FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™
VR 1.0
PT J
AU Maier, A
   Savage, RE
   Haber, LT
AF Maier, A
   Savage, RE
   Haber, LT
TI Assessing biomarker use in risk assessment - A survey of practitioners
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment
CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2003
CL Fairborn, OH
ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB Advances in molecular epidemiology and mechanistic toxicology have provided increased opportunities for incorporating biomarkers in the human health risk assessment process. For years, the published literature has lauded the concept of incorporating biomarkers into risk assessments as a means to reduce uncertainty in estimating health risk. For all the potential benefits, one would think that markers of effective dose, markers of early biological effects, and markers of human susceptibility are frequently selected as the basis for quantitative human health risk assessments. For this article, we sought to determine the degree to which this evolution in risk assessment has come to pass. The extent to which biomarkers are being used in current human health risk assessment was determined through an informal survey of leading risk assessment practitioners. Case studies highlighting the evolution of risk assessment methods to include biomarkers are also described. The goal of this review was to enhance the implementation of biomarker technology in risk assessment by (7) highlighting successes in biomarker implementation, (2) identifying key barriers to overcome, and (3) describing evolutions in risk assessment methods.
C1 Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45223 USA.
   NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP Maier, A (reprint author), Toxicol Excellence Risk Assessment, 1757 Chase Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45223 USA.
EM maier@tera.org
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1528-7394
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A
JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A
PD APR 23
PY 2004
VL 67
IS 8-10
BP 687
EP 695
DI 10.1080/15287390490428161
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 814CI
UT WOS:000220952400007
PM 15192862
ER

PT J
AU Metcalf, SW
   Orloff, KG
AF Metcalf, SW
   Orloff, KG
TI Biomarkers of exposure in community settings
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Conference on Toxicology and Risk Assessment
CY APR 28-MAY 01, 2003
CL Fairborn, OH
ID HAIR ANALYSIS; DNA ADDUCTS; TOXICOGENOMICS; TOXICOLOGY; TECHNOLOGIES;
   TOXICITY; MERCURY; HEALTH
AB Biomonitoring is a valuable tool for assessing human exposures to chemical contaminants in the environment. Biomonitoring tests can be divided into biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility. In studies of community exposure to an environmental contaminant, biomarkers of exposure are most often used. The ideal biomarker should be sensitive, specific, biologically relevant, practical, inexpensive, and available. Seldom does a biomarker meet all of these criteria-most biomarkers represent a compromise of these criteria. In designing a community exposure study, consideration should also be given to the selection of the test population, the practicality of collecting biological samples, temporal or seasonal variations in exposure, the availability of background comparison ranges, and interpretation of the test results. Biomonitoring tests provide unequivocal evidence of exposure, but they do not typically identify the source of exposure. Furthermore, rarely do the test results predict a health outcome. For many chemicals, testing must be conducted soon after exposure has occurred. In spite of these limitations, the use of biomonitoring is finding wider application in many scientific disciplines. Recent advances in analytical techniques are expanding the utility of biomarker testing in public health investigations.
C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Metcalf, SW (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Mail Stop E-29,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM smetcalf@cdc.gov
NR 29
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1528-7394
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A
JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A
PD APR 23
PY 2004
VL 67
IS 8-10
BP 715
EP 726
DI 10.1080/15287390490428198
PG 12
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 814CI
UT WOS:000220952400009
PM 15192864
ER

PT J
AU Huhn, GD
   Chase, RA
   Dworkin, MS
AF Huhn, GD
   Chase, RA
   Dworkin, MS
TI Monkeypox in the Western hemisphere
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chicago, IL 60601 USA.
   Cent DuPage Hosp, Winfield, IL 60190 USA.
   Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL 60601 USA.
RP Huhn, GD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chicago, IL 60601 USA.
EM ghuhn@idph.state.il.us
NR 5
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM
PI WALTHAM
PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD APR 22
PY 2004
VL 350
IS 17
BP 1790
EP 1790
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 814AJ
UT WOS:000220947300019
PM 15103008
ER

PT J
AU Reed, KD
   Davis, JP
   Damon, IK
AF Reed, KD
   Davis, JP
   Damon, IK
TI Monkeypox in the Western hemisphere - Reply
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
ID CONGO
C1 Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA.
   Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53701 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Reed, KD (reprint author), Marshfield Clin Res Fdn, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA.
EM reed.kurt@mcrf.mfldclin.edu
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM
PI WALTHAM
PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD APR 22
PY 2004
VL 350
IS 17
BP 1791
EP 1791
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 814AJ
UT WOS:000220947300021
ER

PT J
AU Werler, M
   McCloskey, C
   Edmonds, LD
   Olney, R
   Honein, MA
   Reefhuis, J
AF Werler, M
   McCloskey, C
   Edmonds, LD
   Olney, R
   Honein, MA
   Reefhuis, J
CA CDCP
TI Evaluation of an association between loratadine and hypospadias - United
   States, 1997-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 219-221, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID BIRTH-DEFECTS PREVENTION; PREGNANCY
C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.
   NCBDDD, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA.
   CDC, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Werler, M (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Slone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011
OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 3
U2 3
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 21
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 15
BP 1828
EP 1830
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 812XC
UT WOS:000220871200010
ER

PT J
AU Drew, J
   Otto, W
   Nehls-Lowe, H
   Kaye, WE
AF Drew, J
   Otto, W
   Nehls-Lowe, H
   Kaye, WE
TI Brief report: Exposure to tear gas from a theft-deterrent device on a
   safe - Wisconsin, December 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg
   175-177, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI 53707 USA.
   Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Drew, J (reprint author), Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI 53707 USA.
NR 5
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 21
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 15
BP 1830
EP 1830
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 812XC
UT WOS:000220871200011
ER

PT J
AU Yang, QH
   Friedman, JM
   Botto, LD
AF Yang, QH
   Friedman, JM
   Botto, LD
TI Improvement in cardiovascular and stroke mortality after flour
   fortification with folic acid in the United States
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD APR 20
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 15
MA LB27
BP E190
EP E190
PG 1
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 813KO
UT WOS:000220906200034
ER

PT J
AU Liao, DP
   Duan, YK
   Whitsel, EA
   Zheng, ZJ
   Heiss, G
   Chinchilli, VM
   Lin, HM
AF Liao, DP
   Duan, YK
   Whitsel, EA
   Zheng, ZJ
   Heiss, G
   Chinchilli, VM
   Lin, HM
TI Association of higher levels of ambient criteria pollutants with
   impaired cardiac autonomic control: A population-based study
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE air pollution; cardiovascular diseases; heart rate
ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS;
   MORTALITY; DISEASE; RISK; PARTICLES; EXPOSURE
AB An association between air pollution and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality has been reported, but underlying mechanisms are unknown. The authors examined short-term associations between ambient pollutants (particulate matter less than 10 mum in aerodynamic diameter (PM10), ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide) and cardiac autonomic control using data from the fourth cohort examination (1996-1998) of the population-based Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. For each participant, the authors calculated PM10 and gaseous pollutant exposures as 24-hour averages and ozone exposure as an 8-hour average 1 day prior to the randomly allocated examination date. They calculated 5-minute heart rate variability indices and used logarithmically transformed data on high-frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz) and low-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz) power, standard deviation of normal R-R intervals, and mean heart rate. Linear regression was used to adjust for CVD risk factors and demographic, socioeconomic, and meteorologic variables. Regression coefficients for a one-standard-deviation increase in PM10 (11.5 mug/m(3)) were -0.06 ms(2) (standard error (SE), 0.018), -1.03 ms (SE, 0.31), and 0.32 beats/minute (SE, 0.158) for log-transformed high-frequency power, standard deviation of normal R-R intervals, and heart rate, respectively. Similar results were found for gaseous pollutants. These cross-sectional findings suggest that higher ambient pollutant concentrations are associated with lower cardiac autonomic control, especially among persons with existing CVD, and highlight a putative mechanism through which air pollution is associated with CVD.
C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Liao, DP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, A210,600 Centerview Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
EM dliao@psu.edu
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [1-R01-ES10189-03]
NR 26
TC 127
Z9 132
U1 1
U2 6
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 159
IS 8
BP 768
EP 777
DI 10.1093/aje/kwh109
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 809CA
UT WOS:000220613600006
PM 15051586
ER

PT J
AU Stevenson, KB
   Samore, M
   Barbera, J
   Hannah, E
   Moore, JW
   Gerberding, JL
   Houck, P
AF Stevenson, KB
   Samore, M
   Barbera, J
   Hannah, E
   Moore, JW
   Gerberding, JL
   Houck, P
TI Pharmacist involvement in antimicrobial use at rural community hospitals
   in four Western states
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 11th Annual Meeting of the
   Society-for-Healthcare-Epidemiology-of-America
CY APR 01-03, 2001
CL TORONTO, CANADA
SP Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer
DE administration; antiinfective agents; carbapenems; cephalosporins;
   compliance; data collection; dosage; drug use; drugs; hospitals; hours;
   interventions; pharmacists; hospitals; physicians; prescribing;
   protocols
ID INFECTION-CONTROL; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS;
   MANAGEMENT PROGRAM; CARE; SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; OUTCOMES;
   PREVENTION; STRATEGIES
AB Purpose. Pharmacist involvement in antimicrobial use at small rural hospitals in four Western states was studied.
   Methods. Surveys were mailed in July 2000 to hospitals with a daily patient census of <150 in Idaho, Nevada, Utah, and eastern Washington.
   Results. Seventy-seven (77%) of 100 hospitals returned completed surveys. Only 5% of the hospitals had onsite pharmacists 24 hours per day. An onsite pharmacist was present for a median of 26 hours per week in hospitals without 24-hour pharmacist coverage (range, 0-116 hr/wk). Many hospitals (71%) had policies for monitoring or controlling antimicrobial use, but only 28% had a system capable of monitoring compliance with such policies. Few hospitals had systems for recommending changes in antimicrobial selection on the basis of susceptibility, test results (27%) or for monitoring physician compliance-with dosage recommendations by pharmacists (21%). Onsite pharmacist hours were significantly associated with pharmacists being involved in the initial ordering of antibiotics and providing active oversight of antimicrobial use. There was a negative correlation between onsite pharmacist hours and use of third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems.
   Conclusion. A survey showed that rural hospital pharmacists in four Western states spent relatively little time monitoring,and influencing antimicrobial prescribing.
C1 Qualis Hlth, Boise, ID 83712 USA.
   Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Clin Epidemiol, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Clin Epidemiol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Seattle Reg Off, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Stevenson, KB (reprint author), Qualis Hlth, 720 Pk Blvd,Suite 120, Boise, ID 83712 USA.
EM kurts@qualishealth.org
NR 38
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS
PI BETHESDA
PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 1079-2082
J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH
JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 61
IS 8
BP 787
EP 792
PG 6
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 814VR
UT WOS:000221002700010
PM 15127962
ER

PT J
AU Ford, ES
   Williams, SG
   Mannino, DM
   Redd, SC
AF Ford, ES
   Williams, SG
   Mannino, DM
   Redd, SC
TI Influenza vaccination coverage among adults with asthma: Findings from
   the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID MEDICAL CONDITIONS; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; QUESTIONNAIRE;
   VALIDATION; RATES; EXACERBATIONS; ORGANIZATIONS; VALIDITY; RECORDS
C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM eford@cdc.gov
OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828
NR 36
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 1
U2 2
PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA
SN 0002-9343
J9 AM J MED
JI Am. J. Med.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 116
IS 8
BP 555
EP 558
DI 10.1016/j.amjmed.2003.11.018
PG 4
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 812CI
UT WOS:000220817200008
PM 15063818
ER

PT J
AU Trout, DB
   Page, EH
AF Trout, DB
   Page, EH
TI Fungal exposure and lower respiratory illness in children
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP Trout, DB (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER THORACIC SOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 169
IS 8
BP 969
EP 970
PG 2
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 812GI
UT WOS:000220827600016
PM 15072987
ER

PT J
AU Rao, JK
   Weinberger, M
   Anderson, LA
   Kroenke, K
AF Rao, JK
   Weinberger, M
   Anderson, LA
   Kroenke, K
TI Predicting reports of unmet expectations among rheumatology patients
SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE unmet expectations; arthritis; longitudinal study; health status
ID ARTHRITIS HELPLESSNESS INDEX; PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; 5 MINUTE
   CONSULTATION; MEDICAL-CARE; REQUEST FULFILLMENT; MALPRACTICE CLAIMS;
   GENERAL-PRACTICE; CONTROLLED-TRIAL; TIME CONSTRAINT; OFFICE VISITS
AB Objective. Approximately 25% of patients report unmet expectations after their doctor visits. In a longitudinal study of rheumatology patients, we examined whether changes in health status could predict unmet expectations.
   Methods. Arthritis patients (n = 177) responded to 2 surveys (baseline and 6-month followup). Both surveys contained questions on health status (functional status, pain, helplessness, psychological status) and visit duration. The followup survey contained questions on postvisit unmet expectations. Factors associated with unmet expectations were determined.
   Results. Fifty-eight patients (33%) reported unmet expectations, most often for information (47%) and new medications (31%). Unmet expectations were more common among patients with greater baseline helplessness (odds ratio [OR] 1.9, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.0-3.6) and short doctor visits at followup (OR 5.6, 95% CI 2.4-13.1). Unmet expectations were less common among those experiencing a decline in pain (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1-0.9).
   Conclusion. Attention to the patient's level of pain and helplessness and duration of the visit may limit reports of unmet expectations.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
   Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA.
RP Rao, JK (reprint author), CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM jrao@cdc.gov
NR 62
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 2
U2 6
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0004-3591
J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR
JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 51
IS 2
BP 215
EP 221
DI 10.1002/art.20246
PG 7
WC Rheumatology
SC Rheumatology
GA 811IC
UT WOS:000220764600010
PM 15077262
ER

PT J
AU Gwyn, K
   Bondy, ML
   Cohen, DS
   Lund, MJ
   Liff, JM
   Flagg, EW
   Brinton, LA
   Eley, JW
   Coates, RJ
AF Gwyn, K
   Bondy, ML
   Cohen, DS
   Lund, MJ
   Liff, JM
   Flagg, EW
   Brinton, LA
   Eley, JW
   Coates, RJ
TI Racial differences in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical delays in a
   population-based study of patients with newly diagnosed breast carcinoma
SO CANCER
LA English
DT Article
DE breast carcinoma; race; delay; diagnosis; treatment
ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR STATUS; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; WHITE
   WOMEN; HEALTH-INSURANCE; UNITED-STATES; BLACK-WOMEN; FOLLOW-UP;
   SURVIVAL; RACE
AB BACKGROUND. Few studies have addressed the issue of whether delays in the interval between medical consultation and the diagnosis and treatment of breast carcinoma are greater for African American women than for white women. The authors examined differences with respect to these delays and analyzed the factors that may have contributed to such differences among women ages 20-54 years who had invasive breast carcinoma diagnosed between 1990 and 1992 and who lived in Atlanta, Georgia.
   METHODS. A total of 251 African American women and 580 white women were interviewed and had their medical records reviewed. The authors estimated racial differences in delay times and used polytomous logistic regression to determine the contributions of various factors (socioeconomic and other) to these differences.
   RESULTS. Although most women in both groups were treated within 3 months of initial consultation, 22.4% of African American women and 14.3% of white women had clinical delays of > 3 months. Compared with white women, African American women were more likely to experience delays in diagnosis and treatment. Access to care (as represented by method of detection and insurance status) and poverty index partially accounted for these differences in delay time; however, racial differences in terms of delayed treatment and diagnosis remained even after adjustment for contributing factors.
   CONCLUSIONS. The findings of the current study suggest that among women ages 20-54 years who have breast carcinoma, potentially clinically significant differences in terms of delayed diagnosis and treatment exist between African American women and white women. Improvements in access to care and in socioeconomic circumstances may address these differences to some degree, but additional research is needed to identify other contributing factors. Published 2004 by the American Cancer Society.
C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Breast Med Oncol, Unit 424, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Biostat, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Surveillance & Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
   NCI, Hormonal & Reprod Epidemiol Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Emory Univ, Winship Canc Inst, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   CDCP, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Gwyn, K (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Breast Med Oncol, Unit 424, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
EM kgwyn@mdanderson.org
RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015
OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562
FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-95604, N01-PC-35135, R01-CA64292-01A2]; ODCDC CDC
   HHS [U48 CCU0619515]
NR 54
TC 117
Z9 117
U1 4
U2 6
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0008-543X
J9 CANCER
JI Cancer
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 100
IS 8
BP 1595
EP 1604
DI 10.1002/cncr.20169
PG 10
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 810TA
UT WOS:000220725400006
PM 15073845
ER

PT J
AU Whitener, CJ
   Park, SY
   Browne, FA
   Parent, LJ
   Julian, K
   Bozdogan, B
   Appelbaum, PC
   Chaitram, J
   Weigel, LM
   Jernigan, J
   McDougal, LK
   Tenover, FC
   Fridkin, SK
AF Whitener, CJ
   Park, SY
   Browne, FA
   Parent, LJ
   Julian, K
   Bozdogan, B
   Appelbaum, PC
   Chaitram, J
   Weigel, LM
   Jernigan, J
   McDougal, LK
   Tenover, FC
   Fridkin, SK
TI Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the absence of vancomycin
   exposure
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS; REDUCED
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; INTERMEDIATE; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
   PREVALENCE; INFECTION; EMERGENCE; PATIENT
AB We report findings from our investigation of the world's second clinical isolate of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA). An elderly man was hospitalized with an infected chronic heel ulcer and osteomyelitis. Before hospital admission, he received multiple courses of antibiotic therapy but, notably, no vancomycin. Numerous cultures of ulcer specimens ( performed on an outpatient basis) grew methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-susceptible S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species. At admission, an additional culture of a specimen from the heel ulcer grew S. aureus that was identified as VRSA ( minimal inhibitory concentration for vancomycin [by broth-microdilution], 32 mug/mL). Further evaluation confirmed the presence of the vanA gene mediating vancomycin resistance. To assess VRSA transmission, we performed a carriage study of 283 identified contacts and an environmental survey of the patient's home; no VRSA isolates were recovered. This case illustrates that recent exposure by patients to vancomycin is not necessary for development of vanA-containing VRSA. For clinical and public health reasons, it is essential that microbiology laboratories adequately test for vancomycin-resistance in S. aureus.
C1 Penn State Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Whitener, CJ (reprint author), Penn State Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, C6833,H036,500 Univ Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA.
EM cwhitener@psu.edu
NR 43
TC 93
Z9 104
U1 0
U2 4
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 8
BP 1049
EP 1055
DI 10.1086/382357
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WU
UT WOS:000220735200001
PM 15095205
ER

PT J
AU Woods, CW
   Cheng, AC
   Fowler, VG
   Moorefield, M
   Frederick, J
   Sakoulas, G
   Meka, VG
   Tenover, FC
   Zwadyk, P
   Wilson, KH
AF Woods, CW
   Cheng, AC
   Fowler, VG
   Moorefield, M
   Frederick, J
   Sakoulas, G
   Meka, VG
   Tenover, FC
   Zwadyk, P
   Wilson, KH
TI Endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility
   to vancomycin
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; LINEZOLID RESISTANCE; INTERMEDIATE;
   MINOCYCLINE; INFECTIONS; EFFICACY; FAILURE; STRAIN
AB Clinical management of infective endocarditis (IE) is expected to become more difficult with the emergence of Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (SARV) in the United States and worldwide. We report the strain characterization and treatment of a patient with SARV IE.
C1 Vet Adm Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA.
   Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
   Crystal Run Healthcare, Middletown, NY USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Flinders Univ S Australia, No Terr Clin Sch, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
RP Woods, CW (reprint author), Vet Adm Med Ctr, Box 113, Durham, NC 27705 USA.
EM woods004@mc.duke.edu
RI Cheng, Allen/A-1403-2008; 
OI Cheng, Allen/0000-0003-3152-116X
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-01647]
NR 26
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 8
BP 1188
EP 1191
DI 10.1086/383027
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WU
UT WOS:000220735200024
PM 15095227
ER

PT J
AU Allos, BM
   Moore, MR
   Griffin, PM
   Tauxe, RV
AF Allos, BM
   Moore, MR
   Griffin, PM
   Tauxe, RV
TI Surveillance for sporadic foodborne disease in the 21st century: The
   FoodNet perspective
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID UNITED-STATES; ILLNESS
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
RP Moore, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM mmoore4@cdc.gov
NR 32
TC 73
Z9 77
U1 3
U2 3
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S115
EP S120
DI 10.1086/381577
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900001
PM 15095179
ER

PT J
AU Bender, JB
   Smith, KE
   McNees, AA
   Rabatsky-Ehr, TR
   Segler, SD
   Hawkins, MA
   Spina, NL
   Keene, WE
   Kennedy, MH
   Van Gilder, TJ
   Hedberg, CW
AF Bender, JB
   Smith, KE
   McNees, AA
   Rabatsky-Ehr, TR
   Segler, SD
   Hawkins, MA
   Spina, NL
   Keene, WE
   Kennedy, MH
   Van Gilder, TJ
   Hedberg, CW
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Factors affecting surveillance data on Escherichia coli O157 infections
   collected from FoodNet sites, 1996-1999
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC-SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; BLOODY DIARRHEA; OUTBREAK;
   CONSUMPTION; PREVALENCE; ILLNESS; DEATH; BEEF
AB To determine the burden of illness caused by Escherichia coli O157 infections in populations in Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) surveillance areas, we initiated active, laboratory-based surveillance and surveyed laboratories, physicians, and the general public regarding the factors associated with the diagnosis and surveillance of infection with E. coli O157. We evaluated survey responses and site-specific incidence, outbreak, and demographic data during 1996-1999. A total of 1425 laboratory-confirmed cases of E. coli O157 infection and 32 outbreaks were reported from the 5 original FoodNet sites. The average annual incidence ranged from 0.5 cases/100,000 population in Georgia to 4.4 cases/100,000 population in Minnesota. After excluding outbreak-associated cases, the annual incidence of sporadic, laboratory-confirmed E. coli O157 infections remained relatively stable during 1996-1999, with a range of 1.9-2.3 cases/100,000 population. Regional differences in incidence partly resulted from differing physician and laboratory practices and from site-specific exposure factors (e.g., living on or visiting farms).
C1 Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
   Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   New York State Emerging Infect Program, Albany, NY USA.
   Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Bender, JB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, 136F ABLMS,1354 Eckles Ave, St Paul, MN 55108 USA.
EM bende002@umn.edu
NR 29
TC 17
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S157
EP S164
DI 10.1086/381582
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900007
PM 15095185
ER

PT J
AU Chatterjee, NK
   Moore, DW
   Monroe, SS
   Glass, RI
   Cambridge, MJ
   Kondracki, SF
   Morse, DL
AF Chatterjee, NK
   Moore, DW
   Monroe, SS
   Glass, RI
   Cambridge, MJ
   Kondracki, SF
   Morse, DL
TI Molecular epidemiology of outbreaks of viral gastroenteritis in New York
   State, 1998-1999
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; HUMAN ENTERIC
   CALICIVIRUSES; UNITED-STATES; SEQUENCE; ORGANIZATION; EXPRESSION;
   DISTINCT; PCR
AB This investigation evaluated the role of Norwalk-like virus (NLV) and other viruses (rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, and enterovirus) in 11 outbreaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis that occurred in multiple settings in a span of 18 months in New York State. To determine the etiology of illness, patients' stool specimens were analyzed with a combination of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and nucleotide sequencing, cell culture, and ELISA diagnostic techniques. NLV was detected from all of these outbreaks, with an overall detection rate of 64% (51 of 79) for all specimens tested. Repeated attempts to isolate other viral pathogens were unsuccessful. Phylogenetic analysis of a subset of 27 specimens from these outbreaks showed the presence of both genogroup I and genogroup II NLVs. A spectrum of different nucleotide sequences were detected, demonstrating interoutbreak sequence variation and unrelated infections. NLV is a significant causative agent of diarrhea outbreaks in New York State.
C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Griffin Lab, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA.
   New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Environm Hlth, Herkimer, NY USA.
   New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Albany, NY 12237 USA.
   New York State Dept Hlth, Off Sci & Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Chatterjee, NK (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Griffin Lab, 5668 Old State Farm Rd, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA.
EM nkc01@health.state.ny.us
NR 23
TC 8
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S303
EP S310
DI 10.1086/381600
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900025
PM 15095203
ER

PT J
AU Friedman, CR
   Hoekstra, RM
   Samuel, M
   Marcus, R
   Bender, J
   Shiferaw, B
   Reddy, S
   Ahuja, SD
   Helfrick, DL
   Hardnett, F
   Carter, M
   Anderson, B
   Tauxe, RV
AF Friedman, CR
   Hoekstra, RM
   Samuel, M
   Marcus, R
   Bender, J
   Shiferaw, B
   Reddy, S
   Ahuja, SD
   Helfrick, DL
   Hardnett, F
   Carter, M
   Anderson, B
   Tauxe, RV
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection in the United States:
   A case-control study in FoodNet sites
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID JEJUNI INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RETAIL CHICKEN; RAW-MILK; ENTERITIS;
   SALMONELLA; CHILDREN; POULTRY; HOUSEHOLDS; PREVALENCE
AB Campylobacter is a common cause of gastroenteritis in the United States. We conducted a population-based case-control study to determine risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infection. During a 12-month study, we enrolled 1316 patients with culture-confirmed Campylobacter infections from 7 states, collecting demographic, clinical, and exposure data using a standardized questionnaire. We interviewed 1 matched control subject for each case patient. Thirteen percent of patients had traveled abroad. In multivariate analysis of persons who had not traveled, the largest population attributable fraction (PAF) of 24% was related to consumption of chicken prepared at a restaurant. The PAF for consumption of nonpoultry meat that was prepared at a restaurant was also large (21%); smaller proportions of illness were associated with other food and nonfood exposures. Efforts to reduce contamination of poultry with Campylobacter should benefit public health. Restaurants should improve food-handling practices, ensure adequate cooking of meat and poultry, and consider purchasing poultry that has been treated to reduce Campylobacter contamination.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20201 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Washington, DC 20201 USA.
   Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA.
   Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA.
   New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA.
RP Friedman, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 746 G Hubert Humphrey Bldg,200 Independence Ave S, Washington, DC 20201 USA.
EM ccf6@cdc.gov
NR 46
TC 265
Z9 276
U1 12
U2 27
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S285
EP S296
DI 10.1086/381598
PG 12
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900023
PM 15095201
ER

PT J
AU Glynn, MK
   Reddy, V
   Hutwagner, L
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Shiferaw, B
   Vugia, DJ
   Segler, S
   Bender, J
   Barrett, TJ
   Angulo, FJ
AF Glynn, MK
   Reddy, V
   Hutwagner, L
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Shiferaw, B
   Vugia, DJ
   Segler, S
   Bender, J
   Barrett, TJ
   Angulo, FJ
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Prior antimicrobial agent use increases the risk of sporadic infections
   with multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium: A
   FoodNet case-control study, 1996-1997
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIPLE-DRUG RESISTANCE; RAW-MILK CHEESE; UNITED-STATES; DT104
   INFECTIONS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; GREAT-BRITAIN; ANIMALS; HUMANS;
   CHILDREN; POULTRY
AB Several strains of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella serotype Typhimurium, including MDR S. Typhimurium definitive type 104, cause almost 10% of Salmonella infections among humans in the United States. To determine the risk factors for acquiring sporadic MDR S. Typhimurium infection, we conducted a population-based, case-control study using data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) during 1996-1997. S. Typhimurium isolates from 5 FoodNet surveillance areas ( California, Connecticut, Georgia, Minnesota, and Oregon) were tested for antimicrobial resistance and phage typing. Telephone interviews were conducted with ill persons and matched control subjects. Compared with both control subjects and patients infected with pansensitive strains of S. Typhimurium, patients with MDR S. Typhimurium infection were significantly more likely to have received an antimicrobial agent, particularly an agent to which the Salmonella isolate was resistant, during the 4 weeks preceding illness onset. Prudent antimicrobial agent use among humans and among veterinarians and food-animal producers is necessary to reduce the burden of drug-resistant salmonellosis in humans.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM kglynn@cdc.gov; fangulo@cdc.gov
NR 46
TC 48
Z9 51
U1 2
U2 5
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S227
EP S236
DI 10.1086/381591
PG 10
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900016
PM 15095194
ER

PT J
AU Hardnett, FP
   Hoekstra, RM
   Kennedy, M
   Charles, L
   Angulo, FJ
AF Hardnett, FP
   Hoekstra, RM
   Kennedy, M
   Charles, L
   Angulo, FJ
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodN
TI Epidemiologic issues in study design and data analysis related to
   FoodNet activities
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; ILLNESS
AB The Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) seeks to determine and to monitor the burden of foodborne diseases in the United States more precisely and to attribute these diseases to specific food vehicles or other exposures. These objectives present statistical and epidemiologic challenges. Estimates of the burden of foodborne diseases should include an estimate of the uncertainty in such calculations. Monitoring the burden of foodborne diseases should account for the expansion of the FoodNet population over time. Attributing foodborne diseases to specific vehicles is facilitated by FoodNet case-control studies of sporadic illness. This article discusses the strengths and limitations of the various studies aimed at addressing these objectives in this supplement. Furthermore, because the FoodNet surveillance areas were not chosen specifically to reflect the demographic composition of the US population, this article also discusses the generalizability of FoodNet results to the US population.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA.
RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 19600 Clifton Rd,MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA.
EM fangulo@cdc.gov
RI Charles, Luenda/H-6008-2011
NR 30
TC 36
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S121
EP S126
DI 10.1086/381602
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900002
PM 15095180
ER

PT J
AU Hennessy, TW
   Marcus, R
   Deneen, V
   Reddy, S
   Vugia, D
   Townes, J
   Bardsley, M
   Swerdlow, D
   Angulo, FJ
AF Hennessy, TW
   Marcus, R
   Deneen, V
   Reddy, S
   Vugia, D
   Townes, J
   Bardsley, M
   Swerdlow, D
   Angulo, FJ
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Survey of physician diagnostic practices for patients with acute
   diarrhea: Clinical and public health implications
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; ILLNESS
AB To understand physician practices regarding the diagnosis of acute diarrheal diseases, we conducted a survey, in 1996, of 2839 physicians in Connecticut, Georgia, Minnesota, Oregon, and California. Bacterial stool culture was requested for samples from the last patient seen for acute diarrhea by 784 (44%; 95% confidence interval, 42%-46%) of 1783 physicians. Physicians were more likely to request a culture for persons with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, bloody stools, travel to a developing country, diarrhea for 13 days, intravenous rehydration, or fever. Substantial geographic and specialty differences in culture-request practices were observed. Twenty-eight percent of physicians did not know whether stool culture included testing for Escherichia coli O157: H7; 40% did not know whether Yersinia or Vibrio species were included. These variabilities suggest a need for clinical diagnostic guidelines for diarrhea. Many physicians could benefit from education to improve their knowledge about tests included in routine stool examinations.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Oregon Dept Human Resources, Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA.
RP Hennessy, TW (reprint author), Arctic Investigat Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Rd, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA.
EM tbh0@cdc.gov
NR 9
TC 43
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S203
EP S211
DI 10.1086/381588
PG 9
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900013
PM 15095191
ER

PT J
AU Hennessy, TW
   Cheng, LH
   Kassenborg, H
   Ahuja, SD
   Mohle-Boetani, J
   Marcus, R
   Shiferaw, B
   Angulo, FJ
AF Hennessy, TW
   Cheng, LH
   Kassenborg, H
   Ahuja, SD
   Mohle-Boetani, J
   Marcus, R
   Shiferaw, B
   Angulo, FJ
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Egg consumption is the principal risk factor for sporadic Salmonella
   serotype Heidelberg infections: A case-control study in FoodNet sites
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; CHANGING EPIDEMIOLOGY; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; ENTERITIDIS;
   MINNESOTA; TYPHIMURIUM; DISEASE
AB To determine risk factors for sporadic Salmonella serotype Heidelberg diarrheal disease, we conducted a population-based case-control study in 5 Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) surveillance areas in 1996-1997. Forty-four case patients and 83 control subjects matched by age and telephone exchange were asked about exposures during the 5-day period before onset of illness in the case patient. Risk factors for infection were evaluated using conditional logistic regression analysis. Eating eggs prepared outside the home remained the only significant risk factor for illness (matched odds ratio [MOR], 6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-29.6). The population-attributable fraction of S. Heidelberg infections associated with eating eggs prepared outside the home was 37%. Eliminating the risk associated with out-of-home egg consumption could substantially reduce the incidence of S. Heidelberg infections. Control measures to prevent S. Heidelberg infection should include advising consumers to avoid eating undercooked eggs and educating food handlers about proper egg handling and cooking.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Dept Hlth Serv, Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA.
RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM tbh0@cdc.gov
NR 35
TC 60
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 3
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S237
EP S243
DI 10.1086/381593
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900017
PM 15095195
ER

PT J
AU Imhoff, B
   Morse, D
   Shiferaw, B
   Hawkins, M
   Vugia, D
   Lance-Parker, S
   Hadler, J
   Medus, C
   Kennedy, M
   Moore, MR
   Van Gilder, T
AF Imhoff, B
   Morse, D
   Shiferaw, B
   Hawkins, M
   Vugia, D
   Lance-Parker, S
   Hadler, J
   Medus, C
   Kennedy, M
   Moore, MR
   Van Gilder, T
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Burden of self-reported acute diarrheal illness in FoodNet surveillance
   areas, 1998-1999
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY; NETHERLANDS; GASTROENTERITIS; TECUMSEH;
   DISEASES
AB To assess trends in the burden of acute diarrheal illness, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) conducted a population-based telephone survey during 1998-1999, using a random-digit-dialing, single-stage Genesys-ID sampling method. During the 12-month study period, 12,755 persons were interviewed; after the exclusion of persons with chronic diarrheal illnesses, 12,075 persons were included in the analysis; 6% (N=645) reported having experienced an acute diarrheal illness at some point during the 4 weeks preceding the interview (annualized rate, 0.72 episodes per person-year). Rates of diarrheal illness were highest among children aged <5 years (1.1 episodes per person-year) and were lowest in persons aged &GE;65 years (0.32 episodes per person-year). Twenty-one percent of persons with acute diarrheal illness sought medical care as a result of their illness. Diarrheal illness imposes a considerable burden on the US population and health care system.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA.
   Dept Human Serv, Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA.
   Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
RP Lance-Parker, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 18
TC 67
Z9 72
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S219
EP S226
DI 10.1086/381590
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900015
PM 15095193
ER

PT J
AU Jones, JL
   Lopez, A
   Wahlquist, SP
   Nadle, J
   Wilson, M
AF Jones, JL
   Lopez, A
   Wahlquist, SP
   Nadle, J
   Wilson, M
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Survey of clinical laboratory practices for parasitic diseases
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; DIAGNOSIS; AVIDITY
AB To gain knowledge about laboratory testing practices for parasitic diseases, in 2000 we surveyed 562 laboratories in 9 US states, and 455 (81%) responded. Most laboratories (59%) indicated that they send specimens off site for parasite screening, and most laboratories (89%) did not routinely test fecal specimens for Cryptosporidium species, Cyclospora cayetanensis, or microsporidia, unless testing for these organisms was specifically requested by a physician. Only 39 laboratories offered serological testing for Toxoplasma gondii, and most (78%) that had their results confirmed did so at national commercial laboratories rather than a Toxoplasma reference laboratory. Because most clinical laboratories do not routinely test fecal specimens for Cryptosporidium species, C. cayetanensis, or microsporidia, physicians must request specific testing for these organisms when they are clinically suspected; because of this lack of routine testing, it is difficult to estimate the true burden of disease due to these organisms.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA.
RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS F-22,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM jlj1@cdc.gov
NR 14
TC 19
Z9 27
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S198
EP S202
DI 10.1086/381587
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900012
PM 15095190
ER

PT J
AU Jones, TF
   Imhoff, B
   Samuel, M
   Mshar, P
   McCombs, KG
   Hawkins, M
   Deneen, V
   Cambridge, M
   Olsen, SJ
AF Jones, TF
   Imhoff, B
   Samuel, M
   Mshar, P
   McCombs, KG
   Hawkins, M
   Deneen, V
   Cambridge, M
   Olsen, SJ
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Limitations to successful investigation and reporting of foodborne
   outbreaks: An analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in FoodNet
   catchment areas, 1998-1999
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB To better understand factors associated with confirming the etiologic organism and identifying the food vehicle responsible for foodborne-disease outbreaks, we examined data from outbreaks reported in 1998 and 1999 through active surveillance by Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) surveillance areas in 7 states. In 71% of these outbreaks, no confirmed etiology was identified, and in 46%, no suspected food vehicle was identified. Outbreaks involving greater than or equal to10 cases were significantly more likely to have their etiology identified than were smaller outbreaks. In two-thirds of outbreaks in which an etiology was not confirmed, no stool specimens were collected for laboratory testing; in 55% of these outbreaks, neither clinical specimens nor food samples were tested. If the etiology of and factors contributing to foodborne-disease outbreaks are to be understood, adequate resources must be available to allow specimens to be collected and tested and epidemiologic investigations to be conducted appropriately.
C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA.
   Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA.
   Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA.
RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 4th Fl,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA.
EM tim.f.jones@state.tn.us
NR 9
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 4
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S297
EP S302
DI 10.1086/381599
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900024
PM 15095202
ER

PT J
AU Kassenborg, HD
   Smith, KE
   Vugia, DJ
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Bates, MR
   Carter, MA
   Dumas, NB
   Cassidy, MP
   Marano, N
   Tauxe, RV
   Angulo, FJ
AF Kassenborg, HD
   Smith, KE
   Vugia, DJ
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Bates, MR
   Carter, MA
   Dumas, NB
   Cassidy, MP
   Marano, N
   Tauxe, RV
   Angulo, FJ
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter infections: Eating poultry
   outside of the home and foreign travel are risk factors
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID JEJUNI INFECTIONS
AB A 12-month, population-based, case-control study of Campylobacter infections was conducted at Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network surveillance areas during 1998-1999. Of 858 Campylobacter isolates tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin, 94 (11%) were resistant. Travel outside of the United States was reported by 27 (42%) of 64 patients with fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter infection and by 51 (9%) of 582 patients with fluoroquinolone-susceptible Campylobacter infection (odds ratio [OR], 7.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3-13.4). When patients with domestically acquired fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter infection were compared with matched healthy control subjects in a multivariate analysis, those infected were 10 times more likely to have eaten chicken or turkey cooked at a commercial establishment (18 [55%] of 33 case patients vs. 7 [21%] of 33 controls; matched OR, 10.0; 95% CI, 1.3-78). Although travel outside of the United States was associated with fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter infection, most infections among study participants were domestically acquired. This study provides additional evidence that poultry is an important source of domestically acquired fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter infection. Control measures should include efforts to improve food handling in commercial establishments.
C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA.
   New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA.
   Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA.
RP Kassenborg, HD (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Agr, 90 W Plato Blvd, St Paul, MN 55107 USA.
EM heidi.kassenborg@state.mn.us
NR 19
TC 68
Z9 71
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S279
EP S284
DI 10.1086/381597
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900022
PM 15095200
ER

PT J
AU Kassenborg, HD
   Hedberg, CW
   Hoekstra, M
   Evans, MC
   Chin, AE
   Marcus, R
   Vugia, DJ
   Smith, K
   Ahuja, SD
   Slutsker, L
   Griffin, PM
AF Kassenborg, HD
   Hedberg, CW
   Hoekstra, M
   Evans, MC
   Chin, AE
   Marcus, R
   Vugia, DJ
   Smith, K
   Ahuja, SD
   Slutsker, L
   Griffin, PM
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Farm visits and undercooked hamburgers as major risk factors for
   sporadic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection: Data from a case-control
   study in 5 FoodNet sites
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; 0157-H7 INFECTION; VERO
   CYTOTOXIN-1; DAIRY-CATTLE; OUTBREAK; BEEF; CONSUMPTION; ANTIBODIES;
   DIARRHEA
AB In 1996, active surveillance in 5 Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites revealed up to a 9-fold difference in Escherichia coli O157:H7 (O157) infection incidence between sites. A matched case-control study of sporadic O157 cases was conducted in these sites from March 1996 through April 1997. Case subjects were patients with non-outbreak-related diarrheal illness who had O157 isolated from their stool samples. Control subjects were healthy persons matched by age and telephone number exchange. Overall, 196 case patients and 372 controls were enrolled. O157 infections were associated with farm exposure, cattle exposure, eating a pink hamburger (both at home and away from home), eating at a table-service restaurant, using immunosuppressive medication, and obtaining beef through a private slaughter arrangement. Variations in cattle exposures may explain a part of the regional variability of O157 infection incidence. O157 control measures should focus on reducing risks associated with eating undercooked hamburger, dining at table-service restaurants, and farm exposures.
C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
RP Kassenborg, HD (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Agr, 90 W Plato Blvd, St Paul, MN 55107 USA.
EM heidi.kassenborg@state.mn.us
NR 50
TC 81
Z9 87
U1 7
U2 16
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
BP S271
EP S278
DI 10.1086/381596
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900021
PM 15095199
ER

PT J
AU Kennedy, M
   Villar, R
   Vugia, DJ
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Farley, MM
   Pass, M
   Smith, K
   Smith, P
   Cieslak, PR
   Imhoff, B
   Griffin, PM
AF Kennedy, M
   Villar, R
   Vugia, DJ
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Farley, MM
   Pass, M
   Smith, K
   Smith, P
   Cieslak, PR
   Imhoff, B
   Griffin, PM
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Hospitalizations and deaths due to Salmonella infections, FoodNet,
   1996-1999
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; SEROTYPES
AB Nontyphoidal Salmonella causes a higher proportion of food-related deaths annually than any other bacterial pathogen in the United States. We reviewed 4 years (1996-1999) of population-based active surveillance data on laboratory-confirmed Salmonella infections from the Emerging Infections Program's Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), to determine the rates of hospitalization and death associated with Salmonella infection. Overall, 22% of infected persons were hospitalized, with the highest rate (47%) among persons aged 160 years. Fifty-eight deaths occurred, for an estimated annual incidence of 0.08 deaths/100,000 population. These deaths accounted for 38% of all deaths reported through FoodNet from 1996 through 1999, and they occurred primarily among adults with serious underlying disease. Although Salmonella infection was seldom listed as a cause of death on hospital charts and death certificates, our chart review suggests that Salmonella infection contributed to these deaths.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Arizona, Childrens Clin, Tucson, AZ USA.
   Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA.
   Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA.
   Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Kennedy, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS D63,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM mhkenned@hsph.harvard.edu
NR 13
TC 63
Z9 66
U1 0
U2 2
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S142
EP S148
DI 10.1086/381580
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900005
PM 15095183
ER

PT J
AU Kimura, AC
   Reddy, V
   Marcus, R
   Cieslak, PR
   Mohle-Boetani, JC
   Kassenborg, HD
   Segler, SD
   Hardnett, FP
   Barrett, T
   Swerdlow, DL
AF Kimura, AC
   Reddy, V
   Marcus, R
   Cieslak, PR
   Mohle-Boetani, JC
   Kassenborg, HD
   Segler, SD
   Hardnett, FP
   Barrett, T
   Swerdlow, DL
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Chicken consumption is a newly identified risk factor for sporadic
   Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis infections in the United
   States: A case-control study in FoodNet sites
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID PHAGE TYPE-4; TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; BROILER-CHICKENS; CROSS-CONTAMINATION;
   OUTBREAKS; CALIFORNIA; ILLNESS; EGGS; CAMPYLOBACTER; EXPERIENCE
AB The sources of sporadic Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis (SE) infections in the United States are unclear. To determine risk factors for sporadic SE infection, we conducted a population-based case-control study in 5 Foodborne Disease Active Surveillance Network surveillance areas. During the 12-month study, 396 cases of SE infection were ascertained. Among the 182 case patients and 345 controls, SE infection was univariately associated with international travel (matched odds ratio [MOR], 61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 8-447), eating undercooked eggs (MOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1-5), and eating chicken prepared outside of the home (MOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.4). Multivariate analysis revealed that eating chicken outside of the home remained the only significant risk factor for illness (MOR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.6). Chicken consumption has not previously been identified in the United States as a risk factor for SE infection. Measures to prevent SE infections include educating consumers and food handlers about food safety and interventions to decrease contamination of eggs and poultry.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Oregon Dept Human Serv, Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, Minneapolis, MN USA.
RP Hardnett, FP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM fbp3@cdc.gov
NR 48
TC 111
Z9 112
U1 2
U2 6
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S244
EP S252
DI 10.1086/381576
PG 9
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900018
PM 15095196
ER

PT J
AU Marcus, R
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Mohle-Boetani, JC
   Farley, M
   Medus, C
   Shiferaw, B
   Carter, M
   Zansky, S
   Kennedy, M
   Van Gilder, T
   Hadler, JL
AF Marcus, R
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Mohle-Boetani, JC
   Farley, M
   Medus, C
   Shiferaw, B
   Carter, M
   Zansky, S
   Kennedy, M
   Van Gilder, T
   Hadler, JL
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Dramatic decrease in the incidence of Salmonella serotype enteritidis
   infections in 5 FoodNet sites: 1996-1999
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; PHAGE TYPE-4; EGGS; CALIFORNIA; EMERGENCE; OUTBREAK
AB Salmonella serotype Enteritidis (SE) emerged as the most common Salmonella serotype among infected persons in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s, with infections reaching a peak in 1995. During the past decade, farm-to-table control measures have been instituted in the United States, particularly in regions with the highest incidence of SE infection. We report trends in the incidence of SE in the 5 original surveillance areas of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network during 1996-1999: Minnesota, Oregon, and selected counties in California, Connecticut, and Georgia. Overall, the incidence of SE decreased 46% from 1996 to 1999. The greatest decrease was in Connecticut (71%), followed by northern California (50%), Minnesota (46%), and Oregon (13%). Although SE infection remains an important public health concern, there has been a remarkable decrease in its incidence. This decrease may be a result of targeted interventions, including on-farm control measures, refrigeration, and education efforts.
C1 Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06510 USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrhoeal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Oregon Hlth Div, Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA.
   Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA.
   New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA.
RP Marcus, R (reprint author), Connecticut Foodnet Emerging Infect Program, 1 Church St,7th Fl, New Haven, CT 06510 USA.
EM ruthanne.marcus@yale.edu
NR 20
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S135
EP S141
DI 10.1086/381579
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900004
PM 15095182
ER

