri, Y Day, RS Harrist, R Dwyer, JT Ausman, LM Labarthe, DR TI The effect of sexual maturation on the association between dietary intake and plasma total cholesterol concentration in children participating in project heartbeat! SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent & Nutr Phys Activity & Met, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst C1 King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 14 MA P18 BP E188 EP E188 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915EO UT WOS:000228280900044 ER PT J AU Denny, CH Croft, JB Strine, TW Greenlund, KJ AF Denny, CH Croft, JB Strine, TW Greenlund, KJ TI Impact of premature heart disease on inability to work and quality of life among US adults aged < 65 years, 2003 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent & Nutr Phys Activity & Met, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 14 MA P303 BP E246 EP E246 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915EO UT WOS:000228280900327 ER PT J AU Fan, AZ Hayes, DK Denny, CH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB AF Fan, AZ Hayes, DK Denny, CH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB TI Current alcohol consumption pattern, liver injury, and the metabolic syndrome: National health and nutrition examination survey 2001-2002 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent & Nutr Phys Activity & Met, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 14 MA P272 BP E240 EP E240 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915EO UT WOS:000228280900296 ER PT J AU Finkelstein, E Khavjou, O Will, J AF Finkelstein, E Khavjou, O Will, J TI Cost-effectiveness of the WISEWOMAN program aimed at reducing heart disease risk among low-income women SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent & Nutr Phys Activity & Met, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 14 MA P126 BP E211 EP E211 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915EO UT WOS:000228280900152 ER PT J AU George, M Yoon, SSS Myers, S Lux, L Wilson, D Heinrich, J Zheng, ZJ AF George, M Yoon, SSS Myers, S Lux, L Wilson, D Heinrich, J Zheng, ZJ TI Comparison of data completeness and agreement for acute stroke care registry using prospective and retrospective data collection methods: The Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry Prototype projects SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent & Nutr Phys Activity & Met, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RTI Int, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 14 MA P146 BP E215 EP E215 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915EO UT WOS:000228280900171 ER PT J AU Harris, CD Ayala, C Croft, J AF Harris, CD Ayala, C Croft, J TI Trends in pre-transport stroke deaths in the United States, 1999-2002 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent & Nutr Phys Activity & Met, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 14 MA P308 BP E247 EP E247 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915EO UT WOS:000228280900332 ER PT J AU Hayes, DK Denny, CH Croft, JB Sundaram, AA Keenan, NL Greenlund, KJ AF Hayes, DK Denny, CH Croft, JB Sundaram, AA Keenan, NL Greenlund, KJ TI Disparities in multiple cardiovascular risk factors among women, United States 2003 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent & Nutr Phys Activity & Met, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 14 MA P299 BP E245 EP E246 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915EO UT WOS:000228280900323 ER PT J AU Scheuner, MT Whitworth, WC Yoon, PW AF Scheuner, MT Whitworth, WC Yoon, PW TI Stratification of family history can effectively assess risk for coronary heart disease SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent & Nutr Phys Activity & Met, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 14 MA P280 BP E241 EP E241 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915EO UT WOS:000228280900304 ER PT J AU Scheuner, MT Whitworth, WC Yoon, PW AF Scheuner, MT Whitworth, WC Yoon, PW TI Family history of diabetes contributes to gender differences in coronary heart disease SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent & Nutr Phys Activity & Met, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst C1 CDC, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 14 MA P89 BP E203 EP E203 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915EO UT WOS:000228280900114 ER PT J AU Yoon, SS McGruder, HF Matters, M Liban, AA Denny, CH Zheng, ZJ AF Yoon, SS McGruder, HF Matters, M Liban, AA Denny, CH Zheng, ZJ TI Clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in the United States: The National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey, 1999-2002 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 45th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY APR 29-MAY 02, 2005 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Heart Assoc, Council Epidemiol & Prevent & Nutr Phys Activity & Met, Natl Heart Lung & Blood Inst C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 14 MA P298 BP E245 EP E245 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 915EO UT WOS:000228280900322 ER PT J AU Noonan, CW White, MC Thurman, D Wong, LY AF Noonan, CW White, MC Thurman, D Wong, LY TI Temporal and geographic variation in United States motor neuron disease mortality, 1969-1998 SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ALS; BIRTHPLACE; DIAGNOSIS; ENGLAND; WALES AB Objective: To describe temporal trends of motor neuron disease (MND) mortality in the United States. Variations in MND by demographic variables of sex, age, geography, and race/ethnicity were evaluated to assess the possible explanations for observed trends. Methods: Multiple-cause mortality files from the National Center for Health Statistics for the years 1969 through 1998 were searched for all United States death records with codes corresponding to MND. Age-adjusted mortality rates were calculated by sex, race/ethnicity, age, birth cohort, and place of death. Results: Overall MND mortality rates increased from 1.25 per 100,000 to 1.82 per 100,000, representing a 46% increase during the 30-year period. Rates among women increased by 60% and continue to rise. Rates among men rose by 35% during this period but have leveled off in the most recent decade evaluated. Mortality rates among African Americans and Hispanics were approximately 50% lower than rates among non-Hispanic whites. A southeast to northwest gradient was observed when rates were grouped by 12 geographic areas. MND mortality rates per 100,000 (and 95% CI) ranged from 2.22 (1.89 to 2.55) in the Northwest to 1.57 (1.44 to 1.71) in the Southeast. Conclusions: Variations in motor neuron disease ( MND) mortality by time, race/ethnicity, sex, and geography were consistent with the hypothesis that environmental exposures, combined with factors of genetic susceptibility, play a role in the development of MND. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Hlth Invest Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Noonan, CW (reprint author), Univ Montana, Dept Biomed & Pharmaceutical Sci, Ctr Environm Hlth Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. EM curtis.noonan@umontana.edu RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012; Noonan, Curtis/B-2198-2015 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962; NR 30 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 64 IS 7 BP 1215 EP 1221 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 915BO UT WOS:000228272800023 PM 15824349 ER PT J AU Berry, RJ Kihlberg, R Devine, O AF Berry, RJ Kihlberg, R Devine, O TI Impact of misclassification of in vitro fertilisation in studies of folic acid and twinning: modelling using population based Swedish vital records SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE BIRTHS; SUPPLEMENTATION; FORTIFICATION; PREGNANCY; INFANTS; COHORT; RATES; BORN; RISK AB Objective To determine whether failure to adequately adjust for a reported 40% misclassification of use of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) as reported in a Swedish study could have led to a false finding that folic acid increases dizygotic twinning. Design Modelling with population based data. Setting Swedish vital records for 1995-9. Main outcome measures Rates of twinning calculated according to whether women used AT to become pregnant. Estimated unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of the association between use of folic acid and twinning by use of IVF. Results In 1995-9, Swedish women who used IVF had almost 20 times the chance of having twins than women who did not use IVF (rate ratio 19.7, 95% confidence interval 18.7 to 20.6). In the absence of true effect of folic acid, the use of a 40% misclassified surrogate variable to adjust for use of IVF would have resulted in a false finding that folic acid was associated with a more than twofold increase in twinning. Conclusion Use of IVF is a strong confounder because it is associated with both use of folic acid and twinning. Even when misclassification of IVF was reduced to 5%, this bias persisted in the adjusted model. Using a 40% misclassified surrogate to adjust for IVF, as reported in the Swedish study, probably led to a false finding that folic acid increased dizygotic twinning. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM RJBerry@cdc.gov OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1756-1833 J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD APR 9 PY 2005 VL 330 IS 7495 BP 815 EP 818 DI 10.1136/bmj.38369.437789.82 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 915BZ UT WOS:000228273900015 PM 15722370 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK Hageman, JC Morrison, M Sanza, LT Como-Sabetti, K Jernigan, JA Harriman, K Harrison, LH Lynfield, R Farley, MM AF Fridkin, SK Hageman, JC Morrison, M Sanza, LT Como-Sabetti, K Jernigan, JA Harriman, K Harrison, LH Lynfield, R Farley, MM CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus disease in three communities SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; CLINDAMYCIN TREATMENT; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; SKIN; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BACTEREMIA; VANCOMYCIN AB BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection has emerged in patients who do not have the established risk factors. The national burden and clinical effect of this novel presentation of MRSA disease are unclear. METHODS: We evaluated MRSA infections in patients identified from population-based surveillance in Baltimore and Atlanta and from hospital-laboratory-based sentinel surveillance of 12 hospitals in Minnesota. Information was obtained by interviewing patients and by reviewing their medical records. Infections were classified as community-acquired MRSA disease if no established risk factors were identified. RESULTS: From 2001 through 2002, 1647 cases of community-acquired MRSA infection were reported, representing between 8 and 20 percent of all MRSA isolates. The annual disease incidence varied according to site (25.7 cases per 100,000 population in Atlanta vs. 18.0 per 100,000 in Baltimore) and was significantly higher among persons less than two years old than among those who were two years of age or older (relative risk, 1.51; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.19 to 1.92) and among blacks than among whites in Atlanta (age-adjusted relative risk, 2.74; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.44 to 3.07). Six percent of cases were invasive, and 77 percent involved skin and soft tissue. The infecting strain of MRSA was often (73 percent) resistant to prescribed antimicrobial agents. Among patients with skin or soft-tissue infections, therapy to which the infecting strain was resistant did not appear to be associated with adverse patient-reported outcomes. Overall, 23 percent of patients were hospitalized for the MRSA infection. CONCLUSIONS: Community-associated MRSA infections are now a common and serious problem. These infections usually involve the skin, especially among children, and hospitalization is common. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DBMD, MDB, MS C-09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM skf0@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 888 Z9 942 U1 6 U2 62 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 EI 1533-4406 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD APR 7 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 14 BP 1436 EP 1444 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa043252 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 913IP UT WOS:000228145200007 PM 15814879 ER PT J AU Goeller, D Blythe, D Davenport, M Blackburn, M Flannery, B Lucas, C Fields, B Moore, M Hicks, L AF Goeller, D Blythe, D Davenport, M Blackburn, M Flannery, B Lucas, C Fields, B Moore, M Hicks, L CA CDC TI Legionnaires disease associated with potable water in a hotel - Ocean City, Maryland, October 2003 February 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pgs 165-168, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Worcester Cty Hlth Dept, Snow Hill, MD 21863 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Goeller, D (reprint author), Worcester Cty Hlth Dept, Snow Hill, MD 21863 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 6 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 13 BP 1584 EP 1585 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 913EV UT WOS:000228135300004 ER PT J AU Tucker, M Eichold, B Micher, K Lofgren, JP Schier, J Belson, M Patel, M Rubin, C AF Tucker, M Eichold, B Micher, K Lofgren, JP Schier, J Belson, M Patel, M Rubin, C CA CDC TI Brief report: Acute illness from dry ice exposure during Hurricane Ivan - Alabama, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pgs 182-1183, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Mobile Cty Hlth Dept, Mobile, AL 36644 USA. Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Montgomery, AL 36130 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tucker, M (reprint author), Mobile Cty Hlth Dept, Mobile, AL 36644 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD APR 6 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 13 BP 1585 EP 1586 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 913EV UT WOS:000228135300005 ER PT J AU Robinson, DA Kearns, AM Holmes, A Morrison, D Grundmann, H Edwards, G O'Brien, FG Tenover, FC McDougal, LK Monk, AB Enright, MC AF Robinson, DA Kearns, AM Holmes, A Morrison, D Grundmann, H Edwards, G O'Brien, FG Tenover, FC McDougal, LK Monk, AB Enright, MC TI Re-emergence of early pandemic Staphylococcus aureus as a community-acquired meticillin-resistant clone SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; EMERGENCE; STRAINS AB During the 1950s, the notorious penicillin-resistant clone of Staphylococcus aureus known as phage type 80/81 emerged and caused serious hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections worldwide. This clone was largely eliminated in the 1960s, concurrent with the widespread use of penicillinase-resistant beta lactams. We investigated whether early 80/81 isolates had the genes for Panton-Valentine leucocidin, a toxin associated with virulence in healthy young people. Multilocus sequence analysis suggested that descendants of 80/81 have acquired meticillin resistance, are re-emerging as a community-acquired meticillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) clone, and represent a sister lineage to pandemic hospital-acquired MRSA. C1 Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. Hlth Protect Agcy, Lab Healthcare Associated Infect, Specialist & Reference Microbiol Div, London, England. Stobhill Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Scottish MRSA Reference Lab, Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, RIVM, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Biomed Sci, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Enright, MC (reprint author), Univ Bath, Dept Biol & Biochem, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. EM m.c.enright@bath.ac.uk NR 5 TC 178 Z9 183 U1 2 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD APR 2 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9466 BP 1256 EP 1258 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)74814-5 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 912VI UT WOS:000228107600029 PM 15811459 ER PT J AU Halkitis, PN Green, KA Remien, RH Stirratt, MJ Hoff, CC Wolitski, RJ Parsons, JT AF Halkitis, PN Green, KA Remien, RH Stirratt, MJ Hoff, CC Wolitski, RJ Parsons, JT TI Seroconcordant sexual partnerings of HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE seroconcordant; HIV-positive; MSM; drug use; UAI ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; GAY MEN; RISK BEHAVIOR; BISEXUAL MEN; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; METHODOLOGICAL CHALLENGES; PRIMARY INFECTION; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; CONDOM USE AB Objectives: To describe the sexual behaviors of HIV-positive men with their seroconcordant partners and to determine the factors associated with unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) in these sexual partnerings. Methods: The data were drawn from the baseline assessment of a randomized controlled intervention study of 1168 HIV-positive men who have sex with men recruited from mainstream gay venues, AIDS service organizations, and public/commercial sex environments. Results: Of the 1168 men, 596 engaged in sexual experiences with other HIV-positive men, and 371 of the 596 (62%) practised UAI with their seroconcordant partners. Those who engaged in UAI expressed less self-evaluation with regard to their unsafe sexual practices, had higher levels of hedonism associated with unsafe sex, and were more likely both to inject recreation drugs and use methamphetamine in particular. Furthermore, these participants expressed less concern with regard to HIV re-infection, infection with other sexually transmitted infections, and the transmission of pathogens causing opportunistic infections. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that at least three sets of factors predispose HIV-positive men to engage in unsafe anal sexual behaviors with their concordant partners: a decreased belief that infection with other pathogens or re-infection with HIV present health problems; less evaluation of sexual activities and behaviors; more hedonistic expectations of sex and higher levels of sexual compulsivity, as well as recreational drug use with and without sex. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 NYU, Dept Appl Psychol, Ctr Hlth Identity Behav & Prevent Studies, New York, NY 10003 USA. Columbia Univ, New York Psychiat Inst, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STI & TB Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Halkitis, PN (reprint author), NYU, Dept Appl Psychol, Ctr Hlth Identity Behav & Prevent Studies, Room 408G,239 Greene St, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM perry.halkitis@nyu.edu RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH043520]; ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU 216471, UR3/CCU 916470] NR 62 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S77 EP S86 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000167354.09912.83 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600008 PM 15838197 ER PT J AU Halkitis, PN Wilton, L Wolitski, RJ Parsons, JT Hoff, CC Bimbi, DS AF Halkitis, PN Wilton, L Wolitski, RJ Parsons, JT Hoff, CC Bimbi, DS TI Barebacking identity among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men: demographic, psychological, and behavioral correlates SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE barebacking; drug use; gay and bisexual men; health risk; HIV seropositivity; sex behavior ID NEW-YORK-CITY; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; RISK BEHAVIOR; HEPATITIS-C; SEX; INFECTION; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8; SUPERINFECTION; SEROCONVERSION; RELIABILITY AB Objectives: To determine the correlates associated with barebacking identity among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. Design: An analysis of data from the baseline quantitative assessment of a randomized controlled intervention study of 1168 HIV-positive gay and bisexual men from New York City and San Francisco. Methods: Participants were actively and passively recruited from mainstream gay venues, AIDS service organizations, and public and commercial sex environments. Participants completed a computerized quantitative questionnaire assessing their identity as a barebacker, sexual behavior, demographic factors, psychosocial states, perceptions of health risks, and substance use. Results: Men of color were less likely to identify themselves as barebackers. Men who did identify themselves as barebackers were slightly younger. They were more likely to miss a dose of medication; report drug use (non-injection and injection); exhibit higher levels of sexual compulsivity and lower personal responsibility for safer sex; and report higher rates of unprotected insertive anal intercourse, unprotected receptive anal intercourse, and unprotected insertive oral intercourse with all partners, regardless of their HIV serostatus. Conclusion: Barebacking and its corresponding behaviors pose immediate public health risks for HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. Further work is needed to understand this phenomenon more fully in relation to the psychological, sociological, biomedical, and cultural realities. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 NYU, Dept Appl Psychol, Ctr Hlth Identity Behav & Prevent Studies, New York, NY 10003 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Human Dev, New York, NY USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Africana Studies, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Halkitis, PN (reprint author), NYU, Dept Appl Psychol, Ctr Hlth Identity Behav & Prevent Studies, Room 537G,239 Greene St, New York, NY 10003 USA. EM perry.halkitis@nyu.edu RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU 216471, UR3/CCU 916470] NR 48 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S27 EP S35 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000167349.23374.a3 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600003 PM 15838192 ER PT J AU Ibanez, GE Purcell, DW Stall, R Parsons, JT Gomez, CA AF Ibanez, GE Purcell, DW Stall, R Parsons, JT Gomez, CA TI Sexual risk, substance use, and psychological distress in HIV-positive gay and bisexual men who also inject drugs SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV-positive; injection drug users; men who have sex with men; sexual risk ID SAN-FRANCISCO; BEHAVIORS; HEALTH; INFECTION; HIV/AIDS AB Objectives: Gay and bisexual men and injection drug users (IDU) are the two main groups at risk of HIV exposure in the United States, but few studies have focused on the intersection of these two groups. Little is known about HIV-positive gay and bisexual IDU. The aim of this study is to identify and compare differences in HIV transmission risk behaviors and psychological distress in HIV-positive gay and bisexual men by injection versus non-injection drug use. Methods: Data were from the baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial of an HIV prevention intervention for HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. Results: Of the 1168 men, 236 (20%) reported injection drug use, 500 (43%) reported only non-injection drug use, and 422 (36%) reported no drug use. More of the IDU reported having sex with women, and identified themselves as 'barebackers' (i.e. men who intentionally have unprotected anal intercourse). IDU reported more unprotected sexual behaviors than men who did not use drugs, but their sexual risk behaviors were similar to those of men who used non-injection drugs. IDU, compared with other drug users, reported more use of non-injected methamphetamine, amphetamine, barbiturates, and gamma hydroxybutyrate. More IDU, compared with the other two groups, reported sexual abuse, anxiety, and hostility. Conclusion: HIV-positive gay and bisexual IDU are a distinct group from other HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. Prevention case management and interventions that help men cope with multiple health concerns and prevent HIV transmission are needed for this population. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ Res Fellow, Oak Ridge, TN USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Ibanez, GE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM gbi2@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S49 EP S55 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600005 PM 15838194 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Wolitski, RJ Remien, RH Woods, WJ Parsons, JT Moss, S Lyles, CM AF O'Leary, A Wolitski, RJ Remien, RH Woods, WJ Parsons, JT Moss, S Lyles, CM TI Psychosocial correlates of transmission risk behavior among HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE social cognitive theory; HIV-positive MSM; transmission risk behavior ID POSITIVE MEN; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION; ABUSE AB Objectives: We sought to identify the determinants of sexual transmission risk behavior by HIV-positive individuals. We examined social cognitive theory (SCT) variables, which have been found to mediate the effectiveness of HIV risk reduction interventions. We also sought to identify contextual influences that might contribute to initial levels of SCT factors such as self-efficacy. Method: In the present study, a series of social cognitive variables and a number of factors hypothesized to influence self-efficacy were assessed among participants at baseline in the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial. Variables tested for their effects on self-efficacy included hedonistic and self-evaluative outcome expectancies, sexual compulsivity, a history of childhood sexual abuse, drug use, and race. Models predicting condom use during anal sex with partners of HIV-negative or unknown status were tested separately for main partners and for non-main partners. Results: Self-efficacy was associated with condom use in both analyses. Contextual influences on condom use with main partners were fewer and operated mostly via effects on self-efficacy. Influences on condom use with non-main partners exerted both direct effects on condom use and effects mediated by self-efficacy. Drug use was predictive of condom use with non-main, but not main, partners. Discussion: The present results support the approach of addressing both standard SCT factors, and when possible contextual factors in interventions for HIV-positive men. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. HIV Ctr Clin & Behav Sci, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aoleary@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH043520]; ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU 916470, UR3/CCU 216471] NR 26 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S67 EP S75 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000167353.02289.b9 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600007 PM 15838196 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Hoff, CC Purcell, DW Gomez, CA Parsons, JT Hardnett, F Lyles, CM AF O'Leary, A Hoff, CC Purcell, DW Gomez, CA Parsons, JT Hardnett, F Lyles, CM TI What happened in the SUMIT trial? Mediation and behavior change SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE social cognitive theory; intervention mediation; personal responsibility; self-evaluative outcome expectancies; HIV-positive MSM ID SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIORS; HIV RISK AB Objectives: We wished to identify which potential mediators of the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial (SUMIT) intervention were in fact changed by the intervention, and further to identify which among these factors distinguished men who decreased their risk behavior relative to those who increased it, irrespective of the intervention arm. Methods: We examined social cognitive theory and other psychosocial variables that the intervention was designed to affect (potential mediators) in both sets of analyses. These were assessed at baseline, 3-month follow-up, and 6-month follow-up. We tested which potential mediators were changed by the intervention relative to the comparison arm, and which of these factors distinguished men discontinuing risk behavior [unprotected insertive anal intercourse (UIAI) or UIAI with HIV-negative or status-unknown partners] compared with those initiating it. Results: Factors changed by the intervention included partner serostatus assumption making, hedonistic condom outcome expectancies, anxiety and depression. Factors associated with behavioral risk reduction included personal responsibility to protect others from infection and self-evaluative outcome expectancies regarding transmission risk behavior. These constructs are similar and involve the engagement of moral processes and altruism in sexual behavior with others. Discussion: The present results suggest that, although we designed the intervention to enhance personal responsibility to protect others from HIV, we were not successful in this goal. However, changes in this factor did prove to be an important correlate of behavior change. Possible ways to design and deliver more successful interventions are discussed. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aoleary@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU 916470, UR3/CCU 216471] NR 21 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S111 EP S121 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000167357.94664.10 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600011 PM 15838189 ER PT J AU Parsons, JT Schrimshaw, EW Bimbi, DS Wolitski, RJ Gomez, CA Halkitis, PN AF Parsons, JT Schrimshaw, EW Bimbi, DS Wolitski, RJ Gomez, CA Halkitis, PN TI Consistent, inconsistent, and non-disclosure to casual sexual partners among HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE bisexual; disclosure; gay; HIV; seropositive ID SELF-DISCLOSURE; POSITIVE MEN; RISK BEHAVIORS; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; SEROSTATUS; SCALE; RESPONSIBILITY; RELIABILITY; PREVENTION AB objective: This study examined the disclosure of HIV status to casual sex partners, factors related to disclosure, and the relationship between disclosure and HIV sexual risk behaviors amonga sampleof HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in New York City and San Francisco. Comparisons were made particularly among men who reported consistent disclosure, inconsistent disclosure, and non-disclosure. Method: The data from a baseline assessment of 1168 HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in the two cities were utilized. Men were recruited from a variety of community-based venues, through advertising, and other techniques. Results: Consistent disclosers reported greater self-efficacy for disclosing and more intentions to disclose than other men. They also reported less drug use, lower incomes, and more perceived viral consequences resulting from unsafe sex than did inconsistent disclosers. Overall, sexual risk behaviors were greater among inconsistent disclosers, followed by non-disclosers, with consistent disclosers reporting the fewest HIV sexual risk behaviors. Conclusion: Disclosure is not an all-or-nothing process, as evidenced by the 38% of men in the sample who reported disclosing to some, but not all, of their casual sexual partners. These inconsistent disclosers, who reported the most sexual risk practices, seem to lack strategies to deal with disclosure and risky sex. Some men who never disclose appear to have been able to adopt strategies by which they do not engage in sexual risk with casual partners. Interventions to improve self-efficacy for disclosure and help HIV-positive gay and bisexual men to identify and adopt specific strategies to address disclosure and safe sex are needed. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. CHEST, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. RP Parsons, JT (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM jeffrey.parsons@hunter.cuny.edu RI Schrimshaw, Eric/A-5903-2008; Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU 216471, UR3/CCU 916470] NR 39 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S87 EP S97 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000167355.87041.63 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600009 PM 15838198 ER PT J AU Parsons, JT Schrimshaw, EW Wolitski, RJ Halkitis, PN Purcell, DW Hoff, CC Gomez, CA AF Parsons, JT Schrimshaw, EW Wolitski, RJ Halkitis, PN Purcell, DW Hoff, CC Gomez, CA TI Sexual harm reduction practices of HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men: serosorting, strategic positioning, and withdrawal before ejaculation SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; seropositive; serosorting; harm reduction; gay; bisexual ID UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; RISK BEHAVIOR; PREEJACULATORY FLUID; SAN-FRANCISCO; TRANSMISSION; PARTNERS; SEROCONVERSION; SEROSTATUS AB Objective: This study assessed unprotected anal and oral sex behaviors of HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in New York City and San Francisco with their main and nonmain sexual partners. Here we focus on the use of three harm reduction strategies (serosorting, strategic positioning, and withdrawal before ejaculation) in order to decrease transmission risk. Method: The data from a baseline assessment of 1168 HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in the two cities,were utilized. Men were recruited from a variety of community-based venues, through advertising and other techniques. Results: City differences were identified, with more men in San Francisco reporting sexual risk behaviors across all partner types compared with men in New York City. Serosorting was identified, with men reporting significantly more oral and anal sex acts with other HIV-positive,partners than with HIV-negative partners. However, men, also reported more unprotected sex with partners of unknown status compared with their other partners. Some evidence of strategic positioning was identified, although differences were noted across cities and across different types of partners. Men in both cities reported more acts of oral sex without ejaculation than with ejaculation, but the use of withdrawal as a harm reduction strategy for anal sex was more common among men from San Francisco. Conclusion: Overall, evidence for harm reduction was identified; however, significant differences across the two cities were found. The complicated nature of the sexual practices of gay and bisexual men are discussed, and the findings have important implications for prevention efforts and future research studies. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. CHEST, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Parsons, JT (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, 695 Pk Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM jeffrey.parsons@hunter.cuny.edu RI Schrimshaw, Eric/A-5903-2008; Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU 216471, UR3/CCU 916470] NR 56 TC 173 Z9 177 U1 1 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S13 EP S25 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000167348.15750.9a PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600002 PM 15838191 ER PT J AU Purcell, DW Moss, S Remien, RH Woods, WJ Parsons, JT AF Purcell, DW Moss, S Remien, RH Woods, WJ Parsons, JT TI Illicit substance use, sexual risk, and HIV-positive gay and bisexual men: differences by serostatus of casual partners SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE drug use; gay and bisexual men; HIV-positive; HIV transmission risk; men who have sex with men; substance use ID UNPROTECTED ANAL INTERCOURSE; METHAMPHETAMINE USE; SITUATIONAL FACTORS; HOMOSEXUAL-MEN; UNSAFE SEX; YOUNG MEN; DRUG-USE; TRANSMISSION; BEHAVIOR; ABUSE AB Objective: To examine the use of alcohol and illicit drugs among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men and to determine substance-use-related predictors of unprotected sex with casual partners who were HIV negative, HIV positive, or whose serostatus was unknown. Design: Cross-sectional assessment of baseline data from a behavioral intervention. Methods: From 1999 to 2001, we recruited 1168 HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in New York City and San Francisco and determined the prevalence of drinking and drug use, as well as the use of substances with sex. We then examined associations between substance use variables and risky sexual behaviors with casual partners by partner serostatus. Results: Substance use was common, and the use of 'party drugs' [e.g. methamphetamine, nitrate inhalants (poppers), ketamine, and gamma hydroxybutyrate] was most often associated with sexual risk in multivariate models. Substance use before or during sex was not associated with risk with HIV-negative partners, but was associated with risk with HIV-positive and unknown-serostatus partners. Conclusion: Substance use before or during sex was not associated with risk with HIV-negative partners, suggesting that disclosure by HIV-negative sexual partners of HIV-positive men may be important. Being a user of particular party drugs was associated with recent risk with HIV-negative partners. With partners whose serostatus was unknown, the use of certain party drugs and using substances in the context of sex was associated with risk, possibly as a result of reliance on assumptions of seroconcordance. This same pattern was seen for HIV-positive casual partners. These data have intervention implications for both HIV-positive and HIV-negative men. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Purcell, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dpurcell@cdc.gov FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH043520]; ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU 916470, UR3/CCU 216471] NR 47 TC 80 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S37 EP S47 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000167350.00503.db PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600004 PM 15838193 ER PT J AU Purcell, DW Wolitski, RJ Hoff, CC Parsons, JT Woods, WJ Halkitis, PN AF Purcell, DW Wolitski, RJ Hoff, CC Parsons, JT Woods, WJ Halkitis, PN TI Predictors of the use of viagra, testosterone, and antidepressants among HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE antidepressants; gay and bisexual men; HIV-positive; men who have sex with men; sexual risk behavior; testosterone; viagra ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; USE ANABOLIC-STEROIDS; SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; SAN-FRANCISCO; SUBSTANCE USE; REPLACEMENT THERAPY; POSITIVE MEN; DRUG-USE; DISEASE; DISTURBANCES AB Objective: To examine the use and correlates of the use of prescription drugs that may affect sexual behavior among HIV-positive gay and bisexual men. Methods: In a cross-sectional assessment of baseline data from a behavioral intervention, we recruited 1168 HIV-positive gay and bisexual men in 2000-2001 from community venues in New York City and San Francisco, and determined the point prevalence of the use of viagra, testosterone, and antidepressants. We examined bivariate and multivariate associations between the use of each drug and demographics, health status, substance use, psychological symptoms, and sexual risk. Results: The current use of antidepressants was 21%, testosterone 19%, and viagra 12%. Some viagra users reported using drugs that could interact dangerously with viagra. The use of viagra, testosterone, or antidepressants was related to unprotected receptive anal intercourse and unprotected insertive oral intercourse (UIOI) with both HIV-positive and HIV-negative/unknown-status casual partners. The use of viagra was also associated with unprotected insertive anal intercourse. In multivariate models, viagra use was associated with being older, more educated, using ketamine, and engaging in UIOI with HIV-negative/unknown-status casual partners. Testosterone use was associated with being more educated and using nitrites (poppers). Antidepressant use was associated with race, using poppers, and being more depressed. Conclusion: Prescription medications used by HIV-positive men can have unintended negative effects such as drug interactions or associations with risky sexual behavior, particularly a drug such as viagra that is fast acting, short lasting, and provides a desirable effect. Physicians should discuss these issues with patients when prescribing, and interventions should address these challenges. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. RP Purcell, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dpurcell@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU 916470, UR3/CCU 216471] NR 46 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S57 EP S66 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000167352.08127.76 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600006 PM 15838195 ER PT J AU Stall, R van Griensven, F AF Stall, R van Griensven, F TI New directions in research regarding prevention for positive individuals: questions raised by the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; homosexuality; prevention; risk behavior; syndemics ID VIRUS TYPE-1 SUPERINFECTION; HIV TRANSMISSION; PERCEIVED RISK; SEX; INFECTION; GAY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Stall, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rys@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S123 EP S127 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000167358.32783.ca PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600012 PM 15838190 ER PT J AU Wolitski, RJ Gomez, CA Parsons, JT AF Wolitski, RJ Gomez, CA Parsons, JT CA SUMIT Study Grp TI Effects of a peer-led behavioral intervention to reduce HIV transmission and promote serostatus disclosure among HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE gay and bisexual men; sex behavior; disclosure; HIV seropositivity; prevention; randomized controlled trial; transmission risk ID RANDOMIZED CLINICAL-TRIAL; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; POSITIVE PEOPLE; RISK BEHAVIOR; SEX; PREVENTION AB Objectives: To evaluate the effects of an enhanced peer-led intervention on transmission risk behavior and serostatus disclosure of HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men. Design: A randomized intervention trial. Methods: HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men were recruited from New York City and San Francisco and were randomly assigned to either a standard or an enhanced intervention. The standard intervention consisted of one session that provided safer sex information. The enhanced intervention consisted of six sessions and included safer sex information, interactive learning activities, and discussion groups that were facilitated by HIV-seropositive peers. Participants completed audio computer-assisted self interview (A-CASI) assessments at baseline and 3 and 6-month follow-ups. Optional testing for sexually transmitted infections was offered at baseline and the 6-month follow-up. Results: A total of 811 participants met the inclusion criteria for outcome analyses. Of these, 85 and 90% were retained for the 3 and 6-month follow-ups, respectively. Compared with the standard intervention, fewer men assigned to the enhanced intervention reported unprotected receptive anal intercourse with a negative or unknown-serostatus partner at 3 months (21 versus 26%, P < 0.05). However, there were no other significant differences in transmission risk or serostatus disclosure at 3 or 6 months. Conclusion: The enhanced intervention was associated with only a limited reduction in transmission risk at 3 months relative to the standard intervention. The characteristics of the intervention that may have reduced its efficacy are identified and directions for future research are suggested. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CHEST, New York, NY USA. RP Wolitski, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rwolitski@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU 216471, UR3/CCU 916470] NR 35 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S99 EP S109 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000167356.94664.59 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600010 PM 15838199 ER PT J AU Wolitski, RJ Parsons, JT Gomez, CA Purcell, DW Hoff, CC Halkitis, PN AF Wolitski, RJ Parsons, JT Gomez, CA Purcell, DW Hoff, CC Halkitis, PN CA SUMIT Study Grp TI Prevention with gay and bisexual men living with HIV: rationale and methods of the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial (SUMIT) SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV seropositivity; gay and bisexual men; sex behavior; serostatus disclosure; randomized controlled trial ID SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIOR; POSITIVE MEN; AIDS-PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; PEOPLE; RESPONSIBILITY; EPIDEMIC AB Objectives: To provide a public health rationale for prevention with HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men and to describe the methods of the Seropositive Urban Men's Intervention Trial (SUMIT). Design: A randomized intervention trial. Methods: Self-identified HIV-positive gay and bisexual men were recruited from community-based venues in New York City and San Francisco. Eligible participants completed an A-CASI baseline assessment, were asked to provide samples for sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing, and were randomly assigned to either a single-session intervention or a six-session enhanced intervention designed to reduce HIV transmission risk and promote serostatus disclosure. Participants who attended the first intervention session were assessed 3 and 6 months post-intervention. STI testing was offered at the 6-month assessment. Results: A total of 1168 self-identified HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men completed the baseline assessment, and 1110 of these (95%) opted for STI testing. A total of 811 attended the first intervention session, of which 85% were assessed at 3 months and 90% were assessed at 6 months. Of those assessed at 6 months, 92% (670/729) provided a blood or urine sample for STI testing. Conclusion: SUMIT demonstrates the feasibility and acceptability of prevention research with HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men. The study provides new information about the sexual behavior, serostatus disclosure practices, and the efficacy of an intervention to reduce HIV transmission risk. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. CHEST, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. RP Wolitski, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rwolitski@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU 216471, UR3/CCU 916470] NR 60 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3261 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 SU 1 BP S1 EP S11 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000167347.77632.cd PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 992JG UT WOS:000233879600001 PM 15838188 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Koenig, LJ Lampe, MA Wright, R Leiss, J Saul, J AF Anderson, JE Koenig, LJ Lampe, MA Wright, R Leiss, J Saul, J TI Achieving universal HIV screening in prenatal care in the United States: Provider persistence pays off SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; ATTITUDES AB Routine voluntary HIV testing with the right to decline ( the "opt-out" approach) is recommended for all pregnant women in the United States but not all are tested. We examined data from surveys of prenatal care providers to identify factors associated with universal testing among patients. Data are from a probability survey conducted in 1999 with prenatal care providers in four separate areas. Survey participants completed a self-administered questionnaire. We computed the percentage of providers reporting universal testing by characteristics of the provider's practice, medical specialty, how strongly they encouraged testing, perceptions of patients' risk, and whether they saw patients in public clinics. In the four locations ( Brooklyn, New York; North Carolina; Connecticut; and Dade County, Florida) 95% - 99% of providers reported that they routinely offered HIV testing to all pregnant women; the average percentage tested was 64% - 89%. The percentage reporting that all of their patients were tested ranged from 12% - 62%. The percent of providers reporting universal testing was positively associated with the degree to which testing was encouraged, particularly encouragement to women perceived to be low risk. In some areas, universal testing varied by medical profession, with obstetric physicians and residents, and nurse - midwives reporting a lower percentage of universal testing than family practice physicians and residents. To achieve the goal of routine HIV testing of all pregnant women, education and training must be delivered to all prenatal care providers. This training should emphasize the importance of routine testing. Even with the opt-out approach, many women may decline testing if their doctor does not recommend and encourage HIV testing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Constella Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jeal@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 247 EP 252 DI 10.1089/apc.2005.19.247 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 922UN UT WOS:000228864800006 PM 15857196 ER PT J AU Zhang, XP Norris, SL Gregg, EW Cheng, YLJ Beckles, G Kahn, HS AF Zhang, XP Norris, SL Gregg, EW Cheng, YLJ Beckles, G Kahn, HS TI Depressive symptoms and mortality among persons with and without diabetes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE depression; diabetes mellitus; mortality ID PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; FOLLOW-UP; AFFECTIVE-DISORDER; MAJOR DEPRESSION; INCREASED RISK; UNITED-STATES; OLDER-ADULTS; HEALTH AB Although people with diabetes mellitus have a high risk of depression and depression may increase mortality among people with other conditions, the impact of depression on mortality risk among people with diabetes needs further examination. Using survival analysis, the authors analyzed longitudinal data from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (1982-1992). The findings showed that the presence of severe depressive symptoms significantly elevated mortality risk among US adults with diabetes; the same pattern was not observed among people without diabetes. After results were controlled for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-status variables, diabetic persons with Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale scores of 16 or more had 54% greater mortality than those with scores under 16 (p = 0.004). After exclusion of participants who died during the first year of follow-up, mortality remained higher among those with CES-D scores greater than or equal to 22 as compared with those with CES-D scores less than 16, but not among those with CES-D scores between 16 and 21. No significant relation between depression and mortality was found in the nondiabetic population. This analysis indicates that diabetes modifies the effect of depression on mortality. It also demonstrates the importance of observing subgroups, rather than aggregated populations, when examining the effect of depression on mortality. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Outcomes & Effectiveness, Rockville, MD USA. RP Zhang, XP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM xbz2@cdc.gov OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 72 TC 170 Z9 179 U1 2 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 7 BP 652 EP 660 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi089 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 910TH UT WOS:000227954600006 PM 15781954 ER PT J AU Epstein, MP Veal, CD Trembath, RC Barker, JNWN Li, C Satten, GA AF Epstein, MP Veal, CD Trembath, RC Barker, JNWN Li, C Satten, GA TI Genetic association analysis using data from triads and unrelated subjects SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION DISEQUILIBRIUM TEST; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; DISEASE GENES; DIABETES-MELLITUS; FAMILY DATA; PARENT; LIKELIHOOD; TESTS AB The selection of an appropriate control sample for use in association mapping requires serious deliberation. Unrelated controls are generally easy to collect, but the resulting analyses are susceptible to spurious association arising from population stratification. Parental controls are popular, since triads comprising a case and two parents can be used in analyses that are robust to this stratification. However, parental controls are often expensive and difficult to collect. In some situations, studies may have both parental and unrelated controls available for analysis. For example, a candidate-gene study may analyze triads but may have an additional sample of unrelated controls for examination of background linkage disequilibrium in genomic regions. Also, studies may collect a sample of triads to confirm results initially found using a traditional case-control study. Initial association studies also may collect each type of control, to provide insurance against the weaknesses of the other type. In these situations, resulting samples will consist of some triads, some unrelated controls, and, possibly, some unrelated cases. Rather than analyze the triads and unrelated subjects separately, we present a likelihood-based approach for combining their information in a single combined association analysis. Our approach allows for joint analysis of data from both triad and case-control study designs. Simulations indicate that our proposed approach is more powerful than association tests that are based on each separate sample. Our approach also allows for flexible modeling and estimation of allele effects, as well as for missing parental data. We illustrate the usefulness of our approach using SNP data from a candidate- gene study of psoriasis. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Leicester, Div Med Genet, Leicester, Leics, England. Kings Coll London, St Johns Inst Dermatol, London WC2R 2LS, England. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Human Genet Res, Nashville, TN USA. RP Epstein, MP (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, 615 Michael St,Suite 301, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mepstein@genetics.emory.edu RI Li, Chun/B-8388-2012 NR 29 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD APR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 4 BP 592 EP 608 DI 10.1086/429225 PG 17 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 904RS UT WOS:000227516000006 PM 15712104 ER PT J AU Waters, T Genaidy, A Deddens, J Barriera-Viruet, H AF Waters, T Genaidy, A Deddens, J Barriera-Viruet, H TI Lower back disorders among forklift operators: An emerging occupational health problem? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE forklift; musculoskeletal disorders; risk factors; meta-analysis ID WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION; LIFT TRUCK; PAIN; VEHICLES; DRIVERS AB Background Most studies focusing on the occupational hazards associated with forklift operation have examined risks of fatalities and traumatic injuries. Few studies have examined the magnitude of risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). We review and critically appraise the epidemiological studies conducted on forklift operators in relation to MSDs, such as lower back pain and neck problems. Methods A comprehensive search of databases resulted in the identification of seven epidemiological studies that addressed MSDs. A critical appraisal of these studies was conducted using epidemiological principles and a meta-analysis approach that involved the use of the confidence limit method to determine an overall "meta-odds ratio." Results The methodological quality of these studies ranged from "marginal " to "average with the exception of one study, which was considered "good." The meta-odds ratio for lower back pain among forklift operators was 2.13 (95% CI: 1.57, 2.87). Conclusions Our results suggest that forklift operators are at increased risk of lower back pain. Additional high quality epidemiological studies are needed in the US, however to determine the magnitude of risk for MSDs. In this regard, studies should address not only lower back pain among forklifts operators, but also neck pain. A full exposure assessment of physical and non-physicalfactors in these studies is needed. Am.J.Ind.Med.47:333340, 2005. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Ind & Mfg Engn Program, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Waters, T (reprint author), NIOSH, MS C-24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM trwl@cdc.gov NR 17 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 4 BP 333 EP 340 DI 10.1002/aijm.20146 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 911WL UT WOS:000228037100005 PM 15776473 ER PT J AU Brinsley, KJ Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Cardo, DM AF Brinsley, KJ Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Cardo, DM CA CDC Campaign Prevent Antimicrobial TI Assessing motivation for physicians to prevent antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized children using the Health Belief Model as a framework SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY-OF-AMERICA; POINT-PREVALENCE SURVEY; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; VANCOMYCIN USE; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; EDUCATION; STRATEGIES; EMERGENCE AB Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AR) is a threat to hospitalized children, and more information is needed to motivate physicians to adopt evidence-based practices such as those in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Campaign to Prevent Antimicrobial Resistance. Methods: The framework of the Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to assess personal perceptions and cues to action related to the prevention of AR in 3 national focus groups in August 2003. Results: Twenty-five physicians who treat hospitalized children participated; all reported that they had cared for a patient with an antimicrobial-resistant organism. Physicians perceived that AR was more of a problem nationally (92%) than in their institution (76%) or practice (60%) and reported that issues such as nursing shortage, cost of health care, and lack of specialty services presented more of a challenge to the care of hospitalized children than AR. Reported preferences of cues to action included journal articles (80%), infectious disease experts (76%), and colleagues (52%). Conclusions: The HBM provides insight into physicians' perceptions about AR and preferred cues to action, which yield valuable information concerning the modes, methods, and messengers to intervene on problems such as antimicrobial resistance in hospitalized children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brinsley, KJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E68, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aof4@cdc.gov NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 5 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 175 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.12.004 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 915KW UT WOS:000228304100009 PM 15798673 ER PT J AU Hooper, TI Smith, TC Gray, GC Al Qahtani, MS Memish, ZA Barrett, DH Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Ryan, MAK Gackstetter, GD AF Hooper, TI Smith, TC Gray, GC Al Qahtani, MS Memish, ZA Barrett, DH Schlangen, KM Cruess, DF Ryan, MAK Gackstetter, GD TI Saudi Arabia-United States collaboration in health research: A formula for success SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID GULF-WAR VETERANS; POSTWAR HOSPITALIZATION EXPERIENCE; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; CHRONIC MULTISYMPTOM ILLNESS; REGISTRY VETERANS; CHRONIC FATIGUE; US VETERANS; SYMPTOMS; PREVALENCE; SERVICE AB The aim of this article is to share our experiences from an international collaborative effort to study health outcomes among Saudi Arabian National Guard (SANG) soldiers following the 1991 Gulf War. By paying particular attention to distinct social and religious customs, geopolitical differences, and unique aspects of the health care system, we achieved a successful international collaboration in health research. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, US Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. King Abdul Aziz Med City, King Fahad Natl Guard Hosp, Infect Prevent & Control Program, Natl Guard Hlth Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hooper, TI (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Room A1040G,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM thooper@usuhs.mil NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 192 EP 196 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2005.01.006 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 915KW UT WOS:000228304100012 PM 15798676 ER PT J AU Lisi, A Botto, LD Rittler, M Castilla, E Bianchi, F Botting, B De Walle, H Erickson, JD Gatt, M De Vigan, C Irgens, L Johnson, W Lancaster, P Merlob, P Mutchinick, OM Ritvanen, A Robert, E Scarano, G Stoll, C Mastroiacovo, P AF Lisi, A Botto, LD Rittler, M Castilla, E Bianchi, F Botting, B De Walle, H Erickson, JD Gatt, M De Vigan, C Irgens, L Johnson, W Lancaster, P Merlob, P Mutchinick, OM Ritvanen, A Robert, E Scarano, G Stoll, C Mastroiacovo, P TI Sex and congenital malformations: An international perspective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A LA English DT Article DE sex ratio; sex; epidemiology; congenital malformations ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; RATIO; HETEROGENEITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BIRTHS; CLUES AB The study evaluated the sex distribution of major isolated malformations and common trisomies among a large and geographically varied sample. Eighteen registries from 24 countries contributed cases, which were centrally reviewed and classified in three clinical types as isolated, associated, or syndromic. We selected cases of 26 major defects (n = 108,534); trisomy 21, 18, and 13 (n = 30,114); other syndromes (n = 2,898); and multiple congenital anomalies (n = 24,197), for a total of 165,743 cases. We observed a significant deviation of sex distribution (compared to a sex ratio of 1.06 or male proportion of 51.4%) for 24 of the 29 groups (a male excess in 16, a female excess in 8), and in 8 of such groups these estimates varied significantly across registries. A male excess was noted for two left obstructive cardiac defects (hypoplastic left heart and coarctation of the aorta) and a female excess for all the main types of neural tube defects. A male excess was seen for omphalocele but not gastroschisis. For neural tube defects the female excess tended to be stronger in areas with historically high prevalence for these defects. For 15 of the 26 birth defects the sex distribution differed among isolated, associated, and syndromic cases. Some of these epidemiologic commonalities are consistent with known or putative developmental processes. Further, the geographic variation for some defects may reflect local prevalence rates and risk factors. Finally, the findings underscore the need for clinical classification (e.g., into isolated, multiple, syndromes) in studies of birth defects. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Int Ctr Birth Defects, I-00195 Rome, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defect & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. ECLAMC Maternidad Ramon Sarda, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Fiocruz MS, ECLAMC, Dpt Genet, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Registro Toscano Difetti Congeniti, Pisa, Italy. Off Natl Stat, London, England. Univ Groningen, Dept Med Genet, Groningen, Netherlands. INSERM, U149, Paris Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Paris, France. Univ Bergen, Med Birth Registry Norway, Bergen, Norway. Ireland Registry Congenital Malformat, Dublin, Ireland. Univ Sydney, AIHW, Natl Perinatal Stat Unit, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Rabin Med Ctr, Dept Neonatol, Petah Tiqwa, Israel. Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Dept Genet, RYVEMCE, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES, Helsinki, Finland. Inst Europeen Genomutat, Lyon, France. Hop Hautepierre, Serv Genet Med, Strasbourg, France. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Int Ctr Birth Defects, Via Pilo Albertelli 9, I-00195 Rome, Italy. EM icbd@icbd.org RI Bianchi, Fabrizio/F-7900-2015 OI Bianchi, Fabrizio/0000-0002-3459-9301 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU207141] NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4825 J9 AM J MED GENET A JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 134A IS 1 BP 49 EP 57 DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.30514 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 910XY UT WOS:000227966700008 PM 15704121 ER PT J AU Bombard, JM Powell, KE Martin, LM Helmick, CG Wilson, WH AF Bombard, JM Powell, KE Martin, LM Helmick, CG Wilson, WH TI Validity and reliability of self-reported arthritis - Georgia senior centers, 2000-2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; HEALTH; TESTS AB Background: Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions are a common cause of disability among adults in the United States. Telephone interviews of the state-based Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) are used by states and territories to estimate the prevalence of arthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the 1996-2001 BRFSS arthritis case definition in a senior center population. Methods: A total of 487 respondents at selected senior centers in Georgia were surveyed by telephone, evaluated 3 to 4 weeks later by board-certified rheumatologists, and completed a written survey in 2000 to 2001. Using the rheumatologists' summary assessment "Does this person have arthritis or a related condition" as the standard, the sensitivity and specificity of the BRFSS arthritis case definitions were calculated. Reliability for the BRFSS arthritis case definition was also calculated by comparing responses to the telephone survey with responses to a written survey. Results: Sensitivity was 70.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] =65.9-75.6), and the specificity was 70.3% (95% CI=62.9-77.8). The agreement between the telephone and written responses indicating self-reported arthritis was high (kappa=0.68). Analyses were conducted in 2002 to 2004. Conclusions: Self-reported arthritis in the 1996-2001 BRFSS was highly reliable, and moderately sensitive and specific among these senior center participants. (Am J Prev Med 2005;28 (3):251-258) (c) 2005 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Georgia Chapter, Arthritis Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth, Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Piedmt Rheumatol Consultants, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bombard, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jbombard@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U58/CCU 400591] NR 22 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.12.004 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 908MA UT WOS:000227789900002 PM 15766612 ER PT J AU Steele, AW Eisert, S Davidson, A Sandison, T Lyons, P Garrett, N Gabow, P Ortiz, E AF Steele, AW Eisert, S Davidson, A Sandison, T Lyons, P Garrett, N Gabow, P Ortiz, E TI Using computerized clinical decision support for latent tuberculosis infection screening SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OUTCOMES AB Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has published guidelines recommending screening high-risk groups for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The goal of this study was to determine the impact of computerized clinical decision support and guided web-based documentation on screening rates for LTBI. Design: Nonrandomized, prospective, intervention study. Setting and participants: Participants were 8463 patients seen at two primary care, outpatient, public community participants: health center clinics in late 2002 and early 2003. Intervention: The CDC's LTBI guidelines were encoded into a computerized clinical decision support system that provided an alert recommending further assessment of LTBI risk if certain guideline criteria were met (birth in a high-risk TB country and aged < 40). A guided web-based documentation tool was provided to facilitate appropriate adherence to the LTBI screening guideline and to promote accurate documentation and evaluation. Baseline data were collected for 15 weeks and study phase data were collected for 12 weeks. Main outcome measures: Appropriate LTBI screening according to CDC guidelines based on chart review. Results: Among 4135 patients registering during the post-intervention phase, 73% had at least one CDC-defined risk factor, and 610 met the alert criteria (birth in a high-risk TB country and aged < 40 years) for potential screening for LTBI. Adherence with the LTBI screening guideline improved significantly from 8.9% at baseline to 25.2% during the study phase (183% increase, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that computerized, clinical decision support using alerts and guided web-based documentation increased screening of high-risk patients for LTBI. This type of technology could lead to an improvement in LTBI screening in the United States and also holds promise for improved care for other preventive and chronic conditions. (Am J Prev Med 2005;28(3):281-284) (c) 2005 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Denver Hlth, Med Informat, Informat Serv, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Denver Hlth, Hlth Serv Res, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Denver Hlth, Publ Hlth, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Denver Hlth, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80218 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Siemens Med Solut USA Inc, Malvern, PA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20422 USA. RP Steele, AW (reprint author), Denver Hlth, Med Informat, Informat Serv, 1932,660 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80218 USA. EM asteele@dhha.org NR 8 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 281 EP 284 DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.12.012 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 908MA UT WOS:000227789900006 PM 15766616 ER PT J AU Baker, EA Metzler, MM Galea, S AF Baker, EA Metzler, MM Galea, S TI Addressing social determinants of health inequities: Learning from doing SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID EQUITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. RP Metzler, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop K-67,4770 Buford Hwy,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mmetzler@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 553 EP 555 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2005.061812 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 911JP UT WOS:000227998700005 PM 15798106 ER PT J AU Ompad, DC Ikeda, RM Shah, N Fuller, CM Bailey, S Morse, E Kerndt, P Maslow, C Wu, YF Vlahov, D Garfein, R Strathdee, SA AF Ompad, DC Ikeda, RM Shah, N Fuller, CM Bailey, S Morse, E Kerndt, P Maslow, C Wu, YF Vlahov, D Garfein, R Strathdee, SA CA Collaborative Injection Drug User TI Childhood sexual abuse and age at initiation of injection drug use SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C; RISK BEHAVIORS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY; CAUSAL PATHWAYS; ALCOHOL-ABUSE; USE DISORDERS; BISEXUAL MEN; HIV RISK; WOMEN; PREVALENCE AB Objectives. We examined the relation between childhood sexual abuse and injection drug use initiation among young adult injection drug users. Methods. We used mixed effect linear models to compare age at first injection among 2143 young injection drug users by first sexual abuse age categories. Results. The participants were predominantly male (63.3%) and White (52.8%). Mean age and age at first injection were 23.7 and 19.6 years, respectively; 307 participants (14.3%) reported childhood sexual abuse. After adjustment for gender, race/ethnicity, noninjection drug use before first injection drug use, and recruitment site, childhood sexual abuse was independently associated with younger age at first injection. Conclusions. Childhood sexual abuse was associated with earlier initiation of injection drug use. These data emphasize the need to integrate substance abuse prevention with postvictimization services for children and adolescents. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Columbia Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Community Outreach Intervent Projects, Chicago, IL USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Sociol, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Dept Hlth Serv Cty Los Angeles, HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Natl Res & Dev Inst, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ompad, DC (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. EM dompad@nyam.org RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009; Ompad, Danielle/F-3163-2013 OI Ompad, Danielle/0000-0003-0240-0393 NR 50 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD APR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 4 BP 703 EP 709 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.019372 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 911JP UT WOS:000227998700032 PM 15798133 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH AF Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME Madans, JH TI Counts of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes, cause-specific mortality and coronary heart disease: The NHANES-1 epidemiologic follow-up study SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE leukocyte count; neutrophils; coronary disease; mortality ID BLOOD-CELL COUNT; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SMOKING; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; METAANALYSES; ASSOCIATION; HEMATOCRIT; PREDICTORS AB PURPOSE: To examine the association of elevated counts of white blood cell types with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and death. METHODS: Data were examined from the NHANES-I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. RESULTS: Relative risks for death at ages 25 to 74 comparing the upper and lower tertiles of neutrophil count were: all causes 1.29 (95% CL, 1.14, 1.47), and cardiovascular causes 1.39 (95% CL, 1.15, 1.67) after adjusting for baseline risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The increased risk of CHD and death from all causes and cardiovascular diseases appeared to be only partially due to effects of smoking. No association was seen for lymphocytes or monocytes. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 45 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 4 BP 266 EP 271 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.08.009 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 914RZ UT WOS:000228246600004 PM 15780773 ER PT J AU Lee, SA Grinshpun, SA Adhikari, A Li, WX McKay, R Maynard, A Reponen, T AF Lee, SA Grinshpun, SA Adhikari, A Li, WX McKay, R Maynard, A Reponen, T TI Laboratory and field evaluation of a new personal sampling system for assessing the protection provided by the N95 filtering facepiece - Respirators against particles SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE breathing pattern; depth of the sampling probe; fit testing; leak location; leak size; protection factor; respirator ID HALF-MASK RESPIRATOR; FACESEAL LEAK SITES; PENETRATION; EXPOSURE; FIT AB Objectives: We have recently developed a new personal sampling system for the real-time measurement of the protection provided by respirators against airborne dust and microorganisms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance characteristics of the new sampling system in both laboratory and field conditions. Methods: The measurements were conducted using the N95 filtering facepiece respirators and the newly developed personal sampling system put on a manikin (laboratory study) or donned by a human subject (laboratory and field studies). Two inhalation flow rates (0 and 40 l min(-1)) in conjunction with the sampling flow rate (10 l min(-1)) were tested in the manikin-based experiments to investigate the effects of the leak location (nose, cheek and chin) and the depth of the sampling probe (0, 5, 10 and 15 mm) within the respirator. The effect of human activity on the protection factor was evaluated using a variety of head movements and breathing patterns when a human subject wore the respirator in a room-size laboratory test chamber. The field study was conducted during corn harvesting with a respirator worn by a human subject on a combine. Results: There was no significant difference in the protection factors for different leak locations, or for sampling probe depths, when the inhalation rate was 0 l min(-1). For the inhalation rate of 401 min-1, the protection factors for nose leaks were higher than those for chin and cheek leaks. Furthermore, the protection factor was the lowest and showed the least variation when the sampling probe depth was equal to 0 mm (imbedded on the respirator surface). Human subject testing showed that the grimace maneuver decreased the protection factor and changed the original respirator fit. The protection factor during breath holding was lower than that found during inhalation and exhalation. Field results showed greater variation than laboratory results. Conclusions: The newly designed personal sampling system efficiently detected the changes in protection factors in real time. The sampling flow was least affected by the inhalation flow when the sampling probe was imbedded on the respirator surface. Leak location, breathing patterns and exercises did affect the measurement of the protection factors obtained using an N95 filtering facepiece respirator. This can be attributed to the differences in the in-mask airflow dynamics contributed by the leak, filter material, sampling probe and inhalation. In future studies, it would be beneficial if the laboratory data could be integrated with the field database. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Reponen, T (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, POB 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM reponeta@ucmail.uc.edu RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01-OH-04085] NR 34 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD APR PY 2005 VL 49 IS 3 BP 245 EP 257 DI 10.1093/annhyg/meh097 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 919CW UT WOS:000228596900007 PM 15668259 ER PT J AU Jothikumar, N Lowther, JA Henshilwood, K Lees, DN Hill, VR Vinje, J AF Jothikumar, N Lowther, JA Henshilwood, K Lees, DN Hill, VR Vinje, J TI Rapid and sensitive detection of noroviruses by using TaqMan-based one-step reverse transcription-PCR assays and application to naturally contaminated shellfish samples SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; TIME RT-PCR; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH; FOODBORNE VIRUSES; ENTERIC VIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAKS; GASTROENTERITIS AB Noroviruses (NoV), which are members of the family Caliciviridae, are the most important cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis worldwide and are commonly found in shellfish grown in polluted waters. In the present study, we developed broadly reactive one-step TaqMan reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays for the detection of genogroup I (GI) and GII NoV in fecal samples, as well as shellfish samples. The specificity and sensitivity of all steps of the assays were systematically evaluated, and in the final format, the monoplex assays were validated by using RNA extracted from a panel of 84 stool specimens, which included NoV strains representing 19 different genotypes (7 GI, 11 GII, and 1 GIV strains). The assays were further validated with 38 shellfish cDNA extracts previously tested by nested PCR. Comparison with a recently described real-time assay showed that our assay had significantly higher sensitivity and was at least as sensitive as the nested PCR. For stool specimens, a one-step duplex TaqMan RT-PCR assay performed as well as individual genogroup-specific monoplex assays. All other enteric viruses examined were negative, and no cross-reaction between genogroups was observed. These TaqMan RT-PCR assays provide rapid (less than 90 min), sensitive, and reliable detection of NoV and should prove to be useful for routine monitoring of both clinical and shellfish samples. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Coordinating Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth, England. RP Vinje, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM janvinje@email.unc.edu RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012; OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737; Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675 NR 36 TC 207 Z9 222 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 BP 1870 EP 1875 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.4.1870-1875.2005 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 915UY UT WOS:000228338000026 PM 15812014 ER PT J AU Crabtree, MB Kinney, RM Miller, BR AF Crabtree, MB Kinney, RM Miller, BR TI Deglycosylation of the NS1 protein of dengue 2 virus, strain 16681: Construction and characterization of mutant viruses SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; NONSTRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEIN NS1; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; AEDES-ALBOPICTUS; RNA REPLICATION; MOSQUITO CELLS; GLYCOSYLATION; ENCEPHALITIS; MUTAGENESIS; MICE AB The dengue 2 virus (DENV-2) NS1 glycoprotein contains two potential sites for N-linked glycosylation at Asn-130 and Asn-207. NS1 produced in infected cells is glycosylated at both of these sites. We used site-directed mutagenesis of a DENV-2, strain 16681, full length infectious clone to create mutant viruses lacking the Asn-130, Asn-207 or both of these NS1 glycosylation sites in order to investigate the effects of deglycosylation. Ablation of both NS1 glycosylation sites resulted in unstable viruses that acquired numerous additional mutations; these viruses were not further characterized. Viruses altered at the Asn-130 site exhibited growth characteristics similar to the wild-type (WT) 16681 virus in LLC-MK2 cells and reduced growth in C6/36 cells. Viruses mutated at the Asn-207 site achieved similar titers in LLC-MK2 cells compared to WT, however, the appearance of cytopathic effect was delayed and growth of these viruses in C6/36 cells was also reduced compared to WT virus. The plaque size of mutant viruses altered at the Asn-130 site did not differ from that of the WT virus, while mutants altered at the Asn-207 site exhibited a reduced and mixed plaque size. Temperature sensitivity studies comparing the growth of the viruses at 37 degrees C and 39 degrees C showed no significant differences compared to the WT virus. Immunofluorescent antibody staining of infected cells showed that for WT 16681 virus or the Asn-130 site mutant viruses NS1 was located throughout the cytoplasm, however, Asn-207 site mutant virus NS1 protein appeared to be localized to the perinuclear region. Viruses deglycosylated at either site exhibited a significant reduction in mouse neurovirulence compared to the WT virus. The results of our studies indicate that glycosylation of the DENV-2 virus NS1 protein may influence NS1 protein processing/transport as well as the pathogenicity of the virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Crabtree, MB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM meb3@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 150 IS 4 BP 771 EP 786 DI 10.1007/s00705-004-0430-8 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 910CY UT WOS:000227908300010 PM 15592895 ER PT J AU Calisher, CH Le Duc, JW AF Calisher, CH Le Duc, JW TI In memoriam - William C. Reeves (1916-2004) SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Calisher, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 150 IS 4 BP 841 EP 843 DI 10.1007/s00705-005-0505-1 PG 3 WC Virology SC Virology GA 910CY UT WOS:000227908300018 ER PT J AU Parks, CG Cooper, GS Hudson, LL Dooley, MA Treadwell, EL St Clair, EW Gilkeson, GS Pandey, JP AF Parks, CG Cooper, GS Hudson, LL Dooley, MA Treadwell, EL St Clair, EW Gilkeson, GS Pandey, JP TI Association of Epstein-Barr virus with systemic lupus erythematosus - Effect modification by race, age, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 genotype SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CTLA-4 GENE; CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; COSTIMULATORY BLOCKADE; INTERLEUKIN-10 GENE; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASE; PROMOTER REGION; POLYMORPHISM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; POPULATION AB Objective. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is hypothesized to play a role in the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Cytotoxic T lymphocyteassociated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is important in regulating T cell-mediated immunity, encompassing the first line of response to viral infections, and genetic variation in CTLA-4 has been associated with SLE. This study examined the seroprevalence of EBV in a populationbased study of SLE patients from the southeastern United States, and potential interactions with CTLA-4 polymorphisms were assessed. Methods. Cases comprised 230 subjects recently diagnosed as having SLE (144 African American and 86 white) from university and community-based clinics, and controls comprised 276 age-, sex-, and statematched subjects (72 African American and 204 white) recruited from driver's license registries. Antibodies to EBV capsid antigen were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with results expressed as positive or negative using the international standardized ratio (ISR) (a ratio of the sample absorbance to a known standard). CTLA-4 genotypes were identified by polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Results. In African Americans, EBV-IgA seroprevalence was strongly associated with SLE (odds ratio [OR] 5.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.0-10.6). In whites, the modest association of SLE with EBV-IgA (OR 1.6) was modified by age, in that the strongest association was observed in those older than age 50 years (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.6-10.4). The seroprevalence of EBV-IgM and that of EBV-IgG were not associated with SLE. Higher EBV-IgG absorbance ratios were observed in SLE patients, with a significant dose response across units of the ISR in African Americans (P < 0.0001). Allelic variation in the CTLA-4 gene promoter (-1661A/G) significantly modified the association between SLE and EBV-IgA (P = 0.03), with a stronger association among those with the -1661AA genotype. Conclusion. These findings suggest that repeated or reactivated EBV infection, which results in increased EBV-IgA seroprevalence and higher IgG antibody titers, may be associated with SLE, and that the CTLA-4 genotype influences immune responsiveness to EBV in SLE patients. The observed patterns of effect modification by race, age, and CTLA-4 genotype should be examined in other studies and may help frame new hypotheses regarding the role of EBV in SLE etiology. C1 NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Brancl, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth Sci, Morgantown, WV USA. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Durham, NC USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Greenville, NC USA. Duke Univ, Ctr Med, Durham, NC USA. RP Parks, CG (reprint author), NIOSH, Biostat & Epidemiol Brancl, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdase Dr, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM cqp8@cdc.gov OI Parks, Christine/0000-0002-5734-3456 NR 48 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD APR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4 BP 1148 EP 1159 DI 10.1002/art.20997 PG 12 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 920KQ UT WOS:000228688200020 PM 15818712 ER PT J AU Walker, LC Ibegbu, CC Todd, CW Robinson, HL Jucker, M LeVine, H Gandy, S AF Walker, LC Ibegbu, CC Todd, CW Robinson, HL Jucker, M LeVine, H Gandy, S TI Emerging prospects for the disease-modifying treatment of Alzheimer's disease SO BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amyloid; cerebral amyloid angiopathy; primate; proteopathy; senile plaque; tau; transgenic mice; vaccination ID AMYLOID-BETA-PEPTIDE; SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY; IN-VIVO; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION; NEUROPATHOLOGY; IMMUNOTHERAPY; ANTIBODIES; CLEARANCE; OLIGOMERS AB The currently approved therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the US are designed to modify the function of specific neurotransmitter systems in the brain. While these palliative treatments can benefit some patients for a period of time, they do not halt the relentless cognitive and behavioral deterioration that characterize this neurodegenerative disorder. Consequently, much current research on AD is directed toward illuminating the disease process itself, particularly the abnormal accumulation of certain proteins in brain: the amyloid-P protein (A beta) in senile plaques and cerebral blood vessels, and the tau protein in neurofibrillary tangles. Genetic, biochemical and pathologic evidence now favors a primary role of A beta aggregation in the Alzheimer proteopathic cascade, and studies in mice indicate that lowering the amount of this protein in brain can be beneficial. Recently, A beta-immunization therapy has emerged as a particularly promising therapeutic option for treating Alzheimer's disease, but unexpected treatment-related side-effects are an overriding issue. These adverse events were not anticipated from preclinical studies with rodents; hence, more biologically relevant models, such as nonhuman primates, are needed to test the safety and efficacy of novel therapies for Alzheimer's disease. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Tubingen, Dept Cellular Neurol, Hertie Inst Clin Brain Res, Tubingen, Germany. Univ Kentucky, Ctr Aging, Dept Mol & Cellular Biochem, Lexington, KY USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Farber Inst Neurosci, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Walker, LC (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM lary.walker@emory.edu RI Walker, L/J-6541-2015 OI Walker, L/0000-0001-9166-3261 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165]; NIA NIH HHS [P01 AG010491, P01 AG010491-14] NR 51 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0006-2952 J9 BIOCHEM PHARMACOL JI Biochem. Pharmacol. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 69 IS 7 BP 1001 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.12.015 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 911IA UT WOS:000227994600001 PM 15763538 ER PT J AU Grajewski, B Coble, JB Frazier, LM McDiarmid, MA AF Grajewski, B Coble, JB Frazier, LM McDiarmid, MA TI Occupational exposures and reproductive health: 2003 Teratology Society Meeting Symposium Summary SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART B-DEVELOPMENTAL AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review DE National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (US); reproductive medicine; occupational exposure; occupational medicine; interdisciplinary communication; health education; exposure assessment ID ETHYLENE-GLYCOL ETHERS; SAFETY DATA SHEETS; LEAD; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFORMATION; POPULATION; TERATOGENS; CHILDREN; BLOOD; BONE AB Assuring reproductive health in the workplace challenges researchers, occupational safety and health practitioners, and clinicians. Most chemicals in the workplace have not been evaluated for reproductive toxicity. Although occupational exposure limits are established to protect 'nearly all' workers, there is little research that characterizes reproductive hazards. For researchers, improvements in epidemiologic design and exposure assessment methods are needed to conduct adequate reproductive studies. Occupational safety and health programs' qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the workplace for reproductive hazards may differ from standardized approaches used for other occupational hazards in that estimates of exposure intensity must be considered in the context of the time-dependent windows of reproductive susceptibility. Clinicians and counselors should place the risk estimate into context by emphasizing the limitations of the available knowledge and the qualitative nature of the exposure estimates, as well as what is known about other non-occupational risk factors for adverse outcomes. This will allow informed decision-making about the need for added protections or alternative duty assignment when a hazard cannot be eliminated. These policies should preserve a worker's income, benefits, and seniority. Applying hazard control technologies and hazard communication training can minimize a worker's risk. Chemical reproductive hazard training is required for workers by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Hazard Communication Standard. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has formed a National Occupational Research Agenda Team to promote communication and partnering among reproductive toxicologists, clinicians and epidemiologists, to improve reproductive hazard exposure assessment and management, and to encourage needed research. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Kansas, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med & Publ Hlth, Wichita, KS 67214 USA. Univ Maryland, Occupat Hlth Project, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Grajewski, B (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM BAG2@CDC.GOV NR 40 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1542-9733 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES B JI Birth Defects Res. Part B-Dev. Reprod. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 74 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 DI 10.1002/bdrb.20039 PG 7 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 921XN UT WOS:000228799200003 PM 15834899 ER PT J AU LoBue, PA AF LoBue, PA TI Inhaled tobramycin - Not just for cystic fibrosis anymore? SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; THERAPY; INFECTION; BRONCHIECTASIS; GENTAMICIN; INHALATION; ANTIBIOTICS; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP LoBue, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mail Stop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pgl5@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD APR PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 1098 EP 1101 DI 10.1378/chest.127.4.1098 PG 4 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 915ZG UT WOS:000228349900009 PM 15821180 ER PT J AU Holguin, F Tellez-Rojo, MM Lazo, M Mannino, D Schwartz, J Hernandez, M Romieu, I AF Holguin, F Tellez-Rojo, MM Lazo, M Mannino, D Schwartz, J Hernandez, M Romieu, I TI Cardiac autonomic changes associated with fish oil vs soy oil supplementation in the elderly SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE autonomic; elderly; fish oil; heart rate variability; soy oil ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; N-3 FATTY-ACIDS; ALPHA-LINOLENIC ACID; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; AIR-POLLUTION; SUDDEN-DEATH; MEXICO-CITY; RISK; BLOOD; DISEASE AB Introduction: Omega-3 fatty acid levels are associated with decreased risk for sudden death; however, the protective cardiovascular mechanisms of omega-3 are poorly understood. This study addresses the heart rate variability (HRV) changes in a cohort of elderly subjects randomized to receive either a daily high dose of marine-derived omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) or a lower daily dose of a plant-derived omega-3 fatty acid (alpha-linolenic acid) in soy oil. Methods: A total of 58 elderly nursing home residents were randomized to receive 2 g/d of fish oil capsules vs 2 g/d of soy oil capsules, and were subsequently followed up every other day for a period of 6 months with 6-min measurements of HRV while resting supine. An initial control period of 2 months without supplementation was allowed to establish an HRV baseline for each participant. Results: The average time- and frequency-domain parameters of RRV increased significantly during the supplementation period in both the fish oil and soy oil groups. In the regression model after adjusting for age and mean heart rate, supplementation with fish oil was associated with a significant increase in the high- and low-frequency components, and SD of normal RR intervals (SDNN), whereas only SDNN increased significantly in the soy oil group. Conclusions: Supplementation with 2 g/d of fish oil was well tolerated and was associated with a significant increase in HRV. Supplementation with 2 g/d of soy oil was associated with a lesser but significant increase in HRV. C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Holguin, F (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fch5@cdc.gov OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 25 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD APR PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 1102 EP 1107 DI 10.1378/chest.127.4.1102 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 915ZG UT WOS:000228349900010 PM 15821181 ER PT J AU Lobato, MN Reves, RR Jasmer, RM Grabau, JC Bock, NN Shang, N AF Lobato, MN Reves, RR Jasmer, RM Grabau, JC Bock, NN Shang, N CA 2RZ Study Grp TI Adverse events and treatment completion for latent tuberculosis in jail inmates and homeless persons SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE antitubercular agents; homeless persons; mycobacterial infection; prisons; tuberculosis ID DIRECTLY OBSERVED THERAPY; SHORT-COURSE RIFAMPIN; UNITED-STATES; PYRAZINAMIDE TREATMENT; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; HIV-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; DRUG-USERS; HEALTH AB Background: Recently, a short-course treatment using 60 daily doses of rifampin and pyrazinamide was recommended for latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI). Study objectives: To determine the acceptability, tolerability, and completion of treatment. Design: Observational cohort study. Setting: Five county jails and TB outreach clinics for homeless populations in three cities. Patients: Study staff enrolled 1,211 patients (844 inmates and 367 homeless persons). Interventions: Sites used 60 daily doses of rifampin and pyrazinamide, an approved treatment regimen for LTBI. Measurements: Types and frequency of drug-related adverse events and outcomes of treatment. Results: Prior to treatment, 25 of 1, 178 patients (2.1%) had a serum aminotransferase measurement at least 2.5 times the upper limit of normal. Patients who reported excess alcohol use in the past 12 months were more likely than other patients to have an elevated pretreatment serum aminotransferase level (odds ratio, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1 to 6.1; p = 0.03). Treatment was stopped in 66 of 162 patients (13.4%) who had a drug-related adverse event. Among 715 patients who had serum aminotransferase measured during treatment, 43 patients (6.0%) had an elevation > 5 times the upper limits of normal, including one patient who died of liver failure attributed to treatment. In multivariate analyses, increasing age, an abnormal baseline aspartate aminotransferase level, and unemployment within the past 24 months were independent risk factors for hepatotoxicity. Completion rates were similar in jail inmates (47.5%) and homeless persons (43.6%). Conclusions: This study detected the first treatment-associated fatality with the rifampin and pyrazinamide regimen, prompting surveillance that detected unacceptable levels of hepatotoxicity and retraction of recommendations for its routine use. Completion rates for LTBI treatment using a short-course regimen exceeds historical rates using isoniazid. Efforts to identify an effective short-course treatment for LTBI should be given a high priority. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Technol Control, New York, NY USA. RP Lobato, MN (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mnl0@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD APR PY 2005 VL 127 IS 4 BP 1296 EP 1303 DI 10.1378/chest.127.4.1296 PG 8 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 915ZG UT WOS:000228349900037 PM 15821208 ER PT J AU Ondoa, P Koblavi-Deme, S Borget, MY Nolan, ML Nkengasong, JN Kestens, L AF Ondoa, P Koblavi-Deme, S Borget, MY Nolan, ML Nkengasong, JN Kestens, L TI Assessment of CD8(+) T cell immune activation markers to monitor response to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-1 infected patients in Cote d'Ivoire SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; HIV-1; immune activation; resource-poor countries; surrogate markers ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-1 INFECTION; VIRAL LOAD; LYMPHOCYTE COUNTS; TYPE-1 INFECTION; CD38 EXPRESSION; HLA-DR; PLASMA; SUBSETS; BLOOD AB Because of the paucity of plasma HIV RNA viral load (VL) tests in resource-poor settings, the CD4(+) T cell count is often used as the sole laboratory marker to evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-infected patients. In untreated patients, the level of activated T cells is positively correlated with VL and represents a prognostic marker of HIV infection. However, little is known about its value to predict early drug failure, taking into account the relatively high non-specific immune activation background observed in many resource-limited tropical countries. We assessed the use of immune activation markers (expression of CD38 and/or human leucocyte antigen-DR on CD8(+) lymphocytes) to predict virological response to ART in a cohort of HIV-1 infected patients in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Correlations between VL, absolute CD4(+) T cell counts and immune activation levels were examined in 111 HIV patient samples at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of therapy. The percentage of CD38(+) CD8(+) T cells appeared to be the best correlate of VL. In contrast, changes in CD4(+) T cell counts provided a poor correlate of virological response to ART. Unfortunately, CD38(+) CD8(+) percentages lacked specificity for the determination of early virological drug failure and did not appear to be reliable surrogates of RNA viral load. CD38(+) CD8(+) T cell percentages may, rather, provide a sensitive estimate of the overall immune recovery, and be a useful extra laboratory parameter to CD4 counts that would contribute to improve the clinical management of HIV-infected people when VL testing facilities are lacking. C1 Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Projet Retro CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ondoa, P (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, Natl Str 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. EM pondoa@itg.be NR 47 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 140 IS 1 BP 138 EP 148 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02734.x PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 905SK UT WOS:000227589800017 PM 15762885 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Patrick, M Hunter, SB Reddy, V Kornstein, L MacKenzie, WR Lane, K Bidol, S Stoltman, GA Frye, DM Lee, I Hurd, S Jones, TF LaPorte, TN Dewitt, W Graves, L Wiedmann, M Schoonmaker-Bopp, DJ Huang, AJ Vincent, C Bugenhagen, A Corby, J Carloni, ER Holcomb, ME Woron, RF Zansky, SM Dowdle, G Smith, F Ahrabi-Fard, S Ong, AR Tucker, N Hynes, NA Mead, P AF Olsen, SJ Patrick, M Hunter, SB Reddy, V Kornstein, L MacKenzie, WR Lane, K Bidol, S Stoltman, GA Frye, DM Lee, I Hurd, S Jones, TF LaPorte, TN Dewitt, W Graves, L Wiedmann, M Schoonmaker-Bopp, DJ Huang, AJ Vincent, C Bugenhagen, A Corby, J Carloni, ER Holcomb, ME Woron, RF Zansky, SM Dowdle, G Smith, F Ahrabi-Fard, S Ong, AR Tucker, N Hynes, NA Mead, P TI Multistate outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infection linked to delicatessen turkey meat SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; ILLNESS; GASTROENTERITIS; PULSENET; MILK AB Background. Despite a decreasing incidence of listeriosis in the United States, molecular subtyping has increased the number of recognized outbreaks. In September 2000, the New York City Department of Health identified a cluster of infections caused by Listeria monocytogenes isolates with identical molecular subtypes by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and ribotyping. Methods. To determine the magnitude of the outbreak and identify risk factors for infection, we notified state health departments and conducted a case-control study. A case was defined as a patient or mother-infant pair infected with Listeria monocytogenes whose isolate yielded the outbreak PFGE pattern. Controls were patients infected with Listeria monocytogenes whose isolate yielded a different PFGE pattern. Patients were asked about food and drink consumed during the 30 days before the onset of illness. Results. Between May and December 2000, there were 30 clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes with identical PFGE patterns identified in 11 US states. Cases of infection caused by these isolates were associated with 4 deaths and 3 miscarriages. A case-control study implicated sliced processed turkey from a delicatessen (Mantel-Haenszel odds ratio, 8.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-43.3). A traceback investigation identified a single processing plant as the likely source of the outbreak, and the company voluntarily recalled 16 million pounds of processed meat. The same plant had been identified in a Listeria contamination event that had occurred more than a decade previously. Conclusions. Prevention of persistent L. monocytogenes contamination in food processing plants presents a critical challenge to food safety professionals. C1 CDC, APO, AP 96546 USA. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), CDC, Box 68,Amer Embassy, APO, AP 96546 USA. EM sco2@cdc.gov RI Wiedmann, Martin/A-9683-2008; Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Wiedmann, Martin/0000-0002-4168-5662; Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 33 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 962 EP 967 DI 10.1086/428575 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904VV UT WOS:000227527100009 PM 15824987 ER PT J AU Fisk, TL Lundberg, BE Guest, JL Ray, S Barrett, TJ Holland, B Stamey, K Angulo, FJ Farley, MM AF Fisk, TL Lundberg, BE Guest, JL Ray, S Barrett, TJ Holland, B Stamey, K Angulo, FJ Farley, MM TI Invasive infection with multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium definitive type 104 among HIV-infected adults SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; NONTYPHOIDAL SALMONELLA; DT104 INFECTIONS; BACTEREMIA AB Background. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium definitive type 104 (MRDT104), with resistance to at least ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline (R-type ACSSuT), was first detected in the United States in 1985 [1], and the prevalence increased to account for nearly 7% of Salmonella infections in 1998 [2]. Methods. A retrospective study of S. Typhimurium infections in an urban health care system assessed whether infection with an antibiotic-resistant strain - and specifically MRDT104 - was associated with invasive disease or HIV infection. Sixty cases of S. Typhimurium infection were identified. Results. Of the 50 isolates available for analysis, 30 (60%) were MRDT104. Pathogens were isolated from blood in 25 (83%) of 30 patients infected with MRDT104, compared with 10 (50%) of 20 patients who were infected with non-MRDT104 strains (P = .01). Among isolates obtained from 32 HIV-infected patients, 19 (95%) of 20 MRDT104 isolates were from blood specimens, compared with 8 (66%) of 12 non-MRDT104 isolates (P = .05). Conclusions. MRDT104 accounted for the majority of S. Typhimurium infections in this patient population, and MRDT104 infections were more invasive than non-MRDT104 infections, particularly in HIV-infected persons. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lundberg, BE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM brita.lundberg@medscape.com NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 7 BP 1016 EP 1021 DI 10.1086/428119 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904VV UT WOS:000227527100017 PM 15824994 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Ajani, UA Mokdad, AH AF Ford, ES Ajani, UA Mokdad, AH TI The metabolic syndrome and concentrations of C-reactive protein among US youth SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; INFLAMMATION; OBESITY; ASSOCIATION; ADIPOSITY; FEATURES AB OBJECTIVE - Adults with the metabolic syndrome show biochemical evidence of low-grade inflammation. We sought to examine whether this is true among U.S. youth with the metabolic syndrome. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We used data from 1,366 participants aged 12-17 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. A modification of the definition of the metabolic syndrome proposed by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults was used. C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured by latex-enhanced nephelometry. RESULTS - Mean and median concentrations of CRP were higher among participants who had the metabolic syndrome (mean 3.8 mg/l, geometric mean 1.8 mg/l) than among those who did not (mean 1.4 mg/l, geometric mean 0.4 mg/l). The percentage of participants with a concentration of CRP > 3.0 mg/l was 38.4% among those with the metabolic syndrome and 10.3% among those without the syndrome (P = 0.007). Of the five components Of the syndrome, only abdominal obesity was significantly and independently associated with log-transformed concentrations of CRP in multiple linear regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS - Our results show that a large percentage of children and adolescents with the metabolic syndrome have elevated concentrations of CRP. Whether the elevated concentrations of CRP among children and adolescents who have the metabolic syndrome predict future adverse health events remains to be determined. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 160 Z9 168 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD APR PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 878 EP 881 DI 10.2337/diacare.28.4.878 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 001PE UT WOS:000234548000019 PM 15793189 ER PT J AU Root, JJ Wilson, KR Calisher, CH Wagoner, KD Abbott, KD Yates, TL Kuenzi, AJ Morrison, ML Mills, JN Beaty, BJ AF Root, JJ Wilson, KR Calisher, CH Wagoner, KD Abbott, KD Yates, TL Kuenzi, AJ Morrison, ML Mills, JN Beaty, BJ TI Spatial clustering of murid rodents infected with hantaviruses: Implications from meta-analyses SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Bunyaviridae; El Moro Canyon virus; hantaviruses; Limestone Canyon virus; meta-analysis; MRPP; Muridae; Peromyscus; reithrodontomys; Sin Nombre virus; space use ID SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; WHITE-FOOTED MICE; PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; DEER MICE; LONG-TERM; RESERVOIR POPULATIONS; SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS AB We applied a rigorous, quantitative methodology to the analysis of local-scale spatial clustering of multiple murid mice (brush mice, Peromyscus boylii; deer mice, P. maniculatus; pinon mice, P. truei; western harvest mice, Reithrodontomys megalotis) infected or uninfected with hantaviruses. Rodents were sampled longitudinally from 1994 to 2001 on 23 trapping webs at 10 locations in the southwestern United States. This study provided an opportunity to apply meta-analysis techniques to an important ecological question. There were sufficient captures by species on 199 occasions (three consecutive nights) to compare general use of space using multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP). The MRPP results were then used in meta-analyses by species to determine if overall effects of spatial clustering of hantavirus-infected mice as well as categorical effects (elevation, season, site, and state) were present. Based on MRPP,analyses, overall spatial clustering of hantavirus-infected mice was most pronounced for brush mice, followed by the deer mouse. Meta-analyses indicated significant overall effects of spatial clustering and varying categorical effects (elevation, season, site, state) of infected mice for each species compared. The overlapping space use by rodents might be an important factor affecting the local transmission of several hantaviruses. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lockheed Martin Informat Technol, Atlanta, GA 30326 USA. Yavapai Coll, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Root, JJ (reprint author), Natl Wildlife Res Ctr, 4101 La Porte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM Jeff.Root@aphis.usda.gov NR 62 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1890/03-5293 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912ED UT WOS:000228059000014 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DM Mascola, L Bancroft, E AF Nguyen, DM Mascola, L Bancroft, E TI Recurring methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in a football team SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; COMMUNITY; OUTBREAK AB An outbreak of community-associated methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) occurred in a college football team from August to September 2003. Eleven case-players were identified, and boils were the most common sign. Linemen had the highest attack rate (18%). Among 99 (93% of team) players with cultured specimens, 8 (8%) had positive MRSA nasal cultures. All available case-players' MRSA isolates characterized had the community-associated pulsed-field type USA300. A case-control study found that sharing bars of soap and having preexisting cuts or abrasions were associated with infection. A carrier-control study found that having a locker near a teammate with an SSTI, sharing towels, and living on campus were associated with nasal carriage. Successful outbreak control measures included daily hexachlorophene showers and hygiene education. C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nguyen, DM (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, 313 N Figueroa St,Room 212, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. EM daonguyen@ladhs.org NR 23 TC 119 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 526 EP 532 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 910OH UT WOS:000227940700002 PM 15829189 ER PT J AU Rangel, JM Sparling, PH Crowe, C Griffin, PM Swerdlow, DL AF Rangel, JM Sparling, PH Crowe, C Griffin, PM Swerdlow, DL TI Epidemiology of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 outbreaks, United States, 1982-2002 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; LETTUCE; CONSUMPTION; DIARRHEA; SPROUTS; LESSONS; SEEDS AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 causes 73,000 illnesses in the United States annually. We reviewed E. coli O157 outbreaks reported to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to better understand the epidemiology of E. coli O157. E coli O157 outbreaks (> 2 cases of E coli O157 infection with a common epidemiologic exposure) reported to CDC from 1982 to 2002 were reviewed. In that period, 49 states reported 350 outbreaks, representing 8,598 cases, 1,493 (17%) hospitalizations, 354 (4%) hemolytic uremic syndrome cases, and 40 (0.5%) deaths. Transmission route for 183 (52%) was foodborne, 74 (21%) unknown, 50 (14%) person-to-person, 31 (9%) waterborne, 11 (3%) animal contact, and. 1 (0.3%) laboratory-related. The food vehicle for 75 (41%) foodborne outbreaks was ground beef, and for 38 (21%) outbreaks, produce. C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rangel, JM (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Med Ctr, 3333 Burnet Ave,MS 5041, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. EM Josefa.Rangel@cchmc.org NR 31 TC 629 Z9 658 U1 6 U2 74 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 603 EP 609 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 910OH UT WOS:000227940700014 PM 15829201 ER PT J AU Srikantiah, P Bodager, D Toth, B Kass-Hout, T Hammond, R Stenzel, S Hoekstra, RM Adams, J Van Duyne, S Mead, PS AF Srikantiah, P Bodager, D Toth, B Kass-Hout, T Hammond, R Stenzel, S Hoekstra, RM Adams, J Van Duyne, S Mead, PS TI Web-based investigation of multistate salmonellosis outbreak SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We investigated a large outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana among attendees of the 2002 U.S. Transplant Games, including 1,500 organ transplant recipients. Web-based survey methods identified pre-diced tomatoes as the source of this outbreak, which highlights the utility of such investigative tools to cope with the changing epidemiology of foodborne diseases. C1 CDCP, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Mead, PS (reprint author), CDCP, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM pmead@cdc.gov OI Kass-Hout, Taha/0000-0002-0123-5157 NR 9 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 610 EP 612 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 910OH UT WOS:000227940700015 PM 15829202 ER PT J AU Klapsing, P MacLean, JD Glaze, S McClean, KL Drebot, MA Lanciotti, RS Campbell, GL AF Klapsing, P MacLean, JD Glaze, S McClean, KL Drebot, MA Lanciotti, RS Campbell, GL TI Ross River virus disease reemergence, Fiji, 2003-2004 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC POLYARTHRITIS; INFECTION; QUEENSLAND; RISK AB We report 2 clinically characteristic and serologically positive cases of Ross River virus infection in Canadian tourists who visited Fiji in late 2003 and early 2004. This report suggests that Ross River virus is once again circulating in Fiji, where it apparently disappeared after causing an epidemic in 1979 to 1980. C1 McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Royal Univ Hosp, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0W8, Canada. Hlth Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Montreal Gen Hosp, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. RP MacLean, JD (reprint author), McGill Ctr Trop Dis, 1650 Cedar Ave,Room D7-153, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. EM dick.maclean@mcgill.ca NR 16 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 613 EP 615 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 910OH UT WOS:000227940700016 PM 15829203 ER PT J AU Vugia, DJ Jang, Y Zizek, C Ely, J Winthrop, KL Desmond, E AF Vugia, DJ Jang, Y Zizek, C Ely, J Winthrop, KL Desmond, E TI Mycobacteria in nail salon whirlpool footbaths, California SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; FURUNCULOSIS; WATER AB In 2000, an outbreak of Mycobacterium fortuitum furunculosis affected customers using whirlpool footbaths at a nail salon. We swabbed 30 footbaths in 18 nail salons from 5 California counties and found mycobacteria in 29 (97%); M. fortuitum was the most common. Mycobacteria may pose an infectious risk for pedicure customers. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vugia, DJ (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM dvugia@dhs.ca.gov NR 13 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 616 EP 618 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 910OH UT WOS:000227940700017 PM 15829204 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Fearsome creatures and nature's gothic SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 644 EP 645 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 910OH UT WOS:000227940700029 PM 15834990 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Kuklenyik, Z Reidy, JA Caudill, SP Ekong, J Needham, LL AF Calafat, AM Kuklenyik, Z Reidy, JA Caudill, SP Ekong, J Needham, LL TI Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol in a human reference population SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE bisphenol A; exposure; human; NHANES III; nonylphenol; urine ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; P-NONYLPHENOL; IN-VIVO; ALKYLPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTAL FATE; RATS AB Bisphenol A (BPA) is used to manufacture polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins, which are used in baby bottles, as protective coatings on food containers, and for composites and sealants in dentistry. 4-Nonylphenol (NP) is used to make nonylphenol ethoxylates, nonionic surfactants applied as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or stabilizing agents in industrial, agricultural, and domestic consumer products. The potential for human exposure to BPA and NP is high because of their widespread use. We measured BPA and NP in archived urine samples from a reference population of 394 adults in the United States using isotope-dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. he concentration ranges of BPA and NP were similar to those observed in other human populations. BPA was detected in 95% of the samples examined at concentrations >= 0.1 mu g/L urine; the geometric mean and median concentrations were 1.33 mu g/L (1.36 mu g/g creatinine) and 1.28 mu g/L (1.32 mu g/g creatinine), respectively; the 95th percentile concentration was 5.18 mu g/L (7.95 mu g/g creatinine). NP was detected in 51% of the samples examined >= 0.1 mu g/L. The median and 95th percentile concentrations were < 0.1 mu g/L and 1.57 mu g/L (1.39 mu g/g creatinine), respectively. The frequent detection of BPA suggests widespread exposure to this compound in residents of the United States. The lower frequency of detection of NP than of BPA could be explained by a lower exposure of humans to NP, by different pharmacokinetic factors (i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination), by the fact that 4-n-nonylphenol-the measured NP isomer-represents a small percentage of the NP used in commercial mixtures, or a combination of all of the above. Additional research is needed to determine the best urinary biomarker(s) to assess exposure to NP. Despite the sample population's nonrepresentativeness of the U.S. population (although sample weights were used to improve the extent to which the results represent the U.S. population) and relatively small size, this study provides the first reference range of human internal dose levels of BPA and NP in a demographically diverse human population. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, 4470 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM acalafat@cdc.gov NR 46 TC 522 Z9 544 U1 14 U2 95 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2005 VL 113 IS 4 BP 391 EP 395 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 913NO UT WOS:000228158900035 PM 15811827 ER PT J AU Hauser, R Williams, P Altshul, L Calafat, AM AF Hauser, R Williams, P Altshul, L Calafat, AM TI Evidence of interaction between polychlorinated biphenyls and phthalates in relation to human sperm motility SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HYDROXYLATED PCB METABOLITES; HUMAN SEMEN PARAMETERS; CELL FUNCTION-INVITRO; MONO-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) PHTHALATE; TESTICULAR ATROPHY; SERTOLI-CELLS; RAT; BLOOD; URINARY; SERUM AB Previously, we reported evidence of inverse associations between exposure to some polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and some phthalate monoesters in relation to semen parameters, specifically sperm motility. Because humans are exposed to both phthalates and PCBs and because experimental studies suggest that PCBs may interact with glucuronidative enzymes that are responsible for phthalate metabolism, we explored the potential interaction between phthalates and PCBS in relation to human semen quality. We studied 303 men who were partners in subfertile couples seeking infertility diagnosis from the andrology laboratory at Massachusetts General Hospital. Semen parameters were dichotomized based on World Health Organization reference values, and plithalate and PCB levels were dichotomized at their respective medians. After adjusting for age and abstinence time, for below reference sperm motility there was a greater than additive interaction between monobenzyl plithalate and PCB-153 [relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) = 1.40; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.41-3.22], sum of PCBs (RERI = 1.24; 95% Cl, 0.15-2.94), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450)-inducing PCBs (RERI = 1.30; 95% CI, 0.21-3.06). For below-reference sperm motility, there was also a greater than additive interaction between monobutyl phthalate (MBP) and PCB-153 (RERI = 1.42; 95% CI, 0.09-3.76) and CYP450-inducing PCBs (RERI = 1.87; 95% CI, 0.56-4.52) and a suggestive interaction between MBP and sum of PCBs (RERI = 1.35; 95% CI, -0.11 to 3.48). In conclusion, because there are important risk assessment and public health implications of interactions between these two ubiquitous classes of compounds, further studies need to be conducted to confirm these results and identify potential mechanisms of interactions. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Environm Sci & Engn Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1,Room 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM rhauser@hohp.harvard.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09718] NR 40 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 17 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2005 VL 113 IS 4 BP 425 EP 430 DI 10.1289/ehp.7305 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 913NO UT WOS:000228158900041 PM 15811833 ER PT J AU Popovic, M McNeill, FE Chettle, DR Webber, CE Lee, CV Kaye, WE AF Popovic, M McNeill, FE Chettle, DR Webber, CE Lee, CV Kaye, WE TI Impact of occupational exposure on lead levels in women SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE blood lead concentration; bone lead concentration; lead; occupational exposure; women's health; X-ray fluorescence ID RAY-FLUORESCENCE MEASUREMENTS; BLOOD LEAD; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SMELTER WORKERS; BONE LEAD; PREMENOPAUSAL; OSTEOPOROSIS AB In 1994, 207 women participated in a study designed to examine the effects of occupational exposure and various lifestyle factors on bone and blood lead levels. hi vivo measurements of Pb concentrations in tibia were performed by X-ray fluorescence. All 108 former smelter employees and 99 referents provided blood samples and answered a questionnaire on lifestyle characteristics and the relevant medical history. Lead concentrations in tibia and blood were significantly higher in the exposed group. The difference in mean bone Pb concentrations of the two groups is markedly greater than the difference in the mean blood Pb concentrations, supporting the view that bone Pb measurements are a more reliable determinant of Pb body burden. Chronic exposure did not result in any statistically significant differences in adverse pregnancy outcomes. A significantly lower age at the onset of menopause in occupationally exposed women may suggest that Pb causes adverse changes in the pattern of estrus and menses. The exposed women had lower bone Pb concentrations than those found in most studies on predominantly male workers. Blood Pb concentrations remain increased in women long after the cessation of occupational exposure, reflecting the importance of the endogenous exposure. The endogenous exposure relation found for postmenopausal exposed women is consistent with data on male smelter workers, whereas the relation found for premenopausal women is significantly lower. This suggests that sex plays an important role in the metabolism of lead, and current models of exposure extrapolated from male data may be inappropriate for use on women. C1 McMaster Univ, Med Phys & Appl Radiat Sci Unit, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Hamilton House Sci, Hamilton, ON, Canada. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Popovic, M (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Med Phys & Appl Radiat Sci Unit, Nucl Res Bldg,Room 122,1280 Mains St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. EM popovm@mcmaster.ca NR 26 TC 44 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2005 VL 113 IS 4 BP 478 EP 484 DI 10.1289/ehp.7386 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 913NO UT WOS:000228158900048 PM 15811839 ER PT J AU Cox-Ganser, JM White, SK Jones, R Hilsbos, K Storey, E Enright, PL Rao, CY Kreiss, K AF Cox-Ganser, JM White, SK Jones, R Hilsbos, K Storey, E Enright, PL Rao, CY Kreiss, K TI Respiratory morbidity in office workers in a water-damaged building SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; UNITED-STATES; ASTHMA; SARCOIDOSIS; POPULATION; GUIDELINES; SYMPTOMS; EXPOSURE; ADULTS; ATOPY AB We conducted a study on building-related respiratory disease and associated social impact in an office building with water incursions in the northeastern United States. An initial questionnaire had 67% participation (888/1,327). Compared with the U.S. adult population, prevalence ratios were 2.2-2.5 for wheezing, lifetime asthma, and current asthma, 3.3 for adult-onset asthma, and 3.4 for symptoms improving away from work (p < 0.05). Two-thirds (66/103) of the adult-onset asthma arose after occupancy, with an incidence rate of 1.9/1,000 person-years before building occupancy and 14.5/1,000 person-years after building occupancy. We conducted a second survey on 140 respiratory cases, 63 subjects with fewer symptoms, and 44 comparison subjects. Health-related quality of life decreased with increasing severity of respiratory symptoms and in those with work-related symptoms. Symptom status was not associated with job satisfaction or how often jobs required hard work. Respiratory health problems accounted for one-third of sick leave, and respiratory cases with work-related symptoms had more respiratory sick days than those without work-related symptoms (9.4 vs. 2.4 days/year; p < 0.01). Abnormal lung function and/or breathing medication use was found in 67% of respiratory cases, in 38% of participants with fewer symptoms, and in 11% of the comparison group (p < 0.01), with similar results in never-smokers. Postoccupancy-onset asthma was associated with less atopy than preoccupancy-onset asthma. Occupancy of the water-damaged building was associated with onset and exacerbation of respiratory conditions, confirmed by objective medical tests. The morbidity and lost work time burdened both employees and employers. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Farmington, CT USA. RP Cox-Ganser, JM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Suite H-2800,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM jjc8@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2005 VL 113 IS 4 BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.1289/ehp.7559 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 913NO UT WOS:000228158900049 PM 15811840 ER PT J AU Needham, LL AF Needham, LL TI Assessing exposure to organophosphorus pesticides by biomonitoring in epidemiologic studies of birth outcomes SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; CHLORPYRIFOS; INSECTICIDE; POPULATION; CHILDREN; COHORT; RAT; POLLUTANTS; LENGTH; LIVER AB For epidemiologic studies that evaluate the relation between potential exposures to environmental chemicals and adverse outcomes, accurate assessments of exposures and health outcomes are needed. Three prospective cohort studies recently evaluated the relation between exposure, as assessed by biomonitoring, of pregnant women to organophosphorus pesticides and several birth outcomes. Here these three studies are compared in terms of the exposure scenarios and exposure assessments. The primary focus is on the exposure assessments, all of which employ biomonitoring but use different approaches, which may contribute to the different findings. These approaches and how they may contribute to different relations between exposure and birth outcomes are examined. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Needham, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lneedham@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 28 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2005 VL 113 IS 4 BP 494 EP 498 DI 10.1289/ehp.7490 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 913NO UT WOS:000228158900051 PM 15811842 ER PT J AU Taylor, A Hutchinson, S Lingappa, J Wadd, S Ahmed, S Gruer, L Taylor, TH Roy, K Gilchrist, G McGuigan, C Penrice, G Goldberg, D AF Taylor, A Hutchinson, S Lingappa, J Wadd, S Ahmed, S Gruer, L Taylor, TH Roy, K Gilchrist, G McGuigan, C Penrice, G Goldberg, D TI Severe illness and death among injecting drug users in Scotland: a case-control study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS BLACK DISEASE; SOFT-TISSUE ABSCESSES; WOUND BOTULISM; ABUSE; OUTBREAK; NOVYI; INFECTIONS; HEROIN; SHEEP; RISK AB Between April and September 2000, 60 injecting drug users in Scotland died or were hospitalized with severe illness. Laboratory investigations suggested that Clostridium novyi and other bacteria were important aetiological agents. To determine associated environmental/behavioural factors a case-control study was undertaken with 19 'definite' and 32 'probable' cases in Glasgow, Scotland. For every deceased case (n = 19), up to three proxy individuals were interviewed. Three controls were identified for each case. Multivariate logistic regression analyses compared (i) all cases and controls; (ii) definite cases and matched controls; (iii) probable cases and matched controls. In all three analyses injecting into muscle or skin and injecting most of the time with a filter used by someone else were the variables most strongly associated with illness. Comparing only muscle-injecting cases and controls, cases were significantly more likely to have injected larger amounts of heroin per average injection than were controls. The findings make an important epidemiological contribution to the understanding of the public health and clinical implications of the contamination of illicit drugs by histotoxic clostridia. C1 Univ Paisley, Sch Social Sci, Inst Appl Social & Hlth Res, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Taylor, A (reprint author), Univ Paisley, Sch Social Sci, Inst Appl Social & Hlth Res, High St, Paisley PA1 2BE, Renfrew, Scotland. EM avril.taylor@paisley.ac.uk OI Gruer, Laurence/0000-0002-1089-2896 NR 33 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD APR PY 2005 VL 133 IS 2 BP 193 EP 204 DI 10.1017/S0950268804003504 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 911TP UT WOS:000228028300001 PM 15816144 ER PT J AU Del Brutto, OH Santibanez, R Idrovo, L Rodriguez, S Diaz-Calderon, E Navas, C Gilman, RH Cuesta, F Mosquera, A Gonzalez, AE Tsang, VCW Garcia, HH AF Del Brutto, OH Santibanez, R Idrovo, L Rodriguez, S Diaz-Calderon, E Navas, C Gilman, RH Cuesta, F Mosquera, A Gonzalez, AE Tsang, VCW Garcia, HH TI Epilepsy and neurocysticercosis in Atahualpa: A door-to-door survey in rural coastal Ecuador SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; cysticercosis; neurocysticercosis; community survey; Ecuador ID TAENIA-SOLIUM; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; SEIZURES; CYSTICERCOSIS AB Purpose: To determine the prevalence of epilepsy and the role of neurocysticercosis in the occurrence of epilepsy in Atahualpa. Methods: We used a door-to-door survey to detect subjects with epileptic seizures, to collect a blood sample for determination of anticysticercal antibodies, and to evaluate social characteristics of the population, including household pig ownership. Neurologists examined suspected cases and a sample of negative individuals. Then patients with epilepsy, as well as age- and sex-matched controls, underwent a head computed tomography (CT) and a scalp EEG. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 2,415 of 2,548 residents of Atahualpa, and cysticercosis serology was performed in 1,687 consenting individuals. Cysticercosis seroprevalence was 145 (8.6%) per 1,686). Neurologic examination confirmed 24 patients with epilepsy (crude prevalence, 9.9 per 1,000 population, and 10.8 per 1,000 when adjusted to the United States population). After adjustment by age, sex, and pig raising, positive serology was strongly associated with epilepsy (odds ratio (OR), 4.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6-11.2). CT findings compatible with neurocysticercosis were found in five patients with epilepsy and also were more frequent than in controls, although this did not reach statistical significance (five of 19 vs. one of 19; p = 0.125, McNemar's test). Besides these five cases, three other patients with epilepsy had positive serology (one with a normal CT and two who did not have a CT). Conclusions: Neurocysticercosis is associated with one-third of cases of epilepsy in Atahualpa and may be a major contributory factor for the excess fraction of epilepsy seen in this population. C1 Hosp Clin Kennedy, Dept Neurol Sci, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Hosp Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, Serv Neurol, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Cysticercosis Unit, Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Mil Hosp, Guayaquil, Ecuador. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Del Brutto, OH (reprint author), Air Ctr 3542, POB 522970, Miami, FL 33152 USA. EM odbp@gye.satnet.net NR 19 TC 77 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PD APR PY 2005 VL 46 IS 4 BP 583 EP 587 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 909CR UT WOS:000227837200018 PM 15816956 ER PT J AU Dlodlo, RA Fujiwara, PI Enarson, DA AF Dlodlo, RA Fujiwara, PI Enarson, DA TI Should tuberculosis treatment and control be addressed differently in HIV-infected and -uninfected individuals? SO EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE case management; HIV; treatment; tuberculosis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; RECURRENCE; AFRICA; REINFECTION; MORTALITY; RIFAMPIN; IMPACT AB Infection with HIV drives the tuberculosis epidemic, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where up to 75 % of individuals with tuberculosis are co-infected with HIV. This article reviews the epidemiological link between the conditions, how tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment differ between HIV-infected versus -uninfected individuals and the span of additional measures required to prevent and control HIV-related tuberculosis. Tuberculosis chemotherapy using standard short-course regimens is highly effective in both groups, and treatment follows the same principles. It differs in certain aspects, such as when antiretroviral treatment should be started in HIV-infected individuals with tuberculosis and consideration of drug-drug interactions between the rifamycins and certain antiretroviral drugs. Control of HIV-related tuberculosis requires, fundamentally, control of HIV transmission. Meanwhile, it is necessary to make concentrated efforts to intensify high-quality tuberculosis services employing the directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) strategy, carry out extensive research towards an evidence-based model for the expanded scope of collaborative tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS interventions, and ensure efficient implementation of the findings and recommended policies. The challenge is gigantic, and both robust within-country and international leadership and competent management capabilities will be required, in addition to substantial human and financial resources. C1 Int Union Against TB & Lung Dis, F-75006 Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fujiwara, PI (reprint author), Int Union Against TB & Lung Dis, 68 Blvd St Michel, F-75006 Paris, France. EM PFujiwara@iuatid.org NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD PI SHEFFIELD PA 146 WEST ST, STE 2.4, HUTTONS BLDG, SHEFFIELD S1 4ES, ENGLAND SN 0903-1936 J9 EUR RESPIR J JI Eur. Resp. J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 4 BP 751 EP 757 DI 10.1183/09031936.05.10090404 PG 7 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 914YE UT WOS:000228263200027 PM 15802352 ER PT J AU Day, GA Hoover, MD Stefaniak, AB Dickerson, RM Peterson, EJ Esmen, NA Scripsick, RC AF Day, GA Hoover, MD Stefaniak, AB Dickerson, RM Peterson, EJ Esmen, NA Scripsick, RC TI Bioavailability of beryllium oxide particles: An in vitro study in the murine J774A.1 macrophage cell line model SO EXPERIMENTAL LUNG RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beryllium oxide; beryllium sensitization; chronic beryllium disease; dissolution; particles; phagocytosis ID RABBIT ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; GRANULOMATOUS LUNG-DISEASE; T-CELLS; INVITRO DISSOLUTION; HLA-DP; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; NATURAL-HISTORY; METAL PARTICLES; CANINE; AEROSOLS AB Beryllium metal and its oxide and alloys are materials of industrial significance with recognized adverse effects on worker health. Currently, the degree of risk associated with exposure to these materials in the workplace is assessed through measurement of beryllium aerosol mass concentration. Compliance with the current mass-based occupational exposure limit has proven ineffective at eliminating the occurrence of chronic beryllium disease (CBD). the rationale for this research was to examine the mechanism of beryllium bioavailability, which may be pertinent to risk. The authors tested the hypothesis in vitro that dissolution of particles engulfed by macrophages is greater than dissolution in cellular medium alone. Physicochemical changes were evaluated in vitro for well-characterized high purity beryllium oxide (BeO) particles in cell-free media alone and engulfed by and retained within murine J774A.1 monocyte-macrophage cells. The BeO particles were from a commercially available powder and consisted of diffuse clusters (aerodynamic diameter range 1.5 to 2.5 mu m) of 200-nm diameter primary particles. Following incubation for 124 to 144 hours, particles were recovered and recharacterized. Recovered particles were similar in morphology, chemical composition, and size relative to the original material, confirming the relatively insoluble nature of the BeO particles. Measurable levels of dissolved beryllium, representing 0.3% to 4.8% of the estimated total beryllium mass added, were measured in the recovered intra-cellular fluid. Dissolved beryllium was not detected in the extracellular media. The BeO chemical dissolution rate constant in the J774A.1 cells was 2.1 +/- 1.7 x 10(-8) g/(cm(2).day). In contrast, the BeO chemical dissolution rate constant in cell-free media was <8.1 x 10(-9) g/(cm(2).day). In vivo, beryllium dissolved by macrophages may be released in the pulmonary alveolar environment, in the lymphatic system after transport of beryllium by macrophages, or in the alveolar interstitium after migration and dissolution of beryllium, are consistent with previously observed results in canine alveolar macrophages, and provide insights into additional research needs to understand and prevent beryllium sensitization and CBD. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Day, GA (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM gdd2@cdc.gov RI Stefaniak, Aleksandr/I-3616-2012; Hoover, Mark/I-4201-2012 OI Hoover, Mark/0000-0002-8726-8127 NR 74 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0190-2148 J9 EXP LUNG RES JI Exp. Lung Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 31 IS 3 BP 341 EP 360 DI 10.1080/01902140590918731 PG 20 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 913AA UT WOS:000228120700005 PM 15962713 ER PT J AU DiGirolamo, A Thompson, N Martorell, R Fein, S Grummer-Strawn, L AF DiGirolamo, A Thompson, N Martorell, R Fein, S Grummer-Strawn, L TI Intention or experience? Predictors of continued breastfeeding SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE breastfeeding; intentions; experiences ID PLANNED BEHAVIOR; REASONED ACTION; INCOME WOMEN; INFANT; DURATION; ATTITUDES; DECISION; DETERMINANTS; BARRIERS; FATHERS AB Despite the known benefits of breastfeeding, many women do not breastfeed their infants or stop breastfeeding early. This study examines the effects of prenatal intention and initial breastfeeding experiences on breastfeeding initiation and duration among 1,665 U.S. women completing questionnaires on infant feeding practices. Outcomes included no initiation of breastfeeding at birth and termination at < 10 weeks, 10 to < 20 weeks, or 20 to < 30 weeks. Predictor variables included intended breastfeeding duration and early breastfeeding experiences with analyses controlling for demographic characteristics, previous breastfeeding experience, and prenatal intentions to work after delivery. Prenatal intentions to never initiate or to stop breastfeeding early were significant risk factors for all breastfeeding outcomes. Initial breastfeeding experiences were significant risk factors for early termination. This study supports using the intention construct from the theory of reasoned action to predict initiation of behavior but suggests the need to include initial experience when predicting maintenance of behavior. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US FDA, Consumer Studies Team, College Pk, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DiGirolamo, A (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Global Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM adigiro@sph.emory.edu RI Martorell, Reynaldo /I-2539-2012 NR 45 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 18 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD APR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 2 BP 208 EP 226 DI 10.1177/1090198104271971 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 907DH UT WOS:000227695000005 PM 15749967 ER PT J AU Washington, JL Pitts, D Wright, CG Erway, LC Davis, RR Alagramam, K AF Washington, JL Pitts, D Wright, CG Erway, LC Davis, RR Alagramam, K TI Characterization of a new allele of Ames waltzer generated by ENU mutagenesis SO HEARING RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE deafness; hair cells; Pcdh15; mouse ID HEARING-LOSS; ETHYLNITROSOUREA MUTAGENESIS; PROTOCADHERIN GENE; F1-HYBRID STRAINS; MUTANT ALLELES; MUTATIONS; PCDH15; POLARITY; MICE; DROSOPHILA AB Mutation in the protocadherin 15 (Pcdh15) gene causes hair cell dysfunction and is associated with abnormal stereocilia development. We have characterized the first allele (Pcdh15(a nu-nmf79)) of Ames waltzer (a nu) obtained by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutaizenesis. Pcdh15(a nu-nmf19) was generated in the Neuroscience Mutagenesis Facility (NMF) at The Jackson Lab (Bar Habor, USA). Pcdh15(a nu-nmf19) mutants display circling and abnormal swimming behavior along with lack of aUditory-evoked brainsterri response at the highest intensities tested. Mutation analysis shows base substitution (A - G) in the consensus splice donor sequence linked to exon 14 resulting in the skipping of exon 14 and the splicing of exon 13-15. This results in the introduction of a stop codon in the coding sequence of exon 15 due to shift in the reading frame. The effect of nmf19 mutation is expected to be severe since the expressed Pcdh15 protein is predicted to truncate in the 5th cadherin domain. Abnormalities of cochlear hair cell stereocilia are apparent in Pcdh15(a nu-nmf19) mutants near the time of birth and by about P15 (15 days after birth) there is evidence of sensory cell degeneration. Disorganization of outer hair cell stereocilia is observed as early as P2. Inner hair cell stereocilia are also affected, but less severely than those of the outer hair cells. These results are consistent with characteristics of the mutation in the Pcdh15(a nu-nmf19) allele and the, support our previous finding that Protocadherin 15 plays an important role in hair-bundle morphogenesis. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Pediat, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Biol Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Hearing Loss Prevent Team, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Alagramam, K (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM kna3@case.edu RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 FU NIDCD NIH HHS [DC05385] NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-5955 J9 HEARING RES JI Hear. Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 202 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.heares.2004.09.014 PG 9 WC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences; Otorhinolaryngology SC Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology GA 919JM UT WOS:000228614300016 PM 15811708 ER PT J AU Luh, PB Yu, DQ Soorapanth, S Khibnik, AI Rajamani, R AF Luh, PB Yu, DQ Soorapanth, S Khibnik, AI Rajamani, R TI A Lagrangian relaxation based approach to schedule asset overhaul and repair services SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE inventory; Lagrangian relaxation; overhaul and repair services; surrogate optimization ID JOB-SHOP; PROCESSING TIMES; SINGLE-MACHINE; ALGORITHM; SYSTEM AB Overhaul and repair services are important segments of the remanufacturing, industry, and are characterized by complicated disassembly, repair and assembly process plans, stochastic operations, and the usage of rotable inventory. In view of today's time-based competition, effectively scheduling such services and managing rotable inventory and uncertainties are becoming imperative to achieve on-time deliveries and low overall costs. In this paper, a novel formulation for overhaul and repair services is presented where key characteristics, such as uncertain asset arrivals and operation processing times, and rotable parts are abstracted to model an overhaul center and multiple repair shops in a distributed framework to reflect organizational structures. Interactions between the overhaul center and repair shops are described by sets of coupling constraints across the organizations. Rotable inventory dynamics is formulated in terms of repair operation completion times and asset assembly beginning times to facilitate minimization of inventory holding costs through scheduling. A solution methodology combining Lagrangian relaxation, stochastic dynamic programming, and heuristics is developed to schedule operations in a coordinated manner to minimize total tardiness, earliness, and inventory holding costs. Additionally, penalty terms associated with coupling constraint violations are introduced to the objective function to improve algorithm convergence and schedule quality, and a surrogate optimization framework is used to overcome the inseparability difficulty caused by the penalty terms. Numerical testing results show that the new approach is computationally effective to handle rotable inventory and uncertainties, and provides high quality schedules with low overall costs for stochastic remanufacturing systems. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. United Technol Res Ctr, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. Pratt & Whitney, E Hartford, CT 06108 USA. RP Luh, PB (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM Peter.Luh@uconn.edu; danqing@engr.uconn.edu; bki2@cdc.gov; KhibniAI@utrc.utc.com; ravi.rajamani@pw.utc.com OI Soorapanth, Sada/0000-0002-0644-9082 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-5955 J9 IEEE T AUTOM SCI ENG JI IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng. PD APR PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 145 EP 157 DI 10.1109/TASE.2005.844221 PG 13 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA 915TM UT WOS:000228334200005 ER PT J AU Lal, RB Chakrabarti, S Yang, CF AF Lal, RB Chakrabarti, S Yang, CF TI Impact of genetic diversity of HIV-1 on diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy & vaccine development SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CIRCULATING RECOMBINANT FORM; TYPE-1 SUBTYPE-C; NF-KAPPA-B; DRUG-RESISTANCE MUTATIONS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; VIRAL LOAD ASSAYS; MONITOR VERSION 1.5; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE AB HIV-1 strains have diversified extensively through mutation and recombination since their initial transmission to human beings many decades ago in central Africa. The high error rate of HIV reverse transcriptase combined with the estimated in vivo HIV-1 replication rate of ten billion new virions each day leads to extraordinary genetic diversity of HIV. Twenty seven circulating genetic forms of the HIV-1 group M are presently recognized, including 11 subtypes and sub-subtypes, and 16 circulating recombinant forms (CRF). Genotypic analyses have provided a better understanding of the molecular diversity of HIV-1, enabling the detection of emerging HIV-1 variants and improving the tracking of the epidemic worldwide. The rapid evolution of HIV within infected hosts contributes significantly to the elusiveness of this pathogen from host antiviral responses. The complex nature of HIV envelope glycoprotein that is inherently resistant to neutralization, the selective infection, progressive destruction and impaired regeneration of CD4+ T helper cells, generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) escape mutants, together with high genetic diversity with continually evolving HIV variants worldwide, makes design of an effective vaccine a formidable task. Given the rapidity and unpredictability with which HIV-1 genetic forms may propagate in future, a vaccine protective against all major HIV-1 circulating genetic forms is desirable, which could require multivalent formulations. Understanding the kinetics and directions of this continuing adaptation and its impact on viral fitness, immunogenicity and pathogenicity are crucial to the successful design of effective HIV vaccines. In this review, we focus on extensive diversity of HIV-1, emergence of recombinant forms and their impact on diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy, disease progression, transmission, and vaccine development. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Cholera & Enter Dis ICMR, Kolkata, W Bengal, India. RP Lal, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rb13@cdc.gov RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 215 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 4 PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES PI NEW DELHI PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA SN 0971-5916 J9 INDIAN J MED RES JI Indian J. Med. Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 121 IS 4 BP 287 EP 314 PG 28 WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 924VG UT WOS:000229008200010 PM 15817945 ER PT J AU Parekh, BS McDougal, JS AF Parekh, BS McDougal, JS TI Application of laboratory methods for estimation of HIV-1 incidence SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE BED-CEIA; detuned assay; HIV-1 incidence; less-sensitive EIA; surveillance ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SENSITIVE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; SUBTYPE-E INFECTION; INCIDENCE RATES; TESTING STRATEGY; SEROCONVERSION; ASSAY; PREVALENCE; MATURATION; ALGORITHM AB Estimating HIV-1 incidence (rate of new HIV-1 infections) in various populations is important to understand the current status of transmission dynamics, identify high-risk populations, monitor prevention efforts and target resources on programmes that are most effective in reducing transmissions. Recent developments in our ability to detect and distinguish recent and long-term HIV-1 infections using laboratory tests have made the measurement of HIV-1 incidence realistic and practical. These approaches most commonly rely on the properties of early HIV-1 antibodies after seroconversion as characterized by their levels, antibody avidity/affinity or antibody classes/subclasses or epitope specificity. The sensitive/less-sensitive testing strategy provided simple laboratory tools to detect recent seroconversion in a cross-sectional population. These assays are based on differences in antibody titres in recent versus long-term infections and have been used for sometime for estimating population incidence. However, recent work demonstrated limitations of this approach which included subtype-dependent performance and significant variability of "window periods", precluding its use in many areas of the world. Recently an IgG-Capture BED-EIA was developed in our laboratory which detects the increasing HIV-IgG as proportion of total IgG following seroconversion and can be used to detect recent seroconversion. The format of the assay, which includes a multi-subtype derived antigen, allows high consistency and similar "window periods" in different subtypes. This assay is now available commercially and is made specifically for population estimates of HIV-1 incidence. Due to the presence of divergent HIV-1 subtypes and the rapidly expanding HIV epidemic, it is important that the method selected is robust, performs similarly in different subtypes and is widely applicable for meaningful incidence estimates, trend analysis and comparison between populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parekh, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV Incidence & Diagnost Lab, Mailstop D12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bsp1@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU INDIAN COUNCIL MEDICAL RES PI NEW DELHI PA PO BOX 4911 ANSARI NAGAR, NEW DELHI 110029, INDIA SN 0971-5916 J9 INDIAN J MED RES JI Indian J. Med. Res. PD APR PY 2005 VL 121 IS 4 BP 510 EP 518 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 924VG UT WOS:000229008200025 PM 15817960 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA Sogolow, ED AF Stevens, JA Sogolow, ED TI Gender differences for non-fatal unintentional fall related injuries among older adults SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; HIP FRACTURE; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; ELDERLY-WOMEN; RISK; COMMUNITY; MEN; HOSPITALIZATION; OSTEOPOROSIS; SEVERITY AB Objectives: To quantify gender differences for non-fatal unintentional fall related injuries among US adults age 65 years and older treated in hospital emergency departments (EDs). Methods: The authors analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of ED visits for January 2001 through December 2001, available through the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System All Injury Program (NEISS-AIP). For each initial ED visit, coders record one principal diagnosis ( usually the most severe) and one primary part of the body affected. Results: Based on 22 560 cases, an estimated 1.64 million older adults were treated in EDs for unintentional fall injuries. Of these, approximately 1.16 million, or 70.5%, were women. Fractures, contusions/abrasions, and lacerations accounted for more than three quarters of all injuries. Rates for injury diagnoses were generally higher among women, most notably for fractures which were 2.2 times higher than for men. For all parts of the body, women's injury rates exceeded those of men. Rate ratios were greatest for injuries of the leg/foot (2.3), arm/hand (2.0), and lower trunk ( 2.0). The hospitalization rate for women was 1.8 times that for men. Conclusions: Among older adults, non-fatal fall related injuries disproportionately affected women. Much is known about effective fall prevention strategies. We need to refine, promote, and implement these interventions. Additional research is needed to tailor interventions for different populations and to determine gender differences in the underlying causes and/or circumstances of falls. This information is vital for developing and implementing targeted fall prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stevens, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jas2@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 140 Z9 148 U1 1 U2 7 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1353-8047 J9 INJURY PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1136/ip.2004.005835 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 912JP UT WOS:000228074300012 PM 15805442 ER PT J AU Du, W Awolola, TS Howell, P Koekemoer, LL Brooke, BD Benedict, MQ Coetzee, M Zheng, L AF Du, W Awolola, TS Howell, P Koekemoer, LL Brooke, BD Benedict, MQ Coetzee, M Zheng, L TI Independent mutations in the Rdl locus confer dieldrin resistance to Anopheles gambiae and An. arabiensis SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE insecticide; cyclodienes; gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor; diagnostic PCR; malaria vector ID CYCLODIENE INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE; MALARIA VECTOR MOSQUITO; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; GILES; DROSOPHILA; FIPRONIL AB Substitutions of a conserved alanine residue in the Rdl locus coding for a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor subunit with serine or glycine confer resistance to dieldrin in various insect species. Here, we show that alanine to glycine substitution in the Rdl locus of the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, is genetically linked to resistance to dieldrin. An alanine to serine substitution developed independently in a dieldrin resistant strain of An. arabiensis. An allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was able to differentiate dieldrin resistant and susceptible mosquitoes. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Natl Inst Communicable Dis, Vector Control Reference Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Pathol, Johannesburg, South Africa. Natl Hlth Lab Serv, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Zheng, L (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 60 Coll St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM liangbiao.zheng@yale.edu FU PHS HHS [R01A43035] NR 18 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2004.00544.x PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 909KW UT WOS:000227859800009 PM 15796751 ER PT J AU Ullmann, AJ Lima, CMR Guerrero, FD Piesman, J Black, WC AF Ullmann, AJ Lima, CMR Guerrero, FD Piesman, J Black, WC TI Genome size and organization in the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis and the Southern cattle tick, Boophilus microplus SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE genome size; genome organization; hard ticks; reassociation kinetics ID DNA-SEQUENCE ORGANIZATION; LINKAGE; MAP AB Genome sizes and the organization of repetitive DNA were determined in the hard ticks Ixodes scapularis and Boophilus microplus using reassociation kinetics. The I. scapularis genome contains similar to 2.15 pg (2.1 x 10(3) Mbp) of DNA and consists of no foldback (FB), 27% highly repetitive (HR), 39% moderately repetitive (MR), and 34% unique DNA. The B. microplus genome contains 7.5 pg (7.1 x 10(3) Mbp) DNA, and consists of 0.82% FB, 31% HR, 38% MR, and 30% unique DNA. In both species, repetitive sequences occur in a mixture of long and short period interspersion but most (65-80%) of the DNA follows a pattern of short period interspersion. Genome size and organization in the three tick species so far examined are distinct from other arthropods in having a greater proportion of MR, a lower proportion of unique and HR DNA of very low sequence complexity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. ARS, USDA, Knipling Bushland US Livestock Insects Res Lab, Kerrville, TX USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ullmann, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM aff1@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 217 EP 222 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2583.2005.00551.x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 909KW UT WOS:000227859800013 PM 15796755 ER PT J AU Chalmers, RM Ferguson, C Caccio, S Gasser, RB El-Osta, YGA Heijnen, L Xiao, LH Elwin, K Hadfield, S Sinclair, M Stevens, M AF Chalmers, RM Ferguson, C Caccio, S Gasser, RB El-Osta, YGA Heijnen, L Xiao, LH Elwin, K Hadfield, S Sinclair, M Stevens, M TI Direct comparison of selected methods for genetic categorisation of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis species SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium; genotyping; DNA sequence analysis; microsatellites; subgenotyping; single strand conformation polymorphism analysis; epidemiology ID SPORADIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; SEQUENCE VARIATION; UNITED-KINGDOM; WASTE-WATER; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES; TRANSMISSION; CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB A study was undertaken to compare the performance of five different molecular methods (available in four different laboratories) for the identification of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis and the detection of genetic variation within each of these species. The same panel of oocyst DNA samples derived from faeces (n = 54 coded blindly) was sent for analysis by: (i) DNA sequence analysis of a fragment of the HSP70 gene; (ii) DNA sequence analysis and the ssrRNA gene in laboratory 1; (iii) single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of part of the ssrRNA: (iv) SSCP analysis of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA region in laboratory 2; (v) 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene sequencing with prior species determination using PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ssrRNA gene in laboratory 3; and (vi) multilocus genotyping at three microsatellite markers in laboratory 4. For detecting variation within C parvum and C. hominis, SSCP analysis of ITS-2 was considered to have superior utility and determined 'subgenotypes' in samples containing DNA from both species. SSCP was also most cost effective in terms of time, cost and consumables. Sequence analysis of gp60 and microsatellite markers ML1, ML2 and 'gpl5' provided good comparators for the SSCP of ITS-2. However, applicability of these methods to other CnVtosporidium species or genotypes and to environmental samples needs to be evaluated. This trial provided, for the first time, a direct comparison of multiple methods for the genetic characterisation of C parvum and C hominis samples. A protocol has been established for the international distribution of samples for the characterisation of Cn ptosporidiwn. This can be applied in further evaluation of molecular methods by investigation of a larger number of unrelated samples to establish sensitivity, typability, reproducibility and discriminatory power based on internationally accepted methods for evaluation of microbial typing schemes. (c) 2005 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Sydney Catchment Author, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. Singleton Hosp, NPHS Microbiol Swansea, Cryptosporidium Reference Unit, Swansea SA2 8QA, W Glam, Wales. Ist Super Sanita, Dept Infect Parasit & Immunomed Dis, Rome, Italy. Univ Melbourne, Dept Vet Sci, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. KIWA Water Res, NL-3430 BB Nieuwegein, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Monash Univ, Cent & Eastern Clin Sch, Alfred Hosp, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. Water Qual Res, Melbourne Water, Melbourne, Vic 3002, Australia. RP Ferguson, C (reprint author), Sydney Catchment Author, POB 323, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia. EM christobel.ferguson@sca.nsw.gov.au RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Caccio, Simone/K-9278-2015; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Sinclair, Martha/0000-0002-5900-487X NR 53 TC 106 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 35 IS 4 BP 397 EP 410 DI 10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.01.001 PG 14 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 916GS UT WOS:000228374000006 PM 15777916 ER PT J AU Shapiro-Mendoza, C Selwyn, BJ Smith, DP Sanderson, M AF Shapiro-Mendoza, C Selwyn, BJ Smith, DP Sanderson, M TI Parental pregnancy intention and early childhood stunting: findings from Bolivia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bolivia; pregnancy; unwanted; family planning services; fertility; fathers; mothers; malnutrition ID UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PLANNING STATUS; ECONOMIC-STATUS; BIRTH OUTCOMES; INFANT GROWTH; CHILDREN; ALTITUDE; WOMEN; WANTEDNESS AB Background This study examined the impact of maternally reported pregnancy intention, differentiating unwanted and mistimed pregnancies, on the prevalence of early childhood stunting. Additionally, it examined the influence of paternal pregnancy intention status. Methods Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of women and men interviewed in the 1998 Bolivia Demographic and Health Survey. The sample was restricted to lastborr, singleton children younger than 36 months who had complete anthropometric information. Multivariable logistic regression examined the associatior between pregnancy intention and stunting. Results Children from unwanted and mistimed pregnancies comprised 33% and 21% of the sample, respectively. Approximately 29% of the maternally unwanted children were stunted a:; compared to 19% among intended and 19% among mistimed children. Children 12-35 months (toddlers) from mistimed pregnancies (adjusted prevalence risk ratio [PRadj] 1.33, 95% confidence interval [Cl]: 1.03-1.72) and unwanted pregnancies (PRadj 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04-1.56) were at about a 30% greater risk for stunting than children from intended pregnancies. Infants and toddlers with both parents reporting them as unwanted had an increased risk of being stunted as compared with children both of whose parents intended the pregnancy. No association was found for infants less than 12 months. Conclusions Reducing unintended pregnancies in Bolivia may decrease the prevalence of childhood growth stunting. Children born to parents reporting mistimed or unwanted pregnancies should be monitored for growth stunting, and appropriate interventions should be developed. Measurement of paternal pregnancy intention status is valuable in pregnancy intention studies. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Brownsville, TX USA. RP Shapiro-Mendoza, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-23,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ayn9@cdc.gov NR 61 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 387 EP 396 DI 10.1093/ije/dyh354 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 924KY UT WOS:000228978900028 PM 15561748 ER PT J AU Scallan, E Majowicz, SE Hall, G Banerjee, A Bowman, CL Daly, L Jones, T Kirk, MD Fitzgerald, M Angulo, FJ AF Scallan, E Majowicz, SE Hall, G Banerjee, A Bowman, CL Daly, L Jones, T Kirk, MD Fitzgerald, M Angulo, FJ TI Prevalence of diarrhoea in the community in Australia, Canada, Ireland, and the United States SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diarrhoea; prevalence; cross-sectional studies; telephone survey; comparative study ID INFECTIOUS INTESTINAL DISEASE; GENERAL-PRACTICE; GASTROENTERITIS; ENGLAND; ILLNESS; SURVEILLANCE; NETHERLANDS; SYMPTOMS; FOODNET; BURDEN AB Background Studies in several countries have estimated the prevalence of diarrhoea in the community. However, the use of different study designs and varying case definitions has made international comparisons difficult. Methods Similar cross-sectional telephone surveys were conducted in Australia, Canada, Ireland (including Northern Ireland), and the United States over 12 month periods between 2000 and 2002. Each survey asked about diarrhoea in the four weeks before the interview. For this comparative analysis, uniform definitions were used. Results Questionnaires were completed for 6087 respondents in Australia, 3496 in Canada, 9903 in Ireland, and 14 647 in the United States. In the four weeks prior to interview, at least one episode of diarrhoea was reported by 7.6% of respondents in Canada, 7.6% in the United States, 6.4% in Australia, and 3.4% in Ireland. The prevalence of diarrhoea was consistently higher in females. In all countries, the prevalence of diarrhoea was highest in children < 5 years and lowest in persons &GE; 65 years of age. When diarrhoea and vomiting was considered, the prevalence was almost identical in the four studies (range: 2.0-2.6%). Despite different health care structures, a similar proportion of respondents sought medical care (approximately one in five). Antibiotic usage for the treatment of diarrhoea was reported by 8.3% of respondents in the United States, 5.6% in Ireland, 3.8% in Canada, and 3.6% in Australia. Conclusions Diarrhoea is a common illness among persons in the community in Australia, Canada, Ireland, and the United States. With similar methodologies and a standard case definition, age and sex patterns and health care seeking behaviour were remarkably consistent between countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Food Safety Author Ireland, Dublin 1, Ireland. Hlth Canada, Ctr Infect Dis Prevent & Control, Foodborne Waterborne & Zoonot Infect Div, Guelph, ON, Canada. Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Med, Dublin 4, Ireland. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Dept Hlth & Aging, OzFoodNet, Food Safety & Surveillance Sect, Canberra, ACT, Australia. Eastern Red Hlth Author, Dept Publ Hlth, Dublin, Ireland. RP Scallan, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MSD 63, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM escallan@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 85 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 454 EP 460 DI 10.1093/ije/dyh413 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 924KY UT WOS:000228978900038 PM 15659464 ER PT J AU Hadzibegovic, DS Maloney, SA Cookson, ST Oladele, A AF Hadzibegovic, DS Maloney, SA Cookson, ST Oladele, A TI Determining TB rates and TB case burden for refugees SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; foreign-born; refugees ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; TUBERCULOSIS; IMMIGRANTS; COUNTY AB SETTING: DeKalb County, Georgia. OBJECTIVES: To calculate and compare tuberculosis (TB) rates in refugees to US-born, total foreign-born (refugee and other), and other foreign-born persons and to determine the contribution of refugees to the county TB case burden. METHODS: The study included: 1) collection of county TB case numbers and population figures from 1995 through 1999; 2) estimation of the refugee population; 3) comparison of TB rates; and 4) calculation of the refugee TB case burden. Sensitivity analysis was performed on refugee population estimates. RESULTS: From 1995 through 1999, estimating that refugees made up 10% of the foreign-born population, the average TB rate for refugees was 83.2 per 100000, compared with 12.7 for US-born persons. From 1997 through 1999, refugees had a seven-fold greater risk of having TB than US-born persons and a two-fold greater risk than other foreign-born persons. Refugees represented respectively 7.6% and 19.3% of the county and foreign-born TB case burdens. For TB rates to be equal among all foreign-born persons, refugees would need to make up 15-25% of the foreign-born population. CONCLUSION: Despite overseas screening, refugees have high TB rates, and contribute substantially to the county TB case burden. Enhanced surveillance and targeted programs to address TB in refugees should be a public health priority. C1 DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, Refugee Hlth & TB Program, Decatur, GA 30031 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hadzibegovic, DS (reprint author), DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, Refugee Hlth & TB Program, 440 Winn Way Box 987, Decatur, GA 30031 USA. EM dhadzib@netscape.net NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 9 IS 4 BP 409 EP 414 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 913QN UT WOS:000228168000009 PM 15830746 ER PT J AU Rajbhandary, SS Marks, SM Bock, NN AF Rajbhandary, SS Marks, SM Bock, NN TI Comprehensive cost description of tuberculosis care - In reply SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Letter ID UNITED-STATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DTBE, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rajbhandary, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DTBE, Atlanta, GA USA. EM smarks@cdc.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 9 IS 4 BP 468 EP 469 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 913QN UT WOS:000228168000021 ER PT J AU McConnell, MS Byers, RH Frederick, T Peters, VB Dominguez, KL Sukalac, T Greenberg, AE Hsu, HW Rakusan, TA Ortiz, IR Melville, SK Fowler, MG AF McConnell, MS Byers, RH Frederick, T Peters, VB Dominguez, KL Sukalac, T Greenberg, AE Hsu, HW Rakusan, TA Ortiz, IR Melville, SK Fowler, MG CA Pedriatric Spectrum HIV Dis Consor TI Trends in antiretroviral therapy use and survival rates for a large cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents in the United States, 1989-2001 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Univ N Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, UNC Ctr AIDS Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Swiss Natl AIDS Res Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoWellcome Res & Dev, HIV Antiviral Res DE pediatric HIV survival trends; antiretroviral therapy; durability of therapy ID MORTALITY; ERA AB Background: In the United States, HIV-infected children and adolescents are aging and using antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for extended periods of time. Objective: To assess trends in ARV use and long-term survival in an observational cohort of HIV-infected children and adolescents in the United States. Methods: The Pediatric Spectrum of HIV Disease Study (PSD) is a prospective chart review of more than 2000 HIV-infected children and adolescents. Patients were included in the analysis from enrollment until last follow-up. Results: Triple-ARV therapy use (for 6 months or more) increased from 27% to 66% during 1997 to 2001 (p < 0.0001, chi(2) for trend). The proportion of patients receiving 3 or more sequential triple-therapy regimens also increased from 4% to 17% during 1997 to 2001 (p < 0.0001, chi(2) for trend), however, and the durability of triple-therapy regimens decreased from 13 to 7 months from the first to third regimen. Survival rates for the 1997 to 2001 birth cohorts were significantly better than for the 1989 to 1993 and 1994 to 1996 cohorts (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Survival rates in the PSD cohort have increased in association with triple-ARV therapy use. With continued changes in ARV regimens, effective modifications in ARV therapy and the sustainability of gains in survival need to be determined. C1 CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. State Labs Inst, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. George Washington Univ, Sch Med, Washington, DC USA. RP McConnell, MS (reprint author), CDC, Global Programme AIDS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmcconnell@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU202212, U64/CCU206818, U64/CCU303310, U64/CCU603300, U64/CCU114918, U64/CCU903273] NR 20 TC 64 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 4 BP 488 EP 494 DI 10.1097/01.qai.0000134744.72079.cc PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 906TA UT WOS:000227665000014 PM 15764966 ER PT J AU Lowry, R Galuska, DA Fulton, JE Burgeson, CR Kann, L AF Lowry, R Galuska, DA Fulton, JE Burgeson, CR Kann, L TI Weight management goals and use of exercise for weight control among US high school students, 1991-2001 SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE weight control; physical activity; exercise; adolescent; trend; gender differences ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; ADOLESCENTS; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN; OBESITY; DISEASE; MORTALITY; YOUTH AB Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine trends in weight management goals and the use of exercise for weight control among U.S. high school students. Methods: As part of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System, 6 national school-based surveys were conducted between 1991 and 2001. Each survey used a three-stage cross-sectional sample of students in grades 9-12. African-American and Hispanic students were oversampled. Logistic regression models were used to test for trends among gender and race/ethnic subgroups, controlling demographic changes over time. Results: From 1991 to 2001, the percentage of female students trying to lose weight (61.7%-62.3%) or stay the same weight (15.4%-16.0%) did not change significantly. Among male students, trying to lose weight (22.7%-28.8%) and trying to stay the same weight (17.8%-21.5%) both increased significantly, while trying to gain weight decreased significantly (32.7%-26.3%). Among female and male students who were trying to lose weight or stay the same weight, the use of exercise for weight control increased significantly. Among students who reported using exercise for weight control, participation in vigorous physical activity ? 3 days per week increased among African-American female students, and participation in strengthening exercises ? 3 days per week increased among male students. Conclusions: These findings suggest increased interest in weight control among male adolescents, and increased use of exercise for weight control among female and male adolescents. (c) 2005 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lowry, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Rlowry@cdc.gov NR 32 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD APR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 4 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.03.010 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 909TZ UT WOS:000227884900007 PM 15780787 ER PT J AU Johnson, RC Lemire, SW Woolfitt, AR Ospina, M Preston, KP Olson, CT Barr, JR AF Johnson, RC Lemire, SW Woolfitt, AR Ospina, M Preston, KP Olson, CT Barr, JR TI Quantification of ricinine in rat and human urine: A biomarker for ricin exposure SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHALATION EXPOSURE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; I-125 RICIN; BIOSENSOR; COMMUNIS; ELISA; MICE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Med Res & Evolut Facil, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Barr, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM JBarr@cdc.gov RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012 NR 32 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 9 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 916DQ UT WOS:000228366000001 PM 15842756 ER PT J AU Booton, GC Visvesvara, GS Byers, TJ Kelly, DJ Fuerst, PA AF Booton, GC Visvesvara, GS Byers, TJ Kelly, DJ Fuerst, PA TI Identification and distribution of Acanthamoeba species genotypes associated with nonkeratitis infections SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONTACT-LENSES; GENUS ACANTHAMOEBA; KERATITIS PATIENTS; SEQUENCE TYPES; SPP.; ATTACHMENT; PROFILES; WEARERS; AMEBAS; HUMANS AB Acanthamoeba is a free-living protozoan genus found in a wide variety of natural habitats, including water, soil, and air. Pathogenic isolates of Acanthamoeba are medically relevant as the causative agent of sight-threatening Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), serious infections of other organs, and fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis. Previous work employing DNA sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial small-subunit rRNA genes (SSU rRNA genes) determined the genotypic diversity of Acanthamoeba and found that many named species of Acanthamoeba are associated with particular genotypes. These studies also concluded that nearly all AK infections result from a single molecular genotype: T4. Here, we asked whether Acanthamoeba clinical isolates from non-AK infections are also associated with particular genotypes. DNA sequence determination of nuclear SSU rRNA genes was employed for genotypic identification of 29 isolates of Acanthamoeba from non-AK infections. Sequence analysis demonstrates that T4 is the predominant genotype in non-AK infections, including those in brain, cerebrospinal fluid, nasal passages, skin, and lung. Rare genotypes (T1, T10, and T12) have been isolated from brain infections. We conclude that genotype T4 is the primary genotype in non-AK Acanthamoeba infections, as was the case in AK infections. However, the genotypes that were isolated from brains have not been observed in environmental isolates of Acanthamoeba, and their natural ecological niche is unknown. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept EEOB, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Booton, GC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept EEOB, 318 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM booton.1@osu.edu FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY009073, R01 EY009073-10, R01 EY09073] NR 29 TC 120 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1689 EP 1693 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1689-1693.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100029 PM 15814986 ER PT J AU Steward, CD Raney, PM Morrell, AK Williams, PP McDougal, LK Jevitt, L McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF Steward, CD Raney, PM Morrell, AK Williams, PP McDougal, LK Jevitt, L McGowan, JE Tenover, FC TI Testing for induction of clindamycin resistance in erythromycin-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus 2 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOGRAMIN-B RESISTANCE; COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; ERM GENE CLASSES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; AUREUS; MACROLIDES; LINCOSAMIDE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; DETERMINANTS AB Disk diffusion and broth microdilution (BMD) were used to perform clindamycin (CLI) induction testing on 128 selected nonduplicate isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Disk diffusion testing involved placing CLI and erythromycin (ERY) disks approximately 12 mm apart (measured edge to edge) on a Mueller-Hinton agar plate that had been inoculated with an S. aureus isolate; the plate was then incubated for 16 to 18 h. Two distinct induction phenotypes (labeled D and D+) and four noninduction phenotypes (designated as negative [Neg], hazy D zone [HD], resistant [R], and susceptible [S]) were observed in disk diffusion results. A clear, D-shaped zone of inhibition around the CLI disk was designated as the D phenotype and was observed for 21 isolates while a D-shaped zone containing inner colonies growing up to the CLI disk was designated as D+ (17 isolates). In addition, 10 isolates were CLI susceptible and ERY resistant but were not inducible and showed no blunting of the CLI zone (Neg phenotype). Isolates that were CLI and ERY resistant (constitutive macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance) demonstrated either a double zone of inhibition with an inner ring of reduced growth up to the edge of the disks (HD phenotype; 33 isolates) or solid growth around the CLI and ERY disks (R phenotype; 16 isolates). Finally, 31 isolates were susceptible by disk testing to both CLI and ERY (S phenotype). PCR results showed that isolates with a D phenotype harbored ermA, isolates with a D+ phenotype contained either ermC (16 isolates) or ermA and ermC (one isolate), and all 10 isolates with a Neg phenotype contained msrA. All isolates with an HD or R phenotype harbored at least one erm gene. Isolates showing the D+ phenotype by disk diffusion were also detected by BMD using a variety of CLI and ERY concentrations; however, isolates with the D phenotype were more difficult to detect by BMD and will likely require optimization of ERY and CLI concentrations in multilaboratory studies to ensure adequate sensitivity. Thus, at present, disk diffusion is the preferred method for testing S. aureus isolates for inducible CLI resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fnt1@cdc.gov RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 27 TC 71 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1716 EP 1721 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1716-1721.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100033 PM 15814990 ER PT J AU Brown, JM Frazier, RP Morey, RE Steigerwalt, AG Pellegrini, GJ Daneshvar, MI Hollis, DG McNeil, MM AF Brown, JM Frazier, RP Morey, RE Steigerwalt, AG Pellegrini, GJ Daneshvar, MI Hollis, DG McNeil, MM TI Phenotypic and genetic characterization of clinical isolates of CDC coryneform group A-3: Proposal of a new species of Cellulomonas, Cellulomonas denverensis sp nov. SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; OERSKOVIA-TURBATA; IDENTIFICATION; ENDOCARDITIS; BACTERIA AB CDC coryneform group A-3 bacteria are rare human pathogens. In this study, six group A-3 isolates (two from blood, one from cerebrospinal fluid, and one each from homograft valve, lip wound, and pilonidal cyst) were compared to the type strains of phenotypically related organisms, Cellulomonas fimi, Cellulomonas hominis, Oerskovia turbata, and Sanguibacter suarezii, and characterized by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic studies. DNA-DNA reassociation analysis identified two genomic groups, and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence identified the taxonomic positions of these groups to genus level. Two groups were defined, and both were more closely related to Cellulomonas species: one group of three strains, for which we propose the new species Cellulomonas denverensis sp. nov., with the type strain W6929 (ATCC BAA-788 T or DSM 15764 T), was related to C hominis ATCC 51964r (98.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), and the second group of three strains was related to C. hominis ATCC 51964 T (99.8 to 99.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The definition of this new Cellulomonas species and the confirmation of three strains as C hominis serve to further clarify the complex taxonomy of CDC coryneform group A-3 bacteria and will assist in our understanding of the epidemiology and clinical significance of these microorganisms. C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Meningitis & Special Pa, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Meningitis & Special Pa, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Bldg 17-2207,Mailstop G-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jmb6@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1732 EP 1737 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1732-1737.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100036 PM 15814993 ER PT J AU Mostert, L Groenewald, JZ Summerbell, RC Robert, V Sutton, DA Padhye, AA Crous, PW AF Mostert, L Groenewald, JZ Summerbell, RC Robert, V Sutton, DA Padhye, AA Crous, PW TI Species of Phaeoacremonium associated with infections in humans and environmental reservoirs in infected woody plants SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHIALOPHORA-REPENS; PRIMER SETS; PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; PHYLOGENY; GRAPEVINE; TOGNINIA; DISEASE AB To date, three species of Phaeoacremonium have been associated with phaeohyphomycosis. These are P. parasiticum (formerly Phialophora parasitica), P. inflatipes, and P. rubrigenum. Numerous unknown isolates resembling Phaeoacremonium spp. have in recent years been isolated from human patients as well as from woody plants that appear to be the main environmental source of these fungi. Nine new Phaeoacremonium species, of which six were obtained as etiologic agents of human opportunistic infection, are reported. They can be identified based on their cultural and morphological characters, and the identifications are strongly supported in phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the actin, P-tubulin, and calmodulin genes. A multiple-entry electronic key based on morphological, cultural, and P-tubulin sequence data was developed to facilitate routine species identification. Reexamination of all isolates of P. inflatipes associated with human disease showed them to be misidentified and to belong to the new taxa described here. C1 Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biol, Fungus Testing Lab, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mostert, L (reprint author), Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands. EM mostert@cbs.knaw.nl RI Groenewald, Johannes/F-4667-2011; Crous, Pedro/H-1489-2012 OI Crous, Pedro/0000-0001-9085-8825 NR 28 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1752 EP 1767 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1752-1767.2005 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100039 PM 15814996 ER PT J AU Almirante, B Rodriguez, D Park, BJ Cuenca-Estrella, M Planes, AM Almela, M Mensa, J Sanchez, F Ayats, J Gimenez, M Saballs, P Fridkin, SK Morgan, J Rodriguez-Tudela, JL Warnock, DW Pahissa, A AF Almirante, B Rodriguez, D Park, BJ Cuenca-Estrella, M Planes, AM Almela, M Mensa, J Sanchez, F Ayats, J Gimenez, M Saballs, P Fridkin, SK Morgan, J Rodriguez-Tudela, JL Warnock, DW Pahissa, A CA Barcelona Candidemia Project Study TI Epidemiology and predictors of mortality in cases of Candida bloodstream infection: Results from population-based surveillance, Barcelona, Spain, from 2002 to 2003 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITIES; CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; SECULAR TRENDS; EUROPEAN CONFEDERATION; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION; ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE; RISK-FACTORS; FLUCONAZOLE AB We conducted population-based surveillance for Candida bloodstream infections in Spain to determine its incidence, the extent of antifungal resistance, and risk factors for mortality. A case was defined as the first positive blood culture for any Candida spp. in a resident of Barcelona, from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2003. We defined early mortality as occurring between days 3 to 7 after candidemia and late mortality as occurring between days 8 to 30. We detected 345 cases of candidemia, for an average annual incidence of 4.3 cases/100,000 population, 0.53 cases/1,000 hospital discharges, and 0.73 cases/10,000 patient-days. Outpatients comprised 11% of the cases, and 89% had a central venous catheter (CVC) at diagnosis. Overall mortality was 44%. Candida albicans was the most frequent species (51% of cases), followed by Candida parapsilosis (23%), Candida tropicalis (10%), Candida glabrata (8%), Candida krusei (4%), and other species (3%). Twenty-four isolates (7%) had decreased susceptibility to fluconazole (MIC >= 16 mu g/ml). On multivariable analysis, early death was independently associated with hematological malignancy (odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 10.4). Treatment with antifungals (OR, 0.05; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.2) and removal of CVCs (OR, 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9) were protective factors for early death. Receiving adequate treatment, defined as having CVCs removed and administration of an antifungal medication (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.08 to 0.8), was associated with lower odds of late mortality; intubation (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 2.6 to 21.1) was associated with higher odds. The incidence of candidemia and prevalence of fluconazole resistance are similar to other European countries, indicating that routine antifungal susceptibility testing is not warranted. Antifungal medication and catheter removal are critical in preventing mortality. C1 Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Univ Val Hebron, Div Infect Dis, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Univ Val Hebron, Dept Microbiol, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain. Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Dept Microbiol, Lhospitalet De Llobregat, Spain. Hosp Santa Creu & Sant Pau, Hosp Clin IDIBAPS, Dept Microbiol, Div Infect Dis, Lhospitalet De Llobregat, Spain. Hosp Univ Bellvitge, Dept Microbiol, Lhospitalet De Llobregat, Spain. Hosp Univ Germans Trias & Pajol, Dept Microbiol, Badalona, Spain. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Mar, Div Infect Dis, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain. Inst Salud Carlos III, Dept Mycol, Madrid, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Almirante, B (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Univ Val Hebron, Div Infect Dis, Avda Vall Hebron,119-129, E-08035 Barcelona, Spain. EM balmirante@vhebron.net RI Ferrandos, Montserrat/H-7889-2012; Rodriguez-Pardo, Dolors/F-7978-2012; OI Rodriguez-Pardo, Dolors/0000-0001-6781-5405; Almirante, Benito/0000-0002-1189-2361 NR 47 TC 368 Z9 395 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1829 EP 1835 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1829-1835.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100047 PM 15815004 ER PT J AU Luo, W Yang, H Rathbun, K Pau, CP Ou, CY AF Luo, W Yang, H Rathbun, K Pau, CP Ou, CY TI Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA in dried blood spots by a duplex real-time PCR assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; FILTER-PAPER; SUBTYPE-B; INFECTION; SPECIMENS; INFANTS; SAMPLES; ACID AB A dried blood spot (DBS) is a well-accepted means for the collection, transport, and storage of blood samples for various epidemiologic, serologic, and molecular assays for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) studies. It is particularly important for mother-to-infant-transmission studies of affected individuals living in remote areas. We have developed a real-time PCR method to detect HIV type 1 (HIV-1) DNA in dried blood spots. A cellular gene, RNase P, was coamplified with the HIV-1 DNA in the same tube to monitor the DNA extraction efficiency and the overall assay performance. Our assay is a one-tube, single-step closed-system assay and uses a dUTP/uracil DNA glycosidase anti-PCR contamination control. The HIV-1 primers and probe were derived from a conserved region of the long terminal repeat. The detection of RNase P is attenuated by lowering the forward and reverse primer concentrations so that its amplification will not overwhelm the HIV-1 amplification and yet will provide a semiquantitative measurement of the quality of the isolated DBS DNA. We examined 103 HIV-1-seropositive and 56 seronegative U.S. adults and found that our assay has a sensitivity of 98.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 95.5% to 100%) and specificity of 100% (95% CI, 99% to 100%). The positive and negative predictive values are 100% and 96.6%, respectively. This duplex PCR assay may be useful in identifying HIV-1-infected persons, particularly infants born to seropositive mothers in remote areas of the world. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ou, CY (reprint author), Mailstop A-25,16000 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cho2@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1851 EP 1857 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1851-1857.2005 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100051 PM 15815008 ER PT J AU Silva, V Pereira, CN Ajello, L Mendoza, L AF Silva, V Pereira, CN Ajello, L Mendoza, L TI Molecular evidence for multiple host-specific strains in the genus Rhinosporidium SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTISTAN PARASITES; NOMENCLATURE; PATHOGEN; SEEBERI; CLADE AB The taxonomic relationship of Rhinosporidium seeberi with other organisms remained controversial for over a century. Recently, molecular studies have shown R. seeberi to be a protistal microbe in the newly described class Mesomycetozoea at the animal-fungal boundary. Phylogenetic analyses of R. seeberi using 18S small-subunit (SSU) rRNA genes from several hosts suggested Rhinosporidium as a monotypic genus. To test this hypothesis, the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S, and ITS2 from eight humans, two swans, and a dog with rhinosporidiosis were sequenced. The ITS regions were amplified by PCR using a primer designed from a unique region of R. seeberi's 18S SSU rRNA genes in combination with the ITS4 universal primer. In addition, the universal ITS4 and ITS5 primers were also used. R. seeberi's ITS sequences showed differences in the numbers of nucleotides among strains. For instance, the eight human ITS sequences were uniformly similar with only a few mismatches and similar to 1,060 bp long. In contrast, sequences from one of the swans and the dog were 1,356 bp and similar to 1,147 bp long, respectively. Clustal analysis of all of the ITS sequences showed multiple 50- to 60-bp gaps and several mismatches among them. Parsimony analysis placed the Rhinosporidium ITS sequences in three well-supported sister groups according to the hosts' identities. This analysis strongly suggests that the genus Rhinosporidium may possess multiple host-specific strains. No correlation was found between this finding and the phenotypic features of R. seeberi in the studied samples. C1 Michigan State Univ, Med Technol Program, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NCID, Mycot Dis Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mendoza, L (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Med Technol Program, 322 N Kedzie Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mendoza9@msu.edu NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1865 EP 1868 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1865-1868.2005 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100053 PM 15815010 ER PT J AU Lambert, AJ Nasci, RS Cropp, BC Martin, DA Rose, BC Russell, BJ Lanciotti, RS AF Lambert, AJ Nasci, RS Cropp, BC Martin, DA Rose, BC Russell, BJ Lanciotti, RS TI Nucleic acid amplification assays for detection of La Crosse virus RNA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENCEPHALITIS VIRUSES; RAPID DETECTION; ARBOVIRAL RNA; WEST-NILE; MOSQUITOS AB We report the development of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) and quantitative real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assays for the detection of La Crosse (LAC) virus in field-collected vector mosquito samples and human clinical samples. The sensitivities of these assays were compared to that of a standard plaque assay in Vero cells. The NASBA and quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays demonstrated sensitivities greater than that of the standard plaque assay. The specificities of these assays were determined by testing a battery of reference strain viruses, including representative strains of LAC virus and other arthropod-borne viruses. Additionally, these assays were used to detect LAC viral RNA in mosquito pool samples and human brain tissue samples and yielded results within less than 4 h. The NASBA and quantitative real-time RT-PCR assays detect LAC viral RNA in a sensitive, specific, and rapid manner; these findings support the use of these assays in surveillance and diagnostic laboratory systems. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lambert, AJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM ahk7@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1885 EP 1889 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1885-1889.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100056 PM 15815013 ER PT J AU Landry, ML Ferguson, D Cohen, S Peret, TCT Erdman, DD AF Landry, ML Ferguson, D Cohen, S Peret, TCT Erdman, DD TI Detection of human metapneumovirus in clinical samples by immunofluorescence staining of shell vial centrifugation cultures prepared from three different cell lines SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY ILLNESS; RAPID DETECTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; PCR ASSAY; VIRUSES AB Monoclonal antibody MAb-8 was evaluated for detection of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in shell vial centrifugation cultures (SVCC). Detection of HMPV was similar in A549, HEp-2, and LLC-MK2 SVCC, and MAb-8 staining was optimal on day 2 postinoculation. Availability of SVCC for HMPV will be of significant benefit to clinical laboratories. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale New Haven Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Landry, ML (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Lab Med, POB 208035, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM marie.landry@yale.edu NR 11 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1950 EP 1952 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1950-1952.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100072 PM 15815029 ER PT J AU Cheung, DTL Kam, KM Hau, KL Au, TK Marston, CK Gee, JE Popovic, T Van Ert, MN Kenefic, L Keim, P Hoffmaster, AR AF Cheung, DTL Kam, KM Hau, KL Au, TK Marston, CK Gee, JE Popovic, T Van Ert, MN Kenefic, L Keim, P Hoffmaster, AR TI Characterization of a Bacillus anthracis isolate causing a rare case of fatal anthrax in a 2-year-old boy from Hong Kong SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIVERSITY AB We used multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and pagA sequencing to genotype a Bacillus anthracis isolate from a fatal case of human anthrax in Hong Kong. The isolate has a unique MLVA genotype, is related to the Sterne and Ames strains, and is consistent with genotypes identified in China. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth, Hong Kong Special Adm Reg, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Translat Genom Res Inst, Pathogen Genom Div, Phoenix, AZ 85004 USA. RP Hoffmaster, AR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM amh9@cdc.gov RI Keim, Paul/A-2269-2010; Kam, Kai Man/K-4546-2012 OI Kam, Kai Man/0000-0003-0579-0307 NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 1992 EP 1994 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.4.1992-1994.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100084 PM 15815041 ER PT J AU Lowell, JL Wagner, DM Atshabar, B Antolin, MF Vogler, AJ Keim, P Chu, MC Gage, KL AF Lowell, JL Wagner, DM Atshabar, B Antolin, MF Vogler, AJ Keim, P Chu, MC Gage, KL TI Identifying sources of human exposure to plague (vol 43, pg 650, 2005) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Colorado State Univ, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. M Aikimbayevs Katakh Sci Ctr Quarantine & Zoonot, Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP Lowell, JL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 2040 EP 2040 DI 10.1128/TCM.43.4.2040.2005 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 916RS UT WOS:000228404100105 ER PT J AU Keswani, J Kashon, ML Chen, BT AF Keswani, J Kashon, ML Chen, BT TI Evaluation of interference to conventional and real-time PCR for detection and quantification of fungi in dust SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; STACHYBOTRYS-CHARTARUM; DNA EXTRACTION; SOIL; AMPLIFICATION; INHIBITION; SAMPLES; SPORES; ASSAY; AIR AB Advances in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have permitted accurate, rapid and quantitative identification of microorganisms in pure cultures regardless of viability or culturability. In this study, a simple sample processing method was investigated for rapid identification and quantification of fungal spores from dust samples using both conventional and real-time PCR. The proposed method was evaluated for susceptibility to interference from environmental dust samples. Stachybotrys chartarum and aspergillus fumigatus were used as test organisms. The sensitivity of detection in pure culture was 0.1 spore DNA equivalents per PCR reaction corresponding to 20 spores ml(-1) in the sample. However, 1 spore DNA equivalent per PCR reaction corresponding to 200 spores ml(-1) in the sample was the lowest amount of spores tested without interference in dust samples spiked with spores of either fungal species. The extent of inhibition was calculated using conventional and real-time PCR reactions containing fungal spores, specific primers, specific probes (for real-time PCR) and various amounts of dust. The results indicate that the extent of inhibition by dust on PCR varies with the type and amount of dust, and number of spores. No interference in the analysis of spiked samples was detected from 0.2 mg ml(-1) of four real-life dust samples at p-value >0.05 using 2 x 10(4) spores for conventional PCR and 2 x 10(5) Spores for real-time PCR. However, samples containing >0.2 mg ml(-1) real-life dust compromised the PCR assay. These results suggest the potential usefulness of a simple sample processing method in conjunction with PCR for monitoring the fungal content of aerosols collected from indoor environments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Keswani, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Exposure Assessment Branch, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S L-3030, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM JKeswani@cdc.gov NR 41 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PD APR PY 2005 VL 7 IS 4 BP 311 EP 318 DI 10.1039/b415498c PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 918XK UT WOS:000228582700032 PM 15798797 ER PT J AU Boyle, CL Lutzker, JR AF Boyle, CL Lutzker, JR TI Teaching young children to discriminate abusive from nonabusive situations using multiple exemplars in a modified discrete trial teaching format SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Behavior-Analysis CY MAY 26, 2001 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Assoc Behav Anal DE child sexual abuse; prevention; child maltreatment; discrete trial training; child personal safety ID PERSONAL SAFETY SKILLS; SEXUALLY-ABUSED-CHILDREN; PREVENTION PROGRAMS; PRESCHOOLERS; TEACHERS; PSYCHOPATHOLOGY; METAANALYSIS; INSTRUCTORS; CONCEPTIONS; KNOWLEDGE AB Personal safety programs can teach young children knowledge and skills they can utilize to avoid or escape abduction and sexual abuse (Wurtele, 1990). An appropriate escape response will not occur, however, if the child is unable to discriminate an innocuous situation from a potentially abusive one. This study examines the crucial elements involved in training the recognition or discrimination phase in personal safety programs. A multiple probe design across three typically developing children, ages 5-years 7-months through 6-years 7-months, was used to determine whether rules and discrete trial training of discriminations of appropriate and inappropriate touch and situations generalized to puppet role-play scenarios. All participants showed increases in correct responding on generalization role-play probes and maintained these increases over a 3-and 6-week follow-up. C1 Univ Judaism, Dept Psychol, Bel Air, CA USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Human Dev & Family Life, Lawrence, KS USA. RP Lutzker, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Bufford Highway NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlutzker@cdc.gov NR 54 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7482 J9 J FAM VIOLENCE JI J. Fam. Violence PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 55 EP 69 DI 10.1007/s10896-005-3169-4 PG 15 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 919TR UT WOS:000228641000001 ER PT J AU Duru, O Mangione, CM Karter, AJ Kountz, DS Safford, MM Tseng, C Waitzfelder, B Gerzoff, R Huh, S Steers, W Brown, A AF Duru, O Mangione, CM Karter, AJ Kountz, DS Safford, MM Tseng, C Waitzfelder, B Gerzoff, R Huh, S Steers, W Brown, A TI Eliminating disparities in diabetes care: The impact of disease management strategies within triad. SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY MAY 11-14, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc General Internal Med C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 SU 1 BP 114 EP 115 PG 2 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 922IQ UT WOS:000228831000309 ER PT J AU Chuang, CH Chase, GA Bensyl, DM Weisman, CS AF Chuang, CH Chase, GA Bensyl, DM Weisman, CS TI Contraceptive use in diabetic and obese women SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY MAY 11-14, 2005 CL New Orleans, LA SP Soc General Internal Med C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0884-8734 J9 J GEN INTERN MED JI J. Gen. Intern. Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 SU 1 BP 210 EP 210 PG 1 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 922IQ UT WOS:000228831001253 ER PT J AU Whittier, DK Kennedy, MG St Lawrence, JS Seeley, S Beck, V AF Whittier, DK Kennedy, MG St Lawrence, JS Seeley, S Beck, V TI Embedding health messages into entertainment television: Effect on gay men's response to a syphilis outbreak SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID AIDS; MEDIA; INFORMATION; ATTITUDES; EDUCATION; IMPACT AB The entertainment education (EE) approach seeks to impact audiences' health behavior by embedding messages in mass media productions, storylines, and characters that appeal strongly to them. Effect on behavioral intentions was examined following a storyline about syphilis in men who have sex with men (MSM) presented in a popular dramatic series. Five hundred and one MSM drawn from gay Internet chat rooms completed the questionnaire. Differences in item responses between those who did and did not view the syphilis storyline were calculated, and linear regression was used to examine predictors of intentions to take action. Those who viewed the syphilis storyline were more likely to report intention to get screened and to tell others to get screened for syphilis. Seeing the episode was a predictor of these intentions. Education was also a predictor of intention to tell others to get screened. Results suggest that exposure to a storyline about syphilis in gay men had a positive public health outcome on users of Internet chat rooms for MSM. Further studies are warranted to examine the extent to which and how the EE approach can produce health-relevant outcomes for U. S. populations, just as the approach has done in the developing world. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CAMP Rehoboth, Rehoboth, MD USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Whittier, DK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM apn2@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD APR-MAY PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 251 EP 259 DI 10.1080/10810730590934271 PG 9 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 938KK UT WOS:000229998800006 PM 16036732 ER PT J AU Gupta, M Greer, P Mahanty, S Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Ahmed, R Rollin, PE AF Gupta, M Greer, P Mahanty, S Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Ahmed, R Rollin, PE TI CD8-mediated protection against Ebola virus infection is perforin dependent SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-DEFICIENT MICE; GAMMA-INTERFERON; MURINE GAMMAHERPESVIRUS; T-CELLS; MECHANISMS; FAS; NUCLEOPROTEIN; CYTOTOXICITY; PATHOGENESIS; REPLICATION AB CD8 T cells have been shown to play an important role in the clearance and protection against fatal Ebola virus infection. In this study, we examined the mechanisms by which CD8 T cells mediate this protection. Our data demonstrate that all normal mice infected s.c. with a mouse-adapted Ebola virus survived the infection, as did 100% of mice deficient in Fas and 90% of those deficient in IFN-gamma. In contrast, perforin-deficient mice uniformly died after s.c. challenge. Perforin-deficient mice failed to clear viral infection even though they developed normal levels of neutralizing anti-Ebola Abs and 5- to 10-fold higher levels of IFN-gamma than control mice. Using MHC class I tetramers, we have also shown that perforin-deficient mice have 2- to 4-fold higher numbers of Ebola-specific CD8s than control mice. These findings suggest that the clearance of Ebola virus is perforin-dependent and provide an additional example showing that this basic immunologic mechanism is not limited to the clearance of noncytopathic viruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Clin, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Clin, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Gupta, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mgupta@cdc.gov OI Mahanty, Siddhartha/0000-0003-1068-0524 NR 24 TC 31 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 174 IS 7 BP 4198 EP 4202 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 911KD UT WOS:000228000100050 PM 15778381 ER PT J AU Musher, DM Ceasar, H Kojic, EM Musher, BL Gathe, JC Romero-Steiner, S White, AC AF Musher, DM Ceasar, H Kojic, EM Musher, BL Gathe, JC Romero-Steiner, S White, AC TI Administration of protein-conjugate pneumococcal vaccine to patients who have invasive disease after splenectomy despite their having received 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POSTSPLENECTOMY INFECTION; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; RISK; INDIVIDUALS; PENICILLIN; ASPLENIA; CHILDREN; FAILURE; DEATH AB Patients who undergo splenectomy are at greatly increased risk for overwhelming pneumococcal bacteremia and death. Twenty-three-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine ( PPV- 23), which contains capsular polysaccharides (PSs) from 23 common serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae, is strongly recommended for such patients. The capacity to respond to PPV- 23 by producing immunoglobulin (Ig) G is genetically regulated. Some proportion of adults do not respond and, despite postsplenectomy administration of PPV- 23, may remain susceptible to recurrent pneumococcal sepsis. Here, we describe 2 patients who had recurring pneumococcal bacteremia after undergoing splenectomy despite having received numerous doses of PPV- 23. Heptavalent protein-conjugate pneumococcal vaccine (PCPV-7) was then administered, and it induced high levels of IgG to all 7 PSs; in one of the patients, functional activity against 5 of the 7 PSs was demonstrable, both in vitro and in vivo. Recurrent pneumococcal bacteremia in patients who have undergone splenectomy may indicate a genetically regulated failure to respond to PPV- 23; PCPV-7 may stimulate production of IgG to PSs in such patients. C1 Michael E DeBakey Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, Houston, TX USA. Ben Taub Gen Hosp, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Dept Mol Virol & Microbiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Musher, DM (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, 2002 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM daniel.musher@med.va.gov OI White, A Clinton/0000-0002-9668-4632; Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 22 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 7 BP 1063 EP 1067 DI 10.1086/428135 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 903IB UT WOS:000227418200007 PM 15747240 ER PT J AU Lu, L Nakano, T He, YS Fu, YS Hagedorn, CH Robertson, BH AF Lu, L Nakano, T He, YS Fu, YS Hagedorn, CH Robertson, BH TI Hepatitis C virus genotype distribution in China: Predominance of closely related subtype 1b isolates and existence of new genotype 6 variants SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; DNA sequencing; phylogenetic analysis; genotype; China ID SOUTH-EAST ASIA; MAJOR GENETIC GROUPS; BLOOD-DONORS; HONG-KONG; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; LIVER-DISEASE; CHIANG-MAI; HCV; PREVALENCE; INFECTION AB To determine hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distribution in China, a total of 148 HCV RNA positive serum samples were collected from nine geographic areas and subjected to RT-PCR followed by direct DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the core, E1, and NS5B regions. HCV was genotyped in 139 (93.9%) samples. Among them subtype 1b was the most predominant [66% (92/139)] followed by 2a [14% (19/139)]. Of 92 subtype 1b isolates, 35 (38%) and 30 (33%) formed two clusters, designated groups A and B. Group A was prevalent throughout China, while group B was predominant in the central and southern regions. In three cities in the Pearl River Delta, subtype 6a replaced 2a as the second most predominant subtype, and in Kunming (southwest) multiple HCV genotypes/subtypes were present. New variants of HCV genotype 6 were discovered in three samples from Kunming and one in Guangzhou in the Pearl River Delta. C1 Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. Ichinomiya Nishi Hosp, Dept Internal Med, Aichi, Japan. Sun Yat Sen Univ, Da An Diagnost Ctr, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Guangzhou Blood Ctr, Guangzhou, Guangdong, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lu, L (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Gastroenterol Hepatol, 4035 Delp,MS 1023, Kansas City, KS 66160 USA. EM llu@kumc.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 063064]; NCRR NIH HHS [5P20 RR 016443-04] NR 74 TC 99 Z9 135 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 75 IS 4 BP 538 EP 549 DI 10.1002/jmv.20307 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 904OC UT WOS:000227506600008 PM 15714489 ER PT J AU Westerman, LE Xu, J Jiang, BM McClure, HM Glass, RI AF Westerman, LE Xu, J Jiang, BM McClure, HM Glass, RI TI Experimental infection of pigtailed macaques with a simian rotavirus, YK-1 SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE non-human primate; antigen shedding; serology; antibody-secreting cells ID REOVIRUS-LIKE AGENT; GNOTOBIOTIC CALVES; INFANTILE GASTROENTERITIS; CYNOMOLGUS MONKEYS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES; VIRAL REPLICATION; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BOVINE ROTAVIRUS; RABBIT MODEL; MOUSE MODEL AB Experimental rotavirus infection was investigated in pigtailed macaques to study the infectivity, immunity, and pathogenesis of rotavirus. A challenge virus, YK-1, was administered intragastrically to four seronegative macaques (age. 11-16 months). Although none of the monkeys developed diarrhea, an active infection occurred with high titers of rotavirus antigen detected in stools 2-10 days after challenge. These animals developed rotavirus-specific antibody responses similar to those seen following primary exposure to rotavirus. YK-1 was then inoculated in four seropositive macaques (age: 14-16 months). All animals shed viral antigen in their stool, but the titers and duration were significantly less when compared to seronegative macaques. When rechallenged 28 days after initial YK-1 challenge, the macaques demonstrated significant protection against reinfection. All seropositive animals developed a rise in rotavirus-specific serum and fecal antibodies during YK-1 challenge and rechallenge. To independently assess the role of age and preexisting IgG titers to rotavirus, a 4-month-old seronegative and 6-month-old seropositive macaque were inoculated with YK-1. The seronegative macaque shed high titers of virus for 9 days, while the seropositive macaque shed only 3 days and in low titer. These data suggest that a primate model of rotavirus infection using the YK-1 strain may be useful in examining the immune response and protection from infection in pigtailed macaques and indicate that levels and duration of shedding may provide a good measure of protection from natural infection and from that induced by oral or parenteral vaccines. C1 Emory Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Unit, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Westerman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lew2@cdc.gov FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00165] NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 75 IS 4 BP 616 EP 625 DI 10.1002/jmv.20308 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 904OC UT WOS:000227506600018 PM 15714478 ER PT J AU Bentley, ME Corneli, AL Piwoz, E Moses, A Nkhoma, J Tohill, BC Ahmed, Y Adair, L Jamieson, DJ van der Horst, C AF Bentley, ME Corneli, AL Piwoz, E Moses, A Nkhoma, J Tohill, BC Ahmed, Y Adair, L Jamieson, DJ van der Horst, C CA BAN Formative Study Grp TI Perceptions of the role of maternal nutrition in HIV-positive breast-feeding women in Malawi SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Womens Voices, Womens Choices - The Challenge of Nutrition and HIV/AIDS CY APR 20, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Soc Int Nutr Res DE formative research; exclusive breast-feeding; maternal nutrition; body image; HIV/AIDS ID CROSS-CULTURAL DIFFERENCES; FEMALE BODY SHAPES AB A neglected issue in the literature on maternal nutrition and HIV is how HIV-positive women perceive their own bodies, health, and well-being, particularly in light of their infection, and whether these perceptions influence their infant feeding practices and their perceived ability to breast-feed exclusively through 6 mo. We conducted formative research to better understand breast-feeding practices and perceptions, and to inform the Breastfeeding, Antiretroviral, and Nutrition (BAN) Study, a clinical trial to evaluate antiretroviral and nutrition interventions to reduce mother-to-child transmission of HIV during breast-feeding in Lilongwe, Malawi. Twenty-two HIV-positive women living in semirural areas on the periphery of Lilongwe participated in in-depth interviews. In an adaptation of the body-silhouette methodology, nine culturally appropriate body silhouettes, representing a continuum of very thin to very large shapes, were used to elicit women's views on their present, previous-year, and preferred body shapes, and on the shape they perceived as healthy. The narrative scenario method was also used to explore women's views on 2 fictional women infected with HIV and their ability to exclusively breast-feed. Women perceived larger body shapes as healthy, because fatness is considered a sign of good health and absence of disease, and many recognized the role of nutrition in achieving a preferred or healthy body shape. Several women believed their nutritional status (body size) was declining because of their illness. Women were concerned that breast-feeding may increase the progression of HIV, suggesting that international guidelines to promote appropriate infant feeding practices for infants whose mothers are infected with HIV should focus on the mother's health and well-being, as well as the infant's. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. UNC Project, Lilongwe, Malawi. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bentley, ME (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. EM pbentley@unc.edu FU FIC NIH HHS [2D43 TW 01039-06]; NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI 50410]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU 409660-9] NR 12 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 135 IS 4 BP 945 EP 949 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 913KD UT WOS:000228149500053 PM 15795467 ER PT J AU Reh, BD Harney, JM McCleery, RE Mueller, CA AF Reh, BD Harney, JM McCleery, RE Mueller, CA TI Evaluation of the NIOSH MWF total particulate matter: Thoracic particulate matter conversion factor in a machining environment SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE coolants; extractable MWF; machining; metalworking fluids; MWFs; thoracic particulate matter; total particulate matter AB Worker exposures to metalworking fluids were characterized at a plant that produced air compressors. Full-shift, side-by-side air samples (n = 147) were collected and analyzed for total particulate matter, extractable total particulate matter thoracic particulate matter and extractable thoracic particulate matter The thoracic particulate matter geometric mean of 0.32 mg/m(3) was below the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.4 mg/m(3). The total particulate matter geometric mean of 0.52 mg/m(3), however, was above 0.5 mg/m(3), the total particulate matter concentration offered as a surrogate REL in the NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard for Occupational Exposure to Metalworking Fluids.(1) Of the 83 total particulate matter results that were at or above 0.5 mg/m(3), only 50 (60%) of the corresponding thoracic particulate matter results were at or above 0.4 mg/m(3). These data indicated a conversion factor of 1.65 between thoracic particulate matter and total particulate matter concentrations and 1.40 between thoracic extractable particulate matter and total extractable concentrations. These factors were significantly different from the 1.25 used to compare total particulate matter with thoracic particulate matter concentrations in the NIOSH Criteria Document(1) (p < 0.01) and call into question the validity of a universal conversion factor. The authors conclude that thoracic particulate matter exposure assessment should be done directly. In terms of protecting the worker however, the 1.25 conversion factor appeared to be conservative since each time a total particulate matter result was below 0.5 mg/m(3), its paired thoracic particulate matter measurement was below 0.4 mg/m(3). C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP McCleery, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-11, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rmccleery@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD APR PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 239 EP 243 DI 10.1080/15459620590933766 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 922OB UT WOS:000228846200008 PM 15788385 ER PT J AU Malkin, R Hudock, SD Hayden, C Lentz, TJ Topmiller, J Niemeier, RW AF Malkin, R Hudock, SD Hayden, C Lentz, TJ Topmiller, J Niemeier, RW TI An assessment of occupational safety and health hazards in selected small businesses manufacturing wood pallets - Part 1. Noise and physical hazards SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Malkin, R (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD APR PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP D18 EP D21 DI 10.1080/1545620590921499 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 922OB UT WOS:000228846200001 PM 15764543 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Warren, M Sullivan, JS Galland, GG Nace, D Williams, A Williams, T Barnwell, JW AF Collins, WE Warren, M Sullivan, JS Galland, GG Nace, D Williams, A Williams, T Barnwell, JW TI Studies on two strains of Plasmodium cynomolgi in New World and Old World monkeys and mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMIAN MALARIAS; SOUTHEAST ASIA; TRANSMISSION; BIOLOGY AB Infections that cause the Gombak and Smithsonian strains of Plasmodium cynomolgi were induced in Macaca mulatta, Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, Aotus nancymai, and Saimiri boliviensis monkeys. Transmission of the Gombak strain to Aotus spp. monkeys was obtained by the injection of sporozoites dissected from the salivary glands of experimentally infected Anopheles dirus and by the bites of infected An. dirus and Anopheles farauti mosquitoes. Two S. boliviensis monkeys were infected via the injection of sporozoites dissected from An. dirus. Prepatent periods in New World monkeys ranged from 14 to 44 days, with a median of 18 days. The Smithsonian strain was transmitted via sporozoites to I A. lemurinus griseimembra and 9 A. nancymai monkeys. Prepatent periods ranged from 12 to 31 days. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resource Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov FU PHS HHS [936-6001] NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2 BP 280 EP 283 DI 10.1645/GE-3418 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 931OH UT WOS:000229494100007 PM 15986601 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Galland, GG Williams, A Nace, D Williams, T Barnwell, JW AF Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Galland, GG Williams, A Nace, D Williams, T Barnwell, JW TI Observations on the Vietnam Palo Alto strain of Plasmodium vivax in two species of Aotus monkeys SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FALCIPARUM AB Thirty-three splenectomized Aotus lemurinus griseimembra monkeys with no previous experience with malaria were infected with the Vietnam Palo Alto strain of Plasmodium vivax. The median maximum parasite count was 280,000/mu l. Nine splenectomized monkeys with previous infection with Plasmodium falciparum had median maximum parasite counts of 120,000/mu l. Splenectomized Aotus nancymai monkeys supported infections at a lower level. Transmission via the bites of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes was obtained in a splenectomized A. lemurinus griseimembra, with a prepatent period of 31 days. It is estimated that between 1.5 x 10(8) and 1.6 x 10(9) parasites can be removed from an infected animal for molecular or diagnostic antigenic studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anim Resources Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2 BP 461 EP 463 DI 10.1645/GE-3417RN PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 931OH UT WOS:000229494100035 PM 15986626 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JS Bounngaseng, A Stewart, A Sullivan, JJ Galland, GG Henry, F Collins, WE AF Sullivan, JS Bounngaseng, A Stewart, A Sullivan, JJ Galland, GG Henry, F Collins, WE TI Infection of Saimiri boliviensis monkeys with Plasmodium coatneyi SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN CEREBRAL MALARIA; RHESUS-MONKEYS; MACACA-MULATTA; PRIMATE MODEL; EXOERYTHROCYTIC STAGES; SIMIAN MALARIA; AOTUS; TRANSMISSION; INUI; SCIUREUS AB Abundant, apparently normally developing, liver-stage parasites of Plasmodium coatneyi were demonstrated following injection of sporozoites dissected from the salivary glands of Anopheles dirus mosquitoes. Erythrocytic development was not demonstrated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Immunol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. EM wec1@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2 BP 479 EP 481 DI 10.1645/GE-3461RN PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 931OH UT WOS:000229494100043 PM 15986634 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Imperatore, G Cheng, YLJ AF Kahn, HS Imperatore, G Cheng, YLJ TI A population-based comparison of BMI percentiles and waist-to-height ratio for identifying cardiovascular risk in youth SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SIMPLE ANTHROPOMETRIC INDEXES; FOR-DISEASE-CONTROL; FAT DISTRIBUTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; HEART-DISEASE; VISCERAL FAT; US CHILDREN; PREPUBERTAL CHILDREN; METABOLIC SYNDROME AB Objective Determine whether waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) or sex- and age-specific percentiles of body mass index (BMI) better identifies cardiovascular risk. Study design The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111) provided measurements on 7657 participants statistically weighted to represent 50.05 million youth 4 to 17 years of age. We estimated the subpopulations corresponding to BMI strata that were normal (< 85th percentile), at risk for overweight (85th to < 95th percentile), and overweight ( >= 95th percentile). We chose WHtR cutoff points (0.490 and 0.539) so that subpopulation sizes in the three WHtR strata would equal those in the three BMI strata. For 13 cardiovascular risk factors we compared mean levels among youth discordant for their BMI and WHtR strata. Results 726 participants (representing 3.69 million youth) were identified as having WHtR stratum > BMI stratum. Compared with the 603 participants (representing 3.70 million youth) who were discordant in the opposite direction, weighted analyses showed they had higher mean levels of heart rate, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, fasting triglycerides, and total cholesterol (P <.015, adjusted for sex, age, and race-ethnicity). Their mean systolic blood pressure was lower, but this difference was eliminated after adjustment for their shorter stature. Conclusion WHtR, a simpler anthropometric index than sex- and age-specific BMI percentiles, better identifies youth with adverse cardiovascular risk factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), Mail Stop K-10,CDC,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hkahn@cdc.gov OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 46 TC 149 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 9 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 146 IS 4 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.12.028 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 916VJ UT WOS:000228414200009 PM 15812450 ER PT J AU Gugliucci, MR Kazis, L Spiro, A Miller, D Hamed, A Greenlund, K AF Gugliucci, MR Kazis, L Spiro, A Miller, D Hamed, A Greenlund, K TI Developing patient-based measures of health related quality of life (HRQoL) for community surveillance of coronary heart disease and stroke. SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY MAY 11-15, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Geriatr Soc C1 Univ New England, Coll Osteopath Med, Biddeford, ME USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02215 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 SU S BP S163 EP S164 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 917HE UT WOS:000228450900472 ER PT J AU McGuire, LC Ford, ES Ajani, UA AF McGuire, LC Ford, ES Ajani, UA TI Cognitive functioning and late-life transitions in people with diabetes: New findings from LSOA II SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the American-Geriatrics-Society CY MAY 11-15, 2005 CL Orlando, FL SP Amer Geriatr Soc C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 SU S BP S5 EP S5 PG 1 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 917HE UT WOS:000228450900014 ER PT J AU Petersen, LR Marfin, AA AF Petersen, LR Marfin, AA TI Shifting epidemiology of flaviviridae SO JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; YELLOW-FEVER; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; UNITED-STATES; NEW-YORK; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; OUTBREAK; INFECTION AB The dengue, West Nile, Japanese encephalitis and ye I low fever viruses are important mosquito-borne viruses whose epidemiology is shifting in response to changing societal factors, such as increasing commerce, urbanization of rural areas, and population growth. All four viruses are expanding geographically, as exemplified by the emergence of West Nile virus in the Americas and Japanese encephalitis virus in Australasia. The large, recent global outbreaks of severe neurological disease caused by West Nile virus, the increasing frequency of dengue hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in the Americas, and the emergence of yellow fever virus vaccination-associated viscerotropic disease, are new clinical epidemiologic trends. These worrisome epidemiologic trends will probably continue in coming decades, as a reversal of their societal and biological drivers is not in sight. Nevertheless, the substantial reductions in Japanese encephalitis virus incidence resulting from vaccination programs and economic development in some Asian countries provide some encouragement within this overall guarded outlook. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Petersen, LR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foothills Campus,Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 97 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1195-1982 J9 J TRAVEL MED JI J. Travel Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 12 SU 1 BP S3 EP S11 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 918FE UT WOS:000228526900002 PM 16225801 ER PT J AU Nguyen, DC Uyeki, TM Jadhao, S Maines, T Shaw, M Matsuoka, Y Smith, C Rowe, T Lu, XH Hall, H Xu, XY Balish, A Klimov, A Tumpey, TM Swayne, DE Huynh, LPT Nghiem, HK Nguyen, HHT Hoang, LT Cox, NJ Katz, JM AF Nguyen, DC Uyeki, TM Jadhao, S Maines, T Shaw, M Matsuoka, Y Smith, C Rowe, T Lu, XH Hall, H Xu, XY Balish, A Klimov, A Tumpey, TM Swayne, DE Huynh, LPT Nghiem, HK Nguyen, HHT Hoang, LT Cox, NJ Katz, JM TI Isolation and characterization of avian influenza viruses, including highly pathogenic H5N1, from poultry in live bird markets in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2001 SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION; HONG-KONG SAR; A H5N1; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; SOUTHERN CHINA; H9N2 VIRUSES; DUCKS; HUMANS AB Since 1997, outbreaks of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 and circulation of H9N2 viruses among domestic poultry in Asia have posed a threat to public health. To better understand the extent of transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIV) to humans in Asia, we conducted a cross-sectional virologic study in live bird markets (LBM) in Hanoi, Vietnam, in October 2001. Specimens from 189 birds and 18 environmental samples were collected at 10 LBM. Four influenza A viruses of the H4N6 (n = 1), H5N2 (n = 1), and H9N3 (n = 2) subtypes were isolated from healthy ducks for an isolation frequency of over 30 % from this species. Two H5N1 viruses were isolated from healthy geese. The hemagglutinin (HA) genes of these H5N1 viruses possessed multiple basic amino acid motifs at the cleavage site, were HP for experimentally infected chickens, and were thus characterized as HP AIV. These HA genes shared high amino acid identities with genes of other H5NI viruses isolated in Asia during this period, but they were genetically distinct from those of H5N1 viruses isolated from poultry and humans in Vietnam during the early 2004 outbreaks. These viruses were not highly virulent for experimentally infected ducks, mice, or ferrets. These results establish that HP H5NI viruses with properties similar to viruses isolated in Hong Kong and mainland China circulated in Vietnam as early as 2001, suggest a common source for H5N1 viruses circulating in these Asian countries, and provide a framework to better understand the recent widespread emergence of HP H5NI viruses in Asia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, Greece. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, MS-G16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JKatz@cdc.gov NR 67 TC 137 Z9 144 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 7 BP 4201 EP 4212 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.7.4201-4212.2005 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 907UO UT WOS:000227743700030 PM 15767421 ER PT J AU Marissen, WE Kramer, RA Rice, A Weldon, WC Niezgoda, M Faber, M Slootstra, JW Meloen, RH Clijsters-van der Horst, M Visser, TJ Jongeneelen, M Thijsse, S Throsby, M de Kruif, J Rupprecht, CE Dietzschold, B Goudsmit, J Bakker, ABH AF Marissen, WE Kramer, RA Rice, A Weldon, WC Niezgoda, M Faber, M Slootstra, JW Meloen, RH Clijsters-van der Horst, M Visser, TJ Jongeneelen, M Thijsse, S Throsby, M de Kruif, J Rupprecht, CE Dietzschold, B Goudsmit, J Bakker, ABH TI Novel rabies virus-neutralizing epitope recognized by human monoclonal antibody: Fine mapping and escape mutant analysis SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; GLYCOPROTEIN; PATHOGENICITY; DETERMINANT; VIRULENCE; MICE; IGG AB Anti-rabies virus immunoglobulin combined with rabies vaccine protects humans from lethal rabies infections. For cost and safety reasons, replacement of the human or equine polyclonal immunoglobulin is advocated, and the use of rabies virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is recommended. We produced two previously described potent rabies virus-neutralizing human MAbs, CR57 and CRJB, in human PER.C6 cells. The two MAbs competed for binding to rabies virus glycoprotein. Using CR57 and a set of 15-mer overlapping peptides covering the glycoprotein ectodomain, a neutralization domain was identified between amino acids (aa) 218 and 240. The minimal binding region was identified as KLCGVL (aa 226 to 231), with key residues K-CGV- identified by alanine replacement scanning. The critical binding region of this novel nonconformational rabies virus epitope is highly conserved within rabies viruses of genotype 1. Subsequently, we generated six rabies virus variants escaping neutralization by CR57 and six variants escaping CRJB. The CR57 escape mutants were only partially covered by CRJB, and all CRJB-resistant variants completely escaped neutralization by CR57. Without exception, the CR57-resistant variants showed a mutation at key residues within the defined minimal binding region, while the CRJB escape viruses showed a single mutation distant from the CR57 epitope (N182D) combined with mutations in the CR57 epitope. The competition between CR57 and CRJB, the in vitro escape profile, and the apparent overlap between the recognized epitopes argues against including both CR57 and CRJB in a MAb cocktail aimed at replacing classical immunoglobulin preparations. C1 Crucell Holland BV, NL-2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. Pepscan Syst BV, Lelystad, Netherlands. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bakker, ABH (reprint author), Crucell Holland BV, Archimedesweg 4,POB 2048, NL-2301 CA Leiden, Netherlands. EM l.bakker@crucell.com OI Papaneri, Amy/0000-0003-2144-2441 NR 28 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 8 BP 4672 EP 4678 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.8.4672-4678.2005 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 912JJ UT WOS:000228073700012 PM 15795253 ER PT J AU Kinney, RM Huang, CYH Rose, BC Kroeker, AD Dreher, TW Iversen, PL Stein, DA AF Kinney, RM Huang, CYH Rose, BC Kroeker, AD Dreher, TW Iversen, PL Stein, DA TI Inhibition of dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 in Vero cell cultures with morpholino oligomers SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID 3 UNTRANSLATED REGION; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; SECONDARY STRUCTURE; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES; 3'-UNTRANSLATED REGION; CYCLIZATION SEQUENCES; FLAVIVIRUS GENOME; MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY; NONCODING REGION AB Five dengue (DEN) virus-specific R5F2R4 peptide-conjugated phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (P4-PMOs) were evaluated for their ability to inhibit replication of DEN virus serotype 2 (DEN-2 virus) in mammalian cell culture. Initial growth curves of DEN-2 virus 16681 were obtained in Vero cells incubated with 20 mu M P4-PMO compounds. At 6 days after infection, a P4-PMO targeting the 3'-terminal nucleotides of the DEN-2 virus genome and a random-sequence P4-PMO showed relatively little suppression of DEN-2 virus titer (0.1 and 0.9 log(10), respectively). P4-PMOs targeting the AUG translation start site region of the single open reading frame and the 5' cyclization sequence region had moderate activity, generating 1.6- and 1.8-log(10) reductions. Two P4-PMO compounds, 5'SL and 3'CS (targeting the 5'-terminal nucleotides and the 3' cyclization sequence region, respectively), were highly efficacious, each reducing the viral titer by greater than 5.7 log(10) compared to controls at 6 days after infection with DEN-2 virus. Further experiments showed that 5'SL and 3'CS inhibited DEN-2 virus replication in a dose-dependent and sequence-specific manner. Treatment with 10 mu M 3'CS reduced the titers of all four DEN virus serotypes, i.e., DEN-1 (strain 16007), DEN-2 (16681), DEN-3 (16562), and DEN-4 (1036) viruses by over 4 log(10), in most cases to below detectable limits. The extent of 3'CS efficacy was affected by the timing of compound application in relation to viral infection of the cells. The 5'SL and 3'CS P4-PMOs did not suppress the replication of West Nile virus NY99 in Vero cells. These data indicate that further evaluation of the 5'SL and 3'CS compounds as potential DEN virus therapeutics is warranted. C1 AVI BioPharma Inc, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Stein, DA (reprint author), AVI BioPharma Inc, 4575 S-W Res Way, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM steind@avibio.com NR 46 TC 76 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 8 BP 5116 EP 5128 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.8.5116-5128.2005 PG 13 WC Virology SC Virology GA 912JJ UT WOS:000228073700055 PM 15795296 ER PT J AU Basile, KC Lang, KS Bartenfeld, TA Clinton-Sherrod, M AF Basile, KC Lang, KS Bartenfeld, TA Clinton-Sherrod, M TI Evaluability assessment of the rape prevention and education program: Summary of findings and recommendations SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article AB This paper describes an evaluability assessment of CDC's Rape Prevention and Education (RPE) Program conducted to establish a baseline description and understanding of the current activities and goals of the program, revisit and update program performance measures, and identify opportunities for CDC to provide training and technical assistance to states. Data were collected using ( 1) a web-based survey of all state and territory health departments, other government agencies involved in the administration of the program, and sexual assault coalitions, ( 2) in-depth interviews with the same respondents during site visits to a sample of 14 states, and ( 3) focus groups in 5 of these states with local providers. This paper highlights the findings and summarizes recommendations to improve the program. It concludes with examples of steps CDC is taking to implement the recommendations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Basile, KC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Mailstop K60, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kbasile@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 201 EP 207 DI 10.1089/jwh.2005.14.201 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 920XB UT WOS:000228727700001 PM 15857265 ER PT J AU Brown, DR Yore, MM Ham, SA Macera, CA AF Brown, DR Yore, MM Ham, SA Macera, CA TI Physical activity among adults >= 50 yr with and without disabilities, BRFSS 2001 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE exercise; seniors; elderly; older adults; activity limitations ID PUBLIC-HEALTH AB Purpose: Before 2001, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a national survey of health behaviors, assessed only leisure-time physical activity. In 2001, the BRFSS used newly developed physical activity items to evaluate combined leisure-time, household, and transportation activities. Using BRFSS 2001 data, this cross-sectional study describes the prevalence of inactivity and insufficient and recommended physical activity for older adults (i.e., aged >= 50 yr). Methods: BRFSS 2001 data were analyzed using prevalence estimates and logistic regression to assess physical activity patterns among older adults (N = 74,960) stratified by disability status, and select sociodemographic and health status characteristics. Results: A total of 43.4, 39.1, and 17.5% of respondents without disabilities were active at a recommended level, insufficiently active, and inactive, respectively, taking into account nonoccupational physical activities. A total of 28.8% of older adults with disabilities were active at a recommended level, 35.7% insufficiently active, and 35.5% inactive. Among persons with and without disabilities, groups with the highest odds of inactivity and insufficient activity were women, persons aged >= 75 yr, blacks, persons with lower education levels and low incomes, and those who were obese. Conclusions: Not all persons with disabilities can be active at recommended levels, but it is possible for the vast majority to do some types of physical activity, even if at insufficient levels. Thus, it may be possible for the prevalence of inactivity among persons with and without disabilities to be similar. This was not found. At the start of the new millennium, almost 60% of older adults without disabilities and 70% with disabilities were not obtaining a recommended amount of combined leisure-time, transportation, and household physical activity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, San Diego, CA USA. RP Brown, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, MS K-46,4770 Buford Hwy,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM DBrown@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 4 BP 620 EP 629 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000158189.17546.ED PG 10 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 913QC UT WOS:000228166900014 PM 15809561 ER PT J AU Vitral, CL Pinto, MA Lewis-Ximenez, LL Khudyakov, YE dos Santos, DR Gaspar, AMC AF Vitral, CL Pinto, MA Lewis-Ximenez, LL Khudyakov, YE dos Santos, DR Gaspar, AMC TI Serological evidence of hepatitis E virus infection in different animal species from the Southeast of Brazil SO MEMORIAS DO INSTITUTO OSWALDO CRUZ LA English DT Article DE anti-hepatitis E virus; animal reservoir; swine; Brazil ID UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-DONORS; RISK-FACTORS; ANTI-HEV; SWINE; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; PIGS; STRAINS; SEROREACTIVITY AB Serological evidence of hepatitis E virus infection (HEV) has been observed in both humans and different animal species living in non-endemic areas, suggesting that animals could be important reservoir for virus transmission to man. Antibodies to HEV have been detected in some Brazilian population groups. Nevertheless, sporadic cases of acute HEV infection have never been reported We collected 271 serum samples from several domestic animals and also from pig handlers from Southeast of Brazil in order to investigate the seroprevalence of HEV infection. AntiHEVIgG was detected in cows (1.42%), dogs (6.97%), chickens (20%), swines (24.3%), and rodents (50%), as well as in pig handlers (6.3%). The recognition of swine HEV infections in pigs in many countries of the world led us to investigate a larger sample of pigs (n = 357)from the same Brazilian region with ages ranging from 1 to > 25 weeks. IgG anti-HE V was detected in 100% of 7-day old pigs. Following a gradual decline between weeks 2 and 8 (probably due to loss of maternal IgG), the prevalence then steady increased until it reached 97.3% of animals older than 25 weeks. Besides the detection of anti-REV antibodies in different animal species, the results showed that swine HEV infection seems to be almost universal within this Brazilian pig population. This is the first report that shows evidences of HE V circulation in Brazilian animal species and pig handlers. C1 UFF, Inst Biomed, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Virol, BR-21040900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Res & Reference Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vitral, CL (reprint author), UFF, Inst Biomed, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. EM clvitral@ioc.fiocruz.br NR 40 TC 60 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU FUNDACO OSWALDO CRUZ PI RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ PA AV BRASIL 4365, 21045-900 RIO DE JANEIRO, RJ, BRAZIL SN 0074-0276 J9 MEM I OSWALDO CRUZ JI Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz PD APR PY 2005 VL 100 IS 2 BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1590/S0074-02762005000200003 PG 6 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 920WP UT WOS:000228726500003 PM 16021297 ER PT J AU Li, RW Scanlon, KS Serdula, MK AF Li, RW Scanlon, KS Serdula, MK TI The validity and reliability of maternal recall of breastfeeding practice SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE breastfeeding; maternal recall; reliability; validity ID DURATION; ACCURACY; PATTERNS; MOTHERS; EVENTS; BIRTH; MILK AB In large epidemiologic studies, information on breastfeeding practice is often collected from maternal recall through interviews, but there is concern about the accuracy of the data, especially when mothers are asked to recall their practices from many years earlier. This review examines the validity and reliability of maternal recall of breastfeeding history using 11 studies published between 1966 and 2003 in English with a sample of 10 or more. Validity is the degree to which recall compares with a validation standard or reference, and reliability refers to the degree to which the breastfeeding practices obtained by recall are repeatable over time. The existing studies suggest that maternal recall is a valid and reliable estimate of breastfeeding initiation and duration, especially when the duration of breastfeeding is recalled after a short period (<= 3 years). Validity and reliability of maternal recall for the age at introduction of food and fluids other than breast milk are less satisfactory. Further and more extensive studies on maternal recall of breastfeeding history and ways to improve such recall are warranted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Chron Dis Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Chron Dis Prevent Branch, Mailstop K-25 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM RIL6@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 229 Z9 236 U1 0 U2 11 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST NORTH AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA ONE THOMAS CIRCLE, N W, 9TH FLOOR, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 63 IS 4 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00128.x PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 912ZL UT WOS:000228119100001 PM 15869124 ER PT J AU Peck, AJ Holman, RC Curns, AT Lingappa, JR Cheek, JE Singleton, RJ Carver, K Anderson, LJ AF Peck, AJ Holman, RC Curns, AT Lingappa, JR Cheek, JE Singleton, RJ Carver, K Anderson, LJ TI Lower respiratory tract infections among American Indian and Alaska native children and the general population of US children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 01-04, 2004 CL San Francisco, CA SP Pediat Acad Soc DE lower respiratory tract infections; bronchiolitis; pneumonia; American Indian; Alaska Native; hospitalizations; outpatient visits; epidemiology ID SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; BRONCHIOLITIS-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; INFANTS; ILLNESS; BRONCHIECTASIS; PALIVIZUMAB; EFFICACY; DISEASE; CARE AB Background and Objective: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) cause substantial childhood morbidity. This study characterizes and compares LRTI-associated morbidity among American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) children and the general population of U.S. children. Methods: Hospitalization and outpatient records with a diagnosis indicating LRTIs were evaluated for children aged younger than 5 years during 1990-2001. Results: For 1999-2001, the LRTI-associated hospitalization rate was significantly higher for AI/AN children than for U.S. children (116.1 versus 63.2/1000, respectively), with the disparity being greater for infants than for 1- to 4-year-old children. Also the rate of LRTI-associated outpatient visits among AI/AN infants was higher than that for all U.S. infants (737.7 versus 207.2/1000, respectively). LRTI hospitalization and outpatient visit rates were highest in the Alaska and Southwest Indian Health Service regions. During 1990-2001, the LRTI hospitalization rate among AI/AN infants in the Alaska region and among the general U.S. infant population increased. Bronchiolitis-associated hospitalization rates increased for AI/AN and U.S. infants, whereas the pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate decreased among AI/AN infants and remained stable among U.S. infants. Conclusions: LRTIs continue to be an important cause of morbidity in children, especially among AI/AN infants in the Alaska and Southwest regions. Strategies to reduce LRTI hospitalizations and outpatient visits are warranted for all infants, but the greatest potential impact would be among AI/AN infants. C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Resp & Enteric Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Off Publ Hlth Support, Div Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Artic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Off Publ Hlth Support, Div Program Stat, Rockville, MD USA. RP Peck, AJ (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Resp & Enteric Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 61 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 342 EP 351 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000157250.95880.91 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 918RU UT WOS:000228566100009 PM 15818295 ER PT J AU Ragazzi, SLB Vaz-De-Lima, LRD Rota, P Bellini, WJ Gilio, AE Vaz, FAC Durigon, EL AF Ragazzi, SLB Vaz-De-Lima, LRD Rota, P Bellini, WJ Gilio, AE Vaz, FAC Durigon, EL TI Congenital and neonatal measles during an epidemic in Sao Paulo, Brazil in 1997 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE congenital measles; neonatal measles; epidemic; Brazil ID INFECTION; PREGNANCY; VIRUS AB During a measles outbreak, 2 mothers with measles gave birth at University Hospital in Sao Paulo City, Brazil. Blood, saliva and urine were collected from the mothers and newborns. Measles virus genome and IgM antibodies against measles were detected. In 1 infant, measles virus genome persisted in peripheral blood mononuclear cells for 157 days after birth. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Microbiol, ICB 2, Inst Biomed Sci, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Univ Hosp, Div Pediat, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Immunol Sect, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Measles Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Durigon, EL (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Microbiol, ICB 2, Inst Biomed Sci, Avenida Prof Lineu Prestes 1374, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM eldurigo@usp.br RI Gilio, Alfredo/A-8819-2010; Gilio, Alfredo/J-4229-2014 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 377 EP 378 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 918RU UT WOS:000228566100016 ER PT J AU Marin, M Nguyen, HQ Keen, J Jumaan, AO Mellen, PM Hayes, EB Gensheimer, KF Gunderman-King, J Seward, JF AF Marin, M Nguyen, HQ Keen, J Jumaan, AO Mellen, PM Hayes, EB Gensheimer, KF Gunderman-King, J Seward, JF TI Importance of catch-up vaccination: Experience from a varicella outbreak, Maine, 2002-2003 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE varicella; breakthrough varicella; vaccine; catch-up vaccination; school requirements; vaccine effectiveness; vaccine failure; chickenpox ID UNITED-STATES; CARE-CENTER; IMMUNIZATION; POSTLICENSURE; PERSISTENCE; CHICKENPOX; LICENSURE; EFFICACY; SCHOOL AB Objective. During December 2002 to January 2003, a varicella outbreak occurred in an elementary school in Maine. Just 1 month before detecting the outbreak, Maine implemented varicella vaccine requirements for child care but did not require vaccination for school entry. We investigated this outbreak to examine reasons for its occurrence, including vaccine failure. Methods. A self-administered questionnaire was sent to all students' parents to determine student disease status, medical conditions, and vaccination status, which was further confirmed by review of medical records. Parental reporting of chickenpox/varicella that occurred since September 1, 2002, in a student who attended the school was used to define a case. Parents of cases were interviewed by telephone about disease characteristics. Disease severity was classified on the basis of the number of skin lesions and the occurrence of complications. Vaccine effectiveness was calculated by comparing varicella attack rates for any disease, for moderate to severe disease, and for severe disease among vaccinated and unvaccinated students. Results. We obtained complete information for 296 (81%) of 364 students. Varicella vaccine coverage was 74% overall and decreased by grade, from 90% in kindergarten to 60% in third grade. Attack rates increased significantly from 14% in kindergarten to 37% in third grade. Of the 53 varicella cases, 36 (68%) were unvaccinated, 12 (22%) were vaccinated, and 5 (10%) had previous disease history. Vaccine effectiveness was 89% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 79 - 94%) against disease of any severity, 96% ( 95% CI: 88 - 99%) against moderate to severe disease, and 100% ( 95% CI: undefined) against severe disease. Twenty-two percent of unvaccinated students had severe disease and 1 was hospitalized for a skin infection, whereas none of the vaccinated cases reported severe disease. Conclusion. This outbreak was attributable primarily to failure to vaccinate, especially among children in grades 1 through 3. Catch-up vaccination of susceptible older children and adolescents is especially important to prevent accumulation of susceptibility in these groups, in which the natural disease is more severe. School entry requirements will contribute to a more rapid implementation of the existing recommendations for vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Maine Bur Hlth, Augusta, ME USA. RP Marin, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmarin@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 29 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2005 VL 115 IS 4 BP 900 EP 905 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1162 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 912VL UT WOS:000228107900030 PM 15805362 ER PT J AU Jones, K Tomar, SL AF Jones, K Tomar, SL TI Estimated impact of competing policy recommendations for age of first dental visit SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE delivery of dental care; dental health services; dental care for children; dentist's practice patterns; dental economics; health policy; pediatrics; dental caries ID CHILDRENS ORAL-HEALTH; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CARIES; CARE; PARTICIPATION; ACCESS AB Objective. To compare levels of dental utilization and untreated dental decay among children aged 1 to 3 years that are likely to occur under 2 potential guidance policies: ( 1) pediatricians refer all toddlers to dentists for screening ( consistent with American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry and the American Dental Association recommendations; DENT), and ( 2) pediatricians receive training in caries risk assessment, screen toddlers, and refer at-risk children to dentists ( consistent with American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations; PED). Methods. Using decision analysis, we estimated the impact of PED and DENT assuming alternately unlimited dental capacity for Medicaid-insured patients and fixed Medicaid dental capacity. Results With unlimited capacity, if DENT were implemented, then dental utilization is estimated to increase from 27% under the status quo to 65% and untreated decay to decrease from a mean of 0.60 surfaces to 0.52 surfaces per child. If PED were implemented, then dental utilization and untreated decay would decrease from status quo levels to an estimated 11% and 0.47 surfaces, respectively, assuming that diagnostic sensitivity and specificity both equaled 1; they would decrease to 13% and 0.53 surfaces, respectively, if sensitivity equaled 0.76 and specificity equaled 0.95. With fixed capacity, under DENT, untreated decay is estimated to increase to 0.63 surfaces because low-risk private-pay patients would crowd out at-risk Medicaid-insured children, whereas under PED, untreated decay would still be less than under the status quo. Conclusions. Implementing PED will decrease untreated decay under most plausible scenarios, whereas switching to DENT will increase the burden of disease if Medicaid dental capacity is limited. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Private Partnerships, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Dent, Div Publ Hlth Serv & Res, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Georgia, Terry Coll Business, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jones, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Private Partnerships, Natl Ctr Hlth Mkt, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-39, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kjones5@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2005 VL 115 IS 4 BP 906 EP 914 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1687 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 912VL UT WOS:000228107900031 PM 15805363 ER PT J AU Paulose-Ram, R Hirsch, R Dillon, C Gu, QP AF Paulose-Ram, R Hirsch, R Dillon, C Gu, QP TI Frequent monthly use of selected non-prescription and prescription non-narcotic analgesics among US adults SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE analgesics; NSAIDs; aspirin; acetaminophen; NHANES; drug utilization; survey; prevalence ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; PEPTIC-ULCER DISEASE; ELDERLY PERSONS; UNITED-STATES; RISK; ASPIRIN; ACETAMINOPHEN; ASSOCIATION; HEALTH; METAANALYSIS AB Purpose Analgesics offer many benefits, however, chronic, long-term use may pose risks of adverse drug events. The objective of this study was to estimate frequent monthly non-narcotic analgesic use among U.S. adults, identifying socio-demographic trends and potentially at-risk groups. Methods Analysis of adult medication use data from the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey household interview (n = 4880). Results Some 20% of U.S. adults used non-prescription or prescription non-narcotic analgesics on a frequent basis, that is nearly every day for a month, at some point during their lifetime. Also, 14% of U.S. adults were currently using analgesics frequently. Aspirin was most commonly used (8%), followed by non-aspirin non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NANSAID, 3%) and acetaminophen (3%). Three-quarters of aspirin, 46% of NANSAID and 63% of acetaminophen users were long-term frequent monthly users (1+ years). Seven percent of frequent monthly analgesic users reported using two or more analgesics nearly every day during the month. Frequent analgesic use was most common among older adults and non-Hispanic whites with no differences by gender or education. Use patterns, however, varied by analgesic subgroups. Conclusions Frequent monthly non-narcotic analgesic use, especially of over-the-counter analgesics, is widely prevalent among U.S. adults. Health-care providers should heighten their awareness of this trend, and routinely monitor both non-prescription and prescription analgesic use in their patients to prevent adverse drug effects and inappropriate use. Copyright (c) 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Paulose-Ram, R (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 4333, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM RPaulose@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY PERIODICALS, INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA ONE MONTGOMERY ST, SUITE 1200, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94104 USA SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 4 BP 257 EP 266 DI 10.1002/pds.983 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 916QU UT WOS:000228401500005 PM 15386703 ER PT J AU Garner, P Graves, PM AF Garner, P Graves, PM TI The benefits of artemisinin combination therapy for malaria extend beyond the individual patient SO PLOS MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID RESISTANCE C1 Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Garner, P (reprint author), Univ Liverpool Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. EM pgarner@liv.ac.uk RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014; OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901; Garner, Paul/0000-0002-0607-6941 NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1549-1277 J9 PLOS MED JI PLos Med. PD APR PY 2005 VL 2 IS 4 BP 287 EP 288 AR e105 DI 10.1371/journal.pmed.0020105 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 926ZX UT WOS:000229163300006 PM 15839750 ER PT J AU Nelder, MP Reeves, WK Korecki, JA Durden, LA AF Nelder, MP Reeves, WK Korecki, JA Durden, LA TI Fleas of the genus Ceratophyllus (Siphonaptera : Ceratophyllidae) in the southeastern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Nelder, MP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Plant Soil & Entomol Sci, 114 Long Hall,Box 340315, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. EM mnelder@clemson.edu NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION DEPT ENTOMOLOGY, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0013-8797 J9 P ENTOMOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. PD APR PY 2005 VL 107 IS 2 BP 471 EP 473 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 915CL UT WOS:000228275100029 ER PT J AU Perez-Guerra, CL Seda, H Garcia-Rivera, EJ Clark, GG AF Perez-Guerra, CL Seda, H Garcia-Rivera, EJ Clark, GG TI Knowledge and attitudes in Puerto Rico concerning dengue prevention SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article DE dengue; health education; Aedes; health knowledge; attitudes; practice; mosquito control; mass media; Puerto Rico ID AEDES-AEGYPTI; COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION; INTERVENTION; INFESTATION; INVOLVEMENT; WASHBASINS; PROGRAMS; IMPACT AB Objective. Dengue has been endemic in Puerto Rico for three decades. Multiple educational and community-based efforts have been developed to inform the population about dengue prevention. We undertook this study to understand the community members' knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to dengue prevention and to elicit their ideas for future prevention campaigns. Methods. A qualitative study based on grounded theory analysis was conducted between February and May of 2001. The study involved a total of 34 participants in four group interviews who had been identified through the Puerto Rico dengue surveillance system. Results. In general, participants had correct knowledge about dengue prevention, but they did not associate the mosquitoes inside their houses with Aedes aegypti. Participants insisted that "neighbors" needed to control larval habitats, and the participants also asked the Government to fumigate. Conclusions. The patterns of knowledge and opinion that emerged in the discussions can be arranged along an axis going from high levels of correct knowledge to low levels of correct knowledge about dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever and related practices. There were few participants at either extreme. Three themes explained these patterns: misconceptions about dengue (based on previously delivered information), the "invisibility" of dengue (as compared to other diseases), and responsibility (individual and Government). Four strategies for preventive behaviors were recommended: developing community groups to identify community priorities on prevention, developing volunteer groups to deliver prevention messages, making house visits to demonstrate specific control measures, and conducting a complementary media campaign to support these strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Perez-Guerra, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM cnp8@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 27 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 5 PU PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD APR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 4 BP 243 EP 253 DI 10.1590/S1020-49892005000400005 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 925PJ UT WOS:000229064700005 PM 15969976 ER PT J AU Rigau-Perez, JG Clark, GG AF Rigau-Perez, JG Clark, GG TI How to respond to a dengue epidemic: overview and experience in Puerto Rico SO REVISTA PANAMERICANA DE SALUD PUBLICA-PAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA Spanish DT Article DE dengue; disease outbreaks; epidemiologic surveillance ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; AEDES-AEGYPTI; OUTBREAK AB Dengue, a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, is endemic and frequently epidemic in many tropical countries. Because low-incidence periods vary in length, it is difficult to know in advance when an epidemic will occur. Response efforts, despite being logical, have been counter-productive at times. Furthermore, experience has demonstrated that dengue epidemics last a long time, making it important that government control efforts be sustainable while they last. This article describes priority activities requiring attention in order to minimize the impact of dengue epidemics. Such activities, which in many cases can be adapted to combat other types of epidemics as well, are as follows: (1) establishment Of an inter-sectoral action committee, (2) formalization of an emergency action plan, (3) epidemiologic surveillance, (4) diagnostic laboratory testing, (5) mosquito control, (6) protection of sources of employment and special populations, (7) patient care, (8) education of medical personnel, (9) research, and (10) transparency before the mass media. The best way to reduce the ravaging effects of dengue epidemics is to anticipate their emergence so that infection can be prevented and steps can be taken to protect the ill. Relying on improvisation to solve all the problems that arise in moments of crisis is inefficient and reckless. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. RP Clark, GG (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. EM ggcl@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI WASHINGTON PA 525 23RD ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20037 USA SN 1020-4989 J9 REV PANAM SALUD PUBL JI Rev. Panam. Salud Publica PD APR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 4 BP 282 EP 293 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 925PJ UT WOS:000229064700009 PM 15969980 ER PT J AU Bailer, AJ Noble, RB Wheeler, MW AF Bailer, AJ Noble, RB Wheeler, MW TI Model uncertainty and risk estimation for experimental studies of quantal responses SO RISK ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE Bayesian model averaging; benchmark doses; quantal multistage models; unit cancer risk ID BAYES FACTORS; HYPOTHESES; INFERENCE; SELECTION AB Experimental animal studies often serve as the basis for predicting risk of adverse responses in humans exposed to occupational hazards. A statistical model is applied to exposure-response data and this fitted model may be used to obtain estimates of the exposure associated with a specified level of adverse response. Unfortunately, a number of different statistical models are candidates for fitting the data and may result in wide ranging estimates of risk. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) offers a strategy for addressing uncertainty in the selection of statistical models when generating risk estimates. This strategy is illustrated with two examples: applying the multistage model to cancer responses and a second example where different quantal models are fit to kidney lesion data. BMA provides excess risk estimates or benchmark dose estimates that reflects model uncertainty. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45224 USA. RP Bailer, AJ (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM baileraj@muohio.edu NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHERS PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN STREET, STE 6, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0272-4332 J9 RISK ANAL JI Risk Anal. PD APR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 291 EP 299 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 922UY UT WOS:000228866600007 PM 15876205 ER PT J AU Rudy, ET Mahoney-Anderson, PJ Loughlin, AM Metsch, LR Kerndt, PR Gaul, Z Del Rio, C AF Rudy, ET Mahoney-Anderson, PJ Loughlin, AM Metsch, LR Kerndt, PR Gaul, Z Del Rio, C TI Perceptions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing services among HIV-positive persons not in medical care SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CASE-MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; PERSPECTIVES; STRATEGIES; DIAGNOSIS; CLIENTS; INITIATION; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM AB Background and Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling, testing, and referral (CTR) are provided in a wide variety of settings. Goal: To compare, by test setting, the perceptions of the testing experience among HIV-positive persons who were not receiving medical care. Design: A baseline questionnaire was administered at enrollment into the Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study by the use of audio computer-assisted self-interview. Results: Of 316 respondents, 27% reported that the counselor did not spend enough time with them and 22% that the counselor did not answer all questions. The odds were higher that persons in the following settings, compared with those at HIV test sites, would report that the counselor did not spend enough time with them: office of private physician or health maintenance organization (HMO) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-21.7), jail (AOR, 5.10; 95% CI, 1.06-24.6), and emergency room (ER) or hospital overnight visit (AOR, 2.93; 95% CI, 1.15-7.44). Similarly, the odds were higher that persons in the following settings compared with those at HIV test sites would report that the counselor did not answer all questions: office of private physician or HMO (AOR, 9.62; 95% CI, 2.22-41.7), jail (AOR, 7.87; 95% CI, 1.50-41.4), and ER or hospital overnight visit (AOR, 3.32; 95% CI, 1.11-9.90). Conclusion: Further training and quality assurance in HIV CTR may be needed in some test settings. C1 Los Angeles Hlth Dept, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Boston Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Miami, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rudy, ET (reprint author), Los Angeles Hlth Dept, Sexually Transmitted Dis Program, 2615 S Grand Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA. EM erudy@dhs.co.la.ca.us RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 FU AHRQ HHS [T32 HS00046] NR 48 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 4 BP 207 EP 213 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000156132.19021.ba PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 910FB UT WOS:000227914800001 PM 15788917 ER PT J AU De Ravello, L Brantley, MD Lamarre, M Qayad, MG Aubert, H Beck-Sague, C AF De Ravello, L Brantley, MD Lamarre, M Qayad, MG Aubert, H Beck-Sague, C TI Sexually transmitted infections and other health conditions of women entering prison in Georgia, 1998-1999 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; TESTS; JAILS AB Objectives: To assess health needs of women entering the Georgia prison system, prevalence of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections was estimated. Study: Results of admission screening tests of women entering the Georgia prison system in 1998 to 1999 were abstracted retrospectively from prison records. Results: Of 3636 women whose data were abstracted from prison records, 4.3% were pregnant and 8.2%, 4.0%, 5.9%, and 0.7%, respectively, had positive screening tests for trichomoniasis, HIV, chlamydia, and gonorrhea; 19.5% had at least 1 of those conditions. HIV prevalence was higher among inmates who were black or had a rapid plasma reagin test for syphilis reactive at >= 1:8 dilutions (6.0%, 15.8%, respectively) than others (1.3%, 3.7%; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Inmates in this study had high rates of sexually transmitted infections and many were pregnant. Black inmates were at higher risk for HIV and high rapid plasma reagin titers than white inmates or other routinely tested Georgia female populations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia Dept Correct, Off Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Epidemiol Branch, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP De Ravello, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lderavello@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 4 BP 247 EP 251 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000158494.38034.b5 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 910FB UT WOS:000227914800009 PM 15788925 ER PT J AU Kahn, RH Mosure, DJ Blank, S Kent, CK Chow, JM Boudov, MR Brock, J Tulloch, S AF Kahn, RH Mosure, DJ Blank, S Kent, CK Chow, JM Boudov, MR Brock, J Tulloch, S CA Jail STD Prevalence Monitoring Pro TI Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae prevalence and coinfection in adolescents entering selected US juvenile detention centers, 1997-2002 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INCARCERATED ADOLESCENTS; INFECTION; YOUTH; WOMEN; STDS AB Background: Juvenile detention centers offer public health practitioners an opportunity to gain access to large numbers of adolescents at risk for chlamydia and gonorrhea. Goal: To describe the prevalence and coinfection of chlamydia and gonorrhea among adolescents in 14 US juvenile detention centers from 1997 to 2002. Study: We calculated the prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhea in males and females, stratified by race/ethnicity, age group, and site. We also calculated the proportion of adolescents with chlamydia that were coinfected with gonorrhea and the proportion of those with gonorrhea that were coinfected with chlamydia. Results: The prevalence of chlamydia was 15.6% in 33,619 females and 5.9% in 98,296 males; gonorrhea prevalence was 5.1% in females and 1.3% in males. Of females with gonorrhea, 54% were coinfected with chlamydia, and 51% of males with gonorrhea were coinfected with chlamydia. Conclusions: Chlamydia and gonorrhea prevalence was very high in females in all project sites. In males, chlamydia prevalence was high in some areas; however, gonorrhea prevalence was substantially lower. These prevalence data justify screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea among female adolescents in juvenile detention centers nationally. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Kahn, RH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhk0@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 4 BP 255 EP 259 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000158496.00315.04 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 910FB UT WOS:000227914800011 PM 15788927 ER PT J AU Chambers, DA Pearson, JL Lubell, K Brandon, S O'Brien, K Zinn, J AF Chambers, DA Pearson, JL Lubell, K Brandon, S O'Brien, K Zinn, J TI The science of public messages for suicide prevention: A workshop summary SO SUICIDE AND LIFE-THREATENING BEHAVIOR LA English DT Editorial Material ID HELP-SEEKING; RISK AB There is minimal guidance for efforts to create effective public messages that increase awareness that suicide is preventable. To address this need, several agencies in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Annenberg Foundation convened a workshop consisting of suicide prevention advocates and persons with expertise in public health evaluation, suicide contagion, decision-making, and marketing. "Logic models" were used to define intended messages and audiences, assumed mechanisms of change, and outcomes. This summary describes some of the challenges and opportunities identified by workshop participants in evaluating public awareness campaigns in suicide prevention, technical assistance needs, and a proposed research agenda. C1 NIMH, Disseminat & Implement Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chambers, DA (reprint author), NIMH, Disseminat & Implement Program, 6001 Execut Blvd,Rm 7133,MSC 9631, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dchamber@mail.nih.gov NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0363-0234 J9 SUICIDE LIFE-THREAT JI Suicide Life-Threat. Behav. PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 134 EP 145 DI 10.1521/suli.35.2.134.62871 PG 12 WC Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychiatry; Psychology GA 924AD UT WOS:000228949900003 PM 15843331 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, A Kondo, AT Visvesvara, GS Fernandez, A Paiva, EF Mauad, T Dolhnikoff, M Martins, MA AF Lichtenstein, A Kondo, AT Visvesvara, GS Fernandez, A Paiva, EF Mauad, T Dolhnikoff, M Martins, MA TI Pulmonary amoebiasis presenting as superior vena cava syndrome SO THORAX LA English DT Article AB Pulmonary amoebiasis without liver involvement occurs sporadically as a result of haematogenous spread from a primary site, the colon. The case history is presented of a patient who developed superior vena cava syndrome due to a pulmonary amoebic abscess without liver involvement. He was initially suspected of having a neoplasm but a combination of tests including histological examination of the HPE stained excised tissue, immunofluorescence using anti- Entamoeba histolytica antibodies, and serology confirmed the diagnosis of amoebiasis. To our knowledge this is the first description of pulmonary amoebiasis presenting as superior vena cava syndrome. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, Fac Med, Sch Med, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Thorac Surg, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Mauad, T (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Pathol, Fac Med, Sch Med, Av Dr Arnaldo 455 1st Floor, BR-01246903 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM tmauad@usp.br RI Martins, Milton/D-6658-2012; Mauad, Thais/G-1254-2012; Kondo, Andrea/N-5042-2014 OI Kondo, Andrea/0000-0002-4228-8503 NR 12 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0040-6376 J9 THORAX JI Thorax PD APR PY 2005 VL 60 IS 4 BP 350 EP 352 DI 10.1136/thx.2004.021014 PG 3 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 909ZZ UT WOS:000227900500016 PM 15790993 ER PT J AU Tobler, LH Bianco, C Glynn, SA Schreiber, GB Dille, BJ Prince, HE Lanciotti, RS Linnen, JM Gallarda, J Shyamala, V Smith, D Kleinman, SH Busch, MP AF Tobler, LH Bianco, C Glynn, SA Schreiber, GB Dille, BJ Prince, HE Lanciotti, RS Linnen, JM Gallarda, J Shyamala, V Smith, D Kleinman, SH Busch, MP CA REDS Study Grp TI Detection of West Nile virus RNA and antibody in frozen plasma components from a voluntary market withdrawal during the 2002 peak epidemic SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; UNITED-STATES; ASSAY; TRANSFUSION; INFECTION; PROBES AB BACKGROUND: The US West Nile virus (WNV) epidemic in the summer and fall of 2002 included the first documented cases of transfusion-transmitted WNV infection. In December 2002, the FDA supported a voluntary market withdrawal by the blood banking community of frozen blood components collected in WNV high-activity areas. At the time, the prevalence of viremia and serologic markers for WNV in the blood supply was undefined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In collaboration with America's Blood Centers, 1468 frozen plasma components (of approx. 60,000 frozen units voluntarily withdrawn from the market) were selectively retrieved from the peak epidemic regions and season (June 23, 2002-September 28, 2002). These units were unlinked, subaliquoted, and tested by WNV enzyme immunoassays (EIAs; Focus Technologies and Abbott Laboratories) and nucleic acid amplification tests (NATs; Gen-Probe Inc. and Roche Molecular Systems). RESULTS: Of the 1468 EIA results from Abbott and Focus, 7 were anti-immunoglobulin M (IgM)- and anti-immunoglobulin G (IgG)-reactive by both assays, 8 and 1 were IgM-only-reactive, and 8 and 23 were IgG-only-reactive, respectively. NAT by Gen-Probe and Roche Molecular Systems yielded one RNA-positive, antibody-negative unit containing approximately 440 RNA copies per mL. An additional 10-fold replicate NAT testing by Gen-Probe on 14 of 15 IgM-reactive specimens yielded 2 additional IgM- and IgG-reactive units with low-level viremia (i.e., 7/10 and 2/10 replicates tested reactive). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of acute (RNA-positive) and recent (IgM-seroreactive) WNV infections indicates that transfusion risk in high-risk areas could have been considerable and that voluntary market withdrawal of frozen components likely averted some WNV transfusion transmissions. The existence of very-low-level viremic units raises concerns, because WNV minipool NAT screening will miss such units and individual NAT may not completely correct this situation. C1 Blood Syst Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. Focus Technol, Cypress, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Roche Mol Syst, Pleasanton, CA USA. Chiron Corp, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Tobler, LH (reprint author), Blood Syst Res Inst, 270 Mason Ave, San Francisco, CA 94118 USA. EM ltobler@bloodsystems.org FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HB-97080, N01-HB-97077, N01-HB-47114, N01-HB-97082, N01-HB-97078, N01-HB-97081, N01-HB-97079] NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 480 EP 486 DI 10.1111/j.0041-1132.2005.04266.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 908GV UT WOS:000227776400006 PM 15819666 ER PT J AU Dollard, SC Nelson, KE Ness, PM Stambolis, V Kuehnert, MJ Pellett, PE Cannon, MJ AF Dollard, SC Nelson, KE Ness, PM Stambolis, V Kuehnert, MJ Pellett, PE Cannon, MJ TI Possible transmission of human herpesvirus-8 by blood transfusion in a historical United States cohort SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; RISK-FACTORS; DRUG-USERS; SEROPREVALENCE; MULTICENTER; UGANDA; DONORS; ASSAYS; WOMEN AB BACKGROUND: Transmission of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) by blood transfusion in the United States appears plausible but has not been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to evaluate evidence of HHV-8 transmission via blood transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Serum specimens were collected before and 6 months after surgery from 406 patients who enrolled in the Frequency of Agents Communicable by Transfusion study (FACTS) in Baltimore, Maryland, from 1986 to 1990. The change in HHV-8 serostatus was measured by a lytic-antigen immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS: Of the 284 patients who were initially HHV-8 seronegative and who received transfusions, 2 seroconverted, 1 with a postsurgery antibody titer of 1: 160 and the other with a titer of 1: 1280. These patients received 12 and 13 units of blood, respectively. None of the HHV-8-seronegative patients who did not receive transfusions seroconverted. If seroconversion was caused by transfused blood, the transmission risk per transfused component was 0.082 percent. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report suggesting transmission of HHV-8 via blood components in the United States. Because linked donor specimens were not available, other routes of transmission cannot be excluded; however, the evidence is consistent with infection being caused by transfusion. Future studies should include contemporary US populations with linked donor specimens and populations at higher risk for HHV-8 infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Dollard, SC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgd5@cdc.gov RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 19 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 4 BP 500 EP 503 DI 10.1111/j.0041-1132.2005.04334.x PG 4 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 908GV UT WOS:000227776400009 PM 15819669 ER PT J AU Biron, DG Moura, H Marche, L Hughes, AL Thomas, F AF Biron, DG Moura, H Marche, L Hughes, AL Thomas, F TI Towards a new conceptual approach to 'parasitoproteomics' SO TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PROTEOMIC ANALYSIS; 2-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROPHORESIS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN MICROARRAYS; INNATE IMMUNITY; DROSOPHILA; TECHNOLOGY; INFECTION; GENOME AB Many parasitologists are betting heavily on proteomic studies to explain biochemical host-parasite interactions and, thus, to contribute to disease control. However, many 'parasitoproteomic' studies are performed with powerful techniques but without a conceptual approach to determine whether the host genomic responses during a parasite infection represent a nonspecific response that might be induced by any parasite or any other stress. In this article, a new conceptual approach, based on evolutionary concepts of immune responses of a host to a parasite, is suggested for parasitologists; to study the host proteome reaction after parasite invasion. Also, this new conceptual approach can be used to study other host-parasite interactions such as behavioral manipulation. C1 CNRS, IRD, GEMI, UMR 2724, F-34394 Montpellier, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. INRA, UMR Bio3P, F-35653 Le Rheu, France. Univ S Carolina, Coll Sci & Math, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Biron, DG (reprint author), CNRS, IRD, GEMI, UMR 2724, 911 Ave Agropolis BP 64501, F-34394 Montpellier, France. EM biron@mpl.ird.fr RI marche, laurent/J-6360-2012; OI Marche, Laurent/0000-0003-4666-5027 NR 49 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4922 J9 TRENDS PARASITOL JI Trends Parasitol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 4 BP 162 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.pt.2005.02.009 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 915GQ UT WOS:000228286500005 PM 15780837 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Benson, JE Blakeley, KT Bootond, GC Visvesvara, GS AF Dubey, JP Benson, JE Blakeley, KT Bootond, GC Visvesvara, GS TI Disseminated Acanthamoeba sp infection in a dog SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acanthamoeba; dog; encephalitis; in vitro cultivation; PCR ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; 18S; IDENTIFICATION; KERATITIS; PCR AB Several species of free-living amoebae can cause encephalomyelitis in animals and humans. Disseminated acanthamoebiasis was diagnosed in pyogranulomatous lesions in brain, thyroid, pancreas, heart, lymph nodes, and kidney of a one-year-old dog. Acanthamoeba sp. was identified in canine tissues by conventional histology, by immunofluorescence, by cultivation of the parasite from the brain of the dog that had been stored at -70 degrees C for two months, and by PCR. The sequence obtained from the PCR product from the amoeba from the dog was compared to other sequences in the Acanthamoeba sp. ribosomal DNA database and was determined to be genotype T1, associated with other isolates of Acanthamoeba obtained from granulomatous amebic encephalitis infections in humans. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Illinois Dept Agr, Anim Dis Lab, Galesburg, IL 61402 USA. All Pets Vet Clin, Macomb, IL 61455 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA, ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov NR 12 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 128 IS 3-4 BP 183 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.vetpar.2004.11.022 PG 5 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 909OE UT WOS:000227868400002 PM 15740854 ER PT J AU Borkowf, CB AF Borkowf, CB TI A simple hybrid variance estimator for the Kaplan-Meier survival function SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE clinical trial; Kaplan-Meier survival function; Greenwood variance estimator; Peto variance estimator; survival analysis ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS AB In this paper, we propose a hybrid variance estimator for the Kaplan-Meier survival function. This new estimator approximates the true variance by a Binomial variance formula, where the proportion parameter is a piecewise non-increasing function of the Kaplan-Meier survival function and its upper bound, as described below. Also, the effective sample size equals the number of subjects not censored prior to that time. In addition, we consider an adjusted hybrid variance estimator that modifies the regular estimator for small sample sizes. We present a simulation study to compare the performance of the regular and adjusted hybrid variance estimators to the Greenwood and Peto variance estimators for small sample sizes. We show that on average these hybrid variance estimators give closer variance estimates to the true values than the traditional variance estimators, and hence confidence intervals constructed with these hybrid variance estimators have more nominal coverage rates. Indeed, the Greenwood and Peto variance estimators can substantially underestimate the true variance in the left and right tails of the survival distribution, even with moderately censored data. Finally, we illustrate the use of these hybrid and traditional variance estimators on a data set from a leukaemia clinical trial. Published in 2004 by John Wiley I Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch,Epidemiol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Borkowf, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch,Epidemiol Sect, Mail Stop A32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CBorkowf@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD MAR 30 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 827 EP 851 DI 10.1002/sim.1960 PG 25 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 908GK UT WOS:000227775300001 PM 15558837 ER PT J AU Brett, KM AF Brett, KM TI Can hysterectomy be considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Editorial Material DE editorials; women; menopause; risk factors; cardiovascular diseases ID OVARIAN-FUNCTION; UNITED-STATES; MENOPAUSE; WOMEN; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEALTH; HEART C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Off Anal & Epidemiol, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Brett, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Off Anal & Epidemiol, NCHS, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6417, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM KBrett@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 29 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 12 BP 1456 EP 1458 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000161141.92300.F3 PG 3 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 911EH UT WOS:000227984800001 PM 15795360 ER PT J AU van Griensven, F Thanprasertsuk, S Jommaroeng, R Mansergh, G Naorat, S Jenkins, RA Ungchusak, K Phanuphak, P Tappero, JW AF van Griensven, F Thanprasertsuk, S Jommaroeng, R Mansergh, G Naorat, S Jenkins, RA Ungchusak, K Phanuphak, P Tappero, JW CA Bangkok MSM Study Grp TI Evidence of a previously undocumented epidemic of HIV infection among men who have sex with men in Bangkok,Thailand SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; AIDS; homosexuality; sexual behaviour; south-east Asia; Thailand ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; YOUNG MEN; NORTHERN THAILAND; BEHAVIOR; SYPHILIS; WORKERS; DECLINE AB Background: The HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviours in Thai men who have sex with men (MSM) are unknown. This information is crucial to inform and implement targeted preventive interventions for this population. Methods: A cross-sectional assessment, using venue-day-time sampling, was conducted. Participants were 1121 Thai men who were 18 years or older, were residents of Bangkok, and reported anal or oral sex with a man during the past 6 months. Oral fluid specimens were tested for HIV antibody. Demographic and behavioural data were collected using an interviewer-administered Palm based automated questionnaire. Results: HIV prevalence was 17.3% (194 of 1121). Mean age was 26.9 years (median 25 years), and university education was completed by 42.5%. Sex with men and women during the past 6 months was reported by 22.3%; sex with a woman ever, 36%; and unprotected sexual intercourse during the past 3 months, 36.0%. Alcohol use during the past 3 months was common (73.7%); drug use was rare (2.5%). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed lower education, recruitment from a park, self-identification as homosexual, receptive and insertive anal intercourse, more years since first anal intercourse, and more male sex partners to be significantly and independently associated with HIV prevalence. Conclusions: HIV infection is common among MSM in Bangkok. HIV prevention programs are urgently needed to prevent further spread of HIV in this young and sexually active population. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams C Wilkins. C1 Thailand MOPH, US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Thai Red Cross Soc, AIDS Res Ctr, Bangkok, Thailand. Rainbow Sky Org, Bangkok, Thailand. RP van Griensven, F (reprint author), Thailand MOPH, US CDC Collaborat, Minist Publ Hlth, DDC 7 Bldg,Soi 4, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. EM fav1@cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 24 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 BP 521 EP 526 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000162341.50933.e8 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 912XQ UT WOS:000228113600009 PM 15764858 ER PT J AU Atkins, D Briss, PA Eccles, M Flottorp, S Guyatt, GH Harbour, RT Hill, S Jaeschke, R Liberati, A Magrini, N Mason, J O'Connell, D Oxman, AD Phillips, B Schunemann, H Edejer, TTT Vist, GE Williams, JW AF Atkins, D Briss, PA Eccles, M Flottorp, S Guyatt, GH Harbour, RT Hill, S Jaeschke, R Liberati, A Magrini, N Mason, J O'Connell, D Oxman, AD Phillips, B Schunemann, H Edejer, TTT Vist, GE Williams, JW CA GRADE Working Grp TI Systems for grading the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations II: Pilot study of a new system SO BMC HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID METAANALYSIS; INTERVENTIONS; REVIEWS AB Background: Systems that are used by different organisations to grade the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations vary. They have different strengths and weaknesses. The GRADE Working Group has developed an approach that addresses key shortcomings in these systems. The aim of this study was to pilot test and further develop the GRADE approach to grading evidence and recommendations. Methods: A GRADE evidence profile consists of two tables: a quality assessment and a summary of findings. Twelve evidence profiles were used in this pilot study. Each evidence profile was made based on information available in a systematic review. Seventeen people were given instructions and independently graded the level of evidence and strength of recommendation for each of the 12 evidence profiles. For each example judgements were collected, summarised and discussed in the group with the aim of improving the proposed grading system. Kappas were calculated as a measure of chance-corrected agreement for the quality of evidence for each outcome for each of the twelve evidence profiles. The seventeen judges were also asked about the ease of understanding and the sensibility of the approach. All of the judgements were recorded and disagreements discussed. Results: There was a varied amount of agreement on the quality of evidence for the outcomes relating to each of the twelve questions (kappa coefficients for agreement beyond chance ranged from 0 to 0.82). However, there was fair agreement about the relative importance of each outcome. There was poor agreement about the balance of benefits and harms and recommendations. Most of the disagreements were easily resolved through discussion. In general we found the GRADE approach to be clear, understandable and sensible. Some modifications were made in the approach and it was agreed that more information was needed in the evidence profiles. Conclusion: Judgements about evidence and recommendations are complex. Some subjectivity, especially regarding recommendations, is unavoidable. We believe our system for guiding these complex judgements appropriately balances the need for simplicity with the need for full and transparent consideration of all important issues. C1 Norwegian Hlth Serv Res Ctr, Informed Choice Res Dept, N-0130 Oslo, Norway. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Practice & Technol Assessment, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Newcastle Univ, Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4AA, Tyne & Wear, England. McMaster Univ, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, Edinburgh EH2 1JQ, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Newcastle, Newcastle Mater Hosp, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Dept Clin Pharmacol, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia. McMaster Univ, Dept Med, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada. Univ Modena & Reggio Emilia, Azienda Osped Policlin, Dept Hematol & Oncol, I-41100 Modena, Italy. NHS Ctr Evaluat Effectiveness Hlth Care, CeVEAS, I-41100 Modena, Italy. NSW Canc Council, Canc Res & Registers Div, Canc Epidemiol Res Unit, Kings Cross, NSW 1340, Australia. Univ Oxford, Warneford Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Ctr Evidence Based Med, Oxford OX3 7JX, England. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Med, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Buffalo, NY 14215 USA. WHO, Global Programme Evidence Hlth Policy, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Hlth Serv Res Primary Care, HSR&D, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. RP Vist, GE (reprint author), Norwegian Hlth Serv Res Ctr, Informed Choice Res Dept, Pb 7004 St Olavs Plass, N-0130 Oslo, Norway. EM DAtkins@AHRQ.GOV; pxb5@cdc.gov; Martin.Eccles@newcastle.ac.uk; signe.flottorp@nhsrc.no; guyatt@mcmaster.ca; r.harbour@sign.ac.uk; hillsu@mail.newcastle.edu.au; jaeschke@mcmaster.ca; alesslib@tin.it; n.magrini@ausl.mo.it; jmason123@orange.net; dianneo@nswcc.org.au; oxman@online.no; bob.phillips@doctors.org.uk; hjs@buffalo.edu; tantorrest@who.ch; gev@nhsrc.no; jw.williams@duke.edu RI Mason, James/D-9904-2011 OI Mason, James/0000-0001-9210-4082 NR 17 TC 142 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 8 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1472-6963 J9 BMC HEALTH SERV RES JI BMC Health Serv. Res. PD MAR 23 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 25 DI 10.1186/1472-6963-5-25 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 918IL UT WOS:000228535400001 PM 15788089 ER PT J AU Hayes, DK Greenlund, KJ Denny, CH Croft, JB Keenan, NL AF Hayes, DK Greenlund, KJ Denny, CH Croft, JB Keenan, NL TI Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in multiple risk factors for heart disease and stroke - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 113-117, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ADULTS; HEALTH C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hayes, DK (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 23 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 12 BP 1441 EP 1443 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 908KA UT WOS:000227784700010 ER PT J AU Fiore, A Bell, B Barker, L Darling, N Amon, J AF Fiore, A Bell, B Barker, L Darling, N Amon, J TI Hepatitis A vaccination coverage among children aged 24-35 Months - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 141-144, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SURVEY C1 CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fiore, A (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 23 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 12 BP 1443 EP 1444 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 908KA UT WOS:000227784700011 ER PT J AU Patel, R Dellinger, AM Annest, JL AF Patel, R Dellinger, AM Annest, JL TI Nonfatal motor-vehicle-related backover injuries among children - United States, 2001-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 144, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PEDESTRIAN INJURIES; RISK C1 CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Patel, R (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 23 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 12 BP 1444 EP 1445 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 908KA UT WOS:000227784700012 ER PT J AU Switzer, WM Salemi, M Shanmugam, V Gao, F Cong, ME Kuiken, C Bhullar, V Beer, BE Vallet, D Gautier-Hion, A Tooze, Z Villinger, F Holmes, EC Heneine, W AF Switzer, WM Salemi, M Shanmugam, V Gao, F Cong, ME Kuiken, C Bhullar, V Beer, BE Vallet, D Gautier-Hion, A Tooze, Z Villinger, F Holmes, EC Heneine, W TI Ancient co-speciation of simian foamy viruses and primates SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; DIVERGENCE TIMES; ABSOLUTE RATES; DNA EVIDENCE; PHYLOGENY; SEQUENCES; GENE; HOSTS; COSPECIATION; COEVOLUTION AB Although parasite - host co-speciation is a long-held hypothesis, convincing evidence for long-term co-speciation remains elusive, largely because of small numbers of hosts and parasites studied and uncertainty over rates of evolutionary change(1-5). Cospeciation is especially rare in RNA viruses, in which cross-species transfer is the dominant mode of evolution(6-9). Simian foamy viruses (SFVs) are ubiquitous, non-pathogenic retroviruses that infect all primates(10,11). Here we test the co-speciation hypothesis in SFVs and their primate hosts by comparing the phylogenies of SFV polymerase and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II from African and Asian monkeys and apes. The phylogenetic trees were remarkably congruent in both branching order and divergence times, strongly supporting cospeciation. Molecular clock calibrations revealed an extremely low rate of SFV evolution, 1.7 x 10(-8) substitutions per site per year, making it the slowest-evolving RNA virus documented so far. These results indicate that SFVs might have co-speciated with Old World primates for at least 30 million years, making them the oldest known vertebrate RNA viruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Duke Univ, Human Vaccine Inst, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. So Res Inst, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Univ Rennes 1, CNRS, Biol Stn, F-35380 Paimpont, France. Cercopan, Calabar, Cross River Sta, Nigeria. Emory Univ, Winship Canc Ctr, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bis3@cdc.gov OI Holmes, Edward/0000-0001-9596-3552 NR 30 TC 166 Z9 174 U1 4 U2 47 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 17 PY 2005 VL 434 IS 7031 BP 376 EP 380 DI 10.1038/nature03341 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 907KG UT WOS:000227715100050 PM 15772660 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, A Burton, EC Kuehnert, MJ Rupprecht, C Sutker, WL Ksiazek, TG Paddock, CD Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Goldsmith, C Hanlon, CA Zoretic, J Fischbach, B Niezgoda, M El-Feky, WH Orciari, L Sanchez, EQ Likos, A Klintmalm, GB Cardo, D LeDuc, J Chamberland, ME Jernigan, DB Zaki, SR AF Srinivasan, A Burton, EC Kuehnert, MJ Rupprecht, C Sutker, WL Ksiazek, TG Paddock, CD Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Goldsmith, C Hanlon, CA Zoretic, J Fischbach, B Niezgoda, M El-Feky, WH Orciari, L Sanchez, EQ Likos, A Klintmalm, GB Cardo, D LeDuc, J Chamberland, ME Jernigan, DB Zaki, SR CA Rabies Transplant Recipients Inves TI Transmission of rabies virus from an organ donor to four transplant recipients SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ORTHOTOPIC LIVER-TRANSPLANTATION; ARTERIAL REVASCULARIZATION; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION; CONDUITS; DEATHS; GRAFTS AB BACKGROUND: In 2004, four recipients of kidneys, a liver, and an arterial segment from a common organ donor died of encephalitis of an unknown cause. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of the organ donor and the recipients. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissues from the recipients were tested with a variety of assays and pathological stains for numerous causes of encephalitis. Samples from the recipients were also inoculated into mice. RESULTS: The organ donor had been healthy before having a subarachnoid hemorrhage that led to his death. Encephalitis developed in all four recipients within 30 days after transplantation and was accompanied by rapid neurologic deterioration characterized by agitated delirium, seizures, respiratory failure, and coma. They died an average of 13 days after the onset of neurologic symptoms. Mice inoculated with samples from the affected patients became ill seven to eight days later, and electron microscopy of central nervous system (CNS) tissue demonstrated rhabdovirus particles. Rabies-specific immunohistochemical and direct fluorescence antibody staining demonstrated rabies virus in multiple tissues from all recipients. Cytoplasmic inclusions consistent with Negri bodies were seen in CNS tissue from all recipients. Antibodies against rabies virus were present in three of the four recipients and the donor. The donor had told others of being bitten by a bat. CONCLUSIONS: This report documenting the transmission of rabies virus from an organ donor to multiple recipients underscores the challenges of preventing and detecting transmission of unusual pathogens through transplantation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Baylor Univ, Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Texas Dept State Hlth Serv, Austin, TX USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 32 TC 213 Z9 234 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 17 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 11 BP 1103 EP 1111 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa043018 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 906PU UT WOS:000227655000007 PM 15784663 ER PT J AU Leone, P Adimora, A Foust, E Williams, D Buie, M Peebles, J Fitzpatrick, L McLellan-Lemal, E Chege, W Brooks, JT Marks, G Knox, S Williams, M Greenberg, A Forna, F AF Leone, P Adimora, A Foust, E Williams, D Buie, M Peebles, J Fitzpatrick, L McLellan-Lemal, E Chege, W Brooks, JT Marks, G Knox, S Williams, M Greenberg, A Forna, F CA CDC TI HIV transmission among black women - North Carolina, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 89-94, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Leone, P (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor/J-9720-2012 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 16 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 11 BP 1317 EP 1319 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 907EP UT WOS:000227698600009 ER PT J AU Miguel-Baquilod, M Fishburn, B Santos, J Jones, NR Warren, CW AF Miguel-Baquilod, M Fishburn, B Santos, J Jones, NR Warren, CW CA CDC TI Tobacco use among students aged 13-15 years - Philippines, 2000 and 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 94-97, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID YOUTH C1 Philippines Dept Hlth, Muntinlupa, Philippines. WHO, Western Pacific Reg Off, Manila, Philippines. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Miguel-Baquilod, M (reprint author), Philippines Dept Hlth, Muntinlupa, Philippines. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 16 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 11 BP 1319 EP 1320 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 907EP UT WOS:000227698600010 ER PT J AU McCree, DH Oh, J Hogben, M AF McCree, DH Oh, J Hogben, M TI Status of and pharmacists' role in patient-delivered partner therapy for sexually transmitted diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; INFECTION; HIV; STD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Pharm, Lexington, KY USA. RP McCree, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-44,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. EM zyrl@cdc.gov NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 643 EP 646 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 907XD UT WOS:000227750600017 PM 15757888 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Mokdad, AH Ford, ES Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB AF Mensah, GA Mokdad, AH Ford, ES Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB TI State of disparities in cardiovascular health in the United States SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE ethnic groups; life expectancy; mortality; quality of life; continental population groups ID MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DISEASE; CARE AB Background - Reducing health disparities remains a major public health challenge in the United States. Having timely access to current data on disparities is important for policy and program development. Accordingly, we assessed the current magnitude of disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors in the United States. Methods and Results - Using national surveys, we determined CVD and risk factor prevalence and indexes of morbidity, mortality, and overall quality of life in adults >= 18 years of age by race/ethnicity, sex, education level, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. Disparities were common in all risk factors examined. In men, the highest prevalence of obesity (29.2%) was found in Mexican Americans who had completed a high school education. Black women with or without a high school education had a high prevalence of obesity (47.3%). Hypertension prevalence was high among blacks (39.8%) regardless of sex or educational status. Hypercholesterolemia was high among white and Mexican American men and white women in both groups of educational status. Ischemic heart disease and stroke were inversely related to education, income, and poverty status. Hospitalization was greater in men for total heart disease and acute myocardial infarction but greater in women for congestive heart failure and stroke. Among Medicare enrollees, congestive heart failure hospitalization was higher in blacks, Hispanics, and American Indians/Alaska Natives than among whites, and stroke hospitalization was highest in blacks. Hospitalizations for congestive heart failure and stroke were highest in the southeastern United States. Life expectancy remains higher in women than men and higher in whites than blacks by approximate to 5 years. CVD mortality at all ages tended to be highest in blacks. Conclusions - Disparities in CVD and related risk factors remain pervasive. The data presented here can be invaluable for policy development and in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of interventions designed to eliminate health disparities. C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Director, Mail Stop K-40,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ghm8@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 27 TC 580 Z9 584 U1 6 U2 39 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1233 EP 1241 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000158136.76824.04 PG 9 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 906CB UT WOS:000227617000007 PM 15769763 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA AF Mensah, GA TI Eliminating disparities in cardiovascular health - Six strategic imperatives and a framework for action SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE population; ethnic groups; prevention; cardiovascular diseases ID CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH; SOCIOECONOMIC DISPARITIES; RESTORING TRUST; MANAGED CARE; RISK-FACTORS; PARTNERSHIPS; INEQUALITIES; CARDIOLOGY; MORTALITY AB Disparities in cardiovascular health are among the most serious public health problems in the United States today. Despite the remarkable declines in cardiovascular mortality observed nationally over the last 3 decades, many population subgroups defined by race, ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, educational level, or geography show striking, and often widening, disparities in cardiovascular health. The pervasive nature of these disparities and compelling evidence of the adverse impact they have on clinical outcomes and quality of life have been well documented. The elimination of these disparities is 1 of the 2 overarching goals of the Healthy People 2010 national public health agenda; however, few publications provide guidance on what actions to take. In this review, 6 strategic imperatives within a framework for action are presented. Other key elements of the framework include 10 focal areas and 6 major settings within which the framework calls for accelerated interventions to eliminate disparities in cardiovascular health. Success in this endeavor will require innovative and comprehensive interventions built on a foundation of sound clinical and public health science. Strategic partnerships with communities, community-based organizations, state and local governments, and public and private partners from both health and nonhealth sectors are essential. Additionally, investment in local-level disparities surveillance, community-based participatory research, and development of a diverse clinical and public health workforce will be invaluable. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Mail Stop K-40,4770 Buford Hwy,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ghm8@cdc.gov OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 62 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 111 IS 10 BP 1332 EP 1336 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000158134.24860.91 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 906CB UT WOS:000227617000021 PM 15769777 ER PT J AU Millar, EV O'Brien, KL Watt, JP Lingappa, J Pallipamu, R Rosenstein, N Hu, D Reid, R Santosham, M AF Millar, EV O'Brien, KL Watt, JP Lingappa, J Pallipamu, R Rosenstein, N Hu, D Reid, R Santosham, M TI Epidemiology of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type A disease among Navajo and White Mountain Apache children, 1988-2003 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; B CONJUGATE VACCINE; SEROTYPE REPLACEMENT; MENINGITIS; INFECTIONS; ERA; POPULATION; INDIANS; COUNTY AB Background. Before the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b ( Hib) conjugate vaccines, rates of H. influenzae disease among Navajo and White Mountain Apache ( WMA) children were among the highest reported worldwide. Routine Hib vaccination has significantly reduced rates of Hib disease in these populations. As Hib disease rates decrease to very low levels, there are concerns that non-type b strains of H. influenzae may emerge as more prevalent causes of invasive disease in children. Methods. We reviewed population-based, active laboratory surveillance data from the period of 1988 - 2003 for invasive H. influenzae type a ( Hia) disease among Navajo and WMA children aged <5 years. Clinical information on cases was collected by chart review. A sample of Hia isolates from Navajo children was typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results. During 1988 - 2003, a total of 76 reported cases of invasive Hia disease occurred among Navajo and WMA children. The overall annual incidence was 20.2 cases per 100,000 population aged ! 5 years. There was no increase in Hia disease rates after Hib vaccination was introduced. The median age of patients was 12 months. Meningitis (50% of cases) was the most common presentation, followed by pneumonia (27.6%). Two children with Hia disease died. PFGE analysis revealed a limited genetic diversity of Hia strains in this population. Conclusions. Active surveillance data showed high rates of invasive Hia disease among Navajo and WMA children but no increase in the incidence after Hib vaccination was introduced. The presentation of Hia disease is similar to that of Hib disease in the prevaccine era. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Labs, Shoreline, WA USA. Tuba City Indian Med Ctr, Navajo Area Indian Hlth Serv, Tuba City, AZ USA. RP Millar, EV (reprint author), 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM emillar@jhsph.edu NR 25 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 823 EP 830 DI 10.1086/428047 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JP UT WOS:000227492800008 PM 15736015 ER PT J AU Butler, JC AF Butler, JC TI Nature abhors a vacuum, but public health is loving it: The sustained decrease in the rate of invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; B DISEASE; CONJUGATE VACCINE; CARRIAGE; IMPACT; INFECTIONS; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM JButler@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 831 EP 833 DI 10.1086/428064 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JP UT WOS:000227492800009 PM 15736016 ER PT J AU Isaacson, E Glaser, CA Forghani, B Amad, Z Wallace, M Armstrong, RW Exner, MM Schmid, S AF Isaacson, E Glaser, CA Forghani, B Amad, Z Wallace, M Armstrong, RW Exner, MM Schmid, S TI Evidence of human herpesvirus 6 infection in 4 immunocompetent patients with encephalitis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID HUMAN HERPESVIRUS-6; ADULT; PCR AB We describe 4 patients with encephalitis due to possible reactivation of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV- 6) infection who were enrolled in the California Encephalitis Project. All were immunocompetent and had HHV- 6 loads determined in cerebrospinal fluid specimens. Tests for detection of HHV- 6 should be considered for individuals with encephalitis. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Div Communicable Dis Control, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. USN, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Good Samaritan Hosp, San Jose, CA USA. Quest Diagnost Nichols Inst, San Juan Capistrano, CA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch,Childhood Vaccine Pre, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glaser, CA (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Div Communicable Dis Control, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. EM cglaser@dhs.ca.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU915546-07] NR 12 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 890 EP 893 DI 10.1086/427944 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JP UT WOS:000227492800020 PM 15736026 ER PT J AU Borchardt, SM Yoder, JS Dworkin, MS AF Borchardt, SM Yoder, JS Dworkin, MS TI Is the recent emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among participants in competitive sports limited to participants? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Div Infect Dis, Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. Council State & Terr Epidemiol, Appl Epidemiol Fellowship Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Publ Hlth Prevent Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Div Infect Dis, Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, 160 N LaSalle 7th Fl, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. EM mdworkin@idph.state.il.us NR 2 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 6 BP 906 EP 907 DI 10.1086/428354 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JP UT WOS:000227492800026 PM 15736032 ER PT J AU Benson, CA Kaplan, JE Masur, H Pau, A Holmes, KK AF Benson, CA Kaplan, JE Masur, H Pau, A Holmes, KK TI Treating opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults and adolescents: Recommendations from CDC, the national institutes of health, and the HIV medicine association/infectious diseases society of America SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII-PNEUMONIA; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY AB The CDC, National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America have developed guidelines for treatment of opportunistic infections (OIs) among adults and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). These guidelines are intended for clinicians and other health-care providers who care for HIV-infected adults and adolescents, including pregnant women; they complement companion guidelines for treatment of OIs among HIV-infected children and previously published guidelines for prevention of OIs in these populations. They include evidence-based guidelines for treatment of 28 OIs caused by protozoa, bacteria, fungi, and viruses, including certain OIs endemic in other parts of the world but that might be observed in patients in the United States. Each OI section includes information on epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment recommendations, monitoring and adverse events, management of treatment failure, prevention of recurrence, and special considerations in pregnancy. Tables address drugs and doses, drug toxicities, drug interactions, adjustment of drug doses in persons with reduced renal function, and data about use of drugs in pregnant women. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Benson, CA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Antrivral Res Ctr, 150 W Washington St,Ste 100, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. EM cbenson@ucsd.edu NR 683 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 40 SU 3 BP S131 EP S235 DI 10.1086/427906 PG 105 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904VP UT WOS:000227526500001 ER PT J AU Wang, SA Papp, JR Stamm, WE Peeling, RW Martin, DH Holmes, KK AF Wang, SA Papp, JR Stamm, WE Peeling, RW Martin, DH Holmes, KK TI Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and treatment failures for Chlamydia trachomatis: A meeting report SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; GENITAL-TRACT; IN-VITRO; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PERSISTENT; INFECTION; ANTIBIOTICS; EXPRESSION; GENE; WOMEN AB Each year, Chlamydia trachomatis causes similar to 3 million new infections and results in more than $1 billion in medical costs in the United States. Repeat or persistent infection occurs in 10% - 15% of women who are treated for C. trachomatis infection. However, the role played by antimicrobial resistance in C. trachomatis treatment failures or persistent infection is unclear. With researchers in the field, we reviewed current knowledge and available approaches for evaluating antimicrobial resistance and potential clinical treatment failures for C. trachomatis. We identified key research questions that require further investigation. To date, there have been no reports of clinical C. trachomatis isolates displaying in vitro homotypic resistance to antimicrobials, but in vitro heterotypic resistance in C. trachomatis has been described. Correlation between the results of existing in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility tests and clinical outcome after treatment for C. trachomatis infection is unknown. Animal models may provide insight into chlamydial persistence, since homotypic resistance against tetracycline has been described for Chlamydia suis in pigs. Evaluating C. trachomatis clinical treatment failures, interpreting laboratory findings, and correlating the 2 clearly remain extremely challenging undertakings. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Med Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Wang, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sjw8@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 61 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 6 BP 917 EP 923 DI 10.1086/428290 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 902UH UT WOS:000227381600013 PM 15717267 ER PT J AU Nainan, OV Armstrong, GL Han, XH Williams, I Bell, BP Margolis, HS AF Nainan, OV Armstrong, GL Han, XH Williams, I Bell, BP Margolis, HS TI Hepatitis A molecular epidemiology in the United States, 1996-1997: Sources of infection and implications of vaccination policy SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENETIC RELATEDNESS; VIRUS; STRATEGIES; IMMUNIZATION; MEN; SEX AB Background. The genetic relatedness of hepatitis A virus (HAV) isolates was determined to identify possible infection sources for case patients in the Sentinel Counties Study of Acute Viral Hepatitis. Methods. A 315-nucleotide segment of the VP1-P2 region of the HAV genome was amplified and sequenced from serum of case patients and analyzed together with risk-factor data. Results. Of 508 HAV-RNA-positive case patients, 449 (88.4%) were interviewed, and 255 (50.1%) reported greater than or equal to1 risk factor. Some 123 unique nucleotide sequence patterns (UNSPs) were identified - 77 (62.6%) from only 1 case patient and the rest in 2 - 99 persons. Among international travelers, a single person was more often infected with a single type of UNSP (17/54 [31.5%]), compared with other case patients (48/393 [12.2%];). UNSPs P < .001 from travelers to Mexico (33/37 [89.2%]) clustered with those from Hispanic children (47/49 [95.9%]). Of 119 men who had sex with men, 96 (80.7%) had the same or similar UNSPs, which were also found in 37 men and 10 women with no identified infection source. Conclusion. HAV is often transmitted within networks of persons with similar risk factors, which may be the infection source for others in the community. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. RP Nainan, OV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A33, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. EM ovn1@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 48 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 6 BP 957 EP 963 DI 10.1086/427992 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 902UH UT WOS:000227381600018 PM 15717272 ER PT J AU Purdy, DE Chang, GJJ AF Purdy, DE Chang, GJJ TI Secretion of noninfectious dengue virus-like particles and identification of amino acids in the stem region involved in intracellular retention of envelope protein SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dengue virus; prM-E-expressing plasmids; virus-like particles; stem-anchor regions ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; RECOMBINANT SUBVIRAL PARTICLES; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; GLYCOPROTEIN; ANTIGEN; ANTIBODIES; CHALLENGE; PLASMID; VACCINE; TYPE-2 AB DNA plasmids that express flavivirus premembrane/membrane (prM/M) and envelope (E) proteins in the form of virus-like particles (VLPs) have an excellent potential as DNA vaccine candidates against virus infection. The plasmid-expressed VLPs are also useful as safe, noninfectious antigens in serodiagnostic assays. We have constructed plasmids containing the prM/M and E gene regions for DENV-1, -3, and -4 that express and secrete VLPs when electroporated into Chinese hamster ovary cells. Constructs containing the full-length DENV-1 E protein gene did not secrete VLPs into tissue culture fluid effectively. However, a 16-fold increase in ELISA titers of DENV-1 VLPs was achieved after replacing the carboxy-terminal 20% region of DENV-1 E protein gene with the corresponding sequence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). DENV-3 plasmids containing either the full-length DENV-3 E protein gene or the 20% JEV sequence replacement secreted VLPs to similarly high levels. Whereas DENV-4 VLPs were secreted to high levels by plasmids containing the full-length DENV-4 E protein gene but not by the chimeric plasmid containing 20% JEV E replacement. Domain substitutions by replacing prM/M protein stemanchor region with the corresponding prM/M stem-anchor region of JEV or DENV-2 in the chimeric DENV-4 construct failed to promote the secretion of DENV-4 VLPs. Using the DENV-2 chimeric plasmid with carboxy-terminal 10% of JEV E gene, the sequence responsible for intracellular localization of E protein was mapped onto the E-HI a-helix domain of DENV-2 E protein. Substitution of three amino acids from the DENV-2 sequence to the corresponding amino acids in the JEV sequence (I398L, M401A, and M412L) in the E-H1 was sufficient to promote extracellular secretion and resulted in detectable titers of DENV-2 VLP secretion. Published bv Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth &, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Chang, GJJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth &, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM gxc7@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 333 IS 2 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.12.036 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 903UE UT WOS:000227450300005 PM 15721358 ER PT J AU Zhu, Y Fournier, PE Eremeeva, M Raoult, D AF Zhu, Y Fournier, PE Eremeeva, M Raoult, D TI Proposal to create subspecies of Rickettsia conorii based on multi-locus sequence typing and an emended description of Rickettsia conorii SO BMC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; ASTRAKHAN FEVER; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; COMB-NOV; ORDER RICKETTSIALES; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; GENUS RICKETTSIA; PROTEIN ROMPA; TICK TYPHUS; GENERA AB Rickettsiae closely related to the Malish strain, the reference Rickettsia conorii strain, include Indian tick typhus rickettsia (ITTR), Israeli spotted fever rickettsia (ISFR), and Astrakhan fever rickettsia (AFR). Although closely related genotypically, they are distinct serotypically. Using multilocus sequence typing (MLST), we have recently found that distinct serotypes may not always represent distinct species within the Rickettsia genus. We investigated the possibility of classifying rickettsiae closely related to R. conorii as R. conorii subspecies as proposed by the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. For this, we first estimated their genotypic variability by using MLST including the sequencing of 5 genes, of 31 rickettsial isolates closely related to R. conorii strain Malish, 1 ITTR isolate, 2 isolates and 3 tick amplicons of AFR, and 2 ISFR isolates. Then, we selected a representative of each MLST genotype and used multi-spacer typing (MST) and mouse serotyping to estimate their degree of taxonomic relatedness. Results: Among the 39 isolates or tick amplicons studied, four MLST genotypes were identified: i) the Malish type; ii) the ITTR type; iii) the AFR type; and iv) the ISFR type. Among these four MLST genotypes, the pairwise similarity in nucleotide sequence varied from 99.8 to 100%, 99.4 to 100%, 98.2 to 99.8%, 98.4 to 99.8%, and 99.2 to 99.9% for 16S rDNA, gltA, ompA, ompB, and sca4 genes, respectively. Representatives of the 4 MLST types were also classified within four types using MST genotyping as well as mouse serotyping. Conclusion: Although homogeneous genotypically, strains within the R. conorii species show MST genotypic, serotypic, and epidemio-clinical dissimilarities. We, therefore, propose to modify the nomenclature of the R. conorii species through the creation of subspecies. We propose the names R. conorii subsp. conorii subsp. nov. ( type strain = Malish, ATCC VR-613), R. conorii subspecies indica subsp. nov. ( type strain = ATCC VR-597), R. conorii subspecies caspia subsp. nov. ( type strain = A-167), and R. conorii subspecies israelensis subsp. nov. ( type strain = ISTT CDCI). The description of R. conorii is emended to accomodate the four subspecies. C1 Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, Unite Rickettsies,IFR 48, CNRS UMR 6020, F-13385 Marseille, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Raoult, D (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille 2, Fac Med, Unite Rickettsies,IFR 48, CNRS UMR 6020, 27 Blvd Jean Moulin, F-13385 Marseille, France. EM zhuyong65@yahoo.com; Pierre-Edouard.Fournier@medecine.univ-mrs.fr; mge6@cdc.gov; didier.raoult@medecine.univ-mrs.fr NR 53 TC 66 Z9 71 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2180 J9 BMC MICROBIOL JI BMC Microbiol. PD MAR 14 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 11 DI 10.1186/1471-2180-5-11 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 913OJ UT WOS:000228162400001 PM 15766388 ER PT J AU De Alwis, GKH Needham, LL Barr, DB AF De Alwis, GKH Needham, LL Barr, DB TI Quantitative detection of urinary 2,3-dibromopropanoil by automated solid phase extraction GC/MS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hdd9@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 244-ANYL BP U129 EP U129 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700577 ER PT J AU De Alwis, GKH Needham, LL Barr, DB AF De Alwis, GKH Needham, LL Barr, DB TI Determination of urinary organophosphorus pesticide metabolites by automated solid phase extraction, post extraction derivatization, and GC-MS/MS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM hdd9@cdc.govx RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 108-AGRO BP U85 EP U85 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700331 ER PT J AU Fei, X Shibamoto, T Gao, PF Sun, G AF Fei, X Shibamoto, T Gao, PF Sun, G TI Detoxification of carbamate pesticides by halamine structures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Davis, Div Textiles & Clothing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NIOSH, Natl Personal Perspect Technol Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Text & Clothing, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM xfei@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 065-AGRO BP U77 EP U77 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700288 ER PT J AU Hill, RH AF Hill, RH TI Strengthening safety education of chemistry undergraduates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. EM rhh2@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 018-CHAS BP U338 EP U338 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177702018 ER PT J AU Montesano, MA Olsson, A Kuklenyik, P Needham, LL Bradman, A Barr, DB AF Montesano, MA Olsson, A Kuklenyik, P Needham, LL Bradman, A Barr, DB TI Method for determination of acephate, methamidophos, omethoate, dimethoate, ethylenethiourea and propylenethiourea in human urine using high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, ATSDR, Div Lab Sci Organ,Analyt Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM AHM2@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 243-ANYL BP U128 EP U128 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700576 ER PT J AU Sclafani, G Wamsley, J Kobelski, RJ AF Sclafani, G Wamsley, J Kobelski, RJ TI Automated transfer of whole blood from closed vacutainers to prevent exposure to bioterrorism agents and other bloodborne pathogens SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 209-ANYL BP U123 EP U123 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700542 ER PT J AU Young, CL Sclafani, AG Croley, TR Lemire, SW Barr, JR AF Young, CL Sclafani, AG Croley, TR Lemire, SW Barr, JR TI Simultaneous detection of trichothecene mycotoxins in human urine by LC-APCI/MS/MS. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Div Consolidated Lab Serv, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. EM cyoung@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 241 BP U128 EP U128 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700574 ER PT J AU Zhang, XF Barr, DB Ross, JH Krieger, RI AF Zhang, XF Barr, DB Ross, JH Krieger, RI TI Dialkylphosphates (DAPS) in fruit and vegetables confound biomonitoring in organophosphate risk assessment. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Entomol, Personal Chem Exposure Program, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Infoscicom Inc, Carmichael, CA 95608 USA. EM zhangxiaofei@hotmail.com; jross@infoscientific.com; bob.krieger@ucr.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 053-AGRO BP U75 EP U75 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700276 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Lisi, A Robert-Gnansia, E Erickson, JD Vollset, SE Mastroiacovo, P Botting, B Cocchi, G de Vigan, C de Walle, H Feijoo, M Irgens, LM McDonnell, B Merlob, P Ritvanen, A Scarano, G Siffel, C Metneki, J Stoll, C Smithells, R Goujard, J AF Botto, LD Lisi, A Robert-Gnansia, E Erickson, JD Vollset, SE Mastroiacovo, P Botting, B Cocchi, G de Vigan, C de Walle, H Feijoo, M Irgens, LM McDonnell, B Merlob, P Ritvanen, A Scarano, G Siffel, C Metneki, J Stoll, C Smithells, R Goujard, J TI International retrospective cohort study of neural tube defects in relation to folic acid recommendations: are the recommendations working? SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; REPRODUCTIVE AGE; FORTIFICATION; ATTITUDES; KNOWLEDGE; FOLATE; WOMEN AB Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of policies and recommendations on folic acid aimed at reducing the occurrence of neural tube defects. Design Retrospective cohort study of births monitored by birth defect registries. Setting 13 birth defects registries monitoring rates of neural tube defects from 1988 to 1998 in Norway, Finland, Northern Netherlands, England and Wales, Ireland, France (Paris, Strasbourg, and Central East), Hungary, Italy (Emilia Romagna and Campania), Portugal, and Israel. Cases of neural tube defects were ascertained among liveborn infants, stillbirths, and pregnancy terminations (where legal). Policies and recommendations were ascertained by interview and literature review. Main outcome measures Incidences and trends in rates of neural tube defects before and after 1992 (the year of the first recommendations) and before and after the year of local recommendations (when applicable). Results The issuing of recommendations on folic acid was followed by no detectable improvement in the trends of incidence of neural tube defects. Conclusions Recommendations alone did not seem to influence trends in neural tube defects up to six years after the confirmation of the effectiveness of folic acid in clinical trials. New cases of neural tube defects preventable by folic acid continue to accumulate. A reasonable strategy would be to quickly integrate food fortification with fuller implementation of recommendations on supplements. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM icbd@icbd.org FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU207141] NR 11 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 1 U2 13 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD MAR 12 PY 2005 VL 330 IS 7491 BP 571 EP 573 DI 10.1136/bmj.38336.664352.82 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 906EC UT WOS:000227622300017 PM 15722368 ER PT J AU Caravati, EM Grey, T Nangle, B Rolfs, RT AF Caravati, EM Grey, T Nangle, B Rolfs, RT TI Increase in poisoning deaths caused by non-illicit drugs - Utah, 1991-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 33-36, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Utah Poison Control Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Caravati, EM (reprint author), Utah Poison Control Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 10 BP 1182 EP 1183 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 904LB UT WOS:000227498400008 ER PT J AU Vajani, M Annest, JL Ballesteros, M Gilchrist, J AF Vajani, M Annest, JL Ballesteros, M Gilchrist, J TI Unintentional non-fire-related carbon monoxide exposures - United States, 2001-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 36-39, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vajani, M (reprint author), CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 10 BP 1183 EP 1186 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 904LB UT WOS:000227498400009 ER PT J AU Felton, KJ Pandya-Smith, I Curns, AG Fry, AM Anderson, LJ Keeler, NM AF Felton, KJ Pandya-Smith, I Curns, AG Fry, AM Anderson, LJ Keeler, NM CA Natl Resp Enteric Virus Surveillan TI Brief report: Respiratory syncytial virus activity - United States, 2003-2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1159-1160, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Resp & Enter Virus Surveillance Syst Collabo, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, DVM, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Felton, KJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Resp & Enter Virus Surveillance Syst Collabo, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 10 BP 1186 EP 1186 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 904LB UT WOS:000227498400010 ER PT J AU Luman, ET Barker, LE Shaw, KM McCauley, MM Buehler, JW Pickering, LK AF Luman, ET Barker, LE Shaw, KM McCauley, MM Buehler, JW Pickering, LK TI Timeliness of childhood vaccinations in the United States - Days undervaccinated and number of vaccines delayed SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION RATES; YOUNG INFANTS; PRIMARY-CARE; RISK-FACTORS; COVERAGE; PERTUSSIS; INTERVENTIONS; CHICAGO AB Context Only 18% of children in the United States receive all vaccinations at the recommended times or acceptably early. Objective To determine the extent of delay of vaccination during the first 24 months of life. Design, Setting, and Participants The 2003 National Immunization Survey was conducted by random-digit dialing of households and mailings to vaccination providers to estimate vaccination coverage rates for US children aged 19 to 35 months. Data for this study were limited to 14810 children aged 24 to 35 months. Main Outcome Measures Cumulative days undervaccinated during the first 24 months of life for each of 6 vaccines (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis; poliovirus; measles, mumps, and rubella; Haemophilus influenzae type b; hepatitis 13; and varicella) and all vaccines combined, number of late vaccines, and risk factors for severe delay of vaccination. Results Children were undervaccinated a mean of 172 days (median, 126 days) for all vaccines combined during their first 24 months of life. Approximately 34% were undervaccinated for less than 1 month and 29% for 1 to 6 months, while 37% were undervaccinated for more than 6 months. Vaccine-specific undervaccination of more than 6 months ranged from 9% for poliovirus vaccine to 21 % for Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. An estimated 25% of children had delays in receipt of 4 or more of the 6 vaccines. Approximately 21 % of children were severely delayed (undervaccinated for more than 6 months and for greater than or equal to4 vaccines). Factors associated with severe delay included having a mother who was unmarried or who did not have a college degree, living in a household with 2 or more children, being non-Hispanic black, having 2 or more vaccination providers, and using public vaccination provider(s). Conclusions More than 1 in 3 children were undervaccinated for more than 6 months during their first 24 months of life and 1 in 4 children were delayed for at least 4 vaccines. Standard measures of vaccination coverage mask substantial shortfalls in ensuring that recommendations are followed regarding age at vaccination throughout the first 24 months of life. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ECL7@cdc.gov RI Buehler, James/B-8419-2014 NR 47 TC 129 Z9 130 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 9 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 10 BP 1204 EP 1211 DI 10.1001/jama.293.10.1204 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 904LB UT WOS:000227498400021 PM 15755943 ER PT J AU Hoffman, RM Stone, SN Espey, D Potosky, AL AF Hoffman, RM Stone, SN Espey, D Potosky, AL TI Differences between men with screening-detected versus clinically diagnosed prostate cancers in the USA SO BMC CANCER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine CY APR 30-MAY 03, 2003 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Soc Gen Internal Med ID PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; UNITED-STATES; OUTCOMES; VALIDATION; CARCINOMA; PATTERNS; STAGE AB Background: The advent of prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing in the United States of America (USA) has led to a dramatic increase in the incidence of prostate cancer in the United States as well as the number of men undergoing aggressive treatment with radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy. We compared patient characteristics and treatment selection between American men with screening-detected versus clinically diagnosed prostate cancers. Methods: We evaluated 3,173 men with prostate cancer in the USA. Surveys and medical records provided information on demographics, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, symptoms, tumor characteristics, and treatment. We classified men presenting with symptoms of advanced cancer bone pain, weight loss, or hematuria-as "clinically diagnosed"; asymptomatic men and those with only lower urinary tract symptoms were considered "screening-detected." We used multivariate analyses to determine whether screening predicted receiving aggressive treatment for a clinically localized cancer. Results: We classified 11% of cancers as being clinically diagnosed. Men with screening-detected cancers were more often non-Hispanic white (77% vs. 65%, P < 0.01), younger (36% < 65 years vs. 25%, P <= 0.01), better educated (80% >= high school vs. 67%, P < 0.01), healthier (18% excellent health vs. 10%, P < 0.01), and diagnosed with localized disease (90% vs. 75%, P < 0.01). Men with screening-detected localized cancers more often underwent aggressive treatment, 76% vs. 70%, P = 0.05. Conclusion: Most cancers were detected by screening in this American cohort. Appropriately, younger, healthier men were more likely to be diagnosed by screening. Minority status and lower socio-economic status appeared to be screening barriers. Screening detected earlier-stage cancers and was associated with receiving aggressive treatment. C1 Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. New Mexico VA Hlth Care Syst, Med Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Noncommunicable Dis Epidemiol Unit, London WC1, England. CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Albuquerque, NM USA. Indian Hlth Serv Natl Epidemiol Program, Albuquerque, NM USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Stone, SN (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Mexico Tumor Registry, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM rhoffman@unm.edu; noells@nmtr.unm.edu; david.espey@ihs.gov; potoskya@mail.nih.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [N01 PC067010, N01 CN067009, N01 PC067006, N01PC67000, N01PC67010, N01PC67007, N01PC67005]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU610818-06-4] NR 29 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2407 J9 BMC CANCER JI BMC Cancer PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 27 DI 10.1186/1471-2407-5-27 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 911LE UT WOS:000228003100001 PM 15755329 ER PT J AU Santibanez, SS Garfein, RS Swartzendruber, A Kerndt, PR Morse, E Ompad, D Strathdeee, S Williams, IT Friedman, SR Ouellet, LJ AF Santibanez, SS Garfein, RS Swartzendruber, A Kerndt, PR Morse, E Ompad, D Strathdeee, S Williams, IT Friedman, SR Ouellet, LJ TI Prevalence and correlates of crack-cocaine injection among young injection drug users in the United States, 1997-1999 SO DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; HIV/AIDS; hepatitis; drugs; urban health; substance abuse ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; SMOKE CRACK; SHOOTING GALLERIES; SAN-FRANCISCO; HEPATITIS-C; INNER-CITY; INFECTION; CITIES AB Objectives: We estimated prevalence and identified correlates of crack-cocaine injection among young injection drug users in the United States. Methods: We analyzed data from the second Collaborative Injection Drug Users Study (CIDUS II), a 1997-1999 cohort study of 18-30-year-old, street-recruited injection drug users from six US cities. Results: Crack-cocaine injection was reported by 329 (15%) of 2198 participants. Prevalence varied considerably by site (range, 1.5-28.0%). No participants injected only crack-cocaine. At four sites where crack-cocaine injection prevalence was greater than 10%, recent (past 6 months) crack-cocaine injection was correlated with recent daily injection and sharing of syringes, equipment, and drug solution. Lifetime crack-cocaine injection was correlated with using shooting galleries, initiating others into drug injection, and having serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection. Conclusions: Crack-cocaine injection may be a marker for high-risk behaviors that can be used to direct efforts to prevent HIV and other blood-borne viral infections. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70117 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, New York, NY 10010 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL 60617 USA. RP Santibanez, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ssantibanez@cdc.gov RI Ompad, Danielle/F-3163-2013 OI Ompad, Danielle/0000-0003-0240-0393 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0376-8716 J9 DRUG ALCOHOL DEPEN JI Drug Alcohol Depend. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 3 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.020 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 905WB UT WOS:000227600600002 PM 15734222 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Cogswell, ME Gillespie, C Reyes, M AF Blanck, HM Cogswell, ME Gillespie, C Reyes, M TI Iron supplement use and iron status among US adults: results from NHANES III SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 CDC, DNPA, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1482 EP A1482 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610903378 ER PT J AU Conrey, EJ Shealy, K Li, RW Grummer-Strawn, L AF Conrey, EJ Shealy, K Li, RW Grummer-Strawn, L TI Monitoring breastfeeding duration: How valid are questionnaire-based methods, and can validity be improved SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1698 EP A1698 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610904701 ER PT J AU Kim, I AF Kim, I TI Nutrition and overweight objectives of the healthy people 2010 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 CDC, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1025 EP A1026 PN 2 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610900249 ER PT J AU Ledikwe, JH Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK Seymour, JD Tohill, BC Rolls, BJ AF Ledikwe, JH Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK Seymour, JD Tohill, BC Rolls, BJ TI Dietary energy density is associated with quality of the diet in US adults SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1017 EP A1017 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610900208 ER PT J AU Nord, M Radimer, K AF Nord, M Radimer, K TI Measuring frequent or chronic food insecurity in household surveys SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Invest Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 USDA, Serv Econ Res, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 5 SU S BP A1023 EP A1023 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZS UT WOS:000227610900237 ER PT J AU Briss, PA AF Briss, PA TI Evidence-based: US road and public-health side of the street SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Briss, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Pbriss@cdc.gov NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 5 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9462 BP 828 EP 830 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71019-9 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 903RZ UT WOS:000227444600007 PM 15752512 ER PT J AU Stephens, DS Zughaier, SM Whitney, CG Baughman, WS Barker, L Gay, K Jackson, D Orenstein, WA Arnold, K Schuchat, A Farley, MM AF Stephens, DS Zughaier, SM Whitney, CG Baughman, WS Barker, L Gay, K Jackson, D Orenstein, WA Arnold, K Schuchat, A Farley, MM CA Georgia Emerging Infections Progra TI Incidence of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae after introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: population-based assessment SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID EFFLUX; PREVALENCE; PYOGENES; MEF(A); GENES; MEFE AB Background The prevalence of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae has risen in recent years after the introduction of new macrolides and their increased use. We assessed emergence of macrolide-resistant invasive S pneumoniae disease in Atlanta, CA, USA, before and after the licensing, in February 2000, of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for young children. Methods Prospective population-based surveillance was used to obtain pneumococcal isolates and demographic data from patients with invasive pneumococcal disease. We calculated cumulative incidence rates for invasive pneumococcal disease for 1994-2002 using population estimates and census data from the US Census Bureau. Findings The incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in Atlanta fell from 30.2 per 100 000 population (mean annual incidence 1994-99) to 13.1 per 100 000 in 2002 (p < 0.0001). Striking reductions were seen in children younger than 2 years (82% decrease) and in those 2-4 years (71% decrease), age-groups targeted to receive pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Significant declines were also noted in adults aged 20-39 (54%), 40-64 (25%), and 65 years and older (39%). Macrolide resistance in invasive S pneumoniae disease in Atlanta, after increasing steadily from 4.5 per 100 000 in 1994 to 9.3 per 100 000 in 1999, fell to 2.9 per 100 000 by 2002. Reductions in disease caused by mefE-mediated and erm-mediated macrolide-resistant isolates of conjugate-vaccine serotypes 6B, 9V, 19F, and 23F, and the vaccine-associated serotype 6A were also recorded. Interpretation Vaccines can be a powerful strategy for reducing antibiotic resistance in a community. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. VA Med Ctr, Res Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stephens, DS (reprint author), Emory Univ Hosp, Dept Med, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM dstep01@emory.edu RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 30 TC 109 Z9 114 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 5 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9462 BP 855 EP 863 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71043-6 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 903RZ UT WOS:000227444600027 PM 15752529 ER PT J AU Bartlett, LA Mawji, S Whitehead, S Crouse, C Dalil, S Ionete, D Salama, P AF Bartlett, LA Mawji, S Whitehead, S Crouse, C Dalil, S Ionete, D Salama, P CA Afghan Maternal Mortality Study Te TI Where giving birth is a forecast of death: maternal mortality in four districts of Afghanistan, 1999-2002 SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-RIGHTS AB Background Maternal mortality in Afghanistan is uniformly identified as an issue of primary public-health importance. To guide the implementation of reproductive-health services, we examined the numbers, causes, and preventable factors for maternal deaths among women in four districts. Methods We did a retrospective cohort study of women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who died between March 21, 1999, and March 21, 2002, in four selected districts in four provinces: Kabul city, Kabul province (urban); Alisheng district, Laghman province (semirural); Maywand, Kandahar province (rural); and Ragh, Badakshan province (rural, most remote). Deaths among women of reproductive age were identified through a survey of all households in randomly selected villages and investigated through verbal-autopsy interviews of family members. Findings In a population of 90 816, 357 women of reproductive age died; 154 deaths were related to complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or the puerperal period. Most maternal deaths were caused by ante-partum haemorrhage, except in Ragh, where a greater proportion of women died of obstructed labour. All measures of maternal risk were high, especially in the more remote areas; the maternal mortality ratio (per 100 000 livebirths) was 418 (235-602) in Kabul, 774 (433-1115) in Alisheng, 2182 (1451-2913) in Maywand, and 6507 (5026-7988) in Ragh. In the two rural sites, no woman who died was assisted by a skilled birth attendant. Interpretation Maternal mortality in Afghanistan is high and becomes significantly greater with increasing remoteness. Deaths could be averted if complications were prevented through optimisation of general health status and if complications that occurred were treated to reduce their severity-efforts that require a multisectoral approach to increase availability and accessibility of health care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. UNICEF Afghanistan Off, Kabul, Afghanistan. RP Bartlett, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM LBartiett@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 1 U2 9 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 5 PY 2005 VL 365 IS 9462 BP 864 EP 870 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71044-8 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 903RZ UT WOS:000227444600028 PM 15752530 ER PT J AU Gardner, LI Metsch, LR Anderson-Mahoney, P Loughlin, AM del Rio, C Strathdee, S Sansom, SL Siegal, HA Greenberg, AE Holmberg, SD AF Gardner, LI Metsch, LR Anderson-Mahoney, P Loughlin, AM del Rio, C Strathdee, S Sansom, SL Siegal, HA Greenberg, AE Holmberg, SD CA Antiretroviral Treatment Access TI Efficacy of a brief case management intervention to link recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons to care SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV infections; prevention and control; health behavior; health services utilization; case management; health services research ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MEDICAL-CARE; DRUG-USE; SERVICES; RISK; ACCESS; NEEDS; WOMEN; DELAY AB Objective: The Antiretroviral Treatment Access Study (ARTAS) assessed a case management intervention to improve linkage to care for persons recently receiving an HIV diagnosis. Methods: Participants were recently diagnosed HIV-infected persons in Atlanta, Baltimore, Los Angeles and Miami. They were randomized to either standard of care (SOC) passive referral or case management (CM) for linkage to nearby HIV clinics. The SOC arm received information about HIV and local care resources; the CM intervention arm included up to five contacts with a case manager over a 90-day period. The outcome measure was self-reported attendance at an HIV care clinic at least twice over a 12-month period. Results: A higher proportion of the 136 case-managed participants than the 137 SOC participants visited an HIV clinician at least once within 6 months [78 versus 60%; adjusted relative risk (RRadj), 1.36; P = 0.0005) and at least twice within 12 months (64 versus 49%; RRadj, 1.41; P = 0.006). Individuals older than 40 years, Hispanic participants, individuals enrolled within 6 months of an HIV-seropositive test result and participants without recent crack cocaine use were all significantly more likely to have made two visits to an HIV care provider. We estimate the cost of such case management to be US$ 600-1200 per client. Conclusion: A brief intervention by a case manager was associated with a significantly higher rate of successful linkage to HIV care. Brief case management is an affordable and effective resource that can be offered to HIV-infected clients soon after their HIV diagnosis. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. Hlth Res Assoc, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Wright State Univ, Dept Community Hlth, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. RP Gardner, LI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lig0@cdc.gov RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009; del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU917638, U64/CCU317654, U64/CCU417657, U64/CCU417672] NR 23 TC 210 Z9 216 U1 0 U2 15 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 423 EP 431 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000161772.51900.eb PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 912XO UT WOS:000228113400008 PM 15750396 ER PT J AU Andrews, KW Zhao, C Holden, JM Perry, CR Schweitzer, AL Wolf, W Harnly, J Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Saldanha, LG Fisher, K Betz, JM Yetley, E Radimer, K Bindewald, B AF Andrews, KW Zhao, C Holden, JM Perry, CR Schweitzer, AL Wolf, W Harnly, J Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Saldanha, LG Fisher, K Betz, JM Yetley, E Radimer, K Bindewald, B TI Selection of representative multivitamin products based on % Daily Value levels for specific nutrients SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CDC, NHANES, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A86 EP A87 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610700398 ER PT J AU Bailey, SW Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M Alverson, PB Nozawa, M Cohen, MV Ayling, JE AF Bailey, SW Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M Alverson, PB Nozawa, M Cohen, MV Ayling, JE TI Pharmacolkinetics of oral folic acid compared to 5-methyl-(S)tetrahydrofolate in human plasma SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunologists, Amer Physiol Soc, Amer Soc Biochem & Mol Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, Int Union Physiol Sci C1 Univ S Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A52 EP A52 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610700241 ER PT J AU Borrud, LG Hughes, JP McDowell, MA AF Borrud, LG Hughes, JP McDowell, MA TI Characteristics of adults who attempted to lose weight: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A87 EP A88 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610700403 ER PT J AU Fazili, Z Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M AF Fazili, Z Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M TI Whole blood folate extraction and analysis by LC/MS/MS: Comparison of results with microbiologic assay SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Ctr Dis Control, NCEH, ITN, DLS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A51 EP A51 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610700236 ER PT J AU Garnier, D Ramirez-Zea, M Gamboa, C Flores, R Stupp, P Martorell, R AF Garnier, D Ramirez-Zea, M Gamboa, C Flores, R Stupp, P Martorell, R TI High levels and rapid increase in overweight and obesity among women in Meso-America SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Inst Nutr Cent Amer & Panama, Guatemala City 01011, Guatemala. Ctr Dis Control, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Martorell, Reynaldo /I-2539-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A771 EP A771 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610705390 ER PT J AU Holden, JM Andrews, KW Zhao, C Schweitzer, AL Perry, CR Harnly, J Wolf, W Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Saldanha, LG Yetley, E Fisher, K Sharpless, K Radimer, K Bindewald, B AF Holden, JM Andrews, KW Zhao, C Schweitzer, AL Perry, CR Harnly, J Wolf, W Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Saldanha, LG Yetley, E Fisher, K Sharpless, K Radimer, K Bindewald, B TI Dietary supplement ingredient database project: protocol development SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CDC, NHANES, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A86 EP A86 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610700397 ER PT J AU Jasti, S Siega-Riz, AM Hartzema, A Cogswell, ME AF Jasti, S Siega-Riz, AM Hartzema, A Cogswell, ME TI Measurement error in adherence to prenatal multivitamin/mineral supplements SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 CUNY Queens Coll, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A65 EP A65 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610700302 ER PT J AU Kimmons, JE Tohill, B Blanck, H Zhang, J Khan, LK AF Kimmons, JE Tohill, B Blanck, H Zhang, J Khan, LK TI Biochemical deviance with increasing body mass index SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A416 EP A416 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610702645 ER PT J AU Neish, AS Zeng, H Wu, HX Jones, RM Gewirtz, AT AF Neish, AS Zeng, H Wu, HX Jones, RM Gewirtz, AT TI Flagellin mediates both inflammatory and apoptotic responses in intestinal epithelium SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Neish, Andrew/B-3895-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A496 EP A497 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610703368 ER PT J AU Rybak, ME Jain, RB Pfeiffer, CM AF Rybak, ME Jain, RB Pfeiffer, CM TI Inter-laboratory comparison of clinical vitamin B-6 measurements SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A421 EP A421 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610703021 ER PT J AU Steinau, MT Lee, DR Rajeevan, MS Unger, ER AF Steinau, MT Lee, DR Rajeevan, MS Unger, ER TI Representation of full thickness cervical epithelium gene expression in exfoliated cells SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 CDC, Human Papillomavirus Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A483 EP A483 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610703305 ER PT J AU Pollock, WJ Cunningham, R Lanza, J Buck, S Williams, PA Hamilton, JJ Sanderson, R Selove, D Harper, T Yu, DT Leslie, M Hofmann, J Reagan, S Fischer, M Whitney, A Sacchi, C Levett, P Daneshvar, M Helsel, L Morey, R Zaki, S Paddock, C Shieh, W Sumner, J Guarner, J Gross, D AF Pollock, WJ Cunningham, R Lanza, J Buck, S Williams, PA Hamilton, JJ Sanderson, R Selove, D Harper, T Yu, DT Leslie, M Hofmann, J Reagan, S Fischer, M Whitney, A Sacchi, C Levett, P Daneshvar, M Helsel, L Morey, R Zaki, S Paddock, C Shieh, W Sumner, J Guarner, J Gross, D TI Fatal rat-bite fever - Florida and Washington, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1198-1202, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Baptist Hosp, Pensacola, FL 32501 USA. Escambia Cty Hlth Dept, Pensacola, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Thurston Cty Coroners Off, Olympia, WA USA. Thurston Cty Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. Washington Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pollock, WJ (reprint author), Baptist Hosp, Pensacola, FL 32501 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 2 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 9 BP 1054 EP 1056 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 901LY UT WOS:000227285200006 ER PT J AU Duthie, MS Cetron, MS van Voorhis, WC Kahn, SJ AF Duthie, MS Cetron, MS van Voorhis, WC Kahn, SJ TI Trypanosoma cruzi-infected individuals demonstrate varied antibody responses to a panel of trans-sialidase proteins encoded by SA85-1 genes SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Article DE Trypanosoma cruzi; Chagas disease; antibody; human; mice ID TRYPOMASTIGOTE SURFACE-ANTIGENS; COMPLEMENT REGULATORY PROTEIN; LATIN-AMERICAN COUNTRIES; CHAGAS-DISEASE; CONGENITAL TRANSMISSION; FAMILY; IDENTIFICATION; SUPERFAMILY; EPITOPES; FL-160 AB Chronic infection with Trypanosoma cruzi causes significant morbidity and mortality. The parasite expresses on its surface and sheds into the extracellular milieu a large superfamily of trans-sialidase proteins. Previous studies have demonstrated that during T cruzi infection, the trans-sialidase superfamily stimulates an antibody response, but how individuals respond to different proteins of the trans-sialidase superfamily remain poorly defined. In this report, we present an analysis of the antibody response of chronically infected individuals and inbred strains of mice to a panel of 11 different trans-sialidase proteins encoded by surface antigen 85 kD (SA85-1) genes. These data indicate that: (1) 90% of the individuals tested generated antibodies to one or more trans-sialiclase proteins; (2) the individuals develop different patterns of antibody responsiveness to the panel of trans-sialidase proteins; (3) three inbred strains of mice develop trans-sialidase antibody responses, but each strain develops a different pattern of antibody response to the panel of trans-sialidase proteins; (4) the differences in the pattern of antibody response by the mouse strains are independent of MHC differences; and (5) trans-sialidase proteins that do not stimulate an antibody response during T cruzi infection can stimulate a response following immunization. Together these data indicate that during T cruzi infection individuals develop a diverse trans-sialidase antibody response that appears to be affected by genetic and environmental factors. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Infect Dis Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kahn, SJ (reprint author), Infect Dis Res Inst, 1124 Columbia St,Suite 600, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM skahn@idri.org FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI48777] NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 93 IS 3 BP 317 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.01.006 PG 13 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 910JG UT WOS:000227926700013 PM 15725381 ER PT J AU Grayman, JH Nhan, DT Huong, PT Jenkins, RA Carey, JW West, GR Minh, TT AF Grayman, JH Nhan, DT Huong, PT Jenkins, RA Carey, JW West, GR Minh, TT TI Factors associated with HIV testing, condom use, and sexually transmitted infections among female sex workers in Nha Trang, Vietnam SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE Vietnam; sex workers; capture-recapture; condoms ID CHIANG-MAI; RISK-FACTORS; DRUG-USERS; THAILAND; DETERMINANTS AB This study examined predictors of HIV testing, successful condom negotiation with clients, and self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among Vietnamese female sex workers (FSW). Data were collected by using face-to-face interviews from a community sample of 610 FSW from Nha Trang city during October-December, 2000. Having had an HIV test was associated with having spent time in a rehabilitation center. Consistently successful negotiation of condom use occurred most among FSW who had few clients, understood how HIV was not transmitted, and had not reported ever having any symptoms of STIs. Migration to Nha Trang for sex work was a risk factor for an STI diagnosis; successful negotiation of condom use had a protective effect. Our results suggest the need for voluntary HIV counseling and testing, further promotion of condom use among FSW populations, and better use of rehabilitation sites to promote HIV prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Northrup Grumman, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, NCHSTP, Hanoi, Vietnam. Khanh Hoa Dept Hlth Serv, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam. RP Jenkins, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NCHSTP, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rgj2@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 9 IS 1 BP 41 EP 51 DI 10.1007/s10461-005-1680-5 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 913UJ UT WOS:000228178800004 PM 15812612 ER PT J AU Colford, JM Wade, TJ Sandhu, SK Wright, CC Lee, S Shaw, S Fox, K Burns, S Benker, A Brookhart, MA van der Laan, M Levy, DA AF Colford, JM Wade, TJ Sandhu, SK Wright, CC Lee, S Shaw, S Fox, K Burns, S Benker, A Brookhart, MA van der Laan, M Levy, DA TI A randomized, controlled trial of in-home drinking water intervention to reduce gastrointestinal illness SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Conference of the International-Society-for-Environment-Epidemiology CY SEP 23-26, 2003 CL PERTH, AUSTRALIA SP Int Soc Environm Epidemiol, CommonWealth Dept Hlth & Aged Care, US EPA DE drinking; epidemiologic studies; gastrointestinal diseases; intervention studies; randomized controlled trials; water; water supply ID CRYPTOSPORIDIUM INFECTION; OUTBREAK; CONSUMPTION; MILWAUKEE AB Trials have provided conflicting estimates of the risk of gastrointestinal illness attributable to tap water. To estimate this risk in an Iowa community with a well-run water utility with microbiologically challenged source water, the authors of this 2000-2002 study randomly assigned blinded volunteers to use externally identical devices (active device: 227 households with 646 persons; sham device: 229 households with 650 persons) for 6 months (cycle A). Each group then switched to the opposite device for 6 months (cycle B). The active device contained a 1-mum absolute ceramic filter and used ultraviolet light. Episodes of "highly credible gastrointestinal illness," a published measure of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps, were recorded. Water usage was recorded with personal diaries and an electronic totalizer. The numbers of episodes in cycle A among the active and sham device groups were 707 and 672, respectively; in cycle B, the numbers of episodes were 516 and 476, respectively. In a log-linear generalized estimating equations model using intention-to-treat analysis, the relative rate of highly credible gastrointestinal illness (sham vs. active) for the entire trial was 0.98 (95% confidence interval: 0.86, 1.10). No reduction in gastrointestinal illness was detected after in-home use of a device designed to be highly effective in removing microorganisms from water. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Biol, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Family & Community Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. US EPA, Off Groundwater & Drinking Water, Washington, DC 20460 USA. US EPA, Agcy Natl Homeland Secur Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley Survey Res Ctr, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Colford, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Biol, Ctr Environm & Occupat Hlth, 140 Warren Hall 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jcolford@socrates.berkeley.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU916961] NR 28 TC 43 Z9 50 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 161 IS 5 BP 472 EP 482 DI 10.1093/aje/kwi067 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 899DX UT WOS:000227126200008 PM 15718483 ER PT J AU Zlot, AI Schmid, TL AF Zlot, AI Schmid, TL TI Relationships among community characteristics and walking and bicycling for transportation or recreation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION LA English DT Article DE prevention research; ecological analysis; behavior; local community; physical activity; built environment; geographic location ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ENVIRONMENTS; DETERMINANTS; FACILITIES; OBESITY; DESIGN AB Purpose. Compare walking and bicycling for transportation and recreation with the percentage of the community devoted to parklands. Methods. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 206,992), Nationwide Personal Transportation Survey (N = 409,025), and Trust for Public Land (N = 55) data were used to estimate recreational walking and bicycling, utilitarian walking and bicycling, and parkland as a percentage of city acreage. Data were linked at the metropolitan statistical area or city level (N = 34). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to assess the associations among recreational and utilitarian walking and bicycling and parkland acreage. Results. Utilitarian walking and bicycling and parkland acreage were significantly correlated (r = .62, p < .0001). No significant relationships were observed for leisure time walking or bicycling. Discussion. Communities with more parks had significantly higher levels of walking and bicycling for transportation. Urban design features associated with leisure time physical activity might differ from those associated with transportation-related physical activity. Further studies are needed to articulate the relationships among community attributes and purposes of physical activity. C1 Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Family Hlth, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, DNPA, PAHB, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zlot, AI (reprint author), Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Family Hlth, 800 NE Oregon St,Suite 825, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM amy_zlot@yahoo.com NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC PI KEEGO HARBOR PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA SN 0890-1171 J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT JI Am. J. Health Promot. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 BP 314 EP 317 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 903TY UT WOS:000227449700008 PM 15768927 ER PT J AU Connor, TH Sessink, PJM Harrison, BR Pretty, JR Peters, BG Alfaro, RM Bilos, A Beckmann, G Bing, MR Anderson, LM DeChristoforo, R AF Connor, TH Sessink, PJM Harrison, BR Pretty, JR Peters, BG Alfaro, RM Bilos, A Beckmann, G Bing, MR Anderson, LM DeChristoforo, R TI Surface contamination of chemotherapy drug vials and evaluation of new vial-cleaning techniques: Results of three studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article DE antineoplastic agents; cisplatin; contamination; cyclophosphamide; decontamination; fluorouracil; ifosfamide; injections; manufacturing; pharmacy; vials ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; CLOSED-SYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; PHARMACY TECHNICIANS; HOSPITAL PERSONNEL; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; URINE; IFOSFAMIDE AB Purpose. The results of three studies that describe the external contamination of chemotherapy drug vials are presented. New techniques for the improved decontamination of vials containing cisplatin are also described. Summary. Study 1 evaluated the external contamination of drug vials with cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide in a pharmacy setting. Widespread contamination of the outside of drug vials was found with each drug. Study 2 evaluated the surface contamination of drug vials with cyclophosphamide and fluorouracil in three pharmacies. Sporadic contamination with fluorouracil was detected, while cyclophosphamide was found on most vials. In study 3, investigators compared the decontamination abilities of a standard decontamination procedure at the manufacturer level with an improved decontamination procedure and the use of sleeves to further decrease contamination. Though the methods of each study reported herein differed, the outcomes were similar. All chemotherapy drug vials studied demonstrated levels of contamination with the drug well above the limit of detection. Improved decontamination procedures, combined with the use of protective sleeves, reduced the level of platinum contamination by 90%, suggesting that standard decontamination procedures should be reconsidered. Conclusion. The results of these studies are consistent with several others that have reported contamination of the outside surface of drug vials for a number of chemotherapy drugs. Contamination can be reduced by using decontamination equipment and protective sleeves during the manufacturing process. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Exposure Control BV, Wijchen, Netherlands. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Hematol Oncol Sect, St Louis, MO USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Alvin J Siteman Canc Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. NIH, Clin Pharmacokinet Res Lab, Dept Pharm, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Nijmegen, Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Res Lab Mol Epidemiol, Nijmegen, Netherlands. St Louis Univ, Ctr Canc, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Environm Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Connor, TH (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, MS C-23,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM tmc6@cdc.gov RI Connor, Thomas/B-7937-2011 NR 43 TC 46 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 475 EP 484 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 903UR UT WOS:000227451600013 PM 15745910 ER PT J AU Schuler, CR Kent, MS Deubner, DC Berakis, MT McCawley, M Henneberger, PK Rossman, MD Kreiss, K AF Schuler, CR Kent, MS Deubner, DC Berakis, MT McCawley, M Henneberger, PK Rossman, MD Kreiss, K TI Process-related risk of beryllium sensitization and disease in a copper-beryllium alloy facility SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE beryllium; beryllium sensitization; chronic beryllium disease; copper-beryllium alloy; epidemiology ID LYMPHOCYTE-TRANSFORMATION TEST; PLANT; AGREEMENT AB Background Chronic beryllium disease (CBD), which primarily affects the lungs, occurs in sensitized beryllium-exposed individuals. At a copper-beryllium alloy strip and wire finishing facility we performed a cross-sectional survey to examine prevalences of beryllium sensitization and CBD, and relationships between sensitization and CBD and work areas/processes. Methods Current employees (185) were offered beryllium lymphocyte proliferation testing (BeLPT) for sensitization, clinical evaluation for CBD (if sensitized), and questionnaires. We obtained historical airborne beryllium measurements. Results Participation was 83%. Prevalences of sensitization and CBD were 7% (10/153) and 4% (6/153), respectively; this included employees with abnormal BeLPTs from two laboratories, four diagnosed with CBD during the survey, and one each diagnosed preceding and following the survey. Potential BeLPT laboratory problems were noted; one laboratory was twice as likely to have reported an abnormal result (P < 0.05, all tests), and five times as likely to have reported a borderline or uninterpretable result (P < 0.05, first blood draw and all tests). CBD risk was highest in rod and wire production (P < 0. 05), where air levels were highest. Conclusions Sensitization and CBD were associated with an area in which beryllium air levels exceeded 0.2 mug/m(3), and not with areas where this level was rarely exceeded. Employees at this copper-beryllium alloy facility had similar prevalences of sensitization and CBD as workers at facilities with higher beryllium air levels. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, FSB, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Brush Wellman Inc, Elmore, OH USA. Univ Penn, Med Ctr, Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Div, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Schuler, CR (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, FSB, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 2800, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM cschuler@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 74 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 195 EP 205 DI 10.1002/ajim.20140 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 903UF UT WOS:000227450400002 PM 15712254 ER PT J AU Daniels, RD Kubale, TL Spitz, HB AF Daniels, RD Kubale, TL Spitz, HB TI Radiation exposure from work-related medical X-rays at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE X-rays; medical surveillance; photofluorography; bone marrow; radiation; occupational exposure; dose AB Background Previous analyses suggest that worker radiation dose may be significantly increased by routine occupational X-ray examinations. Medical exposures are investigatedfor 570 civilian workers employed at the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNS) at Kittery, Maine. The research objective was to determine the radiation exposure contribution of work-related chest X-rays (WRX) relative to conventional workplace radiation sources. Methods Methods were developed to estimate absorbed doses to the active (hematopoietic) bone marrow from X-ray examinations and workplace exposures using data extracted from worker dosimetry records (8,468) and health records (2,453). Dose distributions were examined for radiation and non-radiation workers. Results Photofluorographic chest examinations resulted in 82% of the dose from medical sources. Radiation workers received 26% of their collective dose from WRX and received 66% more WRX exposure than non-radiation workers. Conclusions WRX can result in a significant fraction of the total dose, especially for radiation workers who were more likely to be subjected to routine medical monitoring. Omission of WRX from the total dose is a likely source of bias that can lead to dose category misclassification and may skew the epidemiologic dose-response assessment for cancers induced by the workplace. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Daniels, RD (reprint author), 5555 Ridge Ave,R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45213 USA. EM RTD2@CDC.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 206 EP 216 DI 10.1002/ajim.20141 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 903UF UT WOS:000227450400003 PM 15712259 ER PT J AU Greene, CM Van Beneden, CA Javadi, M Skoff, TH Beall, B Facklam, R Abercrombie, DR Kramer, SL Arnold, KE AF Greene, CM Van Beneden, CA Javadi, M Skoff, TH Beall, B Facklam, R Abercrombie, DR Kramer, SL Arnold, KE TI Cluster of deaths from group A streptococcus in a long-term care facility - Georgia, 2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID NURSING-HOME; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAKS; DISEASE; PREVENTION AB Background: Invasive group A streptococcus (GAS) affects approximately 10,500 persons annually; I in 5 patients 65 years die. In August 2001, CDC investigated a cluster of GAS deaths in a Georgia long-term care facility (LTCF). Methods: We screened LTCF residents and staff for GAS carriage and conducted a retrospective cohort study among residents. We defined a case as GAS isolation associated with clinical infection. Results: Eight cases were identified (median age: 79 years); 6 (75%) patients died. Carriage was similar in residents (10%) and staff (9%). All isolates among residents and 63% among staff were type emm77. Risk factors for GAS disease or carriage among residents were receiving skin treatment (relative risk [RR] = 4.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9-11.0) and having an infected or colonized roommate (RR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.10-5.0). No wound care nurse carried GAS. interventions included education about standardized infection control guidelines and appropriate hand hygiene; carriers were treated with antibiotics. No subsequent GAS cases were identified in the following year. Conclusions: Transmission of GAS in this outbreak likely occurred during wound care and ended with improved hand hygiene. This investigation highlights additional research and policy needs for control of severe GAS infections among the high-risk LTCF population. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Rome Dist Hlth Dept, Rome, Italy. RP Greene, CM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop D65,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cqg4@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD MAR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 108 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.ajic.2004.07.009 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 904YR UT WOS:000227535000007 PM 15761411 ER PT J AU Schulte, PA Stephenson, CM Okun, AH Palassis, J Biddle, E AF Schulte, PA Stephenson, CM Okun, AH Palassis, J Biddle, E TI Integrating occupational safety and health information into vocational and technical education and other workforce preparation programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The high rates of injury among young workers are a pressing public health issue, especially given the demand of the job market for new workers. Young and new workers experience the highest rates of occupational injuries of any age group. Incorporating occupational safety and health (OSH) information into the more than 20000 vocational and other workforce preparation programs in the United States might provide a mechanism for reducing work-related injuries and illnesses among young and new workers. We assessed the status of including OSH information or training in workforce preparation programs and found there is an inconsistent emphasis on OSH information. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-C14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM pas4@cdc.gov NR 40 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 404 EP 411 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.047241 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 918AR UT WOS:000228511100017 PM 15727967 ER PT J AU Salmon, DA Omer, SB Moulton, LH Stokley, S deHart, P Lett, S Norman, B Teret, S Halsey, NA AF Salmon, DA Omer, SB Moulton, LH Stokley, S deHart, P Lett, S Norman, B Teret, S Halsey, NA TI Exemptions to school immunization requirements: The role of school-level requirements, policies, and procedures SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PHILOSOPHICAL EXEMPTIONS; UNITED-STATES; MEASLES; LAWS AB Objectives. Our goal was to determine whether school-level variability in implementation of immunization requirements is associated with the likelihood of a child having received an exemption to school immunization requirements. Methods. We surveyed 1000 school immunization personnel in Colorado, Massachusetts, Missouri, and Washington. We explored associations between school implementation of immunization requirements and the likelihood of a child having an exemption using logistic regression models. Results: School policies associated with an increased likelihood of children having exemptions included lack of provision of written instructions for completing the school immunization requirement before enrollment, administrative procedures making it easier to claim an exemption, and granting of philosophical exemptions. In the 2 states we surveyed where philosophical exemptions are not authorized (Massachusetts and Missouri), 17.0% and 18.1% of schools reported permitting philosophical exemptions. Conclusions. Inconsistencies in the interpretation and implementation of school immunization laws contribute to variability in rates of exemptions. School policies should be reviewed to ensure consistency with the intent of state laws. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Immunizat Program, Olympia, WA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Immunizat Program, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Salmon, DA (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Vaccine Safety, 615 N Wolfe St,Room W5034, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dsalmon@jhsph.edu RI Omer, Saad/K-1182-2012; OI Omer, Saad/0000-0002-5383-3474; Moulton, Lawrence/0000-0001-7041-7387 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R06/CCR318684-01] NR 10 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 436 EP 440 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.046201 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 918AR UT WOS:000228511100023 PM 15727973 ER PT J AU Nelson, TF Naimi, TS Brewer, RD Wechsler, H AF Nelson, TF Naimi, TS Brewer, RD Wechsler, H TI The state sets the rate: The relationship among state-specific college binge drinking, state binge drinking rates, and selected state alcohol control policies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE FATALITIES; RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; HARVARD-SCHOOL; NATIONAL SURVEY; OUTLET DENSITY; STUDENTS; HEALTH; AGE; INTERVENTIONS; CONSEQUENCES AB Objectives. We assessed the relationship between college binge drinking, binge drinking in the general population, and selected alcohol control policies. Methods. We analyzed binge drinking rates from 2 national surveys, the Harvard School of Public Health College Alcohol Study and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Binge drinking data were linked to a summary measure of 7 salient alcohol control policies and a rating of resources devoted to law enforcement. Results. State-level college and adult binge drinking rates were strongly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.43; P <.01). Attending college in states. with the lowest binge drinking rates (adjusted odds ratio [OR]=0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.41, 0.97) and presence of more stringent alcohol control policies (adjusted OR=0.57; 95% CI=0.33, 0.97) were independent predictors of student binge drinking, after adjusting for state law enforcement and individual-, college-, and state-level covariates. Conclusions. State of residence is a predictor of binge drinking by college students. State-level alcohol control policies may help reduce binge drinking among college students and in the general population. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Landmark Ctr, Hlth Coll Alcohol Study, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Alcohol Team,Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Bra, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Coll Alcohol Study, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Nelson, TF (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Landmark Ctr, Hlth Coll Alcohol Study, Rm 445-B,401 Pk Dr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM tnelson@hsph.harvard.edu OI Nelson, Toben/0000-0001-9934-7546 NR 65 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 441 EP 446 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2004.043810 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 918AR UT WOS:000228511100024 PM 15727974 ER PT J AU Chang, J Berg, CJ Saltzman, LE Herndon, J AF Chang, J Berg, CJ Saltzman, LE Herndon, J TI Homicide: A leading cause of injury deaths among pregnant and postpartum women in the United States, 1991-1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; PRENATAL-CARE; ABUSE; VIOLENCE; INTERVENTION; SURVEILLANCE; PREVENTION; HEALTH; RISK; CITY AB Objectives. We identified risk factors for pregnancy-associated homicide (women who died as a result of homicide during or within 1 year of pregnancy) in the United States from 1991 to 1999. Methods. Pregnancy-associated homicides were analyzed with data from the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Results. Six hundred seventeen (8.4%) homicide deaths were reported to the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System. The pregnancy-associated homicide ratio was 1.7 per 100 000 live births. Risk factors included age younger than 20 years, Black race, and late or no prenatal care. Firearms were the leading mechanism for homicide (56.6%). Conclusions. Homicide is a leading cause of pregnancy-associated injury deaths. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-21, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jchang@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 471 EP 477 DI 10.2105/AJPH.2003.029868 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 918AR UT WOS:000228511100029 PM 15727979 ER PT J AU Levy, MM Baylor, MS Bernard, GR Fowler, R Franks, TJ Hayden, FG Helfand, R Lapinsky, SE Martin, TR Niederman, MS Rubenfeld, GD Slutsky, AS Stewart, TE Styrt, BA Thompson, BT Harabin, AL AF Levy, MM Baylor, MS Bernard, GR Fowler, R Franks, TJ Hayden, FG Helfand, R Lapinsky, SE Martin, TR Niederman, MS Rubenfeld, GD Slutsky, AS Stewart, TE Styrt, BA Thompson, BT Harabin, AL TI Clinical issues and research in respiratory failure from severe acute respiratory syndrome SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE acute lung injury; acute respiratory distress syndrome; infectious disease ID CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; MECHANICALLY VENTILATED PATIENTS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; SARS-ASSOCIATED CORONAVIRUS; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; ACUTE LUNG INJURY; DISTRESS-SYNDROME; INTERFERON-ALPHA; GASTROESOPHAGEAL-REFLUX; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM AB The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, along with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, convened a panel to develop recommendations for treatment, prevention, and research for respiratory failure from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and other newly emerging infections. The clinical and pathological features of acute lung injury (ALI) from SARS appear indistinguishable from ALI from other causes. The mainstay of treatments for ALI remains supportive. Patients with ALI from SARS who require mechanical ventilation should receive a lung protective, low tidal volume strategy. Adjuvant treatments recommended include prevention of venous thromboembolism, stress ulcer prophylaxis, and semirecumbent positioning during ventilation. Based on previous experience in Canada, infection control resources and protocols were recommended. Leadership structure, communication, training, and morale are an essential aspect of SAIRS management. A multicenter, placebo-controlled trial of corticosteroids for late SARS is justified because of widespread clinical use and uncertainties about relative risks and benefits. Studies of combined pathophysiologic endpoints were recommended, with mortality as a secondary endpoint. The group recommended preparation for studies, including protocols, ethical considerations, Web-based registries, and data entry systems. C1 NHLBI, Div Lung Dis, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brown Univ, Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02903 USA. US FDA, Div Antiviral Drug Prod, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Pulm & Mediastinal Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Internal Med, Charlottesville, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. VA Puget Sound Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Seattle, WA USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Med, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Dept Pulm & Crit Care Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Pulm & Crit Care Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Sunnybrook & Womens Coll Hlth Sci Ctr, Interdept Div Crit Care Med, Toronto, ON, Canada. Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Crit Care Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. St Michaels Hosp, Dept Med, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. St Michaels Hosp, Dept Crit Care, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada. RP Harabin, AL (reprint author), NHLBI, Div Lung Dis, NIH, 6,701 Rockledge Dr,Room 10018, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM harabin@nih.gov RI Slutsky, Arthur/A-6013-2008; Lapinsky, Stephen/C-4624-2015 OI Slutsky, Arthur/0000-0002-6063-3876; Lapinsky, Stephen/0000-0002-6930-0306 NR 84 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 171 IS 5 BP 518 EP 526 DI 10.1164/rccm.200405-621WS PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 900EF UT WOS:000227197500016 PM 15591472 ER PT J AU Bueno, EC Scheel, CM Vaz, AJ Machado, LR Livramento, JA Takayanagui, OM Tsang, VCW Hancock, K AF Bueno, EC Scheel, CM Vaz, AJ Machado, LR Livramento, JA Takayanagui, OM Tsang, VCW Hancock, K TI Application of synthetic 8-kD and recombinant GP50 antigens in the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT ASSAY; TAENIA-SOLIUM; GLYCOSYLPHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL ANCHOR; CYSTICERCOSIS; DISEASE; GLYCOPROTEINS; ANTIBODIES; OPTIMIZATION; EXPRESSION; INFECTION AB The gold standard serodiagnostic assay for cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis, diseases caused by the metacestode of Taenia solium, uses lentil lectin-purified glycoprotein (LLGP) in a Western blot assay. We tested two antigens derived from LLGP, synthetic TS18var1 (sTS18var1) and recombinant GP50 antigen (rGP50), in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. The sensitivity for serum and CSF was 94.7% and 100% for rGP50 and 90.4% and 90.2% for sTS18var1, respectively. The specificity for serum and CSF samples was 93.8% and 100% for rGP50 and 90.3% and 98.0% for sTS18var1, respectively. The use of these antigens individually or combined as a diagnostic antigen cocktail eliminates the need for purification of antigens from parasite material and offers the advantage of using a simple and quantitative ELISA format. C1 Univ Vale Itajai, Fac Pharm, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Pharm, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. RP Bueno, EC (reprint author), Univ Vale Itajai, Fac Pharm, Santa Catarina, Brazil. EM ecbueno@ccs.univali.br RI Takayanagui, Osvaldo/C-8159-2013 OI Takayanagui, Osvaldo/0000-0002-8190-0275 NR 40 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 BP 278 EP 283 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 907XS UT WOS:000227752100010 PM 15772321 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Lopez, B Mury, MA Wilson, M Klein, R Luby, S Maguire, JH AF Jones, JL Lopez, B Mury, MA Wilson, M Klein, R Luby, S Maguire, JH TI Toxoplasma gondii infection in rural Guatemalan children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN BRAZIL; PREVALENCE; COHORT; RATIOS; PANAMA; GOATS; CATS; RISK AB To determine the prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in Guatemalan children, in 1999 and 2003 we surveyed caretakers and serologically tested children in the San Juan Sacatepequez area using Platelia Toxo IgG TMB enzyme immunoassay kits. In 1999, of 532 children six months to two years old, 66 (12.4%) were antibody positive. In 2003, in 500 children 3-10 years old antibody prevalence increased from 24% to 43% at age five years then leveled off. By multivariate analysis, drinking well water (relative risk [RR] = 1.78, 95% confidence limit [CL] = 1.00, 3.17, P = 0.05) and not cleaning up cat feces (RR = 2.06, 95% CL = 1.00, 4.28, P = 0.05) increased the risk of T. gondii seropositivity. Most T. gondii infections in children from these villages occurred by age five, but half were still not infected by adolescence. Therefore, it is important to educate girls entering child-bearing age about the risks of acute T gondii infection and the local risk factors for infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Valle Guatemala, Med Entomol Res & Training Unit, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlj1@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 BP 295 EP 300 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 907XS UT WOS:000227752100014 PM 15772325 ER PT J AU Tallan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R AF Tallan, DA Moran, GJ Pinner, R TI Update on emerging infections: News from the centers for disease control and prevention SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID IMPORTED LASSA FEVER; MANAGEMENT C1 Temple Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tallan, DA (reprint author), Temple Univ, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3 BP 323 EP 324 DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.12.015 PG 2 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 902MC UT WOS:000227360200016 ER PT J AU Niccolai, LM Kershaw, TS Lewis, JB Cicchetti, DV Ethier, KA Ickovics, JR AF Niccolai, LM Kershaw, TS Lewis, JB Cicchetti, DV Ethier, KA Ickovics, JR TI Data collection for sexually transmitted disease diagnoses: A comparison of self-report, medical record reviews, and state health department reports SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data collection; reproducibility of results; research design; sexually transmitted diseases ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; HIV/STD-PREVENTION; REFERENCE TESTS; NATIONAL-SURVEY; VALIDITY; ADOLESCENTS; INFECTION; RELIABILITY; BEHAVIOR; ERROR AB PURPOSE: To compare three methods of data collection on case ascertainment of past chlamydia or gonorrhea diagnoses. METHODS: Data collection for 361 adolescent females between 1998 and 2000 included: 1) face-to-face interviews; 2) computerized and paper medical record reviews; and 3) chlamydia and gonorrhea reports to the state health department. Statistical methods include latent class and composite reference standard analyses. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of past diagnoses did not differ significantly by data collection method for chlamydia (20.5%, 23.0%, and 19.7% by self-report, medical record reviews, and state health department reports, respectively) or gonorrhea (4.7%, 6.9%, and 5.5%, respectively) during the 2-year study period. The estimated latent class and composite reference standard prevalences for chlamydia were 23.5% and 26.9%, respectively (p = 04 and p < .01 for differences from self-report alone, respectively). For gonorrhea, the estimated latent class and composite reference standard prevalences were 7.8% and 6.9%, respectively (p < .01 for both differences from self-report alone). Kappa scores for self-report compared with the latent class and composite reference standard prevalences ranged from .67 to.80, and the magnitude of under-reporting ranged from 21% to 47%. CONCLUSIONS: The similar case ascertainment from the three sources separately and high reliability of self-report, coupled with its feasibility and low cost, suggest that self-report is a viable data collection method for STD diagnoses. However, using multiple sources may be preferable when time and resources permit given that under-reporting by self-report is likely to occur (particularly for gonorrhea) and that greater case ascertainment can be achieved. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Interdisciplinary Res Ctr AIDS, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Child Study Ctr, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Niccolai, LM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Sch Med, 60 Coll St,POB 208034, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM linda.niccolai@yale.edu FU NIMH NIH HHS [P01 MHDA56826, T32 MH20031] NR 27 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 236 EP 242 DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2004.07.093 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 907GU UT WOS:000227705000011 PM 15723771 ER PT J AU Herman, WH Hoerger, TJ Brandle, M Hicks, K Sorensen, S Zhang, P Hamman, RF Ackermann, RT Engelgau, MM Ratner, RE AF Herman, WH Hoerger, TJ Brandle, M Hicks, K Sorensen, S Zhang, P Hamman, RF Ackermann, RT Engelgau, MM Ratner, RE CA Diabetes Prevention Program Res Gr TI The cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification or metformin in preventing type 2 diabetes in adults with impaired glucose tolerance SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-PRESSURE CONTROL; CLINICAL-DIAGNOSIS; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; RISK ENGINE; MELLITUS; COMPLICATIONS; THERAPY; PROGRAM; DISEASE; STROKE AB Background: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) demonstrated that interventions can delay or prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. Objective: To estimate the lifetime cost-utility of the DPP interventions. Design: Markov simulation model to estimate progression of disease, costs, and quality of life. Data Sources: The DPP and published reports. Target Population: Members of the DPP cohort 25 years of age or older with impaired glucose tolerance. Time Horizon: Lifetime. Perspectives: Health system and societal. Interventions: intensive lifestyle, metformin, and placebo interventions as implemented in the DPP. Outcome Measures: Cumulative incidence of diabetes, microvascular and neuropathic complications, cardiovascular complications, survival, direct medical and direct nonmedical costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and cost per QALY. Results of Base-Case Analysis: Compared with the placebo intervention, the lifestyle and metformin interventions were estimated to delay the development of type 2 diabetes by 11 and 3 years, respectively, and to reduce the absolute incidence of diabetes by 20% and 8%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of microvascular, neuropathic, and cardiovascular complications were reduced and survival was improved by 0.5 and 0.2 years. Compared with the placebo intervention, the cost per QALY was approximately $1100 for the lifestyle intervention and $31300 for the metformin intervention. From a societal perspective, the interventions cost approximately $8800 and $29 900 per QALY, respectively. From both perspectives, the lifestyle intervention dominated the metformin intervention. Results of Sensitivity Analysis: Cost-effectiveness improved when the interventions were implemented as they might be in routine clinical practice. The lifestyle intervention was cost-effective in all age groups. The metformin intervention did not represent good use of resources for persons older than 65 years of age. Limitations: Simulation results depend on the accuracy of the underlying assumptions, including participant adherence. Conclusions: Health policy should promote diabetes prevention in high-risk individuals. C1 RTI Int, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Michigan, Hlth Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Medstar Res Inst, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Herman, WH (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Ctr Biostat, Diabet Prevent Program Coordinating Ctr, 6100 Execut Blvd,Suite 750, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM dppmail@biostat.bsc.gwu.edu FU NIDDK NIH HHS [U01 DK048489-06, U01 DK048489] NR 41 TC 329 Z9 335 U1 5 U2 39 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 142 IS 5 BP 323 EP 332 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 902BB UT WOS:000227325100002 PM 15738451 ER PT J AU McMahon, BJ Bruden, DL Petersen, KM Bulkow, LR Parkinson, AJ Nainan, O Khristova, M Zanis, C Peters, H Margolis, HS AF McMahon, BJ Bruden, DL Petersen, KM Bulkow, LR Parkinson, AJ Nainan, O Khristova, M Zanis, C Peters, H Margolis, HS TI Antibody levels and protection after hepatitis B vaccination: Results of a 15-year follow-up SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID YUPIK ESKIMO POPULATION; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; LONG-TERM EFFICACY; VIRUS-INFECTION; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; CHILDHOOD VACCINATION; ALASKA NATIVES; CHILDREN; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFANTS AB Background: The duration of protection afforded by hepatitis B vaccination is unknown. Objective: To determine antibody persistence and protection from hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: 15 villages in southwest Alaska. Participants: 1578 Alaska Natives vaccinated at age 6 months or older. Intervention: During 1981-1982, participants received 3 doses of plasma-derived hepatitis 8 vaccine. This cohort was followed annually over the first 11 years, and 841 (53%) persons were tested at 15 years. Measurements: Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), markers of HBV infection, and testing to identify HBV variants. Results: Levels of anti-HBs in the cohort decreased from a geometric mean concentration of 822 mIU/mL after vaccination to 27 mIU/mL at 15 years. Initial anti-HBs level, older age at vaccination, and male sex were associated with persistence of higher anti-HBs levels at 15 years when analyzed by a longitudinal linear mixed model. After adjustment for initial anti-HBs level and sex, those vaccinated at age 6 months to 4 years had the lowest anti-HBs level at 15 years. Asymptomatic breakthrough infections were detected in 16 participants and occurred more frequently in persons who did not respond to vaccination than those who responded (P = 0.01). Among infected persons with viremia, 2 were infected with wild-type HBV and 4 had HBV surface glycoprotein variants, generally accompanied by wild-type HBV. Limitations: The loss of participants to follow-up at 15 years was 47%. However, characteristics of persons tested were similar to those of persons lost to follow-up. Conclusions: Hepatitis B vaccination strongly protected against infection for at least 15 years in all age groups. Antibody levels decreased the most among persons immunized at 4 years of age or younger. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McMahon, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM bdm9@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU022279] NR 38 TC 169 Z9 178 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 142 IS 5 BP 333 EP 341 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 902BB UT WOS:000227325100003 PM 15738452 ER PT J AU Welsh, KJ Barlow, M Tenover, FC Biddle, JW Rasheed, JK Clark, LA McGowan, JE AF Welsh, KJ Barlow, M Tenover, FC Biddle, JW Rasheed, JK Clark, LA McGowan, JE TI Experimental prediction of the evolution of ceftazidime resistance in the CTX-M-2 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; NATURAL EVOLUTION; ENZYMES AB We applied in vitro evolution to an Escherichia coli strain containing bla(CTX-M-2) and obtained 10 independent mutant bla(CTX-M-2) alleles that confer elevated resistance to ceftazidime (MIC greater than or equal to 32 mug/ml) but lost the ability to confer resistance to cefepime. All alleles had a Pro-to-Ser substitution at position 167. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barlow, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd,Rm L-21, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM mbarlow@sph.emory.edu RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 49 IS 3 BP 1242 EP 1244 DI 10.1128/AAC.49.3.1242-1244.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 902FJ UT WOS:000227339500063 PM 15728940 ER PT J AU Kinney, R Huang, C Rose, B Kroeker, A Iversen, P Stein, D AF Kinney, R Huang, C Rose, B Kroeker, A Iversen, P Stein, D TI Inhibition of Dengue virus serotypes 1-4 in cell culture with morpholino oligomers SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 18th International Conference on Antiviral Research CY APR 11-14, 2005 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Int Soc Antiviral Res C1 CDC, Ft Collins, CO USA. AVI Biopharma Inc, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 65 IS 3 BP A87 EP A87 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 911GF UT WOS:000227989900140 ER PT J AU Jiang, JL Alderisio, KA Singh, A Xiao, LH AF Jiang, JL Alderisio, KA Singh, A Xiao, LH TI Development of procedures for direct extraction of Cryptosporidium DNA from water concentrates and for relief of PCR inhibitors SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; REAL-TIME PCR; BOVINE SERUM-ALBUMIN; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; PARVUM OOCYSTS; ENVIRONMENTAL-SAMPLES; NESTED-PCR; AMPLIFICATION; SOIL; QUANTIFICATION AB Extraction of high-quality DNA is a key step in PCR detection of Cryptosporidium and other pathogens in environmental samples. Currently, Cryptosporidium oocysts in water samples have to be purified from water concentrates before DNA is extracted. This study compared the effectiveness of six DNA extraction methods (DNA extraction with the QIAamp DNA minikit after oocyst purification with immunomagnetic separation and direct DNA extraction methods using the FastDNA SPIN kit for soil, QIAamp DNA stool minikit, UltraClean soil kit, or QIAamp DNA minikit and the traditional phenol-chloroform technique) for the detection of Cryptosporidium with oocyst-seeded samples, DNA-spiked samples, and field water samples. The study also evaluated the effects of different PCR facilitators (nonacetylated bovine serum albumin, the T4 gene 32 protein, and polyvinylpyrrolidone) and treatments (the use of GeneReleaser or ultrafiltration) for the relief from or removal of inhibitors of PCR amplification. The results of seeding and spiking studies showed that PCR inhibitors were presented in all DNA solutions extracted by the six methods. However, the effect of PCR inhibitors could be relieved significantly by the addition of 400 ng of bovine serum albumin/mu l or 25 ng of T4 gene 32 protein/mu l to the PCR mixture. With the inclusion of bovine serum albumin in the PCR mixture, DNA extracted with the FastDNA SPIN kit for soil without oocyst isolation resulted in PCR performance similar to that produced by the QIAamp DNA minikit after oocysts were purified by immunomagnetic separation. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. New York City Dept Environm Protect, Valhalla, NY USA. City Milwaukee Publ Hlth Labs, Milwaukee, WI USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop F-12,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lax0@cdc.gov RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 37 TC 143 Z9 151 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 1135 EP 1141 DI 10.1128/AEM.71.3.1135-1141.2005 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 907GC UT WOS:000227702900003 PM 15746310 ER PT J AU Miller, WG Myers, GL Ashwood, ER Killeen, AA Wang, E Thienpont, LM Siekmann, L AF Miller, WG Myers, GL Ashwood, ER Killeen, AA Wang, E Thienpont, LM Siekmann, L TI Creatinine measurement - State of the art in accuracy and interlaboratory harmonization SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT; CANDIDATE REFERENCE METHODS; DETERMINING TARGET VALUES; CLINICAL-CHEMISTRY; REFERENCE LABORATORIES; ASSESSMENT SCHEMES; DEFINITIVE METHODS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN-SERUM; URIC-ACID AB Context.-The National Kidney Disease Education Program recommends calculating glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine concentration. Accurate creatinine measurements are necessary for this calculation. Objective.-To,evaluate the state of the art in measuring serum creatinine, as-well as the ability of a proficiency testing program to measure bias for individual laboratories and method peer groups. Design.-A fresh-frozen, off-the-clot pooled serum specimen plus 4 conventional specimens were sent to participants in the College of American Pathologists Chemistry Survey for assay of creatinine. Creatinine concentrations were assigned by isotope dilution mass spectrometry reference measurement procedures. Participants.-Clinical laboratories with an acceptable result for all 5 survey specimens (n = 5624). Results.-The fresh frozen serum (FFS) specimen had a creatinine concentration of 0.902 mg/dL (79.7 mumol/L). Mean bias for 50 instrument-method peer groups varied from -0.06 to 0.31 mg/dL (-5.3 to 27.4 mumol/L), with 30 (60%) of 50 peer groups having significant bias (P < .001). The bias variability was related to instrument manufacturer (P less than or equal to .001) rather than method type (P = .02) with 24 (63%) of 38 alkaline picric acid methods and with 6 (50%) of 12 enzymatic methods having significant biases. Two conventional specimens had creatinine concentrations of 0.795 and 2.205 mg/dL (70.3 and 194.9 mumol/L) and had apparent survey biases significantly different (P < .001) from that of the FFS specimen for 34 (68%) and 35 (70%) of 50 peer groups, respectively. Conclusions.-Thirty of 50 peer groups had significant bias for creatinine. Bias was primarily associated with instrument manufacturer, not with type of method used. Proficiency testing using a commutable specimen measured participant bias versus a reference measurement procedure and provided trueness surveillance of instrument-method peer groups. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Utah, ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Coll Amer Pathologists, Northfield, IL USA. State Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Univ Bonn, Inst Clin Biochem, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. RP Miller, WG (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, POB 980286, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM gmiller@vcu.edu RI Killeen, Anthony/E-4697-2010 OI Killeen, Anthony/0000-0003-1629-9468 NR 22 TC 143 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 4 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 129 IS 3 BP 297 EP 304 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 903SL UT WOS:000227445800004 PM 15737021 ER PT J AU Artz, L Macaluso, M Kelaghan, J Austin, H Fleenor, M Robey, L Hook, EW Brill, I AF Artz, L Macaluso, M Kelaghan, J Austin, H Fleenor, M Robey, L Hook, EW Brill, I TI An intervention to promote the female condom to sexually transmitted disease clinic patients SO BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted diseases; HIV and AIDS prevention; women; female condoms; condom promotion; behavioral intervention ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS-INFECTION; HIGH-RISK; PREVENTION; HIV; ACCEPTABILITY AB This article describes a 1-hour behavioural intervention designed to promote female condoms and safer sex to women at a high risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The intervention includes a promotional videotape: a skills-oriented counseling session with a nurse clinician; assorted take-home items. including a videotape for men; and free supplies of female and male condoms. Designed for women ages 18 to 34 attending public STD clinics, the intervention is developed using a systematic process of formative evaluation influenced by principles of social marketing and drawing on the social cognitive theory. The effect of the intervention on female and male condom use is evaluated using a pretest-posttest design with 1, 159 women. Most elements of the intervention could be replicated in settings other than STD clinics and delivered by persons other than nurse clinicians. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), CDCP, Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mumO@cdc.gov RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-1-3135]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU409679-02] NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0145-4455 J9 BEHAV MODIF JI Behav. Modificat. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 318 EP 369 DI 10.1177/0145445504272605 PG 52 WC Psychology, Clinical SC Psychology GA 895JC UT WOS:000226856000005 PM 15657413 ER PT J AU Lyles, RH Williamson, JM Lin, HM Heilig, CM AF Lyles, RH Williamson, JM Lin, HM Heilig, CM TI Extending McNemar's test: Estimation and inference when paired binary outcome data are misclassified SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE design efficiency; paired-data odds ratio; repeated measures; validation ID EPIDEMIOLOGY RESEARCH; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; DIAGNOSTIC-TESTS; MATCHED-PAIR; ODDS RATIOS; PROPORTIONS; DESIGNS; COHORT AB McNemar's test is popular for assessing the difference between proportions when two observations are taken on each experimental unit. It is useful under a variety of epidemiological study designs that produce correlated binary outcomes. In studies involving outcome ascertainment, cost or feasibility concerns often lead researchers to employ error-prone surrogate diagnostic tests. Assuming an available gold standard diagnostic method, we address point and confidence interval estimation of the true difference in proportions and the paired-data odds ratio by incorporating external or internal validation data. We distinguish two special cases, depending on whether it is reasonable to assume that the diagnostic test properties remain the same for both assessments (e.g., at baseline and at follow-up). Likelihood-based analysis yields closed-form estimates when validation data are external and requires numeric optimization when they are internal. The latter approach offers important advantages in terms of robustness and efficient odds ratio estimation. We consider internal validation study designs geared toward optimizing efficiency given a fixed cost allocated for measurements. Two motivating examples are presented, using gold standard and surrogate bivariate binary diagnoses of bacterial vaginosis (BV) on women participating in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS). C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Penn State Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. RP Lyles, RH (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM rlyles@sph.emory.edu RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008 OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 FU AHRQ HHS [R03 HS11452]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59601-01]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES012458]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU506831] NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 61 IS 1 BP 287 EP 294 DI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2005.040135.x PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 905NX UT WOS:000227576600034 PM 15737105 ER PT J AU Hooven, LA Mahadevan, B Keshava, C Johns, C Pereira, C Desai, D Amin, S Weston, A Baird, WM AF Hooven, LA Mahadevan, B Keshava, C Johns, C Pereira, C Desai, D Amin, S Weston, A Baird, WM TI Effects of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and trichostatin A on induction of cytochrome P450 enzymes and benzo[a]pyrene DNA adduct formation in human cells SO BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HISTONE DEACETYLASE INHIBITOR; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR-ALPHA; BREAST-CANCER CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RAT HEPATOCYTES; MCF-7; CYP1A1; THIOREDOXIN AB In this study, we investigated the effects of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and trichostatin A (TSA) on the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in human mammary carcinoma derived MCF-7 cells in culture. Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) induces cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, CYP1B1 and other xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Results from our study indicated a significant increase in CYP activity in comparison to vehicle control in cells treated with SAHA or TSA as measured by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase assay. However, co-treatment with 1.0 mu M SAHA and BP, reduced the mRNA levels of CYP1B1 relative to B[a]P alone. When co-treated with 1.0 mu M TSA and BP, a reduction in the mRNA levels of both CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was observed relative to BP alone. We further investigated to ascertain if the differential expression and activity of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 influenced levels of B[a]P DNA adduct formation. MCF-7 cells co-treated with B[a]P and SAHA or TSA formed DNA adducts, although no significant differences in levels of DNA binding were revealed. These results suggest that while CYP enzyme activity and gene expression were affected by the HDAC inhibitors SAHA and TSA, they had no apparent influence on B[a]P DNA binding. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Stat, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Amer Hlth Fdn, Ctr Canc, Inst Canc Prevent, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. RP Baird, WM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Biochem & Biophys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM william.baird@orst.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA28825]; NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES00210] NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0960-894X J9 BIOORG MED CHEM LETT JI Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 15 IS 5 BP 1283 EP 1287 DI 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.01.032 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Organic SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 902QG UT WOS:000227371000002 PM 15713371 ER PT J AU Williams, LJ Kucik, JE Alverson, CJ Olney, RS Correa, A AF Williams, LJ Kucik, JE Alverson, CJ Olney, RS Correa, A TI Epidemiology of gastroschisis in Metropolitan Atlanta, 1968 through 2000 SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Pediatric-and-Perinatal-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 10-11, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA SP Soc Pediat & Perinatal Epidemiol Res DE gastroschisis; abdominal wall defect; maternal age; MACDP ID ABDOMINAL-WALL DEFECTS; SMALL-INTESTINAL ATRESIA; BIRTH-DEFECTS; RISK-FACTORS; OMPHALOMESENTERIC ARTERY; CONGENITAL-DEFECTS; PREGNANCY; SURVEILLANCE; ASSOCIATION; OMPHALOCELE AB BACKGROUND: An increase in the rate of gastroschisis has been documented by birth defects surveillance systems in the United States and in other countries. This study sought to evaluate historical trends in the rate of gastroschisis in Atlanta, Georgia, and to describe the epidemiology of gastroschisis over 33 years. METHODS: Gastroschisis cases were identified through the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) from 1968 through 2000. Poisson regression techniques were used to evaluate trends over time. Data on covariates were compared for three maternal age groups (<= 19, 20-24, and >= 25 years). RESULTS: From 1968 through 1975, the rate of gastroschisis was stable at 0.8 per 10,000 births. After 1975, the rate of gastroschisis was 2.3 per 10,000 births with no significant increase observed from 1976 through 2000. The rate of gastroschisis was six times higher among teenage mothers compared with mothers >= 25 years of age. Affected infants born to teenage mothers were less likely to be born to Black mothers compared to White mothers (rate ratio [RR], 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-0.6). This was also true for mothers 20-24 years of age (RR, 0.5; 95% Cl, 0.3-0.8) but not for mothers 25 years of age or older (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 0.9-2.7). CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the rate of gastroschisis was observed in the mid-1970s, but no temporal trend has been observed since that time. In light of recent reports of an increasing prevalence of gastroschisis in the United States, continued monitoring of this birth defect is warranted. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kucik, JE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ezk9@cdc.gov NR 39 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1542-9768 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 73 IS 3 BP 177 EP 183 DI 10.1002/bdra.20114 PG 7 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 912AJ UT WOS:000228049200009 PM 15744732 ER PT J AU Baccarelli, A Pesatori, AC Consonni, D Mocarelli, P Patterson, DG Caporaso, NE Bertazzi, PA Landi, MT AF Baccarelli, A Pesatori, AC Consonni, D Mocarelli, P Patterson, DG Caporaso, NE Bertazzi, PA Landi, MT TI Health status and plasma dioxin levels in chloracne cases 20 years after the Seveso, Italy accident SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE age; chloracne; dermatotoxicity; hair colour; tetrachlorodibenzodioxin ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; HALF-LIFE; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; TCDD; VETERANS; DIBENZOFURANS; INTOXICATION; EMPHASIS; WORKERS; SERUM AB Background The Seveso, Italy accident of 1976 exposed a large population to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or simply dioxin). The accident resulted, mostly among children, in one of the largest ever-reported outbreaks of chloracne, the typical skin disorder due to halogenated-hydrocarbon compounds. Objectives Approximately 20 years after the accident, we conducted an epidemiological study in Seveso to investigate (a) the health status of chloracne cases; (b) TCDD-chloracne exposure-response relationship; and (c) factors modifying TCDD toxicity. Methods From 1993 to 1998, we recruited 101 chloracne cases and 211 controls. Trained interviewers administered a structured questionnaire assessing, among other epidemiological variables, information on an extensive list of diseases. During the interview, individual pigmentary characteristics were determined. We measured plasma TCDD levels using high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results Plasma TCDD was still elevated (> 10 ppt) in 78 (26.6%) of the 293 subjects with adequate plasma samples, particularly in females, in subjects who had eaten home-grown animals, and in individuals with older age, higher body mass index and residence near the accident site. After 20 years, health conditions of chloracne cases were similar to those of controls from the Seveso area. Elevated plasma TCDD was associated with chloracne [odds ratio (OR) = 3.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-8.8, adjusted for age, sex and residence]. Chloracne risk was higher in subjects younger than 8 years at the accident (OR = 7.4, 95% CI 1.8-30.3) and, contrary to previous hypotheses, did not increase at puberty onset or in teenage years. Subjects with elevated TCDD levels and light hair colour had higher relative odds of chloracne (OR = 9.2, 95% CI 2.6-32.5). Conclusions Dioxin toxicity in chloracne cases was confined to the acute dermatotoxic effects. Chloracne occurrence appeared related to younger age and light hair colour. Age-related dioxin elimination or dilution must be taken into account in interpreting these results. C1 NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Milan, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Res Ctr Occupat Clin & Environm Epidemiol, EPOCA, Milan, Italy. Univ Milano Bicocca, Dept Lab Med, Desio, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Landi, MT (reprint author), NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 7114, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM landim@mail.nih.gov RI bertazzi, pietro alberto/D-5039-2017; OI bertazzi, pietro alberto/0000-0003-3475-2449; Baccarelli, Andrea/0000-0002-3436-0640; pesatori, angela/0000-0002-0261-3252 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0007-0963 J9 BRIT J DERMATOL JI Br. J. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 152 IS 3 BP 459 EP 465 DI 10.1111/J.1365-2133.2005.06444.X PG 7 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 908FV UT WOS:000227773800008 PM 15787814 ER PT J AU Noji, EK AF Noji, EK TI Estimating population size in emergencies SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID RAPID ASSESSMENT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Noji, EK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Enoji@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 4 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 3 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 907FN UT WOS:000227701300003 PM 15798835 ER PT J AU Sint, TT Dabis, FO Kamenga, C Shaffer, N de Zoysa, IF AF Sint, TT Dabis, FO Kamenga, C Shaffer, N de Zoysa, IF TI Should nevirapine be used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV among women of unknown serostatus? SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE nevirapine/therapeutic use; HIV infections/prevention and control; disease transmission, vertical/prevention and control; health status; pregnancy; risk assessment ID PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PROPHYLAXIS; INTRAPARTUM; ZIDOVUDINE; HIVNET-012; INFANTS; KAMPALA; AFRICA; UGANDA AB At present, HIV testing and counselling during pregnancy represent the key entry point for women to learn their serostatus and for them to access, if they are HIV-positive, specific interventions to reduce mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. However, the provision and uptake of testing and counselling services are inadequate, and many pregnant women in countries most affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic remain unaware of their HIV status. The offer of single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis to women whose HIV status is unknown at the time of delivery has been proposed to circumvent these problems in high-prevalence settings. The potential advantages and disadvantages of three different programme approaches are considered: targeted programmes in which antiretroviral drugs are offered only to women who are known to be HIV-positive; combined programmes in which nevirapine prophylaxis is offered to women whose serostatus remains unknown at the time of delivery despite targeted programme inputs; and universal nevirapine prophylaxis programmes in which HIV testing and counselling are not available and all pregnant women, regardless of their serostatus, are offered nevirapine prophylaxis. C1 WHO, Dept HIV AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Victor Segalen, ISPED, Bordeaux 2, France. Family Hlth Int, HIV AIDS Prevent Dept, Arlington, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MTCt Sect, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Off Assistant Director Gen, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Sint, TT (reprint author), WHO, Dept HIV AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. EM sintt@who.int NR 16 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 3 BP 224 EP 228 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 907FN UT WOS:000227701300014 PM 15798847 ER PT J AU Espey, D Paisano, R Cobb, N AF Espey, D Paisano, R Cobb, N TI Regional patterns and trends in cancer mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990-2001 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE American Indian; Alaska Native; Native American cancer; cancer surveillance ID DEATH CERTIFICATES; MINORITIES; SURVIVAL; ACCURACY AB BACKGROUND. National estimates of cancer mortality indicate relatively low rates for American Indians (AIs) and Alaska Natives (ANs). However, these rates are derived from state vital records in which racial misclassification is known to exist. METHODS. In this cross-sectional study of cancer rnortality among AIs and ANs living in counties on or near reservations, the authors used death records and census population estimates to calculate annualized, age-adjusted mortality rates for key cancer types for the period 1996-2001 for 5 geographic regions: East (E), Northern Plains (NP), Southwest (SW), Pacific Coast (PC), and Alaska (AK). Mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) also were calculated to compare rates with those in the general United States population (USG) for the same period. To examine temporal trends, MRRs for 1996-2001 were compared with MMRs for 1990-1995. RESULTS. The overall cancer mortality rate was lower in AIs and ANs (165.6 per 100,000 population; 95% CI, 161.7-169.5) than in the USG (200.9 per 100,000 population; 95% CI, 200.7-201.2). In the regional analysis, however, cancer mortality was higher in AK (MRR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17-1.36) and in the NP (MMR = 1.37; 95% CI, 1.31-1.44) than in the USG. In both regions, the excess mortality was attributed to cancer of the lung, colorectum, liver, stomach, and kidney. In the SW, the mortality rate for cancer of the liver and stomach was higher than the rate in the USG, in contrast with that region's nearly 4-fold lower mortality rate for lung cancer (MRR = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.19-0.27). Rates of cervical cancer mortality were higher among AIs and ANs (MRR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.13-1.62), notably in the NP and SW. Rates of breast cancer mortality generally were lower (MRR = 0.60: 95% CI, 0.55-0.66), notably in the PC, SW, and E. Cancer mortality increased by 5% in AIs and ANs (MRR for 1996-2001 compared with 1990-1995: 1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.08), whereas it decreased by 6% in the USG (MMR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.94-0.94). CONCLUSIONS. Regional data should guide local cancer prevention and control activities in AIs and ANs. The disparity in temporal trends in cancer mortality between AIs and ANs and the USG gives urgency to improving cancer control in this population. (C) 2005 American Cancer Society. C1 Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Espey, D (reprint author), Indian Hlth Serv, Div Epidemiol, 5300 Homestead NE, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. EM david.espey@mail.ihs.gov NR 25 TC 81 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 103 IS 5 BP 1045 EP 1053 DI 10.1002/cncr.20876 PG 9 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 898ZH UT WOS:000227114200022 PM 15685622 ER PT J AU Wingo, PA Howe, HL Thun, MJ Ballard-Barbash, R Ward, E Brown, ML Sylvester, J Friedell, GH Alley, L Rowland, JH Edwards, BK AF Wingo, PA Howe, HL Thun, MJ Ballard-Barbash, R Ward, E Brown, ML Sylvester, J Friedell, GH Alley, L Rowland, JH Edwards, BK TI A national framework for cancer surveillance in the United States SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Review DE cancer surveillance; surveillance; incidence; mortality; survival; cancer control; survivorship; quality of care; quality of life ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PATIENT-CARE-EVALUATION; HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; MEDICARE MANAGED CARE; RESULTS SEER PROGRAM; END RESULTS PROGRAM; COLORECTAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; MAMMOGRAPHY FACILITIES; AMERICAN-COLLEGE AB Enhancements to cancer surveillance systems are needed for meeting increased demands for data and for developing effective program planning, evaluation, and research on cancer prevention and control. Representatives from the American Cancer Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Cancer Registrars Association, and North American Association of Central Cancer Registries have worked together on the National Coordinating Council for Cancer Surveillance to develop a national framework for cancer surveillance in the United States. The framework addresses a continuum of disease progression from a healthy state to the end of life and includes primary prevention (factors that increase or decrease cancer occurrence in healthy populations), secondary prevention (screening and diagnosis), and tertiary prevention (factors that affect treatment, survival, quality of life, and palliative care). The framework also addresses cross-cutting information needs, including better data to monitor disparities by measures of socioeconomic status, to assess economic costs and benefits of specific interventions for individuals and for society, and to study the relationship between disease and individual biologic factors, social policies, and the environment. Implementation of the framework will require long-term, extensive coordination and cooperation among these major cancer surveillance organizations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, Springfield, IL USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Amer Coll Surg, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Kentucky, Lucille P Markey Canc Ctr, Lexington, KY USA. RP Wingo, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM paw1@cdc.gov NR 135 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 151 EP 170 DI 10.1007/s10552-004-3487-5 PG 20 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 923AZ UT WOS:000228882300008 PM 15868456 ER PT J AU Varghese, RK Friedman, C Ahmed, F Franks, AL Manning, M Seeff, LC AF Varghese, RK Friedman, C Ahmed, F Franks, AL Manning, M Seeff, LC TI Does health insurance coverage of office visits influence colorectal cancer testing? SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID FECAL OCCULT-BLOOD; CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; SURVEILLANCE; GUIDELINES; MORTALITY; INTERVALS; UPDATE; BREAST AB Objective: To assess the effect of differing health insurance coverage of physician office visits on the use of colorectal cancer (CRC) tests among an employed and insured population. Method: Cohort study of persons ages 50 to 64 years enrolled in fee-for-service (FFS) or preferred provider organization (PPO) health plans, where FFS plan enrollees bear disproportionate share of office visit coverage, for the period 1995 through 1999. Results: Compared with FFS plans, enrollees in PPO plans were significantly more likely to obtain CRC tests [adjusted relative risk (RRa), 1.27; 95% confidence intervals (0), 1.21-1.24]. The association was more-pronounced among hourly individuals (RRa, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.41-1.45) than among salaried individuals (RRa, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05-1.10), consistent with a greater differential in office visit coverage among the hourly group. Conclusions: Disproportionate cost-sharing seems to have a negative effect on the use of CRC tests most likely by discouraging nonacute care physician office visits. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Res Sect, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. GM Corp, Hlth Care Initiat Unit, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Friedman, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Res Sect, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-53, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cxf7@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 744 EP 747 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-04-0477 PG 4 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 905CS UT WOS:000227545900037 PM 15767362 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA Mercy, J Bilukha, O Briss, P AF Hahn, RA Mercy, J Bilukha, O Briss, P TI Assessing home visiting programs to prevent child abuse: Taking silver and bronze along with gold SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Letter ID AT-RISK; SERVICES; SUPPORT; HEALTH; MALTREATMENT; VISITATION; FAMILIES; NEGLECT; IMPACT; TRIAL C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Prevent Serv Act, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Community Prevent Serv Act, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, MS E90, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 29 IS 3 BP 215 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.chiabu.2005.02.007 PG 4 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 917WR UT WOS:000228500400003 PM 15820536 ER PT J AU Bonner, PC Zhou, ZY Mirel, LB Ayisi, JG Shi, YP van Eijk, AM Otieno, JA Nahlen, BL Steketee, RW Udhayakumar, V AF Bonner, PC Zhou, ZY Mirel, LB Ayisi, JG Shi, YP van Eijk, AM Otieno, JA Nahlen, BL Steketee, RW Udhayakumar, V TI Placental malaria diminishes development of antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum epitopes in infants residing in an area of Western Kenya where P-falciparum is endemic SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; BAY COHORT PROJECT; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; PREGNANT-WOMEN; ANTIGEN; INFECTION; TOLERANCE; PEPTIDES; RECOMBINANT; MECHANISMS AB To determine the effect of placental malaria (PM) infection on the development of antibody responses to malaria in infants, we measured immunoglobulin G levels to seven different Plasmodium falciparum epitopes by using plasma samples collected at monthly intervals from infants born to mothers with and without PM. Overall, PM was associated with diminished antibody levels to all of the epitopes tested, especially with infants aged >= 4 to 12 months, and the difference was statistically significant for four of the seven epitopes (P < 0.0035). These findings suggest that PM can negatively influence the development of immune responses to malaria in infants. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. New Nyanza Prov Hosp, Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), NCID, Malaria Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM vxu0@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 12 IS 3 BP 375 EP 379 DI 10.1128/CDLI.12.3.375-379.2005 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 955AH UT WOS:000231196500003 PM 15753250 ER PT J AU MacDonald, PDM Whitwam, RE Boggs, JD MacCormack, JN Anderson, KL Reardon, JW Saah, JR Graves, LM Hunter, SB Sobel, J AF MacDonald, PDM Whitwam, RE Boggs, JD MacCormack, JN Anderson, KL Reardon, JW Saah, JR Graves, LM Hunter, SB Sobel, J TI Outbreak of listeriosis among Mexican immigrants as a result of consumption of illicitly produced Mexican-Style cheese SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RAW-MILK CHEESE; SPORADIC LISTERIOSIS AB Background. In 2000, an outbreak of listeriosis among Hispanic persons was identified in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The objectives of the present study were to identify the source of, strains associated with, and risk factors for Listeria monocytogenes infection for patients affected by the outbreak. Methods. Microbiological, case-control, and environmental investigations were conducted. Participants in the case-control study were case patients who became infected with L. monocytogenes between 1 October 2000 and 31 January 2001 and control subjects who were matched with case patients on the basis of ethnicity, sex, age, and pregnancy status. All participants were residents of Winston-Salem. Results. We identified 13 patients, all of whom were Hispanic, including 12 females who were 18-38 years of age. Eleven case patients were pregnant; infection with L. monocytogenes resulted in 5 stillbirths, 3 premature deliveries, and 3 infected newborns. Case patients were more likely than control subjects to have eaten the following foods: fresh, unlabeled, Mexican-style cheese sold by door-to-door vendors ( matched odds ratio [MOR], 17.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-152.5); queso fresco, a Mexican-style soft cheese (MOR, 7.3; 95% CI, 1.4-37.5); and hot dogs ( MOR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.1-19.4). L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from 10 female case patients, from cheese bought from a door-to-door vendor, from unlabeled cheese from 2 Hispanic markets, and from raw milk from a local dairy had indistinguishable patterns on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Conclusions. This outbreak of listeriosis was caused by noncommercial, fresh, Mexican-style cheese made from contaminated raw milk traced to 1 local dairy. We recommend educating Hispanic women about food safety while they are pregnant, enforcing laws that regulate the sale of raw milk and dairy products made by unlicensed manufacturers, making listeriosis a reportable disease in all states, routinely interviewing case patients, and routinely subtyping clinical L. monocytogenes isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Forsyth Cty Hlth Dept, Winston Salem, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Gen Communicable Dis Control Branch, N Carolina Div Publ Hlth, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. N Carolina Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. RP MacDonald, PDM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, N Carolina Ctr Publ Hlth Preparedness, N Carolina Inst Publ Hlth, CB 8165, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM pia@email.unc.edu NR 18 TC 103 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 14 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 677 EP 682 DI 10.1086/427803 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JO UT WOS:000227492700005 PM 15714412 ER PT J AU Fleischauer, AT Kile, JC Davidson, M Fischer, M Karem, KL Teclaw, R Messersmith, H Pontones, P Beard, BA Braden, ZH Cono, J Sejvar, JJ Khan, AS Damon, I Kuehnert, MJ AF Fleischauer, AT Kile, JC Davidson, M Fischer, M Karem, KL Teclaw, R Messersmith, H Pontones, P Beard, BA Braden, ZH Cono, J Sejvar, JJ Khan, AS Damon, I Kuehnert, MJ TI Evaluation of human-to-human transmission of monkeypox from infected patients to health care workers SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAKS; SMALLPOX; DISEASE; CONGO AB Background. In 2003, human monkeypox was first identified in the United States. The outbreak was associated with exposure to infected prairie dogs, but the potential for person-to-person transmission was a concern. This study examines health care worker (HCW) exposure to 3 patients with confirmed monkeypox. Methods. Exposed HCWs, defined as HCWs who entered a 2-m radius surrounding case patients with confirmed monkeypox, were identified by infection-control practitioners. A self-administered questionnaire and analysis of paired serum specimens determined exposure status, immune response, and postexposure signs and symptoms of monkeypox. Results. Of 81 exposed HCWs, 57 (70%) participated in the study. Among 57 participants, 40 (70%) had greater than or equal to1 unprotected exposure; none reported signs or symptoms consistent with monkeypox illness. One exposed HCW (2%), who had been vaccinated for smallpox within the past year, had serological evidence of recent orthopoxvirus infection; acute- and convalescent-phase serum specimens tested positive for anti-orthopoxvirus IgM. No exposed HCWs had signs and symptoms consistent with monkeypox. Conclusion. More than three-quarters of exposed HCWs reported at least 1 unprotected encounter with a patient who had monkeypox. One asymptomatic HCW showed laboratory evidence of recent orthopoxvirus infection, which was possibly attributable to either recent infection or smallpox vaccination. Transmission of monkeypox likely is a rare event in the health care setting. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lutheran Hosp Indiana, Ft Wayne, IN USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Fleischauer, AT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Alf6@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 689 EP 694 DI 10.1086/427805 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JO UT WOS:000227492700007 PM 15714414 ER PT J AU Kuno, G AF Kuno, G TI Dengue transmission without involvement of mosquito vector SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Kuno, G (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. EM gok1@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 5 BP 774 EP 775 DI 10.1086/427947 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JO UT WOS:000227492700031 PM 15714437 ER PT J AU McDade, JE Potter, P Drotman, DP AF McDade, JE Potter, P Drotman, DP TI Emerging infectious diseases: 10 years running SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID BIOTERRORISM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McDade, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jem3@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 497 EP 498 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 903JG UT WOS:000227421400030 ER PT J AU Potter, P AF Potter, P TI Optics and biologic connectedness SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, EID Journal, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM PMP1@cdc.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 3 BP 512 EP 513 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 903JG UT WOS:000227421400040 ER PT J AU Sexton, K Adgate, JL Church, TR Ashley, DL Needham, LL Ramachandran, G Fredrickson, AL Ryan, AD AF Sexton, K Adgate, JL Church, TR Ashley, DL Needham, LL Ramachandran, G Fredrickson, AL Ryan, AD TI Children's exposure to volatile organic compounds as determined by longitudinal measurements in blood SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; blood concentrations; children's health; cotinine; environmental justice; environmental tobacco smoke; exposure assessment; interchild variability; intrachild variability; personal exposure; volatile organic compounds ID PUBLIC-HEALTH IMPLICATIONS; PERSONAL EXPOSURES; VARYING TEMPERATURES; ENVIRONMENTAL-HEALTH; RESIDENTIAL INDOOR; PPB CONCENTRATIONS; EXPOLIS-HELSINKI; PASSIVE SAMPLER; LUNG CARCINOGEN; AIR-POLLUTANTS AB Blood concentrations of 11 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured up to four times over 2 years in a probability sample of more than 150 children from two poor, minority neighborhoods in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Blood levels of benzene, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethene, and m-/p-xylene were comparable with those measured in selected adults from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111), whereas concentrations of ethylbenzene, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and o-xylene were two or more times lower in the children. Blood levels of styrene were more than twice as high, and for about 10% of the children 1,4-dichlorobenzene levels were greater than or equal to 10 times higher compared with NHANES III subjects. We observed strong statistical associations between numerous pairwise combinations of individual VOCs in blood (e.g., benzene and m-/p-xylene, m-/p-xylene and o-xylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane and m-/p-xylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane and trichloroethene). Between-child variability was higher than within-child variability for 1,4-dichlorobenzene and tetrachloroethylene. Between- and within- child variability were approximately the same for ethylbenzene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, and between-child was lower than within-child variability for the other seven compounds. Two-day, integrated personal air measurements explained almost 79% of the variance in blood levels for 1,4-dichlorobenzene and approximately 20% for tetrachloroethylene, toluene, m-/p-xylene, and o-xylene. Personal air measurements explained much less of the variance (between 0.5 and 8%) for trichloroethene, styrene, benzene, and ethylbenzene. We observed no significant statistical associations between total urinary cotinine (a biomarker for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke) and blood VOC concentrations. For siblings living in the same household, we found strong statistical associations between measured blood VOC concentrations. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sexton, K (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Brownsville Reg Campus,80 Ft Brown,RAHC Bldg, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. EM ksexton@utb.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; OI Church, Timothy R./0000-0003-3292-5035 NR 33 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 113 IS 3 BP 342 EP 349 DI 10.1289/ehp.7412 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 903MM UT WOS:000227430100046 PM 15743726 ER PT J AU Cooper, GS Klebanoff, MA Promislow, J Brock, JW Longnecker, MP AF Cooper, GS Klebanoff, MA Promislow, J Brock, JW Longnecker, MP TI Polychlorinated biphenyls and menstrual cycle characteristics SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; POSTMENARCHEAL PERIOD; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; FISH CONSUMPTION; RHESUS-MONKEYS; SERUM; PCB; EXPOSURE; LENGTH; WOMEN AB Background: Experimental studies in nonhuman primates provide evidence that low-level exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) may affect aspects of their menstrual cycle, including cycle length, regularity, and bleeding duration. Few studies have examined these associations in humans. Methods: We used data from 2314 pregnant women who participated in the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a cohort study that enrolled pregnant women in the 1960s in 12 centers in the United States. Information about usual (prepregnancy) menstrual cycle length, regularity, bleeding duration, and dysmenorrhea was collected at enrollment, and 11 PCBs and p,p'-DDE (1,1-dichloro-2,2bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene) (DDE) were measured in stored blood samples collected during the third trimester of pregnancy. We used multivariate linear and logistic regression to examine the association between organochlorine levels and menstrual cycles, adjusting for demographic factors, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results: Total PCBs were positively associated with increasing menstrual cycle length (adjusted difference across 5 categories of PCB exposure = 0.7 days, trend-test P value = 0.02). Irregular cycles were slightly more frequent among those in the 2 highest categories of PCB exposure (odds ratio for highest category = 1.5; 95% confidence interval = 0.70-3.3), and there also was some evidence of an association with DDE. The strengths of these associations increased with various exclusions made to decrease potential misclassification of the outcome and the exposures. There was little evidence for associations between DDE or PCBs and bleeding duration, heavy bleeding, or dysmenorrhea. Conclusions: This study supports experimental studies in monkeys showing an effect of low-dose PCB exposure on menstrual function. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cooper, GS (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, MD A3-05,POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM cooper1@niehs.nih.gov OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 40 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 191 EP 200 DI 10.1097/01.ede.0000152913.12393.86 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 898MF UT WOS:000227080200007 PM 15703533 ER PT J AU Wortley, P AF Wortley, P TI Who's getting shots and who's not: Racial/ethnic disparities in immunization coverage SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE disparities; immunization; influenza; pneumococcal AB This brief report provides data from the National Health Interview Survey (1989-2002) and offers commentary on reasons for the racial/ethnic disparities in immunization coverage for both influenza and pneumococcal vaccines for persons aged >= 65 years. The findings in this report indicate that, although influenza and pneumococcal vaccination rates have increased for non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics, substantial gaps by race/ethnicity persist. Differences are observed even among individuals with similar characteristics (eg, education levels, similar numbers of healthcare visits, and similar insurance status) but from different ethnic groups. In addition, rates of vaccination for ethnic/racial groups have not increased at a sufficient rate to reach the national health objective for 2010 (90% of persons aged > 64 years receiving annual influenza vaccination and having ever received pneumococcal vaccination). By examining the successes of new initiatives such as the READII (Racial Ethnic Adult Disparities in Immunization) demonstration projects, researchers hope that progress can be made to close these racial/ethnic disparities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wortley, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pmw1@cdc.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 SU 3 BP 4 EP 6 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921HP UT WOS:000228755200002 ER PT J AU Kicera, TJ Douglas, M Guerra, FA AF Kicera, TJ Douglas, M Guerra, FA TI Best-practice models that work: The CDC's racial and ethnic adult disparities immunization initiative (READII) programs SO ETHNICITY & DISEASE LA English DT Article DE adult immunization; disparities; model programs; READII AB In this panel discussion, three health leaders provide information on techniques and approaches used to effectively implement the CDC's Racial and Ethnic Adult Disparities Immunization Initiative (READII) Programs. Part 1 offers an overview of READII and information on early results and program accomplishments. In Part 2, the Mississippi READII initiative is explored, with insights on how this program has served 10,000 African Americans in inner-city Jackson, Mississippi as well 23,000 elderly African Americans in 18 rural Delta counties, said to be the poorest counties in the nation. The third segment of this presentation explains challenges and successes found in San Antonio, Texas where READII efforts focused on immunizing the city's elderly Hispanics. Readers will find lessons learned and plans for future expansion to use as models when considering implementation of immunization programs in local communities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Missisippi State Dept Hlth, Mississippi State, MS USA. San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dist, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Kicera, TJ (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Natl Ctr Primary Care, 720 Westview Dr SW, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT SOC HYPERTENSION BLACKS-ISHIB PI ATLANTA PA 100 AUBURN AVE NE STE 401, ATLANTA, GA 30303-2527 USA SN 1049-510X J9 ETHNIC DIS JI Ethn. Dis. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 SU 3 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921HP UT WOS:000228755200005 ER PT J AU Ghio, AJ Ford, ES Kennedy, TP Hoidal, JR AF Ghio, AJ Ford, ES Kennedy, TP Hoidal, JR TI The association between serum ferritin and uric acid in humans SO FREE RADICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE xanthine oxidase; iron; phlebotomy; oxidants; gout ID XANTHINE-OXIDASE ACTIVITY; IRON OVERLOAD; DEHYDROGENASE; EXPRESSION; POPULATION; DEPLETION; PROTEIN; URATE; GOUT; RATS AB Objective: Urate forms a coordination complex with Fe3+ which does not support electron transport. The only enzymatic source of urate is xanthine oxidoreductase. If a major purpose of xanthine oxidoreductase is the production of urate to function as an iron chelator and antioxidant, a system for coupling the activity of this enzyme to the availability of catalytically-active metal would be required. We tested the hypothesis that there is an association between iron availability and urate production in healthy humans by correlating serum concentrations of ferritin with uric acid levels. Materials and methods: The study population included 4932 females and 4794 males in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III. They were 20 years of age or older and in good health. Results: Serum concentrations of ferritin correlated positively with uric acid levels in healthy individuals (R-2 = 0.41, p < 0.001). This association was independent of an effect of gender, age, race/ethnic group, body mass, and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: The relationship between serum ferritin and uric acid predicts hyperuricemia and gout in groups with iron accumulation. This elevation in the production of uric acid with increased concentrations of iron could possibly reflect a response of the host to diminish the oxidative stress presented by available metal as the uric acid assumes the empty or loosely bound coordination sites of the iron to diminish electron transport and subsequent oxidant generation. C1 US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Carolinas Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA. Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA. RP Ghio, AJ (reprint author), Human Studies Facil, Campus Box 7315,104 Mason Farm Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM ghio.andy@epa.gov NR 33 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1071-5762 J9 FREE RADICAL RES JI Free Radic. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 337 EP 342 DI 10.1080/10715760400026088 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 913DH UT WOS:000228131300012 PM 15788238 ER PT J AU Swan, DC Rajeevan, M Tortolero-Luna, G Follen, M Tucker, RA Unger, ER AF Swan, DC Rajeevan, M Tortolero-Luna, G Follen, M Tucker, RA Unger, ER TI Human papillomavirus type 16 E2 and E6/E7 variants SO GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE HPV16; variants; E6; E7; E2; cervical disease ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; LONG CONTROL REGION; HPV 16 E6; MOLECULAR VARIANTS; CANCER; GRADE; POPULATIONS; ONCOGENE; LINEAGES AB Objectives. Polymorphisms in human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 have been shown to be related to geographic areas and are broadly classified as European (E), African (At), Asian (As), or Asian-American (AA). Certain variants have been reported as being more likely to cause cervical disease; our objectives were to identify new HPV16 polymorphisms, to determine the linkage of the E2 and E6/E7 regions and to determine the minimum sequence necessary to classify variants. Methods. We sequenced the complete E2, E6, and E7 regions in all HPV16-positive cervical samples identified in a case-control study of pre-invasive cervical disease. Results. In the 100 samples analyzed, only one new polymorphism was identified, a synonymous change, T3205A, in region E2. The frequency distribution of variants in the sample set was 37 European prototypes and 27 E-G350, 16 AA, 5 Af1, 2 Af2, 8 E-C109G, 3 E-G131G, and 2 As. As shown by others, region E7 varied much less than E6 and E2. Conclusions. In each case, E2 changes were linked to the expected E6/E7 changes, and there was no evidence for recombination. The linkage between E2 and E6/E7 allows variant classification to be based on a short E6 sequence (nt 109-350). (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Gynecol Oncol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Swan, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dswan@cdc.gov OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-8258 J9 GYNECOL ONCOL JI Gynecol. Oncol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 96 IS 3 BP 695 EP 700 DI 10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.11.045 PG 6 WC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Oncology; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 906BN UT WOS:000227615600018 PM 15721413 ER PT J AU Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Rao, P Doran, AM Snively, BM Barr, DB Davis, SW AF Arcury, TA Quandt, SA Rao, P Doran, AM Snively, BM Barr, DB Davis, SW TI Organophosphate pesticide exposure in farmworker family members in Western North Carolina and Virginia: Case comparisons SO HUMAN ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE migrant and seasonal farmworkers; farinworker families; pesticides; organophosphate pesticide metabolites ID AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; CHILDREN; PERCEPTIONS; SAFETY; URBAN AB Farmworkers and their family members are exposed to pesticides in their homes as well as at work. Using a sample of nine farmworker households in western North Carolina and Virginia, this analysis describes the organophosphate (OP) pesticide urinary metabolite levels of adults and children in these households, and compares these farmworker household OP metabolite levels to the national reference data. Data from survey and in-depth interviews are analyzed to find dwelling, household, and work characteristics related to OP metabolite levels. All participants had measurable OP metabolites. Every household had a high level of OP metabolites when compared to national reference data. There were common factors among the households that could cause the high household OP exposure, including farm employment and living adjacent to agricultural fields. Factors associated with household variability in OP exposure included having a non-nuclear family structure, and, therefore, having more adult males who were employed doing farm work, living in rental housing, not owning a vacuum cleaner, residing in a dwelling that is difficult to clean, and the season (spring versus summer) in which urine samples were collected. These results indicate that regulatory changes that improve low income housing, improve industrial hygiene standards, and provide farmworkers information about their pesticide exposure are needed to protect farmworkers and their families. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Epidemiol Sect, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pesticide Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Psychol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Arcury, TA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Family & Community Med, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM tarcury@wfubmc.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU SOC APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY PI OKLAHOMA CITY PA 3000 UNITED FOUNDERS BLVD, STE 148, OKLAHOMA CITY, OK 73112 USA SN 0018-7259 J9 HUM ORGAN JI Hum. Organ. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 64 IS 1 BP 40 EP 51 PG 12 WC Anthropology; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Anthropology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 908OQ UT WOS:000227797000005 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Hsiao, CH Paddock, CD Guarner, J Goldsmith, CS Tatti, K Packard, M Mueller, L Wu, MZ Rollin, P Su, IJ Zaki, SR AF Shieh, WJ Hsiao, CH Paddock, CD Guarner, J Goldsmith, CS Tatti, K Packard, M Mueller, L Wu, MZ Rollin, P Su, IJ Zaki, SR TI Immunohistochemical, in situ hybridization, and ultrastructural localization of SARS-associated coronavirus in lung of a fatal case of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Taiwan SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE SARS; coronavirus; diffuse alveolar damage; immunohistochemistry; in situ hybridization; electron microscopy; immunogold labeling electron microscopy ID INFECTION; REPLICATION; PATHOLOGY; SINGAPORE; TRACT AB This article describes the pathological Studies of fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in a 73-year-old man during all Outbreak of SARS in Taiwan, 2003. Eight days before onset of symptoms, lie visited a municipal hospital that was later identified Lis the epicenter of a large outbreak of SARS. On admission to National Taiwan University Hospital in Taipei, the patient experienced chest tightness, progressive dyspnea, and low-grade fever. His condition rapidly deteriorated with increasing respiratory difficulty, and lie died 7 days after admission. The most prominent histopathologic finding was diffuse alveolar damage of the lung. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization assays demonstrated evidence of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection in various respiratory epithelial cells, predominantly type II pneumocytes, and in alveolar macrophages in the lung. Electron microscopic examination also revealed coronavirus particles ill the pneumocytes, and their identity was confirmed as SARS-CoV by immunogold labeling electron microscopy. This report is the first to describe the cellular localization of SARS-CoV in human lung tissue by using a combination of immunohistochemistry, double-stain immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, electron microscopy, and immunogold labeling electron microscopy. These techniques represent valuable laboratory diagnostic modalities and provide insights into the pathogenesis of this emerging infection. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ Hosp, Dept Pathol, Taipei 100, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zaki, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sZaki@cdc.gov RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; Su, Ih-Jen/B-2655-2010 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887; NR 15 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 1600 JOHN F KENNEDY BOULEVARD, STE 1800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-2899 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 303 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.humpath.2004.11.006 PG 7 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 915DR UT WOS:000228278400012 PM 15791576 ER PT J AU Duty, SM Calafat, AM Silva, MJ Ryan, L Hauser, R AF Duty, SM Calafat, AM Silva, MJ Ryan, L Hauser, R TI Phthalate exposure and reproductive hormones in adult men SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION LA English DT Article DE environmental; epidemiology; hormones; human; phthalates ID SEXUAL-DIFFERENTIATION; MALE-RATS; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; INHIBIN-B; METABOLITES; TESTOSTERONE; MALFORMATIONS; POPULATION; PARAMETERS AB BACKGROUND: Phthalates are used in personal and consumer products, food packaging materials, and polyvinyl chloride plastics and have been measured in the majority of the general population of the USA. Consistent experimental evidence shows that some phthalates are developmental and reproductive toxicants in animals. This study explored the association between environmental levels of phthalates and altered reproductive hormone levels in adult men. METHODS: Between 1999 and 2003, 295 men were recruited from Massachusetts General Hospital. Selected phthalate metabolites were measured in urine. Linear regression models explored the relationship between specific gravity-adjusted urinary phthalate monoester concentrations and serum levels of reproductive hormones, including FSH, LH, sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone, and inhibin B. RESULTS: An interquartile range (IQR) change in monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) exposure was significantly associated with a 10% [95% confidence interval (CI): -16, -4.0] decrease in FSH concentration. Additionally, an IQR change in monobutyl phthalate (MBP) exposure was associated with a 4.8% (95% CI: 0, 10) increase in inhibin B but this was of borderline significance. CONCLUSIONS: Although we found associations between MBP and MBzP urinary concentrations and altered levels of inhibin B and FSH, the hormone concentrations did not change in the expected patterns. Therefore, it is unclear whether these associations represent physiologically relevant alterations in these hormones, or whether they represent associations found as a result of conducting multiple comparisons. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Simmons Coll, Sch Hlth Studies, Dept Nursing, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Biostat Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv, Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009 OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00002, ES09718, T32 ES07069] NR 32 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 7 U2 27 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1161 J9 HUM REPROD JI Hum. Reprod. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 604 EP 610 DI 10.1093/humrep/deh656 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology GA 899FC UT WOS:000227129300006 PM 15591081 ER PT J AU Benin, AL Watt, JP O'Brien, KL Reid, R Zell, ER Katz, S Donaldson, C Schuchat, A Santosham, M Whitney, CG AF Benin, Andrea L. Watt, James P. O'Brien, Katherine L. Reid, Raymond Zell, Elizabeth R. Katz, Scott Donaldson, Connie Schuchat, Anne Santosham, Mathuram Whitney, Cynthia G. TI Delivering Pneumococcal Vaccine to a High Risk Population The Navajo Experience SO HUMAN VACCINES LA English DT Article DE Navajo; pneumococcal vaccine; universal healthcare; vaccination; Indian Health Service AB High rates of preventable diseases such as pneumococcal disease occur among the Navajo despite their universal health insurance through the Indian Health Service. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of Navajo adults vaccinated with pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and to examine key features of vaccination programs of the Navajo Indian Health Service. For this cross-sectional study, medical charts of Navajo patients with vaccine indications were randomly selected and reviewed to determine who had been vaccinated as of January 1, 1999. Among 480 Navajo >= 65 years old, 73% were vaccinated (95% confidence interval [CI]: 69%-77%). Among 111 Navajo 18-64 years old with vaccine indications, 54% were vaccinated (95% CI: 45%-63%). Vaccination programs utilized extensive public health nursing, home visits, standing orders, and "express lane" clinics. In spite of excellent delivery systems and universal healthcare, the proportion of Navajo persons vaccinated was still below the goals for Healthy People 2010 of having 90% of persons >= 65 years old vaccinated and 60% of high-risk persons 18-64 years old vaccinated. C1 [Benin, Andrea L.; Watt, James P.; Zell, Elizabeth R.; Schuchat, Anne; Whitney, Cynthia G.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. [Watt, James P.; O'Brien, Katherine L.; Reid, Raymond; Katz, Scott; Donaldson, Connie; Santosham, Mathuram] Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Amer Indian & Alaska Native Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Benin, AL (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, 333 Cedar St,IE 61 SHM,POB 208088, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM andrea.benin@yale.edu FU National Vaccine Program Office, CDC; Office of Minority Health, CDC FX National Vaccine Program Office, CDC; Office of Minority Health, CDC NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANDES BIOSCIENCE PI AUSTIN PA 1806 RIO GRANDE ST, AUSTIN, TX 78702 USA SN 1554-8600 J9 HUM VACCINES JI Hum. Vaccines PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 1 IS 2 BP 66 EP 69 DI 10.4161/hv.1.2.1562 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Immunology GA V19ZS UT WOS:000208110900003 PM 17038821 ER PT J AU Fry, AM Udeagu, CCN Soriano-Gabarro, M Fridkin, S Musinski, D LaClaire, L Elliott, J Cook, DJP Kornblum, J Layton, M Whitney, CG AF Fry, AM Udeagu, CCN Soriano-Gabarro, M Fridkin, S Musinski, D LaClaire, L Elliott, J Cook, DJP Kornblum, J Layton, M Whitney, CG TI Persistence of fluoroquinolone-resistant, multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in a long-term-care facility: Efforts to reduce intrafacility transmission SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; EFFICACY; OUTBREAK; TRIAL; EMERGENCE; DISEASE; ADULTS; BLIND; FIELD; HOME AB OBJECTIVE: We describe an effort to reduce transmission of a multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP) in a long-term-care facility (LTCF). DESIGN: Longitudinal cross-sectional study. SETTING: An LTCF in New York City with ongoing disease due to an MDRSP strain among residents with AIDS since a 1995 outbreak. The MDRSP outbreak strain was susceptible to vancomycin but not to other antimicrobials tested, including fluoroquinolones. PARTICIPANTS: Residents and staff members of the LTCF during 1999 through 2001. INTERVENTION: Implementing standard infection control measures, and developing and implementing "enhanced standard" infection control measures, modified respiratory droplet prevention measures to reduce inter-resident transmission. RESULTS: Before the intervention, nasopharyngeal carriage of the MDRSP outbreak strain was detected in residents with AIDS and residents with tracheostomies who were not dependent on mechanical ventilation. The prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage of the MDRSP outbreak strain was 7.8% among residents who had AIDS and 14.6% among residents with tracheostomies. After training sessions on standard and enhanced standard infection control measures, the staff appeared to have good knowledge and practice of the infection control measures. After the intervention, new transmission among residents with tracheostomies was prevented; however, these residents were prone to persistent tracheal carriage and needed ongoing enhanced standard infection control measures. Ongoing transmission among residents with AIDS, a socially active group, was documented, although fewer cases of disease due to the outbreak strain occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Infection control contributed to less transmission of MDRSP in the LTCE Additional strategies are needed to reduce transmission and carriage among certain resident populations. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Labs, New York, NY 10013 USA. NW Counties Infect Control Practitioner Network, Brooklyn, NY USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cgw3@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 239 EP 247 DI 10.1086/502533 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 906IA UT WOS:000227633100003 PM 15796274 ER PT J AU Carter, RJ Sorensen, G Heffernan, R Kiehlbauch, JA Kornblum, JS Leggiadro, RJ Nixon, LJ Wertheim, WA Whitney, CG Layton, M AF Carter, RJ Sorensen, G Heffernan, R Kiehlbauch, JA Kornblum, JS Leggiadro, RJ Nixon, LJ Wertheim, WA Whitney, CG Layton, M CA MDRSP Working Grp TI Failure to control an outbreak, of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in a long-term-care facility: Emergence and ongoing transmission of a fluoroquinolone-resistant strain SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCOCCAL POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE; LEVOFLOXACIN; EFFICACY; IMPACT; MANAGEMENT; INFECTION; COMMUNITY AB OBJECTIVES: To characterize risk factors associated with pneumococcal disease and asymptomatic colonization during an outbreak of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (MDRSP) among AIDS patients in a long-term-care facility (LTCF), evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial prophylaxis in eliminating MDRSP colonization, and describe the emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in the MDRSP outbreak strain. DESIGN: Epidemiologic investigation based on chart review and characterization of SP strains by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PFGE and prospective MDRSP surveillance. SETTING: An 80-bed AIDS-care unit in an LTCE PARTICIPANTS: Staff and residents on the unit. RESULTS: From April 1995 through January 1996, 7 cases of MDRSP occurred. A nasopharyngeal (NP) swab survey of all residents (n = 65) and staff (n = 70) detected asymptomatic colonization among 6 residents (9%), but no staff. Isolates were sensitive only to rifampin, ofloxacin, and vancomycin. A 7-day course of rifampin and ofloxacin was given to eliminate colonization among residents: NP swab surveys at 1, 4, and 10 weeks after prophylaxis identified 1 or more colonized residents at each follow-up with isolate's showing resistance to one or both treatment drugs. Between 1996 and 1999, an additional 6 patients were diagnosed with fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) MDRSP infection, with PFGE results demonstrating that the outbreak strain had persisted 3 years after the initial outbreak was recognized. CONCLUSIONS: Chemoprophylaxis likely contributed to the development of a FQ-R outbreak strain that continued to be transmitted in the facility through 1999. Long-term control of future MDRSP outbreaks should rely primarily on vaccination and strict infection control measures. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Publ Hlth Lab, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Communicable Dis, New York, NY 10013 USA. St Elizabeth Anns Hlth Care & Rehabilitat Ctr, Staten Isl, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. St Vincents Med Ctr, Staten Isl, NY USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, State Branch,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Layton, M (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Publ Hlth Lab, 125 Worth St,Box 22A, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM mlayton@health.nyc.gov NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 248 EP 255 DI 10.1086/502534 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 906IA UT WOS:000227633100004 PM 15796275 ER PT J AU Marfin, AA Eidex, RSB Kozarsky, PE Cetron, MS AF Marfin, AA Eidex, RSB Kozarsky, PE Cetron, MS TI Yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis vaccines: Indications and complications SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; ALLERGIC REACTIONS; 17DD VACCINE; VIRUS; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANAPHYLAXIS AB Appropriate administration of yellow fever or Japanese encephalitis vaccines to travelers requires an assessment of the traveler's risk for infection with these vector-borne flaviviruses during their travels and the presence of risk factors for adverse events following immunization. Japanese encephalitis and yellow fever vaccines have been more frequently associated with serious adverse events following immunization since the early 1980s and the late 1990s, respectively. This article describes the adverse events, the magnitude of their risk, and associated risk factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Marfin, AA (reprint author), PATH, 1455 NW Leary Way, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM Aam0@cdc.gov NR 58 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 151 EP + DI 10.1016/j.idc.2004.11.004 PG 19 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 903TO UT WOS:000227448700011 PM 15701552 ER PT J AU Painter, TM Diaby, KL Matia, DM Lin, LS Sibailly, TS Kouassims, MK Ekpini, ER Roels, TH Wiktor, SZ AF Painter, TM Diaby, KL Matia, DM Lin, LS Sibailly, TS Kouassims, MK Ekpini, ER Roels, TH Wiktor, SZ TI Sociodemographic factors associated with participation by HIV-1-positive pregnant women in an intervention to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Cote d'Ivoire SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE Africa; mother-to-child transmission of HIV; socioeconomic factors; treatment disparities; women ID INFECTION; ABIDJAN; ACCEPTABILITY; ZIDOVUDINE; COUNTRIES; AFRICA; TRIAL; AIDS AB Many HIV-1-seropositive women in Africa who are offered antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV do not begin interventions. Research on barriers to participation has not addressed the possible effects of women's sociocultural and economic circumstances. We examined these factors at an MTCT prevention programme in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. We interviewed two groups of women after they had received HIV-positive test results and had been invited by the programme staff to return for monthly follow-up visits before beginning short-course zidovudine prophylaxis. Participants (n = 30) completed follow-up visits and prophylaxis. Non-participants (n = 27) refused or discontinued follow-up visits and did not begin zidovudine. Fewer non-participants had been born in Cote d'Ivoire (67% vs. 97%) or were Ivorian nationals (48% vs. 77%); they had lived in the country for less time (21 vs. 26 median years). They were less likely to be French-literate (37% vs. 77%), and more of them reported having had Koranic education only (18% vs. 0). They more often reported miscarriages, stillbirths, or infant deaths (69% vs. 33%), and had partners with low-ranked jobs (63% vs. 30%). Our findings suggest that the non-participants were more marginal socioculturally and economically in Ivorian society than participants. Greater attention to mitigating the effects of broader structural factors on women's participation in interventions may increase the effectiveness of MTCT prevention in Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Intervent Res & Support,Prevent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Project RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Painter, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Intervent Res & Support,Prevent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tcp2@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 237 EP 242 DI 10.1258/0956462053420158 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 912RM UT WOS:000228097100011 PM 15829025 ER PT J AU Mbu, RE Mbopi-Keou, FX Alemdji, G Meli, C Eteki, N Nkengasong, JN Belec, L Leke, RJ AF Mbu, RE Mbopi-Keou, FX Alemdji, G Meli, C Eteki, N Nkengasong, JN Belec, L Leke, RJ TI Unexpectedly high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in married women attending family planning clinics in Yaounde, Cameroon SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; NAIROBI; AFRICA; RWANDA; HEALTH; KENYA; RISK C1 Univ Yaounde 1, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Yaounde, Cameroon. Cent Hosp, Dept Gynecol, Yaounde, Cameroon. Inst Dev Africa, Yaounde, Cameroon. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Paris 06, INSERM, U430, Ctr Rech Biomed Cordeliers, Paris, France. RP Mbopi-Keou, FX (reprint author), Univ Yaounde 1, Fac Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, POB 1206, Yaounde, Cameroon. EM fxmkeou@hotmail.com NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 270 EP 271 DI 10.1258/0956462053420185 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 912RM UT WOS:000228097100018 PM 15829032 ER PT J AU Marks, G Richardson, JL Milam, J Bolan, R Stoyanoff, S McCutchan, A AF Marks, G Richardson, JL Milam, J Bolan, R Stoyanoff, S McCutchan, A TI Use of erectile dysfunction medication and unsafe sex among HIV plus men who have sex with men in care SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Letter ID SAN-FRANCISCO; RISK BEHAVIOR; BISEXUAL MEN; VIAGRA USE; GAY; SAMPLE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Family Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. RP Marks, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 3 BP 271 EP 272 DI 10.1258/095646205323383155 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 912RM UT WOS:000228097100019 PM 15829033 ER PT J AU Martinez, A Balandrano, S Parissi, A Zuniga, A Sanchez, M Ridderhof, J Lipman, HB Madison, B AF Martinez, A Balandrano, S Parissi, A Zuniga, A Sanchez, M Ridderhof, J Lipman, HB Madison, B TI Evaluation of new external quality assessment guidelines involving random blinded rechecking of acid-fast bacilli smears in a pilot project setting in Mexico SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE quality assurance; laboratory testing; AFB microscopy; tuberculosis ID DISCREPANT ANALYSIS; MICROSCOPY; BIAS; PERIPHERY AB SETTING: Laboratories in Mexico that support the national tuberculosis (TB) control program have been involved in an acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy external quality assurance program which includes rechecking 100% of smears identified as AFB-positive by the local laboratories and 10% of smears identified as AFB-negative. Very few errors have been detected in Mexico using non-random selection and unblinded rechecking of the slides. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results from a I-year pilot program involving blinded rechecking of randomly selected AFB slides from local TB laboratories in two Mexican states and determine its feasibility for future implementation. DESIGN: To reduce potential bias, laboratory staff from the National TB Laboratory, Institute for Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference (InDRE), performed quarterly statistical sampling of AFB smears and on-site evaluations in local laboratories in each state. AFB smears were rechecked at the respective state laboratories with discordant results resolved at InDRE. RESULTS: A significantly greater percentage of errors was detected on the randomly selected, blinded AFB smears than on the non-randomly selected, unblinded smears. CONCLUSION: Random blinded rechecking provides more accurate estimates of AFB microscopy results, resulting in improved diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ High Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Inst Diagnost & Referencia Epidemiol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Lab Estatal Salud Publ, Hidalgo, Mexico. RP Madison, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ High Practice Program Off, MS G23,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bmadison@cdc.gov NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 9 IS 3 BP 301 EP 305 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 905YF UT WOS:000227606800014 PM 15786894 ER PT J AU LoBue, PA Moser, KS AF LoBue, PA Moser, KS TI Treatment of Mycobacterium bovis infected tuberculosis patients: San Diego County, California, United States, 1994-2003 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Mycobacterium bovis; tuberculosis; treatment; completion ID RESISTANT; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; ENGLAND; HUMANS AB SETTING: A local tuberculosis control program. OBJECTIVE: To examine treatment completion rates of patients with Mycobacterium bovis disease and compare them with those of patients with M. tuberculosis disease. DESIGN: Retrospective review of data from a tuberculosis surveillance computer database. RESULTS: Data from 167M. bovis patients and 928M. tuberculosis patients were examined. Rates of treatment completion were not significantly different (78% vs. 82%, X-2 = 1.60, P = 0.174), although death was more frequent among M. bovis patients (15% vs. 7%). The methan time to treatment completion was 94 days longer for M. bovis patients. CONCLUSION: Overall, treatment completion rates of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis patients were comparable, although the death rate was higher for M. bovis patients. The latter finding may be related to a particularly high death rate among HIV-infected M. bovis patients. Therapy duration was longer for M. bovis patients, probably because resistance to pyrazinamide prevented the use of a short-course (6-month) regimen. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. TB Control Program, Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. RP LoBue, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv & Evaluat Branch, Mail Stop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM pg15@cdc.gov FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U52/CCU900452-20] NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 9 IS 3 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 905YF UT WOS:000227606800020 PM 15786900 ER PT J AU Spielberg, F Branson, BM Goldbaum, GM Lockhart, D Kurth, A Rossini, A Wood, RW AF Spielberg, F Branson, BM Goldbaum, GM Lockhart, D Kurth, A Rossini, A Wood, RW TI Choosing HIV counseling and testing strategies for outreach settings - A randomized trial SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; HIV testing barriers; acceptability; HIV prevention; afternative strategies; oral fluid HIV testing; rapid HIV testing ID AT-RISK POPULATIONS; PREFERENCES; SEX; CLIENTS; IMPROVE; MEN AB Background: In surveys, clients have expressed preferences for alternatives to traditional HIV counseling and testing. Few data exist to document how offering such alternatives affects acceptance of HIV testing and receipt of test results. Objectives: This randomized controlled trial compared types of HIV tests and counseling at a needle exchange and 2 bathhouses to determine which types most effectively ensured that clients received test results. Methods: Four alternatives were offered on randomly determined days: (1) traditional test with standard counseling, (2) rapid test with standard counseling, (3) oral fluid test with standard counseling, and (4) traditional test with choice of written pretest materials or standard counseling. Results: Of 17,010 clients offered testing, 7014 (41%) were eligible; of those eligible, 761 (11%) were tested: 324 at the needle exchange and 437 at the bathhouses. At the needle exchange, more clients accepted testing (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3; P < 0.001) and received results (OR = 2.6; P < 0.001) on days when the oral fluid test was offered compared with the traditional test. At the bathhouses, more clients accepted oral fluid testing (OR 1.6; P < 0.001), but more clients overall received results on days when the rapid test was offered (OR = 1.9; P = 0.01). Conclusions: Oral fluid testing and rapid blood testing at both outreach venues resulted in significantly more people receiving test results compared with traditional HIV testing. Making counseling optional increased testing at the needle exchange but not at the bathhouses. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Seattle & King Cty, Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Spielberg, F (reprint author), Ctr AIDS Res, 325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. EM freya@u.washington.edu RI Kurth, Ann/A-1615-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI27757]; NIDA NIH HHS [K08 DA00472-01]; ODCDC CDC HHS [R18/CCR015258-01] NR 16 TC 76 Z9 78 U1 6 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 3 BP 348 EP 355 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 903EK UT WOS:000227408100017 PM 15735456 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JH Garber, LP Porter-Spalding, BA Hahn, JW Pierson, FW Wainwright, SH Senne, DA Brignole, TJ Akey, BL Holt, TJ AF McQuiston, JH Garber, LP Porter-Spalding, BA Hahn, JW Pierson, FW Wainwright, SH Senne, DA Brignole, TJ Akey, BL Holt, TJ TI Evaluation of risk factors for the spread of low pathogenicity H7N2 avian influenza virus among commercial poultry farms SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK; H5; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PENNSYLVANIA; INFECTIONS; EMERGENCE AB Objective - To identify risk factors associated with the spread of low pathogenicity H7N2 avian influenza (AI) virus among commercial poultry farms in western Virginia during an outbreak in 2002. Design - Case-control study. Procedure - Questionnaires were used to collect information out farm characteristics, biosecurity rneasures, and husbandry practices on 151 infected premises (128 turkey and 23 chicken farms) and 199 noninfected premises (167 turkey and 32 chicken farms). Results - The most significant risk factor for AI infection was disposal of dead birds by rendering (odds ratio [OR] 73). In addition, age greater than or equal to 10 weeks (OR for birds aged 10 to 19 weeks, 4.9; OR for birds aged greater than or equal to 20 weeks, 4.3) was a significant risk factor regardless of poultry species involved. Other significant risk factors included use of nonfamily caretakers and the presence of mammalian wildlife on the farm. Factors that were not significantly associated with infection included use of various routine biosecurity measures, food and litter sources, types of domestic animals on the premises, and presence of wild birds on the premises. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - Results suggest that an important factor contributing to rapid early spread of AI virus infection among commercial poultry farms during this outbreak was disposal of dead birds via rendering off-farm. Because of the highly infectious nature of AI virus and the devastating economic impact of outbreaks, poultry farmers should consider carcass disposal techniques that do not require farm movement, such as burial, composting, or incineration. C1 US PHS, Commissioned Corps Readiness Force, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, APHIS, Vet Serv, Ctr Epidemiol & Anim Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Eastern Reg Off, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. USDA, APHIS, VS, Arkansas Area Off, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, APHIS, VA, Natl Vet Serv Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. Virginia Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Off Lab Serv, Richmond, VA 23219 USA. RP McQuiston, JH (reprint author), US PHS, Commissioned Corps Readiness Force, CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 226 IS 5 BP 767 EP 772 DI 10.2460/javma.2005.226.767 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 901VD UT WOS:000227309300018 PM 15776951 ER PT J AU Slonim, AB Roberto, AJ Downing, CR Adams, IF Fasano, NJ Davis-Satterla, L Miller, MA AF Slonim, AB Roberto, AJ Downing, CR Adams, IF Fasano, NJ Davis-Satterla, L Miller, MA TI Adolescents' knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding hepatitis B: Insights and implications for programs targeting vaccine-preventable diseases SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE hepatitis 13; high-risk adolescents; increasing vaccine acceptance rates ID UNIVERSITY-STUDENTS; VIRUS INFECTION; MODEL; RISK; AIDS AB Purpose: To gain a better understanding of adolescents ' knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors regarding hepatitis B. Method: Three types of data were collected as part of this investigation: (a) 45 in-depth individual interviews with staff from 20 adolescent health, sexually transmitted disease (STD), and family planning clinics; (b) 96 individual interviews with adolescents and young adults; and (c) questionnaires completed by 17,063 adolescents and young adults. All instruments focused on one or more of the following five topics: (a) knowledge about vaccines; (b) knowledge about hepatitis 13; (c) barriers to vaccine acceptance, and ways to overcome these barriers; (d) benefits of the vaccine acceptance, and ways to enhance these benefits; and (e) eight hepatitis B risk factors. Interview data was analyzed using qualitative thematic note-based analyses. Survey data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Results: Adolescents and young adults seen in these clinics know very little about vaccinations in general, or hepatitis B, in particular. Adolescents exhibit low levels of perceived susceptibility, severity, response efficacy, and self-efficacy toward hepatitis B and the hepatitis B vaccine. On average, these adolescents engage in 2.36 high-risk behaviors (the most frequent of which include sexual activity, body piercing, and tattooing). Those who were sexually active, had a tattoo, had a STD, or worked with blood were significantly more likely to begin the vaccination series. Conclusions: There is a clear need for additional educational efforts regarding both vaccinations in general, and hepatitis B in particular. Though adolescents are engaging in a variety of high-risk behaviors, most perceive their risk to be low, and therefore many are not taking the necessary precautions to protect themselves. (c) 2005 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. C1 Ohio State Univ, Sch Commun, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Michigan Publ Hlth Inst, Okemos, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div HIV AIDS STD, Lansing, MI USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, STD Program, Lansing, MI USA. RP Roberto, AJ (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Commun, 3050 Derby Hall,154 N Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM roberto.14@osu.edu NR 25 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3 BP 178 EP 186 DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2004.08.002 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 903DY UT WOS:000227406900005 PM 15737772 ER PT J AU Koumans, EH Sternberg, MR Motamed, C Kohl, K Schillinger, JA Markowitz, LE AF Koumans, EH Sternberg, MR Motamed, C Kohl, K Schillinger, JA Markowitz, LE TI Sexually transmitted disease services at US colleges and universities SO JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH LA English DT Article DE condoms; health centers; prevention; sexually transmitted diseases ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; WOMEN AB The authors' objectives in this study were to describe the proportion of schools providing and the percentage of students with access to HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) education, treatment, and prevention services at 2-year and 4-year US colleges and universities. The authors mailed self-administered questionnaires to a stratified random sample (n = 910) of the 2,755 US schools with an enrollment of more than 500 students; 736 (81%) returned the survey. Four hundred seventy-four schools (60%) had a health center, representing 73% of students. Schools with a health center or housing for students were more likely to provide STD education; 52% of the schools made condoms available to students. Sixty percent of schools with health centers could test for both Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, but only 67% of these schools screened women for these infections. Although most schools provided some prevention education, access to prevention, testing, and education should be increased at schools where these services are possible but not available. C1 CDC, Div STD Prevent, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), 160 Clifton Rd,NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM exk0@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0744-8481 J9 J AM COLL HEALTH JI J. Am. Coll. Health PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 211 EP 217 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 910HJ UT WOS:000227921400003 PM 15813231 ER PT J AU Bonin, MA Silva, LK Smith, MM Ashley, DL Blount, BC AF Bonin, MA Silva, LK Smith, MM Ashley, DL Blount, BC TI Measurement of trihalomethanes and methyl tert-butyl ether in whole blood using gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PER-TRILLION LEVEL; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; DRINKING-WATER; BLADDER-CANCER; PURGE; POPULATION; EXPOSURES; SAMPLE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Bonin, MA (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,MSF47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mab2@cdc.gov NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 29 IS 2 BP 81 EP 89 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 902GO UT WOS:000227342900001 PM 15902975 ER PT J AU Sueta, CA Bertoni, AG Massing, MW Mcardle, J Duren-Winfield, V Davis, J Croft, JB Goff, DC AF Sueta, CA Bertoni, AG Massing, MW Mcardle, J Duren-Winfield, V Davis, J Croft, JB Goff, DC TI Managed care patients with heart failure: Spectrum of ventricular dysfunction and predictors of medication utilization SO JOURNAL OF CARDIAC FAILURE LA English DT Article DE preserved systolic function; systolic dysftinction; ACE-inhibitor; beta-blocker ID PATIENTS GREATER-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-65 YEARS; CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITION; PRESERVED SYSTOLIC FUNCTION; EJECTION FRACTION; NEPHROPATHY; COMMUNITY; OUTCOMES; COHORT; RISK AB Background: Heart failure (HF) is a common clinical syndrome resulting in high morbidity and mortality. We examined the spectrum of ventricular dysfunction, and investigated the predictors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, beta-blocker, and spironolactone prescription in 1613 managed care patients with HE Methods and Results: The diagnosis of HF was made by a HF discharge diagnosis or at least 3 physician encounters with a HF diagnosis during 2000. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of medication prescription. Preserved systolic function was documented in 37%, moderate-severe systolic dysfunction in 31%, mild systolic in 14%, and 18% had inadequate documentation. The mean age was 69 years, 58% were women, 24% African American, and 60% were Medicare patients. Patients without HF type documented were the least aggressively treated. Coronary artery disease, hypertension, and diabetes predicted increased utilization of ACE inhibitor and beta-blocker therapies. History of nephropathy was associated with less ACE inhibitor prescription. Advancing age predicted less utilization of beta-blockers and spironolactone. Neither ethnicity nor gender influenced medication prescription. Conclusion: Preserved left ventricular function was common. Documentation of significant systolic dysfunction was associated with improved quality of care. Interventions to encourage documentation of HF type and further study of HF with preserved systolic function are warranted. C1 Med Review N Carolina, Cary, NC 27511 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sueta, CA (reprint author), Med Review N Carolina, 100 Regency Forest Dr,Suite 200, Cary, NC 27511 USA. OI Duren-Winfield, Vanessa/0000-0003-4336-0324 NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE INC MEDICAL PUBLISHERS PI PHILADELPHIA PA CURTIS CENTER, INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 1071-9164 J9 J CARD FAIL JI J. Card. Fail. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 106 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.cardfail.2004.06.436 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 907AW UT WOS:000227688100005 PM 15732029 ER PT J AU Hunter, SB Vauterin, P Lambert-Fair, MA Van Duyne, MS Kubota, K Graves, L Wrigley, D Barrett, T Ribot, E AF Hunter, SB Vauterin, P Lambert-Fair, MA Van Duyne, MS Kubota, K Graves, L Wrigley, D Barrett, T Ribot, E TI Establishment of a universal size standard strain for use with the PulseNet standardized pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols: Converting the national databases to the new size standard SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE AB The PulseNet National Database, established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in 1996, consists of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns obtained from isolates of food-borne pathogens (currently Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Shigella, and Listeria) and textual information about the isolates. Electronic images and accompanying text are submitted from over 60 U.S. public health and food regulatory agency laboratories. The PFGE patterns are generated according to highly standardized PFGE protocols. Normalization and accurate comparison of gel images require the use of a well-characterized size standard in at least three lanes of each gel. Originally, a well-characterized strain of each organism was chosen as the reference standard for that particular database. The increasing number of databases, difficulty in identifying an organism-specific standard for each database, the increased range of band sizes generated by the use of additional restriction endonucleases, and the maintenance of many different organism-specific strains encouraged us to search for a more versatile and universal DNA size marker. A Salmonella serotype Braenderup strain (H9812) was chosen as the universal size standard. This strain was subjected to rigorous testing in our laboratories to ensure that it met the desired criteria, including coverage of a wide range of DNA fragment sizes, even distribution of bands, and stability of the PFGE pattern. The strategy used to convert and compare data generated by the new and old reference standards is described. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. State Maine Publ Hlth & Environm Lab, Augusta, ME USA. RP Hunter, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbh1@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 339 Z9 367 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1045 EP 1050 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.3.1045-1050.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 905AD UT WOS:000227538900005 PM 15750058 ER PT J AU Fischer, TK Eugen-Olsen, J Pedersen, AG Molbak, K Bottiger, B Rostgaard, K Nielsen, NM AF Fischer, TK Eugen-Olsen, J Pedersen, AG Molbak, K Bottiger, B Rostgaard, K Nielsen, NM TI Characterization of rotavirus strains in a Danish population: High frequency of mixed infections and diversity within the VP4 gene of P[8] strains SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEROTYPES; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; DIARRHEA; INDIA; IDENTIFICATION; IMMUNIZATION; GENOTYPES AB We characterized the G and P types from 162 rotavirus-positive stool specimens collected from 162 persons in Denmark (134 children and 28 adults) with acute diarrhea in 1998, 2000, and 2002. Samples were obtained during outpatient consultations (73%) and from hospitalized patients (27%). Although more than 20 different G-P combinations were identified, only 52% represented the globally most common types G1P[8], G2P[4], and G4P[8]. The G9 genotype, which is emerging worldwide, was identified in 12% of all samples. Twenty-one percent of the samples were of mixed genotypic origin, which is the highest frequency reported in any European population. The standard reverse transcription-PCR methods initially failed to identify a considerable fraction of the rotavirus P strains due to mutations at the VP4 primer-binding sites of P[8] strains. The application of a degenerate P [8] primer resulted in typing of most VP4 strains. There was considerable year-to-year variation among the circulating G-P types, and whereas GIP[8] was predominant in 1998 (42% of samples) and 2002 (26%), G2P[4] was the strain that was most frequently detected in 2000 (26% of samples). Our findings might implicate challenges for rotavirus vaccine implementation in a European population and underscore the importance of extensive strain surveillance prior to, during, and after introduction of any vaccine candidate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hvidovre Univ Hosp, Clin Res Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark. Dept Epidemiol Res, Copenhagen, Denmark. Dept Epidemiol, Copenhagen, Denmark. Dept Virol, Copenhagen, Denmark. Statens Serum Inst, Copenhagen, Denmark. Tech Univ Denmark, Ctr Biol Sequence Anal, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. RP Fischer, TK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, 1630 Clifton Rd,NE,MS G-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM thf@ssi.dk OI Rostgaard, Klaus/0000-0001-6220-9414 NR 29 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1099 EP 1104 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.3.1099-1104.2005 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 905AD UT WOS:000227538900015 PM 15750068 ER PT J AU Kubota, K Barrett, TJ Ackers, ML Brachman, PS Mintz, ED AF Kubota, K Barrett, TJ Ackers, ML Brachman, PS Mintz, ED TI Analysis of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns associated with international travel SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL-RESISTANCE; SEROVAR TYPHI; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAKS; FEVER; INDIA; ASIA AB Typhoid fever is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, causing an estimated 16 million cases and 600,000 deaths annually. Although overall rates of the disease have dramatically decreased in the United States, the number of travel-related infections has increased in recent decades. Drug resistance among Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi strains has emerged worldwide, making antimicrobial susceptibility testing an important function in public health laboratories. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtyping of food-borne and waterborne pathogens has proven to be a valuable tool for the detection of outbreaks and laboratory-based surveillance. This retrospective study examined the distribution of PFGE patterns of S. enterica serotype Typhi isolates from patients with a history of international travel. Isolates were collected as part of a passive laboratory-based antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance study. Isolates were PFGE subtyped by using the restriction enzyme XbaI to restrict the total genomic DNA. Isolates indistinguishable with XbaI were further characterized using the restriction enzyme BlnI. A total of 139 isolates were typed, representing travel to 31 countries. Restriction fragment patterns consisted of 14 to 18 fragments ranging in size from 580 to 40 kbp. Seventy-nine unique PFGE patterns were generated using XbaI. Isolates from the same geographic region did not necessarily have similar PFGE patterns. Of the 139 isolates, 46 (33 %) were resistant to more than one antimicrobial agent (multidrug resistant [MDR]). Twenty-seven (59 %) of 46 MDR isolates had indistinguishable PFGE patterns with both XbaI and BlnI. It appears that MDR S. enterica serotype Typhi has emerged as a predominant clone in Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Barrett, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tjb1@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1205 EP 1209 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.3.1205-1209.2005 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 905AD UT WOS:000227538900031 PM 15750084 ER PT J AU de la Fuente, J Massung, RF Wong, SJ Chu, FK Lutz, H Meli, M von Loewenich, FD Grzeszczuk, A Torina, A Caracappa, S Mangold, AJ Naranjo, V Stuen, S Kocan, KM AF de la Fuente, J Massung, RF Wong, SJ Chu, FK Lutz, H Meli, M von Loewenich, FD Grzeszczuk, A Torina, A Caracappa, S Mangold, AJ Naranjo, V Stuen, S Kocan, KM TI Sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; POSITIVE SELECTION PRESSURE; MAJOR SURFACE PROTEIN; WHITE-TAILED DEER; HEAT-SHOCK OPERON; CELL-CULTURE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCES; WOLBACHIA-PIPIENTIS AB The causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis was recently reclassified as Anaplasma phagoeytophilum, unifying previously described bacteria that cause disease in humans, horses, dogs, and ruminants. For the characterization of genetic heterogeneity in this species, the homologue of Anaplasma marginale major surface protein 4 gene (msp4) was identified, and the coding region was PCR amplified and sequenced from a variety of sources, including 50 samples from the United States, Germany, Poland, Norway, Italy, and Switzerland and 4 samples of A. phagocytophilum-like organisms obtained from white-tailed deer in the United States. Sequence variation between strains of A. phagocytophilum (90 to 100 % identity at the nucleotide level and 92 to 100 % similarity at the protein level) was higher than in A. marginale. Phylogenetic analyses of msp4 sequences did not provide phylogeographic information but did differentiate strains of A. phagocytophilum obtained from ruminants from those obtained from humans, dogs, and horses. The sequence analysis of the recently discovered A. phagocytophilum msp2 gene corroborated these results. The results reported here suggest that although A. phagocytophilum-like organisms from white-tailed deer may be closely related to A. phagoeytophilum, they could be more diverse. These results suggest that A. phagocytophilum strains from ruminants could share some common characteristics, including reservoirs and pathogenicity, which may be different from strains that infect humans. C1 Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Wadsworth Ctr, Immunol Lab, Albany, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. UCLM, CSIC, JCCM, Inst Invest Recursos Cineget, Ciudad Real, Spain. Univ Zurich, Fac Med Vet, Clin Lab, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Clin Freiburg, Dept Med Microbiol, Inst Med Microbiol & Hyg, Freiburg, Germany. Med Univ Bialystok, Dept Infect Dis, Bialystok, Poland. Ist Zooprofilatt Sperimentale Sicilia, Palermo, Italy. Inst Nacl Tecnol Agropecuaria, Estac Expt Agropecuaria Rafaela, Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina. Norwegian Sch Vet Sci, Dept Prod Anim Clin Sci, Sandnes, Norway. RP de la Fuente, J (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jose_delafuente@yahoo.com RI CARACAPPA, SANTO/P-8657-2015; Torina, Alessandra/I-3029-2016; OI CARACAPPA, SANTO/0000-0002-7218-1408; Torina, Alessandra/0000-0003-1555-8309; Mangold, Atilio Jose/0000-0002-2000-2906 NR 48 TC 113 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1309 EP 1317 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.3.1309-1317.2005 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 905AD UT WOS:000227538900048 PM 15750101 ER PT J AU Brandt, ME Gaunt, D Iqbal, N McClinton, S Hambleton, S Sigler, L AF Brandt, ME Gaunt, D Iqbal, N McClinton, S Hambleton, S Sigler, L TI False-positive Histoplasma capsulatum gen-probe chemiluminescent test result caused by a Chrysospotium species SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; COCCIDIOIDES-IMMITIS; IDENTIFICATION AB We describe a case in which the Histoplasma capsulatum AccuProbe test displayed cross-reactivity with a respiratory isolate thought to be Histoplasma but not morphologically consistent with H. capsulatum. The isolate was later identified as the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii by sequence analysis and phenotypic data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Iowa, Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA USA. Agr & Agri Food Canada, Eastern Cereal & Oilseed Res Ctr, Environm Hlth Team, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Univ Alberta, Devonian Bot Garden, Microfungus Collect & Herbarium, Edmonton, AB, Canada. RP Brandt, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mbb4@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 1456 EP 1458 DI 10.1128/JCM.43.3.1456-1458.2005 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 905AD UT WOS:000227538900079 PM 15750132 ER PT J AU Durrheim, DN Williams, HA AF Durrheim, DN Williams, HA TI Assuring effective malaria treatment in Africa: drug efficacy is necessary but not sufficient SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID MEDICAL MALPRACTICE; GLOBAL FUND; HEALTH AB Malaria must be tackled as an economic and social issue. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Durrheim, DN (reprint author), James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM David.Durrheim@jcu.edu.au NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 BP 178 EP 179 DI 10.1136/jech.2004.020826 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 911NK UT WOS:000228010200001 PM 15709072 ER PT J AU Doyle, J Waters, E Yach, D McQueen, D De Francisco, A Stewart, T Reddy, P Gulmezoglu, AM Galea, G Portela, A AF Doyle, J Waters, E Yach, D McQueen, D De Francisco, A Stewart, T Reddy, P Gulmezoglu, AM Galea, G Portela, A TI Global priority setting for Cochrane systematic reviews of health promotion and public health research SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on the Right to Health in Europe CY DEC 10-11, 2003 CL Toledo, SPAIN AB Background: Systematic reviews of health promotion and public health interventions are increasingly being conducted to assist public policy decision making. Many intra-country initiatives have been established to conduct systematic reviews in their relevant public health areas. The Cochrane Collaboration, an international organisation established to conduct and publish systematic reviews of healthcare interventions, is committed to high quality reviews that are regularly updated, published electronically, and meeting the needs of the consumers. Aims: To identify global priorities for Cochrane systematic reviews of public health topics. Methods: Systematic reviews of public health interventions were identified and mapped against global health risks. Global health organisations were engaged and nominated policy-urgent titles, evidence based selection criteria were applied to set priorities. Results: 26 priority systematic review titles were identified, addressing interventions such as community building activities, pre-natal and early infancy psychosocial outcomes, and improving the nutrition status of refugee and displaced populations. Discussion: The 26 priority titles provide an opportunity for potential reviewers and indeed, the Cochrane Collaboration as a whole, to address the previously unmet needs of global health policy and research agencies. C1 Deakin Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Dev, Cochrane Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Field, Melbourne, Vic 3125, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. MRC, Hlth Promot Res & Dev Grp, Pretoria, South Africa. WHO, World Bank Special Programe Res Dev & Res Trainin, WHO Reprod Hlth Library,UNFPA, HRP,UNDP, Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Off Western Pacific Manila, Manila, Philippines. WHO, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, Making Pregnancy Safer Initiat, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Waters, E (reprint author), Deakin Univ, Sch Hlth & Social Dev, Cochrane Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Field, 221 Burwood Highway, Melbourne, Vic 3125, Australia. EM elizabeth.waters@deakin.edu.au NR 12 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 7 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0143-005X J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1136/jech.2003.019547 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 911NK UT WOS:000228010200006 PM 15709077 ER PT J AU Kissel, JC Curl, CL Kedan, G Lu, CS Griffith, W Barr, DB Needham, LL Fenske, RA AF Kissel, JC Curl, CL Kedan, G Lu, CS Griffith, W Barr, DB Needham, LL Fenske, RA TI Comparison of organophosphorus pesticide metabolite levels in single and multiple daily urine samples collected from preschool children in Washington State SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE organophosphorus pesticides; children; spot urine samples; 24-h urine samples ID EXPOSURE; CHLORPYRIFOS AB A total organophosphorus pesticide exposure study was conducted in Washington State in 1998 in a sample population of 13 children aged 2.5-5.5 years. The children were roughly split between rural and suburban populations and had been previously identified as having potentially elevated organophosphorus pesticide exposures. One component of the study was urine collection and analysis. Urine samples were collected from each subject up to four times in 24 h in two different seasons. Samples were collected at specific time points: before bed,. first morning void, after lunch, and before dinner. Urine samples were analyzed initially for the six nonspecific dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites and subsequently for eight specific metabolites including malathion dicarboxylic acid (MDA), 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), and paranitrophenol (PNP). Relatively large percentages of the urine samples contained quanti. able amounts of two of the nonspecific DAP metabolites (DMTP-97%; DETP-67%), and three of the specific metabolites (MDA (71%), TCPy (79%), and PNP (96%)). A percent deviation analysis was employed to determine which of the spot sample time points was the best predictor of the estimated volume-weighted daily average. Of the four spot samples collected, first morning void samples were consistently found to be the best predictors of weighted-average daily metabolite concentration. This finding also held when the data were creatinine-adjusted. The results of this analysis suggest that if spot sampling is to be conducted as part of a biological monitoring study, first morning void samples should be preferentially collected. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kissel, JC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Box 354695, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jkissel@u.washington.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01ES09601]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U07/CCU012926] NR 16 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 164 EP 171 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500384 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 905BF UT WOS:000227541800007 PM 15187987 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, SL Douglas, JM AF Gottlieb, SL Douglas, JM TI Seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among young adults in a low-income minority neighborhood - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID CLINICS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gottlieb, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sgottlieb@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 5 BP 820 EP 821 DI 10.1086/427562 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 895LA UT WOS:000226862400029 ER PT J AU Stevenson, HL Labruna, MB Montenieri, JA Kosoy, MY Gage, KL Walker, DH AF Stevenson, HL Labruna, MB Montenieri, JA Kosoy, MY Gage, KL Walker, DH TI Detection of Rickettsia felis in a new world flea species, Anomiopsyllus nudata (Siphonaptera : Ctenophthalmidae) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Rickettsia felis; Anomiopsyllus nudata; flea; new world; Neotoma albigula ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SPOTTED-FEVER GROUP; MURINE TYPHUS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; CAT FLEAS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; CLARRIDGEIAE; HENSELAE; BRAZIL AB The flea and rodent samples studied in this project were collected from field study sites in New Mexico from winter 1998 to spring 2001. During this period, 155 small rodents (14 different species) were live-trapped and combed for the presence of fleas. A total of 253 fleas were collected, comprising 21 species. Two of the 253 fleas collected were polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for the Rickettsia 17-kDa protein gene. These two fleas were both Anomiopsyllus nudata Baker, each collected from an individual Neotoma albigula Hartley, on two occasions. Individual fleas positive for the Rickettsia 17-kDa protein gene were then tested with primers targeting the rickettsial genes for citrate synthase (gltA) and two major outer membrane proteins (ompA and ompB). The nucleotide sequences of the PCR products of these two fleas were identical to each other and were 100% (394/394), 100% (1150/1150), 99.8% (469/470), and 99.3% (818/824) similar to the corresponding sequences of the 17-kDa, gltA, ompA, and ompB genes of Rickettsia felis, respectively. Flea homogenates of individual PCR-positive fleas were inoculated into shell vials seeded with Vero cells, and the Gimenez stain technique was used to demonstrate the presence of Rickettsia-like organisms in detached cells found in aspirated medium 19 d after inoculation. These cells were harvested and tested by PCR, targeting portions of the 17-kDa and gltA genes, resulting in products 100% identical to R. felis. This work comprises the first report of R. felis detection in a flea species (A. nudata) endemic to the New World. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Stevenson, HL (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Labruna, Marcelo/B-6241-2013 OI Labruna, Marcelo/0000-0002-9675-3132 FU FIC NIH HHS [D43TW00903] NR 26 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 163 EP 167 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0163:DORFIA]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 905CY UT WOS:000227546500010 PM 15799525 ER PT J AU Goddard, J Paddock, CD AF Goddard, J Paddock, CD TI Observations on distribution and seasonal activity of the Gulf Coast tick in Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma maculatum; seasonality; American boutonneuse fever; Rickettsia parkeri ID SPOTTED-FEVER RICKETTSIOSIS; AMBLYOMMA-MACULATUM; IXODIDAE; ACARI; OKLAHOMA; PARKERI; AGENT AB Medical importance of the Gulf Coast tick, Amblyomma maculatum Koch, has been highlighted with the recent discovery of a new rickettsial pathogen associated with this tick. Accordingly, distribution and seasonal collection records of A. maculatum were assessed in Mississippi by using three sources of data: sampling of experimental field plots, national tick collection records, and Mississippi Department of Health human tick biting records. A. maculatum was collected in 17/82 (21%) Mississippi counties, mostly in central and southern regions. Estimates of seasonal activity were made using collection data for 2,217 adult, 11 nymphal, and 426 larval specimens. Adult A. maculatum were collected during March through November, with a peak during late July through early August. Nymphs were collected during February through August, and larvae were collected once during each of June, September, and October. Small sample sizes of the immature stages precluded determination of their peak activity. C1 Mississippe Dept Hlth, Bur Gen Environm Serv, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Goddard, J (reprint author), Mississippe Dept Hlth, Bur Gen Environm Serv, POB 1700, Jackson, MS 39215 USA. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 10001 DEREKWOOD LANE, STE 100, LANHAM, MD 20706-4876 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 176 EP 179 DI 10.1603/0022-2585(2005)042[0176:OODASA]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 905CY UT WOS:000227546500012 PM 15799527 ER PT J AU Dennison, JE Bigelow, PL Mumtaz, MM Andersen, ME Dobrev, ID Yang, RSH AF Dennison, JE Bigelow, PL Mumtaz, MM Andersen, ME Dobrev, ID Yang, RSH TI Evaluation of potential toxicity from co-exposure to three CNS depressants (toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) under resting and working conditions using PBPK modeling SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE mixture formula; mixtures; PBPK; synergism; unity calculation ID HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT; METABOLIC INTERACTIONS; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; TOXICOKINETIC INTERACTIONS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; ALVEOLAR AIR; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; EXPOSURE; PHARMACOKINETICS; HUMANS AB Under OSHA and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH((R))) guidelines, the mixture formula (unity calculation) provides a method for evaluating exposures to mixtures of chemicals that cause similar toxicities. According to the formula, if exposures are reduced in proportion to the number of chemicals and their respective exposure limits. the overall exposure is acceptable. This approach assumes that responses are additive, which is not the case when pharmacokinetic interactions occur. To determine the validity of the additivity assumption, we performed unity calculations for a variety of exposures to toluene, ethylbenzene, and/or xylene using the concentration of each chemical in blood in the calculation instead of the inhaled concentration. The blood concentrations were predicted using a validated physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to allow exploration of a variety of exposure scenarios. In addition. the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and ACGIH((R)) occupational exposure limits were largely based on studies of humans or animals that were resting during exposure. The PBPK model was also used to determine the increased concentration of chemicals in the blood when employees were exercising or performing manual work. At rest, a modest overexposure occurs due to pharmacokinetic interactions when exposure is equal to levels where a unity calculation is 1.0 based on threshold limit values (TLVs((R))). Under work load, however, internal exposure was 87% higher than provided by the TLVs. When exposures were controlled by a unity calculation based on permissible exposure limits (PELs), internal exposure was 2.9 and 4.6 times the exposures at the TLVs at rest and workload, respectively. If exposure was equal to PELs outright, internal exposure was 12.5 and 16 times the exposure at the TLVs at rest and workload, respectively. These analyses indicate the importance of (1) selecting appropriate exposure limits, (2) performing unity calculations, and (3) considering the effect of work load on internal doses, and they illustrate the utility of PBPK modeling in occupational health risk assessment. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Technol, Quantitat & Computat Toxicol Grp, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Inst Work & Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. Agcy Toxic Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Dennison, JE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Technol, Quantitat & Computat Toxicol Grp, 1690 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM dennison@colostate.edu OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07321] NR 48 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 14 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1545-9624 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 2 IS 3 BP 127 EP 135 DI 10.1080/15459620590916198 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 910JM UT WOS:000227927400005 PM 15764536 ER PT J AU Magruder, C Burke, M Hann, NE Ludovic, JA AF Magruder, C Burke, M Hann, NE Ludovic, JA TI Using information technology to improve the public health system SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE information systems; information technology; infrastructure; local health departments; public health; public health informatics AB Information technology can be both a vital tool and critical link in the modern public health system. This article discusses the role of information technology in public health and the activities of the Information Technology Collaborative, one of the collaboratives that comprise the national Turning Point initiative. Data are presented from a nationwide survey investigating local health department information technology needs and information technology use. This data, and data from an investigation of state-level public health information technology, will be presented in a more complete format on the Information Technology Collaborative's online Public Health Information Systems Catalog, a free resource for individuals interested in public health informatics. Recommendations for future initiatives, policy changes, and information technology standards are discussed. C1 Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Community Dev Serv, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat & Knowledge Syst Branch, Publ Hlth Practice, Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Syst Dev & Res, Publ Hlth Practice, Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RTI Int, Washington, DC USA. RP Hann, NE (reprint author), Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Community Dev Serv, 1000 NE 10th St, Oklahoma City, OK 73117 USA. EM neil@health.state.ok.us NR 11 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1078-4659 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH MAN JI J. Public Health Manag. Pract. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 2 BP 123 EP 130 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 914QZ UT WOS:000228244000005 PM 15711442 ER PT J AU Gaigalas, AK Wang, LL Schwartz, A Marti, GE Vogt, RF AF Gaigalas, AK Wang, LL Schwartz, A Marti, GE Vogt, RF TI Quantitating fluorescence intensity from fluorophore: Assignment of MESF values SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytometry; FITC; fluorescein; fluorescence yield; MESF; microspheres AB A procedure is presented to convert the comparison of measured fluorescence signals into a comparison of fluorescence yields (FY). The fluorescence yield, which is a property of a solution or a suspension, is defined as the product of the fluorophore concentration and the molecular quantum yield. The paper revises the measurement model which relates the measured fluorescence signal to the FY. The equality of FY of two solutions provides an equivalence between the concentrations of fluorophore in the two solutions. The equivalence is the basis for quantitation in terms of molecules of equivalent soluble fluorophore (MESF). The quantitation procedure starts with the measurement of fluorescence signals from a serial dilution of fluorescein solutions to obtain a calibration of a fluorometer. The fluorometer is used to measure the fluorescence signal of a suspension of microspheres with immobilized fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The calibration is used to obtain the concentration of soluble fluorophores which gives the same fluorescence signal as the microsphere suspension. The number concentration of microspheres is measured and the equality of fluorescence yields is used to obtain the number of soluble fluorescein molecules equivalent to a single microsphere. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Quantitat Cytometry, San Juan, PR 00919 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov NR 8 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.6028/jres.110.010 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 918CY UT WOS:000228518100003 PM 27308107 ER PT J AU Brener, N Lowry, R Barrios, L Simon, T Eaton, D AF Brener, N Lowry, R Barrios, L Simon, T Eaton, D TI Violence-related behaviors among high school students - United States, 1991-2003 - Centers for disease control and prevention SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brener, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 75 IS 3 BP 81 EP 85 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 921DB UT WOS:000228743300001 ER PT J AU Link, MW Mokdad, AH AF Link, MW Mokdad, AH TI Effects of survey mode on self-reports of adult alcohol consumption: A comparison of mail, web and telephone approaches SO JOURNAL OF STUDIES ON ALCOHOL LA English DT Article ID FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; BINGE DRINKING; DRUG-USE; DATA-COLLECTION; INTERNET; RISK; QUESTIONNAIRES; RELIABILITY AB Objective: Mail and Web surveys are two possible alternatives for reducing potential nonresponse bias in telephone-based studies of alcohol consumption. Mail surveys have been a staple of epidemiological research, but there is a dearth of similar research on Web surveys. Most studies using Web surveys have been conducted among college students or other specialized populations where Internet penetration is relatively high. The present study examines differences in self-reports of alcohol consumption among adult members of the general public surveyed by mail, Web and telephone. Method: Web and mail versions of the 2003 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) instrument, traditionally a telephone-only survey, were developed and administered to address-matched households drawn from the random-digit dialed sampling frame used for the BRFSS. Comparisons were made with results from the ongoing telephone-based surveillance. Results: A total of 4,051 interviews (836 mail, 1,143 Web, and 2,072 telephone) were completed with adults ages 18 or older in four US. states. The findings indicate considerable variation in the estimates for heavy drinking (five or more drinks on an occasion during the past 30 days) obtained across these modes and population subgroups, particularly among the Web respondents. Conclusions: Mail surveys appear to be a viable alternative to more traditional telephone surveys, whereas use of Web surveys with the general public appears more problematic. Both approaches, however, may complement telephone studies when used in mixed-mode designs. Because alcohol consumption is associated with a number of diseases, caution is required when using different modes of data collection in epidemiological studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM MLink@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 3 PU ALCOHOL RES DOCUMENTATION INC CENT ALCOHOL STUD RUTGERS UNIV PI PISCATAWAY PA C/O DEIRDRE ENGLISH, 607 ALLISON RD, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08854-8001 USA SN 0096-882X J9 J STUD ALCOHOL JI J. Stud. Alcohol PD MAR PY 2005 VL 66 IS 2 BP 239 EP 245 PG 7 WC Substance Abuse; Psychology SC Substance Abuse; Psychology GA 925CC UT WOS:000229028100010 PM 15957675 ER PT J AU Cassady, JD Kirschke, DL Jones, TF Craig, AS Bermudez, OB Schaffner, W AF Cassady, JD Kirschke, DL Jones, TF Craig, AS Bermudez, OB Schaffner, W TI Case series: Outbreak of conversion disorder among Amish adolescent girls SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE outbreak; conversion disorder; Amish; cross-cultural ID MASS PSYCHOGENIC ILLNESS; EPIDEMIC; RUBELLA AB Objective: Outbreak investigations are challenging in a cross-cultural context, and outbreaks of psychiatric disease are rare in any community. We investigated a cluster of unexplained debilitating illness among Amish girls. Method: We reviewed the medical records of cases, consulted with health care providers, performed active case finding, administered open-ended and structured interviews, and met with Amish community members. A case-patientwas defined as a resident of the county who was bedridden for more than 3 weeks with otherwise unexplained systemic weakness and anorexia from January 2000 to February 2002. Results: Five case-patients were identified. All were Amish girls aged 9 to 13 years. All five had debilitating voluntary motor deficits, anorexia, and weight loss. Four experienced neck weakness with inability to hold up their heads. Thorough medical evaluations failed to identify an organic etiology. All five patients met the diagnostic criteria for conversion disorder. Substantial social conflict within the Amish community preceded illness onset. Family behavioral interventions were recommended. Three months after the investigation, four of five patients demonstrated some improvement. Conclusions: Clinicians should be aware of the potential for outbreaks of psychogenic illness and work to address the challenges of developing effective intervention strategies, particularly in the cross-cultural context. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Adolescent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, 4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. EM tim.f.jones@state.us NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0890-8567 J9 J AM ACAD CHILD PSY JI J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1097/00004583-200503000-00014 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Psychology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 900EB UT WOS:000227197100014 PM 15725974 ER PT J AU Wang, GQ Xu, HH Wang, YK Gao, XH Zhao, YM He, CD Inoue, N Chen, HD AF Wang, GQ Xu, HH Wang, YK Gao, XH Zhao, YM He, CD Inoue, N Chen, HD TI Higher prevalence of human herpesvirus 8 DNA sequence and specific IgG antibodies in patients with pemphigus in China SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; FOLIACEUS FOGO-SELVAGEM; EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; CLASS-II GENES; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; ITALIAN PATIENTS; JEWISH PATIENTS AB Background: Environmental factors, including virus infection, may play a role in the onset and/or development of pemphigus. However, it is controversial whether human herpesvirus (HHV)-8 is involved in pathogenesis of pemphigus. Objective: The possible association of pemphigus with HHV-8 was investigated. Methods: A total of 36 lesional skin and 13 peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens from 58 patients with pemphigus, and 18 normal skin and 230 peripheral blood mononuclear cell specimens from healthy individuals, were tested for HHV-8 DNA sequence by a nested polymerase chain reaction assay. In all, 29 sera from the patients and 109 sera from healthy individuals were tested for HHV-8-specific IgG antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using HHV-8-specific oligopeptides as antigens. Results: Prevalence of both HHV-8 DNA sequence (36.1% and 30.8% in lesional skin and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, respectively) and HHV-8-specific IgG antibodies (34.5%) for patients with pemphigus was statistically higher than that of control subjects (< 8% in both assays). There was no significant difference in HHV-8 prevalence among different types of pemphigus. Conclusion: HHV-8 infection might be a contributing factor in the development of pemphigus. C1 1 Hosp China Med Univ, Dept Dermatol, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. Xiamen Univ, Coll Med, Dept Dermatol, Xiamen, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Herpesvirus Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Lab Herpesviruses, Tokyo, Japan. RP Chen, HD (reprint author), 1 Hosp China Med Univ, Dept Dermatol, 155 N Nanjing St, Shenyang 110001, Peoples R China. EM hongduochen@hotmail.com NR 64 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 460 EP 467 DI 10.1016/j.jaad.2004.10.882 PG 8 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 906HF UT WOS:000227630700010 PM 15761424 ER PT J AU Colton, L Biggerstaff, BJ Johnson, A Nasci, RS AF Colton, L Biggerstaff, BJ Johnson, A Nasci, RS TI Quantification of West Nile virus in vector mosquito saliva SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; vector competence; saliva; Culex; Aedes albopictus; Ochlerotatus triseriatus ID FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; COMPETENCE; TRANSMISSION; CULEX; ASSAY; INFECTION; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; STRAINS AB Saliva was collected from 4 species of mosquitoes intrathoracically inoculated with West Nile virus (WNV). The amount of infectious virus in the saliva was quantified by plaque assay and the number of WNV genomic equivalents (GE) was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Ochlerotatus triseriatus had the greatest mean amount of infectious virus per saliva collection, followed by Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens, and Cx. quinquefasciatus. The mean GE/saliva collection was also greatest in Oc. triseriatus, followed by Cx. quinque/asciatus, Cx. pipiens, and Ae. albopictus. The variance of log GE/saliva collection for Ae. albopictus was significantly lower than the variance for the other 3 species. This study provides a basis for comparing this component of vector competence and for determining the amounts of virus inoculated into vertebrates in experimental host competence studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Nasci, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 22 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 1 BP 49 EP 53 DI 10.2987/8756-971X(2005)21[49:QOWNVI]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 906GB UT WOS:000227627500009 PM 15825761 ER PT J AU Lambert, E Normand, J Stall, R Aral, S Vlahov, D AF Lambert, E Normand, J Stall, R Aral, S Vlahov, D TI Introduction: New dynamics of HIV risk among drug-using men who have sex with men SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NEW-YORK-CITY; SAN-FRANCISCO; BISEXUAL MEN; METHAMPHETAMINE; GAY; BEHAVIOR; EPIDEMIC; PATTERNS; COHORT; ABUSE C1 Natl Inst Drug Abuse, DESPR, ERB, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Lambert, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Drug Abuse, DESPR, ERB, 6001 Execut Blvd,Room 5153,MSC 9589, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM el46i@nih.gov NR 25 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 82 IS 1 SU 1 BP I1 EP I8 DI 10.1093/jurban/jti018 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 911OM UT WOS:000228013900001 PM 15738326 ER PT J AU Martro, E Cannon, MJ Dollard, SC Spira, TJ Laney, AS Ou, CY Pellett, PE AF Martro, E Cannon, MJ Dollard, SC Spira, TJ Laney, AS Ou, CY Pellett, PE TI Evidence for both lytic replication and tightly regulated human herpesvirus 8 latency in circulating mononuclear cells, with virus loads frequently below common thresholds of detection (vol 78, pg 11707, 2004) SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Aids, STD, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Hosp Univ Germans Trias Pujol, Microbiol Serv, Badalona, Spain. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Dept Mol Biol, Lerner Res Inst, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. RP Martro, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011 OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 5 BP 3226 EP 3226 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.5.3226.2005 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 898TF UT WOS:000227098400065 ER PT J AU Lee, CW Suarez, DL Tumpey, TM Sung, HW Kwon, YK Lee, YJ Choi, JG Joh, SJ Kim, MC Lee, EK Park, JM Lu, XH Katz, JM Spackman, E Swayne, DE Kim, JH AF Lee, CW Suarez, DL Tumpey, TM Sung, HW Kwon, YK Lee, YJ Choi, JG Joh, SJ Kim, MC Lee, EK Park, JM Lu, XH Katz, JM Spackman, E Swayne, DE Kim, JH TI Characterization of highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza A viruses isolated from South Korea SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-BINDING PROPERTIES; HONG-KONG; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; HUMAN INFECTION; SPECIFICITY; HUMANS; DUCKS; CHINA; H9N2; GEESE AB An unprecedented outbreak of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been reported for poultry in eight different Asian countries, including South Korea, since December 2003. A phylogenetic analysis of the eight viral genes showed that the H5N1 poultry isolates from South Korea were of avian origin and contained the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (Gs/Gd) lineage. The current H5N1 strains in Asia, including the Korean isolates, share a gene constellation similar to that of the Penfold Park, Hong Kong, isolates from late 2002 and contain some molecular markers that seem to have been fixed in the Gs/Gd lineage virus since 2001. However, despite genetic similarities among recent H5N1 isolates, the topology of the phylogenetic tree clearly differentiates the Korean isolates from the Vietnamese and Thai isolates which have been reported to infect humans. A representative Korean isolate was inoculated into mice, with no mortality and no virus being isolated from the brain, although high titers of virus were observed in the lungs. The same isolate, however, caused systemic infections in chickens and quail and killed all of the birds within 2 and 4 days of intranasal inoculation, respectively. This isolate also replicated in multiple organs and tissues of ducks and caused some mortality. However, lower virus titers were observed in all corresponding tissues of ducks than in chicken and quail tissues, and the histological lesions were restricted to the respiratory tract. This study characterizes the molecular and biological properties of the H5N1 HPAI viruses from South Korea and emphasizes the need for comparative analyses of the H5N1 isolates from different countries to help elucidate the risk of a human pandemic from the strains of H5N1 HPAI currently circulating in Asia. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang, South Korea. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Swayne, DE (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM dswayne@seprl.usda.gov NR 50 TC 130 Z9 147 U1 5 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 6 BP 3692 EP 3702 DI 10.1128/JVI.79.6.3692-3702.2005 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 902OR UT WOS:000227366900046 PM 15731263 ER PT J AU Lagoy, CT Joshi, N Cragan, JD Rasmussen, SA AF Lagoy, CT Joshi, N Cragan, JD Rasmussen, SA TI Medication use during pregnancy and lactation: An urgent call for public health action SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY; BIRTH-DEFECTS; DRUGS; THERAPY; WOMEN AB Questions about medication use during pregnancy and lactation are a concern for women and healthcare providers. Unfortunately, there is little experience with the use of most medications in human pregnancy and lactation at the time they are marketed. Even when information is available, it may not be readily accessible to women and healthcare providers. Nevertheless, medication use by pregnant and breastfeeding women may be beneficial, and even essential, to ensure the health of both mother and child. In addition, almost half of pregnancies in the United States each year are unintended, and medication exposures may occur in the early weeks of gestation before a pregnancy is recognized. For these reasons, it is critical that up-to-date information about the effects of medication use during pregnancy and lactation and the management of maternal conditions be available to women and healthcare providers. A comprehensive, coordinated public health approach that builds on and expands existing activities is needed to generate information about medication use, make that information readily available, and translate it into safe and effective healthcare. Critical components of this system include a central source of up-to-date information, further development and coordination of monitoring and research activities, the availability of counseling services throughout the country, development of standard communication messages, and a panel of experts to provide oversight. This will require collaborative support from government agencies, nonprofit organizations, academic and public health professionals, and healthcare providers to ensure safe and beneficial use of medications during pregnancy and lactation. C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Developmental Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cragan, JD (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM JCragan@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 5 U2 8 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1540-9996 J9 J WOMENS HEALTH JI J. Womens Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 104 EP 109 DI 10.1089/jwh.2005.14.104 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 912YV UT WOS:000228117200001 PM 15775727 ER PT J AU Zlot, AI Jackson, DJ Korenbrot, C AF Zlot, AI Jackson, DJ Korenbrot, C TI Association of acculturation with cesarean section among Latinas SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE acculturation; cesarean section; Latinas; parity ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; WOMENS INVOLVEMENT; PREGNANCY OUTCOMES; MEXICAN-AMERICAN; ETHNIC-GROUPS; RATES; DELIVERY; CARE; CALIFORNIA; DECISION AB Objectives: Examine the association of acculturation and cesarean section after adjusting for clinical and non-clinical factors that could influence clinical discretion in performing the surgery. Methods: A sample of 2102 low-risk, low-income primarily Mexican Latinas in San Diego County was divided into two groups: primiparas and multiparas. For each parity group, logistic regression was used to assess the association of acculturation and cesarean section. Results: Among multiparous Latinas, the risk of cesarean section for highly acculturated women exceeded the risk for the less-acculturated women, but the result was reverse for primiparous women. The adjusted relative odds of cesarean section were twice as high [OR 2.1, 95%CI 1.1-4.1] for multiparous US-born Latinas relative to multiparous Spanish-speaking women born in Mexico. While for primiparous women this same comparison showed US-born Latinas to be approximately half as likely to have a cesarean delivery [OR 0.4, 95%CI 0.2-0.7]. Conclusions: In order to reduce the chances of unnecessary cesarean sections among Latinas, the role of acculturation in women who have and have not already given birth needs to be investigated further. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Western Cape, Sch Publ Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Zlot, AI (reprint author), Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. EM amy_zlot@yahoo.com NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1092-7875 J9 MATERN CHILD HLTH J JI Matern. Child Health J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 9 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s10995-005-2447-3 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 918UM UT WOS:000228573100003 PM 15880970 ER PT J AU Ledin, KE Zeidner, NS Ribeiro, JMC Biggerstaff, BJ Dolan, MC Dietrich, G Vredevoe, L Piesman, J AF Ledin, KE Zeidner, NS Ribeiro, JMC Biggerstaff, BJ Dolan, MC Dietrich, G Vredevoe, L Piesman, J TI Borreliacidal activity of saliva of the tick Amblyomma americanum SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Amblyomma americanum; Ixodes scapularis; borreliacidal effect; salivary glands; salivation; tick saliva ID LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; WHITE-TAILED DEER; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; DERMACENTOR-VARIABILIS; UNITED-STATES; ACARINA-IXODIDAE; NORTH-CAROLINA; NEW-YORK; BURGDORFERI; TRANSMISSION AB Amblyomma americanum (Linneaus) (Acari: Ixodidae), an important tick vector of human and animal disease, is not a competent vector of the bacterial agent of Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, although its range overlaps the geographical distribution of Lyme disease within the United States. A possible mechanism that could prevent acquisition of B. burgdorferi spirochetes from infected hosts is the toxic effect of A. americanum saliva on B. burgdorferi. The data presented here indicate that after 24 and 48 h of exposure to A. americanum saliva, significantly fewer B. burgdorferi were alive compared to treatment controls as assessed by spirochete motility under dark-field microscopy and resistance to the dead stain, propidium iodide. After 48 h, fewer than 13% of saliva-exposed B. burgdorferi were alive. In contrast, significantly more B. burgdorferi exposed to Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) saliva survived after 24 or 48 h compared to A. americanum saliva or treatment controls. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NIAID, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, Sect Vector Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. California Polytech STate Univ San Luis Obispo, Dept Biol Sci, San Luis Obispo, CA USA. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM naz2@cdc.gov OI Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818 NR 54 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-283X J9 MED VET ENTOMOL JI Med. Vet. Entomol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 BP 90 EP 95 DI 10.1111/j.0269-283X.2005.00546.x PG 6 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 902XN UT WOS:000227390100012 PM 15752182 ER PT J AU Moy, E Arispe, IE Holmes, JS Andrews, RM AF Moy, E Arispe, IE Holmes, JS Andrews, RM TI Preparing the National Healthcare Disparities Report - Gaps in data for assessing racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in health care SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE health care disparities; data collection; quality of care; access to care ID CENTERS; ACCESS AB Background: Efforts to quantify, monitor, understand, and reduce disparities in health care are critically dependent on the collection of high-quality data that support such analyses. In producing the first National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR), a number of gaps in data were encountered that limited the ability to assess racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in health care. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify and quantify gaps in data related to disparities in health care and discuss efforts to fill these gaps in future NHDRs. Findings: Data on specific racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups were often not collected or collected in formats that differed from federal standards. When collected, data were often insufficient to generate reliable estimates for specific racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups. These effects were magnified when attempting to assess disparities within many of the agency's priority populations such as women, children, the elderly, low-income populations, and rural residents. Future NHDRs begin to fill some of these gaps in data, but some gaps will likely persist and new gaps will likely arise as the availability of data for specific populations vary from year to year. Conclusions: Gaps in data limit the ability to address racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities in health care. Although many federal efforts are underway to improve data collection, some groups and populations pose unique challenges for data collection that will be difficult to overcome. C1 Ctr Qual Improvement & Patient Safety, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Moy, E (reprint author), Ctr Qual Improvement & Patient Safety, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, 540 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM emoy@ahrq.gov NR 29 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 SU S BP 9 EP 16 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 902DI UT WOS:000227331300003 ER PT J AU Arispe, IE Holmes, JS Moy, E AF Arispe, IE Holmes, JS Moy, E TI Measurement challenges in developing the National Healthcare Quality Report and the National Healthcare Disparities Report SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE NHQR; NHDR; race and ethnicity data; federal data systems; disparities ID RACE; INFORMATION; ETHNICITY; VALIDITY; RATES AB Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe 2 measurement challenges faced in the development of the National Healthcare Quality Report (NHQR) and the National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR): the use of federal data on race and ethnicity and the selection of measures of socioeconomic status (SES). Methods: Over 30 federal and nonfederal data systems were examined to identify measures of race, ethnicity, and SES and to evaluate the characteristics and relative quality of the data. Results: The availability and quality of data on race, ethnicity, and SES vary by factors such as the type of data (population or establishment based-survey, administrative/claims data, or vital statistics), the source of information (self, proxy, other, or some combination), and the transition to new federal standards. No single measure of SES could be identified, so a mix of measures is presented, including income, education, and expected source of payment (ESOP). Income relative to federal poverty level was used as the preferred SES measure from person-based surveys. Selected analyses linking hospital discharge data to annual median household income from US census data were presented for data derived from administrative data systems. Educational attainment was the variable used for examining SES using data from the Vital Statistics System. Conclusions: The first NHQR and NHDR maximized the presentation of data by accommodating the variation among data systems while at the same time imposing some standardization in the coding and classification of data on race, ethnicity, and SES. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Arispe, IE (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 3315, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM laa9@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 SU S BP 17 EP 23 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 902DI UT WOS:000227331300004 ER PT J AU Holmes, JS Arispe, IE Moy, E AF Holmes, JS Arispe, IE Moy, E TI Heart disease and prevention - Race and age differences in heart disease prevention, treatment, and mortality SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE racial disparities; heart disease; health promotion; screening and prevention; cardiac procedures ID RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION; CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION; UNITED-STATES; CARE; RECOMMENDATIONS; RACE/ETHNICITY; APPROPRIATE; SERVICES; RECEIPT AB Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze race and age differences in the distribution of health promotion and cardiovascular screening tests, and the prevalence of serious heart disease and cardiovascular mortality in the United States. Data Sources/Study Population: Data are from 7 federal datasets represented in the first National Healthcare Quality Report and the National Healthcare Disparities Report, and include surveys, administrative and vital statistics data systems. The study analyzes blacks and whites. Measures: Counseling on diet and nutrition, exercise, and tobacco during an outpatient visit indicate the availability of health promotion services, and screening for high blood pressure and cholesterol represent preventive services. Hospitalizations for heart-related conditions and use of certain cardiac procedures identify serious heart disease. Deaths from coronary artery disease and stroke are the heart-related mortality measures. Principal Findings: Counseling and education services tend to occur more on outpatient visits by individuals aged 45 to 64 years than in younger age groups. Screening rates among individuals aged 45 to 64 years of approximately 90% for hypertension and 80% for high cholesterol suggest progress in early detection of cardiac risk factors. However, blacks aged 45 to 64 years are 5.6 times more likely than their white counterparts to be hospitalized for hypertension, approximately one third less likely to receive a cardiac procedure, and almost twice as likely to die of coronary heart disease. Conclusions: Although findings indicate few racial differences in health promotion services in ambulatory care or screening for cardiac risk factors, the prevalence of serious cardiovascular disease, use of cardiac procedures, and heart-related mortality suggest continuing racial disparities in heart disease. C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Holmes, JS (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Care Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 3314, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM zbv3@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 SU S BP 33 EP 41 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 902DI UT WOS:000227331300006 ER PT J AU Kruger, J Galuska, DA Serdula, MK Kohl, HW AF Kruger, J Galuska, DA Serdula, MK Kohl, HW TI Physical activity profiles of US adults trying to lose weight: NHIS 1998 SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE recommendations; weight loss; weight maintenance; prevention; obesity ID BODY-MASS; EXERCISE; OBESITY; DIET; INTERVENTION; STRATEGIES; OVERWEIGHT; OUTCOMES; HEALTH; TRIAL AB Purpose: Physical activity is an integral part of weight control programs, but recommended amounts vary. The objectives of this study were to describe the prevalence and characteristics of those who reported using exercise as a weight loss strategy (N = 14,716), and to determine the prevalence of meeting various institutionally recommended levels of physical activity (N = 8538) among that population. Methods: Data were obtained from the 1998 National Health Interview Survey, a face-to-face nationally representative household interview. Questions on leisure-time physical activity were analyzed using SUDAAN. Results: Among those who reported trying to lose weight, 55% reported using exercise as a weight loss strategy alone, and of those, 58% reported eating fewer calories. The prevalence of using exercise as a weight loss strategy was directly associated with education and inversely associated with age and body mass index. Among those who reported using exercise as a weight loss strategy, 57% met the minimal 1998 National Institutes of Health recommendation of greater than or equal to150 min(.)wk(-1); 46% met the lower end of the 2001 American College of Sports Medicine recommendation of 200 min(.)wk(-1); and 30% met the upper end for 300 min(.)wk(-1). Only 19% met the 2002 Institute of Medicine recommendation of 420 min(.)wk(-1). Conclusions: Despite the importance of physical activity in a weight loss program, only about half of the persons trying to lose weight reported using exercise. Even among those, only slightly more than half met the minimal recommendations for physical activity. Efforts are needed to aid those trying to lose weight to incorporate appropriate levels of physical activity into their weight loss strategy. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kruger, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Ezk0@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 364 EP 368 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000155434.87146.72 PG 5 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 904XK UT WOS:000227531700004 PM 15741832 ER PT J AU Treuth, MS Hou, NQ Young, DR Maynard, LM AF Treuth, MS Hou, NQ Young, DR Maynard, LM TI Validity and reliability of the Fels Physical Activity Questionnaire for children SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Article DE accelerometer; self-report questionnaires; physical activity assessment; inactivity; adolescents ID BODY-MASS INDEX; VALIDATION; ADOLESCENCE; OVERWEIGHT; ADULTHOOD; CHILDHOOD AB Purpose: The aim was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Fels physical activity questionnaire (PAQ) for children 7-19 yr of age. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 girls and 99 boys in elementary (N = 70), middle (N = 81), and high (N = 78) schools in rural Maryland. Weight and height were measured on the initial school visit. All the children then wore an Actiwatch accelerometer for 6 d. The Fels PAQ for children was given on two separate occasions to evaluate reliability and was compared with accelerometry data to evaluate validity. Results: The reliability of the Fels PAQ for the girls, boys, and the elementary, middle, and high school age groups range was r 0.48 - 0.76. For the elementary school children, the correlation coefficient examining validity between the Fels PAQ total score and Actiwatch (counts per minute) was 0.34 (P = 0.004). The correlation coefficients were lower in middle school (r = 0.11, P = 0.31) and high school (r = 0.21, P = 0.006) adolescents. The sport index of the Fels PAQ for children had the highest validity in the high school participants (r = 0.34, P = 0.002). Conclusion: The Fels PAQ for children is moderately reliable for all age groups of children. Validity of the Fels PAQ for children is acceptable for elementary and high school students when the total activity score or the sport index is used. The sport index was similar to the total score for elementary students but was a better measure of physical activity among high school students. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Kinesiol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Treuth, MS (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Human Nutr, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM treuth@jhsph.edu RI Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012 OI Schmoelz, Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954 FU PHS HHS [S1906-21] NR 19 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 488 EP 495 DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000155392.75790.83 PG 8 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 904XK UT WOS:000227531700021 PM 15741849 ER PT J AU Medina, MJ Greene, CM Gertz, RE Facklam, RR Jagero, G Hamel, M Shi, YP Slutsker, L Feikin, DR Beall, B AF Medina, MJ Greene, CM Gertz, RE Facklam, RR Jagero, G Hamel, M Shi, YP Slutsker, L Feikin, DR Beall, B TI Novel antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains recovered from the upper respiratory tracts of HIV-infected adults and their children in Kisumu, Kenya SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIN-BINDING PROTEIN-2B; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; HORIZONTAL TRANSFER; INVASIVE-DISEASE; DRUG-RESISTANT; UNITED-STATES; SOUTH-AFRICA; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLONES; GENES AB In a survey of genetic diversity within penicillin-nonsusceptible pneumococcal isolates in Kenya, we examined 162 upper respiratory isolates from 104 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults and 46 children in a cotrimoxazole prophylaxis study. Antibiotic resistance levels were high; 152 (94.4%) were cotrimoxazole nonsusceptible (134 fully resistant) and 124 (77%) were intermediately penicillin resistant. Isolates nonsusceptible to penicillin and cotrimoxazole (PNCNP) were found among 24 of the 29 serotypes encountered, 15 of which have rarely or never had documented nonsusceptibility to penicillin. These included serotypes 3, 4, 7C, 7F, 10A, 11A, 13, 15A, 15B, 16F, 17F, 19B, 21, 35A, and 35B. Segments of pbp2b genes from 9 PNCNP (serotypes 3, 13, 15A, 16F, 20, and 35A) were typical of resistance-conferring alleles in that they were highly divergent and contained two substitutions thought to be critical for resistance. Similarly, the dhfr genes from 3 PNCNP were divergent and contained a substitution required for cotrimoxazole resistance. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 48 PNCNP revealed 33 sequence types (STs), none of which were previously recorded at http://www.mlst.net. Comparisons with all known STs revealed that 23 of these STs were unrelated to other known STs, whereas 10 STs were highly related to STs from internationally disseminated strains, including 2 of the 26 antibiotic-resistant clones recognized by the Pneumococcal Molecular Epidemiology Network. Based upon differing serotypes expressed by strains of identical or closely similar genotypes, there has been an extensive history of capsular switching within seven genetic clusters represented by these 10 STs and related STs described at http://www.mlst.net. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Beall, B (reprint author), CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bbeall@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 1 BP 9 EP 17 DI 10.1089/mdr.2005.11.9 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 905WT UT WOS:000227602500002 PM 15770088 ER PT J AU Goeres, DM Loetterle, LR Hamilton, MA Murga, R Kirby, DW Donlan, RM AF Goeres, DM Loetterle, LR Hamilton, MA Murga, R Kirby, DW Donlan, RM TI Statistical assessment of a laboratory method for growing biofilms SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID MODEL; VALIDATION; GUIDELINES; BACTERIA; DEVICE AB Microbial biofilms have been grown in laboratories using a variety of different approaches. A laboratory biofilm reactor system, called the CDC biofilm reactor (CBR) system, has been devised for growing biofilms under moderate to high fluid shear stress. The reactor incorporates 24 removable biofilm growth surfaces (coupons) for sampling and analysing the biofilm. Following preliminary experiments to verify the utility of the CBR system for growing biofilms of several clinically relevant organisms, a standard operating procedure for growing a Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm was created. This paper presents the results of a rigorous, intra-laboratory, statistical evaluation of the repeatability and ruggedness of that procedure as well as the results of the experiments with clinically relevant organisms. For the statistical evaluations, the outcome of interest was the density (c.f.u. cm(-2)) of viable P. aeruginosa. Replicate experiments were conducted to assess the repeatability of the log density outcome. The mean P. aeruginosa log, 0 density was 7-1, independent of the coupon position within the reactor. The repeatability standard deviation of the log density based on one coupon per experiment was 0(.)59. Analysis of variance showed that the variability of the log density was 53% attributable to within-experiment sources and 47% attributable to between-experiments sources. The ruggedness evaluation applied response-surface design and regression analysis techniques, similar to those often used for sensitivity analyses in other fields of science and engineering. This approach provided a quantitative description of ruggedness; specifically, the amount the log density was altered by small adjustments to four key operational factors - time allowed for initial surface colonization, temperature, nutrient concentration, and fluid shear stress on the biofilm. The small size of the regression coefficient associated with each operational factor showed that the method was rugged; that is, relatively insensitive to minor perturbations of the four factors. These results demonstrate that the CBR system is a reliable experimental tool for growing a standard biofilm in the laboratory and that it can be adapted to study several different micro-organ isms. C1 Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biofilm Lab, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hamilton, MA (reprint author), Montana State Univ, Ctr Biofilm Engn, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. EM marty_h@erc.montana.edu NR 22 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 34 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD MAR PY 2005 VL 151 BP 757 EP 762 DI 10.1099/mic.0.27709-0 PN 3 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 907HM UT WOS:000227707100015 PM 15758222 ER PT J AU Copeland, SM Tuerck, J Winter, C Paradise, L Harding, CO Piper, K Mouw, D Kolor, K Kenneson, A AF Copeland, SM Tuerck, J Winter, C Paradise, L Harding, CO Piper, K Mouw, D Kolor, K Kenneson, A TI Development of a database for long-term follow-up of patients with inborn errors of metabolism identified by newborn screening with tandem mass spectrometry. SO MOLECULAR GENETICS AND METABOLISM LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Inherited-Metabolic-Disorders (SIMD 2005) CY MAR 06-09, 2005 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Genzyme Corp, Mead Johnson Nutr, NIDDK, NIH, Off Rare Dis, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ucyclyd Pharma, Actelion Pharmaceut US Inc, Abbott Labs, Ross Prod Div, SHS N Amer, Appl Biosyst, Appl Nutr Corp, BioMarin Pharmaceut Inc, Milupa N Amer, Vitaflo, Biochrom Inc, Cambrooke Foods, Hitachi High Technologies Amer Inc, Natl Urea Cycle Defects Fdn, Pickering Labs Inc, Rare Dis Therapeut Inc, Sigma Tau Pharmaceut, Transkarot Therapies Inc C1 Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1096-7192 J9 MOL GENET METAB JI Mol. Genet. Metab. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 84 IS 3 BP 215 EP 215 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 906NH UT WOS:000227648400035 ER PT J AU Young, JG Eskenazi, B Gladstone, EA Bradman, A Pedersen, L Johnson, C Barr, DB Furlong, CE Holland, NT AF Young, JG Eskenazi, B Gladstone, EA Bradman, A Pedersen, L Johnson, C Barr, DB Furlong, CE Holland, NT TI Association between in utero organophosphate pesticide exposure and abnormal reflexes in neonates SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pesticides; organophosphates; neurobehavioral outcomes; Brazelton ID PRENATAL COCAINE EXPOSURE; CENTRAL WASHINGTON-STATE; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; GESTATIONAL EXPOSURE; CHLORPYRIFOS; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; BEHAVIOR; NEWBORN; RATS AB The detrimental effects of organophosphate pesticide (OP) exposure on neurodevelopment have been shown in animals. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between in utero and early postnatal OP exposure and neonatal neurobehavior in humans, as measured by seven clusters (habituation, orientation, motor performance, range of state, regulation of state, autonomic stability, and reflex) on the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (BNBAS). We assessed 381 infants <= 2 months old and born to women participating in the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a longitudinal, birth cohort study of low-income, Latina women living in the agricultural community of the Salinas Valley, California. Exposure to OP pesticides was determined by urinary levels of dialkylphosphate (DAP) metabolites, including dimethyl and diethylphosphate metabolites, measured twice during pregnancy (M = 14 and 26 weeks gestation) and once post-delivery (M = 7 days postpartum). The relationship between exposure and BNBAS performance was examined for the entire sample and stratified by the median age at assessment, 3 days. We observed a significant association between exposure and the reflex cluster for the entire sample and for infants >3 days old (n = 184). Among the >3 day old infants, increasing average prenatal urinary metabolite levels were associated with both an increase in number of abnormal reflexes (total DAP: adjusted beta = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.23, 0.82; dimethyls: adjusted beta = 0.41, 95% Cl = 0.12, 0.69; diethyls: adjusted beta = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.64), and the proportion of infants with more than three abnormal reflexes (total DAP: adjusted OR 4.9, 95% CI = 1.5, 16.1;, dimethyls: adjusted OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 1.1, 9.8; diethyls: adjusted OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.2, 9.9). No detrimental associations were found between postnatal urinary metabolite levels and any of the BNBAS clusters for infants <= 3 or >3 days old at assessment. Whether neonatal reflex functioning is predictive of neuropsychological functioning as the child matures will continue to be evaluated in this birth cohort. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Div Med Genet, Dept Genome Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Eskenazi, B (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth Res, 2150 Shattuck Ave,Suite 600, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [2 P01ES009605-06] NR 47 TC 159 Z9 168 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 199 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.neuro.2004.10.004 PG 11 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 904QT UT WOS:000227513500006 PM 15713341 ER PT J AU Kardous, CA Franks, JR Davis, RR AF Kardous, CA Franks, JR Davis, RR TI NIOSH/NHCA best-practices workshop on impulsive noise SO NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HAZARDOUS EXPOSURE; HEARING-LOSS; GUNFIRE; MODEL AB In 2003 May, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the National Hearing Conservation Association (NHCA) co-sponsored a Best-Practices Workshop on Impulsive Noise and Its Effects on Hearing. The Workshop brought together leading international experts from labor, industry, and government to: (1) provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on the effects of impulsive sounds on the human auditory system; (2) develop strategies for measuring and evaluating impulsive sounds; and (3) identify specific priorities for. future research. Five key needs were identified: (1) instruments and standards for measurement and evaluation of impulsive sounds; (2) international consensus on descriptors for impulsive sounds and procedures for applying results from tests on animals to models for the effect of impulsive sounds on hearing impairment of humans; (3) international consensus on procedures to evaluate the effectiveness of hearing-protection devices and of engineering noise-controls to reduce hearing impairment caused by impulsive sounds; (4) understanding of hearing impairment resulting from occupational and non-occupational exposure to impulsive sounds; and (5) international consensus agreement on a damage-risk criterion for impulsive sounds. (c) 2005 Institute of Noise Control Engineering. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Kardous, CA (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM cyk5@cdc.gov; jrf3@cdc.gov; rrd1@cdc.gov RI Davis, Rickie/A-3186-2008; OI Davis, Rickie/0000-0002-9264-2021 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST NOISE CONTROL ENGINEERING PI AMES PA IOWA STATE UNIV, COLLEGE ENGINEERING, 212 MARSTON HALL, AMES, IA 50011-2152 USA SN 0736-2501 J9 NOISE CONTROL ENG J JI Noise Control Eng. J. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2 BP 53 EP 60 DI 10.3397/1.2839245 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 939YX UT WOS:000230110100003 ER PT J AU Bish, CL Blanck, HM Serdula, MK Marcus, M Kohl, HW Khan, LK AF Bish, CL Blanck, HM Serdula, MK Marcus, M Kohl, HW Khan, LK TI Diet and physical activity behaviors among Americans trying to lose weight: 2000 behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE BMI; overweight; physician advice; recommendation; use ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; SELF-REPORTED HEIGHT; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; US ADULTS; VALIDITY; PARTICIPANTS; PREVALENCE; STRATEGIES; OBESITY; FAT AB Objective: To examine the prevalence and correlates of trying to lose weight among U.S. adults, describe weight loss strategies. and assess attainment of recommendations for weight control (eating fewer calories and physical activity). Research Methods and Procedures: This study used the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a state-based telephone survey of adults >= 18 years of age (N = 184,450) conducted in the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico in 2000. Results: The prevalence of trying to lose weight was 46% (women) and 33% (men). Women reported trying to lose weight at a lower BMI than did men; 60% of overweight women were trying to lose weight, but men did not reach this level until they were obese. Adults who had a routine physician checkup in the previous year and reported medical advice to lose weight vs. checkup and no medical advice to lose weight had a higher prevalence of trying to lose weight (81% women and 77% men vs. 41% women and 28% men, respectively). The odds of trying to lose weight increased as years of education increased. Among responderits who were trying to lose weight, similar to 19% of women and 22% of men reported using fewer calories and 150 min/wk leisure-time physical activity. Discussion: A higher percentage of women than men were trying to lose weight; both sexes used similar weight loss strategies. Education and inedical advice to lose weight were strongly associated with trying to lose weight. Most persons trying to lose weight were not using minimum recommended weight loss strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Khan, LK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM ldk7@cdc.gov NR 25 TC 169 Z9 170 U1 1 U2 14 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 596 EP 607 DI 10.1038/oby.2005.64 PG 12 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 919NT UT WOS:000228625500016 PM 15833946 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Kohl, HW Mokdad, AH Ajani, UA AF Ford, ES Kohl, HW Mokdad, AH Ajani, UA TI Sedentary behavior, physical activity, and the metabolic syndrome among US adults SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE exertion; metabolic syndrome X; nutrition surveys; risk factors; television ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE-SYNDROME; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; WEIGHT-LOSS; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; YOUNG-ADULTS; OBESITY; RISK; POPULATION; HEALTH AB Objective: We examined the associations among physical activity, sedentary behavior, and metabolic syndrome in a representative sample of U.S. adults. Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 1626 men and women >= 20 years old from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2000 who attended the morning examination were evaluated. The metabolic syndrome was defined by using the definition from the National Cholesterol Education Program. Results: In unadjusted analysis, participants who did not engage in any moderate or vigorous physical activity during leisure time had almost twice the odds of having metabolic syndrome [odds ratio (OR), 1.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22 to 2.97] as those who reportedly engaged in >= 150 min/wk of such activity. Adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, educational status, smoking status, and alcohol use attenuated the OR (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 0.87 to 2.45). Compared with participants who watched television or videos or used a computer < 1 h/d outside of work, the adjusted ORs for having metabolic syndrome were 1.41 (95% CI 0.80 to 2.51) for 1 h/d, 1.37 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.20) for 2 h/d, 1.70 (95% CI 0.92 to 3.14) for 3 h/d, and 2.10 (95% CI 1.27 to 3.47) for >= 4 h/d. Additional adjustment for physical activity or sedentary behavior minimally affected the ORs. Discussion: Sedentary behavior is an important potential determinant of the prevalence of the syndrome. Efforts to lessen the amount of time that U.S. adults spend watching television or videos or using a computer, especially if coupled to increases in physical activity, could result in substantial decreases in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM eford@cdc.gov NR 28 TC 261 Z9 272 U1 2 U2 21 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 608 EP 614 DI 10.1038/oby.2005.65 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 919NT UT WOS:000228625500017 PM 15833947 ER PT J AU Reddy, UM Branum, AM Klebanoff, MA AF Reddy, UM Branum, AM Klebanoff, MA TI Relationship of maternal body mass index and height to twinning SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RISKS CONFRONTING TWINS; RATES; US; PREGNANCIES; PREVALENCE; OBESITY; PARITY; ADULTS; BIRTHS; WOMEN AB OBJECTIVE: Increasing use of fertility drugs is considered the primary cause for the recent increase in dizygotic twinning in developed countries. However, dizygotic twinning has also been related to obesity in foreign populations. We sought to confirm this relationship in U.S. pregnancies, which predated widespread use of fertility drugs. METHODS: We analyzed 51,783 pregnancies (561 twin) in the Collaborative Perinatal Project, which took place at 12 hospitals in the United States from 1959 to 1966. The occurrence of twinning was compared according to maternal self-reported prepregnant body mass index (BMI) of less than 20, 20-24.99, 25-29.99, and 30 kg/m(2) or greater, before and after adjustment for confounding factors. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant trend for increased risk of total twinning with increasing BMI (P < .001). The odds of monozygous twinning were not significantly related to BMI, but the odds of dizygous twinning were significantly related to increased BMI. After adjusting for maternal race, age, parity, and height, the odds of dizygous twinning were still significantly elevated among women with a BMI of 30 or more, and the trend for increasing risk of dizygous twinning with increasing BMI was significant (P = .001). The trend for increased twinning with increasing height was also significant. Women in the tallest quartile of height had a significantly increased odds ratio for dizygous twin pregnancies, although not of die same magnitude as women with BMI over 30. CONCLUSION: We confirmed the association of maternal weight and height with dizygotic twinning in a U.S. population among which. fertility drugs were not a factor. (C) 2005 by T'he American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 NICHHD, Pregnancy & Perinatol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant Child & Womens Hlth Stat Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reddy, UM (reprint author), 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 4B03F, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM reddyu@mail.nih.gov NR 31 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 105 IS 3 BP 593 EP 597 DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000153491.09525.dd PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 900IZ UT WOS:000227209900024 PM 15738030 ER PT J AU Sallo, F Eberhard, ML Fok, E Baska, F Hatvani, I AF Sallo, F Eberhard, ML Fok, E Baska, F Hatvani, I TI Zoonotic intravitreal Onchocerca in Hungary SO OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCULAR ONCHOCERCOSIS; 2 DOGS; FILARIASIS; INFECTION AB Objective: To report the case of a 65-year-old male patient from western Hungary who presented with rapidly progressive peripheral visual field (VF) loss and the sensation of an actively moving object in his central VF Design: Interventional case report. Method/Intervention: A live nematode was removed from the anterior vitreous cavity by pars plana vitrectomy. Results: The worm was successfully removed surgically, and the patient had an uneventful recovery. The nematode was identified as an immature filaria, most likely a member of the genus Onchocerca. Conclusions: Only 3 previous reports exist of human infection of the eye caused by zoonotic Onchocerca, 2 involving the subconjunctiva and 1 the cornea. Although rare, zoonotic onchocercal infection of the eye must be considered a differential diagnostic entity even in temperate climates. (C) 2005 by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Semmelweis Univ, Dept Ophthalmol 1, Budapest, Hungary. Szent Istvan Univ, Dept Parasitol & Zool, Budapest, Hungary. Szent Istvan Univ, Dept Pathol & Vet Forens Med, Budapest, Hungary. Natl Med Ctr, Dept Ophthalmol, Budapest, Hungary. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis F22, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM mlel@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0161-6420 J9 OPHTHALMOLOGY JI Ophthalmology PD MAR PY 2005 VL 112 IS 3 BP 502 EP 504 DI 10.1016/j.ophtha.2004.10.036 PG 3 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 900IY UT WOS:000227209800024 PM 15745781 ER PT J AU Martin, JA Kochanek, KD Strobino, DM Guyer, B MacDorman, MF AF Martin, JA Kochanek, KD Strobino, DM Guyer, B MacDorman, MF TI Annual summary of vital statistics - 2003 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; birth weight-specific; mortality; death; infant mortality; low birth weight; mortality; multiple births; vital statistics; revised populations ID CESAREAN DELIVERY; UNITED-STATES; INFANT-MORTALITY; BIRTH; REGISTRATION; TRENDS; WOMEN; LABOR; RISK AB The crude birth rate rose slightly in 2003 to 14.1 births per 1000 population, from 13.9 in 2002. The 2002 rate was the lowest ever reported for the United States. The total number of births and the fertility rate (66.1) also increased. The birth rate for teenaged mothers dropped 3% to another record low in 2003, to 41.7 per 1000 females aged 15 to 19 years. The teenage birth rate has fallen by one third since 1991. The birth rate declined for women 20 to 24 years old but rose for women aged 25 to 44 years. The number, rate, and proportion of births to unmarried women all increased in 2003. Smoking during pregnancy declined to 11%, down from 19.5% in 1989. Prenatal care utilization improved slightly for 2003; 84.1% of women began care in the first trimester of pregnancy. The cesarean delivery rate jumped 6% to 27.6% for another US high. The primary cesarean rate rose 6%, and the rate of vaginal birth after a previous cesarean delivery plummeted 16% from 2002 to 2003. The percent of infants delivered preterm continued to rise (12.3% in 2003). The preterm birth rate is up 16% since 1990. The percentage of children born at low birth weight rose slightly in 2003 to the highest level reported since 1970 (7.9%). The twinning rate increased, but the rate for triplet/+ births declined slightly between 2001 and 2002. Multiple births accounted for 3.3% of all births in 2002. The infant mortality rate rose to 7.0/1000 live births in 2002 from 6.8 in 2001, marking the first increase in this rate in >4 decades. Increases were distributed fairly widely across age, racial/ethnic groups, and geographic areas. The rise in infant mortality was attributed to increases in <750-g births in both singleton and multiple deliveries. Although the downward trend in infant mortality rates in many developed nations may have stabilized, the United States still ranked 27th among these nations in 2001. Expectation of life at birth reached a record high of 77.3 years for all gender and race groups combined in 2002. Death rates in the United States continue to decline. Between 2001 and 2002, death rates declined for the 3 leading causes of death: diseases of heart, malignant neoplasms, and cerebrovascular diseases. Death rates for children 1 to 19 years old decreased by 8% for suicide; the death rate for chronic lower respiratory diseases increased by 33% in 2002. Rates for unintentional injuries and homicide did not change significantly for children aged 1 to 19 years. A large proportion of childhood deaths continues to occur as a result of preventable injuries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Martin, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 7330, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jamartin@cdc.gov NR 60 TC 154 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 115 IS 3 BP 619 EP 634 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2695 PG 16 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 905UV UT WOS:000227596900019 PM 15741364 ER PT J AU Kelley, CF Mannino, DM Homa, DM Savage-Brown, A Holguin, F AF Kelley, CF Mannino, DM Homa, DM Savage-Brown, A Holguin, F TI Asthma phenotypes, risk factors, and measures of severity in a national sample of US children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE asthma; atopy; allergy; children; lung function ID BODY-MASS INDEX; NUTRITION EXAMINATION; WHEEZING PHENOTYPES; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; PARENTAL SMOKING; POPULATION; HEALTH; PREVALENCE; ATOPY AB Objective. To examine a nationally representative sample of US children aged 6 to 16 years old and determine whether there are differences in risk factors and measures of severity between children with different asthma phenotypes. Methods. We analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used questionnaire and skin-prick testing data to separate children into the following mutually exclusive categories: atopic asthma, nonatopic asthma, resolved asthma, frequent respiratory symptoms with no asthma diagnosis, and normal. We used multivariate regression to determine whether demographic or potential risk factors varied between phenotypes and whether measures of severity varied by phenotype. Results. We found that 4.8% of children had atopic asthma, 1.9% had nonatopic asthma, 3.4% had resolved asthma, and 4.3% had frequent respiratory symptoms. Risk factors varied by phenotype, for example, the mean BMI was higher among children with nonatopic asthma, prenatal maternal smoking was a risk factor for resolved asthma, and child care attendance was a risk factor for frequent respiratory symptoms with no asthma diagnosis. Patients with atopic and nonatopic asthma were similar for most measures of asthma severity (medication use, health status, and lung function impairment). In contrast, patients with resolved asthma had fewer symptoms but a similar level of lung function impairment to that seen in patients with current asthma, whereas children with frequent respiratory symptoms but no asthma diagnosis had normal lung function. Conclusions. Asthma risk factors and measures of severity vary between children with different asthma phenotypes. C1 Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, 800 Rose St,MN 614, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. EM dmannino@uky.edu RI Kelley, Colleen/O-4819-2016; OI Kelley, Colleen/0000-0001-5611-0119; Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 115 IS 3 BP 726 EP 731 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-0529 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 905UV UT WOS:000227596900033 PM 15741378 ER PT J AU Tomashek, KM Wingo, J AF Tomashek, KM Wingo, J TI National standard for death-scene investigation of sudden, unexpected infant deaths in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tomashek, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 115 IS 3 BP 823 EP 823 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-2445 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 905UV UT WOS:000227596900052 PM 15741397 ER PT J AU Tong, EK England, L Glantz, SA AF Tong, EK England, L Glantz, SA TI Changing conclusions on secondhand smoke in a sudden infant death syndrome review funded by the tobacco industry SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE secondhand smoke; tobacco industry; sudden infant death syndrome ID PARENTAL SMOKING; LUNG-CANCER; RISK; EXPOSURE; CHILDREN; PREGNANCY; SCIENCE; SIDS AB Background. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke adversely affects maternal and child health. Secondhand smoke (SHS) has been linked causally with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in major health reports. In 1992, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) first noted an association between SHS and SIDS, and both prenatal exposure and postnatal SHS exposure were listed as independent risk factors for SIDS in a 1997 California EPA report (republished in 1999 by the National Cancer Institute) and a 2004 US Surgeon General report. The tobacco industry has used scientific consultants to attack the evidence that SHS causes disease, most often lung cancer. Little is known about the industry's strategies to contest the evidence on maternal and child health. In 2001, a review was published on SIDS that acknowledged funding from the Philip Morris (PM) tobacco company. Tobacco industry documents related to this review were examined to identify the company's influence on the content and conclusions of this review. Methods. Tobacco industry documents include 40 million pages of internal memos and reports made available to the public as a result of litigation settlements against the tobacco industry in the United States. Between November 2003 and January 2004, we searched tobacco industry document Internet sites from the University of California Legacy Tobacco Documents Library and the Tobacco Documents Online website. Key terms included "SIDS" and names of key persons. Two authors conducted independent searches with similar key terms, reviewed the documents, and agreed on relevancy through consensus. Thirty documents were identified as relevant. Two drafts (an early version and a final version) of an industry-funded review article on SIDS were identified, and 2 authors independently compared these drafts with the final publication. Formal comments by PM executives made in response to the first draft were also reviewed. We used Science Citation Index in July 2004 to determine citation patterns for the referenced SIDS reviews. Results. PM executives feared that SHS and maternal and child health issues would create a powerful and emotional impetus for smoke-free areas in the home, public areas, and the workplace. In response to the 1992 US EPA report on SHS, the Science and Technology Department of PM's Switzerland subsidiary, Fabriques de Tabac Reunies, searched for "independent" consultants to publish articles addressing SHS. The first industry-funded article was a literature review focusing on smoking and SIDS, conducted by consultant Peter Lee and co-author Allison Thornton, which stated that the association between parental smoking and SIDS could have been attributable to the failure to control fully for confounders. That first review has only been cited once, in the subsequent industry-funded review. In 1997, PM commissioned a consultant, Frank Sullivan, to write a review, with coauthor Susan Barlow, of all possible risk factors for SIDS. The first draft concluded that prenatal and postnatal smoking exposures are both independent risk factors for SIDS. After receiving comments and meeting with PM scientific executives, Sullivan changed his original conclusions on smoking and SIDS. The final draft was changed to emphasize the effects of prenatal maternal smoking and to conclude that postnatal SHS effects were "less well established." Changes in the draft to support this new conclusion included descriptions of Peter Lee's industry-funded review, a 1999 negative but underpowered study of SIDS risk and urinary cotinine levels, and criticisms of the conclusions of the National Cancer Institute report that SHS was causally associated with SIDS. In April 2001, the Sullivan review was published in the United Kingdom journal Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, with a disclosure statement that acknowledged financial support from PM but did not acknowledge contributions from PM executives in the preparation of the review. By 2004, the Sullivan SIDS review had been cited at least 19 times in the medical literature. Conclusions. PM executives responded to corporate concerns about the possible adverse effects of SHS on maternal and child health by commissioning consultants to write review articles for publication in the medical literature. PM executives successfully encouraged one author to change his original conclusion that SHS is an independent risk factor for SIDS to state that the role of SHS is "less well established." These statements are consistent with PM's corporate position that active smoking causes disease but only public health officials conclude the same for SHS. The author's disclosure of industry funding did not reveal the full extent of PM's involvement in shaping the content of the article. This analysis suggests that accepting tobacco industry funds can disrupt the integrity of the scientific process. The background of this SIDS review is relevant for institutions engaged in the debate about accepting or eschewing funding from the tobacco industry. Those who support acceptance of tobacco industry funds argue that academic authors retain the right to publish their work and maintain final approval of the written product, but this argument fails to recognize that the tobacco industry funds work to ensure that messages favorable to the industry are published and disseminated. Clinicians, parents, and public health officials are most vulnerable to the changed conclusions of the SIDS review. The national SIDS "Back to Sleep" campaign has been very successful in reducing SIDS rates. However, estimates of SIDS risk from SHS (odds ratios range from 1.4 to 5.1) have considerable overlap with estimates of risk from prone sleep positioning (odds ratios range from 1.7 to 12.9). With the Back to Sleep campaign well underway, efforts to address parental smoking behavior in both the prenatal and postnatal periods should be intensified. The tobacco industry's disinformation campaign on SHS and maternal and child health can be counteracted within clinicians' offices. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Tobacco Control Res & Educ, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gen Internal Med, Fellowship Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Inst Hlth Policy Studies, Cardiovasc Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glantz, SA (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr Tobacco Control Res & Educ, 530 Parnassus,Suite 366, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. EM glantz@medicine.ucsf.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-87472]; PHS HHS [1-T32-HP-19025] NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2005 VL 115 IS 3 BP E356 EP E366 DI 10.1542/peds.2004-1922 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 905UV UT WOS:000227596900016 PM 15741361 ER PT J AU Forehand, R Gound, M Kotchick, BA Armistead, L Long, N Miller, KS AF Forehand, R Gound, M Kotchick, BA Armistead, L Long, N Miller, KS TI Sexual intentions of black preadolescents: Associations with risk and adaptive behaviors SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Article ID AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; 1ST INTERCOURSE; UNITED-STATES; URBAN; YOUTH AB CONTEXT. Adolescent sexual activity in the United States is prevalent and occurring increasingly early, particularly among minority groups. Other risk behaviors (e.g., alcohol consumption) often co-occur with sexual behavior. By examining the association of risk and adaptive behaviors with precursors of sexual behavior-specifically, sexual intentions-it maybe possible to identify preadolescents who are at increased risk for early sexual initiation. METHODS: Data from 1,090 black fourth and fifth graders and their parents from the Parents Matter! Program were used in logistic regression analyses to assess covariation between preadolescents' risk and adoptive behaviors, and their intentions to initiate sexual intercourse in the next year. RESULTS: Risk and adaptive behaviors, as reported by both preadolescents and parents, were associated with sexual intentions, the findings were not qualified by youth's gender. Alcohol consumption and having been in trouble with the police were the primary youth-reported risk behaviors associated with the odds of intending to have intercourse (odds ratios, 2.3 and 1.8), the preadolescents being in trouble at home was the primary parent-reported risk behavior (2.1). In both sets of reports, performing well on schoolwork was associated with reduced odds of intending to engage in sex (0.5-0.6). CONCLUSIONS: Risk and adaptive behaviors are markers of sexual intentions among black preadolescents. Prevention programs can use these behaviors to identify black youth who may be at high risk for early sexual initiation. C1 Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Loyola Coll, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Forehand, R (reprint author), Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. EM rex.forehand@uvm.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU 417720] NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD MAR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 1 BP 13 EP 18 DI 10.1111/j.1931-2393.2005.tb00036.x PG 6 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 910ET UT WOS:000227913900002 PM 15888398 ER PT J AU Raebel, MA Carroll, NM Andrade, SE Arnold, K Chester, EA Davis, RL Feldstein, A Gunter, MJ Lafata, JE Simon, SR Platt, R AF Raebel, MA Carroll, NM Andrade, SE Arnold, K Chester, EA Davis, RL Feldstein, A Gunter, MJ Lafata, JE Simon, SR Platt, R TI Narrow therapeutic range drug monitoring in ambulatory care. SO PHARMACOTHERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Spring Practice and Research Forum of the American-College-of-Clinical-Pharmacy CY APR 10-13, 2005 CL Myrtle Beach, SC SP Amer Coll Clin Pharm C1 Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO USA. Meyers Primary Care Inst, Worcester, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente NW Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Lovelace Clin Fdn, Albuquerque, NM USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Detroit, MI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PHARMACOTHERAPY PUBLICATIONS INC PI BOSTON PA NEW ENGLAND MEDICAL CENTER, 806, 750 WASHINGTON ST, BOSTON, MA 02111 USA SN 0277-0008 J9 PHARMACOTHERAPY JI Pharmacotherapy PD MAR PY 2005 VL 25 IS 3 MA 128 BP 472 EP 472 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 901NJ UT WOS:000227288900112 ER PT J AU Rutt, CD Pratt, M Dannenberg, AL Cole, BL AF Rutt, CD Pratt, M Dannenberg, AL Cole, BL TI Connecting public health and planning professionals: Health impact assessment SO PLACES-A FORUM OF ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Res & Dev Team, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Collaborating Ctr Phys Act & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Impact Assessment Project, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU DESIGN HISTORY FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA C/O PLACES, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0731-0455 J9 PLACES-FORUM ENVIRON JI Places-Forum Environ. Des. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 86 EP 87 PG 2 WC Architecture SC Architecture GA 925CB UT WOS:000229028000023 ER PT J AU Okoro, CA Strine, TW Young, SL Balluz, LS Mokdad, AH AF Okoro, CA Strine, TW Young, SL Balluz, LS Mokdad, AH TI Access to health care among older adults and receipt of preventive services. Results from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2002 SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE preventive services; older adults; access; barriers; BRFSS ID MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES; UNITED-STATES; COVERAGE; PHYSICIAN AB Background. Although most of the 34 million U.S. adults aged 65 years and older have health care coverage, many do not receive preventive care. To investigate why, we examined various barriers to access of health care and their effect on obtaining preventive care. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted of noninstitutionalized adults, aged 65 years or older, in states that participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2002. Results. Of the 46,659 respondents aged 65 years and older, 93% had a regular care provider, 98% had a regular place of care, and 98% were able to obtain needed medical care. Those with a regular care provider or a regular place of care were more likely to receive clinical preventive services than those without either of these. Reasons for not obtaining needed medical care were cost (27%), too long a wait for an appointment (20%), no transportation or distance (9%), office not open when the individual could get there (8%), and other reasons (32%). Conclusions. Having a regular care provider or a regular place of care is associated with a significant likelihood of receipt of clinical preventive services among older adults. Efforts to eliminate barriers to health care access may increase older adults' receipt of such services. (C) 2004 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Okoro, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM Cokoro@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.06.009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 881FT UT WOS:000225849500013 PM 15533548 ER PT J AU Balluz, LS Okoro, CA Bowman, BA Serdula, MK Mokdad, AH AF Balluz, LS Okoro, CA Bowman, BA Serdula, MK Mokdad, AH TI Vitamin or supplement use among adults, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 13 states, 2001 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; UNITED-STATES; MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS; RECOMMENDED INTAKE; NUTRIENT INTAKE; HEALTH; ANTIOXIDANT; DISEASE; ISSUES; TRENDS AB Objective. The authors examined vitamin/supplement (V/S) use and its relationship to sociodemographics, health behaviors, and health conditions among adults in 13 states. Methods. This investigation used 2001 data from a cross-sectional study of non-institutionalized adults aged >= 18 years, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results. Of 45,415 respondents with complete data (18,723 males and 26,692 females), 56.5% (n = 5,652) reported current V/S use. After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education, the authors found a statistically significant association between V/S use and positive health risk behavior (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.46; p < 0.001). Also, V/S use was found to increase with age (p < 0.001). No association was found between V/S use and the absence of specific chronic disease conditions (adjusted OR = 0.93; p = 0.052). Conclusions. People who used V/S in the states surveyed were more likely to demonstrate positive health risk behaviors than those who did not report V/S use. Thus it appears that individuals who are most likely to use V/S are least likely to need V/S. It is crucial that individuals report quantity and frequency of V/S use when providing medical or diet histories to health care providers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Balluz, LS (reprint author), CDC, NCCDP, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM lballuz@cdc.gov NR 29 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 120 IS 2 BP 117 EP 123 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 915JW UT WOS:000228301500004 PM 15842112 ER PT J AU Morin, NM Dye, BA Hooper, TI AF Morin, NM Dye, BA Hooper, TI TI Influence of cigarette smoking on the overall perception of dental health among adults aged 20-79 years, United States, 1988-1994 SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID PERCEIVED ORAL-HEALTH; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; OLDER ADULTS; PERIODONTAL-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; TOBACCO USE; NHANES-III; CARE; POPULATION; SATISFACTION AB Objective. Investigation into the relationship between lifestyle factors (particularly cigarette smoking) and perceived oral health has been limited. Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994, were used to explore this relationship in a large sample of U.S. adults. Methods. This study used data on 13,357 dentate participants in NHANES III aged 20-79 years. In NHANES III information on perceived dental health, sociodemographic attributes, smoking status, frequency of dental visits, dental insurance, and general health perception were collected during a home interview, and oral health status was assessed at a mobile examination center. Results. Overall, 34.4% of individuals in the study sample reported having an unfavorable perception of their dental health by qualifying it as "fair" or "poor." Furthermore, 46.6% of smokers had an unfavorable dental health perception, compared to 28.3% of non-smokers. An interaction between smoking and race/ethnicity was found in logistic regression modeling. Stratified results show that cigarette smoking was not a significant predictor for an unfavorable dental health perception among individuals who self-identified as Mexican American, but smoking was a significant predictor for an unfavorable dental health perception among those who identified as non-Hispanic black or non-Hispanic white. Conclusions. This is the first study to describe the effects of smoking on dental health perception while controlling for examined oral health status. Because perceived dental health is a potential indicator for dental care utilization, a better knowledge of the factors that influence dental health perception is not only important for dental services planning, but also for understanding oral health-related quality of life issues. Additionally, given that smoking may negatively affect dental health perception, these findings have potential implications for smoking cessation activities conducted by dental care providers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Canadian Forces Dent Serv, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. RP Dye, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, NHANES Program, 3311 Toledo Rd,Rm 4416, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM bfd1@cdc.gov NR 55 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ASSOC SCHOOLS PUBLIC HEALTH PI WASHINGTON PA 1101 15TH ST NW, STE 910, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 120 IS 2 BP 124 EP 132 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 915JW UT WOS:000228301500005 PM 15842113 ER PT J AU Dowda, M Sallis, JF McKenzie, TL Rosengard, P Kohl, HW AF Dowda, M Sallis, JF McKenzie, TL Rosengard, P Kohl, HW TI Evaluating the sustainability of SPARK physical education: A case study of translating research into practice SO RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT LA English DT Article DE health; curricula; program dissemination; program evaluation ID PUBLIC-HEALTH; PROGRAM; ELEMENTARY; INTERVENTIONS; CURRICULUM; CHILDREN AB Dissemination and sustainability of evidence-based physical education programs (PE) has been studied rarely. The sustainability of a health-related PE program (SPARK) was independently evaluated in 111 elementary schools in 7 states. Surveys were mailed to schools that had received SPARK curriculum books, training, and follow-up (response rate = 4 7 %). Up to 80 % of schools that adopted STARK PE reported sustained use up to 4 years later Schools using SPARK had more frequent PE classes. Sustained use was related to support from the principal, not previously having a standard PE program, having adequate equipment, and teachers being physically active. Program sustainability was similar in advantaged and disadvantaged schools. Evidence-based PE programs can be sustained up to 4 years. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Exercise & Nutr Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. SPARK Programs, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dowda, M (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, 730 Devine St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. EM mdowda@gwm.sc.edu NR 35 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER ALLIANCE HEALTH PHYS EDUC REC & DANCE PI RESTON PA 1900 ASSOCIATION DRIVE, RESTON, VA 22091 USA SN 0270-1367 J9 RES Q EXERCISE SPORT JI Res. Q. Exerc. Sport PD MAR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 PG 9 WC Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism; Psychology, Applied; Psychology; Sport Sciences SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Psychology; Sport Sciences GA 904YU UT WOS:000227535300002 PM 15810766 ER PT J AU Peterman, TA Kahn, RH Ciesielski, CA Ortiz-Rios, E Furness, BW Blank, S Schillinger, JA Gunn, RA Taylor, M Berman, SM AF Peterman, TA Kahn, RH Ciesielski, CA Ortiz-Rios, E Furness, BW Blank, S Schillinger, JA Gunn, RA Taylor, M Berman, SM TI Misclassification of the stages of syphilis: Implications for surveillance SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PARTNER NOTIFICATION; OUTBREAK; PROSTITUTION; INFECTION; TRIAL AB Syphilis cases were reviewed to see if reported stages met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definition. Classification was excellent for primary and secondary and good for late latent, but half of early latent and unknown duration were misclassified. New surveillance definitions are suggested, comments requested. Background: Uncertainty when staging latent syphilis should lead clinicians to call it late latent (requires more treatment) and disease investigators to call it early latent (priority for partner investigation). Accurate surveillance requires consistent case definitions. Objective: Assess validity of reported syphilis stages. Methods: Record reviews in 6 jurisdictions to determine if reported cases met the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention case definitions. Results: Nine hundred seventy-three records from 6 jurisdictions in 2002 showed excellent agreement for reported primary (94.0%) and secondary (95.4%), good agreement for late latent (80.2%), and poor agreement for early latent (48.4%) and unknown duration (49.7%). Unknown duration (age less than or equal to35 and nontreponemal test titer greater than or equal to32) was often misinterpreted to mean "not known." Early latent (within the past year, documented: seroconversion, fourfold titer increase, symptoms, or contact with an independently documented early syphilis case) was often misinterpreted to include patients with risky behavior, young age, or high nontreponemal test titers. Conclusions: The unknown duration stage should be dropped. Surveillance of latent syphilis would be more consistent if cases were reported as having high or low titers on nontreponemal test. Alternative approaches are solicited from readers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, HIV Prevent Program, STD, Chicago, IL USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, STD HIV AIDS Prevent Program, San Juan, PR USA. Bur Communicable Dis Control, Div STD Control, Washington, DC USA. Bur STD Control, New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Publ Hlth Serv, Div STD & Hepatitis Prevent, San Diego, CA USA. Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles Cty STD Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Peterman, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, E-02,, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM tap1@cdc.gov NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000156552.91788.25 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 900NT UT WOS:000227222300002 PM 15729150 ER PT J AU Wong, D Berman, SM Furness, BW Gunn, RA Taylor, M Peterman, TA AF Wong, D Berman, SM Furness, BW Gunn, RA Taylor, M Peterman, TA TI Time to treatment for women with chlamydial or gonococcal infections: A comparative evaluation of sexually transmitted disease clinics in 3 US cities SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; GONORRHEA; TESTS AB Background: Many women with positive screening tests for chlamydia or gonorrhea are not promptly treated and are at risk for complications and further disease transmission. Improved methods for notifying infected patients might increase timely treatment in this population. Goal: Describe notification procedures at STD clinics in Washington, DC; Los Angeles; and San Diego and compare timeliness of treatment during 2000 to 2002. Study: Interviews were conducted to determine methods for notifying infected patients. Data were abstracted from 327 medical records of women with chlamydia or gonorrhea who had not been treated presumptively. The interval between specimen collection and treatment ("time to treatment") was calculated. Results: Each clinic had different procedures for notifying untreated infected women. Among those treated, the median time to treatment was 18 days in Washington, DC, and 8 days in Los Angeles. In San Diego, the median time to treatment was initially 14 days, which improved to 7 days after patient-notification procedures were changed. Conclusion: Simple changes in patient notification procedures can decrease time to treatment at STD clinics. STD programs should evaluate time to treatment and institute methods for efficient patient follow-up. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Wong, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, E-02,1600 Cllifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM acq6@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 BP 194 EP 198 DI 10.1097/01.olq.0000154494.95138.70 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 900NT UT WOS:000227222300011 PM 15729159 ER PT J AU Savage, RE Kanitz, MH Lotz, WG Conover, D Hennessey, EM Hanneman, WH Witzmann, FA AF Savage, RE Kanitz, MH Lotz, WG Conover, D Hennessey, EM Hanneman, WH Witzmann, FA TI Changes in gene and protein expression in magnetic field-treated human glioma cells SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE genomics; glioma; magnetic field; proteomics ID CARCINOGENS; EXPOSURE AB Because few cancer studies have examined protein profiles and genetic regulation from a single carcinogen exposure, the objective of this study was to determine genetic change via microarray and to evaluate whether that change was a precursor to cellular protein changes. In separate but experimentally identical studies, human glioma SF767 cells were exposed for 3 h to 60-Hz magnetic fields ( sham or 1.2 mu T). Microarray results suggested that magnetic field treatment resulted in the up-regulation of 5 genes, whereas 25 genes were down-regulated. The mean abundance of 10 identified proteins was altered following 1.2 mu T exposure relative to sham ( 3 increase, 7 decrease). These studies suggest a limited but complicated response in the glioma cells to the magnetic field treatment. C1 NIOSH, NRS, EPHB, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Cellular & Integrat Physiol, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. RP Savage, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, NRS, EPHB, DART, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ras6@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 115 EP 120 DI 10.1080/15376520590918829 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 913DC UT WOS:000228130700004 PM 20021071 ER PT J AU Vieira, JC Brackenboro, L Porter, CH Basanez, MG Collins, RC AF Vieira, JC Brackenboro, L Porter, CH Basanez, MG Collins, RC TI Spatial and temporal variation in biting rates and parasite transmission potentials of onchocerciasis vectors in Ecuador SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE onchocerciasis; Simulium exiguum s.l.; Simulium quadrivittatum; vectorial capacity; ivermectin; Ecuador ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT PROCESSES; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SIMULIUM-DAMNOSUM SL; SUDAN-SAVANNA AREA; VOLVULUS INFECTION; BLACK FLIES; POPULATION BIOLOGY; NORTH CAMEROON; SANTIAGO FOCUS; PARITY RATES AB The influence of spatial and temporal factors on onchocerciasis trans mission by Simulium exiguum s.l. and S. quodrivittotum in Ecuador was investigated to help develop sampling protocols for entomological surveillance of ivermectin programmes. Flies were collected in alternate months (November 1995-November 1996) at four sites each in the hyperendemic communities of San Miguel and El Tigre. A fixed-effects analysis of variance was used to explore the influence on vector abundance of locality, site, month and hour. Infectivity rates detected by dissection and PCR assays were compared. Simulium exiguum s.l. predominated at El Tigre (75%) Ecuador whereas S. quadrivittatum prevailed at San Miguel (62%). Vector abundance was highest on river banks and outside houses. Biting and infection rates peaked from March to July. Hourly activity patterns were bimodal in S. exiguum but unimodal in S. quadrivittatum. Annual transmission potentials (ATP) for both species combined were 385 and 733 third stage larvae/person in San Miguel and El Tigre respectively, with S. exiguum accounting for 80% of the combined ATP at both localities. We recommend protocols that may maximize detection of parasite transmission. Infection rates thus obtained must be linked with vector density estimates to assess meaningfully host exposure as treatment progresses. (C) 2004 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Minist Salud Publ Ecuador, Programa Control Oncocercosis Ecuador, Hosp Vozandes, Quito, Ecuador. Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Wellcome Trust Ctr Epidemiol Infect Dis, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Med Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. RP Basanez, MG (reprint author), Minist Salud Publ Ecuador, Programa Control Oncocercosis Ecuador, Hosp Vozandes, Calle Villalengua 267 & 10 Agosto,HCJB Casilla 17, Quito, Ecuador. EM m.basanez@imperial.ac.uk NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 99 IS 3 BP 178 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.03.012 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 896FV UT WOS:000226920900003 PM 15653120 ER PT J AU Rosa, EST Mills, JN Padula, PJ Elkhoury, MR Ksiazek, TG Mendes, WS Santos, ED Araujo, GCB Martinez, VP Rosa, JFST Edelstein, A Vasconcelos, PFC AF Rosa, EST Mills, JN Padula, PJ Elkhoury, MR Ksiazek, TG Mendes, WS Santos, ED Araujo, GCB Martinez, VP Rosa, JFST Edelstein, A Vasconcelos, PFC TI Newly recognized hantaviruses associated with hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in northern Brazil: Partial genetic characterization of viruses and serologic implication of likely reservoirs SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome and Hantaviruses CY JUN 13-16, 2001 CL LES PENSIERES, FRANCE DE hantaviruses; HPS; Anajatuba virus; Oligoryzomys fornesi; Rio Mearim virus; Holochilus sciureus; phylogenetic characterization; Brazil ID SOUTH-AMERICA; ANDES-VIRUS; DIVERSITY; IDENTIFICATION; BUNYAVIRIDAE; INFECTION; ARGENTINA; DISEASE; RODENT AB Following the occurrence of the first laboratory-confirmed cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Maranh (a) over tildeo State, Brazil, rodents were trapped and rodent materials screened by ELISA for antibodies to Sin Nombre and Andes hantaviruses. Antibody-positive samples were tested by RT-PCR, amplified products were sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed for comparison with known hantaviruses. From 104 rodent blood samples collected (40 Bolomys lasiurus, 52 Holochilus sciureus, 12 Oligoryzomys fornesi, and one Proechimys guyannensis), 21 (20.2%) were antibody-positive (one B. lasiurus, five O. fornesi, and 15 H. sciureus). Hantavirus RNA was amplified by PCR from two O. fornesi and four H. sciureus. Viral sequencing identified two hantavirus genotypes. The genotype recovered from O. fornesi, is designated herein as Anajatuba (ANAJ) and the genotype recovered from H. sciureus is designated Rio Mearim (RIME). Phylogenetic analysis of a 643-nucleotide region of the N segment showed both viruses to be most closely related (94-96% nucleotide homology) to Rio Mamore virus, a virus associated with Oligoryzomys microtis in Bolivia and Peru, but not found in northern Brazil. O. fornesi was frequently captured in and around human dwellings. H. sciureus, is a semi-aquatic rodent captured only in remote areas rarely frequented by humans. C1 Inst Evandro Chagas, Dept Arboviruses, SVS, Minist Saude, BR-66090000 Belem, Para, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. ANLIS Dr Carlos G Malbran, INEI, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Secretaria Vigilancia Saude, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Univ Fed Maranhao, Sao Luis, Brazil. RP Vasconcelos, PFC (reprint author), Inst Evandro Chagas, Dept Arboviruses, SVS, Minist Saude, Av Almirante Barroso 492, BR-66090000 Belem, Para, Brazil. EM pedrovasconcelos@iec.pa.gov.br NR 26 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.11 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 916KY UT WOS:000228385000002 PM 15815145 ER PT J AU Godsey, MS Blackmore, MS Panella, NA Burkhalter, K Gottfried, K Halsey, LA Rutledge, R Langevin, SA Gates, R Lamonte, KM Lambert, A Lanciotti, RS Blackmore, CGM Loyless, T Stark, L Oliveri, R Conti, L Komar, N AF Godsey, MS Blackmore, MS Panella, NA Burkhalter, K Gottfried, K Halsey, LA Rutledge, R Langevin, SA Gates, R Lamonte, KM Lambert, A Lanciotti, RS Blackmore, CGM Loyless, T Stark, L Oliveri, R Conti, L Komar, N TI West Nile virus epizootiology in the Southeastern United States, 2001 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; Florida; Georgia ID FIELD-COLLECTED MOSQUITOS; NEW-YORK-CITY; INFECTION; BIRDS; CULEX; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; FLORIDA; ASSAY AB We investigated mosquito and bird involvement in West Nile virus (WNV) transmission in July 2001 in Jefferson County, FL, and Lowndes County, GA. We detected 16 WNV-infected pools from Culex quinquefasciatus, Cx. salinarius, Cx. nigripalpus, and Culiseta melanura. In Florida, 11% of 353 bird sera neutralized WNV. Antibody prevalence was greatest in northern cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis, 75%), northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottus, 50%), common ground-dove (Columbina passerina, 25%), common grackle Quiscalus quiscula, 15%), domestic chicken (Gallus gallus, 16%), and house sparrow (Passer domesticus, 11%). Antibody-positive birds were detected in nine of 11 locations, among which prevalence in chickens ranged from 0% to 100%. Seropositive chickens were detected in Georgia as well. The primary transmission cycle of WNV in the southeastern. United States apparently involves Culex mosquitoes and passerine birds. Chickens are frequently infected and may serve as effective sentinels in this region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Valdosta State Univ, Dept Biol, Valdosta, GA USA. Univ Florida, Jefferson Cty Extens Off, Monticello, FL USA. Univ Florida, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Panama City, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Jacksonville, FL USA. Bur Entomol & Pest Control, Tallahassee, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Godsey, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM mjg9@cdc.gov RI Connelly, Cynthia/A-1088-2010 NR 23 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 5 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 82 EP 89 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.82 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 916KY UT WOS:000228385000010 PM 15815153 ER PT J AU McQuiston, JH Nargund, VN Miller, JD Priestley, R Shaw, EI Thompson, HA AF McQuiston, JH Nargund, VN Miller, JD Priestley, R Shaw, EI Thompson, HA TI Prevalence of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii among veterinary school dairy herds in the United States, 2003 SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE Coxiella burnetii; milk; antibody ID COMPLEMENT-FIXATION; Q-FEVER; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; TESTS AB Prevalence of antibodies to Coxiella burnetii in 24 veterinary school-associated dairy herds in the United States was assessed through laboratory testing of bulk tank milk specimens by indirect immunoflourescent antibody assay. Twenty-two herds (92%) had evidence of antibodies to C. burnetii Phase I antibodies at a titer of >= 1:16, and nine herds (38%) had Phase I antibody titers of >= 1:256. These results suggest that C. burnetii infection is geographically widespread among dairy herds in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McQuiston, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fzh7@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 90 EP 91 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.90 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 916KY UT WOS:000228385000011 PM 15815154 ER PT J AU Natarajan, S Liao, YL Sinha, D Cao, GC McGee, DL Lipsitz, SR AF Natarajan, S Liao, YL Sinha, D Cao, GC McGee, DL Lipsitz, SR TI Sex differences in the effect of diabetes duration on coronary heart disease mortality SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MELLITUS; WOMEN; INFORMATION; VALIDITY; INSULIN AB Background: It is not known whether the coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality risk associated with recent (RDM; < 10 years) or long-standing diabetes mellitus (LDM; greater than or equal to 10 years) varies by sex. Methods: The relationship between diabetes duration and CHD mortality was evaluated among 10 871 adults (aged 35-74 years at baseline) using the 1971-1992 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. Results: The CHD mortality rates per 1000 personyears in men with no myocardial infarction (MI) or diabetes, MI only, RDM only, LDM only, MI and RDM, and MI and LDM were 5.5 (95% confidence interval, 4.86.2), 15.2 (11.6-20.0), 13.2 (7.9-22.1), 11.4 (6.4-20.3), 36.0 (16.7-77.7), and 35.4 (14.0-89.7), respectively. The corresponding rates in women were 2.9 (2.5-3.3), 7.3 (5.010.8), 5.2 (3.5-7.7), 10.7 (7.5-15.5), 9.3 (4.3-19.9), and 21.6 (6.1-76.0), respectively. Compared with MI, the nmltivariate hazard ratios and their 95% confidence intervals (adjusted for age, race, smoking, hypertension, total cholesterol level, and body mass index) for fatal CHD in men with RDM, LDM, MI and RDM, and MI and LDM were 0.7 (0.3-1.3), 0.8 (0.4-1.4), 3.2 (1.4-7.4), and 2.4 (0.8-6.7), respectively. The corresponding ratios in wornen were 0.9 (0.6-1.3), 1.8 (1.1-3.2), 1.3 (0.5-3.5), and 1.6 (0.2-10.9), respectively. Conclusions: In men, RDM and LDM were associated with as high a risk for CHD death as MI. In women, although RDM had a CHD mortality risk similar to MI, LDM had an even greater risk. Because women with LDM are at very high risk for CHD mortality, current guidelines may need to be further refined to match intensity of treatment to risk in these women. C1 Vet Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare Syst, Sect Primary Care, New York, NY USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Loyola Univ, Ctr Med, Dept Prevent Med & Epidemiol, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Stat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Natarajan, S (reprint author), 423 E 23rd St,Room 11101-S, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM sundar.natarajan@med.nyu.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL67460]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK52329] NR 29 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 165 IS 4 BP 430 EP 435 DI 10.1001/archinte.165.4.430 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 901EN UT WOS:000227265900010 PM 15738373 ER PT J AU Lipman, HB AF Lipman, HB TI 9th Biennial CDC/ATSDR Symposium on Statistical Methods: Study Design and Decision Making in Public Health - Preface SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lipman, HB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 491 EP 492 DI 10.1002/sim.2030 PG 2 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 893SP UT WOS:000226739800001 ER PT J AU Hutwagner, LC Thompson, WW Seeman, GM Treadwell, T AF Hutwagner, LC Thompson, WW Seeman, GM Treadwell, T TI A simulation model for assessing aberration detection methods used in public health surveillance for systems with limited baselines SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Statistical Methods -Study Design and Decision-Making in Public Health CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA SP US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry DE aberration; surveillance; syndromic ID ALGORITHM; OUTBREAKS; DISEASES AB Public health officials continue to develop and implement new types of ongoing surveillance systems in an attempt to detect aberrations in surveillance data as early as possible. In public health surveillance, aberrations are traditionally defined as an observed value being, greater than an expected historical value for that same time period. To account for seasonality, traditional aberration detection methods use three or more years of baseline data across the same time period to calculate the expected historical value. Due to the recent implementation of short-term bioterrorism surveillance systems, many of the new surveillance systems have limited historical data from which to calculate an expected baseline value. Three limited baseline aberration detection methods, C1-MILD, C2-MEDIUM, and C3-ULTRA, were developed based on a one-sided positive CUSUM (cumulative sum) calculation, a commonly used quality control method used in the manufacturing industry. To evaluate the strengths and weakness of these methods, data were simulated to represent syndromic data collected through the recently developed hospital-based enhanced syndromic surveillance systems. The three methods were applied to the simulated data and estimates of sensitivity, specificity, and false-positive rates for the three methods were obtained. For the six syndromes, sensitivity for the C1-MILD. C2-MEDIUM. and C3-ULTRA models averaged 48.2, 51.3, and 53.7 per cent, respectively. Similarly, the specificities averaged 97.7, 97.8, and 96.1 per cent, respectively. The average false-positive rates for the three models were 31.8, 29.2, and 41.5 per cent, respectively. The results highlight the value and importance of developing and testing new aberration detection methods for public health surveillance data with limited baseline information. Copyright (C) 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Safety Branch, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hutwagner, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Mail Stop C18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lhutwagner@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 41 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 543 EP 550 DI 10.1002/sim.2034 PG 8 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 893SP UT WOS:000226739800006 PM 15678442 ER PT J AU Rolka, H Bracy, D Russel, C Fram, D Ball, R AF Rolka, H Bracy, D Russel, C Fram, D Ball, R TI Using simulation to assess the sensitivity and specificity of a signal detection tool for multidimensional public health surveillance data SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Statistical Methods -Study Design and Decision-Making in Public Health CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA SP US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry DE surveillance; Monte Carlo; simulation ID INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; REPORTING SYSTEM; PHARMACOVIGILANCE; BIOTERRORISM; OUTBREAKS; EVENTS AB The objective of the work described in this paper is to develop a means for characterizing the validity of an empirical methodology for detecting signals potentially related to complicated adverse event (AE) coding terms in multidimensional public health surveillance data. The signal detection tool under evaluation is the multi-item gamma Poisson shrinkage (MGPS) estimation program. We were interested in its potential application to passive surveillance system monitoring. to screen for 'signals' of complicated adverse event coding terms (AE terms) in complex and noisy data. The research was to design and produce a flexible and user-friendly utility for probabilistically defining, complicated signals in a database. iterating large numbers of applications of the MGPS detection algorithm and establishing proportions of correct detection events. We sought to establish the specificity of the MGPS by developing a random background using a gradient that ranged from rigorous (but not very relevant) to relevant (but noisy). To establish the sensitivity, signals were defined based on recognized public health issues of interest (such as the introduction of a new vaccine into the population). Methods of representing a signal included a simple pair-wise association consisting of a new vaccine and one AE term. as well as a more realistic complex of multiple AE terms comprising a 'syndrome'. A web application has been developed to create and insert signals with user-defined probabilities in multiple iterations of simulated random background data. Three forms of simulated data based on the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) cumulative spontaneous database were defined to serve as background noise against which to contrast introduced vaccine adverse event signals: (1) completely random associations between vaccines and AE terms, (2) random associations of vaccine sets and AE term sets preserving naturally observed vaccine co-occurrences and AE term co-occurrences and (3) samples from the actual VAER data as reported. Rates of detection by the MGPS algorithm can be established for specific signal patterns at varying probabilistic intensities in a choice of random background data forms. Knowing these rates is important for determining the degree of response to an MGPS signal detection event in 'live' data. Published in 2005 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 CDC, NCPHI, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. DynTel Corp, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Lincoln Technol Inc, Wellesley Hills, MA 02481 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RP Rolka, H (reprint author), CDC, NCPHI, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Mailstop E06,Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hrolka@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 551 EP 562 DI 10.1002/sim.2035 PG 12 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 893SP UT WOS:000226739800007 PM 15678409 ER PT J AU Barker, LE Smith, PJ Gerzoff, RB Luman, ET McCauley, MM Strine, TW AF Barker, LE Smith, PJ Gerzoff, RB Luman, ET McCauley, MM Strine, TW TI Ranking states' immunization coverage: an example from the National Immunization Survey SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Statistical Methods -Study Design and Decision-Making in Public Health CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA SP US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry DE immunizations; National Immunization Survey; parametric bootstrap; ranks AB The National Immunization Survey (NIS) provides state-level estimates of preschool immunization coverage. These coverages are frequently presented in ranked lists, and ranks are frequently over-interpreted. In this paper, we highlight the difficulty in interpreting ranked point estimates. To demonstrate the uncertainty of ranks, parametric bootstrap methods were used to derive 90 per cent confidence intervals for ranks of state vaccination coverage levels among preschool children. We graphically compared states to a reference state. If NIS data are used to rank states, one should consider presenting confidence intervals for rank and the results of comparisons of one state with another graphically. Published in 2005 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barker, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lsb8@cdc.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 605 EP 613 DI 10.1002/sim.2039 PG 9 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 893SP UT WOS:000226739800011 PM 15678411 ER PT J AU Caudill, SP Van Dyke, DL Chen, ATL John, AR Ing, PS Schwartz, S Vance, GH AF Caudill, SP Van Dyke, DL Chen, ATL John, AR Ing, PS Schwartz, S Vance, GH TI Evaluating current policy for detecting mosaicism in amniotic fluid cultures: implications for current cell counting practices SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Statistical Methods -Study Design and Decision-Making in Public Health CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA SP US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry DE binomial distribution; cytogenetics; mosaicism; mosaic heterogeneity AB Chromosomal mosaicism is one of the most vexing problems for clinical cytogenetic laboratories and personnel time used for analysis at the microscope is one of the principle costs in cytogenetic laboratories. We use data collected from 26 cytogenetic laboratories to evaluate whether the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines for minimum number of cells to count to exclude mosaicism in amniotic fluid specimens is appropriate. An accurate estimate of the number of mosaics that are missed by current cell counting practices is an important step in this process. Thus, we present a new method for estimating the number of mosaics that are missed and we use computer simulation to evaluate this new method. Our results indicate that if the clinical significance of mosaicism is suspected to be minimal for certain cytogenetic anomalies when the percentage of abnormal cells is 15 per cent or less, then it may be sufficient to use a 15-cell counting-rule-for-detection along with a minimum total cell count of 30 regardless of whether abnormal cells or normal cells are in the minority. Published in 2005 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Clin Chem Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Boys Town Natl Res Hosp, Omaha, NE 68131 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. RP Caudill, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Clin Chem Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS-F25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM spc1@cdc.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 615 EP 622 DI 10.1002/sim.2040 PG 8 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 893SP UT WOS:000226739800012 PM 15678412 ER PT J AU Borkowf, CB Albert, PS AF Borkowf, CB Albert, PS TI Efficient estimation of the risk of a disease by quantile-categories of a key predictor variable using generalized additive models SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Statistical Methods -Study Design and Decision-Making in Public Health CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA SP US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry DE cancer; bootstrap; epidemiology; generalized additive model; permutation test; quantile-category ID MARGINAL DISTRIBUTIONS; EMPIRICAL QUANTILES; REGRESSION AB Suppose that one wishes to make inference to the risk of a disease by the population quartile-categories of a key continuous predictor variable. When one collects data on a prospective cohort, the standard method is simply to categorize the key predictor variable by the empirical quartiles. One may then include indicator variables for these empirical quartile-categories as predictors, along with other covariates, in a generalized linear model (GLM), with the observed health status of each subject as the response. The standard GLM method, however, is relatively inefficient, because it treats all observations that fall in the same quartile-category of the predictor variable identically, regardless of whether they lie in the centre or near the boundaries of that category. Alternatively, one may include the key predictor variable, along with other covariates, in a generalized additive model (GAM), again with the observed health status of each subject as the response. The alternative GAM method non-parametrically estimates the functional relationship between the key predictor variable and the response. One may then compute statistics of interest, such as proportions and odds ratios. from the fitted GAM equation using the empirical quartile-categories. Simulations show that both the GLM and GAM methods are nearly unbiased, but the latter method produces smaller variances and narrower bootstrap confidence intervals. An example from nutritional epidemiology illustrates the use of these methods. Published in 2005 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch,Epidemiol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NCI, Biomet Res Branch, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Borkowf, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch,Epidemiol Sect, Mail Stop A32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM CBorkowf@cdc.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 623 EP 645 DI 10.1002/sim.2041 PG 23 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 893SP UT WOS:000226739800013 PM 15678439 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, JF Cox, LH AF Gonzalez, JF Cox, LH TI Software for tabular data protection SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Statistical Methods -Study Design and Decision-Making in Public Health CY JAN 27-29, 2003 CL Atlanta, GA SP US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry DE statistical disclosure; disclosure limitation; mathematical network AB In order for national statistical offices to maintain the trust of the public to collect data and publish statistics of importance to society and decision-making, it is imperative that respondents (persons or establishments) be guaranteed privacy and confidentiality in return for providing requested confidential data. Consequently, for most survey and census data, disclosure limitation techniques must be applied before the data are ready for public release. For microdata, examples of methods that can he used to identify respondents include directly extracting identifying information from microdata files or indirectly identifying respondents by matching a given file with an external file. For tabular data, respondents may be identified directly from small cell counts or respondent contributions to heavily concentrated cells of magnitude data may be closely approximated by the cell value. Indirect disclosure is possible in tables through manipulation of additive tabular relationships between cell values and totals, e.g. manipulating rows and column totals in a two-dimensional table. Two-dimensional statistical tables are a staple of official statistics. This paper describes a desktop software system that for the first time implements within a single framework four standard disclosure limitation techniques for protecting tabular data in two-dimensional tables: complementary cell suppression, minimum-distance controlled rounding, unbiased controlled rounding, and controlled rounding subject to subtotals constraints, and a fifth, new method: controlled tabular adjustment, and summarizes the five methods. Published in 2005 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Res & Methodol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gonzalez, JF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Res & Methodol, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 3121, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM jgonzalez@cdc.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 659 EP 669 DI 10.1002/sim.2043 PG 11 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 893SP UT WOS:000226739800015 PM 15678440 ER PT J AU Glover, MJ Greenlund, KJ Ayala, C Croft, JB AF Glover, MJ Greenlund, KJ Ayala, C Croft, JB TI Racial/ethnic disparities in prevalence, treatment, and control of hypertension - United States, 1999-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 54, pg 7-9, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glover, MJ (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 23 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 8 BP 923 EP 925 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 899LR UT WOS:000227146400008 ER PT J AU Hu, DJ Subbarao, S Vanichseni, S Mock, PA Ramos, A Nguyen, L Chaowanachan, T van Griensven, F Choopanya, K Mastro, TD Tappero, JW AF Hu, DJ Subbarao, S Vanichseni, S Mock, PA Ramos, A Nguyen, L Chaowanachan, T van Griensven, F Choopanya, K Mastro, TD Tappero, JW TI Frequency of HIV-1 dual subtype infections, including intersubtype superinfections, among injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th World AIDS Conference CY JUL, 2002 CL Barcelona, SPAIN DE HIV; HIV-1 subtype; dual infection; superinfection; incidence; Thailand; Asia ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPE-1 SUPERINFECTION; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; GENETIC DIVERSITY; SEX WORKERS; IDENTIFICATION; RECOMBINATION; SEROCONVERSION; TRANSMISSION; INDIVIDUALS AB Objectives: To estimate the frequency and incidence of dual HIV-1 subtype infections, including superinfections, among recent seroconvertors from a cohort of injection drug users (IDUs). Methods: A total of 1209 HIV-negative IDUs were followed in a prospective cohort study at 15 methadone clinics in Bangkok, Thailand. After 2308 person-years (PY) of follow-up, 133 seroconverted to HIV-1, of which approximately 20% were subtype B and 80%were CRF01_AE (formerly called subtype E). Specimens from 126 individuals were available at time of first seropositive test and specimens from 80 of these 126 individuals were also available more than 12 months later. For each infected participant, we calculated the amount of time to superinfection, loss to follow-up, or to the closest visit more than 12 months after the time of initial seropositivity. Results: Of all 126 seroconverters seen at the time of the first seropositive test result, there was no apparent case of concurrent dual subtype infection detected despite 2301 PY of observation. Overall, the incidence of superinfection was 2.2 per 100 PY [95% confidence interval (Cl), 0.3-7.8]. The 1-year incidence of CRF01_AE superinfection following subtype B primary infection was 3.9 per 100 PY (95% Cl, 0.1-21.9) and the incidence of subtype B superinfection following CRF01_AE primary infection was 1.5 per 100 PY (95% Cl, 0.04-8.3). Conclusions: Determination of the frequency and incidence of dual HIV-1 subtype infection demonstrates that HIV-1 superinfection is not uncommon in a population with high HIV-1 incidence with more than one circulating strain. (c) 2005 Lippincott Williams C Wilkins C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bangkok Metropolitan Adm, Bangkok, Thailand. US CDC, Thailand MOPH, Nonthaburi, Thailand. RP Hu, DJ (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A-12,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM djh9@cdc.gov RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 35 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 18 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 303 EP 308 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 910ZH UT WOS:000227970200009 PM 15718841 ER PT J AU Boily, MC Bastos, FI Desai, K Chesson, H Aral, S AF Boily, MC Bastos, FI Desai, K Chesson, H Aral, S TI Increasing prevalence of male homosexual partnerships and practices in Britain 1990-2000: but why? SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID MORTALITY; HIV C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis, DIDE, London, England. Fiocruz MS, Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boily, MC (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis, DIDE, London, England. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD FEB 18 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 3 BP 352 EP 354 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 910ZH UT WOS:000227970200019 PM 15718851 ER PT J AU Plikaytis, BD Carlone, GM AF Plikaytis, BD Carlone, GM TI Statistical considerations for vaccine immunogenicity trials Part 1: introduction and bioassay design and analysis SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccine; efficacy; statistics; immunogenicity; ELISA; bioassay; noninferiority; immunology ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; POLYSACCHARIDE ANTIBODY-LEVELS; COMBINATION VACCINES; CURVES; QUANTITATION; PARALLELISM; CONJUGATE; MODEL AB The foundation for any vaccine immunogenicity trial is the identification of appropriate correlates for protection and the measurement of these quantities with well-designed bioassays. An important requirement for developing bioassay protocols is the standardization of each procedure, so it is performed in a uniform manner within a facility and, in the case of multicenter trials, across laboratories. It is also crucial to recognize that the selection and use of techniques used to quantify assay endpoints (e.g., antibody concentration) will affect their accuracy and precision and these methods must also be defined and uniformly applied within and across laboratories. This paper discusses a number of methodological issues related to bioassay design and analysis that would ultimately lead to highly accurate assay endpoint determinations with minimum variance that would be comparable across laboratories. Guidelines are presented for the development of bioassay and data analysis protocols. Strengthening vaccine immunogenicity trial protocols will ensure that these quantities are estimated with the greatest degree of reliability and facilitate the subsequent evaluation of new vaccine formulations. Following these guidelines will give other researchers as well as regulatory authorities more confidence in evaluating and comparing the differences in immunogenicity levels elicited by new and developing vaccines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Resp Dis Branch,Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Plikaytis, BD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM brian.plikaytis@cdc.hhs.gov NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 18 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 13 BP 1596 EP 1605 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.046 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 901GZ UT WOS:000227272300008 PM 15694512 ER PT J AU Plikaytis, BD Carlone, GM AF Plikaytis, BD Carlone, GM TI Statistical considerations for vaccine immunogenicity trials Part 2: noninferiority and other statistical approaches to vaccine evaluation SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccine; efficacy; statistics; immunogenicity; ELISA; bioassay; noninferiority; immunology ID GENERAL DESIGN ISSUES; SIDED TESTS PROCEDURE; SUPERIORITY TRIALS; NULL HYPOTHESIS; SAMPLE-SIZE; EFFICACY; EQUIVALENCE; BIOAVAILABILITY; PROTECTION; CORRELATE AB Part 2 of this series investigates the statistical considerations of vaccine evaluation in an active-control trial. In particular, the strengths and weaknesses of the noninferiority methodology will be explored and contrasted for T-cell independent (does not elicit a memory response) and T-cell dependent (elicits a memory response) vaccines. At present, the noninferiority model is widely accepted as the primary tool for comparing the immunogenicity of a new or reformulated vaccine to an already existing licensed product. However, conclusions drawn from statistical hypothesis testing are dependent oil the bioassay endpoint (e.g., antibody concentration) and the metric analyzed (e.g., geometric mean concentration, proportion fold-response. etc.). Competing vaccines may be highly immunogenic and still be judged inferior to licensed vaccines. T-cell dependent vaccines introduce new issues into the evaluation process regarding the analysis of short- and long-term immune response. Also. the kinetics of vaccine response is increasingly being recognized as an important variable in quantifying peak antibody levels after an immunization. This report will also illustrate a method for using multiple immunnogenicity endpoints to measure vaccine effectiveness and protection through the use of statistical models and indicate the strengths and weaknesses of using these techniques. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Resp Dis Branch,Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Plikaytis, BD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM brian.plikaytis@cdc.hhs.gov NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 18 PY 2005 VL 23 IS 13 BP 1606 EP 1614 DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.06.047 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 901GZ UT WOS:000227272300009 PM 15694513 ER PT J AU Parmet, WE Goodman, RA Farber, A AF Parmet, WE Goodman, RA Farber, A TI Individual rights versus the public health - 100 years after Jacobson v. Massachusetts SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Northeastern Univ, Sch Law, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Social Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Parmet, WE (reprint author), Northeastern Univ, Sch Law, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 4 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 17 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 7 BP 652 EP 654 DI 10.1056/NEJMp048209 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 897UO UT WOS:000227031100003 PM 15716558 ER PT J AU Golden, MR Whittington, WLH Handsfield, HH Hughes, JP Stamm, WE Hogben, M Clark, A Malinski, C Helmers, JRL Thomas, KK Holmes, KK AF Golden, MR Whittington, WLH Handsfield, HH Hughes, JP Stamm, WE Hogben, M Clark, A Malinski, C Helmers, JRL Thomas, KK Holmes, KK TI Effect of expedited treatment of sex partners on recurrent or persistent gonorrhea or chlamydial infection SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PRIVATE-SECTOR; UNITED-STATES; NOTIFICATION; CERVICITIS; WOMEN; STD; AZITHROMYCIN; URETHRITIS AB BACKGROUND: Many sex partners of persons with gonorrhea or chlamydial infections are not treated, which leads to frequent reinfections and further transmission. METHODS: We randomly assigned women and heterosexual men with gonorrhea or chlamydial infection to have their partners receive expedited treatment or standard referral. Patients in the expedited-treatment group were offered medication to give to their sex partners, or if they preferred, study staff members contacted partners and provided them with medication without a clinical examination. Patients assigned to standard partner referral were advised to refer their partners for treatment and were offered assistance notifying partners. The primary outcome was persistent or recurrent gonorrhea or chlamydial infection in patients 3 to 19 weeks after treatment. RESULTS: Persistent or recurrent gonorrhea or chlamydial infection occurred in 121 of 931 patients (13 percent) assigned to standard partner referral and 92 of 929 (10 percent) assigned to expedited treatment of sexual partners (relative risk, 0.76; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.59 to 0.98). Expedited treatment was more effective than standard referral of partners in reducing persistent or recurrent infection among patients with gonorrhea (3 percent vs. 11 percent, P=0.01) than in those with chlamydial infection (11 percent vs. 13 percent, P=0.17) (P=0.05 for the comparison of treatment effects) and remained independently associated with a reduced risk of persistent or recurrent infection after adjustment for other predictors of infection at follow-up (relative risk, 0.75; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.57 to 0.97). Patients assigned to expedited treatment of sexual partners were significantly more likely than those assigned to standard referral of partners to report that all of their partners were treated and significantly less likely to report having sex with an untreated partner. CONCLUSIONS: Expedited treatment of sex partners reduces the rates of persistent or recurrent gonorrhea or chlamydial infection. C1 Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Ctr AIDS & Sexually Transmitted Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Ctr Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sexually Transmi, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Golden, MR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31448, K23 AI01846] NR 26 TC 229 Z9 239 U1 1 U2 6 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 17 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 7 BP 676 EP 685 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa041681 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 897UO UT WOS:000227031100006 PM 15716561 ER PT J AU Selik, RM Glynn, MK McKenna, MT AF Selik, RM Glynn, MK McKenna, MT CA CDC TI Diagnoses of HIV/AIDS - 32 States, 2000-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1106-1110, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Selik, RM (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 16 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 7 BP 791 EP 792 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 897DQ UT WOS:000226984600009 ER PT J AU Mahadevan, B Keshava, C Musafia-Jeknic, T Pecaj, A Weston, A Baird, WM AF Mahadevan, B Keshava, C Musafia-Jeknic, T Pecaj, A Weston, A Baird, WM TI Altered gene expression patterns in MCF-7 cells induced by the urban dust particulate complex mixture standard reference material 1649a SO CANCER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MICROSOMAL EPOXIDE HYDROLASE; TISSUE GROWTH-FACTOR; DNA ADDUCT FORMATION; ALDO-KETO REDUCTASE; BREAST-CANCER; AIR-POLLUTION; AMBIENT AIR; METABOLIC-ACTIVATION; HERITABLE MUTATIONS AB Human exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) occur in complex mixtures. Here, gene expression patterns were investigated using standard reference material (SRM) 1649a (urban dust). MCF-7 cells were exposed to SRM 1649a alone or SRM 1649a with either benzo[a]pyrene (BP) or dibenzo[a,l]pyrene (DBP) for 24 hours. Global analyses of the gene expression data revealed alterations of 41 RNA transcripts with at least 2-fold change (signal log ratio less than or equal to -1 or greater than or equal to 1) in response to SRM 1649a exposure. Increase in expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes was observed in response to BP exposure (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1; signal log ratio of 4.7 and 2.5, respectively). An additive induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was observed with cotreatment of SRM 1649a and BP. On the contrary. no change in gene expression of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was observed when the cells were exposed to DBP. Furthermore, to study the effect of complex PAH mixtures on the metabolic activation of carcinogenic PAH to DNA-binding derivatives and to relate this with gene expression studies, PAH-DNA adduct formation was determined. SRM 1649a decreased the total level of BP-DNA adducts in comparison with BP alone. No significant difference in adduct levels was observed in response to either DBP alone or in combination with SRM 1649a. These results provide a transcriptional signature for chemical carcinogen exposure; in addition, they suggest a major factor in carcinogenic activity of PAH within complex mixtures is their ability to promote or inhibit the activation of carcinogenic PAH by the induction of CYP enzymes. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Baird, WM (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, 1007 Agr & Life Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM william.baird@orst.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [CA 28825]; NIEHS NIH HHS [5T32 ES07060-23] NR 47 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 0008-5472 J9 CANCER RES JI Cancer Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1251 EP 1258 DI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-04-2357 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 897IR UT WOS:000226997800018 PM 15735009 ER PT J AU Belongia, EA Naleway, A Kieke, B Qutaishat, S Casey, C Shay, DK Chen, RT AF Belongia, EA Naleway, A Kieke, B Qutaishat, S Casey, C Shay, DK Chen, RT TI Validation of a screening instrument to identify persons for exclusion from smallpox vaccination SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID COMPLICATIONS AB Adults must be screened for atopic dermatitis and other contraindications before smallpox vaccination. We validated the sensitivity of a self-administered Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, GA) screening questionnaire completed by 174 hospital workers, with the workers' medical records as the reference standard. The questionnaire failed to identify one-third of the subjects who had a contraindication, although the incidence of serious adverse events has been low among vaccinees. Further assessment of screening procedures is needed if the administration of smallpox vaccine becomes more widespread in the future. C1 Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. St Josephs Hosp, Marshfield, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, ML2,1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. EM belongia.edward@mcrf.mfldclin.edu OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820; Naleway, Allison/0000-0001-5747-4643 FU PHS HHS [200-2002-00732] NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 4 BP 620 EP 623 DI 10.1086/427694 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 904JN UT WOS:000227492600021 PM 15712089 ER PT J AU Varma, JK Molbak, K Barrett, TJ Beebe, JL Jones, TF Rabatsky-Ehr, T Smith, KE Vugia, DJ Chang, HGH Angulo, FJ AF Varma, JK Molbak, K Barrett, TJ Beebe, JL Jones, TF Rabatsky-Ehr, T Smith, KE Vugia, DJ Chang, HGH Angulo, FJ TI Antimicrobial-resistant nontyphoidal salmonella is associated with excess bloodstream infections and hospitalizations SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Foundation for Infectious Diseases Conference on Antimicrobial Resistance CY JUN 27-29, 2002 CL Bethesda, MD ID ENTERICA SEROTYPE TYPHIMURIUM; UNITED-STATES; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT; FOOD ANIMALS; BACTEREMIA; DIARRHEA; ILLNESS; STRAINS; DISEASE; HUMANS AB Background. Nontyphoidal Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illness. Few studies have explored the health consequences of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella. Methods. The National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) performs susceptibility testing on nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates. The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) ascertains outcomes for patients with culture-confirmed Salmonella infection, in 9 states, each of which participates in NARMS. We analyzed the frequency of bloodstream infection and hospitalization among patients with resistant infections. Isolates defined as resistant to a clinically important agent were resistant to 1 or more of the following agents: ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and/or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Results. During 1996-2001, NARMS received 7370 serotyped, nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates from blood or stool. Bloodstream infection occurred more frequently among patients infected with an isolate resistant to greater than or equal to1 clinically important agent ( adjusted odds ratio [ OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-2.1), compared with patients with pansusceptible infection. During 1996-2001, FoodNet staff ascertained outcomes for 1415 patients who had isolates tested in NARMS. Hospitalization with bloodstream infection occurred more frequently among patients infected with an isolate resistant to greater than or equal to1 clinically important agent (adjusted OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.4-6.6), compared with patients with pansusceptible infection. Conclusions. Patients with antimicrobial-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella infection were more likely to have bloodstream infection and to be hospitalized than were patients with pansusceptible infection. Mitigation of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella will likely benefit human health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Statens Serum Inst, Dept Epidemiol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Colorado Dept Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Minnesota Dept Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. New York Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jvarma@cdc.gov; fangulo@cdc.gov NR 27 TC 143 Z9 152 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 4 BP 554 EP 561 DI 10.1086/427263 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 888ZM UT WOS:000226413100011 PM 15655779 ER PT J AU DiazGranados, CA Jernigan, JA AF DiazGranados, CA Jernigan, JA TI Impact of vancomycin resistance on mortality among patients with neutropenia and enterococcal bloodstream infection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL CHICAGO, IL SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer ID ANTIMICROBIAL SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM; RISK-FACTORS; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; AGGREGATION SUBSTANCE; FAECIUM BACTEREMIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FAECALIS; OUTCOMES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PHAGOCYTOSIS AB We performed a retrospective cohort study to measure the impact of vancomycin resistance on clinical outcome for 83 episodes of enterococcal bloodstream infection ( BSI; 22 with vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE] and 61 with vancomycin-susceptible enterococci [VSE]) in 77 patients with neutropenia. Cox proportional hazards models showed that vancomycin resistance was an independent predictor of mortality, after controlling for severity of illness, enterococcal species, gram-negative copathogens, sex, race, duration of neutropenia before bacteremia, and early administration of active antibiotics. This effect was evident only greater than or equal to10 days after the onset of bacteremia (P = .0263; hazard ratio [HR], 4.969) but not after adjustment for duration of bacteremia. The median duration of bacteremia was 4.5 days for VRE BSI and <1 day for VSE BSI (Pp. = .0001). The only independent predictor of bacteremia duration was vancomycin resistance (P = .0284; HR, 3.863). Vancomycin resistance is associated with increased mortality in patients with neutropenia, possibly because of prolonged duration of bacteremia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jernigan, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop E-68,1600 clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jjernigan@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 191 IS 4 BP 588 EP 595 DI 10.1086/427512 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 888ZM UT WOS:000226413100015 PM 15655783 ER PT J AU Song, HD Tu, CC Zhang, GW Wang, SY Zheng, K Lei, LC Chen, QX Gao, YW Zhou, HQ Xiang, H Zheng, HJ Chern, SWW Cheng, F Pan, CM Xuan, H Chen, SJ Luo, HM Zhou, DH Liu, YF He, JF Qin, PZ Li, LH Ren, YQ Liang, WJ Yu, YD Anderson, L Wang, M Xu, RH Wu, XW Zheng, HY Chen, JD Liang, GD Gao, Y Liao, M Fang, L Jiang, LY Li, H Chen, F Di, B He, LJ Lin, JY Tong, SX Kong, XG Du, L Hao, P Tang, H Bernini, A Yu, XJ Spiga, O Guo, ZM Pan, HY He, WZ Manuguerra, JC Fontanet, A Danchin, A Niccolai, N Li, YX Wu, CI Zhao, GP AF Song, HD Tu, CC Zhang, GW Wang, SY Zheng, K Lei, LC Chen, QX Gao, YW Zhou, HQ Xiang, H Zheng, HJ Chern, SWW Cheng, F Pan, CM Xuan, H Chen, SJ Luo, HM Zhou, DH Liu, YF He, JF Qin, PZ Li, LH Ren, YQ Liang, WJ Yu, YD Anderson, L Wang, M Xu, RH Wu, XW Zheng, HY Chen, JD Liang, GD Gao, Y Liao, M Fang, L Jiang, LY Li, H Chen, F Di, B He, LJ Lin, JY Tong, SX Kong, XG Du, L Hao, P Tang, H Bernini, A Yu, XJ Spiga, O Guo, ZM Pan, HY He, WZ Manuguerra, JC Fontanet, A Danchin, A Niccolai, N Li, YX Wu, CI Zhao, GP TI Cross-host evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in palm civet and human SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME-2; SARS-ASSOCIATED CORONAVIRUS; PHYLOGENETIC TREES; POSITIVE SELECTION; GENOME SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; CHINA; TESTS AB The genomic sequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses from human and palm civet of the 2003/2004 outbreak in the city of Guangzhou, China, were nearly identical. Phylogenetic analysis suggested an independent viral invasion from animal to human in this new episode. Combining all existing data but excluding singletons, we identified 202 single-nucleotide variations. Among them, 17 are polymorphic in palm civets only. The ratio of nonsynonymous/synonymous nucleotide substitution in palm civets collected I yr apart from different geographic locations is very high, suggesting a rapid evolving process of viral proteins in civet as well, much like their adaptation in the human host in the early 2002-2003 epidemic. Major genetic variations in some critical genes, particularly the Spike gene, seemed essential for the transition from animal-to-human transmission to human-to-human transmission, which eventually caused the first severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak of 2002/2003. C1 Chinese Natl Human Genome Ctr, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. Shanghai Med Univ 2, Ruijin Hosp, State key Lab Med Genom Pole Sinofrancais Rech &, Shanghai 200025, Peoples R China. Changchun Univ Agr & Anim Sci, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. Guangdong Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guangdong 510300, Peoples R China. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Guangzhou Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Guangzhou 510080, Peoples R China. Guangdong Prov Vet Stn Epidem Prevent & Supervis, Guangzhou 510230, Peoples R China. S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510246, Peoples R China. S China Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Guangzhou 510246, Peoples R China. Chinese Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Viral Dis Control & Prevent, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Natl Key Lab Vet Biotechnol, Harbin Vet Res Inst, Harbin 150001, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Biol Sci, Bioinformat Ctr, Inst Plant Physiol & Ecol,Hlth Sci Ctr, Shanghai 200031, Peoples R China. Shanghai Ctr Bioinformat Technol, Shanghai 200235, Peoples R China. Univ Chicago, Dept Ecol & Evolut, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Siena, Biomol Struct Res Ctr, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Univ Siena, Dept Mol Biol, I-53100 Siena, Italy. Inst Pasteur, F-75724 Paris 15, France. Fudan Univ, State Key Lab Genet Engn, Dept Microbiol, Sch Life Sci, Shanghai 200433, Peoples R China. RP Zhao, GP (reprint author), Chinese Natl Human Genome Ctr, 250 Bi Bo Rd,Zhang Jiang High Tech Pk, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. EM gpzhao@sibs.ac.cn RI Gao, Yang/C-7825-2009; Song, Huai-Dong/G-8961-2011; Bernini, Andrea/H-9412-2012; OI Bernini, Andrea/0000-0002-7528-2749; Danchin, Antoine/0000-0002-6350-5001 NR 23 TC 224 Z9 258 U1 6 U2 39 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 7 BP 2430 EP 2435 DI 10.1073/pnas.0409608102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 898JM UT WOS:000227073100034 PM 15695582 ER PT J AU Lin, HM Lyles, RH Williamson, JM Kunselman, AR AF Lin, HM Lyles, RH Williamson, JM Kunselman, AR TI Estimation of the intervention effect in a non-randoinized study with pre- and post-mismeasured binary responses SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE binary response; intervention effect; misclassification; regression effect; validation study ID COVARIATE MEASUREMENT ERROR; VALIDATION-STUDY DESIGNS; LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; OTITIS-MEDIA; MISCLASSIFICATION; TYMPANOMETRY; UNCERTAINTY; EFFICIENT; SUBJECT; PLACEBO AB In non-randomized clinical studies, the regression phenomenon can confound interpretation of the effectiveness of an intervention. The regression effect arises due to daily variation and/or misclassification of the biologic marker used in selection as well as in the assessment of the intervention effect. We consider a scenario in which the selection criterion for a subject's participation in the study is such that he/she must have a positive diagnostic test at screening. The disease status is then reassessed at the end of intervention. Thus, two repeated measurements of a binary disease outcome are available. with only selected subjects having a second measurement upon follow-up. We propose methods for estimating the change in event probability resulting from implementing the intervention while adjusting for the misclassification that produces the regression effect. We extend this approach to estimation of both the placebo and intervention effects in placebo-controlled studies designed with a misclassified binary outcome. Analyses of two biomedical studies are used for illustration. Copyright D 2004, John Wiley Sons. Ltd. C1 Penn State Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lin, HM (reprint author), Penn State Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, A210,600 Centerview Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. EM hlin@hes.hmc.psu.edu FU AHRQ HHS [R03 HS11452]; NIDDK NIH HHS [R01 DK59601-01] NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 419 EP 435 DI 10.1002/sim.1957 PG 17 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 892OE UT WOS:000226659100006 PM 15543548 ER PT J AU Song, RG Hall, HI Frey, R AF Song, RG Hall, HI Frey, R TI Uncertainties associated with incidence estimates of HIV/AIDS diagnoses adjusted for reporting delay and risk redistribution SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE confidence interval; HIV/AIDS; incidence; reporting delay; risk redistribution AB Reporting delay occurs frequently in the case surveillance of a disease such as HIV/AIDS. To e)evaluate the current trend of incidence. it is important to consider incidence estimates adjusted for reporting delays and the uncertainty associated with this adjustment. For a surveillance system in which cases are reported monthly, there is no straightforward method for constructing the confidence interval estimators for annual incidence or incidence for a period longer than a month. This is because the monthly incidence estimators are not independent and the correlations among them are not available. Furthermore. to estimate the incidence for a specific risk, or exposure, group (e.g. men who have sex with men). we also have to consider the uncertainty associated with the counts from cases reported without an identified risk. Cases with no reported risk are assigned proportionally to each risk group on the basis of experience with cases reported initially with no reported risk but reported later with an identified risk. In this article, we introduce a method for combining the uncertainties associated with both reporting delay and risk redistribution. An estimator for the covariance between two incidence estimators is also provided so that we can make pairwise comparisons and discover any significant changes in incidence over time. Results are applied to evaluating the current trends in AID incidence among men who have sex with men in the United States. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons. Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Song, RG (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop E-48,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rsong@cdc.gov NR 8 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 453 EP 464 DI 10.1002/sim.1935 PG 12 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 892OE UT WOS:000226659100008 PM 15532097 ER PT J AU Landi, MT Bergen, AW Baccarelli, A Patterson, DG Grassman, J Ter-Minassian, M Mocarelli, P Caporaso, N Masten, SA Pesatori, AC Pittman, GS Bell, DA AF Landi, MT Bergen, AW Baccarelli, A Patterson, DG Grassman, J Ter-Minassian, M Mocarelli, P Caporaso, N Masten, SA Pesatori, AC Pittman, GS Bell, DA TI CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 genotypes, haplotypes, and TCDD-induced gene expression in subjects from seveso, Italy SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin; CYP1A1; CYP1B1; genotypes; haplotypes; gene expression ID CYTOCHROME P4501B1 VARIANTS; PRIMARY CONGENITAL GLAUCOMA; LUNG-CANCER RISK; HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; DIOXIN EXPOSURE; POOLED ANALYSIS; POLYMORPHISMS; POPULATION; ASSOCIATION AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is highly toxic in experimental animals, and is known to induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) gene expression. We investigated the effect of CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 variant genotypes and haplotypes on CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 mRNA expression and ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity in lymphocytes from 121 subjects from the Seveso population, Italy, accidentally exposed to TCDD in 1976. The 3'UTR 3801T>C and 1462V variants of CYP1A1 were present in 16% and 6% of the subjects, respectively. The frequency of CYP1B1 variants was 85.2% for L432V, 49.6% for R48G and A119S, and 28.7% for N453S. There was complete linkage disequilibrium (LD) among the CYP1B1 variant loci (D' = -1) and high LD among the CYP1A1 loci (D' = 0.86). Gene expression measured by RT-PCR did not vary by CYP1B1 genotype in uncultured lymphocytes. However, when lymphocytes were treated in vitro with 10 nM TODD, CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 mRNA expression was strongly induced and modified by CYP variant alleles. Specifically, the CYP1B1*3 haplotype (L432V) was associated with increased CYP1B1 mRNA expression (P = 0.03), following an additive model; the CYP1A1 1462V polymorphism was positively, although not significantly, associated with CYP1A1 expression. The CYP1B1*3 variant may have affected CYP1B1 expression in subjects highly and acutely exposed to dioxin at the time of the accident. Although based on small number of subjects, a slight increase in eczema (P = 0.05, n = 8) and urticaria (P = 0.02, n = 2) was observed 20 years after the accident in subjects carrying the CYP1B1*3 allele. Genetic variation in cytochrome P450 induction may identify subjects with variable responsiveness to TCDD and potentially increased risk of disease. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, EPS,NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA. Univ Milan Bicocca, Hosp Desio, Dept Lab Med, Desio, Italy. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Milan, Epidemiol Res Ctr, EPOCA, Milan, Italy. Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Computat Biol & Risk Anal, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Landi, MT (reprint author), NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, EPS,NIH, 6120 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM Iandim@mail.nih.gov RI masten, scott/R-1403-2016; OI masten, scott/0000-0002-7847-181X; Baccarelli, Andrea/0000-0002-3436-0640; Bergen, Andrew/0000-0002-1237-7644; pesatori, angela/0000-0002-0261-3252 NR 61 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 207 IS 2 BP 191 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.tox.2004.08.021 PG 12 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 892JB UT WOS:000226645500003 PM 15596250 ER PT J AU Lu, C Bravo, R Caltabiano, LM Irish, RM Weerasekera, G Barr, DB AF Lu, C Bravo, R Caltabiano, LM Irish, RM Weerasekera, G Barr, DB TI The presence of dialkylphosphates in fresh fruit juices: Implication for organophosphorus pesticide exposure and risk assessments SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES LA English DT Article ID DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; CENTRAL WASHINGTON-STATE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; AGRICULTURAL COMMUNITY; URINARY ALKYLPHOSPHATES; MANUAL OPERATIONS; INSECTICIDES; POPULATION; AREA; CHLORPYRIFOS AB This study was designed to determine whether dialkylphosphates (DAPs) are present in fresh fruit juices, as a result of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides degradation. Fresh conventional and organic fruit (apple and orange) juices were purchased from local grocery stores. DAPs were found in both conventional and organic juices, and the original levels were higher, for both apple and orange juices, in conventional than in organic juices. Additional DAPs were found in OP pesticide fortified juices after 72 h of storage at 4degreesC, suggesting a degradation of OP pesticides in juices. Overall, 12% and 36.2% of fortified azinphosmethyl, a dimethyl OP pesticide, and the combination of fortified diazinon and chlorpyrifos, both diethyl OP pesticides, were degraded to dimethyl and diethyl DAPs, respectively. Although the exact mechanism of the degradation is unknown, hydrolysis is likely the cause of OP pesticide degradation in juice. The presence of DAPs in fresh fruit juices clouds the validity of using urinary DAP measurements for estimating OP pesticide exposures in humans, particularly in children. The overestimated OP pesticide exposures based on urinary DAPs reported in other studies is likely, due to the coexistence of preformed DAPs and DAPs resulting from OP pesticide exposures. Thus, before urinary DAP concentrations can be reliably used in exposure and risk assessment, the proportion of the concentration attributable to environmental DAP exposure, particularly through the diet, must be ascertained. In conclusion, urinary DAPs have many limitations when being used as biomarkers for OP pesticides in exposure and risk assessment, and caution should be exercised when interpreting DAPs results. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Lu, C (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM clu2@sph.emory.edu RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 35 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A PD FEB 13 PY 2005 VL 68 IS 3 BP 209 EP 227 DI 10.1080/15287390590890554 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 886ZG UT WOS:000226271200004 PM 15762180 ER PT J AU Willoughby, RE Rotar, MM Dhonau, HL Ericksen, KM Cappozzo, DL Kazmierczak, JJ Davis, JP Rupprecht, CE Newman, AP Chapman, AS AF Willoughby, RE Rotar, MM Dhonau, HL Ericksen, KM Cappozzo, DL Kazmierczak, JJ Davis, JP Rupprecht, CE Newman, AP Chapman, AS CA CDC TI Recovery of a patient from clinical rabies - Wisconsin, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1171-1173, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Agnesian Healthcare, Fond Du Lac, WI USA. Fond du Lac Cty Hlth Dept, Fond Du Lac, WI USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Willoughby, RE (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 9 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 6 BP 669 EP 670 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 895DX UT WOS:000226842200009 ER PT J AU Kay, C Patrick, D Keystone, J Bodie-Collins, M Riera, C Puello, J Jelinek, T Freedman, D Kozarsky, P Reed, C Parise, M Nguyen-Dinh, P Steketee, R Eliades, M AF Kay, C Patrick, D Keystone, J Bodie-Collins, M Riera, C Puello, J Jelinek, T Freedman, D Kozarsky, P Reed, C Parise, M Nguyen-Dinh, P Steketee, R Eliades, M CA CDC TI Transmission of malaria in resort areas - Dominican Republic, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1195-1198, 2005) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Univ Hlth Network GeoSentinel, Toronto, ON, Canada. Berlin Inst Trop Med, Berlin, Germany. Int Soc Travel Med, GeoSentinel Global Surveillance Network, Stone Mt, GA USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kay, C (reprint author), British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 9 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 6 BP 671 EP 672 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 895DX UT WOS:000226842200010 ER PT J AU Escalante, AA Cornejo, OE Freeland, DE Poe, AC Durrego, E Collins, WE Lal, AA AF Escalante, AA Cornejo, OE Freeland, DE Poe, AC Durrego, E Collins, WE Lal, AA TI A monkey's tale: The origin of Plasmodium vivax as a human malaria parasite SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE Duffy; genetic diversity; host-switch ID ERYTHROCYTE CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR; RNA GENE-SEQUENCES; BLOOD-GROUP LOCUS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; NATURAL-SELECTION; FALCIPARUM; MITOCHONDRIAL; EVOLUTIONARY; POPULATIONS; GENOME AB The high prevalence of Duffy negativity (lack of the Duffy blood group antigen) among human populations in sub-Saharan Africa has been used to argue that Plasmodium vivax originated on that continent. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships among 10 species of Plasmodium that infect primates by using three genes, two nuclear (beta-tubulin and cell division cycle 2) and a gene from the plastid genome (the elongation factor Tu). We find compelling evidence that A vivax is derived from a species that inhabited macaques in Southeast Asia. Specifically, those phylogenies that include A vivax as an ancient lineage from which all of the macaque parasites could originate are significantly less likely to explain the data. We estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor at four neutral gene loci from Asian and South American isolates (a minimum sample of seven isolates per locus). Our analysis estimates that the extant populations of P. vivax originated between 45,680 and 81,607 years ago. The phylogeny and the estimated time frame for the origination of current P. vivax populations are consistent with an "out of Asia" origin for P. vivax as hominoid parasite. The current debate regarding how the Duffy negative trait became fixed in Africa needs to be revisited, taking into account not only human genetic data but also the genetic diversity observed in the extant P. vivax populations and the phylogeny of the genus Plasmodium. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Escalante, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Branch, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM aescalante@cdc.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM60740, R01 GM060740] NR 55 TC 124 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD FEB 8 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1980 EP 1985 DI 10.1073/pnas.0409652102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 898JK UT WOS:000227072900034 PM 15684081 ER PT J AU Towner, JS Paragas, J Dover, JE Gupta, M Goldsmith, CS Huggins, JW Nichol, ST AF Towner, JS Paragas, J Dover, JE Gupta, M Goldsmith, CS Huggins, JW Nichol, ST TI Generation of eGFP expressing recombinant Zaire ebolavirus for analysis of early pathogenesis events and high-throughput antiviral drug screening SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Zaire ebolavirus; hemorrhagic disease; cGFP; recombinant virus ID VIRUS INFECTION; FILOVIRUS INFECTIONS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RHESUS-MONKEYS; MOUSE MODEL; IN-VITRO; GLYCOPROTEIN; REPLICATION; ALPHA; CELLS AB Zaire ebolavirus causes large outbreaks of severe and usually fatal hemorrhagic disease in humans for which there is no effective treatment or cure. To facilitate examination of early critical events in viral pathogenesis and to identify antiviral compounds, a recombinant Zaire ebolavirus was engineered to express a foreign protein, eGFP, to provide a rapid and sensitive means to monitor virus replication in infected cells. This genetically engineered virus represents the first insertion of a foreign gene into ebolavirus. We show that Ebola-eGFP virus (EboZ-eGFP) infects known early targets of human infections and serves as an ideal model to screen antiviral compounds in less time than any previously published assay. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, NCID, Mailstop G14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM stn1@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 5 PY 2005 VL 332 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.10.048 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 892ZM UT WOS:000226688500004 PM 15661137 ER PT J AU Hoshino, Y Honma, S Jones, RW Ross, J Santos, N Gentsch, JR Kapikian, AZ Hesse, RA AF Hoshino, Y Honma, S Jones, RW Ross, J Santos, N Gentsch, JR Kapikian, AZ Hesse, RA TI A porcine G9 rotavirus strain shares neutralization and VP7 phylogenetic sequence lineage 3 characteristics with contemporary human G9 rotavirus strains SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; porcine rotavirus; serotype G9; neutralization characterization ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SEROTYPE G9; GENOMIC CHARACTERIZATION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; VACCINE CANDIDATES; UNITED-STATES; REASSORTANT ROTAVIRUSES; ANTIGENIC RELATIONSHIPS AB Of five globally important VP7 (G) serotypes (G1-4 and 9) of group A rotaviruses (the single most important etiologic agents of infantile diarrhea worldwide), G9 continues to attract considerable attention because of its unique natural history. Serotype G9 rotavirus was isolated from a child with diarrhea first in the United States in 1983 and subsequently in Japan in 1985. Curiously, soon after their detection, G9 rotaviruses were not detected for about a decade in both countries and then reemerged in both countries in the mid-1990s. Unexpectedly, however, such reemerged (39 strains were distinct genetically and molecularly from those isolated in the 1980s. Thus, the origin of the reemerged G9 viruses remains an enigma. Sequence analysis has demonstrated that the G9 rotavirus VP7 gene belongs to one of at least three phylogenetic lineages: lineage 1 (strains isolated in the 1980s in the United States and Japan), lineage 2 (strains first isolated in 1986 and exclusively in India thus far), and lineage 3 (strains that emerged/reemerged in the mid-1990s). Currently, lineage 3 G9 viruses are the most frequently detected G9 strains globally. We characterized a porcine rotavirus (A2 strain) isolated in the United States that was known to belong to the P[7] genotype but had not been serotyped by neutralization. The A2 strain was found to bear serotype G9 and P9 specificities as well as NSP4 [B] and subgroup I characteristics. By VP7-specific neutralization, the porcine G9 strain was more closely related to lineage 3 viruses than to lineage 1 or 2 viruses. Furthermore, by sequence analysis, the A2 VP7 was shown to belong to lineage 3 G9. These findings raise intriguing questions regarding possible explanations for the emergence of variations among the G9 strains. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NIAID, Epidemiol Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Intervet Inc, DeSoto, KS 66018 USA. RP Hoshino, Y (reprint author), NIAID, Epidemiol Sect, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bldg 50,Room 6308,50 S Dr,MSC 8026, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM thoshino@niaid.nih.gov; shonma@niaid.nih.gov; rjones@niaid.nih.gov; jross@niaid.nih.gov; nsantos@niaid.nih.gov; jrg4@cdc.gov; akapikian@niaid.nih.gov; Dick.Hesse@intervet.com RI Santos, Norma/H-6986-2015 OI Santos, Norma/0000-0002-5123-9172 NR 87 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 5 PY 2005 VL 332 IS 1 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.virol.2004.11.006 PG 12 WC Virology SC Virology GA 892ZM UT WOS:000226688500017 PM 15661150 ER PT J AU Nguyen, HQ Jumaan, AO Seward, JF AF Nguyen, HQ Jumaan, AO Seward, JF TI Decline in mortality due to varicella after implementation of varicella vaccination in the United States SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DEATHS AB BACKGROUND: Varicella disease has been preventable in the United States since 1995. Starting in 1999, active and passive surveillance data showed sharp decreases in varicella disease. We reviewed national death records to assess the effect of the vaccination program on mortality associated with varicella. METHODS: Data on deaths for which varicella was listed as an underlying or contributing cause were obtained from National Center for Health Statistics Multiple Cause-of-Death Mortality Data for 1990 through 2001. We calculated the numbers and rates of death due to varicella according to age, sex, race, ethnic background, and birthplace. RESULTS: The rate of death due to varicella fluctuated from 1990 through 1998 and then declined sharply. For the interval from 1990 through 1994, the average number of varicella-related deaths was 145 per year (varicella was listed as the underlying cause in 105 deaths and as a contributing cause in 40); it then declined to 66 per year during 1999 through 2001. For deaths for which varicella was listed as the underlying cause, age-adjusted mortality rates dropped by 66 percent, from an average of 0.41 death per 1 million population during 1990 through 1994 to 0.14 during 1999 through 2001 (P<0.001). This decline was observed in all age groups under 50 years, with the greatest reduction (92 percent) among children 1 to 4 years of age. In addition, by the period from 1999 through 2001, the average rates of mortality due to varicella among all racial and ethnic groups were below 0.15 per 1 million population, as compared with rates ranging from 0.37 per 1 million for whites to 0.66 per 1 million for other races in the period from 1990 through 1994. CONCLUSIONS: The program of universal childhood vaccination against varicella in the United States has resulted in a sharp decline in the rate of death due to varicella. C1 CDCP, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Seward, JF (reprint author), CDCP, Viral Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM jseward@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 209 Z9 231 U1 0 U2 6 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 3 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 5 BP 450 EP 458 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa042271 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 893NE UT WOS:000226725400005 PM 15689583 ER PT J AU Kazakova, SV Hageman, JC Matava, M Srinivasan, A Phelan, L Garfinkel, B Boo, T McAllister, S Anderson, J Jensen, B Dodson, D Lonsway, D McDougal, LK Arduino, M Fraser, VJ Killgore, G Tenover, FC Cody, S Jernigan, DB AF Kazakova, SV Hageman, JC Matava, M Srinivasan, A Phelan, L Garfinkel, B Boo, T McAllister, S Anderson, J Jensen, B Dodson, D Lonsway, D McDougal, LK Arduino, M Fraser, VJ Killgore, G Tenover, FC Cody, S Jernigan, DB TI A clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among professional football players SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INDUCIBLE CLINDAMYCIN RESISTANCE; PANTON-VALENTINE LEUKOCIDIN; COMMUNITY; INFECTIONS; DISEASES AB BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging cause of infections outside of health care settings. We investigated an outbreak of abscesses due to MRSA among members of a professional football team and examined the transmission and microbiologic characteristics of the outbreak strain. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study and nasal-swab survey of 84 St. Louis Rams football players and staff members. S. aureus recovered from wound, nasal, and environmental cultures was analyzed by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and typing for resistance and toxin genes. MRSA from the team was compared with other community isolates and hospital isolates. RESULTS: During the 2003 football season, eight MRSA infections occurred among 5 of the 58 Rams players (9 percent); all of the infections developed at turf-abrasion sites. MRSA infection was significantly associated with the lineman or linebacker position and a higher body-mass index. No MRSA was found in nasal or environmental samples; however, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus was recovered from whirlpools and taping gel and from 35 of the 84 nasal swabs from players and staff members (42 percent). MRSA from a competing football team and from other community clusters and sporadic cases had PFGE patterns that were indistinguishable from those of the Rams' MRSA; all carried the gene for Panton-Valentine leukocidin and the gene complex for staphylococcal-cassette-chromosome mec type IVa resistance (clone USA300-0114). CONCLUSIONS: We describe a highly conserved, community-associated MRSA clone that caused abscesses among professional football players and that was indistinguishable from isolates from various other regions of the United States. C1 CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthoped Surg, St Louis, MO USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, St Louis, MO USA. BJC Med Grp, St Louis, MO USA. St Louis Rams Profess Football Team, St Louis, MO USA. Santa Clara Cty Hlth Dept, Off Dis Control, San Jose, CA USA. RP Kazakova, SV (reprint author), CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM srk7@cdc.gov RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 25 TC 471 Z9 490 U1 1 U2 22 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 3 PY 2005 VL 352 IS 5 BP 468 EP 475 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa042859 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 893NE UT WOS:000226725400007 PM 15689585 ER PT J AU Link, MW Mokdad, AH Elam-Evans, L Balluz, LS Garvin, WS Bartoli, WP Town, GM Sussman-Walsh, M O'Neill, K Gilbertz, D Chu, SY Euler, GL Brown, CJ Lu, PJ Bridges, CB Stokley, S AF Link, MW Mokdad, AH Elam-Evans, L Balluz, LS Garvin, WS Bartoli, WP Town, GM Sussman-Walsh, M O'Neill, K Gilbertz, D Chu, SY Euler, GL Brown, CJ Lu, PJ Bridges, CB Stokley, S TI Estimated influenza vaccination coverage among adults and children - United States, September 1-November 30, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1147-1153, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Link, MW (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 2 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 5 BP 539 EP + PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 893BL UT WOS:000226694200004 ER PT J AU Eberhardt, MS Ogden, C Engelgau, M Cadwell, B Hedley, AA Saydah, SH AF Eberhardt, MS Ogden, C Engelgau, M Cadwell, B Hedley, AA Saydah, SH TI Prevalence of overweight and obesity among adults with diagnosed diabetes - United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1066-1068, 2004) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID WEIGHT-LOSS C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Eberhardt, MS (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 2 PY 2005 VL 293 IS 5 BP 546 EP 547 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 893BL UT WOS:000226694200006 ER PT J AU Boone, DJ AF Boone, DJ TI Quality in laboratory medicine SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Editorial Material DE medical errors and laboratory mistakes; Quality Institute; Institute for Quality in Laboratory; medicine; patient safety; improving laboratory services C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Boone, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, 4770 Buford Highway MS-G25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM dboone@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 76 EP 77 DI 10.1007/s00769-004-0839-5 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 905ZA UT WOS:000227609100002 ER PT J AU DeGiorgio, C Pietsch-Escueta, S Tsang, V Corral-Leyva, G Ng, L Medina, MT Astudillo, S Padilla, N Leyva, P Martinez, L Noh, J Levine, M del Villasenor, R Sorvillo, F AF DeGiorgio, C Pietsch-Escueta, S Tsang, V Corral-Leyva, G Ng, L Medina, MT Astudillo, S Padilla, N Leyva, P Martinez, L Noh, J Levine, M del Villasenor, R Sorvillo, F TI Sero-prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis and Taenia solium Taeniasis in California, USA SO ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA LA English DT Article DE T. solium Taeniasis; T. solium Cysticercosis; neurocysticercosis; cysticercosis; epilepsy; prevalence; epidemiology; sero-prevalence; seizures; United States ID RURAL VILLAGE; MEXICO; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; STATE AB Objectives - Taenia solium Cysticercosis is a leading cause of epilepsy and neurological disability in the developing world. It is caused by ingestion of the eggs of the tapeworm, T. solium Taeniasis. The prevalence of either T. solium Cysticercosis or T. solium Taeniasis in the United States in populations at risk is poorly understood. The primary objectives of this study are to perform the first study of the sero-prevalence of T. solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis in an at-risk community in the USA, specifically rural Southern California; identify T. solium Taeniasis positive individuals, and treat positive individuals for the tapeworm T. solium Taeniasis. Methods - Community based sero-prevalence study of antibodies to T. solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis in 449 subjects living in a federally funded, predominantly Hispanic residential community; and in two migrant farm worker camps in rural Ventura County, California, USA. For this study, fingerstick blood samples were obtained. Serum immunoblots for both T. solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis were performed. Results - The sero-prevalence of T. solium Cysticercosis was 1.8% and the sero-prevalence of T. solium Taeniasis by serum immunoblot was 1.1%. Taenia solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis antibodies were not detected in children. The sero-prevalence of T. solium Taeniasis was highest in the migrant farm worker community. Handwashing frequency was correlated with T. solium Taeniasis sero-positivity. Conclusion - The sero-prevalence of T. solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis in this population, as detected by serum immunoblot, approximates the prevalence in some endemic areas of Latin America. Importantly, most patients likely had prior exposure, not active infection. This study establishes for the first time, the relative sero-prevalence of T. solium Cysticercosis and T. solium Taeniasis in at-risk populations in the United States. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Natl Univ Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP DeGiorgio, C (reprint author), Reed Neurol Res Inst, 710 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM cmd@mednet.ucla.edu FU NIDCD NIH HHS [CDC 000163811] NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-6314 J9 ACTA NEUROL SCAND JI Acta Neurol. Scand. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 111 IS 2 BP 84 EP 88 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2005.00373.x PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 887VM UT WOS:000226333600002 PM 15644066 ER PT J AU Baskin, ML Braithwaite, RL Eldred, L Glassman, M AF Baskin, ML Braithwaite, RL Eldred, L Glassman, M TI Introduction to the special supplement: Prevention with persons living with HIV SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baskin, ML (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, RPHB 227,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM mbaskin@uab.edu NR 3 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 SU A BP 1 EP 5 DI 10.1521/aeap.17.2.1.58698 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 902CF UT WOS:000227328200001 PM 15843113 ER PT J AU Gordon, CM Forsyth, AD Stall, R Cheever, LW AF Gordon, CM Forsyth, AD Stall, R Cheever, LW TI Prevention interventions with persons living with HIV/AIDS: State of the science and future directions SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID RISK REDUCTION INTERVENTION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; SAFER-SEX; HIV; EFFICACY; CARE; MEN; OPPORTUNITIES AB The National Institutes of Health (NIH/NIMH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the HIV/AIDS Bureau of the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) support the CDC's Serostatus Approach to Fighting the HIV Epidemic (SAFE; Janssen et al., 2001). One aim of the strategy is to help individuals living with HIV (and their partners) adopt and sustain HIV and STD risk reduction, treatment adherence, and effective strategies for coping with HIV/AIDS. Efficacious interventions are needed by community organizations and clinics that provide evidence-based services. To expedite translation from research to practice, we convened scientist-practitioners, HIV treatment and prevention providers, and community/consumer members. In this article, we include an overview of prevention trials with HIV-positive persons presented at the meeting, discuss strengths and limitations, recommendations for future research, and discuss sponsoring agencies' plans for advancing prevention tailored for persons living with HIV. C1 NIMH, Ctr Mental Hlth Res AIDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. HIV AIDS Bur, HRSA, Rockville, MD USA. RP Gordon, CM (reprint author), NIMH, Ctr Mental Hlth Res AIDS, 6001 Execut Blvd,Room 6204, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM cgordon1@mail.nih.gov NR 22 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 SU A BP 6 EP 20 DI 10.1521/aeap.17.2.6.58697 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 902CF UT WOS:000227328200002 PM 15843114 ER PT J AU Knight, KR Purcell, D Dawson-Rose, C Halkitis, PN Gomez, CA AF Knight, KR Purcell, D Dawson-Rose, C Halkitis, PN Gomez, CA CA Seropositive Urban Injectors Study TI Sexual risk taking among HIV-positive injection drug users: Contexts, characteristics, and implications for prevention SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID SAN-FRANCISCO; COCAINE USE; BEHAVIORS; TRANSMISSION; SEROSTATUS; COUPLES; GENDER; CRACK AB HIV-positive injection drug users (IDUs) (N = 161) were recruited to complete a qualitative interview and a quantitative survey about sexual behavior and transmission risk. We identified two contexts in which exposure encounters occurred most commonly for HIV-positive IDUs: in intimate serodiscordant relationships and in the drug/sex economy. Salient characteristics in both contexts included the role of intimacy, drug use and sexual decision making, disclosure of HIV status, and perceived responsibility. Although these characteristics emerged in both risk contexts, they operated differently within each context. The preservation of intimacy was paramount among those in serodiscordant relationships, and agreements to take risks were common. In the drug/sex economy, serostatus disclosure was uncommon and drug acquisition and use played a significant role in sexual risk taking. Our data emphasize a need to address the specific transmission risk contexts occurring among HIV-positive IDUs and to prioritize social and interpersonal factors when promoting safer sexual norms among HIV-positive IDUs. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NYU, Dept Appl Psychol, New York, NY USA. RP Knight, KR (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, 74 New Montgomery St,Suite 506, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. EM kknight@psg.ucsf.edu OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 NR 22 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 SU A BP 76 EP 88 DI 10.1521/aeap.17.2.76.58692 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 902CF UT WOS:000227328200007 PM 15843119 ER PT J AU Belcher, L Sternberg, MR Wolitski, RJ Halkitis, P Hoff, C AF Belcher, L Sternberg, MR Wolitski, RJ Halkitis, P Hoff, C CA Seropositive Urban Men's Study Tea TI Condom use and perceived risk of HIV transmission among sexually active HIV-positive men who have sex with men SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID COMBINATION THERAPIES; GAY MEN; PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; AIDS; PERCEPTIONS; EPIDEMIC; IMPACT AB This study examined the association between HIV transmission risk perception and the sexual risk behaviors of HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Respondents rated the degree of risk of transmitting HIV through insertive anal intercourse and insertive oral sex. We examined (a) the perceived level of HIV transmission risk assigned to each sexual behavior and (b) the association between perceived risk for HIV transmission and condom use during insertive anal intercourse and insertive oral sex. We found for behaviors that have achieved less risk consensus that as transmission risk perception increases, so too does the likelihood of condom use. This study highlights the need for more research in understanding how perceived health risk to others influences protective behaviors. C1 CDCP, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Belcher, L (reprint author), CDCP, Prevent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM fcb2@cdc.gov RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU2133607, U62/CCU2133605, U62/CCU913557] NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 EI 1943-2755 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 17 IS 1 BP 79 EP 89 DI 10.1521/aeap.17.1.79.58690 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 901ID UT WOS:000227275300007 PM 15843112 ER PT J AU Li, M Song, RG Masciotra, S Soriano, V Spira, TJ Lal, RB Yang, CF AF Li, M Song, RG Masciotra, S Soriano, V Spira, TJ Lal, RB Yang, CF TI Association of CCR5 human haplogroup E with rapid HIV type 1 disease progression SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR GENE; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INTERNATIONAL METAANALYSIS; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; AIDS PROGRESSION; CCR2-64I ALLELES; INFECTION; CCR5-DELTA-32; TRANSMISSION AB The combination of unique single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CCR5 regulatory and in the CCR2 and CCR5 coding regions, defined nine CCR5 human haplogroups (HH): HHA-HHE, HHF*1, HHF*2, HHG*1, and HHG*2. Here we examined the distribution of CCR5 HH and their association with HIV infection and disease progression in 36 HIV-seronegative and 76 HIV-seropositive whites from North America and Spain [28 rapid progressors (RP) and 48 slow progressors (SP)]. Although analyses revealed that HHE frequencies were similar between HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive groups (25.0 % vs. 32.2 %, p > 0.05), HHE frequency in RP was significantly higher than that in SP (48.2% vs. 22.9%, p = 0.002). Survival analysis also showed that HHE heterozygous and homozygous were associated with an accelerated CD4 cell count decline to less than 200 cells/muL (adjusted RH 2.44, p = 0.045; adjusted RH = 3.12, p = 0.037, respectively). These data provide further evidence that CCR5 human haplogroups influence HIV-1 disease progression in HIV-infected persons. C1 CDC, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, DASTLR, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yang, CF (reprint author), CDC, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, DASTLR, NCHSTP, Mail Stop D-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cyangl@cdc.gov RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 111 EP 115 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.111 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 902KR UT WOS:000227355500001 PM 15725749 ER PT J AU Smith, JM Amara, RR Wyatt, LS Ellenberger, DL Li, B Herndon, JG Patel, M Sharma, S Chennareddi, L Butera, S McNicholl, J McClure, HM Moss, B Robinson, HL AF Smith, JM Amara, RR Wyatt, LS Ellenberger, DL Li, B Herndon, JG Patel, M Sharma, S Chennareddi, L Butera, S McNicholl, J McClure, HM Moss, B Robinson, HL TI Studies in macaques on cross-clade T cell responses elicited by a DNA/MVA AIDS vaccine, better conservation of CD8 than CD4 T cell responses SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV TYPE-1; INFECTION; DNA; IMMUNOGENICITY; CONSTRUCTION; LYMPHOCYTES; EXPRESSION; DEPLETION; PROTEINS AB One of the unknowns faced by an HIV/AIDS vaccine is the ability of a single clade vaccine to protect against the multiple genetic subtypes and recombinant forms of HIV- I present in the current pandemic. Here, we use a macaque model to investigate the ability of our clade B vaccine that consists of DNA priming and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus boosting to elicit T cell responses that recognize an A/G recombinant of HIV-1. To test for cross-reactive T cells, intracellular cytokine staining was conducted using five pools of Gag and six pools of Env peptides representing B or A/G sequences. Studies using the peptide pools revealed essentially complete conservation of the CD8 response but only similar to 50% conservation of the CD4 response. Thus, the ability of an HIV vaccine for one clade to protect against other clades may be more limited by the ability to provide CD4 T cell help than the ability to elicit CD8 effector functions. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NIAID, Viral Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Robinson, HL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Natl Primate Res Ctr, 954 Gatewood Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. EM hrobins@rmy.emory.edu FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-00165]; NIAID NIH HHS [P01 AI49364]; NIDA NIH HHS [P30 DA 12121] NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 140 EP 144 DI 10.1089/aid.2005.21.140 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 902KR UT WOS:000227355500004 PM 15725752 ER EF