PT J
AU Mermin, J
   Hutwagner, L
   Vugia, D
   Shallow, S
   Daily, P
   Bender, J
   Koehler, J
   Marcus, R
   Angulo, FJ
AF Mermin, J
   Hutwagner, L
   Vugia, D
   Shallow, S
   Daily, P
   Bender, J
   Koehler, J
   Marcus, R
   Angulo, FJ
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Reptiles, amphibians, and human Salmonella infection: A
   population-based, case-control study
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID TURTLE-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS; UNITED-STATES; PET TURTLES;
   PUBLIC-HEALTH; ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; OUTBREAK; MAGNITUDE;
   ORGANISMS; IGUANAS
AB To estimate the burden of reptile- and amphibian-associated Salmonella infections, we conducted 2 case-control studies of human salmonellosis occurring during 1996-1997. The studies took place at 5 Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) surveillance areas: all of Minnesota and Oregon and selected counties in California, Connecticut, and Georgia. The first study included 463 patients with serogroup B or D Salmonella infection and 7618 population-based controls. The second study involved 38 patients with non serogroup B or D Salmonella infection and 1429 controls from California only. Patients and controls were interviewed about contact with reptiles and amphibians. Reptile and amphibian contact was associated both with infection with serogroup B or D Salmonella (multivariable odds ratio [OR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-2.2; p<.009) and with infection with non-serogroup B or D Salmonella (OR, 4.2; CI, 1.8-9.7; P<.001). The population attributable fraction for reptile or amphibian contact was 6% for all sporadic Salmonella infections and 11% among persons <21 years old. These data suggest that reptile and amphibian exposure is associated with &SIM;74,000 Salmonella infections annually in the United States.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS-D63,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM fja0@cdc.gov
RI Mermin, Jonathan/J-9847-2012
NR 58
TC 130
Z9 138
U1 1
U2 23
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S253
EP S261
DI 10.1086/381594
PG 9
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900019
PM 15095197
ER

PT J
AU Ray, SM
   Ahuja, SD
   Blake, PA
   Farley, MM
   Samuel, M
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Swanson, E
   Cassidy, M
   Lay, JC
   Van Gilder, T
AF Ray, SM
   Ahuja, SD
   Blake, PA
   Farley, MM
   Samuel, M
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Swanson, E
   Cassidy, M
   Lay, JC
   Van Gilder, T
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Population-based surveillance for Yersinia enterocolitica infections in
   FoodNet sites, 1996-1999: Higher risk of disease in infants and minority
   populations
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; O-3
AB Active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) infections was conducted at 5 Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) sites in the United States during 1996-1999. The annual incidence averaged 0.9 cases/100,000 population. After adjusting for missing data, the average annual incidence by race/ethnicity was 3.2 cases/100,000 population among black persons, 1.5 cases/100,000 population among Asian persons, 0.6 cases/100,000 population among Hispanic persons, and 0.4 cases/100,000 population among white persons. Incidence increased with decreasing age in all race/ethnicity groups. Black infants had the highest incidence (141.9 cases/100,000 population; range, 8.7 cases/100,000 population in Minnesota to 207.0 cases/100,000 population in Georgia). Seasonal variations in incidence, with a marked peak in December, were noted only among black persons. YE infections should be suspected in black children with gastroenteritis, particularly during November-February. Culturing for YE should be part of routine testing of stool specimens by clinical laboratories serving populations at risk, especially during the winter months.
C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med 1D, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
   Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Oregon Hlth Div, Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA.
RP Ray, SM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med 1D, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
EM sray02@emory.edu
NR 15
TC 23
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S181
EP S189
DI 10.1086/381585
PG 9
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900010
PM 15095188
ER

PT J
AU Rees, JR
   Pannier, MA
   McNees, A
   Shallow, S
   Angulo, FJ
   Vugia, DJ
AF Rees, JR
   Pannier, MA
   McNees, A
   Shallow, S
   Angulo, FJ
   Vugia, DJ
TI Persistent diarrhea, arthritis, and other complications of enteric
   infections: A pilot survey based on California FoodNet surveillance,
   1998-1999
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME; REACTIVE ARTHRITIS; REITERS-SYNDROME
AB Numerous complications of enteric infections have been described, including persistent diarrhea, reactive arthritis, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. We determined the frequency of self-reported complications of enteric infections in a pilot study in the California site of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network. From 1 April 1998 through 31 March 1999, active surveillance identified 1454 infections in Alameda and San Francisco counties, of which 52% were Campylobacter infections, 22% were Salmonella infections, 15% were Shigella infections, 6% were Cryptosporidium infections, 2% were Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections, 2% were Yersinia infections, and 1% were Vibrio infections. We mailed surveys to 1331 eligible participants, and 571 (43%) were returned. A new health problem following infection was reported by 153 (27%) of the respondents: 12 (8%) reported new onset of joint pain and 53 (35%) reported new gastrointestinal symptoms, of whom 38 reported persistent diarrhea, including 2 who reported irritable bowel syndrome. Three respondents reported hair loss. The frequency, nature, and etiology of these complications merit further investigation.
C1 Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA.
   Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Rees, JR (reprint author), Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Dartmouth Med Sch, HB 7927,1 Med Ctr Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756 USA.
EM judith.rees@dartmouth.edu
NR 16
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S311
EP S317
DI 10.1086/381601
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900026
PM 15095204
ER

PT J
AU Rowe, SY
   Rocourt, JR
   Shiferaw, B
   Kassenborg, HD
   Segler, SD
   Marcus, R
   Daily, PJ
   Hardnett, FP
   Slutsker, L
AF Rowe, SY
   Rocourt, JR
   Shiferaw, B
   Kassenborg, HD
   Segler, SD
   Marcus, R
   Daily, PJ
   Hardnett, FP
   Slutsker, L
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Breast-feeding decreases the risk of sporadic salmonellosis among
   infants in FoodNet sites
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; CHILDREN; PATHOGEN; ILLNESS; IGUANAS
AB Among the population of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) surveillance areas ("FoodNet sites") in 1996, children under 12 months of age had the highest incidence of sporadic salmonellosis. We conducted a case-control study in 5 FoodNet sites to identify risk factors for sporadic infant salmonellosis. A case patient was a child under 12 months of age with a laboratory-confirmed, nontyphoidal serogroup B or D Salmonella infection. Twenty-two case patients were matched with 39 control subjects by age and either telephone exchange or vital record birth list. In a multivariate analysis, case patients were more likely to have a liquid diet containing no breast milk than a liquid diet containing only breast milk ( matched odds ratio, 44.5; P=.04). Case-patients were more likely to reside in a household where a member had diarrhea ( matched odds ratio, 13.2; P=.01). To decrease their infants' risk of salmonellosis, mothers should be encouraged to breast-feed their infants. Caretakers of infants should learn about salmonellosis, hand washing, and safe preparation of formula and solid food.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA USA.
RP Rowe, SY (reprint author), Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 4th Fl,1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
EM syang06@sph.emory.edu
NR 29
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S262
EP S270
DI 10.1086/381595
PG 9
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900020
PM 15095198
ER

PT J
AU Samuel, MC
   Vugia, DJ
   Shallow, S
   Marcus, R
   Segler, S
   McGivern, T
   Kassenborg, H
   Reilly, K
   Kennedy, M
   Angulo, F
   Tauxe, RV
AF Samuel, MC
   Vugia, DJ
   Shallow, S
   Marcus, R
   Segler, S
   McGivern, T
   Kassenborg, H
   Reilly, K
   Kennedy, M
   Angulo, F
   Tauxe, RV
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Epidemiology of sporadic Campylobacter infection in the United States
   and declining trend in incidence, FoodNet 1996-1999
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID RISK-FACTORS; JEJUNI INFECTIONS; RAW-MILK; ENTERITIS; CHICKEN; HAZARDS;
   HEALTH
AB Campylobacter species are a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, but few population-based data describing patterns and trends of disease are available. We summarize data on culture-confirmed cases of Campylobacter infection reported during 1996-1999 to the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) system. The average annual culture-confirmed incidence was 21.9 cases/100,000 population, with substantial site variation (from 43.8 cases/100,000 population in California to 12.2 cases/100,000 population in Georgia). The incidence among male subjects was consistently higher than that among female subjects in all age groups. The incidence trended downward over the 4 years, with incidences of 23.6, 25.2, 21.4, and 17.5 cases/100,000 population for 1996-1999, respectively-a 26% overall decrease. This trend was sharpest and most consistent in California. Overall, we estimate that similar to2 million people were infected with Campylobacter in the United States each year during this time period. Although the number of Campylobacter infections appears to have decreased in the United States during 1996-1999, the disease burden remains significant, which underscores the need to better understand how the disease is transmitted.
C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Dept Hlth Serv, Oregon Emerging Infect Program, Portland, OR USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
RP Samuel, MC (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, 1947 Ctr St,Ste 201, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
EM msamuel@dhs.ca.gov
NR 30
TC 117
Z9 123
U1 0
U2 4
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S165
EP S174
DI 10.1086/381583
PG 10
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900008
PM 15095186
ER

PT J
AU Shiferaw, B
   Shallow, S
   Marcus, R
   Segler, S
   Soderlund, D
   Hardnett, FP
   Van Gilder, T
AF Shiferaw, B
   Shallow, S
   Marcus, R
   Segler, S
   Soderlund, D
   Hardnett, FP
   Van Gilder, T
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Trends in population-based active surveillance for shigellosis and
   demographic variability in FoodNet sites, 1996-1999
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID DAY-CARE-CENTERS; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK
AB Shigella is a common cause of diarrhea in the United States, and accurate surveillance is needed to determine the burden of illness that they cause. Active surveillance for culture-confirmed Shigella infection was done as part of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet). A total of 4317 cases of shigellosis were reported during 1996-1999 in the original FoodNet surveillance areas. The average annual incidence was 7.4 cases/100,000 population. The incidence was similar during 1996-1998, but it declined in 1999 to 5.0 cases/100,000 population. State-to-state variability was seen in the incidence of shigellosis. Higher incidence was observed in California and Georgia. Shigella sonnei accounted for 70% of the infections, followed by Shigella flexneri (24%). Compared with other age groups, the incidence was highest among children aged 1-4 years of (36.3 cases/100,000 population). Marked demographic differences were observed between infections with S. sonnei and S. flexneri.
C1 Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
RP Shiferaw, B (reprint author), Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, 800 NE Oregon St,Ste 772, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
EM beletshachew.shiferaw@state.or.us
NR 18
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S175
EP S180
DI 10.1086/381584
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900009
PM 15095187
ER

PT J
AU Voetsch, AC
   Angulo, FJ
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Shallow, S
   Cassidy, M
   Thomas, SM
   Swanson, E
   Zansky, SM
   Hawkins, MA
   Jones, TF
   Shillam, PJ
   Van Gilder, TJ
   Wells, JG
   Griffin, PM
AF Voetsch, AC
   Angulo, FJ
   Rabatsky-Ehr, T
   Shallow, S
   Cassidy, M
   Thomas, SM
   Swanson, E
   Zansky, SM
   Hawkins, MA
   Jones, TF
   Shillam, PJ
   Van Gilder, TJ
   Wells, JG
   Griffin, PM
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Laboratory practices for stool-specimen culture for bacterial pathogens,
   including Escherichia coli O157 : H7, in the FoodNet sites, 1995-2000
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY;
   DIARRHEAL DISEASES; ENTERIC PATHOGENS; CARE; INFECTIONS; CRITERIA;
   NETWORK
AB In 2000, we surveyed microbiologists in 388 clinical laboratories, which tested an estimated 339,000 stool specimens in 1999, about laboratory methods and policies for the routine testing of stool specimens for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and Vibrio species, Yersinia entercolitica, and Escherichia coli O157: H7. The results were compared with those of similar surveys conducted in 1995 and 1997. Although these laboratories reported routinely testing for Salmonella, Shigella, and Campylobacter species, only 57% routinely tested for E. coli O157: H7, 50% for Y. entercolitica, and 50% for Vibrio species. The mean proportions of stool specimens that yielded these pathogens were as follows: Campylobacter, 1.3% of specimens; Salmonella, 0.9%; Shigella, 0.4%; and E. coli O157: H7, 0.3%. The proportion of laboratories that routinely tested for E. coli O157: H7 increased from 59% in 1995 to 68% in 2000; however, the proportion of stool specimens tested decreased from 53% to 46%. E. coli O157: H7 should be routinely sought in stool specimens submitted for microbiologic culture.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Yale Univ, Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA.
   Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA.
   Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA.
   Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA.
RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS D63,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM fangulo@cdc.gov
NR 29
TC 42
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 2
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S190
EP S197
DI 10.1086/381586
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900011
PM 15095189
ER

PT J
AU Voetsch, AC
   Van Gilder, TJ
   Angulo, FJ
   Farley, MM
   Shallow, S
   Marcus, R
   Cieslak, PR
   Deneen, VC
   Tauxe, RV
AF Voetsch, AC
   Van Gilder, TJ
   Angulo, FJ
   Farley, MM
   Shallow, S
   Marcus, R
   Cieslak, PR
   Deneen, VC
   Tauxe, RV
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI FoodNet estimate of the burden of illness caused by nontyphoidal
   Salmonella infections in the United States
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID REPTILE-ASSOCIATED SALMONELLOSIS; PATHOLOGISTS Q-PROBES; PLATING MEDIA;
   ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; VETERINARY SAMPLES;
   BRILLIANT GREEN; SHIGELLA AGAR; STOOL SAMPLES; PHAGE TYPE-4
AB To determine the burden of Salmonella infections in the United States, Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) investigators conducted population-based active surveillance for culture-confirmed Salmonella infections during 1996-1999 at FoodNet laboratories. In addition, all clinical microbiology FoodNet laboratories were surveyed to determine their practices for isolating Salmonella. Telephone interviews were also conducted among residents of the FoodNet sites to determine the proportion of persons with diarrheal illness who sought medical care and the proportion who submitted stool specimens for bacterial culture. Using our model, we estimated that there were 1.4 million nontyphoidal Salmonella infections in the United States, resulting in 168,000 physician office visits per year during 1996-1999. Including both culture-confirmed infections and those not confirmed by culture, we estimated that Salmonella infections resulted in 15,000 hospitalizations and 400 deaths annually. These estimates indicate that salmonellosis presents a major ongoing burden to public health.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA.
   Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA.
   Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS D63,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM fangulo@cdc.gov
NR 58
TC 344
Z9 376
U1 1
U2 31
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S127
EP S134
DI 10.1086/381578
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900003
PM 15095181
ER

PT J
AU Vugia, DJ
   Samuel, M
   Farley, MM
   Marcus, R
   Shiferaw, B
   Shallow, S
   Smith, K
   Angulo, FJ
AF Vugia, DJ
   Samuel, M
   Farley, MM
   Marcus, R
   Shiferaw, B
   Shallow, S
   Smith, K
   Angulo, FJ
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Invasive Salmonella infections in the United States, FoodNet, 1996-1999:
   Incidence, serotype distribution, and outcome
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TYPHIMURIUM DT104 INFECTIONS; RAW-MILK
   CHEESE; BACTEREMIA; ILLNESS; DISEASE; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; EMERGENCE;
   AIDS
AB Invasive Salmonella infections are severe and can be life threatening. We analyzed population-based data collected during 1996-1999 by the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet), to determine the incidences, infecting serotypes, and outcomes of invasive Salmonella infection. We found that the mean annual incidence of invasive salmonellosis was 0.9 cases/100,000 population and was highest among infants (7.8 cases/100,000). The incidence was higher among men than women (1.2 vs. 0.7 cases/100,000;) P<.001 and higher among blacks, Asians, and Hispanics than among whites (2.5, 2.0, and 1.3 cases/100,000 population, respectively, vs. 0.4 cases/100,000; all). Seventy-four percent of cases were caused by 8 Salmonella P<.001 serotypes: Typhimurium, Typhi, Enteritidis, Heidelberg, Dublin, Paratyphi A, Choleraesuis, and Schwarzengrund. Of 540 persons with invasive infection, 386 (71%) were hospitalized and 29 (5%) died; 13 (45%) of the deaths were among persons aged greater than or equal to60 years. Invasive Salmonella infections are a substantial health problem in the United States and contribute to hospitalizations and deaths.
C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
RP Vugia, DJ (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, 2151 Berkeley Way,Rm 708, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
EM dvugia@dhs.ca.gov
NR 34
TC 96
Z9 98
U1 0
U2 6
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S149
EP S156
DI 10.1086/381581
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900006
PM 15095184
ER

PT J
AU Wong, S
   Marcus, R
   Hawkins, M
   Shallow, S
   McCombs, KG
   Swanson, E
   Anderson, B
   Shiferaw, B
   Garman, R
   Noonan, K
   Van Gilder, T
AF Wong, S
   Marcus, R
   Hawkins, M
   Shallow, S
   McCombs, KG
   Swanson, E
   Anderson, B
   Shiferaw, B
   Garman, R
   Noonan, K
   Van Gilder, T
CA Emerging Infections Program FoodNe
TI Physicians as food-safety educators: A practices and perceptions survey
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; NUTRITION GUIDANCE
AB An estimated 4 million bacterial foodborne illnesses occur in the United States annually. Many of these illnesses can be prevented by educating the public about food-safety practices. We investigated both the role of physicians as food-safety educators and the barriers to providing food-safety information. Participants were randomly selected physicians (N=3117) practicing within the surveillance area of the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network; 1100 were included in the study. Although only 331 (30%) of 1110 respondents provided food-safety information to their patients, 524 (68%) of 769 who did not provide information expressed interest in doing so. Physicians were more likely to provide food-safety information to patients if they perceived foodborne disease to be a serious problem, perceived food-safety education as their role, felt that patients perceived them as a valuable resource for food-safety advice, or felt comfortable making food-safety recommendations. A national physician education campaign that addresses barriers in food-safety education could improve food-safety education by physicians.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA USA.
   Montgomery Cty Hlth Dept, Christiansburg, VA USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   New York State Dept Hlth, Emerging Infect Program, Albany, NY USA.
   Oregon Dept Hlth Serv, Portland, OR USA.
   Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA.
   Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA.
RP Wong, S (reprint author), Care of Kennedy M, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM skwong@spawar.navy.mil
NR 12
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
SU 3
BP S212
EP S218
DI 10.1086/381589
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WR
UT WOS:000220734900014
PM 15095192
ER

PT J
AU Lowe, BD
AF Lowe, BD
TI Accuracy and validity of observational estimates of wrist and forearm
   posture
SO ERGONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE wrist posture; exposure assessment; musculoskeletal disorders
ID MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS; VISUAL-PERCEPTION; UPPER EXTREMITIES; WORK;
   RISK; CLASSIFICATION; RELIABILITY; EXPOSURE; TIME
AB Numerous observational methods for analysis of working posture of the wrist/forearm have been reported in the literature yet few of these methods have been validated for the accuracy of their posture classification. The present study evaluated the accuracy of estimates of working posture made by 28 experienced ergonomists using methods of scaling upper limb posture typical of those reported in the literature. Observational estimates of wrist/forearm posture of four jobs presented on video-recording were compared with posture levels measured directly with an electrogoniometer system. Ergonomists using a visual analogue scale tended to underestimate peak and average wrist extension with mean errors of -29.4% and -10.5% of the joint ROM, respectively (p<0.05). While estimates of wrist flexion, pronation and supination resulted in less bias, variability in observer error was large for all wrist postures. The probability of an analyst misclassifying the most frequently occurring posture using a three- and a six-category scale was 54 and 70%, respectively. The probability of misclassifying peak posture was 22 and 61% using a three- and a six-category scale respectively. This suggests a trade-off between the degree of precision afforded by the categorical scale and the likelihood of posture misclassification. Estimates of the temporal distribution of posture among the categories appeared to be biased towards more neutral postures than were measured for the jobs. This indicated the possibility of a trend towards underestimation of posture duration severity by the ergonomists.
C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP Lowe, BD (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
EM blowe@cdc.gov
NR 36
TC 31
Z9 32
U1 1
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0014-0139
J9 ERGONOMICS
JI Ergonomics
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 47
IS 5
BP 527
EP 554
DI 10.1080/00140130310001653057
PG 28
WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied; Psychology
SC Engineering; Psychology
GA 804VH
UT WOS:000220325700005
PM 15204302
ER

PT J
AU Doublet, B
   Carattoli, A
   Whichard, JM
   White, DG
   Baucheron, S
   Chaslus-Dancla, E
   Cloeckaert, A
AF Doublet, B
   Carattoli, A
   Whichard, JM
   White, DG
   Baucheron, S
   Chaslus-Dancla, E
   Cloeckaert, A
TI Plasmid-mediated florfenicol and ceftriaxone resistance encoded by the
   floR and bla(CMY-2) genes in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium
   and Newport isolated in the United States
SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE Salmonella; multidrug resistance; phenicols; cephalosporins; plasmid;
   conjugation
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BETA-LACTAMASE; STRAINS; ANIMALS; IDENTIFICATION;
   SEQUENCE; CMY-2
AB Multidrug resistance plasmids carrying the bla(CMY-2) gene have been identified in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhimurium and Newport from the United States. This gene confers decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone, and is most often found in strains with concomitant resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole and tetracycline. The bla(CMY-2)-carrying plasmids studied here were shown to also carry the florfenicol resistance gene, floR, on a genetic structure previously identified in Escherichia coli plasmids in Europe. These data indicate that the use of different antimicrobial agents, including phenicols, may serve to maintain multidrug resistance plasmids on which extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance determinants co-exist with other resistance genes in Salmonella. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Microbiological Societies.
C1 INRA, Unite Bioagresseurs, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
   Ist Super Sanita, Batteriol & Micol Med Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy.
   CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Laurel, MD 20708 USA.
RP Cloeckaert, A (reprint author), INRA, Unite Bioagresseurs, F-37380 Nouzilly, France.
EM cloeckae@tours.inra.fr
NR 20
TC 27
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0378-1097
J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT
JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 233
IS 2
BP 301
EP 305
DI 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.02.023
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 812BQ
UT WOS:000220815400017
PM 15063500
ER

PT J
AU Paramsothy, P
   Duerr, A
   Heilig, CM
   Cu-Uvin, S
   Anderson, JR
   Schuman, P
   Klein, RS
AF Paramsothy, P
   Duerr, A
   Heilig, CM
   Cu-Uvin, S
   Anderson, JR
   Schuman, P
   Klein, RS
CA HER Study Grp
TI Abnormal vaginal cytology in HIV-infected and at-risk women after
   hysterectomy
SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
LA English
DT Article
DE HIV; women; hysterectomy; vaginal smears; squamous intraepithelial
   lesion; vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia; human papillomavirus
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; ACTIVE
   ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; PAPANICOLAOU
   SMEARS; SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; BENIGN DISEASE;
   PREVALENCE; CANCER
AB Objective: To determine the frequency of and risk factors for abnormal vaginal Papanicolaou smears in HIV-infected women after hysterectomy.
   Methods: Data were from the HIV Epidemiology Research (HER) study, a prospective multisite study of HIV-infected and uninfected women. Semiannual vaginal Papanicolaou smears and colposcopy data were obtained from 102 HIV-infected and 46 at-risk women who had hysterectomy either before or during the study. Analytic models used include Cox proportional hazards (women with hysterectomy during the study) and multiple logistic regressions, which corrected for repeated measures (all women).
   Results: Among the HIV-infected women, evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia before or at hysterectomy was associated with abnormal cytology during follow-up; 63% had squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) on vaginal Papanicolaou smears following hysterectomy. CD4 counts of <200 cells/muL at hysterectomy and HIV viral load of >10,000 copies/mL at hysterectomy were predictive of SIL vaginal cytology. Prevalent SIL vaginal cytology was associated with low CD4 count and human papillomavirus risk type. Of the 102 HIV-infected women, 16 (16%) had vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia on biopsy.
   Conclusions: The high rate of SIL on vaginal Papanicolaou smears and the presence of high-grade vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia among HIV-infected women after hysterectomy demonstrate the need for continued follow-up for lower genital tract lesions.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Contracept Res & Dev Program, Arlington, VA USA.
   Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA.
   Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
   Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
RP Duerr, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Hwy,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM pfp5@cdc.gov; aduerr@fhcrc.org
RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008
OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU506831, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798,
   U64/CCU306802]
NR 32
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1525-4135
J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF
JI JAIDS
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 35
IS 5
BP 484
EP 491
DI 10.1097/00126334-200404150-00006
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 809JC
UT WOS:000220632000006
PM 15021313
ER

PT J
AU Sullivan, PS
   Lansky, A
   Drake, A
AF Sullivan, PS
   Lansky, A
   Drake, A
CA HITS-2000 Investigators
TI Failure to return for HIV test results among persons at high risk for
   HIV infection - Results from a multistate interview project
SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
LA English
DT Article
DE HIV testing; failure to return; rapid testing
ID PSYCHOSOCIAL PREDICTORS; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; BEHAVIORS; CLIENTS;
   RATES; SITE
AB Background: Voluntary counseling and testing is an important strategy for HIV prevention. For optimal impact, however, clients must return for HIV test results and counseling. The goal of this study was to document the frequency of self-reported failure to return for HIV test results (FTR) and associated reasons among persons at high risk for HIV infection.
   Methods: Respondents were recruited at gay bars (men who have sex with men [MSM]), by street intercept (injection drug users [IDUs]), or at sexually transmitted disease clinics (high-risk heterosexuals [HRHs]) in 7 US states in 2000. Self-reported history of and reasons for FTR were evaluated.
   Results: FTR was commonly reported among 2241 respondents: 10% of MSM, 20% of HRHs, and 27% of IDUs reported FTR at least once. FTR was significantly (P < 0.05) more common among those with higher perceived risk of HIV infection and significantly less common among HRHs who had completed more than high school (vs. high school or General Education Development certificate) or were employed part time (VS. unemployed). About one fourth of respondents cited fear of getting test results as an important reason for FTR.
   Conclusion: Self-reported occurrences of FTR in our venue-recruited sample were similar to proportions of FTR previously reported from publicly funded venues. Increased pretest counseling on fear of learning HIV status and on the availability of rapid testing may help to reduce FTR.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Sullivan, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM pssO@cdc.gov
OI Sullivan, Patrick/0000-0002-7728-0587
NR 24
TC 55
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 5
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1525-4135
J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF
JI JAIDS
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 35
IS 5
BP 511
EP 518
DI 10.1097/00126334-200404150-00009
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 809JC
UT WOS:000220632000009
PM 15021316
ER

PT J
AU Harawa, NT
   Greenland, S
   Bingham, TA
   Johnson, DF
   Cochran, SD
   Cunningham, WE
   Celentano, DD
   Koblin, BA
   LaLota, M
   MacKellar, DA
   McFarland, W
   Shehan, D
   Stoyanoff, S
   Thiede, H
   Torian, L
   Valleroy, LA
AF Harawa, NT
   Greenland, S
   Bingham, TA
   Johnson, DF
   Cochran, SD
   Cunningham, WE
   Celentano, DD
   Koblin, BA
   LaLota, M
   MacKellar, DA
   McFarland, W
   Shehan, D
   Stoyanoff, S
   Thiede, H
   Torian, L
   Valleroy, LA
TI Associations of race/ethnicity with HIV prevalence and HIV-related
   behaviors among young men who have sex with men in 7 urban centers in
   the United States
SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
LA English
DT Article
DE ethnic groups; HIV risk factors; epidemiology; young adults;
   homosexuality; drug use; sexual behavior
ID NEW-YORK-CITY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN; RISK-FACTORS; GAY MEN; HOMOSEXUAL
   MEN; SUBSTANCE USE; BISEXUAL MEN; LOS-ANGELES; INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE
C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
   Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA.
   Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA.
   Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   San Francisco Dept Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA.
   Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA.
   Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA.
   New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA.
RP Harawa, NT (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, HIV Epidemiol Program, 600 S Comminwealth Blvd,Suite 1920, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM nharawa@dhs.co.la.ca.us
FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI07481]; NICHD NIH HHS [1P20HD000148]
NR 54
TC 168
Z9 169
U1 1
U2 9
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1525-4135
J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF
JI JAIDS
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 35
IS 5
BP 526
EP 536
DI 10.1097/00126334-200404150-00011
PG 11
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 809JC
UT WOS:000220632000011
PM 15021318
ER

PT J
AU Barrientos, LG
   Lasala, F
   Otero, JR
   Sanchez, A
   Delgado, R
AF Barrientos, LG
   Lasala, F
   Otero, JR
   Sanchez, A
   Delgado, R
TI In vitro evaluation of cyanovirin-N antiviral activity, by use of
   lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with filovirus envelope glycoproteins
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID EBOLA-VIRUS; DC-SIGN; GP120; PROTEIN; BINDS
AB Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) has been shown to inhibit Ebola Zaire virus (EboZV) infection, both in vitro and in vivo, through its ability to bind to oligomannoses-8/9 on the EboZV surface glycoprotein ( GP). Here, we report the in vitro potency of CV-N to inhibit EboZV GP - and Marburg virus GP - pseudotyped viruses (EC50 similar to 40 - 60 nmol/L and similar to 6 - 25 nmol/L, respectively) from mediating gene transduction into HeLa cells. In addition, we provide evidence that CV-N can effectively inhibit DC-SIGN - mediated EboZV infection. Our data emphasize both the utility of GP-pseudotyped vectors in the assessment of compounds that affect cell entry by filovirus and the use of CV-N as a reagent for the probing of carbohydrate-dependent interactions at viral entry.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Hosp 12 Octubre, Mol Microbiol Lab, E-28041 Madrid, Spain.
RP Barrientos, LG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MailStop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM lbarrientos1@cdc.gov; rdelgado.hdoc@salud.madrid.org
RI Delgado, Rafael/C-4910-2016
OI Delgado, Rafael/0000-0002-6912-4736
NR 15
TC 24
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 189
IS 8
BP 1440
EP 1443
DI 10.1086/382658
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 810WW
UT WOS:000220735400014
PM 15073681
ER

PT J
AU Dillon, C
   Paulose-Ram, R
   Hirsch, R
   Gu, QP
AF Dillon, C
   Paulose-Ram, R
   Hirsch, R
   Gu, QP
TI Skeletal muscle relaxant use in the United States - Data from the Third
   National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
SO SPINE
LA English
DT Article
DE back pain; drug utilization; NHANES; prevalence; quinine sulfate;
   survey; muscle relaxant
ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; MEDICATION USE; PRIMARY-CARE; DRUGS; ANALGESICS; THERAPY
AB Study Design. Population-based cross-sectional prevalence survey.
   Objectives. To define muscle relaxant use patterns in the United States.
   Summary of Background Data: Despite a long history of use for back pain and musculoskeletal disorders, national prevalence patterns of prescription muscle relaxant use have not been defined.
   Methods. NHANES III ( 1988 - 1994) is an in-person health examination survey of the U. S. civilian population, based on a complex, multistage probability sample design.
   Results. An estimated 2 million American adults reported muscle relaxant use (1-month period prevalence 1.0%; 95% confidence interval 0.8 - 1.3%). While virtually all (94%) used individual muscle relaxants rather than fixed combination muscle relaxant analgesics, two thirds took an additional prescription analgesic. Men and women had similar usage. Median user age was 42 years, but 16% of users were older than 60 years. Eighty-five percent of users took muscle relaxants for back pain or muscle disorders. Two thirds of muscle relaxant users had histories of recent back pain; however, only 4% of all those with a recent history of back pain reported any muscle relaxant use. Mean length of use was 2.1 years ( 95% confidence interval 1.6 - 2.6), with 44.5% taking medication longer than a year ( 95% confidence interval 35.7 - 53.3). Muscle relaxant use in the elderly, among older persons with ambulatory impairments, and in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease appeared undiminished compared with general population use.
   Conclusions. Although typically recommended for short-term treatment of back pain, muscle relaxants are often used chronically and are prescribed to subpopulations potentially at risk for adverse effects.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, US Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA.
   Orkand Corp, Falls Church, VA USA.
RP Dillon, C (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, DHES NHANES, 3311 Toldeo Rd,Rm 4217, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
EM cid2@cdc.gov
NR 23
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0362-2436
J9 SPINE
JI SPINE
PD APR 15
PY 2004
VL 29
IS 8
BP 892
EP 896
DI 10.1097/00007632-200404150-00014
PG 5
WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics
GA 812XB
UT WOS:000220871100013
PM 15082991
ER

PT J
AU Lavonas, EJ
   Kerns, WP
   Tomaszewski, CA
   Blackwell, TH
   Galaska, PN
   Hay, TL
   McCormick, GE
   Brown, AS
   Mott, JA
AF Lavonas, EJ
   Kerns, WP
   Tomaszewski, CA
   Blackwell, TH
   Galaska, PN
   Hay, TL
   McCormick, GE
   Brown, AS
   Mott, JA
TI Use of carbon monoxide alarms to prevent poisonings during a power
   outage - North Carolina, December 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg
   189-192, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 Charlotte Fire Dept, Charlotte, NC USA.
   CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 14
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 14
BP 1691
EP 1692
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 811RJ
UT WOS:000220788700007
ER

PT J
AU Klausner, JD
   Engelman, J
   Lukehart, SA
   Berman, SM
   Mitchell, SJ
AF Klausner, JD
   Engelman, J
   Lukehart, SA
   Berman, SM
   Mitchell, SJ
TI Brief report: Azithromycin treatment failures in syphilis infections -
   San Francisco, California, 2002-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg
   197-198, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA.
   Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Klausner, JD (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, STD Prevent & Control Serv, San Francisco, CA USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 14
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 14
BP 1692
EP 1693
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 811RJ
UT WOS:000220788700008
ER

PT J
AU Ham, SA
   Yore, MM
   Fulton, JE
   Kohl, HW
AF Ham, SA
   Yore, MM
   Fulton, JE
   Kohl, HW
TI Prevalence of no leisure-time physical activity - 35 states and the
   District of Columbia, 1988-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 82-86,
   2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID HEALTH
C1 CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Ham, SA (reprint author), CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 11
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 14
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 14
BP 1693
EP 1694
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 811RJ
UT WOS:000220788700009
ER

PT J
AU Kellerman, SE
   Do, A
   Metler, R
   Hammett, T
   Sullivan, P
AF Kellerman, SE
   Do, A
   Metler, R
   Hammett, T
   Sullivan, P
TI Intentional self-inoculation with HIV-positive blood: a case series from
   the centers for disease control and prevention HIV/AIDS surveillance
   system
SO AIDS
LA English
DT Letter
ID AIDS
C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, HIV Incidence & Case Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   CDCP, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Kellerman, SE (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Behav & Clin Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RI Sullivan, Patrick/A-9436-2009
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 3
U2 3
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0269-9370
J9 AIDS
JI Aids
PD APR 9
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 6
BP 965
EP 968
DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000125922.03045.45
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA 818DJ
UT WOS:000221225500023
PM 15060453
ER

PT J
AU Lipscomb, JC
   Barton, HA
   Tornero-Velez, R
   Evans, MV
   Alcasey, S
   Snawder, JE
   Laskey, J
AF Lipscomb, JC
   Barton, HA
   Tornero-Velez, R
   Evans, MV
   Alcasey, S
   Snawder, JE
   Laskey, J
TI The metabolic rate constants and specific activity of human and rat
   hepatic cytochrome P-450 2E1 toward toluene and chloroform
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES
LA English
DT Article
ID TRICHLOROETHYLENE METABOLISM; LIVER-MICROSOMES; BIOACTIVATION;
   EXTRAPOLATION; OXIDATION; VARIANCE; ETHANOL; PROTEIN; FORMS; MICE
AB Chloroform (CHCl3) is a near-ubiquitous environmental contaminant, a by-product of the disinfection of drinking water sources and a commercially important compound. Standards for safe exposure have been established based on information defining its toxicity, which is mediated by metabolites. The metabolism of CHCl3 is via cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated oxidation to phosgene, which is known to obey a saturable mechanism. CyP2E1 is a highly conserved form, expressed in all mammalian systems studied, and is responsible for the metabolism of a great many low-molecular-weight (halogenated) compounds. However, the Michaelis-Menten rate constants for CHCl3 oxidation have not been derived in vitro, and the specific activity of CYP2E1 toward CHCl3 has not been reported. In this investigation with microsomal protein (MSP), apparent V-max values of 27.6 and 28.3 nmol/h/mg MSP and apparent K-m values of 1 and 0.15 muM in rats and human organ donors, respectively, were demonstrated. The specific activity of CYP2E1 toward CHCl3 in rats and humans was 5.29 and 5.24 pmol/min/pmol CYP2E1, respectively. Toluene metabolism to benzyl alcohol (BA), another CYP2E1-dependent reaction, was also highly dependent on CYP2E1 content in humans, and was more efficient than was CHCl3 metabolism. The specific activity of human CYP2E1 toward toluene metabolism in human MSP was 23 pmol/min/pmol CYP2E1. These results demonstrate that differences in CYP2E1 content of MSP among individuals and between species are largely responsible for observed differences in toluene and CHCl3 metabolism in vitro.
C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
   US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
   US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
   NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
   Natl Caucus & Ctr Black Aged Inc, SEP, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA.
EM lipscomb.john@epa.gov
NR 32
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 1
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1528-7394
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A
JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A
PD APR 9
PY 2004
VL 67
IS 7
BP 537
EP 553
DI 10.1080/15287390490425588
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 807GO
UT WOS:000220490200002
PM 15129551
ER

PT J
AU Shapiro, S
   Morrow, P
   Fallico, F
   Baumgartner, EA
AF Shapiro, S
   Morrow, P
   Fallico, F
   Baumgartner, EA
TI Hypothermia-related deaths - United States, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR,
   vol 53, pg 172-173, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA.
   Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Juneau, AK USA.
   CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Shapiro, S (reprint author), Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 7
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 13
BP 1556
EP 1557
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 809PQ
UT WOS:000220649000006
ER

PT J
AU Kenyon, C
   Miller, C
   Ehresmann, K
   Boxrud, D
   Cassiday, P
   Sanden, GN
   Bisgard, KM
   Kiang, K
AF Kenyon, C
   Miller, C
   Ehresmann, K
   Boxrud, D
   Cassiday, P
   Sanden, GN
   Bisgard, KM
   Kiang, K
TI Fatal case of unsuspected pertussis diagnosed from a blood culture -
   Minnesota, 2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 131-132, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Immunizat TB & Int Hlth Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Kenyon, C (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Immunizat TB & Int Hlth Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 7
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 13
BP 1557
EP 1558
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 809PQ
UT WOS:000220649000007
ER

PT J
AU Palella, FJ
   Chmiel, JS
   Holmberg, SD
AF Palella, FJ
   Chmiel, JS
   Holmberg, SD
TI HIV survival benefit associated with earlier antiviral therapy -
   Response
SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Palella, FJ (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA
SN 0003-4819
J9 ANN INTERN MED
JI Ann. Intern. Med.
PD APR 6
PY 2004
VL 140
IS 7
BP 579
EP 579
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 808OE
UT WOS:000220577600015
ER

PT J
AU B'Hymer, C
   Cheever, KL
AF B'Hymer, C
   Cheever, KL
TI Development of a gas chromatographic test for the quantification of the
   biomarker 3-bromopropionic acid in human urine
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL
   AND LIFE SCIENCES
LA English
DT Article
DE 3-bromopropionic acid; 1-bromopropane
ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; 1-BROMOPROPANE; METABOLISM; 2-BROMOPROPANE; RATS;
   DISORDERS; SOLVENTS; EXPOSURE; ANALOGS; INVIVO
AB An accurate and precise method was developed for the detection and quantification of 3-bromopropionic acid (3-BPA), a metabolite and biomarker for exposure to 1-bromopropane (1-BP). 1-BP is used as an industrial solvent and exposure is a health concern for industrial workers due to its toxicity. It has been associated with neurological disorders in both animals and humans. Urine sample preparation for the determination of 3-BPA consisted of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) with ethyl acetate and silylation with N-methyl-N-[tert-butyldimethylsilyl]trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA). Quantification was by means of a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD) using a dimethylpolysiloxane (HP-1) capillary column and 3-chloropropionic acid was used as an internal standard in the procedure. Demonstrated accuracy and precision during this method's validation was good; recovery varied between 93 and 98% with relative standard deviations (R.D.S.) of 5.7% or less. The limit of detection (LOD) for the procedure was approximately 0.01 mug/ml 3-BPA in urine. These data and other factors of the development and validation of this test method will be discussed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol,Taft Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP B'Hymer, C (reprint author), NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol,Taft Lab, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
EM cbhymer@cdc.gov
NR 26
TC 19
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1570-0232
J9 J CHROMATOGR B
JI J. Chromatogr. B
PD APR 5
PY 2004
VL 802
IS 2
BP 361
EP 366
DI 10.1016/j.jchromb.2003.12.004
PG 6
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 800TS
UT WOS:000220051200017
PM 15018799
ER

PT J
AU Schier, JG
   Ravikumar, PR
   Nelson, LS
   Heller, MB
   Howland, MA
   Hoffman, RS
AF Schier, JG
   Ravikumar, PR
   Nelson, LS
   Heller, MB
   Howland, MA
   Hoffman, RS
TI Preparing for chemical terrorism: Stability of injectable atropine
   sulfate
SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual North American Congress of Clinical Toxicology
CY SEP 24-29, 2002
CL PALM SPRINGS, CA
DE atropine; organophosphate; drug stability
ID KINETICS; HYDROLYSIS; ANTIDOTES; PRODUCTS
AB Objective: A massive nerve agent attack may rapidly deplete in-date supplies of atropine. The authors considered using atropine beyond its labeled shelf life. The objective was to determine the stability of premixed injectable atropine sulfate samples with different expiration dates. Methods: This was an in-vitro study using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Four atropine solutions (labeled concentration of 400 mug/mL) ranging from in date to 12 years beyond expiration (exp) and an additional sample of atropine sulfate (labeled concentration of 2,000 mug/mL) obtained from a World War 11 era autoinjector were assayed for atropine stability. Standards of atropine sulfate and tropine were prepared and quantified by GC/MS. Study samples were prepared by adding a buffer solution to free the base, extracting with an isopropanol/methylene chloride mixture and followed by evaporating the organic layer to dryness. Pentafluoropropionic anhydride and pentafluoro-propanol were then added as derivatization reagents. Study samples were heated, the derivitization reagents were evaporated, and the remaining compound was reconstituted in ethyl acetate for injection into the GC/MS. Results: All solutions were clear and colorless. Atropine concentrations were as follows: in date, 252 mug/mL,; 2001 exp, 290 mug/mL; 1999 exp, 314 mug/mL,; 1990 exp, 398 mug/mL; and WW 11 specimen, 1,475 mug/mL. Tropine was found in concentrations of <10 mug/mL in all study samples. Conclusions: Significant amounts of atropine were found in all study samples. All samples remained clear and colorless, and no substantial amount of tropine was found in any study sample. Further testing is needed to determine clinical effect.
C1 NYC Poison Control Ctr, New York, NY USA.
   NYC Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Labs, New York, NY USA.
   St Johns Univ, Coll Pharm, Jamaica, NY 11439 USA.
RP Schier, JG (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, EHHE, HSB, F-46,4770 Buford Highway NE, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA.
EM jschier@cdc.gov
RI Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013
NR 14
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 13
PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA
SN 1069-6563
J9 ACAD EMERG MED
JI Acad. Emerg. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 11
IS 4
BP 329
EP 334
DI 10.1197/j.aem.2003.06.014
PG 6
WC Emergency Medicine
SC Emergency Medicine
GA 809TO
UT WOS:000220659200001
PM 15064203
ER

PT J
AU Maynard, AD
   Ito, Y
   Arslan, I
   Zimmer, AT
   Browning, N
   Nicholls, A
   Nicholls, A
AF Maynard, AD
   Ito, Y
   Arslan, I
   Zimmer, AT
   Browning, N
   Nicholls, A
   Nicholls, A
TI Examining elemental surface enrichment in ultrafine aerosol particles
   using analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy
SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ENERGY-LOSS SPECTROSCOPY; ENVIRONMENTAL PARTICLES; TUNNELING
   SPECTROSCOPY; CLAY OCCLUSION; WELDING FUMES; RESOLUTION; FLAME;
   NANOPARTICLES; SIZE; AREA
AB The surface structure and chemistry of ultrafine aerosol particles (typically particles smaller than 100 nm in diameter) play key roles in determining physical and chemical behavior, and is relevant to fields as diverse as nanotechnology and aerosol toxicity. Analytical scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is one of the few analytical methods available that is potentially capable of characterizing ultrafine particles at subnanometer resolution. We propose a method that enables STEM to characterize and quantify elemental surface enrichment within radially symmetrical particles at a spatial resolution of less than 1 mm when used in conjunction with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Although the method relies on a number of assumptions for complete particle characterization, estimation of the depth of an outer layer of elemental enrichment should be possible with relatively few assumptions. A preliminary investigation of the method has been carried out using particles from gas metal arc welding on mild steel. Using the analysis method, we were able to characterize Si and O enrichment in a number of particles. Two particles were investigated extensively using EELS and EDS analysis. Both techniques allowed surface enrichment of Si to be identified and quantified in the particles, although the relatively poor sensitivity of EDS was a limiting factor in the analysis. EELS allowed rapid data collection and enabled surface enrichment of Si and O to be characterized. Using a simple model to describe elemental composition with radial position, it was estimated that Si and O were enriched in an outer layer around the particle approximately 1 nm deep.
C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
   No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA.
   Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Chicago, IL 60680 USA.
   Univ Illinois, Res Resources Ctr, Chicago, IL USA.
RP Maynard, AD (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R3, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
EM amaynard@cdc.gov
RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; 
OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128; Browning, Nigel/0000-0003-0491-251X
NR 59
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 7
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 0278-6826
J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH
JI Aerosol Sci. Technol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 4
BP 365
EP 381
DI 10.1080/02786820490437479
PG 17
WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences;
   Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric
   Sciences
GA 825ZF
UT WOS:000221797300009
ER

PT J
AU Loughlin, A
   Metsch, L
   Gardner, L
   Anderson-Mahoney, P
   Barrigan, M
   Strathdee, S
AF Loughlin, A
   Metsch, L
   Gardner, L
   Anderson-Mahoney, P
   Barrigan, M
   Strathdee, S
TI Provider barriers to prescribing HAART to medically-eligible
   HIV-infected drug users
SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY;
   UNITED-STATES; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS; SERVICES UTILIZATION;
   CASE-MANAGEMENT; CARE; IMPACT; ACCESS; AIDS
AB We aimed to identify factors associated with a medical provider's resistance to prescribing HAART to medically-eligible HIV-infected illicit drug users. In four US cities, a mailed, self-administered survey queried 420 HIV care providers about patients' characteristics and barriers to care. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression. Providers identified as resistant to prescribing HAART to medically-eligible HIV-infected illicit drug users were more likely to be non-physicians (AOR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.04-3.46), to work in populations with a high prevalence of both mental illness (AOR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.11-5.26) and injection drug use (AOR = 1.82 95% CI: 1.02-3.25) and were deterred from prescribing HAART by patients' limited ability to keep appointments, (AOR = 3.19; 95% CI: 1.39-7.37), alcoholism (AOR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.04-3.55) and homelessness (AOR = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.07-3.06). Providers working in populations with a high injection drug use prevalence commonly reported higher prevalence of non-injection drug use, alcohol problems and mental illness, and higher antiretroviral therapy refusal rates within their patient populations. Our findings underscore the challenges to providers who treat HIV-infected drug users and suggest that their care and treatment would benefit from on-site drug treatment, mental health and social services.
C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Maxwell Finland Labs, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
   Univ Miami, Sch Med, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
RP Loughlin, A (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Maxwell Finland Labs, 774 Albany St,Room 315D, Boston, MA 02118 USA.
EM aloughli@bu.edu
RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009
NR 63
TC 28
Z9 30
U1 1
U2 2
PU CARFAX PUBLISHING
PI BASINGSTOKE
PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND
SN 0954-0121
J9 AIDS CARE
JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 16
IS 4
BP 485
EP 500
DI 10.1080/09540120410001683411
PG 16
WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences,
   Biomedical
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences
GA 817FI
UT WOS:000221163000007
PM 15203416
ER

PT J
AU Hutchinson, AB
   Corbie-Smith, G
   Thomas, SB
   Mohanan, S
   del Rio, C
AF Hutchinson, AB
   Corbie-Smith, G
   Thomas, SB
   Mohanan, S
   del Rio, C
TI Understanding the patient's perspective on rapid and routine HIV testing
   in an inner-city urgent care center
SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION
LA English
DT Article
ID HIGH-RISK; EMERGENCY; INFECTION; POPULATIONS
AB The purpose of this study was to explore patient perspectives of rapid and routine HIV-testing in an urgent care center at an urban public hospital. We conducted structured focus groups during a clinical trial comparing routinely offered rapid HIV-testing, routinely offered enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing, and conventional EIA testing. Participants of the six focus groups were 89% African American, 60% uninsured, and had a low educational status. Four independent coders analyzed the data using iterative content analysis. Rapid testing was preferred to EIA testing because it reduced the need for a return visit and stress of waiting for test results, though there were concerns about accuracy. Participants supported routinely offering testing, but there were concerns about privacy and cost. Fear and stigma were common reasons for refusing testing and not returning for results. Distrust and misconceptions about HIV, particularly regarding the importance of testing, were very common.
C1 Georgia State Univ, Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
   Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Publ Policy, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA.
   Carolinas HealthCare Syst, Charlotte, NC 28232 USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Hutchinson, AB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM ahutchinson@cdc.gov
RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012
OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU416463]
NR 34
TC 85
Z9 88
U1 0
U2 4
PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA
SN 0899-9546
J9 AIDS EDUC PREV
JI Aids Educ. Prev.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 16
IS 2
BP 101
EP 114
DI 10.1521/aeap.16.2.101.29394
PG 14
WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 816SY
UT WOS:000221130800001
PM 15134119
ER

PT J
AU Calvert, GM
AF Calvert, GM
TI Health effects from pesticide exposure
SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID SURFACES
C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-17, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS
PI KANSAS CITY
PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA
SN 0002-838X
J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN
JI Am. Fam. Physician
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 69
IS 7
BP 1613
EP +
PG 3
WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 811GR
UT WOS:000220760900003
PM 15086034
ER

PT J
AU Gillespie, C
   Ballew, C
   Bowman, BA
   Donehoo, R
   Serdula, MK
AF Gillespie, C
   Ballew, C
   Bowman, BA
   Donehoo, R
   Serdula, MK
TI Intraindividual variation in serum retinol concentrations among
   participants in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination
   Survey, 1988-1994
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE biological variation; CV; regression; regression to the mean; serum
   retinol; vitamin A; Third National Health and Nutrition Examination
   Survey; NHANES III
ID INTRA-INDIVIDUAL VARIATION; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; VITAMIN-A; REFERENCE
   VALUES; BETA-CAROTENE; CHOLESTEROL; LIPIDS; VARIABILITY; DISTRIBUTIONS;
   CONSTITUENTS
AB Background: The biological variability in serum retinol concentrations has never been examined in a large sample, and its effect on population distribution estimates and the clinical assessment of vitamin A status is unknown. I
   Objective: We evaluated the biological CV of serum retinol and examined the effect of the CV on both population distribution estimates and clinical assessments of vitamin A status by using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994.
   Design: We described the biological CV [(SD/root(x) over bar) x 100] and examined associations between the CV and other factors via multivariate analysis of variance and linear regression. We used linear regression to predict the mean retinol concentration from a single concentration and established 95% CIs for each participant. We estimated the adjusted prevalence of inadequate vitamin A status (retinol < 1.05 mumol/L) on the basis of the CIs.,We estimated an uncertainty range for serum retinol concentrations for which the CIs included the established cutoff.
   Results: The mean biological CV across all strata was 6.45%. The biological CV varied significantly between racial-ethnic groups (P < 0.05). Prevalence estimates of inadequate serum retinol concentrations were reduced after adjustment for the total variation, with an adjusted overall prevalence of 0.62% compared with an unadjusted prevalence of 2.63%.
   Conclusions: The actual population prevalence of inadequate vitamin A status may be 75% lower than the estimates previously reported. Confirmation of vitamin A status may be needed for persons in the United States with observed serum retinol concentrations near the recognized cutoff.
C1 Chron Dis Prevent Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Alaska Nat Epidemiol Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA.
RP Gillespie, C (reprint author), Chron Dis Prevent Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM cgillespie@cdc.gov
NR 39
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 79
IS 4
BP 625
EP 632
PG 8
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 807IZ
UT WOS:000220496500016
PM 15051607
ER

PT J
AU Kruszon-Moran, DM
   McQuillan, GM
   Chu, SY
AF Kruszon-Moran, DM
   McQuillan, GM
   Chu, SY
TI Tetanus and diphtheria immunity among females in the United States: Are
   recommendations being followed?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE tetanus; diphtheria; immunity; vaccination; survey
ID OBSTETRICIAN-GYNECOLOGISTS; HEALTH-CARE; VACCINE
AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine prevalence and factors associated with tetanus and diphtheria immunity among women in the United States.
   Study design: Sera from 9411 female participants from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were tested for diphtheria and tetanus antitoxin. Interview information for adult women was analyzed to examine associations with immunity.
   Results: Fifty-seven percent of the female subjects who were greater than or equal to6 years old were positive for diphtheria, and 64% of the female subjects for tetanus anti-toxin. Among women greater than or equal to20 years old, only 41% of the women were protected against both antigens. Older age, birth outside the United States, and less education was associated with lower immunity. Markers for contact with the health care system were not related to higher immunity.
   Conclusion: More than one half of US women greater than or equal to20 years old who were tested were not protected fully against diphtheria and tetanus. All physicians, including obstetricians and gynecologists who may be the sole medical providers for women, should be familiar with the current Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommendations regarding tetanus and diphtheria toxoid booster vaccines. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Kruszon-Moran, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Nutr Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
NR 26
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY, INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA
SN 0002-9378
J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 190
IS 4
BP 1070
EP 1076
DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.09.051
PG 7
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 817XG
UT WOS:000221209600053
PM 15118644
ER

PT J
AU Strine, TW
   Balluz, L
   Chapman, DP
   Moriarty, DG
   Owens, M
   Mokdad, AH
AF Strine, TW
   Balluz, L
   Chapman, DP
   Moriarty, DG
   Owens, M
   Mokdad, AH
TI Risk behaviors and healthcare coverage among adults by frequent mental
   distress status, 2001
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES;
   PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; US; DEPRESSION; MORTALITY; VIOLENCE;
   MEDICINE
AB Background: Given the increased emphasis on chronic diseases in the United States, physicians and health survey analysts are now gathering information on patients' subjective measures of health, also known as health-related quality-of-life measures. Studies indicate that these measures can be more powerful predictors of chronic disease-related morbidity and mortality than objective measures.
   Methods: The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is an ongoing, state-based, random-digit-dialed telephone survey of the non-Instittitionalized U.S. population aged 18 years or older. This Study examined frequent mental distress (FMD), defined as self-reported 14 or more mentally unhealthy days in the past 30 days, and its association with adverse health behaviors and lack of healthcare coverage.
   Results: In 2001, approximately 10% of adults reported FMD. Persons reporting FMD had a hi 9 her prevalence of smoking, drinking heavily, physical inactivity, and obesity than did persons without FMD. They were also more often without healthcare coverage. In addition, persons with FMD were more likely to engage in multiple adverse behaviors than were persons without FMD.
   Conclusions: Persons reporting FMD are at higher risk of chronic diseases because they engage in risky health behaviors and lack healthcare coverage. This study Provides further support that mental health screening as well as physical health screening is important in clinical practice. Further research is needed to identify therapeutic or mental health-promoting interventions to reduce mental distress and reinforce healthy behaviors.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Strine, TW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM tws2@cdc.gov
NR 43
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 26
IS 3
BP 213
EP 216
DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.11.002
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA 804SU
UT WOS:000220319200004
PM 15026100
ER

PT J
AU Dellinger, AM
   Kresnow, MJ
   White, DD
   Sehgal, M
AF Dellinger, AM
   Kresnow, MJ
   White, DD
   Sehgal, M
TI Risk to self versus risk to others - How do older drivers compare to
   others on the road?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID MEDICAL CONDITIONS; BENZODIAZEPINE USE; ELDERLY DRIVERS; ACCIDENTS;
   CRASHES; USERS
AB Background: The objective of this study was to assess the risk of death or nonfatal injury drivers aged greater than or equal to65 pose to themselves and to other road users as compared with drivers in younger age groups.
   Methods: Crash-related deaths and injuries were separated into two categories: those occurring among the drivers themselves, and those occurring among others, such as passengers, bicyclists, or pedestrians.
   Results: The number of deaths among others varied by driver's age, with deaths among others decreasing as the driver's age increased. The proportion of deaths among others compared with deaths among drivers also varied by age. For drivers in the youngest three age groups, about two thirds of the deaths were among others (ages 16 to 19, 63.1%; ages 20 to 34, 68.1%; and ages 35 to 59, 66.6%). This proportion declined with age, reaching a low among drivers aged greater than or equal to85 years (ages 60 to 74, 52.2%, ages 75 to 84, 37.9%, ages greater than or equal to85, 18.9%). When calculating deaths among others per 100 million miles driven, crashes among voting (16 to 19) and older (aged >74) drivers were associated with more deaths Juries to others than were crashes among drivers aged 20 to 74. The number of nonfatal injuries among others also declined as age of the driver increased. The number of injuries among others per 100 million miles driven was highest among the youngest (16 to 19) and oldest (greater than or equal to85) drivers.
   Conclusions: Our findings suggest that older drivers make relatively small contributions to crash-related morbidity and mortality; moreover, their contributions are generally a result of injuries to self rather than to others.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Dellinger, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM amd1@cdc.gov
NR 19
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 26
IS 3
BP 217
EP 221
DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.10.021
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA 804SU
UT WOS:000220319200005
PM 15026101
ER

PT J
AU Okoro, CA
   Brewer, RD
   Naimi, TS
   Moriarty, DG
   Giles, WH
   Mokdad, AH
AF Okoro, CA
   Brewer, RD
   Naimi, TS
   Moriarty, DG
   Giles, WH
   Mokdad, AH
TI Binge drinking and health-related quality of life - Do popular
   perceptions match reality?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID RISK-FACTOR SURVEILLANCE; ALCOHOL-USE; BRIEF INTERVENTIONS;
   COLLEGE-STUDENTS; PHYSICIAN ADVICE; US ADULTS; DRINKERS; WOMEN;
   CONSUMPTION; TOBACCO
AB Background: Popular culture (movies, television shows, advertising) often portrays drinking to the point of intoxication as either humorous or associated with enjoyable social activities that enhance quality of life. This study examined the association between binge drinking (consuming five or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion) and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among U.S. adults.
   Methods: Data are from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a continuous random-digit-dial telephone survey of adults aged 2 18 years conducted in all states. This survey included questions about alcohol consumption and HRQOL.
   Results: In 2001, 52% of U.S. adults were current drinkers (one or more drinks in the past 30 days). Of current drinkers, 11% were frequent binge drinkers (three or more episodes in past month) and 14% were infrequent binge drinkers (one to two episodes in past month). After adjusting for confounding factors, frequent binge drinkers were more likely than non-binge drinkers to experience greater than or equal to14 unhealthy days (physical or mental) in the past month (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]-1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.24-1.56), primarily because they had more mentally unhealthy days than non-binge drinkers (AOR=1.52, 95% CI 1.32-1.75).
   Conclusions: Frequent binge drinking is associated with significantly worse HRQOL and mental distress, including stress, depression, and emotional problems. Effective interventions to prevent binge drinking should be widely adopted and may help improve quality of life.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Okoro, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM Cokoro@cdc.gov
NR 57
TC 80
Z9 81
U1 4
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 26
IS 3
BP 230
EP 233
DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.10.022
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA 804SU
UT WOS:000220319200007
PM 15026103
ER

PT J
AU Rowe, AK
   Powell, KE
   Flanders, WD
AF Rowe, AK
   Powell, KE
   Flanders, WD
TI Why population attributable fractions can sum to more than one
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID RISK-FACTORS; CANCER
AB Background: Population attributable fractions (PAFs) are useful for estimating the proportion of disease cases that could be prevented if risk factors were reduced or eliminated. For diseases with multiple risk factors, PAFs of individual risk factors cart sum to more than 1, a result suggesting the impossible situation in which more than 100% of cases are preventable.
   Methods: A hypothetical example in which risk factors for a disease were eliminated in different sequences was analyzed to show why PAFs can sum to more than 1.
   Results: PAF estimates assume each risk factor is the first to be eliminated, thereby describing mutually exclusive scenarios that are illogical to sum, except under special circumstances. PAFs can sum to more than 1 because some individuals with more than one risk factor can have disease prevented in more than one way, and the prevented cases of these individuals could be counted more than once. Upper and lower limits of sequential attributable fractions (SAFs) cart be calculated to describe the maximum and minimum proportions of the original number of disease cases that would be prevented if a particular risk factor were eliminated.
   Conclusions: Improved descriptions of the assumptions that underlie the PAF calculations, rise of SAF limits, or multivariable PAFs would help avoid unrealistic estimates of the disease burden that would be prevented after resources are expended to reduce or eliminate multiple risk factors.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM axr9@cdc.gov
NR 15
TC 48
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 26
IS 3
BP 243
EP 249
DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.007
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA 804SU
UT WOS:000220319200010
PM 15026106
ER

PT J
AU Rowe, AK
   Kleinbaum, DG
   Koplan, JP
AF Rowe, AK
   Kleinbaum, DG
   Koplan, JP
TI Practical methods for public health practitioners
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID OBSTETRICS; GYNECOLOGY
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Emory Univ, Robert W Woodruff Hlth Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM axr9@cdc.gov
NR 16
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 26
IS 3
BP 252
EP 253
DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.12.002
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA 804SU
UT WOS:000220319200012
PM 15026108
ER

PT J
AU Contractor, D
   Bellamy, P
   Hamilton, D
   Koo, D
   Kellerman, S
AF Contractor, D
   Bellamy, P
   Hamilton, D
   Koo, D
   Kellerman, S
TI Applied epidemiology elective at the Centers for Disease Control and
   Prevention, 1997-2002
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Contractor, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 26
IS 3
BP 254
EP 255
DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.10.020
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA 804SU
UT WOS:000220319200013
PM 15026109
ER

PT J
AU Miller, JW
   Brewer, RD
   Naimi, TS
AF Miller, JW
   Brewer, RD
   Naimi, TS
TI Alcohol consumption patterns and work-related injuries among Colorado
   farm residents
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
ID BINGE DRINKING
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alcohol Team, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Miller, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alcohol Team, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 26
IS 3
BP 255
EP 256
DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2004.01.002
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA 804SU
UT WOS:000220319200014
PM 15026110
ER

PT J
AU Doll, L
   Binder, S
AF Doll, L
   Binder, S
TI Injury prevention research at the Centers for Disease Control and
   Prevention
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID INTERVENTIONS; REVIEWS
C1 Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Doll, L (reprint author), Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K-02, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM lsd1@cdc.gov
NR 20
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 94
IS 4
BP 522
EP 524
DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.4.522
PG 3
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 807IC
UT WOS:000220494200006
PM 15053994
ER

PT J
AU Ham, SA
   Levin, S
   Zlot, AI
   Andrews, RR
   Miles, R
AF Ham, SA
   Levin, S
   Zlot, AI
   Andrews, RR
   Miles, R
TI Ranking of cities according to public health criteria: Pitfalls and
   opportunities
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ADULTS
AB Popular magazines often rank cities in terms of various aspects of quality of life. Such ranking studies can motivate people to visit or relocate to a particular city or increase the frequency with which they engage in healthy behaviors.
   With careful consideration of study design and data limitations, these efforts also can assist policymakers in identifying local public health issues. We discuss considerations in interpreting ranking studies that use environmental measures of a city population's public health related to physical activity, nutrition, and obesity.
   Ranking studies such as those commonly publicized are constrained by statistical methodology issues and a lack of a scientific basis in regard to design.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Johns Hop Univ Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Florida State Univ, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA.
RP Ham, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM sham@cdc.gov
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 94
IS 4
BP 546
EP 549
DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.4.546
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 807IC
UT WOS:000220494200011
PM 15053999
ER

PT J
AU Wang, GJ
   Macera, CA
   Scudder-Soucie, B
   Schmid, T
   Pratt, M
   Buchner, D
   Heath, G
AF Wang, GJ
   Macera, CA
   Scudder-Soucie, B
   Schmid, T
   Pratt, M
   Buchner, D
   Heath, G
TI Cost analysis of the built environment: The case of bike and pedestrian
   trials in Lincoln, Neb
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVENTION; PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION;
   PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; INTERVENTIONS; POLICY; OPPORTUNITIES; MORTALITY;
   WALKING; ADULTS; CANCER
AB We estimated the annual cost of bike and pedestrian trails in Lincoln, Neb, using construction and maintenance costs provided by the Department of Parks and Recreation of Nebraska. We obtained the number of users of 5 trails from a 1998 census report. The annual construction cost of each trail was calculated by using 3%, 5%, and 10% discount rates for a period of useful life of 10, 30, and 50 years. The average cost per mile and per user was calculated.
   Trail length averaged 3.6 miles (range= 1.6-4.6 miles). Annual cost in 2002 dollars ranged from $25 762 to $248479 (mean=$124927; median= $171064). The cost per mile ranged from $5735 to $54017 (mean=$35355; median=$37994). The annual cost per user was $235 (range= $83-$592), whereas per capita annual medical cost of inactivity was $622.
   Construction of trails fits a wide range of budgets and may be a viable health amenity for most communities. To increase trail cost-effectiveness, efforts to decrease cost and increase the number of users should be considered.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv, Phys Act Program, Lincoln, NE USA.
RP Wang, GJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM gbw9@cdc.gov
NR 33
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 94
IS 4
BP 549
EP 553
DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.4.549
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 807IC
UT WOS:000220494200012
PM 15054000
ER

PT J
AU Nelson, DE
   Naimi, TS
   Brewer, RD
   Bolen, J
   Wells, HE
AF Nelson, DE
   Naimi, TS
   Brewer, RD
   Bolen, J
   Wells, HE
TI Metropolitan-area estimates of binge drinking in the United States
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID BRIEF PHYSICIAN ADVICE; RISK-FACTORS; US ADULTS; ALCOHOL; HEALTH;
   MORTALITY; DRINKERS; VALIDITY
AB Objectives. We estimated adult binge drinking prevalence in US metropolitan areas.
   Methods. We analyzed 1997 and 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for 120 metropolitan areas in 48 states and the District of Columbia.
   Results. The prevalence of binge drinking varied substantially across metropolitan areas, from 4.1% in Chattanooga, Tenn, to 23.9% in San Antonio, Tex, (median =14.5%). Seventeen of the 20 metropolitan areas with the highest estimates were located in the upper Midwest, Texas, and Nevada. In 13 of these areas, at least one third of persons aged 18 to 34 years were binge drinkers. There were significant intrastate differences for binge drinking among metropolitan areas in New York, Tennessee, and Utah.
   Conclusions. Metropolitan-area estimates can be used to guide local efforts to reduce binge drinking.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Res Triangle Inst, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Nelson, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,Mail Stop K-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM den2@edc.gov
NR 45
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 2
U2 2
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 800 I STREET, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20001-3710 USA
SN 0090-0036
EI 1541-0048
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 94
IS 4
BP 663
EP 671
DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.4.663
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 807IC
UT WOS:000220494200034
PM 15054022
ER

PT J
AU Tripp, RA
AF Tripp, RA
TI The Brume surrounding respiratory syncytial virus persistence
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID G GLYCOPROTEIN; INFECTION; CELLS; BRONCHIOLITIS; FRACTALKINE; RESPONSES;
   PROTEIN; FORMS
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956
NR 19
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER THORACIC SOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 169
IS 7
BP 778
EP 779
DI 10.1164/rccm.2401013
PG 2
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 807IB
UT WOS:000220494100002
PM 15044217
ER

PT J
AU Jiang, J
   Chan, TC
   Temenak, JJ
   Dasch, GA
   Ching, WM
   Richards, AL
AF Jiang, J
   Chan, TC
   Temenak, JJ
   Dasch, GA
   Ching, WM
   Richards, AL
TI Development of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay
   specific for Orientia tsutsugamushi
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; PROTEIN ANTIGEN R56; SCRUB TYPHUS;
   RICKETTSIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI; FLOW ASSAY; ANTIBODIES; DIAGNOSIS;
   AMPLIFICATION; EXPRESSION; CHIGGERS
AB Two specific and sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed to detect and quantitate Orientia tsutsugamushi, the agent of scrub typhus, using a portion of the 47-kD outer membrane protein antigen/ high temperature requirement A gene as the target. A selected 47-kD protein gene primer pair amplified a 118-basepair fragment from all 26 strains of O. tsutsugamushi evaluated, but it did not produce amplicons when 17 Rickettsia and 18 less-related bacterial nucleic acid extracts were tested. Similar agent specificity for the real-time PCR assay, which used the same primers and a 31-basepair fluorescent probe, was demonstrated. This sensitive and quantitative assay determination of the content of O. tsutsugamushi nucleic acid used a plasmid containing the entire 47-kD gene from the Kato strain as a standard. Enumeration of the copies of O. tsutsugamushi DNA extracted from infected tissues from mice and monkeys following experimental infection with Orientia showed 27-5,552 copies/muL of mouse blood, 14,448-86,012 copies/muL of mouse liver/spleen homogenate, and 3-21 copies/muL of monkey blood.
C1 USN, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   US FDA, Div Vaccines & Related Prod Applicat, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.
RP Jiang, J (reprint author), USN, Rickettsial Dis Dept, Med Res Ctr, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
EM JiangJ@nmrc.navy.mil; ChanC@nmrc.navy.mil
NR 44
TC 97
Z9 105
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 4
BP 351
EP 356
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 814RI
UT WOS:000220991400003
PM 15100446
ER

PT J
AU Blair, PJ
   Schoeler, GB
   Moron, C
   Anaya, E
   Caceda, R
   Cespedes, N
   Cruz, C
   Felices, V
   Guevara, C
   Huaman, A
   Luckett, R
   Mendoza, L
   Richards, AL
   Rios, Z
   Sumner, JW
   Villaseca, P
   Olson, JG
AF Blair, PJ
   Schoeler, GB
   Moron, C
   Anaya, E
   Caceda, R
   Cespedes, N
   Cruz, C
   Felices, V
   Guevara, C
   Huaman, A
   Luckett, R
   Mendoza, L
   Richards, AL
   Rios, Z
   Sumner, JW
   Villaseca, P
   Olson, JG
TI Evidence of rickettsial and leptospfra infections in andean northern
   Peru
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; Q-FEVER; SPOTTED-FEVER; LEPTOSPIROSIS;
   DIAGNOSIS; REGION; SPP.
AB Between May and October 2002, a cluster of acute febrile illnesses occurred in the subtropical Andean foothills of Peru. Serologic evidence in villages where disease had been documented showed that the prevalence of IgM antibody to Leptospira ranged from 6% to 52%, that of IgM antibody to spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsia ranged from 10% to 19%. and that of IgM antibody to Coxiella burnetii from 1% to 15%. Measurement of IgG antibodies for SFG rickettsiae suggested that this disease was endemic. In contrast, IgG antibodies against C burnetii were largely absent. In humans. microagglutination tests identified pathogenic variants of Leptospira. The presence of an SFG rickettsial infection was confirmed in four febrile patients following polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of the conserved 17-kD common antigen gene (htrA). Collectively. these analyses indicated that Rickettsia sp., C. burnetii, and Leptospira sp. were circulating in the region during the time of disease outbreak and implicate the involvement of all as yet undetermined SFG rickettsia in northwestern Peru.
C1 USN, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru.
   NIH, Minist Hlth, Lima, Peru.
   USN, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Blair, PJ (reprint author), USN, Viral Dis Program, Med Res Ctr Detachment, Unit 3800, APO, AA 34031 USA.
EM blair@nmred.med.navy.mil; george.schoeler@ndvecc.navy.mil;
   cmoron@bcm.tmc.edu; richardsA@nmrc.navv.mil; jws3@cdc.gov
NR 33
TC 24
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 4
BP 357
EP 363
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 814RI
UT WOS:000220991400004
PM 15100447
ER

PT J
AU Lindo, JF
   Escoffery, CT
   Reid, B
   Codrington, G
   Cunningham-Myrie, C
   Eberhard, ML
AF Lindo, JF
   Escoffery, CT
   Reid, B
   Codrington, G
   Cunningham-Myrie, C
   Eberhard, ML
TI Fatal autochthonous eosinophilic meningitis in a Jamaican child caused
   by Angiostrongylus cantonensis
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID OUTBREAK
AB A fatal case of infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis is reported in a 14-month-old Jamaican boy. Although infection with Angiostrongylus was not considered initially, sections of multiple worms were observed in the brain and lungs at autopsy and confirmed the infection. This is the first reported fatality due to this infection in the Western Hemisphere, and follows shortly after an outbreak of eosinophilic meningitis among a group of travelers to Jamaica. The source of infection in this case could not be determined.
C1 Univ W Indies, Dept Microbiol, Kingston, Jamaica.
   Univ W Indies, Dept Pathol, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
   Bustamante Hosp Children, Kingston, Jamaica.
   Minist Hlth, Natl Publ Hlth Lab, Kingston, Jamaica.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Lindo, JF (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Dept Microbiol, Kingston, Jamaica.
EM john.lindo@uwimona.edu.jm
NR 13
TC 29
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 4
BP 425
EP 428
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 814RI
UT WOS:000220991400015
PM 15100458
ER

PT J
AU Castle, KT
   Kosoy, M
   Lerdthusnee, K
   Phelan, L
   Bai, Y
   Gage, KL
   Leepitakrat, W
   Monkanna, T
   Khlaimanee, N
   Chandranol, K
   Jones, JW
   Coleman, RE
AF Castle, KT
   Kosoy, M
   Lerdthusnee, K
   Phelan, L
   Bai, Y
   Gage, KL
   Leepitakrat, W
   Monkanna, T
   Khlaimanee, N
   Chandranol, K
   Jones, JW
   Coleman, RE
TI Prevalence and diversity of Bartonella in rodents of northern Thailand:
   A comparison with Bartonella in rodents from southern China
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID HENSELAE SP-NOV; RNA GENE TYPES; ROCHALIMAEA-HENSELAE; DOMESTIC CATS;
   TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; HOST-SPECIFICITY; PATIENT; JAPAN; NEURORETINITIS;
   SEROPREVALENCE
AB We report results of the first study to investigate the distribution and diversity of Bartonella in rodents from Thailand. Whole blood from 195 rodents, representing six species, was tested for the presence of Bartonella species using standard culture techniques. Isolates were obtained from 17 (8.7%) of the samples, and 14 of those isolates represented distinct strains, based upon partial sequencing of the citrate synthase (gltA) gene. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolates and other Bartonella species indicated that five unique isolates from Bandicota indica form a cluster that may represent a new Bartonella species. Two additional isolates from B. indica clustered together, and were nearly identical to an isolate from Apodemus draco collected in southern China. Importantly, a number of the isolates from Thailand rodents are closely related to B. grahamii and B. elizabethae, species which have been associated with human illness.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   USA Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed Forces Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand.
   Yunnan Inst Epidem Dis Control & Res, Yunan, Peoples R China.
RP Castle, KT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO USA.
NR 28
TC 65
Z9 68
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 4
BP 429
EP 433
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 814RI
UT WOS:000220991400016
PM 15100459
ER

PT J
AU Lyon, GM
   Bravo, AV
   Espino, A
   Lindsley, MD
   Gutierrez, RE
   Rodriguez, I
   Corella, A
   Carrillo, F
   McNeil, MM
   Warnock, DW
   Hajjeh, RA
AF Lyon, GM
   Bravo, AV
   Espino, A
   Lindsley, MD
   Gutierrez, RE
   Rodriguez, I
   Corella, A
   Carrillo, F
   McNeil, MM
   Warnock, DW
   Hajjeh, RA
TI Histoplasmosis associated with exploring a bat-inhabited cave in Costa
   Rica, 1998-1999
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID OUTBREAK; CAPSULATUM; WASHINGTON
AB Between October 1998 and April 1999, 51 persons belonging to two separate groups developed acute pulmonary histoplasmosis after visiting a cave in Costa Rica. The first group consisted of 61 children and 14 adults from San Jose. Costa Rica 44 (72%) were diagnosed with acute histoplasmosis. The second group comprised 14 tourists from the United States and Canada 9 (64%) were diagnosed with histoplasmosis. After a median incubation time of 14 days, the most common symptoms were headache, fever, cough, and myalgias. Risk factors for developing histoplasmosis included crawling (odds ratio [OR] 17.5,95% confidence interval [CI] 2.3-802) and visiting one specific room (OR 3.4, 95% CI 1.0-12.3) in the cave. Washing hands (OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.01-0.6) after exiting the cave was associated with a decreased risk of developing histoplasmosis. Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated from bat guano collected from inside the cave. Persons who explore caves, whether for recreation or science, should be aware of the risk bat-inhabited caves pose for developing histoplasmosis, especially if they are immunocompromised in any way.
C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Mycot Dis Branch,Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Integrado Salud Coronado, San Isidro Coronado, Costa Rica.
RP Lyon, GM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Mycot Dis Branch,Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
EM gmlyon@emory.edu
NR 28
TC 46
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 4
BP 438
EP 442
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 814RI
UT WOS:000220991400018
PM 15100461
ER

PT J
AU Sjodin, A
   Jones, RS
   Lapeza, CR
   Focant, JF
   McGahee, EE
   Patterson, DG
AF Sjodin, A
   Jones, RS
   Lapeza, CR
   Focant, JF
   McGahee, EE
   Patterson, DG
TI Semiautomated high-throughput extraction and cleanup method for the
   measurement of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polybrominated biphenyls,
   and polychlorinated biphenyls in human serum
SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID SWEDISH HUMAN-MILK; BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES; FLAME RETARDANTS; FISH;
   ENVIRONMENT; POLLUTANTS; EXPOSURE; RIVER; PBDES
AB A semiautomated extraction and cleanup method has been developed for the measurement of eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) and 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153). The method employs automated addition of internal standards (C-13-labeled), addition of formic acid (denaturation agent), and dilution with water prior to automated overnight extraction using a modular solid-phase extraction (SPE) system. Removal of coextracted biogenic materials was performed on a two-layered 3-mL disposable cartridge containing activated silica gel and a mixture of silica gel and sulfuric acid. Sample cleanup was automated using the same modular SPE system. Reproducibility and precision of the liquid handler used for internal standard additions were shown to be 2 and 4%, respectively. Overall reproducibility during processing of eight batches of samples (N = 30/batch, including methods blanks) was below 10% for most analytes. Mean recoveries of the C-13-labeled internal standards ranged from 69 to 95% for the seven monitored PBDEs; 76 and 98% were recovered for BB-153 and CB-153, respectively.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Sjodin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM asjodin@cdc.gov
RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010
NR 26
TC 125
Z9 131
U1 1
U2 28
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0003-2700
J9 ANAL CHEM
JI Anal. Chem.
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 76
IS 7
BP 1921
EP 1927
DI 10.1021/ac030381
PG 7
WC Chemistry, Analytical
SC Chemistry
GA 809DW
UT WOS:000220618400025
PM 15053652
ER

PT J
AU Brewer, NT
   Weinstein, ND
   Cuite, CL
   Herrington, JE
AF Brewer, NT
   Weinstein, ND
   Cuite, CL
   Herrington, JE
TI Risk perceptions and their relation to risk behavior
SO ANNALS OF BEHAVIORAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Conference of the Society-for-Behavioral-Medicine
CY 2001
CL Washington, DC
SP Soc Behavioral Med
AB Background: Because risk perceptions can affect protective behavior and protective behavior can affect risk perceptions, the relations between these 2 constructs are complex and incorrect tests often lead to invalid conclusions. Purpose: To discuss and carry out appropriate tests of 3 easily confused hypotheses: (a) the behavior motivation hypothesis (perceptions of personal risk cause people to take protective action), (b) the risk reappraisal hypothesis (when people take actions thought to be effective, they lower their risk perceptions), and (c) the accuracy hypothesis (risk perceptions accurately reflect risk behavior). Methods: Longitudinal study with an initial interview just after the Lyme disease vaccine was made publicly available and a follow-up interview 18 months later Random sample of adult homeowners (N = 745) in 3 northeastern U.S. counties with high Lyme disease incidence. Lyme disease vaccination behavior and risk perception were assessed. Results: All 3 hypotheses were supported. Participants with higher initial risk perceptions were much more likely than those with lower risk perceptions to get vaccinated against Lyme disease (OR = 5.81, 95% CI 2.63-12.82, p < .001). Being vaccinated led to a reduction in risk perceptions, chi(2)(1, N = 745) = 30.90, p < . 001, and people vaccinated correctly believed that their risk of future infection was lower than that of people not vaccinated (OR = .44, 95% CI .21-91, p < .05). Conclusions: The behavior motivation hypothesis was supported in this longitudinal study, but the opposite conclusion (i.e., that higher risk led to less protective behavior) would have been drawn from an incorrect test based only on cross-sectional data. Health researchers should take care informulating and testing risk-perception-behavior hypotheses.
C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Brewer, NT (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Psychol, 152 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA.
EM brewer@aesop.rutgers.edu
RI Brewer, Noel/C-4375-2008
NR 11
TC 232
Z9 238
U1 5
U2 40
PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC
PI MAHWAH
PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA
SN 0883-6612
J9 ANN BEHAV MED
JI Ann. Behav. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 27
IS 2
BP 125
EP 130
DI 10.1207/s15324796abm2702_7
PG 6
WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Psychology
GA 803HJ
UT WOS:000220221900007
PM 15026296
ER

PT J
AU Mzayek, F
   Sherwin, R
   Fonseca, V
   Valdez, R
   Srinivasan, SR
   Cruickshank, JK
   Berenson, GS
AF Mzayek, F
   Sherwin, R
   Fonseca, V
   Valdez, R
   Srinivasan, SR
   Cruickshank, JK
   Berenson, GS
TI Differential association of birth weight with cardiovascular risk
   variables in African-Americans and whites: The Bogalusa Heart Study
SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE birth weight; BMI; cholesterol; ethnic; insulin resistance; risk factors
ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; CATCH-UP GROWTH; AGE 7-11 YEARS;
   BLOOD-PRESSURE; FETAL ORIGINS; ADULT LIFE; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; INDIAN
   CHILDREN; BIRACIAL SAMPLE; DISEASE
AB PURPOSE: To study the relationship between low birth weight and the subsequent development of cardiovascular risk factors and to compare this relationship between African-Americans and whites at 7 to 21 years of age.
   METHODS: The relationship of birth weight with cardiovascular risk factors, namely, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), BMI, HDL, LDL, triglycerides, and HOMA insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was examined retrospectively using information on 1155 participants (730 whites and 425 African-Americans) from two cohorts of the Bogalusa Heart Study.
   RESULTS: Participants with lower birth weight had higher systolic BP, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, and LDL. The association of birth weight with LDL, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR was stronger in African-Americans, while the association with systolic BP was stronger in whites. Subjects with birth weight < 2500 g were at increased risk of having values of HOMA-IR and LDL in the upper quartile of the observed range compared with those with birth weight >2500 g.
   CONCLUSIONS: These results Support a relationship between low birth weight and the later development of important cardiovascular risk factors in young African-Americans and white individuals. This relationship tends to be stronger in African-Americans than in whites, except for systolic blood pressure. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Tulane Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.
   Tulane Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Epidemiol, Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.
   Tulane Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.
   CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Manchester, Sch Med, Clin Epidemiol Grp, Manchester, Lancs, England.
RP Fonseca, V (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, Tulane Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, 1439 Tulane Ave SL-53, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.
EM vfonseca@tulane.edu
FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL38844]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD32194]
NR 43
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 3
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1047-2797
J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL
JI Ann. Epidemiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 14
IS 4
BP 258
EP 264
DI 10.1016/j.annepidem.2003.09.014
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 813BM
UT WOS:000220882600004
PM 15066605
ER

PT J
AU Evans, MR
   Swaminathan, B
   Graves, LM
   Altermann, E
   Klaenhammer, TR
   Fink, RC
   Kernodle, S
   Kathariou, S
AF Evans, MR
   Swaminathan, B
   Graves, LM
   Altermann, E
   Klaenhammer, TR
   Fink, RC
   Kernodle, S
   Kathariou, S
TI Genetic markers unique to Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b
   differentiate epidemic clone II (hot dog outbreak strains) from other
   lineages
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID TEICHOIC-ACID GLYCOSYLATION; ACTIN-BASED MOVEMENT; SURFACE-ANTIGENS;
   ENTRY; 4B; RESTRICTION; ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; INTERNALIN;
   PATHOGEN
AB A small number of closely related strains of Listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b, designated epidemic clone I (ECI), have been implicated in numerous outbreaks of food-borne listeriosis described during the past two decades in Europe and North America. In 1998 to 1999, a multistate outbreak traced to contaminated hot dogs involved a different strain type or serotype 4b, with genetic fingerprints rarely encountered before. In spite of the profound economic and public health impact of this outbreak, the implicated bacteria (designated epidemic clone II [ECII]) have remained poorly characterized genetically, and nucleotide sequences specific for these strains have not been reported. Using genome sequence information, PCR, and Southern blots, we identified DNA fragments which appeared to be either absent or markedly divergent in the hot dog outbreak strains but conserved among other serotype 4b strains. PCR with primers derived from these fragments as well as Southern blots with the amplicons as probes readily differentiated ECII from other serotype 4b strains. The serotype 4b-specific region harboring these fragments was adjacent to inlA, which encodes a well-characterized virulence determinant. The findings suggest that ECII strains have undergone divergence in portions of a serotype-specific region that is conserved in other serotype 4b strains. Although the mechanisms that drive this divergence remain to be identified, DNA-based tools from this region can facilitate the detection and further characterization of strains belonging to this lineage.
C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Kathariou, S (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Campus Box 7624, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.
EM skathar@unity.ncsu.edu
RI Fink, Ryan/B-8097-2008; Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; 
OI Fink, Ryan/0000-0002-9827-5090; Altermann, Eric/0000-0003-1376-1549
NR 29
TC 51
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 4
BP 2383
EP 2390
DI 10.1128/AEM.70.4.2383-2390.2004
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 811SS
UT WOS:000220792200059
PM 15066835
ER

PT J
AU Baker, SE
   Olsson, AO
   Barr, DB
AF Baker, SE
   Olsson, AO
   Barr, DB
TI Isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass
   Spectrometry method for quantifying urinary metabolites of synthetic
   pyrethroid insecticides
SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN DOSE-EXCRETION; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CYPERMETHRIN; PESTICIDES;
   POPULATION; EXPOSURE; RATS
AB This paper describes a method for measuring cis- and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-l-carboxy- lic acids (cis-DCCA and trans-DCCA), cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)2,2-dimetbylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (DBCA), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4F3PBA) in human urine. These compounds are considered to be reliable biomarkers of exposure for many pyrethroid insecticides used in the United States. In this method, stable isotopically labeled analogues of trans-DCCA and 3PBA were spiked into urine as internal standards. After solid-phase extraction, the extracts were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry using turbo ion-spray atmospheric pressure ionization. The limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 mug/L. Within-day relative standard deviations ranged from 1.8 to 13% and between-day relative standard deviations ranged from 0.5 to 18%. Absolute analyte recoveries ranged from 72 to 93%. Chromatographic retention times were less than 8 min. This method was used to measure urinary concentrations of these metabolites in persons with no known exposure to pyrethroids and some with suspected residential exposure. Metabolites of synthetic pyrethroids were detected in 74% of the samples analyzed. cis-DCCA, trans-DCCA, DBCA, 4F3PBA, and 3PBA were detected in 36, 50, 3, 9, and 64% of the samples analyzed, respectively.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Barr, DB (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM dbarr@cdc.gov
RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013
NR 26
TC 51
Z9 55
U1 2
U2 15
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0090-4341
J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX
JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 46
IS 3
BP 281
EP 288
DI 10.1007/s00244-003-3044-3
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology
GA 801OK
UT WOS:000220105000001
PM 15195798
ER

PT J
AU Jung, SM
   Schelper, RL
   Visvesvara, GS
   Chang, HT
AF Jung, SM
   Schelper, RL
   Visvesvara, GS
   Chang, HT
TI Balamuthia mandrillaris meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent
   patient - An unusual clinical course and a favorable outcome
SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Neuropathologists
CY JUN 19-21, 2003
CL Orlando, FL
SP Amer Assoc Neuropathologists
ID AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; AGENT
AB Balamuthia mandrillaris meningoencephalitis is a rare but often fatal infection; only 2 survivors have been reported to date worldwide. We report the case of an apparently immunocompetent patient (72-year-old woman) who developed several episodes of seizures without prior history of respiratory or skin infections. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast revealed 2 ring-enhancing lesions, one in the right precentral region and the other in the left posterotemporal region. Open biopsy revealed Balamuthia encephalitis. The patient was treated with combination antibiotics (pentamidine, 300 mg intravenously once a day; sulfadiazine, 1.5 g 4 times a day; fluconazole, 400 mg once a day; and clarithromycin, 500 mg 3 times a day) and was discharged home. There have been no significant neurological sequelae at this writing (6 months after biopsy). We present this case with unusual clinical course to raise awareness of this infectious disease, which may have a more favorable outcome if diagnosed and treated in its early states.
C1 SUNY Upstate Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Chang, HT (reprint author), SUNY Upstate Med Sch, Dept Pathol, 750 E Adams St, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA.
EM changh@upstate.edu
NR 15
TC 50
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 1
PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS
PI NORTHFIELD
PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA
SN 0003-9985
J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED
JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 128
IS 4
BP 466
EP +
PG 4
WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental;
   Pathology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine;
   Pathology
GA 809CL
UT WOS:000220614700020
PM 15043486
ER

PT J
AU Kirschke, DL
   Jones, TF
   Smith, NM
   Schaffner, W
AF Kirschke, DL
   Jones, TF
   Smith, NM
   Schaffner, W
TI Photokeratitis and UV-radiation burns associated with damaged metal
   halide lamps
SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT; EXPOSURE; KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; CONJUNCTIVITIS;
   ERYTHEMA
AB Background: Damaged metal halide lamps are known to cause outbreaks of photokeratitis and UV-radiation burns among children and adults, which has prompted the Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Md, to publish consumer recommendations to prevent such injuries. We investigated 3 outbreaks of photokeratitis and UV-radiation burns in gymnasiums associated with failure to heed these recommendations.
   Objective: To determine the cause of the outbreaks and promote interventions to prevent further injuries.
   Design and Setting: A cohort study of persons exposed to damaged metal halide lamps during the index outbreak in a community gymnasium and a descriptive epidemiologic study of 2 subsequently identified outbreaks in other gymnasiums.
   Participants: A total of 273 persons potentially exposed during events in 3 gymnasiums.
   Main Outcome Measure: Photokeratitis with onset within 12 hours of the event. The intensity of UV radiation was measured, and an occupational exposure standard applied.
   Results: Investigation of the index outbreak identified 18 (approximately 3%) persons who met our case definition for photokeratitis. The median incubation period was 7 hours, and health care visits were reported by 11 persons (61%). of the 18 patients, 17 (94%) were seated in the back of the gymnasium. Among 37 persons sitting in this high-risk area, the attack rate was 46%. Only 1 (9%) of 11 persons wearing glasses or contact lenses with UV-radiation protection in the high-risk area developed photokeratitis (relative risk, 0.15; P = .01). The safe occupational exposure limit in the high-risk area was 10 to 15 minutes, but exposures of 1 to 3 hours were reported. Prevention recommendations had not been instituted at any of the 3 facilities.
   Conclusions: Injuries from metal halide lamps are avoidable, but prevention recommendations may not be widely observed. All facilities using metal halide lamps in areas where children may be exposed should follow the Food and Drug Administration recommendations; amending the National Electric Code may be warranted.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
RP Kirschke, DL (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, NE Tennessee Reg Hlth Off, 1233 SW Ave Extens, Johnson City, TN 37604 USA.
EM david.kirschke@state.tn.us
NR 18
TC 5
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 1072-4710
J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED
JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 158
IS 4
BP 372
EP 376
DI 10.1001/archpedi.158.4.372
PG 5
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 810DJ
UT WOS:000220684700015
PM 15066878
ER

PT J
AU van Griensven, F
   Kilmarx, PH
   Jeeyapant, S
   Manopaiboon, C
   Korattana, S
   Jenkins, RA
   Uthaivoravit, W
   Limpakarnjanarat, K
   Mastro, TD
AF van Griensven, F
   Kilmarx, PH
   Jeeyapant, S
   Manopaiboon, C
   Korattana, S
   Jenkins, RA
   Uthaivoravit, W
   Limpakarnjanarat, K
   Mastro, TD
TI The prevalence of bisexual and homosexual orientation and related health
   risks among adolescents in northern Thailand
SO ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Article
DE Thailand; youth; homosexuality; bisexuality; sexual orientation; health
   risk
ID CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE; HIV-INFECTION; DRUG-USE; YOUNG MEN; BEHAVIOR;
   GAY; TRIAL; YOUTH
AB Homo- or bisexual (HB) adolescents may have greater and different health risks than the population of heterosexual adolescents. We assessed sexual orientation and health risk behaviors in 1,725 consenting 15- to 21-year-old vocational school students in northern Thailand. Data were collected using audio-computer-assisted self-interviewing. Nine percent of males and 11.2% of females identified themselves as homo- or bisexual. HB males had an earlier mean age at sexual debut (14.7 years) and a higher mean number of lifetime sexual partners (7.9) than did heterosexual males (16.8 years and 5.8 partners, respectively). HB males (25.9%) and females (32.2%) were sexually coerced more often than were heterosexual males (4.6%) and females (19.6%). Drug use was reported significantly more frequently by HB females and significantly less frequently by HB males than by their heterosexual counterparts. HB males showed more signs of social isolation and depression than did heterosexual males. We conclude that HB adolescents in northern Thailand are at greater and different health risks than are their heterosexual counterparts. Differential health education messages for HB and heterosexual youth are warranted.
C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Chiang Rai Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand.
RP van Griensven, F (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand.
EM fav1@cdc.gov
RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013
OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843
NR 37
TC 34
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 6
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0004-0002
J9 ARCH SEX BEHAV
JI Arch. Sex. Behav.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 33
IS 2
BP 137
EP 147
DI 10.1023/B:ASEB.0000014328.49070.8c
PG 11
WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary
SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics
GA 770EF
UT WOS:000188709700008
PM 15146146
ER

PT J
AU Ford, ES
AF Ford, ES
TI The metabolic syndrome and mortality from cardiovascular disease and
   all-causes: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination
   Survey II Mortality Study
SO ATHEROSCLEROSIS
LA English
DT Article
DE cerebrovascular accident; coronary disease; mortality; metabolic
   syndrome X; prospective studies
ID DIABETES-MELLITUS; HEART-DISEASE; RISK; CHOLESTEROL; DEFINITIONS;
   COMPONENTS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; EVENTS
AB The prospective associations between the metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP/ATP III) expert panel and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all-causes has not been extensively examined. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey II Mortality Study (1976-1992), the author examined the association between the metabolic syndrome and mortality from all-causes and cardiovascular disease among 2431 US adults aged 30-75 years. The NCEP/ATP III criteria were modified to substitute body mass index greater than or equal to25 kg/m(2) for waist circumference for women and greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2) for men. After multiple-adjustment, the hazard ratios for participants with the metabolic syndrome were 1.37 (95% confidence interval (Cl): 1.02, 1.85) for mortality from cardiovascular disease, 1.29 (95% Cl: 0.92, 1.82) for mortality from coronary heart disease, 1.68 (95% Cl: 0.86, 3.27) for mortality from stroke, 1.23 (95% Cl: 0.95, 1.59) for mortality from diseases of the circulatory system, and 1.15 (95% Cl: 0.92, 1.45) for all-cause mortality compared with participants without the syndrome. The association between the number of metabolic syndrome criteria and mortality from cardiovascular disease was near linear (P = 0.007). Three criteria of the syndrome-excess weight, hypertriglyceridemia, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration-were not independently associated with any of the outcomes. Additional prospective studies are needed to examine the association between the metabolic syndrome and the incidence of cardiovascular disease and mortality from cardiovascular disease and all-causes. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM eford@cdc.gov
NR 25
TC 266
Z9 281
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0021-9150
J9 ATHEROSCLEROSIS
JI Atherosclerosis
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 173
IS 2
BP 309
EP 314
DI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2003.12.022
PG 6
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 825KL
UT WOS:000221755700019
PM 15064107
ER

PT J
AU Jackson, LW
   Correa-Villasenor, A
   Lees, PSJ
   Dominici, F
   Stewart, PA
   Breysse, PN
   Matanoski, G
AF Jackson, LW
   Correa-Villasenor, A
   Lees, PSJ
   Dominici, F
   Stewart, PA
   Breysse, PN
   Matanoski, G
TI Parental lead exposure and total anomalous pulmonary venous return
SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE congenital heart defects; lead; occupational exposure
ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES;
   SPONTANEOUS-ABORTION; SEMEN QUALITY; MALE-FERTILITY; SPERM COUNT; MEN;
   WORKERS; RISK
AB Investigators from the Baltimore-Washington Infant Study (BWIS) reported an association between self-reported maternal lead exposure and total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) in their offspring. This association was further evaluated in the BWIS population using a more sensitive exposure estimate. METHODS: Cases included 54 live-born infants with TAPVR; controls were a stratified random sample of 522 live-born infants from the BWIS control group. Parental lead exposure was based on three assessment methods, including: an industrial hygiene assessment, an a priori job exposure matrix, and self-reported exposures. A parent was classified as exposed to lead if he/she was classified as exposed by any one of the assessment methods. RESULTS: Approximately 17% of case mothers and 11% of control mothers were classified as exposed to lead during the three months prior to conception through the first trimester (odds ratio [OR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64-3.47). Among fathers, 61% of case fathers and 46% of control fathers were classified as exposed to lead during the six months prior to conception (paternal critical period) (OR, 1.83; 95% Cl, 1.00-3.42). During the paternal critical period, when only the father was exposed compared to neither parent exposed, the OR for any lead exposure and TAPVR was 1.65 (95% Cl, 0.84-3.25). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports a possible association between paternal lead exposure and TAPVR. Further studies are warranted using validated assessment methods for occupational and nonoccupational lead exposures to corroborate this association and to elucidate the possible biological mechanism. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
   CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD USA.
   NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Occupat & Environm Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD USA.
   Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Jackson, LW (reprint author), NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, 6100 Executive Blvd,Room 7B03, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
EM jacksole@mail.nih.gov
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R29-ES06218]
NR 54
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 1
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1542-0752
J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A
JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 4
BP 185
EP 193
DI 10.1002/bdra.20014
PG 9
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA 817JZ
UT WOS:000221175100005
PM 15108245
ER

PT J
AU Stone, KM
   Reiff-Eldridge, R
   White, AD
   Cordero, JF
   Brown, Z
   Alexander, ER
   Andrews, EB
AF Stone, KM
   Reiff-Eldridge, R
   White, AD
   Cordero, JF
   Brown, Z
   Alexander, ER
   Andrews, EB
TI Pregnancy outcomes following systemic prenatal acyclovir exposure:
   Conclusions from the International Acyclovir Pregnancy Registry,
   1984-1999
SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE genital herpes; HSV; pregnancy; acyclovir treatment
ID HERPES-SIMPLEX-VIRUS; HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC-STENOSIS; GENITAL HERPES;
   CESAREAN DELIVERY; INFECTIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; SUPPRESSION;
   EPISODE
AB Oral acyclovir is commonly used for genital herpes and other herpesvirus infections. Data on potential fetal risk are extremely limited. From 1984 to 1998, the Acyclovir in Pregnancy Registry monitored birth outcomes of women exposed to oral or intravenous acyclovir during pregnancy. This report describes the final results. METHODS: The registry was publicized to health care providers most likely to diagnose pregnancy; providers called the registry telephone number, then mailed in a brief questionnaire. Pregnancy outcomes were categorized either as outcomes with birth defects or outcomes without birth defects, subcategorized as live births, spontaneous pregnancy losses (including stillbirths), and induced abortions. Birth defects were defined using a modification of the CDC definition for birth defects surveillance systems. Observed rates were compared to the rate (3.2%) of birth defects expected in the general population. RESULTS: Between June 1, 1984 and June 30, 1998, 1695 pregnancies exposed to oral or IV acyclovir were registered; 461 (27%) were lost to follow-up. A total of 1234 pregnancies in 24 countries were followed, with a total of 1246 outcomes. Among 1246 pregnancy outcomes, 756 involved acyclovir exposure in the first trimester, 197 in the second trimester, and 291 in the third trimester. Among live births with first trimester acyclovir exposure, risk of birth defects was 19 of 596 (3.2%; 95% Cl, 2.0-5.0%). No unusual defects or pattern of defects were apparent. CONCLUSIONS: The observed rates and types of birth defects for pregnancies exposed to acyclovir did not differ significantly from those in the general population. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   GlaxoSmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
   CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Washington, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Seattle, WA USA.
   Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Stone, KM (reprint author), CDCP, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM kstone@cdc.gov
NR 34
TC 74
Z9 78
U1 1
U2 7
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1542-0752
J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A
JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 4
BP 201
EP 207
DI 10.1002/bdra.20013
PG 7
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA 817JZ
UT WOS:000221175100007
PM 15108247
ER

PT J
AU Soucie, JM
   Cianfrini, C
   Janco, RL
   Kulkarni, F
   Hambleton, J
   Evatt, B
   Forsyth, A
   Geraghty, S
   Hoots, K
   Abshire, T
   Curtis, R
   Forsberg, A
   Huszti, H
   Wagner, M
   White, GC
AF Soucie, JM
   Cianfrini, C
   Janco, RL
   Kulkarni, F
   Hambleton, J
   Evatt, B
   Forsyth, A
   Geraghty, S
   Hoots, K
   Abshire, T
   Curtis, R
   Forsberg, A
   Huszti, H
   Wagner, M
   White, GC
TI Joint range-of-motion limitations among young males with hemophilia:
   prevalence and risk factors
SO BLOOD
LA English
DT Article
ID V-LEIDEN MUTATION; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; GENE
AB Chronic joint disease from repeated bleeding into joints is a serious complication of hemophilia. To measure the extent of and to identify risk factors for deviations from normal In joint range of motion (ROM), we used cross-sectional data collected from 4343 males with hemophilia aged 2 to 19 years who received care at 136 US hemophilia treatment centers (HTCs). Factors examined included age, race/ethnicity, family history, insurance status, age at diagnosis and first HTC visit, frequency of HTC visits, hemophilia type, bleeding frequency, prophylaxis use, inhibitor status, body mass index (BMI), and recent orthopedic procedures. Trained personnel using a standard protocol obtained ROM measurements on 10 joints (hips, knees, shoulders, elbows, and ankles). Analyses used multiple linear regression to model overall ROM limitation separately by disease severity. For persons in all severity groups, joint ROM limitation was positively associated with older age, nonwhite race, and increased BMI. For those with severe disease, ROM limitation was also positively associated with number of bleeds and was greater for those with inhibitors or recent orthopedic procedures. We conclude that ROM limitations begin at an early age, especially for those with severe and moderate disease, and that BMI is an important, potentially modifiable risk factor. (C) 2004 by The American Society of Hematology.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
   Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
   Univ Penn, Presbyterian Med Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Mt States Reg Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Aurora, CO USA.
   Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA USA.
   Umass Mem Hlth Care, Worcester, MA USA.
   Childrens Hosp Orange Cty, Orange, CA 92668 USA.
   Christiana Care Hlth Syst, Newark, DE USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Soucie, JM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM msoucie@cdc.gov
NR 22
TC 128
Z9 135
U1 1
U2 4
PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0006-4971
J9 BLOOD
JI Blood
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 103
IS 7
BP 2467
EP 2473
DI 10.1182/blood-2003-05-1457
PG 7
WC Hematology
SC Hematology
GA 830ZR
UT WOS:000222163200014
PM 14615381
ER

PT J
AU Hamir, AN
   Stasko, J
   Rupprecht, CE
AF Hamir, AN
   Stasko, J
   Rupprecht, CE
TI Observation of Helicobacter-like organisms in gastric mucosa of grey
   foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and bobcats (Lynx rufus)
SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY RESEARCH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE RECHERCHE
   VETERINAIRE
LA English
DT Article
ID PYLORI; BACTERIA
AB Archival specimens of gastric mucosa of 10 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 9 porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum), 6 grey foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), 6 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 4 skunks (Mephitis mephitis), and 3 black bears (Ursus americanus) were microscopically examined for evidence of Helicobacter-like organisms. Such organisms were seen in the specimens from the grey foxes and bobcats only. Histochemical stains (modified Steiner and carbol fuchsin methods) revealed long spiral organisms within lumina of gastric glands; however, neither gross nor microscopic lesions were observed. By electron microscopy (EM), the organisms were found to be free in the glandular lumina and were seen occasionally in the cytoplasm of gastric epithelial cells. Morphologically, 2 different phenotypes of spiral organisms were identified by EM. The organisms associated with bobcats appeared to be more tightly coiled than those seen in grey foxes. The presence of Helicobacter-like organisms in the gastric mucosa of grey foxes has not previously been described.
C1 USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Hamir, AN (reprint author), USDA, Agr Res Serv, Natl Anim Dis Ctr, 2300 Dayton Rd,POB 70, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
EM ahamir@nadc.ars.usda.gov
NR 11
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 1
PU CANADIAN VET MED ASSOC
PI OTTAWA
PA 339 BOOTH ST ATTN: KIMBERLY ALLEN-MCGILL, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1R 7K1,
   CANADA
SN 0830-9000
J9 CAN J VET RES
JI Can. J. Vet. Res.-Rev. Can. Rech. Vet.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 68
IS 2
BP 154
EP 156
PG 3
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 819UK
UT WOS:000221341200013
PM 15188962
ER

PT J
AU Young, JL
   Ward, KC
   Wingo, PA
   Howe, HL
AF Young, JL
   Ward, KC
   Wingo, PA
   Howe, HL
TI The incidence of malignant non-carcinomas of the female breast
SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE breast cancer; incidence; non-carcinomas
ID CYSTOSARCOMA-PHYLLODES; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB Objective: Demographic and tumor characteristics of all malignant non-carcinomas of the breast, including the lymphomas and myelomas, are the focus of this investigation.
   Methods: Twenty-six US population-based registries identified 363,801 newly diagnosed malignant breast cancers among women during the time period 1994 - 1998. Of these, 4625 (1.3%) were reported simply as cancer, NOS; 357,775 (98.3%) were of epithelial origin ( carcinomas or adenocarcinomas); and the remaining 1401 (0.4%) were non-epithelial in origin. All but nine of the non-epithelial breast cancers were some form of soft tissue sarcoma.
   Results: The most common non-epithelial cancer was malignant phyllodes tumor, which accounted for 61% of these diagnoses. In addition to the 363,801 malignant cancers classified to the breast, another 613 tumors arose in the breast but were classified as myelomas or lymphomas; two as solitary myelomas, two as Hodgkin lymphoma and the remaining 609 as non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
   Principal conclusions: The median age of females with a non-epithelial cancer ( 53) was 10 years younger than that of women with an epithelial cancer. The age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 females was 0.51 for non-epithelial cancers compared to 127.05 for epithelial cancers. Adding the myelomas and lymphomas, which are traditionally included with the hematopoietic cancers, to the incidence rates for breast cancer would increase the rate by less than 0.2 per 100,000.
C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Canc Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
   N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries, Springfield, IL USA.
RP Young, JL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1462 Clifton Rd NE,Room 504, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
EM jlyoung@sph.emory.edu
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U75/CCU51598]
NR 9
TC 12
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0957-5243
J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL
JI Cancer Causes Control
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 15
IS 3
BP 313
EP 319
PG 7
WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 812WC
UT WOS:000220868600010
PM 15090726
ER

PT J
AU Wingo, PA
   Jamison, PM
   Young, JL
   Gargiullo, P
AF Wingo, PA
   Jamison, PM
   Young, JL
   Gargiullo, P
TI Population-based statistics for women diagnosed with in inflammatory
   breast cancer (United States)
SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE breast cancer; incidence; inflammatory
ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; EXPERIENCE; CARCINOMA;
   PROGRAM
AB Objective: The purpose of this study was to use population-based information to describe the demographic and tumor characteristics of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) - the most aggressive form of this disease.
   Methods: IBC cases diagnosed during 1994 through 1998 were reported to 26 population-based cancer registries covering approximately 40% of the US population. Rates were expressed per 100,000 female population and age-adjusted to the 2000 US population. Ninety-five percent gamma confidence limits were estimated for the rates.
   Results: Among the 3626 women diagnosed with IBC during 1994 - 1998, the majority were 40 - 59 years old. Most tumors were diagnosed at a regional (68.9%) or distant (25.3%) stage and were poorly differentiated (49.4%). The rate of IBC was 1.3 per 100,000 for all races combined. Black women had the highest risk (1.6) and Asian and Pacific Islander women the lowest (0.7).
   Conclusions: IBC is an extremely rare form of breast cancer. More precise diagnostic criteria are needed to distinguish it from less aggressive forms of the disease. Future studies should use a population-based design and collect detailed clinical information, including the presence of erythema, edema or peau d'orange appearance of the skin, and other clinical signs of disease.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Natl Immunizat Program, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Wingo, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K53, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA.
EM pwingo@cdc.gov
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U75/CCU51598]
NR 24
TC 37
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 0
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0957-5243
J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL
JI Cancer Causes Control
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 15
IS 3
BP 321
EP 328
DI 10.1023/B:CACO.0000024222.61114.18
PG 8
WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 812WC
UT WOS:000220868600011
PM 15090727
ER

PT J
AU Bobo, JK
   Shapiro, JA
   Schulman, J
   Wolters, CL
AF Bobo, JK
   Shapiro, JA
   Schulman, J
   Wolters, CL
TI On-schedule mammography rescreening in the National Breast and Cervical
   Cancer Early Detection Program
SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-INCOME WOMEN; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; REPEAT MAMMOGRAPHY;
   UNITED-STATES; PREDICTORS; GUIDELINES; POPULATION; PATTERNS; ACCURACY;
   SAMPLE
AB Objective: The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) provides free cancer screening to many low-income, underinsured women annually but does not routinely collect all data necessary for precise estimation of mammography rescreening rates among enrollees. Materials and Methods: To determine the percentages rescreened and to identify factors that encourage on-schedule rescreening, telephone interview and medical record data were collected from 1685 enrollees in Maryland, New York, Ohio, and Texas at least 30 months after their 1997 index mammogram. Results: Overall, 72.4% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 70.1-74.7] were rescreened within 18 months and 81.5% (95% CI = 79.6-83.5) within 30 months. At 30 months, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for rescreening were higher among Hispanics (OR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.15-3.28), women with a history of breast cancer before the index mammogram (OR = 3.36, 95% CI = 1.07-10.53), and those who had used hormone replacement therapy before their index mammogram (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.30-2.91). The 30-month adjusted ORs were lower for women who reported poor health status (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.42-0.85), did not have a usual source of care (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.40-0.94), did not know if they could have another free mammogram (OR = 0.28, 95% CI = 0.14-0.51), described their index screen as their first mammogram ever (OR for no prior mammograms versus three or more = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.27-0.60), did not recall receiving a rescreening reminder (OR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.25-0.48), or did not think they had been encouraged to rescreen by their provider (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44-0.86). Discussion: Rescreening behavior in this sample of NBCCEDP enrollees was comparable with that observed in other populations. To facilitate routine rescreening among low-income women, ongoing efforts are needed to ensure they receive annual reminders and encouragements from their medical providers and that they know how to obtain the services they need.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Bobo, JK (reprint author), Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, 4500 Sand Point Way NE,Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM boboj@battelle.org
NR 40
TC 45
Z9 46
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA
SN 1055-9965
J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR
JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 13
IS 4
BP 620
EP 630
PG 11
WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 810SQ
UT WOS:000220724400018
PM 15066928
ER

PT J
AU Evans, CD
   LaDow, K
   Schumann, BL
   Savage, RE
   Caruso, J
   Vonderheide, A
   Succop, P
   Talaska, G
AF Evans, CD
   LaDow, K
   Schumann, BL
   Savage, RE
   Caruso, J
   Vonderheide, A
   Succop, P
   Talaska, G
TI Effect of arsenic on benzo[a]pyrene DNA adduct levels in mouse skin and
   lung
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID SODIUM ARSENITE; DRINKING-WATER; SMELTER WORKERS; COPPER SMELTER;
   CANCER; EXPOSURE; CELLS; SMOKING; BENZO<A>PYRENE; CARCINOGENICITY
AB Concomitant exposures to arsenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are widespread. While BaP acts by binding to and inducing mutations in critical sites on DNA, the mechanism(s) of arsenic carcinogenesis remains unknown. Data from epidemiological studies of arsenic copper smelter workers and arsenic ingestion in drinking water suggest a positive interaction for arsenic exposure and smoking and lung cancer. A previous in vitro study showed that arsenic potentiated the formation of DNA adducts at low doses of BaP and arsenic. The present study was conducted to test the effect of arsenic on BaP-DNA adduct formation in vivo. We hypothesized that arsenic co-treatment would significantly increase BaP adduct levels in C57BL/6 mouse target organs: skin and lung. Treatment groups were: five mice, -BaP/-arsenic; five mice, -BaP/+arsenic; 15 mice, +BaP/-arsenic; 15 mice, +BaP/+arsenic. Mice in the appropriate groups were provided sodium arsenite in drinking water (2.1 mg/l), ad libitum, for 13 days (starting 9 days before BaP treatment), and 200 nmol BaP/25 ml acetone (or acetone alone) was applied topically, once per day for 4 days. DNA was extracted from skin and lung and assayed by P-32-postlabeling. Statistical comparisons were made using independent t-tests (unequal variances assumed). BaP-DNA adduct levels in the +BaP groups were significantly higher than -BaP controls. Arsenic co-treatment increased average BaP adduct levels in both lung and skin; the increase was statistically significant in the lung (P = 0.038). BaP adduct levels in the skin of individual animals were positively related to skin arsenic concentrations. These results corroborate our in vitro findings and provide a tentative explanation for arsenic and PAH interactions in lung carcinogenesis.
C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA.
   NIOSH, NIRS, EPHB, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
   Univ Cincinnati, Dept Chem, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA.
RP Talaska, G (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, 3223 Eden Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA.
EM talaskgg@ucmail.uc.edu
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [T42/CCT510420]
NR 35
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 1
U2 2
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 25
IS 4
BP 493
EP 497
DI 10.1093/carcin/bgg199
PG 5
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 807EV
UT WOS:000220485700004
PM 14578163
ER

PT J
AU Feldman, DM
   Baron, SL
   Bernard, BP
   Lushniak, BD
   Banauch, G
   Arcentales, N
   Kelly, KJ
   Prezant, DJ
AF Feldman, DM
   Baron, SL
   Bernard, BP
   Lushniak, BD
   Banauch, G
   Arcentales, N
   Kelly, KJ
   Prezant, DJ
TI Symptoms, respirator use, and pulmonary function changes among New York
   City firefighters responding to the World Trade Center disaster
SO CHEST
LA English
DT Article
DE disaster; firefighters; occupational exposure pulmonary function; World
   Trade Center
ID COLLAPSE; COUGH
AB Context: New York City firefighters responding to the World Trade Center (WTC) disaster on September 11, 2001, were exposed to numerous hazards. A medical screening program was conducted 3 weeks after the disaster on a sample of firefighters.
   Objectives: To determine whether arrival time at the WTC and other exposure variables (including respirator use) were associated with symptoms and changes in pulmonary function (after exposure - before exposure).
   Design: A cross-sectional comparison of firefighters representing the following groups: (1) firefighters who arrived before/during the WTC collapse, (2) firefighters who arrived 1 to 2 days after the collapse, (3) firefighters who arrived 3 to 7 days after the collapse, and (4) unexposed firefighters.
   Setting: Fire Department of New York City (FDNY) Bureau of Health Services on October 1 to 5, 2001.
   Population: A stratified random sample of 362 of 398 recruited working firefighters (91%). Of these, 149 firefighters (41%) were present at the WTC collapse, 142 firefighters (39%) arrived after the collapse but within 48 h, 28 firefighters (8%) arrived 3 to 7 days after the collapse, and 43 firefighters (12%) were unexposed.
   Main outcome measures: New/worsening symptoms involving the eyes, skin, respiratory system, and nose and throat (NT), and changes in spirometry from before to after exposure.
   Results: During the first 2 weeks at the WTC site, 19% of study firefighters reported not using a respirator; 50% reported using a respirator but only rarely. Prevalence ratios (PRs) for skin, eye, respiratory, and NT symptoms showed a dose-response pattern between exposure groups based on time of arrival at the WTC site, with PRs between 2.6 and 11.4 with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) excluding 1.0 for all but skin symptoms. For those spending > 7 days at the site, the PR for respiratory symptoms was 1.32 (95% CI, 1.13 to 1.55), compared with those who were exposed for < 7 days. Mean spirometry results before and after exposure were within normal limits. The change in spirometry findings (after exposure - before exposure) showed near-equal reductions for FVC and FEV1. These reductions were greater than the annual reductions measured in a referent population of incumbent FDNY firefighters prior to September 11 (p less than or equal to 0.05). There was a 60% increased risk of a decline of greater than or equal to 450 mL in FEV1 in those arriving during the first 48 h compared to the referent (p :5 0.05). Conclusions: The symptoms and pulmonary function changes following exposure at the WTC demonstrate the need for improvements in respirators and their use, as well as long-term medical monitoring of rescue workers.
C1 Bur Hlth Serv, New York City Fire Dept, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA.
   Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
   Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Div Pulm, Bronx, NY 10467 USA.
RP Prezant, DJ (reprint author), Bur Hlth Serv, New York City Fire Dept, 9 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA.
EM prezand@fdny.nyc.gov
FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01-OH07350]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U1Q/CCU221158]
NR 8
TC 83
Z9 85
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS
PI NORTHBROOK
PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA
SN 0012-3692
J9 CHEST
JI Chest
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 125
IS 4
BP 1256
EP 1264
DI 10.1378/chest.125.4.1256
PG 9
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 825YB
UT WOS:000221793700016
PM 15078732
ER

PT J
AU Sunenshine, RH
   Liedtke, LA
   Jernigan, DB
   Strausbaugh, LJ
AF Sunenshine, RH
   Liedtke, LA
   Jernigan, DB
   Strausbaugh, LJ
CA Infect Dis Soc Am Emerging Infect
TI Role of infectious diseases consultants in management of antimicrobial
   use in hospitals
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ANTIBIOTIC RESTRICTION; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; EXPENDITURES;
   STRATEGIES; KLEBSIELLA; PHYSICIAN; PREVENT; IMPACT; SPREAD
AB The Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network (EIN) surveyed its members to characterize antimicrobial restriction policies in their hospitals and the involvement of infectious diseases consultants in this process. Of the 502 respondents (73%), 250 (50%) indicated that their hospital pharmacies would not dispense certain antimicrobials without approval of infectious diseases consultants. Moreover, 89% agreed that infectious diseases consultants need to be directly involved in the approval process. At hospitals with control policies, commonly restricted agents included lipid formulations of amphotericin B, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, piperacillin-tazobactam, and vancomycin. Only 46 EIN members (18%) reported remuneration of infectious diseases consultants for participation in the approval process. Pediatric infectious diseases consultants were more likely to practice in hospitals with restriction policies than were adult infectious diseases consultants (64% vs. 45%; P<.001). Similarly, teaching hospitals were more likely to have antimicrobial-control policies than were nonteaching facilities ( 60% vs. 17%; P<.001).
C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Portland, OR USA.
   Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Med, Portland, OR USA.
   Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Hosp & Specialty Med, Res Serv, Portland, OR USA.
   Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Hosp & Specialty Med, Infect Dis Sect, Portland, OR USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Strausbaugh, LJ (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Div Hosp & Specialty Med P3ID, POB 1034, Portland, OR 97207 USA.
EM strausba@ohsu.edu
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU112346]
NR 22
TC 42
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 7
BP 934
EP 938
DI 10.1086/382358
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 805AF
UT WOS:000220338500007
PM 15034823
ER

PT J
AU Igietseme, JU
   Eko, FO
   He, Q
   Bandea, C
   Black, CM
AF Igietseme, JU
   Eko, FO
   He, Q
   Bandea, C
   Black, CM
TI Developing effective delivery systems for Chlamydia vaccines
SO CURRENT OPINION IN MOLECULAR THERAPEUTICS
LA English
DT Review
DE adjuvants; Chlamydia; delivery systems; immunity; immunomodulation;
   vaccine; vectors
ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; PELVIC-INFLAMMATORY-DISEASE; PROTECTIVE
   IMMUNE-RESPONSE; GENITAL-TRACT SECRETIONS; NASAL LYMPHOID-TISSUE;
   DENDRITIC CELLS; INTRANASAL IMMUNIZATION; TRACHOMATIS INFECTIONS;
   T-CELLS; LYMPHOGRANULOMA-VENEREUM
AB Members of the genus Chlamydia cause a plethora of ocular, genital and respiratory diseases, with severe complications, such as blinding trachoma, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy and tubal factor infertility, interstitial pneumonia, and chronic diseases that may include atherosclerosis, multiple sclerosis, adult-onset asthma and Alzheimer's disease. The current medical opinion is that an effective prophylactic vaccine would constitute the best approach to protect the human population from the most severe consequences of these infections. There are three essential and mutually inclusive areas of challenge confronting researchers developing Chlamydia vaccines. These are to define the elements of protective immunity and the basis of vaccine evaluation, the judicious selection of an immunogenic and safe antigen(s) to form the basis of a subunit vaccine, and to develop effective delivery systems that boost the immune response to achieve long-lasting protective immunity. The development of delivery vehicles and adjuvants to boost protective long-term immunity against chlamydiae currently poses the greatest challenge in vaccine research. However, enormous progress is being made in the construction of novel delivery systems, such as DNA and plasmid expression systems, viral vectors, and living and non-living bacterial delivery systems, and the use of chemical adjuvants. In addition, there is increasing effort being made in designing delivery strategies involving specific immunomodulatory procedures that modify the cytokine and chemokine environment, upregulate co-stimulatory molecules and target vaccines to specific mucosal sites. These efforts will likely culminate in an efficacious chlamydial vaccine in the near future.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA.
RP Igietseme, JU (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM jigietseme@cdc.gov
FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR03034]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41231]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM08248]
NR 147
TC 4
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 3
PU CURRENT DRUGS LTD
PI LONDON
PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1P 6LB, ENGLAND
SN 1464-8431
J9 CURR OPIN MOL THER
JI Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 6
IS 2
BP 182
EP 194
PG 13
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 838UA
UT WOS:000222737600011
PM 15195931
ER

PT J
AU Yang, J
   Hooper, WC
   Phillips, DJ
   Talkington, DF
AF Yang, J
   Hooper, WC
   Phillips, DJ
   Talkington, DF
TI Cytokines in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections
SO CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
LA English
DT Review
DE Mycoplasma pneumoniae; mycoplasma; cytokines; pathogenesis
ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; BLOOD
   MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; GAMMA-INTERFERON; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION;
   MURINE MODEL; BRONCHIAL HYPERRESPONSIVENESS; PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES;
   INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
AB Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) is one of the smallest free-living bacteria known. Along with other unique characteristics of this genus, it lacks the typical peptidoglycan cell wall of most eubacteria. Best known for causing tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia in humans, this pathogen also causes a number of extrapulmonary syndromes such as meningitis/encephalitis and arthritis. Recent studies also suggest that infection may be associated with chronic conditions such as asthma. Although the mechanisms of M. pneumoniae pathogenesis remain to be elucidated, one important component of M. pneumoniae infections is the induction of proinflammatory and other cytokines in both acute and chronic conditions. In this review, we survey the induction of cytokines by M. pneumoniae in different model systems, and we discuss the possible role of induced cytokines in M. pneumoniae pathogenesis. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Pathophysiol, Hangzhou 310031, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth, Hangzhou 310031, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   Zhejiang Univ, Sch Med, Proteom Res Ctr, Hangzhou 310031, Zhejiang, Peoples R China.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hereditary Blood Disorders, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Talkington, DF (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G03,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM dft1@cdc.gov
NR 132
TC 44
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 9
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6101
J9 CYTOKINE GROWTH F R
JI Cytokine Growth Factor Rev.
PD APR-JUN
PY 2004
VL 15
IS 2-3
BP 157
EP 168
DI 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2004.01.001
PG 12
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology
GA 820JV
UT WOS:000221385900009
PM 15110799
ER

PT J
AU King, RJ
   Campbell-Lendrum, DH
   Davies, CR
AF King, RJ
   Campbell-Lendrum, DH
   Davies, CR
TI Predicting geographic variation in cutaneous leishmaniasis, Colombia
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES; COFFEE PLANTATIONS; KALA-AZAR; BRAZIL; MODELS;
   TRANSMISSION; OPPORTUNITIES; VALIDATION; SYSTEMS; FORESTS
AB Approximately 6,000 cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis are reported annually in Colombia, a greater than twofold increase since the 1980s. Such reports certainly underestimate true incidence, and their geographic distribution is likely biased by local health service effectiveness. We investigated how well freely available environmental data explain the distribution of cases among 1,079 municipalities. For each municipality, a unique predictive logistic regression model was derived from the association among remaining municipalities between elevation, land cover (preclassified maps derived from satellite images), or both, and the odds of at least one case being reported. Land cover had greater predictive power than elevation; using both datasets improved accuracy. Fitting separate models to different ecologic zones, reflecting transmission cycle diversity, enhanced the accuracy of predictions. We derived measures that can be directly related to disease control decisions and show how results can vary, depending on the threshold selected for predicting a disease-positive municipality. The results identify areas where disease is most likely to be underreported.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England.
RP King, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM rjking@cdc.gov
NR 40
TC 33
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 5
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 4
BP 598
EP 607
PG 10
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 808OO
UT WOS:000220578600007
PM 15200848
ER

PT J
AU Herwaldt, BL
   de Bruyn, G
   Pieniazek, NJ
   Homer, M
   Lofy, KH
   Slemenda, SB
   Fritsche, TR
   Persing, DH
   Limaye, AP
AF Herwaldt, BL
   de Bruyn, G
   Pieniazek, NJ
   Homer, M
   Lofy, KH
   Slemenda, SB
   Fritsche, TR
   Persing, DH
   Limaye, AP
TI Babesia divergens-like infection, Washington State
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED BABESIOSIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION;
   EXCHANGE-TRANSFUSION; UNITED-STATES; PIROPLASM; PARASITE; AZITHROMYCIN;
   CALIFORNIA; ATOVAQUONE; ODOCOILEI
AB Most reported U.S. zoonotic cases of babesiosis have occurred in the Northeast and been caused by Babesia microti. In Washington State, three cases of babesiosis have been reported previously, which were caused by WA1 (for "Washington 1 ")-type parasites. We investigated a case of babesiosis in Washington in an 82-year-old man whose spleen had been removed and whose parasitemia level was 41.4%. The complete 18S ribosomal RNA gene of the parasite was amplified from specimens of his whole blood by polymerase chain reaction. Phylogenetic analysis showed the parasite is most closely related, but not identical, to B. divergens (similarity score, 99.5%), a bovine parasite in Europe. By indirect fluorescent-anti body testing, his serum reacted to B. divergens but not to B. microti or WA1 antigens. This case demonstrates that babesiosis can be caused by novel parasites detectable by manual examination of blood smears but not by serologic or molecular testing for B. microti or WA1 -type parasites.
C1 Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Corixa Corp, Seattle, WA USA.
   Washington State Univ, Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA.
RP Limaye, AP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Med Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Box 357110,1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
EM limaye@u.washington.edu
NR 38
TC 51
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 2
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 4
BP 622
EP 629
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 808OO
UT WOS:000220578600010
PM 15200851
ER

PT J
AU Petersen, LR
   Marshall, SL
   Barton-Dickson, C
   Hajjeh, RA
   Lindsley, MD
   Warnock, DW
   Panackal, AA
   Shaffer, JB
   Haddadj, MB
   Fisher, FS
   Dennis, DT
   Morgan, J
AF Petersen, LR
   Marshall, SL
   Barton-Dickson, C
   Hajjeh, RA
   Lindsley, MD
   Warnock, DW
   Panackal, AA
   Shaffer, JB
   Haddadj, MB
   Fisher, FS
   Dennis, DT
   Morgan, J
TI Coccidioidomycosis among workers at an archeological site, northeastern
   Utah
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ENDEMIC COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS; NORTHERN-CALIFORNIA; ARCHEOLOGY STUDENTS;
   OUTBREAK; IMMITIS; EPIDEMIC; COUNTY; STATE; AREA
AB In 2001, an outbreak of acute respiratory disease occurred among persons working at a Native American archeological site at Dinosaur National Monument in northeastern Utah. Epidemiologic and environmental investigations were undertaken to determine the cause of the outbreak. A clinical case was defined by the presence of at least two of the following symptoms: self-reported fever, shortness of breath, or cough. Ten workers met the clinical case definition; 9 had serologic confirmation of coccidioidomycosis, and 8 were hospitalized. All 10 were present during sifting of dirt through screens on June 19; symptoms began 9-12 days later (median 10). Coccidioidomycosis also developed in a worker at the site in September 2001. A serosurvey among 40 other Dinosaur National Monument workers did not find serologic evidence of recent infection. This outbreak documents a new endemic focus of coccidioidomycosis, which extends northward its known geographic distribution in Utah by approximately 200 miles.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   TriCounty Hlth Dept, Vernal, UT USA.
   Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA.
RP Petersen, LR (reprint author), Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
EM LRPetersen@cdc.gov
OI Panackal, Anil/0000-0001-5524-668X
NR 24
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 4
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 4
BP 637
EP 642
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 808OO
UT WOS:000220578600012
PM 15200853
ER

PT J
AU Ayisi, JG
   van Eijk, AM
   Newman, RD
   ter Kuile, FO
   Shi, YP
   Yang, CF
   Kolczak, MS
   Otieno, JA
   Misore, AO
   Kager, PA
   Lal, RB
   Steketee, RW
   Nahlen, BL
AF Ayisi, JG
   van Eijk, AM
   Newman, RD
   ter Kuile, FO
   Shi, YP
   Yang, CF
   Kolczak, MS
   Otieno, JA
   Misore, AO
   Kager, PA
   Lal, RB
   Steketee, RW
   Nahlen, BL
TI Maternal malaria and perinatal HIV transmission, western Kenya
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 49th Annual Epidemic-Intelligence-Service Conference
CY APR 24-28, 2001
CL ATLANTA, GA
SP Epidem Intelligence Serv
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION;
   PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; ASYMPTOMATIC PREGNANT-WOMEN; PLACENTAL
   MALARIA; RISK-FACTORS; INTERVILLOUS BLOOD; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UGANDAN
   ADULTS; INFECTION
AB To determine whether maternal placental malaria is associated with an increased risk for perinatal mother-to-child HIV transmission (MTCT), we studied HIV-positive women in western Kenya. We enrolled 512 mother-infant pairs; 128 (25.0%) women had placental malaria, and 102 (19.9%) infants acquired HIV perinatally. Log(10) HIV viral load and episiotomy or perineal tear were associated with increased perinatal HIV transmission, whereas low-density placental malaria (<10,000 parasites/muL) was associated with reduced risk (adjusted relative risk [ARR] 0.4). Among women dually infected with malaria and HIV, high-density placental malaria (greater than or equal to10,000 parasites/muL) was associated with increased risk for perinatal MTCT (ARR 2.0), compared to low-density malaria. The interaction between placental malaria and MTCT appears to be variable and complex: placental malaria that is controlled at low density may cause an increase in broad-based immune responses that protect against MTCT;, uncontrolled, high-density malaria may simultaneously disrupt placental architecture and generate substantial antigen stimulus to HIV replication and increase risk for MTCT.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya.
   Univ Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
   Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya.
   WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
RP Newman, RD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM ren5@cdc.gov
RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013
NR 48
TC 63
Z9 64
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 4
BP 643
EP 652
PG 10
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 808OO
UT WOS:000220578600013
PM 15200854
ER

PT J
AU Mullins, JA
   Erdman, DD
   Weinberg, GA
   Edwards, K
   Hall, CB
   Walker, FJ
   Iwane, M
   Anderson, LJ
AF Mullins, JA
   Erdman, DD
   Weinberg, GA
   Edwards, K
   Hall, CB
   Walker, FJ
   Iwane, M
   Anderson, LJ
TI Human metapneumovirus infection among children hospitalized with acute
   respiratory illness
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID TRACT INFECTIONS; DISEASE; YOUNG; AGE
AB Recent studies have associated human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection in children with respiratory disease of similar severity as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. We studied 668 banked swab specimens (one per admission) collected from a population-based, prospective study of acute respiratory illness among inpatient children from two U.S. cities. Specimens were tested for HMPV, RSV, influenza, and parainfluenza viruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. Twenty-six (3.9%) were positive for HMPV; 125 (18.7%) for RSV; 45 (6.7%) for parainfluenza 1, 2, or 3; and 23 (3.4%) for influenza. HIMPV-positive children were significantly older than RSV-positive children. HMPV-positive children required medical intensive care and received supplemental oxygen in similar frequencies to RSV-positive children. Among children hospitalized with respiratory illness, the incidence of HMPV infection was less than RSV, but clinical disease severity mirrored that of RSV infection. Further investigations to better characterize HMPV infection and its clinical effect are needed.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14627 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA.
RP Anderson, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Maistop R34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM LAnderson@cdc.gov
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U38/CCU217969, U38/CCU417958]
NR 20
TC 164
Z9 171
U1 1
U2 1
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 4
BP 700
EP 705
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 808OO
UT WOS:000220578600022
PM 15200863
ER

PT J
AU Alfano-Sobsey, EM
   Eberhard, ML
   Seed, JR
   Weber, DJ
   Won, KY
   Nace, EK
   Moe, CL
AF Alfano-Sobsey, EM
   Eberhard, ML
   Seed, JR
   Weber, DJ
   Won, KY
   Nace, EK
   Moe, CL
TI Human challenge pilot study with Cyclospora cayetanensis
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID PARVUM OOCYST INFECTIVITY; TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGION;
   CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM; VARIABILITY
AB We describe a pilot study that attempted to infect human volunteers with Cyclospora cayetanensis. Seven healthy volunteers ingested an inoculum of Cyclospora oocysts (approximately 200-49,000 oocysts). The volunteers did not experience symptoms of gastroenteritis, and no oocysts were detected in any stool samples during the 16 weeks volunteers were monitored.
C1 Off Publ Hlth Preparedness & Response, Raleigh, NC USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Alfano-Sobsey, EM (reprint author), Durham Cty Hlth Dept, 414 E Main St, Durham, NC 27701 USA.
EM ealfano@ph.co.durham.nc.us
RI Moe, Christine/G-6118-2012
FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR000046, RR00046]
NR 15
TC 18
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 4
BP 726
EP 728
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 808OO
UT WOS:000220578600029
PM 15200870
ER

PT J
AU Perera, FP
   Rauh, V
   Whyatt, RM
   Tsai, WY
   Bernert, JT
   Tu, YH
   Andrews, H
   Ramirez, J
   Qu, LR
   Tang, DL
AF Perera, FP
   Rauh, V
   Whyatt, RM
   Tsai, WY
   Bernert, JT
   Tu, YH
   Andrews, H
   Ramirez, J
   Qu, LR
   Tang, DL
TI Molecular evidence of an interaction between prenatal environmental
   exposures and birth outcomes in a multiethnic population
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE adducts; birth outcomes; development; environmental; ETS; PAHs;
   pollutants; prenatal
ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY;
   TOBACCO-SMOKE; SERUM COTININE; AIR-POLLUTION; DNA-ADDUCTS; WEIGHT;
   CHILDREN; BENZO(A)PYRENE; PREGNANCY
AB Inner-city, minority populations are high-risk groups for adverse birth outcomes and also are more likely to be exposed to environmental contaminants, including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in urban air. In a sample of nonsmoking African-American and Dominican women, we evaluated the effects on birth outcomes of prenatal exposure to ETS, using questionnaire data and plasma cotinine as a biomarker of exposure, and environmental PAHs using BaP-DNA adducts as a molecular dosimeter. We previously reported that among African Americans, high prenatal exposure to PAHs estimated by prenatal personal air monitoring was associated with lower birth weight (p = 0.003) and smaller head circumference (p = 0.01) after adjusting for potential confounders. In the present analysis, self-reported ETS was associated with decreased head circumference (p = 0.04). BaP-DNA adducts were not correlated with ETS or dietary PAHs. There was no main effect of BaP-DNA adducts on birth outcomes. However, there was a significant interaction between the two pollutants such that the combined exposure to high ETS and high adducts had a significant multiplicative effect on birth weight (p = 0.04) and head circumference (p = 0.01) after adjusting for ethnicity, sex of newborns, maternal body mass index, dietary PAHs, and gestational age. This study provides evidence that combined exposure to environmental pollutants at levels currently encountered in New York City adversely affects fetal development.
C1 Columbia Univ, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Perera, FP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 60 Haven Ave,B-109, New York, NY 10032 USA.
EM Fpp1@columbia.edu
FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00065]; NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES 012468, 5R01 ES 08977,
   P01 ES009600, P50 ES 09600, R01 ES 10565, R01 ES 111158, R01 ES008977,
   R01 ES010165]
NR 51
TC 79
Z9 86
U1 1
U2 6
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 112
IS 5
BP 626
EP 630
DI 10.1289/ehp.6617
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 811KI
UT WOS:000220770400053
PM 15064172
ER

PT J
AU Srikantiah, P
   Lay, JC
   Hand, S
   Crump, JA
   Campbell, J
   Van Duyne, MS
   Bishop, R
   Middendor, R
   Currier, M
   Mead, PS
   Molbak, K
AF Srikantiah, P
   Lay, JC
   Hand, S
   Crump, JA
   Campbell, J
   Van Duyne, MS
   Bishop, R
   Middendor, R
   Currier, M
   Mead, PS
   Molbak, K
TI Salmonella enterica serotype Javiana infections associated with
   amphibian contact, Mississippi, 2001
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION
LA English
DT Article
ID COLI O157 INFECTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK;
   CHILDREN; FROGS; RISK; ENVIRONMENT
AB Salmonella Javiana is a Salmonella serotype that is restricted geographically in the United States to the Southeast. During the summer of 2001, the number of reported S. Javiana infections in Mississippi increased sevenfold. To identify sources of infection, we conducted a case-control study, defining a case as an infection with S. Javiana between August and September in a Mississippi resident. We enrolled 55 cases and 109 controls. Thirty (55%) case patients reported exposure to amphibians, defined as owning, touching, or seeing an amphibian on one's property, compared with 30 (29%) controls (matched odds ratio 2.8, P = 0.006). Contact with amphibians and their environments may be a risk factor for human infection with S. Javiana. The geographic pattern of S. Javiana infections in the United States mimics the distribution of certain amphibian species in the Southeast. Public health officials should consider amphibians as potential sources of salmonellosis, and promote hand washing after contact with amphibians.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA.
   Statens Serum Inst, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark.
RP Mead, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
NR 34
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 3
U2 8
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0950-2688
J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT
JI Epidemiol. Infect.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 132
IS 2
BP 273
EP 281
DI 10.1017/S0950268803001638
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 813RD
UT WOS:000220923300014
PM 15061502
ER

PT J
AU Newton, R
   Bousarghin, L
   Ziegler, J
   Casabonne, D
   Beral, V
   Mbidde, E
   Carpenter, L
   Parkin, DM
   Wabinga, H
   Mbulaiteye, S
   Jaffe, H
   Touze, A
   Coursaget, P
AF Newton, R
   Bousarghin, L
   Ziegler, J
   Casabonne, D
   Beral, V
   Mbidde, E
   Carpenter, L
   Parkin, DM
   Wabinga, H
   Mbulaiteye, S
   Jaffe, H
   Touze, A
   Coursaget, P
CA Uganda Kapposi's Sarcoma Study Grp
TI Human papillomaviruses and cancer in Uganda
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION
LA English
DT Article
DE cancer; human papillomavirus (HPV); Uganda
ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; NESTED
   CASE-CONTROL; PENILE CARCINOMAS; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA;
   RISK-FACTORS; HPV DNA; IN-SITU; TYPE-16
AB In a case-control study in Uganda, we examined associations between different cancer sites or types in relation to antibodies against human papillomaviruses (HPV)-16, -18 and -45. For each cancer site or type, the control group comprised all other cancers excluding those known, or thought to be associated with HPV infection (cancers of the uterine cervix, penis and eye). Among controls the seroprevalence of antibodies was 11% (68/616) against HPV-16, 5% (29/605) against HPV-18 and 6% (35/605) against HPV-45. Antibodies against HPV-16 were significantly associated with only two cancers: uterine cervix [prevalence of antibodies 27% (51/191); odds ratio (OR) 2.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-3.1, P = 0.01] and penis [prevalence of antibodies 27% (4/15); OR 6.4, 95% Cl 1.7-24.3, P = 0.01]. For both cancers, the risk increased with increasing anti-HPV-16 antibody titre (P-trend = 0.01 for each). No cancer site or type was significantly associated with antibodies against HPV-18 and -45. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
C1 Radcliffe Infirm, Epidemiol Unit, Canc Res UK, Oxford OX2 6HE, England.
   Fac Pharm, INSERM, EMIU 0010, Virol Lab, Tours, France.
   Fac Pharm, USC, INRA, Tours, France.
   Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Kampala, Uganda.
   Uganda Virus Res Inst, MRC Programme AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda.
   Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, France.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Newton, R (reprint author), Radcliffe Infirm, Epidemiol Unit, Canc Res UK, Oxford OX2 6HE, England.
EM Rob.Newton@cancer.org.uk
RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013; Casabonne, Delphine/H-6425-2014
NR 39
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0959-8278
J9 EUR J CANCER PREV
JI Eur. J. Cancer Prev.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 13
IS 2
BP 113
EP 118
PG 6
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 815ND
UT WOS:000221048100004
PM 15100577
ER

PT J
AU Jack, L
   Boseman, L
   Vinicor, F
AF Jack, L
   Boseman, L
   Vinicor, F
TI Aging Americans and diabetes
SO GERIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID SELF-MANAGEMENT; US ADULTS; HEALTH; INTERVENTION; DISABILITY; EDUCATION
AB Aging Americans experience normal age-related physiological changes and an increased burden of diabetes will require a public health and clinical response. This article discusses how the Division of Diabetes Translation (DDT) at the Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) translates scientific findings into public health practice and introduces a 4-article series written by DDT and external partners that provides an overview of diabetes treatment guidelines among the aging; the role of psychosocial process in diabetes management; implementation of diabetes treatment guidelines; and identifying resources for patient education.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Program Dev Branch,Community Intervent Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Jack, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Program Dev Branch,Community Intervent Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 19
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS
PI DULUTH
PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA
SN 0016-867X
J9 GERIATRICS
JI Geriatrics
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 59
IS 4
BP 14
EP 17
PG 12
WC Geriatrics & Gerontology
SC Geriatrics & Gerontology
GA 811TE
UT WOS:000220793400006
PM 15086069
ER

PT J
AU Olson, DE
   Norris, SL
AF Olson, DE
   Norris, SL
TI Diabetes in older adults
SO GERIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE diabetes; guidelines; geriatrics; evidence base
ID BLOOD-PRESSURE; MELLITUS; HEALTH; COMPLICATIONS; OUTCOMES; GLUCOSE;
   POPULATION; VETERANS; TRIAL
AB The recent published guidelines from the California Healthcare Foundation/American Geriatrics Society Panel on improving Care for Elders with Diabetes provide recommendations that should help improve care in that population. This paper will summarize the guidelines and indicate which recommendations are evidence-based and which are based on expert opinion, as some aspects of the guidelines have not been examined in controlled clinical trials. Practitioners need to apply approaches to care that consider level function and the patient's and family's wishes and values.
C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Olson, DE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
NR 24
TC 18
Z9 18
U1 0
U2 0
PU ADVANSTAR COMMUNICATIONS
PI DULUTH
PA 131 W FIRST ST, DULUTH, MN 55802 USA
SN 0016-867X
J9 GERIATRICS
JI Geriatrics
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 59
IS 4
BP 18
EP 24
PG 7
WC Geriatrics & Gerontology
SC Geriatrics & Gerontology
GA 811TE
UT WOS:000220793400007
PM 15086070
ER

PT J
AU Kirkpatrick, B
   Fleming, LE
   Squicciarini, D
   Backer, LC
   Clark, R
   Abraham, W
   Benson, J
   Cheng, YS
   Johnson, D
   Pierce, R
   Zaias, J
   Bossart, GD
   Baden, DG
AF Kirkpatrick, B
   Fleming, LE
   Squicciarini, D
   Backer, LC
   Clark, R
   Abraham, W
   Benson, J
   Cheng, YS
   Johnson, D
   Pierce, R
   Zaias, J
   Bossart, GD
   Baden, DG
TI Literature review of Florida red tide: implications for human health
   effects
SO HARMFUL ALGAE
LA English
DT Review
DE Florida red tide; red tide; neurotoxic shellfish poisoning; NSP;
   brevetoxins; harmful algal bloom; HAB; karenia brevis; shellfish
   poisoning; respiratory irritation; marine toxin diseases
ID NEUROTOXIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; FORMERLY GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; SENSITIVE
   SODIUM-CHANNELS; RAT-BRAIN SYNAPTOSOMES; MARINE ALGAL TOXINS;
   PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; NEW-ZEALAND; DINOFLAGELLATE TOXINS;
   CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; MOUSE BIOASSAY
AB Florida red tides are a natural phenomenon caused by dense aggregations of single cell or several species Of unicellular organisms. Patches of discolored water, dead or dying fish, and respiratory irritants in the air often characterize these algal blooms. In humans, two distinct clinical entities, depending on the route of exposure, are associated with exposure to the Florida red tide toxins (particularly the brevetoxins). With the ingestion of brevetoxin-contaminated shellfish, neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) presents as a milder gastroenteritis with neurologic symptoms compared with other marine toxin diseases such as paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) or ciguatera fish poisoning. With the inhalation of the aerosolized red tide toxins (especially the brevetoxins) from the sea spray, respiratory irritation and possibly other health effects are reported in both humans and other mammals [Nat. Toxins Drugs (1995) 141; Fleming, L.E., Baden, D.G., 1988. Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning: public health and human health effects. White Paper for the Proceedings of the Texas Conference on Neurotoxic Shellfish Poisoning. In: Proceedings of the Texas NSP Conference, Corpus Christi, TX, pp. 27-34; Travel Med, 2 (10) (1998b) 1: Travel Med. 3 (10) (1999a) 1; Toxins Pathol. 26 (2) (1998) 276; J. Allergy Clin. Imunol. 69 (1982) 418; Arch. Intern. Med. 149 (1989) 1735; Toxicon 24 (1986) 955; Florida Med. J. 60 (11) (1773) 27; J. Nat. Toxins 4 (1995) 181; J. Nat. Toxins 4 (1995) 18 1: Sci. Ani. 271 (4) (1994) 62].
   This paper reviews the literature on the known and possible human health effects of exposure to the Florida red tides and their toxins. The review includes discussion of the red tide organisms and their toxins, as well as the effects of these toxins on both wild and laboratory animals as they relate to possible human health effects and exposures. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
   Univ Miami, NIEHS, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA.
   Lovelace Resp Inst, Albuquerque, NM 87108 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA.
RP Kirkpatrick, B (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA.
EM bkirkpat@mote.org
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES010594, P01 ES010594-04]
NR 147
TC 180
Z9 185
U1 11
U2 73
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1568-9883
J9 HARMFUL ALGAE
JI Harmful Algae
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 3
IS 2
BP 99
EP 115
DI 10.1016/j.hal.2003.08.005
PG 17
WC Marine & Freshwater Biology
SC Marine & Freshwater Biology
GA 813RY
UT WOS:000220925400001
PM 20411030
ER

PT J
AU Green, LW
AF Green, LW
TI Introduction of Albert Bandura to receive the Healthtrac Foundation
   Health Education Award and to present the Healthtrac Lecture at SOPHE
   Annual Conference
SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Off Sci & Extramural Res, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Green, LW (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Off Sci & Extramural Res, Mail Stop K-36,4770 Bufford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM lgreen@cdc.gov
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 3
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 1090-1981
J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV
JI Health Educ. Behav.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 31
IS 2
BP 141
EP 142
DI 10.1177/1090198104263659
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 804KF
UT WOS:000220296900001
ER

PT J
AU Lytle, LA
   Murray, DM
   Perry, CL
   Story, M
   Birnbaum, AS
   Kubik, MY
   Varnell, S
AF Lytle, LA
   Murray, DM
   Perry, CL
   Story, M
   Birnbaum, AS
   Kubik, MY
   Varnell, S
TI School-based approaches to affect adolescents' diets: Results from the
   TEENS study
SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Article
DE adolescent; nutrition; dietary behaviors; middle schools
ID YOUNG ADOLESCENTS; UNITED-STATES; VEGETABLE CONSUMPTION; CARDIOVASCULAR
   HEALTH; NUTRITION EDUCATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; US CHILDREN; FRUIT;
   INTERVENTION; MINNESOTA
AB This article reports on the outcomes of the Teens Eating for Energy and Nutrition at School (TEENS) study, a 2-year intervention study conducted in 16 middle schools with a goal of increasing students' intakes of fruits, vegetables, and lower fat foods. Despite positive interim results for students randomized to intervention schools, the positive effects of the intervention were not seen for the primary outcomes at the end of the 2nd year. Positive effects were seen only for a food choice score (suggesting that the students usually choose lower versus higher fat foods) and not for measures of food intake. Future studies may need to take a step back toward more controlled efficacy studies in working with this age-group. In addition, future work may consider the use of peer leaders, more intensive teacher training, ongoing formative assessment, and the testing of more powerful environmental change intervention strategies.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA.
   Univ Memphis, Dept Psychol, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
   Cornell Univ, Weill Med Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10021 USA.
   Univ Minnesota, Sch Nursing, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Lytle, LA (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Div Epidemiol, 1300 S 2nd St,Suite 300, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA.
EM lytle@epi.umn.edu
FU NCI NIH HHS [5R01 CA71943-03]
NR 46
TC 81
Z9 81
U1 1
U2 13
PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC
PI THOUSAND OAKS
PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA
SN 1090-1981
J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV
JI Health Educ. Behav.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 31
IS 2
BP 270
EP 287
DI 10.1177/1090198103260635
PG 18
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 804KF
UT WOS:000220296900010
PM 15090126
ER

PT J
AU Schieve, LA
   Reynolds, MA
AF Schieve, LA
   Reynolds, MA
TI What is the most relevant standard of success in assisted reproduction?
   Challenges in measuring and reporting success rates for assisted
   reproductive technology treatments: What is optimal?
SO HUMAN REPRODUCTION
LA English
DT Article
DE assisted reproduction; live birth; singleton birth; success rates
ID IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION; MULTIPLE-BIRTH RISK; PRETERM BIRTH; PERINATAL
   HEALTH; CHILDREN BORN; PREGNANCIES; SINGLETON; IVF; MALFORMATIONS;
   GESTATION
AB For assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments, measures of success that move beyond traditional measures of pregnancy and live birth and narrow the numerator to infant outcomes with an optimal short- and long-term prognosis are needed. Hence, presentation of singleton live birth delivery rates is warranted. Twins have greatly increased risks for morbidity and mortality in comparison with singletons. Success rates based on singleton live births will more completely inform patients evaluating which ART treatment options will maximize their chance for a healthy infant. Additionally, providers who limit embryos transferred can feel they are on an even playing field in reporting their success rates. Measures of success that narrow the numerator further to exclude preterm or low birth weight singleton births might also be informative. However, the utility of such measures is less clear because the aetiologies of preterm birth and low birth weight among singletons are probably multifactorial. While it may be desirable to consider adverse outcomes such as congenital anomalies in defining treatment success, it is unfeasible to collect complete and accurate data on anomalies in current ART registries. As ART use increases, continual re-examination and critique of the manner in which success is defined and presented to the public is critical.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM lschieve@cdc.gov
NR 43
TC 19
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 0
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0268-1161
J9 HUM REPROD
JI Hum. Reprod.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 19
IS 4
BP 778
EP 782
DI 10.1093/humrep/deh160
PG 5
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology; Reproductive Biology
GA 807FG
UT WOS:000220486800005
PM 15033946
ER

PT J
AU Sehulster, LM
AF Sehulster, LM
TI Prion inactivation and medical instrument reprocessing: Challenges
   facing healthcare facilities
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES;
   SCRAPIE AGENT; STEEL-SURFACE; VARIANT; INFECTIVITY
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHQP, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Sehulster, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DHQP, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-35,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 29
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 1
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 25
IS 4
BP 276
EP 279
DI 10.1086/502391
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 811SM
UT WOS:000220791600001
PM 15108722
ER

PT J
AU Binder, S
   Runge, JW
AF Binder, S
   Runge, JW
TI Road safety and public health: a US perspective and the global challenge
SO INJURY PREVENTION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, US Dept Transportat, Washington, DC 20590 USA.
RP Binder, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM scb1@cdc.gov
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 1353-8047
J9 INJURY PREV
JI Inj. Prev.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 68
EP 69
DI 10.1136/ip.2004.005496
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 820AX
UT WOS:000221359900003
PM 15066966
ER

PT J
AU Strife, BJ
   Paulozzi, L
AF Strife, BJ
   Paulozzi, L
TI To make further progress against carbon monoxide poisoning, focus on
   motor vehicles
SO INJURY PREVENTION
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID UNITED-STATES; SUICIDE; PREVENTION; INJURIES; EXHAUST
C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Paulozzi, L (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM lpaulozzi@cdc.gov
NR 17
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 1353-8047
J9 INJURY PREV
JI Inj. Prev.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 74
EP 75
DI 10.1136/ip.2003.004432
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 820AX
UT WOS:000221359900006
PM 15066969
ER

PT J
AU McDonald, LC
   Lauderdale, TL
   Shiau, YR
   Chen, PC
   Lai, JF
   Wang, HY
   Ho, M
AF McDonald, LC
   Lauderdale, TL
   Shiau, YR
   Chen, PC
   Lai, JF
   Wang, HY
   Ho, M
CA TSAR Participating Hospitals
TI The status of antimicrobial resistance in Taiwan among gram-positive
   pathogens: the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR)
   programme, 2000
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
LA English
DT Article
DE grain-positive bacteria; antimicrobial; antibiotic resistance in Taiwan
ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT;
   UNITED-STATES; QUINUPRISTIN-DALFOPRISTIN; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE;
   ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; HIGH PREVALENCE; ASIAN NETWORK; LATIN-AMERICA
AB In the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance programme, isolates were collected from 21 hospitals over a 3-month period in 2000 (TSAR 11) and rates of resistance in Gram-positive pathogens were determined. Resistance rates were high including oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus (60%) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (80%), high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) in Enterococcus faecalis (60%) and penicillin non-susceptibility in Streptococcus pneumoniae (69%). Oxacillin resistance had increased from 1998 (TSAR 1) and may be spreading into outpatient settings. In contrast, less than 2% enterococci were vancomycin-resistant. No linezolid resistance was found in either staphylococci or enterococci. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Hlth Res Inst, Div Clin Res, Sect 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Lauderdale, TL (reprint author), Natl Hlth Res Inst, Div Clin Res, Sect 2, 128,Yen Chiu Yuan Rd, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
EM lauderdale@nhri.org.tw
RI Lauderdale, Tsai-Ling/B-2660-2010
NR 42
TC 34
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0924-8579
J9 INT J ANTIMICROB AG
JI Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 23
IS 4
BP 362
EP 370
DI 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2003.09.021
PG 9
WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 818AL
UT WOS:000221217900008
PM 15081085
ER

PT J
AU Marano, N
   Plikaytis, B
AF Marano, N
   Plikaytis, B
TI Commentary: Strategic surveillance-key to attainment of leprosy control
   and elimination goals at the local level
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Marano, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM nbm8@cdc.gov
NR 12
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0300-5771
J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL
JI Int. J. Epidemiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 33
IS 2
BP 349
EP 350
DI 10.1093/ije/dyh085
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 813HB
UT WOS:000220897100022
PM 15082638
ER

PT J
AU Schulte-Spechtel, U
   Lehnert, G
   Liegl, G
   Fingerle, V
   Heimerl, C
   Johnson, B
   Wilske, B
AF Schulte-Spechtel, U
   Lehnert, G
   Liegl, G
   Fingerle, V
   Heimerl, C
   Johnson, B
   Wilske, B
TI Significant improvement of the recombinant Borrefia IgG immunoblot for
   serodiagnosis of early neuroborreliosis
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 7th International Potsdam Symposium on Tick-Borne Diseases (IPS VII)
CY MAR 13-14, 2003
CL Berlin, GERMANY
DE neuroborreliosis; recombinant immunoblot; diagnostics; IgG
ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; VLSE
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   Max Von Pettenkofer Inst, Natl Reference Ctr Borreliae, Munich, Germany.
EM Spechtel@m3401.mpk.med.uni-muenchen.de
NR 6
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG
PI JENA
PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY
SN 1438-4221
J9 INT J MED MICROBIOL
JI Int. J. Med. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 293
SU 37
BP 158
EP 160
DI 10.1016/S1433-1128(04)80030-5
PG 3
WC Microbiology; Virology
SC Microbiology; Virology
GA 823UB
UT WOS:000221637700030
PM 15146999
ER

PT J
AU Talbot, EA
   Halabi, S
   Manchanda, R
   Mwansa, RA
   Wells, CD
AF Talbot, EA
   Halabi, S
   Manchanda, R
   Mwansa, RA
   Wells, CD
TI Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about directly-administered
   antiretroviral therapy among tuberculosis patients, Botswana 2002
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, BOTUSA Project, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Minist Hlth, Gaborone, Botswana.
RP Wells, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, BOTUSA Project, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM CCW2@cdc.gov
NR 5
TC 1
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND
SN 0956-4624
J9 INT J STD AIDS
JI Int. J. STD AIDS
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 15
IS 4
BP 282
EP 283
DI 10.1258/095646204773557884
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 816AT
UT WOS:000221083500016
PM 15075029
ER

PT J
AU Wiktor, SZ
   Abouya, L
   Angoran, H
   McFarland, J
   Sassan-Morokro, M
   Tossou, O
   Coulibaly, D
   Coulibaly, IM
   Greenberg, AE
AF Wiktor, SZ
   Abouya, L
   Angoran, H
   McFarland, J
   Sassan-Morokro, M
   Tossou, O
   Coulibaly, D
   Coulibaly, IM
   Greenberg, AE
TI Effect of an HIV counseling and testing program on AIDS-related
   knowledge and practices in tuberculosis clinics in Abidjan, Cote
   d'Ivoire
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
LA English
DT Article
DE HIV testing; tuberculosis; counseling; Cote d'Ivoire; Africa
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL;
   TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; EFFICACY; AFRICA; BEHAVIOR; IMPACT
AB SETTING: Two out-patient tuberculosis treatment centers, Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
   OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing program on acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related knowledge and behaviors among persons with newly diagnosed tuberculosis.
   DESIGN: Since 1994, patients with newly diagnosed tuberculosis have received individual or group HIV pretest counseling, informed consent, free HIV testing for those who consent, and post test counseling. From January 1995 through August 1996 in Abidjan's two largest tuberculosis clinics, knowledge and beliefs about HIV/ AIDS were assessed before and immediately after the group pretest sessions, and again 4 months later.
   RESULTS: Prior to pretest counseling, 68.9% and 68.0% of the 559 enrolled subjects could correctly identify five modes of HIV transmission and five modes of HIV prevention. These proportions increased significantly immediately after pretest counseling (90.0%, 86.6%, respectively), and remained higher 4 months later (83.7%, 87.7%) (all P < 0.01). Among men, consistent condom use during the preceding 4 months with a partner who was not a commercial sex worker increased from 9.9% at enrollment to 23.6% at the 4-month visit (P = 0.001), but not for women (6.3% vs. 9.5%, P = 0.40).
   CONCLUSIONS: An HIV pretest counseling program conducted in an out-patient tuberculosis clinic was well accepted, and significantly increased the level of HIV/ AIDS knowledge and, among men, self-reported condom use.
C1 CDCP, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire.
   Natl AIDS STD TB Control Program, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire.
RP Wiktor, SZ (reprint author), CDCP, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E30, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM swiktor@cdc.gov
NR 21
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D)
PI PARIS
PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 1027-3719
J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D
JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 8
IS 4
BP 445
EP 450
PG 6
WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System
SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System
GA 817GB
UT WOS:000221164900010
PM 15141737
ER

PT J
AU Vaudaux, J
   Doymaz, MZ
   Holland, GN
   Muccioli, C
   Silveira, C
   Belfort, R
   Bruckner, DA
   Yu, F
   Jones, JL
   Grigg, ME
AF Vaudaux, J
   Doymaz, MZ
   Holland, GN
   Muccioli, C
   Silveira, C
   Belfort, R
   Bruckner, DA
   Yu, F
   Jones, JL
   Grigg, ME
TI Identification of genotype-restricted anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies
   among individuals infected in an epidemic
SO INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the
   Association-for-Research-in-Vision-and-Ophthalmology
CY APR 24-29, 2004
CL Ft Lauderdale, FL
SP Assoc Res Vis & Ophthalmol
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
   Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
RI Belfort Jr, Rubens/E-2252-2012; Muccioli, Cristina/C-3419-2013
OI Belfort Jr, Rubens/0000-0002-8422-3898; 
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC
PI ROCKVILLE
PA 12300 TWINBROOK PARKWAY, ROCKVILLE, MD 20852-1606 USA
SN 0146-0404
J9 INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI
JI Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 45
SU 1
MA 1128
BP U412
EP U412
PG 1
WC Ophthalmology
SC Ophthalmology
GA 846TA
UT WOS:000223338001096
ER

PT J
AU Dunn, JR
   Keen, JE
   Thompson, RA
AF Dunn, JR
   Keen, JE
   Thompson, RA
TI Prevalence of shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in adult dairy
   cattle
SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Annual Meeting of the Research-Workers-in-Animal-Diseases
CY NOV, 2002
CL St Louis, MO
SP Res Workers Animal Dis
ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; MULTIPLEX PCR
   ASSAYS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BEEF-CATTLE; FARMS; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK;
   DISEASE; TRANSMISSION
AB Objective-To describe shiga-toxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (STEC O157:H7) fecal shedding prevalence, seasonal fecal shedding patterns, and site-specific prevalence from the oral cavity, skin, and feces of dairy cattle.
   Design-Cross-sectional study.
   Animals-Adult dairy cattle from 13 herds in Louisiana.
   Procedure Samples were cultured for STEC O157 by use of sensitive and specific techniques, including selective broth enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, monoclonal antibody-based O:H enzyme immunoassay serotyping, and polymerase chain reaction virulence gene characterization. Point estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for fecal shedding prevalence as well as site-specific prevalence from the oral cavity, skin, and feces. Logistic regression was used to assess seasonal variation and differences at various stages of lactation with respect to fecal shedding of STEC O157 in cattle sampled longitudinally.
   Results-Summer prevalence in herds (n = 13) was 38.5%, with a cow-level prevalence of 6.5%. Among positive herds, prevalence ranged from 3% to 34.6%. Samples from 3 of 5 herds sampled quarterly over I year yielded positive results for STEC O157 In herds with STEC O157, an increase in cow-level prevalence was detected during spring (13.3%) and summer (10.5%), compared with values for fall and winter. Site-specific prevalences of STEC O157:1-17 from oral cavity, skin, and fecal samples were 0%, 0.7%, and 25.2%, respectively.
   Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Our data indicated that STEC O157:H7 was commonly isolated from dairy cows in Louisiana, seasonally shed, and isolated from the skin surface but not the oral cavity of cows.
C1 USDA ARS, US Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
   Univ Montreal, Fac Vet Med, Dept Vet Biomed, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada.
   Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
RP Dunn, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 47
TC 31
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC
PI SCHAUMBURG
PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA
SN 0003-1488
J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A
JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 224
IS 7
BP 1151
EP 1158
DI 10.2460/javma.2004.224.1151
PG 8
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 807OV
UT WOS:000220511700027
PM 15074864
ER

PT J
AU Masse, LC
   Fulton, JE
   Watson, KL
   Mahar, MT
   Meyers, MC
   Wong, WW
AF Masse, LC
   Fulton, JE
   Watson, KL
   Mahar, MT
   Meyers, MC
   Wong, WW
TI Influence of body composition on physical activity validation studies
   using doubly labeled water
SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE accelerometer; physical activity diary; energy expenditure; physical
   activity energy expenditure
ID RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; ACTIVITY QUESTIONNAIRES;
   MOVEMENT REGISTRATION; ACTIVITY DIARY; WOMEN
AB This study investigated the influence of two approaches ( mathematical transformation and statistical procedures), used to account for body composition [ body mass or fat-free mass (FFM)], on associations between two measures of physical activity and energy expenditure determined by doubly labeled water (DLW). Complete data for these analyses were available for 136 African American (44.1%) and Hispanic (55.9%) women ( mean age 50 +/- 7.3 yr). Total energy expenditure ( TEE) by DLW was measured over 14 days. Physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) was computed as 0.90 x TEE - resting metabolic rate. During week 2, participants wore an accelerometer for 7 consecutive days and completed a 7-day diary. Pearson's product-moment correlations and three statistical procedures ( multiple regressions, partial correlations, and allometric scaling) were used to assess the effect of body composition on associations. The methods-comparison analysis was used to study the effect of body composition on agreement. The statistical procedures demonstrated that associations improved when body composition was included in the model. The accelerometer explained a small but meaningful portion of the variance in TEE and PAEE after body mass was accounted for. The methods-comparison analysis confirmed that agreement with DLW was affected by the transformation. Agreement between the diary ( transformed with body mass) and TEE reflected the association that exists between body mass and TEE. These results suggest that the accelerometer and diary accounted for a small portion of TEE and PAEE. Most of the variance in DLW-measured energy expenditure was explained by body mass or FFM.
C1 NCI, Behav Res Program, Hlth Promot Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA.
   W Texas A&M Univ, Canyon, TX 79016 USA.
RP Masse, LC (reprint author), NCI, Behav Res Program, Hlth Promot Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, EPN 4076,MSC 7335,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CC609653]
NR 34
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 8750-7587
J9 J APPL PHYSIOL
JI J. Appl. Physiol.
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 96
IS 4
BP 1357
EP 1364
DI 10.1152/japplphysiol.00901.2003
PG 8
WC Physiology; Sport Sciences
SC Physiology; Sport Sciences
GA 801YE
UT WOS:000220130400014
PM 14660509
ER

PT J
AU Millman, K
   Black, CM
   Johnson, RE
   Stamm, WE
   Jones, RB
   Hook, EW
   Martin, DH
   Bolan, G
   Tavare, S
   Dean, D
AF Millman, K
   Black, CM
   Johnson, RE
   Stamm, WE
   Jones, RB
   Hook, EW
   Martin, DH
   Bolan, G
   Tavare, S
   Dean, D
TI Population-based genetic and evolutionary analysis of Chlamydia
   trachomatis urogenital strain variation in the United States
SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID OUTER-MEMBRANE-PROTEIN; ACID AMPLIFICATION TESTS; OMP1 GENE;
   NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE;
   VARIABLE DOMAINS; INFECTIONS; SEROVARS; DISEASE
AB Chlamydia trachomatis is a major cause of ocular and sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. While much of our knowledge about its genetic diversity comes from serotyping or ompA genotyping, no quantitative assessment of genetic diversity within serotypes has been performed. To accomplish this, 507 urogenital samples from a multicenter U.S. study were analyzed by phylogenetic and statistical modeling. No B, Da, or I serotypes were represented. Based on our analyses, all but one previous urogenital B serotype was identified as Ba. This, coupled with the lack of B serotypes in our population, suggests that B has specific tropism for ocular mucosa. We identified a Ba/D recombinant (putative crossover nucleotide 477; P < 0.0001) similar to a B/D mosaic we described previously from an African trachoma patient. Computational analyses of the Ba/D recombinant indicated that upstream changes were less important for tissue tropism than downstream incorporation of the D sequence. Since most serotypes had nonsynonymous/synonymous ratios of <1.0, the major outer membrane protein, encoded by ompA, has many functional constraints and is under purifying selection. Surprisingly, all serotype groups except for J had a unimodal population structure indicating rapid clonal expansion. Of the groups with a unimodal structure, E and la and, to a lesser extent, G and K were prevalent, had infrequent incorporation of mutations, and, compared to other groups, had a relatively greater degree of diversifying selection, consistent with a selective sweep of mutations within these groups. Collectively, these data suggest a diverse evolutionary strategy for different serogroups of the organism.
C1 Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Washington, Ctr Med, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Wishard Hlth Serv, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
   Univ Alabama, Div Infect Dis, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
   Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sexually Transmitted Dis Control, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Univ So Calif, Dept Sci Biol, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, Oakland, CA 94609 USA.
   Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
RP Dean, D (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Res Inst, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr Way, Oakland, CA 94609 USA.
EM ddean@chori.org
FU NEI NIH HHS [EY/AI12219, R01 EY012219]; NHLBI NIH HHS [P0HC96000762];
   NIAID NIH HHS [AI39499, R01 AI039499]
NR 57
TC 59
Z9 68
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0021-9193
J9 J BACTERIOL
JI J. Bacteriol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 186
IS 8
BP 2457
EP 2465
DI 10.1128/JB.186.8.2457-2465.2004
PG 9
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 809ZE
UT WOS:000220673800027
PM 15060049
ER

PT J
AU Cardinali, FL
   Ashley, DL
   Morrow, JC
   Moll, DM
   Blount, BC
AF Cardinali, FL
   Ashley, DL
   Morrow, JC
   Moll, DM
   Blount, BC
TI Measurement of trihalomethanes and methyl tertiary-butyl ether in tap
   water using solid-phase microextraction GC-MS
SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHIC SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS;
   DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; PER-TRILLION LEVEL; DRINKING-WATER;
   GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN BLOOD; EXPOSURE
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Cardinali, FL (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,MSF47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM fcardinali@cdc.gov
NR 23
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 4
PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC
PI NILES
PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA
SN 0021-9665
J9 J CHROMATOGR SCI
JI J. Chromatogr. Sci.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 4
BP 200
EP 206
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 812IQ
UT WOS:000220833600006
PM 15154982
ER

PT J
AU Clark, HF
   Lawley, DA
   Schaffer, A
   Patacsil, JM
   Marcello, AE
   Glass, RI
   Jain, V
   Gentsch, J
AF Clark, HF
   Lawley, DA
   Schaffer, A
   Patacsil, JM
   Marcello, AE
   Glass, RI
   Jain, V
   Gentsch, J
TI Assessment of the epidemic potential of a new strain of rotavirus
   associated with the novel G9 serotype which caused an outbreak in the
   United States for the first time in the 1995-1996 season
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CHILDREN;
   PROTECTION; INFECTIONS; VP7
AB Rotavirus causes severe morbidity in developed countries and frequent deaths (greater than or equal to500,000 per year) in less-developed countries. Historically, four serotypes-G1, G2, G3, and G4-have predominated; they are distinguished by one of two surface neutralization antigens (VP7). However, in 1983 and 1984 we described a new rotavirus serotype, designated G9, in five children hospitalized for diarrhea in Philadelphia, Pa. G9 rotavirus was not identified again in the Western Hemisphere until it caused ca. 50% of the rotavirus disease detected in Philadelphia in the 1995-1996 season. This outbreak allowed us to question whether a rotavirus strain completely new to a well-studied community would target either very young infants or older children, cause especially severe disease, or completely displace previously extant serotypes. We observed a significant excess of G9 infections in younger infants (especially in those <6 months old) that might be attributed to the lack of G9-specific antibodies in mothers. Of further note, six of the seven oldest patients with rotavirus diarrhea were infected with the G9 strains (not significant). However, the age distribution of children with rotavirus did not differ over a 5-year study period regardless of the infecting serotype. Patients with diarrhea associated with G9 strains did not have disease more severe than that caused by the G1, G2, or G3 serotype. G9 strains did not displace the other serotypes but were virtually completely replaced by G1 or G2 serotypes in the three subsequent rotavirus seasons. We conclude that the abrupt appearance of this novel rotavirus serotype did not present a special threat to public health in the community.
C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div AIID, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Clark, HF (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Infect Dis, 3516 Civic Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
EM clarkf@email.chop.edu
NR 22
TC 48
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 4
BP 1434
EP 1438
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1434-1438.2004
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 814GK
UT WOS:000220963000008
PM 15070985
ER

PT J
AU Lasker, BA
   Ran, YP
AF Lasker, BA
   Ran, YP
TI Analysis of polymorphic microsatellite markers for typing Penicillium
   marneffei isolates
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CANDIDA-ALBICANS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS;
   RANDOM AMPLIFICATION; NORTHERN THAILAND; INFECTED PATIENTS; DNA;
   STRAINS; PATHOGEN; SEQUENCE
AB Penicillium marneffei is an emerging opportunistic dimorphic fungal pathogen that is endemic in Southeast Asia. A typing method based on the analysis of size polymorphisms in microsatellite loci was investigated. Three loci available from the GenBank database were identified to harbor microsatellites. PCR primers flanking the microsatellite repeats were designed with one primer in the set fluorescently labeled. PCR products were then sized by automated capillary electrophoresis. As expected for a haploid fungus, a single band was observed for each microsatellite locus for all isolates. Polymorphic microsatellite marker (PMM) analysis detected a total of 22 different allelic types for 35 isolates of P. marneffei with a high discriminatory power (D = 0.956). Microsatellites 1, 11, and III detected 14, 10, and 7 alleles, respectively. The reproducibility of length polymorphisms was confirmed by using different DNA preparations from the same isolate or by repeated runs from the same DNA preparation. PMM profiles for eight isolates passaged in vitro for 7 to 8 weeks were identical to the original culture, demonstrating short-term stability and reproducibility. PCR products were not observed for other dimorphic fungi or human DNA. Comparison of allelic frequencies in isolates obtained from China and Thailand identified distinct allele combinations, suggesting the potential geographic isolation of populations. Due to the high discriminatory power, reproducibility, and potential for high throughput, PMM analysis may provide a good typing method for epidemiologic and surveillance investigations of P. marneffei.
C1 CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Sichuan Univ, W China Hosp, Chengdu 610041, Peoples R China.
RP Lasker, BA (reprint author), CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM blasker@cdc.gov
NR 51
TC 20
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 4
BP 1483
EP 1490
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1483-1490.2004
PG 8
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 814GK
UT WOS:000220963000016
PM 15070993
ER

PT J
AU Hajjeh, RA
   Sofair, AN
   Harrison, LH
   Lyon, GM
   Arthington-Skaggs, BA
   Mirza, SA
   Phelan, M
   Morgan, J
   Lee-Yang, W
   Ciblak, MA
   Benjamin, LE
   Sanza, LT
   Huie, S
   Yeo, SF
   Brandt, ME
   Warnock, DW
AF Hajjeh, RA
   Sofair, AN
   Harrison, LH
   Lyon, GM
   Arthington-Skaggs, BA
   Mirza, SA
   Phelan, M
   Morgan, J
   Lee-Yang, W
   Ciblak, MA
   Benjamin, LE
   Sanza, LT
   Huie, S
   Yeo, SF
   Brandt, ME
   Warnock, DW
TI Incidence of bloodstream infections due to Candida species and in vitro
   susceptibilities of isolates collected from 1998 to 2000 in a
   population-based active surveillance program
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED CANDIDEMIA; CARE-UNIT PATIENTS; ANTIFUNGAL
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; AMPHOTERICIN-B; RISK-FACTORS; ADULT PATIENTS; DNA
   PROBES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FLUCONAZOLE; ALBICANS
AB To determine the incidence of Candida bloodstream infections (BSI) and antifungal drug resistance, population-based active laboratory surveillance was conducted from October 1998 through September 2,000 in two areas of the United States (Baltimore, Md., and the state of Connecticut; combined population, 4.7 million). A total of 1,143 cases were detected, for an average adjusted annual incidence of 10 per 100,000 population or 1.5 per 10,000 hospital days. In 28% of patients, Candida BSI developed prior to or on the day of admission; only 36% of patients were in an intensive care unit at the time of diagnosis. No fewer than 78% of patients had a central catheter in place at the time of diagnosis, and 50% had undergone surgery within the previous 3 months. Candida albicans comprised 45% of the isolates, followed by C. glabrata (24%), C. parapsilosis (13%), and C. tropicalis (12%). Only 1.2% of C. albicans isolates were resistant to fluconazole (MIC, greater than or equal to64 mug/ml), compared to 7% of C. glabrata isolates and 6% of C. tropicalis isolates. Only 0.9% of C. albicans isolates were resistant to itraconazole (MIC, greater than or equal to1 mug/ml), compared to 19.5% of C. glabrata isolates and 6% of C. tropicalis isolates. Only 4.3% of C. albicans isolates were resistant to flucytosine (MIC, greater than or equal to32 mug/ml), compared to <1% of C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis isolates and no C. glabrata isolates. As determined by E-test, the MICs of amphotericin B were greater than or equal to0.38 mug/ml for 10% of Candida isolates, greater than or equal to1 mug/ml for 1.7% of isolates, and greater than or equal to2 mug/ml for 0.4% of isolates. Our findings highlight changes in the epidemiology of Candida BSI in the 1990s and provide a basis upon which to conduct further studies of selected high-risk subpopulations.
C1 CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Warnock, DW (reprint author), CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM DWarnock@cdc.gov
NR 48
TC 398
Z9 426
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 4
BP 1519
EP 1527
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1519-1527.2004
PG 9
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 814GK
UT WOS:000220963000021
PM 15070998
ER

PT J
AU Bronsdon, MA
   O'Brien, KL
   Facklam, RR
   Whitney, CG
   Schwartz, B
   Carlone, GM
AF Bronsdon, MA
   O'Brien, KL
   Facklam, RR
   Whitney, CG
   Schwartz, B
   Carlone, GM
TI Immunoblot method to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae and identify
   multiple serotypes from nasopharyngeal secretions
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; CHILDREN YOUNGER; OTITIS-MEDIA;
   CARRIAGE; IMMUNOGENICITY; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; IMPACT
AB Conventional culture techniques are limited in the ability to detect multiple Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in nasopharyngeal (NP) secretions. We developed an immunoblot (IB) method with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to detect S. pneumoniae and to identify serotypes. NP specimens stored in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol medium were assessed by the IB method and the reference culture method (RM). In the RM, four optochin-sensitive alpha-hemolytic colonies resembling pneumococci were typed by the Quellung reaction. In the IB method, a nitrocellulose membrane blot of surface growth was reacted with a pneumococcal surface adhesion (PsaA) MAb and visualized. Of 47 NP specimens, 32 (68%) were found to be positive and 13 (28%) were found to be negative for pneumococci by both methods; each method alone yielded one positive result. The sensitivity and specificity of the IB method for the detection of pneumococci were 97 and 93%, respectively. To identify serotypes, blots were tested with serotype-specific MAbs (4, 6A, 613, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F). To detect the remaining serotypes, positive serotype-specific replicate blots were compared visually to an original anti-PsaA-positive blot; four unidentified colonies were subcultured and serotyped by the Quellung reaction. Fifty-eight S. pneumoniae-positive NP specimens containing 69 pneumococcal strains (23 serotypes) were tested; 68 (98.6%) of the strains were detected by the IB method, and 66 (95.6%) were detected by the RM. For 11 specimens found to contain two serotypes, both methods detected both serotypes in 7 (63.6%), the IB method alone detected the two serotypes in 3 (27.3%), and the RM alone detected both serotypes in 1 (9%). The IB method identified multiple clones and minor populations of pneumococci in NP secretions. This method is useful for detecting specific serotypes and carriage of multiple serotypes in epidemiologic surveillance and carriage studies.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP O'Brien, KL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, 621 N Washington St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM klobrien@jhsph.edu
NR 23
TC 40
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 4
BP 1596
EP 1600
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1596-1600.2004
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 814GK
UT WOS:000220963000033
PM 15071010
ER

PT J
AU Soares, CC
   Volotao, EM
   Albuquerque, MCM
   Nozawa, CM
   Linhares, REC
   Volokhov, D
   Chizhikov, V
   Lu, XY
   Erdman, D
   Santos, N
AF Soares, CC
   Volotao, EM
   Albuquerque, MCM
   Nozawa, CM
   Linhares, REC
   Volokhov, D
   Chizhikov, V
   Lu, XY
   Erdman, D
   Santos, N
TI Genotyping of enteric adenoviruses by using single-stranded conformation
   polymorphism analysis and Heteroduplex mobility assay
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RESTRICTION-ENDONUCLEASE ANALYSIS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; STRAINS
AB Single-stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and heteroduplex mobility assays (HMAs) were used to identify and genotype enteric adenoviruses (EAd). The results were compared to those of restriction endonuclease assays, species-specific PCRs, and direct nucleotide sequence analyses. Of the 31 stool samples tested, 15 isolates were identified as EAd and 7 were identified as nonenteric Ad by all methods. An agreement of 100% was found between the SSCP and HMA results.
C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Virol, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
   Univ Estadual Londrina, Dept Microbiol, BR-86061970 Londrina, PR, Brazil.
   US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Santos, N (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Virol, Inst Microbiol, Cidade Univ,CCS,Bl I, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
EM nsantos@micro.ufrj.br
RI Santos, Norma/H-6986-2015
OI Santos, Norma/0000-0002-5123-9172
NR 14
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 4
BP 1723
EP 1726
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1723-1729.2004
PG 4
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 814GK
UT WOS:000220963000055
PM 15071032
ER

PT J
AU Boras, A
   Jeren, T
   Sacchi, CT
   Schmink, S
   Bozinovic, D
   Barsic, B
   Rosenstein, NE
   Popovic, T
AF Boras, A
   Jeren, T
   Sacchi, CT
   Schmink, S
   Bozinovic, D
   Barsic, B
   Rosenstein, NE
   Popovic, T
CA Croatian Study Grp Bacterial Menin
TI Establishment of an active laboratory-based surveillance for bacterial
   meningitis in Croatia and molecular characterization of Neisseria
   meningitidis isolates causing meningococcal disease that were collected
   in the year 2000, the first year of activity
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ELECTROPHORESIS; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB In 2000, 23 Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal [Men]) isolates were collected in Croatia through an active laboratory-based surveillance for bacterial meningitis (17 Men serogroup B [MenB], 4 MenC, 1 MenW135, and 1 nongroupable isolate). Molecular characterization revealed a substantial level of diversity with only six isolates belonging to electrophoretic type 5 (ET-5) and ET-37 hypervirulent complexes.
C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Epidemiol Invest Lab,Meningitis & Special Pathoge, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Infect Dis, Zagreb, Croatia.
RP Boras, A (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Epidemiol Invest Lab,Meningitis & Special Pathoge, 17-2209,GS 34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM txp1@cdc.gov
NR 19
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 4
BP 1803
EP 1806
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1803-1806.2004
PG 4
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 814GK
UT WOS:000220963000079
PM 15071056
ER

PT J
AU Gira, AK
   Reisenauer, AH
   Hammock, L
   Nadiminti, U
   Macy, JT
   Reeves, A
   Burnett, C
   Yakrus, MA
   Toney, S
   Jensen, BJ
   Blumberg, HM
   Caughman, SW
   Nolte, FS
AF Gira, AK
   Reisenauer, AH
   Hammock, L
   Nadiminti, U
   Macy, JT
   Reeves, A
   Burnett, C
   Yakrus, MA
   Toney, S
   Jensen, BJ
   Blumberg, HM
   Caughman, SW
   Nolte, FS
TI Furunculosis due to Mycobacterium mageritense associated with footbaths
   at a nail salon
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SP-NOV; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTIONS; PATTERNS
AB We report two cases of lower-extremityfurunculosis caused by Mycobacterium mageritense. Both patients were patrons of the same nail salon, where they received footbaths prior to pedicures. M. mageritense bacteria isolated from two whirlpool footbaths were determined to be closely related to the patient isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tuberculosis Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Healthcare & Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Dekalb Cty Board Hlth, Div Hlth Assessment & Promot, Decatur, GA USA.
RP Nolte, FS (reprint author), Emory Univ Hosp, Clin Labs, 1364 Clifton Rd NE,Room F145, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
EM fnolte@emory.edu
NR 17
TC 36
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 4
BP 1813
EP 1817
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1813-1817.2004
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 814GK
UT WOS:000220963000081
PM 15071058
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, L
   Singh, A
   Jiang, JL
   Xiao, LH
AF Zhou, L
   Singh, A
   Jiang, JL
   Xiao, LH
TI Molecular surveillance of Cryptosporidium spp. in raw wastewater in
   Milwaukee: Implications for understanding outbreak occurrence and
   transmission dynamics (vol 41, pg 5254, 2003)
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Correction
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   City Milwaukee Publ Hlth Labs, Milwaukee, WI 53202 USA.
RP Zhou, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013
OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727
NR 1
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 4
BP 1859
EP 1859
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.4.1859.2004
PG 1
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 814GK
UT WOS:000220963000098
ER

PT J
AU Sharpe, TT
   Lee, LM
   Nakashima, AK
   Elam-Evans, LD
   Fleming, PL
AF Sharpe, TT
   Lee, LM
   Nakashima, AK
   Elam-Evans, LD
   Fleming, PL
TI Crack cocaine use and adherence to antiretroviral treatment among
   HIV-infected black women
SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE crack cocaine; antiretroviral treatment; HIV/AIDS; black women
ID UNITED-STATES; SEX; THERAPY; BEHAVIORS
AB Since the appearance of crack cocaine in the 1980s, unprecedented numbers of women have become addicted. A disproportionate number of female crack users are Black and poor. We analyzed interview data of HIV-infected women greater than or equal to 18 years of age reported to 12 health departments between July 1997 and December 2000 to ascertain if Black women reported crack use more than other HIV-infected women and to examine the relationship between crack use and antiretroviral treatment (ART) adherence among Black women. Of 1655 HIV-infected women, 585 (35%) were nonusers of drugs, 694 (42%) were users of other drugs and 376 (23%) were crack users. Of the 1196 (72%) Black women, 306 (26%) were crack users. We used logistic regression to examine the effect of crack use on adherence to ART, controlling for age and education among Black women. In multivariate analysis, crack users and users of other drugs were less likely than non-users to take their ART medicines exactly as prescribed (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.24-0.56), OR = 0.47; 95% CI = 0.36-0.68), respectively. HIV-infected Black women substance users, especially crack cocaine users, may require sustained treatment and counseling to help them reduce substance use and adhere to ART.
C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Fetal Alcohol Synddrome Prevent Team, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Unit, ITSSB, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Sharpe, TT (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Fetal Alcohol Synddrome Prevent Team, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM tsharpe2@cdc.gov
NR 31
TC 55
Z9 57
U1 1
U2 3
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA
SN 0094-5145
J9 J COMMUN HEALTH
JI J. Community Health
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 29
IS 2
BP 117
EP 127
DI 10.1023/B:JOHE.0000016716.99847.9b
PG 11
WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 802TH
UT WOS:000220185300002
PM 15065731
ER

PT J
AU Milan, S
   Ickovics, JR
   Kershaw, T
   Lewis, J
   Meade, C
   Ethier, K
AF Milan, S
   Ickovics, JR
   Kershaw, T
   Lewis, J
   Meade, C
   Ethier, K
TI Prevalence, course, and predictors of emotional distress in pregnant and
   parenting adolescents
SO JOURNAL OF CONSULTING AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID 3 YEARS POSTPARTUM; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS;
   AFRICAN-AMERICAN; DEVELOPMENTAL TRAJECTORIES; MATERNAL DEPRESSION;
   PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; INFANT HEALTH; MOTHERS; PARENTHOOD
AB This study examines trajectories and correlates of emotional distress symptoms in pregnant adolescents (n = 203) and nulliparous adolescents (n = 188) from economically disadvantaged communities over an 18-month period. For both groups, the prevalence of significant emotional distress exceeded expectation based on adolescent norms; however, the severity of symptoms did not differ between the 2 groups. Results from growth curve modeling revealed a significant decline in symptoms during the study period for both groups, but pregnant adolescents experienced a different pattern of decline. Also, certain interpersonal factors (e.g., history of physical maltreatment, partner support) appeared to play a more important role in the emotional well-being of pregnant and parenting adolescents relative to nulliparous adolescents. Implications for early identification and intervention are discussed.
C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   Yale Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Milan, S (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 135 Coll St,Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
EM stephanie.milan@yale.edu
FU NIMH NIH HHS [31T32 MH20031-02, P01 MH/DA 56826-01A1]
NR 61
TC 41
Z9 41
U1 9
U2 14
PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA
SN 0022-006X
J9 J CONSULT CLIN PSYCH
JI J. Consult. Clin. Psychol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 72
IS 2
BP 328
EP 340
DI 10.1037/0022-006X.72.2.328
PG 13
WC Psychology, Clinical
SC Psychology
GA 806OE
UT WOS:000220442400016
PM 15065965
ER

PT J
AU Kerr, EA
   Gerzoff, R
   Krein, SL
   Selby, JV
   Piette, JD
   Curb, J
   Herman, WH
   Marrero, DG
   Narayan, V
   Safford, M
   Mangione, CM
AF Kerr, EA
   Gerzoff, R
   Krein, SL
   Selby, JV
   Piette, JD
   Curb, J
   Herman, WH
   Marrero, DG
   Narayan, V
   Safford, M
   Mangione, CM
TI A comparison of diabetes care quality in VA and commercial managed care:
   The Triad study.
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine
CY MAY 12-15, 2004
CL Chicago, IL
SP Soc Gen Internal Med
C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   VA Ann Arbor Healthcare Syst, Ann Arbor, MI USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA.
   Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA.
   Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA.
   Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
   Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
RI Krein, Sarah/E-2742-2014
OI Krein, Sarah/0000-0003-2111-8131
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC
PI MALDEN
PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA
SN 0884-8734
J9 J GEN INTERN MED
JI J. Gen. Intern. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 19
SU 1
BP 109
EP 109
PG 1
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine
GA 816RA
UT WOS:000221125800363
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, BA
   Koppaka, VR
   Cors, CS
AF Johnson, BA
   Koppaka, VR
   Cors, CS
TI Emergency preparedness on US college and university campuses.
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine
CY MAY 12-15, 2004
CL Chicago, IL
SP Soc Gen Internal Med
C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23284 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC
PI MALDEN
PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA
SN 0884-8734
J9 J GEN INTERN MED
JI J. Gen. Intern. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 19
SU 1
BP 149
EP 149
PG 1
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine
GA 816RA
UT WOS:000221125800530
ER

PT J
AU Rao, JK
   Anderson, LA
AF Rao, JK
   Anderson, LA
TI Improving physician and patient communication skills in outpatient
   settings: Lessons learned from intervention research.
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine
CY MAY 12-15, 2004
CL Chicago, IL
SP Soc Gen Internal Med
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC
PI MALDEN
PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA
SN 0884-8734
J9 J GEN INTERN MED
JI J. Gen. Intern. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 19
SU 1
BP 167
EP 167
PG 1
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine
GA 816RA
UT WOS:000221125800604
ER

PT J
AU Mann, DM
   Lee, JD
   Liao, Y
   Natarajan, S
AF Mann, DM
   Lee, JD
   Liao, Y
   Natarajan, S
TI Population impact of obesity on fatal coronary heart disease in US
   adults.
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine
CY MAY 12-15, 2004
CL Chicago, IL
SP Soc Gen Internal Med
C1 NYU, New York, NY USA.
   Cornell Univ, Coll Med, New York, NY USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC
PI MALDEN
PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA
SN 0884-8734
J9 J GEN INTERN MED
JI J. Gen. Intern. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 19
SU 1
BP 193
EP 193
PG 1
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine
GA 816RA
UT WOS:000221125800716
ER

PT J
AU Kim, C
   Ferrara, A
   McEwen, L
   Marrero, D
   Gerzoff, RB
   Herman, WH
AF Kim, C
   Ferrara, A
   McEwen, L
   Marrero, D
   Gerzoff, RB
   Herman, WH
TI Preconception care in managed care: The Translating Research into Action
   for Diabetes study (TRIAD).
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 27th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-General-Internal-Medicine
CY MAY 12-15, 2004
CL Chicago, IL
SP Soc Gen Internal Med
C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA.
   Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC
PI MALDEN
PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA
SN 0884-8734
J9 J GEN INTERN MED
JI J. Gen. Intern. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 19
SU 1
BP 194
EP 194
PG 1
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medicine, General & Internal
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine
GA 816RA
UT WOS:000221125800721
ER

PT J
AU Vinje, J
   Gregoricus, N
   Martin, J
   Gary, HE
   Caceres, VM
   Venczel, L
   Macadam, A
   Dobbins, JG
   Burns, C
   Wait, D
   Ko, G
   Landaverde, M
   Kew, O
   Sobsey, MD
AF Vinje, J
   Gregoricus, N
   Martin, J
   Gary, HE
   Caceres, VM
   Venczel, L
   Macadam, A
   Dobbins, JG
   Burns, C
   Wait, D
   Ko, G
   Landaverde, M
   Kew, O
   Sobsey, MD
TI Isolation and characterization of circulating type 1 vaccine-derived
   poliovirus from sewage and stream waters in Hispaniola
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; ENVIRONMENTAL SURVEILLANCE; PARALYTIC
   POLIOMYELITIS; WIDESPREAD CIRCULATION; DEOXYINOSINE RESIDUES; CODON
   DEGENERACY; ENTERIC VIRUSES; MIXED-BASE; OUTBREAK; IDENTIFICATION
AB Twenty-one cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) were reported on the island of Hispaniola in 2000. Laboratory analysis confirmed the presence of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) type 1 in stool samples obtained from patients. As a complement to the active search for cases of AFP, environmental sampling was conducted during November and December 2000, to test for cVDPV in sewage, streams, canals, and public latrines. Fifty-five environmental samples were obtained and analyzed for the presence of polioviruses by use of cell culture followed by neutralization and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Of the 23 positive samples, 10 tested positive for poliovirus type 1, 7 tested positive for poliovirus type 2, 5 tested positive for poliovirus type 3, and 1 tested positive for both poliovirus type 2 and type 3. By sequence analysis of the complete viral capsid gene 1 (VP1), a 2.1% - 3.7% genetic sequence difference between 7 type 1 strains and Sabin type 1 vaccine strain was found. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these viruses are highly related to cVDPV isolated from clinical cases and form distinct subclusters related to geographic region. Our findings demonstrate a useful role for environmental surveillance of neurovirulent polioviruses in the overall polio eradication program.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA.
   Natl Inst Biol Stand & Controls, Potters Bar EN6 3QG, Herts, England.
RP Vinje, J (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM janvinje@email.unc.edu
OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675
NR 41
TC 18
Z9 19
U1 2
U2 7
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 189
IS 7
BP 1168
EP 1175
DI 10.1086/382545
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 805AC
UT WOS:000220338200006
PM 15031784
ER

PT J
AU Taylor, L
   Jones, RL
   Ashley, K
   Deddens, JA
   Kwan, L
AF Taylor, L
   Jones, RL
   Ashley, K
   Deddens, JA
   Kwan, L
TI Comparison of capillary earlobe and venous blood monitoring for
   occupational lead surveillance
SO JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID BINDING PROTEIN; ABSORPTION; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; DONORS; SAMPLES
AB Biological monitoring for occupational lead exposure involves routine venous blood draws from exposed employees. This uncomfortable procedure normally yields more blood than what is needed for analysis. Capillary blood sampling is less invasive but introduces the possibility of surface contamination. The objective of this study was to compare venous and capillary (earlobe) blood lead samples obtained from occupationally exposed individuals. Phlebotomists trained specifically in the collection of blood samples for lead determination collected 2 venous blood samples and 2 capillary earlobe samples from each participating employee. Before the capillary draw, the employee's earlobe was cleansed with an alcohol wipe in an effort to remove potential lead contamination. A second alcohol wipe was then used to sanitize the lancing area and was retained for lead analysis. Both the venous and capillary samples were subsequently analyzed with the use of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). GFAAS of venous blood specimens was considered the reference method of sampling and analysis. We collected and analyzed 126 paired earlobe and venous samples. Earlobe sampling was preferred to venous sampling by 54% of the employees surveyed. The mean difference between the capillary and venous results was 38.8 +/- 48.1 mug/dl.. Lead concentrations in earlobe blood were more than twice those found in venous samples in more than half of the samples (64 of 126). Despite simple cleansing with an alcohol wipe and no visible skin contamination, 94% of the wipe samples from earlobes contained more than 1 mug of lead. Even low concentrations of contamination can significantly alter the concentration of lead in the blood; for example, sample contamination of 0.3 mug lead in a 200-muL blood sample would yield an increase of 150 mug/dL in the measured lead concentration. The findings of this study suggest that until satisfactory skin cleansing and decontamination techniques are identified and evaluated, earlobe sampling should be avoided in the surveillance of occupational blood lead levels.
C1 US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH USA.
   US Dept HHS, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Washington, DC 20201 USA.
   Univ Cincinnati, Dept Math Sci, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
   Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
RP Taylor, L (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
EM LTaylor@cdc.gov
RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011
NR 34
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY, INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA
SN 0022-2143
J9 J LAB CLIN MED
JI J. Lab. Clin. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 143
IS 4
BP 217
EP 224
DI 10.1016/j.lab.2003.12.011
PG 8
WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine,
   Research & Experimental
SC Medical Laboratory Technology; General & Internal Medicine; Research &
   Experimental Medicine
GA 816MK
UT WOS:000221113800004
PM 15085080
ER

PT J
AU Coffey, CC
   Lawrence, RB
   Campbell, DL
   Zhuang, ZQ
   Calvert, CA
   Jensen, PA
AF Coffey, CC
   Lawrence, RB
   Campbell, DL
   Zhuang, ZQ
   Calvert, CA
   Jensen, PA
TI Fitting characteristics of eighteen N95 filtering-facepiece respirators
SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
DE filtering-facepiece; fit-test; respirator; simulated workplace
   protection factor
ID WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE; PROTECTION
AB Four performance measures were used to evaluate the fitting characteristics of 18 models of N95 filtering-facepiece respirators: (1) the 5th percentile simulated workplace protection factor (SWPF) value, (2) the shift average SWPF value, (3) the h-value, aid (4) the assignment error. The effect of fit-testing on the level of protection provided by the respirators was also evaluated. The respirators were tested on a panel of 25 subjects with various face Sizes. Simulated workplace protection factor values, determined from six total penetration (face-seal leakage plus filter penetration) tests with re-donning, between each test, were used to indicate respirator performance. Five fit-tests were used: Bitrex(TM), saccharin, generated aerosol corrected for filter penetration, PortaCounr(R) Plus corrected for filter penetration,and the PortaCount Plus with the N95-Companion(TM) accessory. Without fit-testing, the 5th percentile SWPF for all models combined was 2.9 with individual model values ranging from 1.3 to 48.0. Passing a fit-test generally resulted in an increase in protection. In addition, the h-value of each respirator was computed. The h-value has been determined to be the population fraction of individuals who will obtain an adequate level of protection(i.e.. SWPF greater than or equal to 10, which is the expected level of protection of half-facepiece respirators) when a respirator is selected and donned (including a users seal check) in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions without fit-testing. The h-value for all models combined was 0.74 (i.e., 74% of all donnings resulted in an adequate level of proteclion), with individual model h-values ranging from 0.31 to 0.99. Only three models had h-values above 0.95. Higher SWPF values were achieved by excluding SWPF values determined for test subject/respirator combinations that failed a fittest.. The improvement was greatest for respirator models with lower h-values. Using the concepts of shift average and assignment error to measure respirator performance yielded similar results. The highest level of protection was provided by, passing a fit-test with a respirator having good fitting characteristics.
C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
   NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
RP Coffey, CC (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Resp Dis Studies, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
EM ccoffey@cdc.gov
RI Coffey, Christopher/I-2471-2012; Zhuang, Ziqing/K-5462-2012
NR 18
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1545-9624
J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG
JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 1
IS 4
BP 262
EP 271
DI 10.1080/15459620490433799
PG 10
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 816PY
UT WOS:000221123000010
PM 15204866
ER

PT J
AU Bartley, DL
AF Bartley, DL
TI Reconciling traditional accuracy assessment with the ISO Guide to the
   Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (ISO/GUM)
SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
NR 13
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1545-9624
J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG
JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 1
IS 4
BP D37
EP D41
DI 10.1080/15459620490432079
PG 5
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 816PY
UT WOS:000221123000001
PM 15204856
ER

PT J
AU Moss, DM
   Montgomery, JM
   Newland, SV
   Priest, JW
   Lammie, PJ
AF Moss, DM
   Montgomery, JM
   Newland, SV
   Priest, JW
   Lammie, PJ
TI Detection of Cryptosporidium antibodies in sera and oral fluids using
   multiplex bead assay
SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID FLUORESCENT MICROSPHERE IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G ANTIBODIES;
   COAST-GUARD CUTTER; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ANTIGENS; PARVUM; CYTOKINES;
   QUANTITATION; OUTBREAK; HUMANS
AB For the first time, a multiplex h ad assay (MBA) was used to assay oral fluid and serum specimens for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to specific Cryptosporidium parvum antigens that were coupled to polystyrene beads. Recombinant C parvum 17- and 27-kDa antigens (r17 and r27, respectively) both linked with glutathione-S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins, native 17-kDa antigen, and GST alone were each coupled to microspheres that could be differentiated based on variable amounts of internally incorporated red fluorescent dye. Initial and follow-up serum and oral fluid specimens from a 1997 cryptosporidiosis outbreak in Spokane, Washington, were incubated with the coupled beads. Antibodies bound to the coupled beads were detected using biotinylated monoclonal anti-human IgG antibody and streptavidin-labeled r-phycoerythrin. Fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry. For the 3 C. parvum antigens, the median of the mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) was significantly higher (P < 0.03) in the initial specimens than in the follow-up specimens. No significant change in IgG responses to GST in oral fluids or serum specimens was observed. For all Cryptosporidium antigens, the MFI in the initial serum specimens correlated with the MFI in the initial oral fluid specimens (P < 0.001, r > 0.673). For the recombinant antigens used in the MBA, the MFI correlated with the response as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that used r17 and r27 expressed without the GST fusion partner (P < 0.001, r > 0.854). MBA using sera or more conveniently collected oral fluids, especially from children, may be an option for immunodiagnosis of C. parvum infection and for prospective epidemiological studies designed to monitor infection risk.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Moss, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM dmm3@cdc.gov
NR 19
TC 21
Z9 25
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-3395
J9 J PARASITOL
JI J. Parasitol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 90
IS 2
BP 397
EP 404
DI 10.1645/GE-3267
PG 8
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 819YH
UT WOS:000221351800028
PM 15165066
ER

PT J
AU Dubey, JP
   Morales, ES
   Lehmann, T
AF Dubey, JP
   Morales, ES
   Lehmann, T
TI Isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii from free-ranging chickens
   from Mexico
SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BRAZIL
AB The prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in free-ranging chickens is a good indicator of the presence of T. gondii oocysts in the environment because chickens feed from the soil. In the present study, prevalence of T. gondii in 208 free-range chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Mexico was investigated. Blood, heart, and brain from each animal were obtained to test for T. gondii infection. Antibodies to T gondii, assayed with the modified agglutination test (1:10 or higher), were found in 13 (6.2%) chickens. Hearts and brains of 13 seropositive chickens were bioassayed in mice, and T. gondii was isolated from 6 chickens. All 6 isolates were avirulent for mice. Genotyping of chicken isolates of T. gondii using the SAG2 locus indicated that 5 were type III and 1 was type I. This is the first report of isolation of T. gondii from chickens from Mexico.
C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med Vet & Zooten, Dept Patol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico.
RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Anim Parasit Dis Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov
NR 12
TC 35
Z9 40
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0022-3395
J9 J PARASITOL
JI J. Parasitol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 90
IS 2
BP 411
EP 413
DI 10.1645/GE-194R
PG 3
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 819YH
UT WOS:000221351800032
PM 15165070
ER

PT J
AU Mills, JL
   Schonberger, LB
   Wysowski, DK
   Brown, P
   Durako, SJ
   Cox, C
   Kong, FH
   Fradkin, JE
AF Mills, JL
   Schonberger, LB
   Wysowski, DK
   Brown, P
   Durako, SJ
   Cox, C
   Kong, FH
   Fradkin, JE
TI Long-term, mortality in the united states cohort of pituitary-derived
   growth hormone recipients
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB-DISEASE; CHILDREN; THERAPY; DEFICIENCY
AB Objective Patients who received pituitary-derived growth hormone (GH) are at excess risk of mortality from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. We investigated whether they were at increased risk of death from other conditions, particularly preventable conditions.
   Study design A cohort (N = 6107) from known US pituitary-derived GH recipients (treated 1963-1985) was studied. Deaths were identified by reports from physicians and parents and the National Death Index. Rates were compared with the expected rates for the US population standardized for race, age, and sex.
   Results There were 433 deaths versus 114 expected (relative risk [RR], 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4-4.2; P < .0001) from 1963 through 1996. Risk was increased in subjects with GH deficiency caused by any tumor (RR, 10.4; 95% CI, 9.1-12.0; P < .0001). Surprisingly, subjects with hypoglycemia treated within the first 6 months of life were at extremely high risk (RR, 18.3; 95% CI, 9.2-32.8; P < .0001), as were all subjects with adrenal insufficiency (RR, 7.1; 95% CI, 6.2-8.2; P < .0001). A quarter of all deaths were sudden and unexpected. Of the 26 cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, four cases have died since 2000.
   Conclusions The death rate in pituitary-derived GH recipients was almost four times the expected rate. Replacing pituitary derived GH with recombinant GH has eliminated only the risk of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Hypoglycemia and adrenal insufficiency accounted for far more mortality than Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The large number of potentially preventable deaths in patients with adrenal insufficiency and hypo glycemia underscores the importance of early intervention when infection occurs in patients with adrenal insufficiency, and aggressive treatment of panhypopituitarism.
C1 NINDS, NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   NIDDKD, NIH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Mills, JL (reprint author), NICHD, Pediat Epidemiol Sect, NIH, DHHS, 6100 Bldg Room 7B03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM jamesmills@nih.gov
NR 14
TC 72
Z9 73
U1 0
U2 2
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 144
IS 4
BP 430
EP 436
DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.12.036
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 811GO
UT WOS:000220760600015
PM 15069388
ER

PT J
AU Brener, ND
   Kann, L
   McManus, T
   Stevenson, B
   Wooley, SF
AF Brener, ND
   Kann, L
   McManus, T
   Stevenson, B
   Wooley, SF
TI The relationship between school health councils and school health
   policies and programs in US schools
SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
AB This study analyzed data from the School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2000 to examine the relationship between school health councils and selected school health policies and programs. SHPPS 2000 collected data from faculty and staff in a nationally representative sample of schools. About two-thirds (65.7%) of US schools have school health councils. Schools with councils were significantly more likely than schools without councils to report policies and programs related to health services, mental health and social services, faculty, and staff health promotion, and family and community involvement. Schools with councils were as likely as schools without councils to report policies and programs related to health education, physical education, and food service. Although school health councils are associated with the presence of some key school health policies and programs, a council does not guarantee a school will have all important school health policies and programs in place.
C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDCP, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
   Amer Sch Hlth Assoc, Kent, OH 44240 USA.
RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDCP, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, MS K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM nadl@cdc.gov
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC
PI KENT
PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA
SN 0022-4391
J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH
JI J. Sch. Health
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 74
IS 4
BP 130
EP 135
PG 6
WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines;
   Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services;
   Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 820UX
UT WOS:000221416100004
PM 15193003
ER

PT J
AU Weinstein, SJ
   Vogt, TM
   Gerrior, SA
AF Weinstein, SJ
   Vogt, TM
   Gerrior, SA
TI Healthy Eating Index scores are associated with blood nutrient
   concentrations in the third national health and nutrition examination
   survey
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID GUIDELINES-FOR-AMERICANS; MAJOR CHRONIC DISEASE; DIET QUALITY INDEX;
   PLASMA CAROTENOIDS; VEGETABLE INTAKE; SUPPLEMENT USE; ENERGY-INTAKE;
   OLDER ADULTS; VITAMIN-C; FRUIT
AB Objectives The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a summary measure of dietary quality, based on a 100-point scale. Our objectives were to assess the HEI as a measure of dietary status through its correlation with nutritional biomarkers and to identify those biomarkers most associated with diet quality and healthful food intake patterns.
   Design National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III, 1988-94.
   Subjects Adults ( greater than or equal to17 years) with calculated HEI scores and blood nutrient data (n=16,467).
   Statistical Analyses Performed Weighted crude and partial Pearson correlation coefficients (r) between HEI scores and blood nutrients were calculated. Geometric mean blood nutrient concentrations were calculated for five HEI score categories (ranging from less than or equal to50 to >80).
   Results HEI score was positively correlated with serum (r=0.25) and red blood cell (r=0.27) folate, serum vitamins C (r=0.30) and E (r=0.21), and all serum carotenoids except lycopene (r=0.17 to 0.27). These blood nutrient concentrations were 21% to 175% higher for participants in the highest HEI score group (>80) compared with those in the lowest group (less than or equal to50). Mean HEI scores were significantly (P<.0001) greater among the 42% of participants who took dietary supplements. Most correlations were attenuated when adjusted for additional factors.
   Conclusions HEI score is correlated with a wide range of blood nutrients; the strongest relationships are with biomarkers of fruit and vegetable intake. These results are an important step in the validation of the HEI, emphasizing its potential as a tool for nutrition and health studies.
C1 USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA.
   NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Gerrior, SA (reprint author), USDA, Ctr Nutr Policy & Promot, 3101 Pk Ctr Dr, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA.
EM shirley.gerrior@cnpp.usda.gov
NR 55
TC 77
Z9 81
U1 0
U2 12
PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA
SN 0002-8223
J9 J AM DIET ASSOC
JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 104
IS 4
BP 576
EP 584
DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.005
PG 9
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 809KE
UT WOS:000220634800016
PM 15054343
ER

PT J
AU Pulford, D
   Meyer, H
   Brightwell, G
   Damon, I
   Kline, R
   Ulaeto, D
AF Pulford, D
   Meyer, H
   Brightwell, G
   Damon, I
   Kline, R
   Ulaeto, D
TI Amplification refractory mutation system PCR assays for the detection of
   variola and Orthopoxvirus
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
LA English
DT Article
DE ARMS; variola virus; Orthopoxvirus; detection
ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; VACCINIA VIRUS; GENOMIC SEQUENCE; TERMINAL
   REGION; SMALLPOX VIRUS; CAMELPOX VIRUS; HEPATITIS-B; DNA; STRAIN;
   DIFFERENTIATION
AB PCR assays that can identify the presence of variola virus (VARV) sequences in an unknown DNA sample were developed using principles established for the amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). The assay's specificity utilised unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified among Orthopoxvirus (OPV) orthologs of the vaccinia virus Copenhagen strain A13L and A36R genes. When a variola virus specific primer was used with a consensus primer in an ARMS assay with different Orthopoxvirus genomes, a PCR product was only amplified from variola virus DNA. Incorporating a second consensus primer into the assay produced a multiplex PCR that provided Orthopoxvirus generic and variola-specific products with variola virus DNA. We tested two single nucleotide polymorphisms with a panel of 43 variola virus strains, collected over 40 years from countries across the world, and have shown that they provide reliable markers for variola virus identification. The variola virus specific primers did not produce amplicons with either assay format when tested with 50 other Orthopoxvirus DNA samples. Our analysis shows that these two polymorphisms were conserved in variola virus genomes and provide a reliable signature of Orthopoxvirus species identification. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 DSTL Porton Down, Biomed Sci, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England.
   German Armed Forces, Inst Microbiol, D-80937 Munich, Germany.
   Salisbury Dist Hosp, Wessex Reg Genet Lab, Salisbury, Wilts, England.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept Hlth & Human Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Pulford, D (reprint author), DSTL Porton Down, Biomed Sci, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, Wilts, England.
EM davidpulford@hotmail.com
OI Pulford, David/0000-0001-5955-2991
NR 38
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-0934
J9 J VIROL METHODS
JI J. Virol. Methods
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 117
IS 1
BP 81
EP 90
DI 10.1016/j.jviromet.2004.01.001
PG 10
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Virology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
   Virology
GA 804ZN
UT WOS:000220336700010
PM 15019263
ER

PT J
AU Chen, MH
   Icenogle, JP
AF Chen, MH
   Icenogle, JP
TI Rubella virus capsid protein modulates viral genome replication and
   virus infectivity
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN;
   NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS; IN-VIVO; BINDING; DOMAIN; CELLS; IDENTIFICATION;
   LOCALIZATION
AB The structural proteins (SP) of the Togaviridae can be deleted in defective interfering RNAs. The dispensability of viral SP has allowed construction of noninfectious viral expression vectors and replicons from viruses of the Alphavirus and Rubivirus genera. Nevertheless, in this study, we found that the SP of rubella virus (RUB) could enhance expression of reporter genes from RUB replicons in trans. SP enhancement required capsid protein (CP) expression and was not due to RNA-RNA recombination. Accumulation of minus- and plus-strand RNAs from replicons was observed in the presence of SP, suggesting that SP specifically affects RNA synthesis. By using replicons containing an antibiotic resistance gene, we found 2- to 50-fold increases in the number of cells surviving selection in the presence of SP. The increases depended significantly on the amount of transfected RNA. Small amounts of RNA or templates that replicated inefficiently showed more enhancement. The infectivity of infectious RNA was increased by at least 10-fold in cells expressing CP. Moreover, virus infectivity was greatly enhanced in such cells. In other cells that expressed higher levels of CP, RNA replication of replicons was inhibited. Thus, depending on conditions, CP can markedly enhance or inhibit RUB RNA replication.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Icenogle, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM jci1@cdc.gov
NR 33
TC 28
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0022-538X
J9 J VIROL
JI J. Virol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 78
IS 8
BP 4314
EP 4322
DI 10.1128/JVI.78.8.4314-4322.2004
PG 9
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 809MU
UT WOS:000220641600050
PM 15047844
ER

PT J
AU Towner, JS
   Rollin, PE
   Bausch, DG
   Sanchez, A
   Crary, SM
   Vincent, M
   Lee, WF
   Spiropoulou, CF
   Ksiazek, TG
   Lukwiya, M
   Kaducu, F
   Downing, R
   Nichol, ST
AF Towner, JS
   Rollin, PE
   Bausch, DG
   Sanchez, A
   Crary, SM
   Vincent, M
   Lee, WF
   Spiropoulou, CF
   Ksiazek, TG
   Lukwiya, M
   Kaducu, F
   Downing, R
   Nichol, ST
TI Rapid diagnosis of Ebola hemorrhagic fever by reverse transcription-PCR
   in an outbreak setting and assessment of patient viral load as a
   predictor of outcome
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CLINICAL VIROLOGY; RT-PCR; VIRUS; CONGO; SEQUENCE; PRIMATES; DISEASE;
   KIKWIT; RNA
AB The largest outbreak on record of Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF) occurred in Uganda from August 2000 to January 2001. The outbreak was centered in the Gulu district of northern Uganda, with secondary transmission to other districts. After the initial diagnosis of Sudan ebolavirus by the National Institute for Virology in Johannesburg, South Africa, a temporary diagnostic laboratory was established within the Gulu district at St. Mary's Lacor Hospital. The laboratory used antigen capture and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) to diagnose Sudan ebolavirus infection in suspect patients. The RT-PCR and antigen-capture diagnostic assays proved very effective for detecting ebolavirus in patient serum, plasma, and whole blood. In samples collected very early in the course of infection, the RT-PCR assay could detect ebolavirus 24 to 48 h prior to detection by antigen capture. More than 1,000 blood samples were collected, with multiple samples obtained from many patients throughout the course of infection. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the viral load in multiple samples from patients with fatal and nonfatal cases, and these data were correlated with the disease outcome. RNA copy levels in patients who died averaged 2 log(10) higher than those in patients who survived. Using clinical material from multiple EHF patients, we sequenced the variable region of the glycoprotein. This Sudan ebolavirus strain was not derived from either the earlier Boniface (1976) or Maleo (1979) strain, but it shares a common ancestor with both. Furthermore, both sequence and epidemiologic data are consistent with the outbreak having originated from a single introduction into the human population.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Depauw Univ, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA.
   St Marys Lacor Hosp, Gulu, Uganda.
   Gulu Reg Hosp, Gulu, Uganda.
   Uganda Virus Res Inst, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entebbe, Uganda.
RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM stn1@cdc.gov
NR 22
TC 250
Z9 273
U1 2
U2 53
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0022-538X
EI 1098-5514
J9 J VIROL
JI J. Virol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 78
IS 8
BP 4330
EP 4341
DI 10.1128/JVI.78.8.4330-4341.2004
PG 12
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 809MU
UT WOS:000220641600052
PM 15047846
ER

PT J
AU Dunn, JR
   Keen, JE
   Moreland, D
   Thompson, RA
AF Dunn, JR
   Keen, JE
   Moreland, D
   Thompson, RA
TI Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 in white-tailed deer from
   Louisiana
SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Escherichia coli O157 : H7; fecal shedding; foodborne disease;
   Odocoileus virginianus; prevalence; seasonal; white-tailed deer
ID MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAYS; SHIGA TOXIN; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CATTLE;
   STRAINS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; DISEASES; MEAT
AB Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC O157) is an important zoonosis. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been implicated in transmission of this bacterium to humans and have been suggested as reservoirs that might affect carriage in cattle populations. Our study objectives were to estimate prevalence of EC O157 in feces of hunter-harvested deer and to describe fecal shedding patterns in a captive herd sampled over 1 yr. Prevalence of EC O157 in hunter-harvested deer was 0.3% (n=338). In August 2001, EC O157 was detected in one of 55 deer (1.8%) from the captive herd. Prevalence over the 1-yr period was 0.4% (n=226). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was rarely isolated from hunter-harvested deer during the winter. We could not describe a seasonal shedding pattern based on one positive sample in the captive herd. These data do not support a prominent role of deer as a reservoir for EC O157 for cattle or humans.
C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   USDA ARS, Meat Anim Res Ctr, Clay Ctr, NE 68933 USA.
   Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70808 USA.
RP Dunn, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM Jdunn1@cdc.gov
NR 26
TC 29
Z9 31
U1 2
U2 7
PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA
SN 0090-3558
J9 J WILDLIFE DIS
JI J. Wildl. Dis.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 40
IS 2
BP 361
EP 365
PG 5
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 836JY
UT WOS:000222553000029
PM 15362843
ER

PT J
AU Schmidt, JV
   Kroger, AT
   Roy, SL
AF Schmidt, JV
   Kroger, AT
   Roy, SL
TI Vaccines in women
SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
AB Women's healthcare providers are encouraged to incorporate immunizations into their clients' care. Because women often rely on their healthcare provider for primary and preventive care, that provider may dramatically improve clients' quality of life by decreasing the risk of vaccine-preventable diseases. Women often assume responsibility for the entire family's health, and educating women can prevent disease in the household. Women's healthcare providers should offer and promote these vaccines: hepatitis B, varicella, measles/mumps/rubella, and combined tetanus/diphtheria toxoids for adolescent and young adult women, inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy, and pneumococcal, influenza, and tetanus/diphtheria vaccines for the adult or elderly woman. Education should include the importance of vaccines and the rationale for their necessity during each stage of life. Several strategies for implementing and supporting an immunization program have been shown to improve adult immunization rates. These include employing such protocols as standing orders, screening for adult immunizations at each office encounter, and using previously developed immunization documentation forms. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommendations, vaccine information statements (VIS), and storage and handling guidelines are readily available at low or no cost through CDC and professional organizations or immunization interest group websites. The current adult vaccine schedule assists providers to determine the need for vaccines by displaying graphically both age and medical risk factors.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Schmidt, JV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM JSchmidt1@cdc.gov; AKroger@cdc.gov
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA
SN 1540-9996
J9 J WOMENS HEALTH
JI J. Womens Health
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 13
IS 3
BP 249
EP 257
DI 10.1089/154099904323016400
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal
   Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies
GA 820PC
UT WOS:000221400800001
PM 15130253
ER

PT J
AU Padhye, AA
   Karpati, A
   Rosenthal, SA
   Punithalingam, E
AF Padhye, AA
   Karpati, A
   Rosenthal, SA
   Punithalingam, E
TI Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycotic abscess caused by Pleurophomopsis
   lignicola
SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE amphotericin B; immunocompromized patient with AIDS; Pleurophomopsis
   lignicola; subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis; surgical intervention;
   treatment-early diagnosis
AB A 41-year-old man with a past medical history of diabetes mellitus type II, AIDS (diagnosed 2 years earlier; CD4 count < 10), peripheral neuropathy, and pulmonary tuberculosis of 2 years duration was admitted to the hospital with abnormal liver function tests. There was a chronic hepatitis/cholestasis that had worsened while the patient was undergoing directly observed tuberculosis therapy. On admission, the patient complained of a painful swelling on his right arm. In the posterior aspect of the arm, there was a 3-4-cm subcutaneous mass that was fluctuant, mobile and tender. Incision of the mass released yellowish pus mixed with blood. Direct examination of the pus in KOH mounts and Gram-stained smears revealed subhyaline, septate, branched hyphae. When the pus was cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol, several velvety, olivaceous grey colonies grew after 7 days at 25&DEG;C. When grown on oatmeal agar, the fungus produced subglobose, rostrate pycnidia with phialidic conidiogenous cells, and 1-celled cylindrical conidia. It was identified as Pleurophomopsis lignicola Petrak. This report describes the third known case of subcutaneous infection caused by P. lignicola in an immuno-compromized patient.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   NYU Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA.
   Royal Bot Gardens, Mycol Sect, Surrey, England.
RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), 2956 Windfield Circle, Tucker, GA 30084 USA.
EM aapadhye@msn.com
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1369-3786
J9 MED MYCOL
JI Med. Mycol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 2
BP 129
EP 134
DI 10.1080/13693780310001644707
PG 6
WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 812NL
UT WOS:000220846100005
PM 15124866
ER

PT J
AU Hancock, K
   Pattabhi, S
   Greene, RM
   Yushak, ML
   Williams, F
   Khan, A
   Priest, JW
   Levine, MZ
   Tsang, VCW
AF Hancock, K
   Pattabhi, S
   Greene, RM
   Yushak, ML
   Williams, F
   Khan, A
   Priest, JW
   Levine, MZ
   Tsang, VCW
TI Characterization and cloning of GP50, a Taenia solium antigen diagnostic
   for cysticercosis (vol 133, pg 115, 2004)
SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Correction
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Univ Illinois, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
   Temple Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA.
RP Hancock, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 23,Room 1001,Mail Stop F-13,4770 Buford High, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM khancock@cdc.gov
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-6851
J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT
JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 134
IS 2
BP 285
EP 285
DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2004.02.001
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology
GA 806FM
UT WOS:000220419800012
ER

PT J
AU Henningfield, JE
   Pankow, JF
   Garrett, BE
AF Henningfield, JE
   Pankow, JF
   Garrett, BE
TI Ammonia and other chemical base tobacco additives and cigarette nicotine
   delivery: Issues and research needs
SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Sch Sci & Engn, OGI, Dept Environm & Biomol Syst, Portland, OR USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Henningfield, JE (reprint author), Pinney Associates Inc, 4800 Montgomery Lane,Suite 1000, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.
EM jhenning@pinneyassociates.com
FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01-DA10906-02]
NR 34
TC 32
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1462-2203
J9 NICOTINE TOB RES
JI Nicotine Tob. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 6
IS 2
BP 199
EP 205
PG 7
WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 822AJ
UT WOS:000221505400002
PM 15203793
ER

PT J
AU Blair, JM
   Hanson, DL
   Jones, JL
   Dworkin, MS
AF Blair, JM
   Hanson, DL
   Jones, JL
   Dworkin, MS
CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum of HIV
TI Trends in pregnancy rates among women with human immunodeficiency virus
SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HIV-INFECTED WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; DECISIONS; DIAGNOSIS; KNOWLEDGE;
   CONTINUE; COHORT; BIRTH
AB OBJECTIVE: To describe factors associated with pregnancy and trends in pregnancy rates among women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) before and after the release of U.S. Public Health Service Guidelines for the Use of Zidovudine and the Increased Availability of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy.
   METHODS: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women aged 15 to 44 years who were enrolled in die Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project, a medical records cohort study of HIV-infected persons conducted in more than 100 U.S. health care facilities.
   RESULTS: Among 8,857 women, there were 1,185 incident pregnancies during 21,617 person-years of follow-up from 1992 through 2001. Pregnancy rate at enrollment was 16%; thereafter, an average of 5.5% of women became pregnant annually. Pregnancies were more likely to occur in women aged 15 to 24 years (adjusted rate ratio [RR] 9.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] 7.4, 11.3) and 25 to 34 years (adjusted RR 4.0; 95% CI 3.3, 4.9) than in women aged 35 to 44 years. Pregnancies were less likely to occur in women with a history of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-opportunistic illness (adjusted RR 0.4; 95% CI 0.3, 0.5) or a CD4 count below 200 cells/muL and no opportunistic illness (adjusted RR 0.6; 95% CI 0.5, 0.7) than in women with HIV but not AIDS. Higher rates of pregnancy were observed for women prescribed highly active antiretroviral therapy (adjusted RR 1.3; 95% CI 1.0, 1.6) than women prescribed other regimens of antiretroviral therapy. There were significantly higher rates of pregnancy during 1997 through 2001.
   CONCLUSION: The increase in pregnancy rates during the era of widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy illustrates the continued need for comprehensive prevention and treatment services. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA.
   CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epdiemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Blair, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM JBlair@cdc.gov
NR 22
TC 49
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0029-7844
J9 OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Obstet. Gynecol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 103
IS 4
BP 663
EP 668
DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000117083.33239.b5
PG 6
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 875IO
UT WOS:000225413900010
PM 15051556
ER

PT J
AU Bartlett, LA
   Berg, CJ
   Shulman, HB
   Zane, SB
   Green, CA
   Whitehead, S
   Atrash, HK
AF Bartlett, LA
   Berg, CJ
   Shulman, HB
   Zane, SB
   Green, CA
   Whitehead, S
   Atrash, HK
TI Risk factors for legal induced abortion-related mortality in the United
   States
SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTICENTER TRIAL; SERVICES; MIFEPRISTONE; PREGNANCY; IMPACT;
   ACCEPTABILITY; MISOPROSTOL
AB OBJECTIVE: To assess risk factors for legal induced abortion-related deaths.
   METHODS: This is a descriptive epidemiologic study of women dying of complications of induced abortions. Numerator data are from the Abortion Mortality Surveillance System. Denominator data are from the Abortion Surveillance System, which monitors the number and characteristics of women who have legal induced abortions in the United States. Risk factors examined include age of the woman, gestational length of pregnancy at the time of termination, race, and procedure. Main outcome measures include crude, adjusted, and risk factor-specific mortality rates.
   RESULTS: During 1988-1997, the overall death rate for women obtaining legally induced abortions was 0.7 per 100,000 legal induced abortions. The risk of death increased exponentially by 38% for each additional week of gestation. Compared with women whose abortions were performed at or before 8 weeks of gestation, women whose abortions were performed in the second trimester were significantly more likely to die of abortion-related causes. The relative risk (unadjusted) of abortion-related mortality was 14.7 at 13-15 weeks of gestation (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.2, 34.7), 29.5 at 16-20 weeks (95% CI 12.9, 67.4), and 76.6 at or after 21 weeks (95% CI 32.5,180.8). Up to 87% of deaths in women who chose to terminate their pregnancies after 8 weeks of gestation may have been avoidable if these women had accessed abortion services before 8 weeks of gestation.
   CONCLUSION: Although primary prevention of unintended pregnancy is optimal, among women who choose to terminate their pregnancies, increased access to surgical and nonsurgical abortion services may increase the proportion of abortions performed at lower-risk, early gestational ages and help further decrease deaths. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Informat Technol Stat & Surveillance Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Appl Sci Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Bartlett, LA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Maternal & Infant Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS-K-23, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM LBartlett@CDC.gov
NR 30
TC 179
Z9 186
U1 1
U2 8
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0029-7844
J9 OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Obstet. Gynecol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 103
IS 4
BP 729
EP 737
DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000116260.81570.60
PG 9
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 875IO
UT WOS:000225413900020
PM 15051566
ER

PT J
AU Jamieson, DJ
   Cono, J
   Richards, CL
   Treadwell, TA
AF Jamieson, DJ
   Cono, J
   Richards, CL
   Treadwell, TA
TI The role of the obstetrician-gynecologist in emerging infectious
   diseases: Monkeypox and pregnancy
SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID OUTBREAK; CONGO
AB Early in June 2003, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced yet another unique infectious disease outbreak, the first evidence of community-acquired monkeypox in the United States. By July 8, 2003, a total of 71 cases had been reported to CDC from 6 states. When emerging infectious diseases are reported in the United States, particularly when these reports receive widespread media attention, obstetrician-gynecologists may be called upon to rapidly respond to queries from their patients and to address certain infectious disease risks within their clinical practices. In addition, obstetrician-gynecologists may have specific concerns about the implications for an infectious disease outbreak, such as monkeypox, for pregnant women. Therefore, it is important that obstetrician-gynecologists know how to gather up-to-date and accurate information about infectious disease outbreaks and that they be familiar with the public health response system for responding to such outbreaks. . (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM djj0@cdc.gov
NR 15
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0029-7844
J9 OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Obstet. Gynecol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 103
IS 4
BP 754
EP 756
DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000114987.76424.6d
PG 3
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 875IO
UT WOS:000225413900023
PM 15051569
ER

PT J
AU Wong, GC
   Bernaards, CA
   Berman, BA
   Jones, C
   Bernert, JT
AF Wong, GC
   Bernaards, CA
   Berman, BA
   Jones, C
   Bernert, JT
TI Do children with asthma and their parents agree on household ETS
   exposure? Implications for asthma management
SO PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING
LA English
DT Article
DE asthma management; environmental tobacco smoke; minority; low-income
ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; PASSIVE SMOKING;
   CIGARETTE-SMOKING; URINARY COTININE; SCHOOL-CHILDREN; HEALTH-SERVICES;
   POPULATION; TRENDS; CITY
AB The adverse consequences of passive smoking have spurred efforts to reduce environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure among children, particularly in the home. For children with asthma, teaching them to avoid tobacco smoke at home is an important element of patient self-management. This strategy assumes that children can accurately assess household smoking behaviors and the level of their own exposure in the home. This study compared child and parental assessments of household smoking behaviors in an urban, low-income and largely ethnic minority sample of asthmatic children and their parents. While there was general parent-child agreement on the smoking status of household members, there was less agreement on duration of household smoking and the child's exposure to ETS. Objective validation measures (cotinine, nicotine) suggest that parents were better able than their children to assess hours of indoor smoking. Children's assessment of the extent of exposure to ETS may be problematic, with important implications for asthma patient self-management efforts. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Canc Prevent & Control Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   Univ Calif Los Angeles, Div Canc Prevent & Control Res, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   Univ So Calif, Med Ctr, Los Angeles Cty, Div Allergy & Immunol, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   NCEH, Div Sci Lab, Air Toxicants Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Wong, GC (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Canc Prevent & Control Res, A2-125 CHS,Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM clrvu@ucla.edu
FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL53957]
NR 40
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0738-3991
J9 PATIENT EDUC COUNS
JI Patient Educ. Couns.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 53
IS 1
BP 19
EP 25
DI 10.1016/S0738-3991(03)00123-X
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences,
   Interdisciplinary
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other
   Topics
GA 816VB
UT WOS:000221136300004
PM 15062900
ER

PT J
AU Thomas, AR
   Fiore, AE
   Corwith, HL
   Cieslak, PR
   Margolis, HS
AF Thomas, AR
   Fiore, AE
   Corwith, HL
   Cieslak, PR
   Margolis, HS
TI Hepatitis B vaccine coverage among infants born to women without
   prenatal screening for hepatitis B virus infection: effects of the Joint
   Statement on Thimerosal in Vaccines
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE hepatitis B (prevention and control); hepatitis B vaccine; thimerosal;
   immunization programs
ID RECOMMENDATIONS; IMPACT; MERCURY
AB Background. As a result of controversy about mercury exposures from vaccines containing thimerosal, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the US Public Health Service recommended in July 1999 that the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine be deferred until 2 to 6 months of age, but only for infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative women. We investigated the effect of these recommendation changes on the management of Oregon infants born to women whose HBsAg status was "unknown."
   Methods. Infants were identified by reviewing electronic birth certificate data from 34 Oregon hospitals during (1)April through June 1999 [before recommendation changes (T1)], (2) August through October 1999 [after recommendations changes (T2)] and (3) April through June 2000 [when resumption of pre-1999 practices were recommended (T3)]. We verified maternal HBsAg screening and newborn hepatitis B vaccination by chart review.
   Results. We identified 147 infants born to women who were not screened for HBsAg. During T1, 27% of infants born to mothers of unknown HBsAg status were vaccinated within 12 h of birth, and 80% were vaccinated before hospital discharge. This decreased to 2 and 4%, respectively, during T2 and continued to remain lower during T3.
   Conclusion. Hepatitis B vaccine coverage for infants born to unscreened women declined significantly after the July 1999 announcement and remained significantly lower 10 to 12 months later. When changes are made in established vaccination practices, policy makers should ensure that such changes are not misinterpreted, resulting in failure to immunize appropriate groups.
C1 Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Thomas, AR (reprint author), Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, 800 NE Oregon St,Suite 772, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
EM ann.thomas@state.or.us
NR 19
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0891-3668
EI 1532-0987
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 23
IS 4
BP 313
EP 318
DI 10.1097/00006454-200404000-00007
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA 812YD
UT WOS:000220873900006
PM 15071284
ER

PT J
AU Watson, JT
   Gerber, SI
AF Watson, JT
   Gerber, SI
TI West Nile virus: A brief review
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID NEW-YORK; ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Chicago Dept Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA.
RP Watson, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 15
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0891-3668
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 23
IS 4
BP 357
EP 358
DI 10.1097/00006454-200404000-00017
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA 812YD
UT WOS:000220873900016
PM 15071294
ER

PT J
AU Redding, G
   Singleton, R
   Lewis, T
   Martinez, P
   Butler, J
   Stamey, D
   Bulkow, L
   Peters, H
   Gove, J
   Morray, B
   Jones, C
AF Redding, G
   Singleton, R
   Lewis, T
   Martinez, P
   Butler, J
   Stamey, D
   Bulkow, L
   Peters, H
   Gove, J
   Morray, B
   Jones, C
TI Early radiographic and clinical features associated with bronchlectasis
   in children
SO PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Alaska native children; chronic bronchiectasis; radiographs; RSV
ID ALASKA NATIVE CHILDREN; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS;
   STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ESKIMO CHILDREN; BRONCHIECTASIS; DISEASE;
   LUNG; INTERVENTION; ILLNESS; ASTHMA
AB Bronchiectasis among children living in developing regions is associated with respiratory infections during early childhood, but specific risk factors that precede childhood bronchiectasis are not fully characterized. We hypothesized that severe respiratory syncytial viral (RSV) infection in infancy would increase the risk of bronchiectasis among Alaska Native children in rural Alaska. This was a follow-up cohort study of a 1993-1996 case-control study of RSV-hospitalized case patients and their controls. For each 5-8-year-old former case-patient and control subject, we reviewed medical records, interviewed parents, performed physical examinations and spirometry, collected sera, and analyzed all historical chest radiographs. Ten (11%) RSV cases and 10 (9%) controls had radiographic evidence of bronchiectasis. The mean age at radiographic diagnosis of bronchiectasis was 3.3 years (range, 1.2-6.1 years). Children were more likely to develop bronchiectasis if their chest radiographs, when they were < 2 years of age, showed lung parenchymal densities (RR = 3.9, P < 0.013), persistent parenchymal densities > 6 months' duration (RR = 3.0, P = 0.02), or infiltrates on multiple episodes (test for trend, P = 0.003). Radiographic features of hyperinflation and atelectasis among children < 2 years old were not associated with eventual bronchiectasis. A single severe infection with RSV alone did not predispose Alaska Native infants to bronchiectasis. Childhood bronchiectasis was associated with lung and hence airway injury, manifested on radiographs by parenchymal densities or "pneumonia" rather than by hyperinflation or atelectasis. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Pediat Pulm Div, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA.
   Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA.
   Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   Yukon Kuskokwin Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA.
   Rockford Allergy Clin, Chicago, IL USA.
RP Redding, G (reprint author), Childrens Hosp, Pediat Pulm Div, 3D-4,4800 Sant Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA.
EM gredding@u.washington.edu
NR 39
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 8755-6863
J9 PEDIATR PULM
JI Pediatr. Pulmonol.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 37
IS 4
BP 297
EP 304
DI 10.1002/ppul.10427
PG 8
WC Pediatrics; Respiratory System
SC Pediatrics; Respiratory System
GA 809FW
UT WOS:000220623600003
PM 15022125
ER

PT J
AU Mitchell, DK
   Walter, JE
   Jiang, X
   Guerrero, ML
   Meinzen-Derr, J
   Primeggia, J
   Pickering, LK
   Altaye, M
   Ruiz-Palacios, G
   Morrow, AL
AF Mitchell, DK
   Walter, JE
   Jiang, X
   Guerrero, ML
   Meinzen-Derr, J
   Primeggia, J
   Pickering, LK
   Altaye, M
   Ruiz-Palacios, G
   Morrow, AL
TI Molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus infections among children in
   a cohort study in Mexico City
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
   Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.
   Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA.
RI Meinzen-Derr, Jareen/N-4805-2015; Altaye, Mekibib/N-5274-2015
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 327
BP 58A
EP 58A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591100344
ER

PT J
AU Walter, JE
   Afflerbach, C
   Jiang, X
   Matson, DO
   Pickering, LK
   Guerrero, ML
   Ruiz-Palacios, G
   Mitchell, DK
AF Walter, JE
   Afflerbach, C
   Jiang, X
   Matson, DO
   Pickering, LK
   Guerrero, ML
   Ruiz-Palacios, G
   Mitchell, DK
TI Characterization of a novel astrovirus from Mexican children
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.
   Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, DF, Mexico.
   Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 328
BP 58A
EP 58A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591100345
ER

PT J
AU Myrick, AM
   Rickert, D
   Yusuf, H
   Schwartz, B
AF Myrick, AM
   Rickert, D
   Yusuf, H
   Schwartz, B
TI Are provider concerns regarding vaccine safety associated with
   immunization delay in children?
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 963
BP 171A
EP 171A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591100995
ER

PT J
AU Lara, M
   Akinbami, E
   Flores, G
   Morgenstern, F
AF Lara, M
   Akinbami, E
   Flores, G
   Morgenstern, F
TI Heterogeneity of childhood asthma among Hispanics: the disproportionate
   burden among Puerto Ricans
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, RAND Program Latino Childrens Asthma, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
   Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA.
   Childrens Hosp Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA.
   Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 970
BP 172A
EP 172A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101002
ER

PT J
AU Dabelea, D
   Lawrence, J
   Pihoker, C
   Rodriguez, B
   Standiford, D
   Mayer-Davis, E
   Bell, R
   Liu, L
   Imperatore, G
AF Dabelea, D
   Lawrence, J
   Pihoker, C
   Rodriguez, B
   Standiford, D
   Mayer-Davis, E
   Bell, R
   Liu, L
   Imperatore, G
TI Challenges in classification of diabetes type in children: The SEARCH
   for diabetes in youth study
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA.
   Kaiser Permanente So Calif, Res & Evaluat, Pasadena, CA USA.
   Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA.
   Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Endocrinol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.
   Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
   Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
   Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 975
BP 173A
EP 173A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101007
ER

PT J
AU Smith, PJ
   Chu, SY
   Barker, LF
AF Smith, PJ
   Chu, SY
   Barker, LF
TI Unvaccinated children: Who are they, and where do they live?
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 991
BP 175A
EP 176A
PN 2
PG 2
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101023
ER

PT J
AU Hambidge, SJ
   Phibbs, S
   Davidson, AJ
   LeBaron, C
   Steiner, JF
AF Hambidge, SJ
   Phibbs, S
   Davidson, AJ
   LeBaron, C
   Steiner, JF
TI Risk factors for infant under-utilization of well child care in an urban
   health care system
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Denver Hlth, Pediat Family Med & Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA.
   UCHSC, Colorado Hlth Outcomes Program, Denver, CO USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1083
BP 192A
EP 192A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101115
ER

PT J
AU Stokley, S
   Santoli, JM
   Barker, L
   Willis, B
AF Stokley, S
   Santoli, JM
   Barker, L
   Willis, B
TI Vaccination status of children enrolled in State Children's Health
   Insurance Program (SCHIP)
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1130
BP 200A
EP 200A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101162
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, FJ
   Jumaan, AO
   Shefer, A
   Harpaz, R
AF Zhou, FJ
   Jumaan, AO
   Shefer, A
   Harpaz, R
TI Impact of varicella vaccination on health care utilization in the United
   States, 1994-2001
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1132
BP 200A
EP 200A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101164
ER

PT J
AU Bartlett, DL
AF Bartlett, DL
TI Measuring child participation and vaccine provider participation in
   immunization registries, 2002
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY 03-06, 2003
CL SEATTLE, WA
SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1180
BP 209A
EP 209A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101229
ER

PT J
AU Daley, MF
   Crane, LA
   Barrow, J
   Pearson, K
   Stevenson, JM
   Berman, S
   Kempe, A
AF Daley, MF
   Crane, LA
   Barrow, J
   Pearson, K
   Stevenson, JM
   Berman, S
   Kempe, A
TI Parental decision-making regarding new and targeted vaccines
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY 03-06, 2003
CL SEATTLE, WA
SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ
C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Hlth Sci, Denver, CO 80202 USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80218 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1190
BP 210A
EP 211A
PN 2
PG 2
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101239
ER

PT J
AU Daley, MF
   Barrow, J
   Stevenson, JM
   Pearson, K
   Crane, LA
   Berman, S
   Kempe, A
AF Daley, MF
   Barrow, J
   Stevenson, JM
   Pearson, K
   Crane, LA
   Berman, S
   Kempe, A
TI Missed opportunities for influenza immunization in children with chronic
   medical conditions
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY 03-06, 2003
CL SEATTLE, WA
SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ
C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Hlth Sci, Denver, CO 80202 USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO 80218 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1191
BP 211A
EP 211A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101240
ER

PT J
AU Pochling, K
   Walker, F
   Copeland, J
   Szilagyi, P
   Hall, C
   Weinberg, G
   Iwane, M
   Bridges, C
   Sewartz, B
   Griffin, M
AF Pochling, K
   Walker, F
   Copeland, J
   Szilagyi, P
   Hall, C
   Weinberg, G
   Iwane, M
   Bridges, C
   Sewartz, B
   Griffin, M
TI Epidemiology of outpatient visits for influenza infections in young
   children
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY 03-06, 2003
CL SEATTLE, WA
SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1365
BP 241A
EP 241A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101414
ER

PT J
AU Poehling, K
   Walker, F
   Copeland, J
   Szilagyi, P
   Hall, C
   Weinberg, G
   Iwane, M
   Bridges, C
   Schwartz, B
   Griffin, M
   Edwards, K
AF Poehling, K
   Walker, F
   Copeland, J
   Szilagyi, P
   Hall, C
   Weinberg, G
   Iwane, M
   Bridges, C
   Schwartz, B
   Griffin, M
   Edwards, K
TI Population-based hospitalization rates of influenza infections in young
   children
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY 03-06, 2003
CL SEATTLE, WA
SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ
C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1366
BP 241A
EP 241A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101415
ER

PT J
AU Lee, CM
   LeBaron, CW
   Murphy, TV
   Lett, S
   Schauer, S
   Lieu, TA
AF Lee, CM
   LeBaron, CW
   Murphy, TV
   Lett, S
   Schauer, S
   Lieu, TA
TI Pertussis in adolescent and adults: Should we vaccinate?
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Dept Ambulat Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA.
   Harvard Univ, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1795
BP 315A
EP 316A
PN 2
PG 2
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101861
ER

PT J
AU Schaffer, SJ
   Szilagyi, PG
   Ambrose, S
   Barth, R
   Shone, L
   Yussuf, H
   Rickert, D
   Shefer, A
AF Schaffer, SJ
   Szilagyi, PG
   Ambrose, S
   Barth, R
   Shone, L
   Yussuf, H
   Rickert, D
   Shefer, A
TI Availability of hepatitis B vaccine for incarcerated youth
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY 01-04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediat Acad Soc
C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1797
BP 316A
EP 316A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101863
ER

PT J
AU Schaffer, SJ
   Szilagyi, PG
   Ambrose, S
   Barth, RB
   Shone, L
   Yusuf, H
   Rickert, D
   Shefer, A
AF Schaffer, SJ
   Szilagyi, PG
   Ambrose, S
   Barth, RB
   Shone, L
   Yusuf, H
   Rickert, D
   Shefer, A
TI Hepatitis B vaccine availability in alternative health care settings
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY 01-04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediat Acad Soc
C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1799
BP 316A
EP 316A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101864
ER

PT J
AU Daley, MF
   Crane, LA
   Barrow, J
   Hester, N
   Beaty, BL
   Pearson, K
   Allred, NJ
   Berman, S
   Kempe, A
AF Daley, MF
   Crane, LA
   Barrow, J
   Hester, N
   Beaty, BL
   Pearson, K
   Allred, NJ
   Berman, S
   Kempe, A
TI Parental knowledge,attitudes, and beliefs(KABs) regarding influenza
   immunization in healthy young children
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Univ Colorado, HSC, Denver, CO USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1805
BP 317A
EP 317A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101871
ER

PT J
AU Kempe, A
   Daley, MF
   Crane, LA
   Barrow, J
   Hester, N
   Beaty, BL
   Allred, NJ
   Pearson, K
   Berman, S
AF Kempe, A
   Daley, MF
   Crane, LA
   Barrow, J
   Hester, N
   Beaty, BL
   Allred, NJ
   Pearson, K
   Berman, S
TI Parental knowledge of influenza vaccine recommendations and the safety
   of vaccination in different high-risk populations
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Univ CO HSC, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO USA.
   Univ CO HSC, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1806
BP 317A
EP 317A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101872
ER

PT J
AU Lin, ND
   Kleinman, K
   Ye, XJ
   France, E
   Wei, FF
   Mullooly, JP
   Santoli, JM
   Lieu, TA
AF Lin, ND
   Kleinman, K
   Ye, XJ
   France, E
   Wei, FF
   Mullooly, JP
   Santoli, JM
   Lieu, TA
CA The Vaccine Safety Datalink Projec
TI Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on
   immunization coverage
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulat Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO USA.
   HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1801
BP 317A
EP 317A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101867
ER

PT J
AU Iwamoto, M
   Hlady, WG
   Jeter, MM
   Burnett, CL
   Drenzek, CL
   Lance-Parker, SE
   Benson, J
   Page, DP
   Blake, PA
AF Iwamoto, M
   Hlady, WG
   Jeter, MM
   Burnett, CL
   Drenzek, CL
   Lance-Parker, SE
   Benson, J
   Page, DP
   Blake, PA
TI Shigellosis among swimmers in a freshwater lake - Georgia, 2003
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth, State Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Epidemiol Branch, Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Coastal Hlth Dist, Brunswick, GA USA.
   Georgia Publ Hlth Lab, Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1827
BP 321A
EP 321A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101893
ER

PT J
AU Weinberg, GA
   Hall, CB
   Walker, FJ
   Copeland, J
   Edwards, KM
   Griffin, MR
   Iwane, MK
   Schwartz, B
   Szilagyi, PG
AF Weinberg, GA
   Hall, CB
   Walker, FJ
   Copeland, J
   Edwards, KM
   Griffin, MR
   Iwane, MK
   Schwartz, B
   Szilagyi, PG
TI Parainfluenza virus infection of young children: Burden of
   hospitalization and seasonal patterns of infection
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Rochester, MN USA.
   CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1824
BP 321A
EP 321A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101890
ER

PT J
AU Shulman, ST
   Tanz, RR
   Kabat, W
   Kabat, K
   Cederlund, E
   Patel, D
   Rippe, J
   Dale, JB
   Beall, B
AF Shulman, ST
   Tanz, RR
   Kabat, W
   Kabat, K
   Cederlund, E
   Patel, D
   Rippe, J
   Dale, JB
   Beall, B
TI US and Canadian pharyngeal group a streptococcal (GAS) emm types show
   differences
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Childrens Mem Hosp, Gen Acad Pediat, Chicago, IL USA.
   Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Infect Dis Lab, Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL USA.
   Univ Tennessee, Hlth Sci Ctr, Memphis, TN USA.
   VA Med Ctr, Memphis, TN USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1846
BP 324A
EP 324A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101912
ER

PT J
AU Tanx, RR
   Shulman, ST
   Shortridge, VD
   Kabat, W
   Kabat, K
   Cederlund, E
   Rippe, J
   Doktor, S
   Beyer, J
   Beall, B
AF Tanx, RR
   Shulman, ST
   Shortridge, VD
   Kabat, W
   Kabat, K
   Cederlund, E
   Rippe, J
   Doktor, S
   Beyer, J
   Beall, B
TI Macrolide and clindamycin resistance among pharyngeal group A
   Streptococci is higher in Canada than in the US
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA.
   Northwestern Univ Feinberg, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA.
   Childrens Mem Hosp, Infect Dis Lab, Chicago, IL USA.
   Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1845
BP 324A
EP 324A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101911
ER

PT J
AU Jaggi, P
   Shulman, ST
   Beall, B
   Tanz, R
AF Jaggi, P
   Shulman, ST
   Beall, B
   Tanz, R
TI Age influences the emmType distribution of pediatric pharyngeal group a
   Streptococci: A three year evaluation
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY 01-04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediat Acad Soc
C1 Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 W CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1847
BP 325A
EP 325A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101913
ER

PT J
AU Peck, AJ
   Holman, RC
   Curns, AT
   Lingappa, JR
   Cheek, JE
   Singleton, RJ
   Carver, K
   Anderson, LJ
AF Peck, AJ
   Holman, RC
   Curns, AT
   Lingappa, JR
   Cheek, JE
   Singleton, RJ
   Carver, K
   Anderson, LJ
TI Lower respiratory tract infections among American Indian and Alaska
   native (AI/AN) children and US children
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   IHS, Program Epidemiol, Off Publ Hlth, Albuquerque, NM USA.
   CDC, NCID, Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium & Arctic Inv, Anchorage, AK USA.
   US Dept HHS, IHS, Rockville, MD USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1903
BP 334A
EP 334A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101969
ER

PT J
AU Rickert, D
   Santoli, J
   Abigail, S
   Hussain, Y
AF Rickert, D
   Santoli, J
   Abigail, S
   Hussain, Y
TI Influenza vaccination of medically high-risk children: What the
   providers say
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1929
BP 339A
EP 339A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101995
ER

PT J
AU Watson, B
   Perella, D
   Heath, K
   Robinson, D
   Spain, CV
   Jumaan, A
   Schmid, S
   Guris, D
AF Watson, B
   Perella, D
   Heath, K
   Robinson, D
   Spain, CV
   Jumaan, A
   Schmid, S
   Guris, D
TI Laboratory confirmation of suspected breakthrough varicella infections
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Varicella Act Surveillance, Philadelphia, PA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Varicella Zoster Virus, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1927
BP 339A
EP 339A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591101993
ER

PT J
AU Schieber, RA
   Yusuf, H
   Wooten, K
AF Schieber, RA
   Yusuf, H
   Wooten, K
TI Knowledge, attitudes, and practices among providers of hepatitis B
   vaccine in young children
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 1968
BP 346A
EP 346A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591102034
ER

PT J
AU Lukacs, SL
   Schoendorf, KC
AF Lukacs, SL
   Schoendorf, KC
TI National estimates of newborn sepsis rates in the United States,
   1990-2001
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 2136
BP 376A
EP 376A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591102202
ER

PT J
AU Smith, PJ
   Santoli, JM
   Chu, SY
   Ochoa, DO
   Rodewald, LE
AF Smith, PJ
   Santoli, JM
   Chu, SY
   Ochoa, DO
   Rodewald, LE
TI The association between medical home and vaccination coverage among
   VFC-eligible children
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies
CY MAY   04, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Pediatr Acad Soc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 4
SU S
MA 3449
BP 608A
EP 608A
PN 2
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808TJ
UT WOS:000220591103526
ER

PT J
AU Weiss, B
   Amler, S
   Amler, RW
AF Weiss, B
   Amler, S
   Amler, RW
TI Pesticides
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE pesticides; brain development; neurotoxicity; behavior; endocrine
   disruption
ID FATTY-ACID CONJUGATE; ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES; ENVIRONMENTAL
   CHEMICALS; ORGANO-PHOSPHATE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; BREAST-MILK; EXPOSURE;
   CHILDREN; DDT; CHLORPYRIFOS
AB Pesticides are a broad group of heterogeneous chemicals that have a significant public health benefit by increasing food production productivity and decreasing food-borne and vector-borne diseases. However, depending on the agent and the exposure, they may pose health risks. Because of their behavior, acute accidental toxic exposures occur more commonly in children. Because of the dietary habits and greater intake of foods per kilogram in children and because some infants are breastfed, there is also concern about the effects on them of low-level environmental exposures. In the absence of direct conclusive evidence, consistent and relevant observations have led some investigators to infer that chronic low-dose exposure to certain pesticides might pose a potential hazard to the health and development of infants and children. Other investigators have concluded that such inferences can be neither supported nor refuted at the present time. The pediatrician has a role to play in recognizing the symptoms of acute exposure and to be able to provide appropriate treatment. It is essential to study whether there are subtle neurologic effects that may result from low-level pesticide exposures in individual patients.
C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
   US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Weiss, B (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
EM bernard_weiss@urmc.rochester.edu
NR 71
TC 80
Z9 86
U1 4
U2 15
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 113
IS 4
SU S
BP 1030
EP 1036
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808RC
UT WOS:000220585200013
PM 15060196
ER

PT J
AU Goldman, L
   Falk, H
   Landrigan, PJ
   Balk, SJ
   Reigart, JR
   Etzel, RA
AF Goldman, L
   Falk, H
   Landrigan, PJ
   Balk, SJ
   Reigart, JR
   Etzel, RA
TI Environmental pediatrics and its impact on government health policy
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE child; child welfare; environmental exposure; environmental health;
   environmental pollutants; human risk assessment; public policy
ID IDENTIFY CRITICAL WINDOWS; CHILDRENS HEALTH; CHILDHOOD-CANCER;
   NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ANIMAL-MODELS; EXPOSURE; WORKSHOP; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   EMBRYOPATHY; RADIATION
AB Recent public recognition that children are different from adults in their exposures and susceptibilities to environmental contaminants has its roots in work that began > 46 years ago, when the American Academy of Pediatrics ( APA) established a standing committee to focus on children's radiation exposures. We summarize the history of that important committee, now the AAP Committee on Environmental Health, including its statements and the 1999 publication of the AAP Handbook of Pediatric Environmental Health, and describe the recent emergence of federal and state legislative and executive actions to evaluate explicitly environmental health risks to children. As a result in large part of these efforts, numerous knowledge gaps about children's health and the environment are currently being addressed. Government efforts began in the 1970s to reduce childhood lead poisoning and to monitor birth defects and cancer. In the 1990s, federal efforts accelerated with the Food Quality Protection Act, an executive order on children's environmental health, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry/ Environmental Protection Agency Pediatric Environmental Health Specialty Units, and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/ Environmental Protection Agency Centers of Excellence in Research in Children's Environmental Health. In this decade, the Children's Environmental Health Act authorized the National Children's Study, which has the potential to address a number of critical questions about children's exposure and health. The federal government has expanded efforts in control and prevention of childhood asthma and in tracking of asthma, birth defects, and other diseases that are linked to the environment. Efforts continue on familiar problems such as the eradication of lead poisoning, but new issues, such as prevention of childhood exposure to carcinogens and neurotoxins other than lead, and emerging issues, such as endocrine disruptors and pediatric drug evaluations, are in the forefront. More recently, these issues have been taken up by states and in the international arena.
C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 20815 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA.
   Childrens Hosp Montefiore, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY USA.
   Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
   George Washington Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Hlth Serv, Washington, DC USA.
RP Goldman, L (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Rm W8511, Baltimore, MD 20815 USA.
EM lgoldman@jhsph.edu
NR 63
TC 24
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 113
IS 4
SU S
BP 1146
EP 1157
PG 12
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808RC
UT WOS:000220585200029
PM 15060212
ER

PT J
AU Haber, P
   Chen, RT
   Zanardi, LR
   Mootrey, GT
   English, R
   Braun, MM
AF Haber, P
   Chen, RT
   Zanardi, LR
   Mootrey, GT
   English, R
   Braun, MM
CA VAERS Working Grp
TI An analysis of rotavirus vaccine reports to the vaccine adverse event
   reporting system: More than intussusception alone?
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE rotavirus vaccine; Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System; VAERS;
   vaccine safety; postmarketing surveillance; rotavirus vaccine
ID SPONTANEOUS REDUCTION; SURVEILLANCE; VAERS; IMMUNIZATION; ASSOCIATION;
   PREVENTION; INFECTION; INFANTS; DISEASE; SAFETY
AB Background. The rhesus-human rotavirus reassortant-tetravalent vaccine (RRV-TV) was licensed on August, 31, 1998, and subsequently recommended for routine infant immunizations in the United States. After similar to1 million doses had been administered, an increase in acute risk of intussusception in vaccinees led to the suspension of the use of RRV-TV and its withdrawal from the market. These postmarketing safety studies focused on a single adverse event ( intussusception) and, to minimize the risk of a false-positive finding, accepted only cases that met a strict case definition. Safer rotavirus vaccines are needed to prevent the substantial global morbidity and mortality caused by rotavirus infections; their development and future use may benefit from a better understanding of the postmarketing safety profile of RRV-TV beyond intussusception.
   Objective. To characterize more completely the postmarketing surveillance safety profile of RRV-TV more completely by review and analysis of Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) case reports to better understand 1) whether severe adverse events other than intussusception may have occurred after RRV-TV and 2) the likely scope of gastrointestinal illnesses, of which the previously identified, highly specific intussusception cases may account for just a fraction.
   Setting and Participants. Infants vaccinated with RRV-TV and other vaccines in the United States and for whom a report was submitted to VAERS during September 1, 1998, to December 31, 1999.
   Methodology. To detect adverse events of interest other than intussusception, we used proportional morbidity analysis to compare the adverse event profile of VAERS reports among infants who received routine vaccines including RRV-TV ( after excluding confirmed and suspected intussusception reports) with infants who received identical vaccine combinations but without RRV-TV. Next, to better capture all described diagnoses, signs, and symptoms associated with the suspected adverse events, a set of new codes was developed and assigned to each VAERS report. All 448 nonfatal RRV-TV-associated reports ( including intussusception) were recoded manually from the clinical description on the VAERS report and categorized into clinical groups to better describe a spectrum of reported illnesses after the vaccine. Each report was assigned to one of the following hierarchical and mutually exclusive clinical groups: 1) diagnosed intussusception; 2) suspected intussusception; 3) illness consistent with either gastroenteritis or intussusception; 4) gastroenteritis; 5) other gastrointestinal diagnoses (ie, not consistent with intussusception or rotavirus-like gastroenteritis); and 6) nongastrointestinal diagnoses.
   Results. Even after excluding intussusception cases, a higher proportion of RRV-TV reports than non-RRV-TV reports included fever and various gastrointestinal symptoms, most notably bloody stool but also vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, gastroenteritis, abnormal stool, and dehydration. Distribution of RRV-TV reports by clinical groups was as follows: diagnosed intussusception (109 [24%], suspected intussusception (36 [8%]), and illness consistent with gastroenteritis or intussusception (33 [7%]), gastroenteritis (101 [22%]), other gastrointestinal diagnoses (10 [2%]), and nongastrointestinal outcomes (159 [35%]). The median time interval between vaccination and illness onset decreased incrementally among the first 4 clinical groups: from 7 days for diagnosed intussusceptions to 3 days for gastroenteritis.
   Conclusions. Intussusception and gastroenteritis were the most commonly reported outcomes; however, a substantial number of reports indicate signs and symptoms consistent with either illness, possibly suggestive of a spectrum of gastrointestinal illness(es) related to RRV-TV. Although VAERS data have recognized limitations such as underreporting ( that may differ by vaccine) and are nearly always insufficient to prove causality between a vaccine and an adverse event, this safety profile of RRV-TV may aid better understanding of the pathophysiology of intussusception as well as development of future safer rotavirus vaccines.
C1 CDCP, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.
RP Haber, P (reprint author), CDCP, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Mail Stop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM phaber@cdc.gov
NR 34
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 113
IS 4
BP E353
EP E359
DI 10.1542/peds.113.4.e353
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808RB
UT WOS:000220585100054
PM 15060267
ER

PT J
AU Rosenthal, J
   Rodewald, L
   McCauley, M
   Berman, S
   Irigoyen, M
   Sawyer, M
   Yusuf, H
   Davis, R
   Kalton, G
AF Rosenthal, J
   Rodewald, L
   McCauley, M
   Berman, S
   Irigoyen, M
   Sawyer, M
   Yusuf, H
   Davis, R
   Kalton, G
TI Immunization coverage levels among 19- to 35-month-old children in 4
   diverse, medically underserved areas of the United States
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE immunization coverage levels; medically underserved areas; preschool
   children
ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; HERD-IMMUNITY; MEASLES; VACCINE; COMMUNITY;
   DISEASES; RISK; CARE
AB Background. The National Immunization Survey demonstrates that national immunization coverage in 2002 remained near the all-time highs achieved in 2000. However, that survey cannot detect whether coverage is uniformly high within relatively small areas or populations. The measles resurgence in the early 1990s revealed that coverage was low in some areas, particularly among inner-city children from racial and ethnic minority groups. Today, identifying areas with low childhood-vaccination coverage remains important, particularly if these areas are at risk for the introduction of disease. In 1995, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention launched a congressionally mandated demonstrated project now called the Childhood Immunization Demonstration project of Community Health Networks. This mandate specified an assessment to determine whether a network of primary care providers affiliated with university teaching hospitals could assume a public health responsibility for raising immunization levels among preschoolers in medically underserved communities. Communities with federally designated health professional shortage areas were invited to submit proposals, and 4 were selected: Detroit, MI, New York, NY, San Diego, CA, and rural Colorado.
   Objectives. To measure immunization coverage among preschool children in the 4 selected medically underserved areas and determine predictors of coverage levels.
   Design and Setting. Surveys in the 4 areas were based on stratified cluster probability sample designs in which clusters of dwelling units were selected and all households in selected clusters were screened for the presence of children aged 12 to 35 months. Immunization histories were obtained from parents and providers for these children. For each age-eligible child, the information collected on utilization of immunization health services included a listing of all clinics or offices ever used for the child's well-child care and/or for obtaining immunizations. Information was also collected on whether the child currently had health insurance ( public and/or private) and whether the child had a medical home. A child was classified as having a medical home if the survey respondent reported a source of well care that was the same as the source of sick care and that this place was not an emergency department.
   Participants. Children 12 to 35 months of age in Detroit, New York, San Diego, and rural Colorado.
   Outcome Measure. Community-wide up-to-date (UTD) immunization coverage levels at 19 to 35 months of age, defined as receipt of 4 doses of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, 3 doses of poliovirus vaccine, 1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine, 3 doses of Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine, and 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine ( the 4: 3: 1: 3: 3 series). Analysis. We examined the association between coverage level and independent variables and performed chi(2) and t tests to determine whether differences observed within and between groups and sites were significant.
   Results. The overall response rate for eligible children ranged from 79.4% to 88.1%. Coverage levels for most individual vaccines were > 90% in all sites except Detroit. Coverage for the 4: 3: 1: 3: 3 series was significantly higher for children in New York (84%) and San Diego (86%) than for children in Detroit (66%) and rural Colorado (75%). Demographic risk factors related to UTD immunization status varied by site. Although differences in coverage levels by ethnicity varied by site, differences were not significant. In Colorado and New York, coverage was slightly lower among Hispanic than white children (71% vs 76% and 83% vs 91%, respectively). In San Diego, coverage was lower among whites, compared with Hispanics ( 76% vs 85%). Coverage was also lower for African American than white children only in New York ( 75% vs 91%). However, in San Diego and Colorado, children receiving their vaccinations from private providers had lower coverage levels than children receiving their vaccinations from other providers (78% vs 91% and 71% vs 57%, respectively). In all 4 sites, children for whom respondents reported having an immunization card at the time of the interview were more likely to have higher series coverage levels than children for whom a parent-held card was not available. Also, children who were UTD at 3 months of age had significantly higher vaccination-series coverage levels than children who were not UTD at 3 months of age. In addition, the vaccination coverage was lower for children in Detroit whose parents reported problems accessing the health care system because lack of transportation (46%), compared with those who did not report such problems (65%); however, this difference did not reach significance (chi(2) = 6.0). In Colorado, the small proportion of children in families without a phone had a lower vaccination coverage level (58%) than those in households with a phone ( 75%) (chi(2) = 6.3). In all sites, children who were UTD at 3 months of age and had a parent-held vaccination card were more likely to be UTD at 19 to 35 months of age.
   Conclusions. Preschoolers in these medically underserved areas were not at uniform risk for underimmunization. Because they were designated as health professional shortage areas, the 4 sites in this study were expected to have low immunization-coverage rates. However, this was not the case. In fact, coverage in 3 of the 4 areas was quite high compared with US national figures (73%); only Detroit had a much lower UTD rate (66%). Efforts are needed to improve methods to identify areas with low immunization coverage so that resources can be directed to places where interventions are needed. Our results reveal that an area's need for childhood immunization interventions is not well predicted by a low number of providers per capita. Other criteria must be developed to predict areas or populations with low immunization coverage. Understanding more about the characteristics of children/provider pairs for children who are UTD at 3 months and more about the role of parental hand-held cards, along with finding strategies to improve immunization delivery by providers in Vaccines for Children Program facilities, suggest potentially productive avenues for increasing and sustaining high coverage levels.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Denver, CO 80218 USA.
   Columbia Univ, Div Pediat, New York, NY USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Pediat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Henry Ford Hosp, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Detroit, MI 48202 USA.
   Westat Corp, Div Res, Rockville, MD USA.
RP Rosenthal, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS-E86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM jyr4@cdc.gov
NR 25
TC 30
Z9 32
U1 0
U2 6
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 113
IS 4
BP E296
EP E302
DI 10.1542/peds.113.4.e296
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808RB
UT WOS:000220585100043
PM 15060256
ER

PT J
AU Taveras, EM
   Li, RW
   Grummer-Strawn, L
   Richardson, M
   Marshall, R
   Rego, VH
   Miroshnik, I
   Lieu, TA
AF Taveras, EM
   Li, RW
   Grummer-Strawn, L
   Richardson, M
   Marshall, R
   Rego, VH
   Miroshnik, I
   Lieu, TA
TI Opinions and practices of clinicians associated with continuation of
   exclusive breastfeeding
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID LOW-INCOME POPULATION; PROMOTION; ATTITUDES; EDUCATION; DURATION;
   INFANT; PRACTITIONERS; PREVALENCE; RESIDENTS; KNOWLEDGE
AB Background. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life. Recent statistics indicate that initiation and maintenance of exclusive breastfeeding are low in the United States. Unfortunately, little information is available on how clinicians and health care organizations can best promote continuation of exclusive breastfeeding.
   Objective. To identify clinicians' opinions and management practices that are associated with continuation of exclusive breastfeeding.
   Methods. We conducted a prospective cohort study of low-risk mother-newborn pairs in a large, multispecialty group practice in which the mother was breastfeeding at 4 weeks. Mothers completed telephone interviews at 4 and 12 weeks postpartum, and their data were linked with their obstetric and pediatric clinicians' responses to a cross-sectional mailed survey conducted during the same time period. Obstetric and pediatric clinicians included medical doctors, nurse practitioners, and nurse midwives. Overall response rates were 63% for mothers and 82% for clinicians ( 54 obstetric and 67 pediatric clinicians). Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the characteristics of clinicians and mothers that predicted exclusive breastfeeding at 12 weeks.
   Results. Of the 288 mothers who were breastfeeding at 4 weeks and had a complete 12-week interview, 152 (53%) were exclusively breastfeeding their infants at 12 weeks. Mothers who discontinued exclusive breastfeeding were more likely to have experienced problems with their infant latching on or sucking ( odds ratio [ OR]: 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5 - 9.7) or report that a health care provider recommended formula supplementation ( OR: 2.3; 95% CI: 1.1 - 5.0).
   Clinicians reported limited time during preventive visits to address breastfeeding problems as a very important barrier to promoting breastfeeding. Obstetric providers were least confident in resolving problems with mothers not producing enough breast milk. Pediatric providers were least confident in resolving problems with breast pain or tenderness or cracked or painful nipples. In the final multivariate model, mothers whose pediatric providers recommended formula supplementation if an infant was not gaining enough weight (OR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.04, 9.7) or who considered their advice to mothers on breastfeeding duration to be not very important ( OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.2 - 3.9) were more likely to have discontinued exclusive breastfeeding by 12 weeks postpartum. Black mothers were significantly more likely to discontinue exclusive breastfeeding by 12 weeks.
   Conclusions. Clinicians' practices regarding formula supplementation of healthy infants and their opinions about the importance of their breastfeeding advice are associated with the likelihood that mothers will continue exclusive breastfeeding. Policies to enhance clinicians' abilities to address breastfeeding problems within the constraints of busy practices could improve their ability to support exclusive breastfeeding.
C1 Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Harvard Vanguard Med Associates, Boston, MA USA.
RP Taveras, EM (reprint author), Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, 1333 Brookline Ave,6th Fl, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM elsie.taveras@tch.harvard.edu
NR 37
TC 60
Z9 64
U1 1
U2 8
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 113
IS 4
BP E283
EP E290
DI 10.1542/peds.113.4.e283
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 808RB
UT WOS:000220585100041
PM 15060254
ER

PT J
AU Katow, S
AF Katow, S
TI Molecular epidemiology of rubella virus in Asia: Utility for reduction
   in the burden of diseases due to congenital rubella syndrome
SO PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL
LA English
DT Article
DE rubella; congenital rubella syndrome; CRS; molecular epidemiology;
   phylogenic tree
ID DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; SYNDROME CRS
AB Background: Rubella is a mild disease mainly of infants, involving a rash and a fever. However, when women who have no immunity to rubella are infected during the early stage of pregnancy, their babies are often born with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS), which is characterized by a few disorders including deafness, cataracts and heart malformations. To prevent CRS, several strains of live attenuated rubella vaccine have been developed and introduced into immunization programs in many countries. In most Asian countries except Japan, Singapore and Taiwan, rubella remains uncontrolled, and the burden of diseases from CRS is high. In order to develop a control program to reduce the number of CRS cases in Asian countries, it is necessary to conduct a survey of rubella and CRS cases, and to then determine the genotype of the circulating rubella virus in each country.
   Methods: Cases of rubella and CRS, based on national reporting systems or active surveillance in the Asian countries, are summarized. Sequences of the E1 gene of the virus isolates from the Asian countries were compared by phylogenic analysis.
   Results: Recent studies of the molecular epidemiology of rubella virus worldwide revealed that there are two genotypes, and that genotype I is circulating almost worldwide, while genotype II is an Asian prototype restricted to the Asian continent. Genotype I viruses fall into a number of groups, some of which are geographically localized. Antigenically these two genotypes are cross-reactive and immunization with either virus results in immunity to all rubella viruses.
   Discussion: The hypotheses that rubella virus has evolved on the Asian continent is proposed. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized that a rubella immunization program can be combined with the measles immuization program. Inclusion of rubella in the expanded program of immunization (EPI) of measles would be ideal in Asian countries, as it would be efficient and cost effective to administer one injection containing a three-combined vaccine (MMR). It would also be desirable given that WHO require laboratory tests to confirm the presence of measles or rubella as part of it's measles control project, because rubella is often misdiagnosed as measles.
RP Katow, S (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop C-22,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM sqk6@cdc.gov
NR 14
TC 11
Z9 21
U1 2
U2 2
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING ASIA
PI CARLTON
PA 54 UNIVERSITY ST, P O BOX 378, CARLTON, VICTORIA 3053, AUSTRALIA
SN 1328-8067
J9 PEDIATR INT
JI Pediatr. Int.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 46
IS 2
BP 207
EP 213
DI 10.1046/j.1442-200x.2004.01866.x
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 807ST
UT WOS:000220521900021
PM 15056254
ER

PT J
AU Milam, JE
   Richardson, JL
   Marks, G
   Kemper, CA
   McCutchan, AJ
AF Milam, JE
   Richardson, JL
   Marks, G
   Kemper, CA
   McCutchan, AJ
TI The roles of dispositional optimism and pessimism in HIV disease
   progression
SO PSYCHOLOGY & HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE dispositional optimism; pessimism; HIV; antiretroviral therapy;
   adherence; CD4 count; viral load
ID LIFE ORIENTATION TEST; GENERALIZED OUTCOME EXPECTANCIES; RISK
   SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; SELF-ESTEEM; PSYCHOLOGICAL
   DISTRESS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; CORONARY ANGIOPLASTY; COGNITIVE
   ADAPTATION; TRAIT ANXIETY
AB Relationships between dispositional optimism and pessimism and the course of HIV infection, determined by changes in viral load and CD4 counts, were studied in a longitudinal cohort of 412 patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Multiple regression analyses controlling for baseline levels of disease status, ethnicity, and depressive symptoms demonstrated that higher pessimism at baseline was associated with higher viral load at follow-up (average of 18 months later). Optimism at baseline had a curvilinear relationship with CD4 counts at follow-up. Moderate levels of optimism at baseline predicted the highest CD4 counts at follow-up. Although optimism and pessimism were associated with specific health behaviors (e.g., ART adherence, cigarette use, drug use, dietary practices), none of these behaviors mediated the optimism/pessimism effects. The biologic and behavioral mediators of associations of personality variables with the course of treated HIV infection deserve continued investigation.
C1 Univ So Calif, Inst Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent Res, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
   Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA.
   Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   Santa Clara Valley Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Santa Clara, CA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Milam, JE (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Inst Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent Res, Dept Prevent Med, 1441 Eastlake Ave,MS44, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA.
EM milam@hsc.usc.edu
NR 52
TC 28
Z9 30
U1 3
U2 10
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0887-0446
J9 PSYCHOL HEALTH
JI Psychol. Health
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 19
IS 2
BP 167
EP 181
DI 10.1080/08870440310001652696
PG 15
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology,
   Multidisciplinary
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology
GA 800SW
UT WOS:000220049000003
ER

PT J
AU Mark, KE
   Gunn, RA
AF Mark, KE
   Gunn, RA
TI Gonorrhea surveillance - Estimating epidemiologic and clinical
   characteristics of reported cases using a sample survey methodology
SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS-B; INFECTION; VIRUS; PHYSICIANS; PREVALENCE;
   RATES; CARE; ERA
AB Background: Little is known about the epidemiology of gonorrhea in the United States, except for basic demographics of reported cases. Knowing the proportion of reported gonorrhea cases identified through screening, the diagnostic test used, and patient behavioral risk factors might help to better explain changes in gonorrhea rates over time.
   Goal: The goal of this study was to implement and evaluate a gonorrhea sample survey surveillance methodology in San Diego, California.
   Study Design: Healthcare providers caring for a representative sample of all gonorrhea patients reported during August 16 through October 18, 2001 were interviewed by telephone about patient demographics, risk factors, and management.
   Results: The healthcare providers of 248 gonorrhea patients were contacted; data were obtained on 224 (90%) patients. Major reasons for testing included symptoms (68%), partner referral (14%), and screening (12%). Gonococcal culture, DNA probe tests, and nucleic acid amplification tests were used to diagnose 40%, 34%, and 21% of patients, respectively. At minimum, 36% of male gonorrhea patients were men who have sex with men (MSM); MSM with gonorrhea were rarely diagnosed with rectal or pharyngeal gonorrhea outside of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Estimated local resources required to conduct this survey were $12 per completed interview.
   Conclusion: Healthcare provider telephone interviews regarding recently reported gonorrhea patients are feasible and can provide important additional information to STD programs, which could be used to direct intervention strategies and monitor trends. Ultimately, a national sampling approach could be explored and incorporated into ongoing gonorrhea surveillance.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
   San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Div STD & Hepatitis Prevent, San Diego, CA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Mark, KE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Virol Res Clin, 600 Broadway,Suite 400, Seattle, WA 98122 USA.
EM kmark@u.washington.edu
NR 19
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 2
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0148-5717
J9 SEX TRANSM DIS
JI Sex. Transm. Dis.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 31
IS 4
BP 215
EP 220
DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000118421.15177.34
PG 6
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA 807ZF
UT WOS:000220538700004
PM 15028934
ER

PT J
AU Cannuscio, CC
   Colditz, GA
   Rimm, EB
   Berkman, LF
   Jones, CP
   Kawachi, I
AF Cannuscio, CC
   Colditz, GA
   Rimm, EB
   Berkman, LF
   Jones, CP
   Kawachi, I
TI Employment status, social ties, and caregivers' mental health
SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE caregivers; mental health; depressive symptoms; social ties; employment;
   USA
ID DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS; FAMILY MEMBERS; MORTALITY; NETWORKS; SUPPORT; CARE;
   DISTRESS; DISEASE; IMPACT; SELF
AB The purpose of this study of mid-life and older women was to assess the relation between informal care provision and depressive symptoms, taking into account concurrent demands on women's time (including multiple caregiving roles and employment outside the home) as well as participants' access to potentially supportive social ties. This cross-sectional study included women ages 46-71, free from major disease, who provided complete health and social information in the 1992 Nurses' Health Study follow-up survey (n = 61, 383). In logistic regression models predicting depressive symptoms, we examined the interaction between employment outside the home and informal care provision for a disabled or ill spouse or parent. We also investigated level of social ties, measured with the Berkman-Syme Social Network Index, as a potential modifier of the association between informal care provision and depressive symptoms. In all analyses, higher weekly time commitment to informal care for a spouse or parent was associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms. This relationship persisted whether women were not employed outside the home, were employed full-time, or were employed part-time. Higher weekly time commitment to informal care provision was associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms whether women were socially integrated or socially isolated. However, both informal care provision and social ties were potent independent correlates of depressive symptoms. Therefore, women who reported high spousal care time commitment and few social ties experienced a dramatic elevation in depressive symptoms, compared to women with no spousal care responsibilities and many social ties (OR for depressive symptoms = 11.8; 95% CI 4.8, 28.9). We observed the same pattern among socially isolated women who cared for their parent(s) many hours per week, but the association was not as strong (OR for depressive symptoms = 6.5; 95% CI 3.4, 12.7). In this cross-sectional study, employment status did not seem to confer additional mental health risk or benefit to informal caregivers, while access to extensive social ties was associated with more favorable caregiver health outcomes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Merck Res Labs, Dept Epidemiol, Blue Bell, PA 19422 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Dept Med, Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth & Social Behav, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Cannuscio, CC (reprint author), Merck Res Labs, Dept Epidemiol, Blue Bell, PA 19422 USA.
EM carolyn_cannuscio@merck.com
RI Cannuscio, Carolyn/A-1123-2007; Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009
OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291
FU NCI NIH HHS [CA62005, CA 40356, CA08283, CA46475, CA55075, CA62252,
   CA65725, CA66385, CA67883, CA70817, CA75016, CA80620]; NEI NIH HHS
   [EY09611]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL03535, HL34594, HL57871]; NIA NIH HHS
   [AG12806, AG13842, AG15424]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR02074]; NIDDK NIH HHS
   [DK45362, DK46519, DK52866]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES05947]
NR 27
TC 59
Z9 59
U1 2
U2 16
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0277-9536
J9 SOC SCI MED
JI Soc. Sci. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 58
IS 7
BP 1247
EP 1256
DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(03)00317-4
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences
GA 804AJ
UT WOS:000220271300003
PM 14759673
ER

PT J
AU Baccarelli, A
   Pesatori, AC
   Masten, SA
   Patterson, DG
   Needham, LL
   Mocarelli, P
   Caporaso, NE
   Consonni, D
   Grassman, JA
   Bertazzi, PA
   Landi, MT
AF Baccarelli, A
   Pesatori, AC
   Masten, SA
   Patterson, DG
   Needham, LL
   Mocarelli, P
   Caporaso, NE
   Consonni, D
   Grassman, JA
   Bertazzi, PA
   Landi, MT
TI Aryl-hydrocarbon receptor-dependent pathway and toxic effects of TCDD in
   humans: a population-based study in Seveso, Italy
SO TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 41st Congress of the European-Societies-of-Toxicology
CY SEP 28-OCT 01, 2003
CL Florence, Italy
SP European Soc Toxicol
DE dioxin; TCDD; molecular epidemiology; aryl-hydrocarbon receptor;
   population-based study
ID DIOXIN EXPOSURE; ACCIDENT; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; ANIMALS
AB Approximately 20 years after the Seveso, Italy accident, we conducted a population-based study to evaluate the impact of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposure upon immune and mechanistically based biomarkers of dioxin response in humans. TCDD toxic effects are known to be mediated by the aryl-hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). We randomly selected 62 study subjects from the highest exposed zones and 59 from the surrounding non-contaminated area. Current lipid-adjusted plasma TCDD concentrations in these subjects ranged from 3.5 to 90 ng/kg (or ppt) and were negatively associated with plasma IgG concentrations (r = -0.35; P = 0.0002). The expression of genes in the AhR-dependent pathway, including AhR, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), CYP1A1, and CYP1B1 transcripts, and the CYP1A1-associated 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was measured in lymphocytes. AhR mRNA levels in uncultured lymphocytes were negatively associated with plasma TCDD (P = 0.03). When mitogen-induced lymphocytes were cultured with 10 nM TCDD, all AhR-dependent genes were induced 1.2- to 13-fold. In these cells, plasma TCDD was associated with decreased EROD activity. Markers within the AhR pathway were correlated with one another.
   Our findings suggest the presence of long-term effects in the subjects exposed to TCDD after the Seveso accident. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Univ Milan, Ctr Res Occupat Clin & Environm Epidemiol, EPOCA, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, I-20122 Milan, Italy.
   Ist Clin Perfezionamento, Epidemiol Unit, Dept Occupat Hlth & Safety, Milan, Italy.
   NIEHS, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Milan, Hosp Desio, Dept Lab Med, I-20122 Milan, Italy.
   CUNY Brooklyn Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11210 USA.
RP Baccarelli, A (reprint author), NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, NIH,DHHS, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 7110, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM baccarea@mail.nih.gov
RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; masten, scott/R-1403-2016; bertazzi, pietro
   alberto/D-5039-2017; 
OI masten, scott/0000-0002-7847-181X; bertazzi, pietro
   alberto/0000-0003-3475-2449; Baccarelli, Andrea/0000-0002-3436-0640;
   pesatori, angela/0000-0002-0261-3252
NR 15
TC 38
Z9 42
U1 3
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0378-4274
J9 TOXICOL LETT
JI Toxicol. Lett.
PD APR 1
PY 2004
VL 149
IS 1-3
BP 287
EP 293
DI 10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.062
PG 7
WC Toxicology
SC Toxicology
GA 815TA
UT WOS:000221063400035
PM 15093275
ER

PT J
AU Hira, PR
   Francis, I
   Abdella, NA
   Gupta, R
   Al-Ali, FM
   Grover, S
   Khalid, N
   Abdeen, S
   Iqbal, J
   Wilson, M
   Tsang, VCW
AF Hira, PR
   Francis, I
   Abdella, NA
   Gupta, R
   Al-Ali, FM
   Grover, S
   Khalid, N
   Abdeen, S
   Iqbal, J
   Wilson, M
   Tsang, VCW
TI Cysticercosis: imported and autochthonous infections in Kuwait
SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
DE cysticercosis; Taenia solium; serodiagnosis; Kuwait
ID LINKED IMMUNOELECTROTRANSFER BLOT; TAENIA-SOLIUM; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS;
   ASSAY
AB Intracerebral and non-central nervous system (non-CNS) cysticercosis caused by the larval pork tapeworm Taenia solium was diagnosed in patients in an Islamic state. The mode of transmission and challenges in diagnosis are highlighted. Sixteen patients with neurocysticercosis and six with non-CNS lesions were diagnosed by imaging studies (computerized tomography [CT]/magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) and serotogy (ELISA and/or enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay [EITB]). Four of 55 family members, including servants, tested for antibodies were positive by the EITB and ELISA. Only one of these sera tested for antibodies to adult T solium was positive: that of the cook, the probable source of the infection. We postulate a similar mode of transmission in the other Kuwaitis. Evaluation of several commercially available ELISA kits showed they were of poor specificity. Even in countries where pork consumption is proscribed by religious laws, physicians should include cysticercosis in their differential diagnosis in patients with neurological symptoms or non-CNS lesions, especially in non-endemic countries with a large expatriate population such as Kuwait. In children particularly, and in this region, suspected tuberculous lesions on CT must be investigated to rule out cysticerci by a more diligent use of the sensitive and specific EITB assay. Failure to understand the local epidemiology leads to empirical, inappropriate and prolonged therapy for chronic disease. (C) 2003 Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
   Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Dept Pathol, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
   Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
   Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Dept Radiol, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
   Farwania Hosp, Microbiol Labs, Kuwait, Kuwait.
   Infect Dis Hosp, Sulibikhat, Kuwait.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Hira, PR (reprint author), Kuwait Univ, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol, POB 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait.
EM Hira@hsc.kuniv.edu.kw
NR 6
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 2
PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE
PI LONDON
PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND
SN 0035-9203
J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H
JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 98
IS 4
BP 233
EP 239
DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(03)00061-0
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 803RK
UT WOS:000220248000005
PM 15049462
ER

PT J
AU Glaser, C
   Kazacos, K
   Lacroix, C
   Lewis, P
   Schantz, P
   Blagburn, B
AF Glaser, C
   Kazacos, K
   Lacroix, C
   Lewis, P
   Schantz, P
   Blagburn, B
TI Examining the issues: A roundtable discussion on parasitic zoonosis
SO VETERINARY MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID LARVA MIGRANS; TOXOCARIASIS; SCHOOLCHILDREN; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; DOGS
C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pediat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
   Calif State Dept Hlth, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA USA.
   Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
   Prior Vet Legal Consultants, Whitehouse Stn, NJ USA.
   Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Dept Pediat, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Glaser, C (reprint author), Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Auburn, AL 36849 USA.
NR 14
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU VETERINARY MEDICINE PUBL CO
PI LENEXA
PA 15333 W 95TH STREET, LENEXA, KS 66219 USA
SN 8750-7943
J9 VET MED-US
JI Vet. Med.
PD APR
PY 2004
VL 99
IS 4
BP A1
EP A12
PG 12
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 816JI
UT WOS:000221105800005
ER

PT J
AU Honig, JE
   Osborne, JC
   Nichol, ST
AF Honig, JE
   Osborne, JC
   Nichol, ST
TI Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus genome L RNA segment and encoded
   protein
SO VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE nairovirus; virus; Crimean; Congo; hemorrhagic; OTU; polymerase; Dugbe;
   L; deubiquitination
ID CYSTEINE PROTEASES; SEQUENCE; POLYMERASE; PATHWAY; DOMAIN; ENZYME
AB Sequence analysis of the L RNA genome segment and predicted encoded L polymerase protein of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus (genus Nairovirus, family Bunyaviridae) demonstrates that they are approximately twice the size of those found in viruses of other bunyavirus genera. The CCHF virus L segment and encoded protein (12164 nucleotides and 3944 amino acids, respectively) are similar in size and sequence to those of the nairovirus Dugbe virus (12255/62% and 4036/62% nucleotide and amino acid length/identity, respectively). The identification of an ovarian tumor (OTU)-like protease motif in the L protein amino termini of the nairoviruses Dugbe, CCHF, and Nairobi sheep disease (NSD) indicates these proteins are members of the recently described OTU-like protease family and suggests that these large proteins may be polyproteins that are autoproteolytically cleaved or involved in deubiquitination. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop G14,1600,Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM snichol@cdc.gov
NR 16
TC 59
Z9 62
U1 0
U2 2
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0042-6822
J9 VIROLOGY
JI Virology
PD MAR 30
PY 2004
VL 321
IS 1
BP 29
EP 35
DI 10.1016/j.virol.2003.09.042
PG 7
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 807KB
UT WOS:000220499300004
PM 15033562
ER

PT J
AU Porter, CH
   Wolff, MI
AF Porter, CH
   Wolff, MI
TI A new species of Wyeomyia (Hystatomyia) (Diptera : Culicidae) from
   Colombia and a redescription of Wy. (Hystatomyia) intonca Dyar & Knab
SO ZOOTAXA
LA English
DT Article
DE Diptera; Culicidae; Wyeomyia; Hystatomyia; new species; bromeliads;
   Colombia
AB Species within the Wyeomyia subgenus Hystatomyia represent one of the dominant mosquito groups utilizing tank bromeliads as larval development sites in mangrove and adjacent forest habitats on the northern Pacific Coast of Colombia. Surveys of phytotelm plants in this region found larval stages of Wy. intonca Dyar & Knab frequently associated with large tank bromeliads, especially of the genus Werauhia, growing in mangrove. Wyeomyia intonca was originally described in 1910 on the basis of a male from the Canal Zone, Panama, and the larval stage was partial described in the 1920s. These incomplete descriptions have led to confusion over its identity and differentiation from Wy. circumcincta Dyar & Knab. Consequently, Wy. intonca is redescribed here. In addition, Wy. chocoensis sp.n. is described from specimens reared from tank bromeliads in the same region where Wy. intonca occurred. The descriptions of these two species, accompanied with relevant illustrations, are of adult males and females and of the pupal and larval stages.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Antioquia, Dept Biol, Medellin, Colombia.
RP Porter, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM cporter@cdc.gov; mwolff@matematicas.udea.edu.co
NR 25
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 1
U2 1
PU MAGNOLIA PRESS
PI AUCKLAND
PA PO BOX 41383, AUCKLAND, 1030, NEW ZEALAND
SN 1175-5334
J9 ZOOTAXA
JI Zootaxa
PD MAR 29
PY 2004
IS 477
BP 1
EP 31
PG 31
WC Zoology
SC Zoology
GA 868DH
UT WOS:000224892700001
ER

PT J
AU Meyer, M
   Ferrell, G
   Bumgarner, JE
   Cole, D
   Hutchins, S
   Krapac, I
   Johnson, K
   Verstraeten, I
   Kolpin, DW
AF Meyer, M
   Ferrell, G
   Bumgarner, JE
   Cole, D
   Hutchins, S
   Krapac, I
   Johnson, K
   Verstraeten, I
   Kolpin, DW
TI Occurrence of antibiotic residues in waste storage facilities at swine
   animal feeding operation.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society
CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004
CL Anaheim, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 US Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA.
   Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Athens, GA USA.
   US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
EM mmeyer@usgs.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 28
PY 2004
VL 227
MA 155-AGFD
BP U53
EP U53
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 851AJ
UT WOS:000223655600163
ER

PT J
AU Ospina, M
   Vesper, HW
   Licea-Perez, H
   Mi, LC
   Myers, GL
AF Ospina, M
   Vesper, HW
   Licea-Perez, H
   Mi, LC
   Myers, GL
TI LC/MS/MS method for the analysis of acrylamide and glycidamide
   hemoglobin adducts.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society
CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004
CL Anaheim, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NCEH, DLS, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 28
PY 2004
VL 227
MA 124-AGFD
BP U48
EP U48
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 851AJ
UT WOS:000223655600132
ER

PT J
AU Vesper, HW
   Licea-Perez, H
   Meyers, T
   Ospina, M
   Myers, GL
AF Vesper, HW
   Licea-Perez, H
   Meyers, T
   Ospina, M
   Myers, GL
TI Pilot study on the impact of potato chips consumption on biomarkers of
   acrylamide exposure.
SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 227th National Meeting of the American-Chemical Society
CY MAR 28-APR 01, 2004
CL Anaheim, CA
SP Amer Chem Soc
C1 NCEH DLS, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM HVesper@cdc.gov
RI Ospina, Maria/C-5111-2012
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA
SN 0065-7727
J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S
JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc.
PD MAR 28
PY 2004
VL 227
MA 081-AGFD
BP U40
EP U40
PN 1
PG 1
WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
SC Chemistry
GA 851AJ
UT WOS:000223655600089
ER

PT J
AU Morris, A
   Kingsley, LA
   Groner, G
   Lebedeva, IP
   Beard, CB
   Norris, KA
AF Morris, A
   Kingsley, LA
   Groner, G
   Lebedeva, IP
   Beard, CB
   Norris, KA
TI Prevalence and clinical predictors of Pneumocystis colonization among
   HIV-infected men
SO AIDS
LA English
DT Article
DE Pneumocystis jiroveci; colonization; HIV infection; Multicenter AIDS
   Cohort; PCP
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CARINII DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE;
   POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS; DNA AMPLIFICATION;
   CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PNEUMONIA; MUTATIONS; GENE; AIDS
AB Background: The epidemiology and transmission of Pneumocystis are poorly understood. The incidence of colonization, or detection of organisms without signs of disease, has been debated, and risk factors for colonization are largely unknown.
   Objective: To determine the rate of Pneumocystis colonization among HIV-infected patients at autopsy and analyze associated clinical variables.
   Methods: Subjects were selected from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Subjects who died from causes other than Pneumocystis pneumonia and consented to autopsy were included in analysis. DNA was extracted from lung tissue, and nested PCR was performed to detect the presence of Pneumocystis. Clinical data were obtained from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine predictors of Pneumocystis colonization.
   Results: Pneumocystis DNA was detected in 42 of 91 (46%) subjects by nested PCR. Clinical variables such as CD4 cell count, use of Pneumocystis prophylaxis or antiretroviral drugs, and history of previous Pneumocystis pneumonia were not related to risk of colonization. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that cigarette smoking was related to an increased risk of colonization [odds ratio (OR), 4.5; 95% confidence interval (Cl), 1.27-15.6; P= 0.02] and risk also varied by city of residence (OR, 0.12; 95%, Cl, 0.03-0.45; P= 0.002 for living in Los Angeles).
   Conclusions: This study found a high rate of Pneumocystis colonization among HIV-infected patients. We also identified cigarette smoking and city of residence as novel, independent risk factors for colonization. The role of subclinical colonization in disease transmission and the effects of Pneumocystis colonization on the lung require further study. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med, Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
   Univ So Calif, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Infect Dis & Microbiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
RP Morris, A (reprint author), 2011 Zonal Ave,HMR 911, Los Angeles, CA 90033 USA.
FU NCRR NIH HHS [5-M01-RR-00722]; NHLBI NIH HHS [K23 HL072837]; NIAID NIH
   HHS [U01-AI-35039, U01-AI-35042, U01-AI-37613, U01-AI-35043,
   U01-AI-35040, U01-AI-37984, U01-AI-35041]
NR 29
TC 67
Z9 70
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0269-9370
J9 AIDS
JI Aids
PD MAR 26
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 5
BP 793
EP 798
DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000111416.91384.b4
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA 816DO
UT WOS:000221090800011
PM 15075515
ER

PT J
AU Atkinson, TP
   Zhu, ZB
   Dai, YL
   Mirel, L
   Kariuki, S
   Udhayakumar, V
   Lal, AA
AF Atkinson, TP
   Zhu, ZB
   Dai, YL
   Mirel, L
   Kariuki, S
   Udhayakumar, V
   Lal, AA
TI High frequency of complement C6 null alleles across sub-Saharan Africa
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 24
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 5
SU S
BP A1162
EP A1162
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZB
UT WOS:000220470701926
ER

PT J
AU de la Rosa, P
   Lewis, DM
   Biagini, RE
   Weissman, DN
AF de la Rosa, P
   Lewis, DM
   Biagini, RE
   Weissman, DN
TI Primary and secondary responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide (PPS)
   vaccine
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 NIOSH, HELD, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
   NIOSH, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 24
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 5
SU S
BP A822
EP A822
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZB
UT WOS:000220470700304
ER

PT J
AU Johnson, VJ
   Yucesoy, B
   Luster, MI
AF Johnson, VJ
   Yucesoy, B
   Luster, MI
TI Role of interleukin-1 in toluene diisocyanate asthma
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 NIOSH, CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009; Yucesoy, Berran/B-4497-2009
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 24
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 5
SU S
BP A1130
EP A1130
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZB
UT WOS:000220470701770
ER

PT J
AU Nicholson, A
   Rajeevan, M
   Unger, E
   Vernon, S
AF Nicholson, A
   Rajeevan, M
   Unger, E
   Vernon, S
TI Evaluation of psychoneuroendocrinimmune (PNI) gene expression in
   peripheral blood
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, VEHB, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 24
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 5
SU S
BP A934
EP A934
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZB
UT WOS:000220470700836
ER

PT J
AU Steinau, M
   Habis, AH
   Lee, DR
   Vernon, SD
   Ruffin, MT
   Verma, M
   Srivastava, S
   Unger, ER
AF Steinau, M
   Habis, AH
   Lee, DR
   Vernon, SD
   Ruffin, MT
   Verma, M
   Srivastava, S
   Unger, ER
TI Molecular signatures of cervical neoplasia: A pilot study of gene
   expression profiling in exfoliated cervical cells
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 24
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 5
SU S
BP A936
EP A936
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZB
UT WOS:000220470700843
ER

PT J
AU Rhodes, L
   Bailey, CM
   Moorman, JE
AF Rhodes, L
   Bailey, CM
   Moorman, JE
TI Asthma prevalence and control characteristics by race/ethnicity - United
   States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 145-148, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Rhodes, L (reprint author), CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 1
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 24
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 12
BP 1435
EP 1436
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 805UI
UT WOS:000220390800009
ER

PT J
AU Hayes, E
   O'Leary, D
   Rasmussen, SA
AF Hayes, E
   O'Leary, D
   Rasmussen, SA
TI Interim guidelines for the evaluation of infants born to mothers
   infected with West Nile Virus during pregnancy (Reprinted from MMWR, vol
   53, pg 154-157, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Hayes, E (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 24
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 12
BP 1436
EP 1438
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 805UI
UT WOS:000220390800010
ER

PT J
AU Biddle, CD
   Imhoff-Kunsch, BC
   Schleicher, RL
AF Biddle, CD
   Imhoff-Kunsch, BC
   Schleicher, RL
TI Measuring retinol in human dried-blood spots using HPLC/UV-visible
   spectrophotometry
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Emory Univ, Grad Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A500
EP A500
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470602408
ER

PT J
AU Bobrow, EA
   Mdebwe, HJ
   Chimtolo, F
   Butao, D
   Banda, T
   Thompson, D
   Buxton, CH
   Timmer, A
   Kalimbira, A
   Chilima, D
   Knowles, J
   Sullivan, K
   Parvanta, I
   Grummer-Strawn, L
   Ortiz, J
AF Bobrow, EA
   Mdebwe, HJ
   Chimtolo, F
   Butao, D
   Banda, T
   Thompson, D
   Buxton, CH
   Timmer, A
   Kalimbira, A
   Chilima, D
   Knowles, J
   Sullivan, K
   Parvanta, I
   Grummer-Strawn, L
   Ortiz, J
TI Vitamin A situation assessment in Malawi: Results from the national
   micronutrient survey
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   UNICEF, Lilongwe, Malawi.
   Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe, Malawi.
   Bunda Coll, Lilongwe, Malawi.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A508
EP A508
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470602449
ER

PT J
AU Borrudl, LG
   McDowell, MA
   Hughes, JP
AF Borrudl, LG
   McDowell, MA
   Hughes, JP
TI Prevalence of high waist circumference among US adults in the National
   Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Orkand Corp, Falls Church, VA 22043 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A148
EP A148
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470600714
ER

PT J
AU Chaudhary-Webb, M
   Erhardt, JG
   Bowen, MB
   Schleicher, RL
AF Chaudhary-Webb, M
   Erhardt, JG
   Bowen, MB
   Schleicher, RL
TI Simplified HPLC/UV detection method for measuring serum retinol
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Univ Indonesia, Fac Publ Hlth, Jakarta, Indonesia.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A499
EP A500
PG 2
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470602407
ER

PT J
AU Fazili, Z
   Pfeiffer, CM
   Jain, R
AF Fazili, Z
   Pfeiffer, CM
   Jain, R
TI Effects of different anticoagulants on folate measurements in paired
   human serum and plasma samples
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A175
EP A175
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470600845
ER

PT J
AU Furr, HC
   Tucker, RT
   Craft, NE
   Chen, HP
   Schleicher, R
AF Furr, HC
   Tucker, RT
   Craft, NE
   Chen, HP
   Schleicher, R
TI Comparison of values from new method for NHANES analysis of vitamins A/E
   and carotenoids to CDC values
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Craft Technol Inc, Wilson, NC USA.
   Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A5
EP A5
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470600026
ER

PT J
AU Kandiah, J
   Techakittiroj, C
   Strahley, ML
AF Kandiah, J
   Techakittiroj, C
   Strahley, ML
TI Iron deficiency and anemia in Malawi: Results from the national
   micronutrient survey
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Annual Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   UNICEF, Lilongwe, Malawi.
   Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe, Malawi.
   Bunda Coll, Lilongwe, Malawi.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
EI 1530-6860
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A509
EP A509
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470602450
ER

PT J
AU Ogden, CL
   Tandon, R
   Rhodes, J
   Wright, JD
   Flegal, KM
AF Ogden, CL
   Tandon, R
   Rhodes, J
   Wright, JD
   Flegal, KM
TI Trends in overweight and soda consumption among children in the United
   States, 1976-2000
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A97
EP A97
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470600473
ER

PT J
AU Rybak, ME
   Pfeiffer, CM
AF Rybak, ME
   Pfeiffer, CM
TI Determination of vitamin B6 by reversed-phase HPLC with chlorite
   postcolumn derivatization
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A175
EP A175
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470600843
ER

PT J
AU Sankaranarayanan, S
   Suarez, M
   Taren, D
   Genaro-Wolf, D
   Pfeiffer, M
   Sowell, A
   Rosales, FJ
AF Sankaranarayanan, S
   Suarez, M
   Taren, D
   Genaro-Wolf, D
   Pfeiffer, M
   Sowell, A
   Rosales, FJ
TI Vitamin A status affects the concentration of free holo-retinol binding
   protein in pregnant women from Nepal
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 Penn State Univ, Huck Inst Life Sci, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
   Boston Coll, Boston, MA USA.
   Univ Arizona, Arizona Hlth Sci Ctr, Coll Publ Hlth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
   CDC, US CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A510
EP A510
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470602455
ER

PT J
AU Summan, M
   Hulderman, T
   Salmen, R
   Li, J
   Simeonova, PP
AF Summan, M
   Hulderman, T
   Salmen, R
   Li, J
   Simeonova, PP
TI TNF alpha and skeletal muscle repair mechanisms
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, DHSS, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A454
EP A454
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470602189
ER

PT J
AU Tompkins, SM
   Lo, CY
   Tumpey, TM
   Epstein, SL
AF Tompkins, SM
   Lo, CY
   Tumpey, TM
   Epstein, SL
TI Protection against lethal influenza virus challenge by RNA interference
   in vivo
SO FASEB JOURNAL
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Experimental Biology 2004 Meeting
CY APR 17-21, 2004
CL Washington, DC
C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Div Cellular & Gene Therapies, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
RI Tompkins, Stephen/A-3317-2008
OI Tompkins, Stephen/0000-0002-1523-5588
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 4
PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA
SN 0892-6638
J9 FASEB J
JI Faseb J.
PD MAR 23
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
SU S
BP A460
EP A460
PG 1
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other
   Topics; Cell Biology
GA 806ZA
UT WOS:000220470602214
ER

PT J
AU Wolfe, ND
   Switzer, WM
   Carr, JK
   Bhullar, VB
   Shanmugam, V
   Tamoufe, U
   Prosser, AT
   Torimiro, JN
   Wright, A
   Mpoudi-Ngole, E
   McCutchan, FE
   Birx, DL
   Folks, TM
   Burke, DS
   Heneine, W
AF Wolfe, ND
   Switzer, WM
   Carr, JK
   Bhullar, VB
   Shanmugam, V
   Tamoufe, U
   Prosser, AT
   Torimiro, JN
   Wright, A
   Mpoudi-Ngole, E
   McCutchan, FE
   Birx, DL
   Folks, TM
   Burke, DS
   Heneine, W
TI Naturally acquired simian retrovirus infections in central African
   hunters
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID FOAMY VIRUS-INFECTION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; NONHUMAN-PRIMATES;
   LABORATORY WORKER; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; POPULATIONS; HEALTH;
   RISK
AB Background Hunting and butchering of wild non-human primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is thought to have sparked the HIV pandemic. Although SIV and other primate retroviruses infect laboratory workers and zoo workers, zoonotic retrovirus transmission has not been documented in natural settings. We investigated zoonotic infection in individuals living in central Africa.
   Methods We obtained behavioural data, plasma samples, and peripheral blood lymphocytes from individuals living in rural villages in Cameroon. We did serological testing, PCR, and sequence analysis to obtain evidence of retrovirus infection.
   Findings Zoonotic infections with simian foamy virus (SFV), a retrovirus endemic in most Old World primates, were identified in people living in central African forests who reported direct contact with blood and body fluids of wild non-human primates. Ten (1%) of 1099 individuals had antibodies to SFV. Sequence analysis from these individuals revealed three geographically-independent human SFV infections, each of which was acquired from a distinct non-human primate lineage: De Brazza's guenon (Cercopithecus neglectus), mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx), and gorilla (Gorilla gorilla), two of which (De Brazza's guenon and mandrill) are naturally infected with SIV.
   Interpretation Our findings show that retroviruses are actively crossing into human populations, and demonstrate that people in central Africa are currently infected with SFV. Contact with non-human primates, such as happens during hunting and butchering, can play a part in the emergence of human retroviruses and the reduction of primate bushmeat hunting has the potential to decrease the frequency of. disease emergence.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB P, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Henry M Jackson Fdn, Rockville, MD USA.
   Army Hlth Res Ctr, Yaounde, Cameroon.
   Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Rockville, MD USA.
RP Wolfe, ND (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St E7132, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
EM nwolfe@jhsph.edu
OI /0000-0002-5704-8094
NR 22
TC 229
Z9 242
U1 2
U2 53
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0140-6736
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD MAR 20
PY 2004
VL 363
IS 9413
BP 932
EP 937
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15787-5
PG 6
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 804OS
UT WOS:000220308600009
PM 15043960
ER

PT J
AU Martinez-Frias, ML
   Bermejo, E
   Rodriguez-Pinilla, E
   Scala, I
   Andria, G
   Botto, L
AF Martinez-Frias, ML
   Bermejo, E
   Rodriguez-Pinilla, E
   Scala, I
   Andria, G
   Botto, L
TI Frequency of the mutation 677C-T of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
   gene on a sample of 652 Spanish liveborn infants
SO MEDICINA CLINICA
LA Spanish
DT Article
DE methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase; T-allele; mutation 677C-T
ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; 5,10-METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE;
   RISK-FACTOR; COMMON MUTATION; SPINA-BIFIDA; DISEASE; POPULATION;
   PREVALENCE; VARIANT; PREECLAMPSIA
AB BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: An international study on the frequency of the mutation 677C-T of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and its genotypes has been performed on a sample of consecutive liveborn infants around the world. In that study Spain participated through the ECEMC group. Here we present the distribution of the frequency of the T-allele by Spanish Regions (Autonomic Comunities).
   SUBJECTS AND METHOD: The ECEMC collaborating physicians gathered blood samples from 15 consecutive liveborn infants in 67 hospitals from all over the country during the same months, specifying the ethnicity and sex of each infant. The frequency of the mutation was estimated through the percentage with its confidence interval. The chi(2) of homogeneity (k-1 degrees of freedom) was used to confirm that the frequencies were not statistically different across the country.
   RESULTS: The frequency distribution of the TT genotype does not differ significantly between Spanish Regions.
   CONCLUSIONS: This seems to be the first nation-wide study on a homogeneous sample of individuals. The observed frequencies are in agreement with those observed in some published studies on specific Spanish geographic areas. The overall frequency is similar to that reported in Mediterranean countries.
C1 CIAC, Inst Salud Carlos III, Minist Sanidad & Consumo, ECEMC, Madrid, Spain.
   Univ Naples, Dept Pediat, Naples, Italy.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Martinez-Frias, ML (reprint author), CIAC, Inst Salud Carlos III, Minist Sanidad & Consumo, ECEMC, Sinesio Delgado,4-6, Madrid, Spain.
NR 23
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 1
PU EDICIONES DOYMA S/L
PI BARCELONA
PA TRAV DE GRACIA 17-21, 08021 BARCELONA, SPAIN
SN 0025-7753
J9 MED CLIN-BARCELONA
JI Med. Clin.
PD MAR 20
PY 2004
VL 122
IS 10
BP 361
EP 364
PG 4
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 814JW
UT WOS:000220972000001
PM 15033038
ER

PT J
AU Kanitz, MH
   Swaminathan, S
   Savage, RE
AF Kanitz, MH
   Swaminathan, S
   Savage, RE
TI Two-dimensional electrophoretic protein profile analysis following
   exposure of human uroepithelial cells to occupational bladder
   carcinogens
SO CANCER LETTERS
LA English
DT Article
DE uroepithelial cells; bladder carcinogen; two-dimensional gel
   electrophoresis; protein biomarkers
ID NEOPLASTIC PROGRESSION; LIVER MICROSOMES; ACID-BINDING; DNA-ADDUCTS;
   RAT-LIVER; CANCER; 4-AMINOBIPHENYL; TRANSFORMATION; INVITRO;
   4,4'-METHYLENEBIS(2-CHLOROANILINE)
AB Protein biomarkers to occupational carcinogens were investigated using a transformable human uroepithelial cell system, SV-HUC.PC. SV-HUC.PC was treated with N-hydroxy-4,4'-methylene bis (2-chloroaniline) (N-OH-MOCA) or N-hydroxy-4 aminobiphenyl (N-OH-ABP). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell lysates compared protein changes across treatments. Increasing N-OH-MOCA resulted in a dose-related increase in protein spots altered. Comparing cell profiles treated with either carcinogen revealed alterations in the expression of nine proteins, identified using the TagIdent database. These demonstrated isoelectric point shift (1) or quantity change (8). Our investigation may be useful in identifying biomarkers of effects of exposure to bladder carcinogens. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 NIOSH, Taft Lab, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
RP Kanitz, MH (reprint author), NIOSH, Taft Lab, Div Appl Res & Technol, MS-C-23,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
EM mhk2@cdc.gov
NR 37
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD
PI CLARE
PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE,
   IRELAND
SN 0304-3835
J9 CANCER LETT
JI Cancer Lett.
PD MAR 18
PY 2004
VL 205
IS 2
BP 121
EP 131
DI 10.1016/j.canlet.2003.09.032
PG 11
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 800OJ
UT WOS:000220037300001
PM 15036644
ER

PT J
AU Gerberding, JL
   Morgan, JG
   Shepard, JO
   Kradin, RL
AF Gerberding, JL
   Morgan, JG
   Shepard, JO
   Kradin, RL
TI An 18-year-old man with respiratory symptoms and shock - Influenza A
   infection with rhabdomyolysis, severe; myoglobinuria; viral
   tracheobronchitis and pneumonia; virus-associated cardiac changes
   ("borderline myocarditis") and catecholamine-induced myonecrosis;
   pericardial effusion. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Hepatic
   centrilobular necrosis. Cardiac hypertrophy of unknown cause.
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ACUTE-RENAL-FAILURE; MYOPERICARDITIS; DISEASE; CHILD
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Cardiac Echo Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Radiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Pathol, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA.
RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 39
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 0
U2 0
PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM
PI WALTHAM
PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD MAR 18
PY 2004
VL 350
IS 12
BP 1236
EP 1247
PG 12
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 803PG
UT WOS:000220242400012
PM 15028828
ER

PT J
AU Acerno, T
   Pelletier, A
   Johnson, J
   Sawyer, M
   Ramsey, L
AF Acerno, T
   Pelletier, A
   Johnson, J
   Sawyer, M
   Ramsey, L
TI Snowmobile fatalities - Maine, New Hampshire, and Vermont, 2002-2003
   (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 1221-1224, 2003)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 New Hampshire Fish & Game Dept, Concord, NH 03301 USA.
   New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Waterbury, VT USA.
   Maine Dept Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Augusta, ME USA.
   CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Acerno, T (reprint author), New Hampshire Fish & Game Dept, Concord, NH 03301 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 17
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 11
BP 1314
EP 1315
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 802PF
UT WOS:000220174700008
ER

PT J
AU Oh, SS
   Croft, JB
   Greenlund, KJ
   Ayala, C
   Zheng, ZJ
   Mensah, GA
   Giles, WH
AF Oh, SS
   Croft, JB
   Greenlund, KJ
   Ayala, C
   Zheng, ZJ
   Mensah, GA
   Giles, WH
TI Disparities in premature deaths from heart disease - 50 states and the
   District of Columbia, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 121-125,
   2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS
C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Oh, SS (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 17
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 11
BP 1316
EP 1317
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 802PF
UT WOS:000220174700009
ER

PT J
AU Hall, HI
   Lee, LM
   Glynn, MK
   Song, R
   Espinoza, L
AF Hall, HI
   Lee, LM
   Glynn, MK
   Song, R
   Espinoza, L
TI Heterosexual transmission of HIV - 29 states, 1999-2002 (Reprinted from
   MMWR, vol 53, pg 125-129, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
   CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 17
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 11
BP 1317
EP 1318
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 802PF
UT WOS:000220174700010
ER

PT J
AU Pappaioanou, M
AF Pappaioanou, M
TI Veterinary medicine protecting and promoting the public's health and
   well-being
SO PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Symposium on One Medicine for the Future
CY NOV   10, 2002
CL St Louis, MO
SP Assoc Vet Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Assoc Teachers, Bayer Anim Hlth
DE veterinary medicine; public health; food safety; emerging infectious
   diseases; bioterrorism preparedness and response
AB Dr. Calvin Schwabe's vision of "One Medicine" has long inspired many in the public health community to strive toward bringing human and veterinary medicine together to improve the public's health and well-being around the world. In an increasingly human-dominated world, as Dr. Schwabe suggested many years ago, human health provides the most-logical unifying or apical cause in veterinary medicine's hierarchy of values. Veterinarians in all aspects of the profession-have opportunity and responsibility to protect the health and well-being of people in all that they do, including protecting food security and safety; addressing threats to antibiotic sensitivity; preventing and controlling zoonotic emerging infectious diseases; protecting environments and ecosystems; participating in bio- and agro-terrorism preparedness and response; using their skills to confront non-zoonotic diseases (such as malaria, HlV/AIDS, vaccine preventable diseases, chronic diseases and injuries); strengthening the public-health infrastructure; and advancing medical science through research. This article provides an overview of contributions made by veterinarians in each of these areas, and discusses the challenges to be overcome and the need for strategic thinking and action to achieve the vision of "one medicine". Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Pappaioanou, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Mailstop D-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM mxp1@cdc.gov
NR 29
TC 15
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-5877
J9 PREV VET MED
JI Prev. Vet. Med.
PD MAR 16
PY 2004
VL 62
IS 3
BP 153
EP 163
DI 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2003.11.001
PG 11
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 809ZX
UT WOS:000220675700001
PM 15041202
ER

PT J
AU Bertoni, AG
   Duren-Winfield, V
   Ambrosius, WT
   McArdle, J
   Sueta, CA
   Massing, MW
   Peacock, S
   Davis, J
   Croft, JB
   Goff, DC
AF Bertoni, AG
   Duren-Winfield, V
   Ambrosius, WT
   McArdle, J
   Sueta, CA
   Massing, MW
   Peacock, S
   Davis, J
   Croft, JB
   Goff, DC
TI Quality of heart failure care in managed Medicare and Medicaid patients
   in North Carolina
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MORTALITY; UNDERUTILIZATION; MORBIDITY; SURVIVAL; HOSPITALIZATIONS;
   INHIBITORS; COMMUNITY
AB Use of angiotensin-converting, enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta-adrenergic receptor blockers in patients with heart failure (HF) remains low despite the results of clinical trials and evidence-based guidelines that support their use. The quality of HF care in managed Medicare and Medicaid programs in North Carolina participating in a HF quality improvement program was assessed. Managed care plans identified adult patients with 1 inpatient or 3 outpatient claims for HF during 2000. A stratified random sample of 971 Medicare and 642 Medicaid patients' outpatient medical records from 5 plans were reviewed by trained nurse abstractors to obtain data regarding type of HF, demographics, comorbidities and therapies. Left ventricular function assessment was performed in 88% of patients. Among 494 patients with systolic dysfunction, 86% were appropriately treated with respect to ACE inhibitors (73% prescribed, 13% had a documented contraindication). In contrast, beta-blocker therapy was appropriate in 61% (49% prescribed, 12% contraindication). There were no,significant differences in drug use by insurance, gender, race, or age. Ventricular function assessment and ACE inhibitor prescription rates are higher than beta-blocker prescription rates among Medicare and Medicaid managed care patients in North Carolina. Opportunities for improvement remain, particularly for beta-blocker use. (C) 2004 by Excerpta Medica, Inc.
C1 Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA.
   Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA.
   Med Review N Carolina, Cary, NC USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Bertoni, AG (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Baptist Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA.
EM abertoni@wfubmc.edu
OI Duren-Winfield, Vanessa/0000-0003-4336-0324
NR 27
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 1
PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA
SN 0002-9149
J9 AM J CARDIOL
JI Am. J. Cardiol.
PD MAR 15
PY 2004
VL 93
IS 6
BP 714
EP 718
DI 10.1016/j.amjcard.2003.11.053
PG 5
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 803ML
UT WOS:000220235100009
PM 15019875
ER

PT J
AU Comstock, RD
   Castillo, EM
   Lindsay, SP
AF Comstock, RD
   Castillo, EM
   Lindsay, SP
TI Four-year review of the use of race and ethnicity in epidemiologic and
   public health research
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE epidemiologic methods; ethnic groups; population groups
ID UNITED-STATES; RACISM
AB To determine how current researchers address the use of race and ethnicity as variables in epidemiologic and public health studies, the authors conducted a comprehensive review of 1,198 articles published in the American Journal of Epidemiology and the American Journal of Public Health from 1996 to 1999. Seventy-seven percent (n = 919) of the articles referred to race or ethnicity. The number of variable categories ranged from 0 to 24, with an average of 3.14 per article. An enormous diversity of terms was used to describe the concepts of race and ethnicity as variables as well as to describe the categories used to assess these variables. Researchers frequently failed to differentiate between the concepts of race and ethnicity, to state the context in which these variables were used, to state the study methods used to assess these variables, and to discuss significant study results based on race or ethnicity. Continued professional commitment is needed to ensure the scientific integrity of race and ethnicity as variables. At a minimum, researchers should clearly state the context in which these valuable epidemiologic and public health study variables are being used, describe the method used to assess and categorize these variables, and discuss all significant findings.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Injury Prevent Serv, Oklahoma City, OK USA.
   Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Div Emergency Med Serv, San Diego, CA USA.
   San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Inst Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
RP Castillo, EM (reprint author), Emergency Med Serv, 6255 Mission Gorge Rd, San Diego, CA 92120 USA.
EM edward.castillo@sdcounty.ca.gov
NR 19
TC 64
Z9 71
U1 0
U2 5
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD MAR 15
PY 2004
VL 159
IS 6
BP 611
EP 619
DI 10.1093/aje/kwh084
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 802RM
UT WOS:000220180600011
PM 15003966
ER

PT J
AU Begier, EM
   Burwen, DR
   Haber, P
   Ball, R
AF Begier, EM
   Burwen, DR
   Haber, P
   Ball, R
CA Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting Sy
TI Postmarketing safety surveillance for typhoid fever vaccines from the
   Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, July 1990 through June 2002
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID VI-CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; ENTERIC-COATED CAPSULES; SALMONELLA-TYPHI;
   UNITED-STATES; FIELD TRIAL; EFFICACY; IMMUNOGENICITY; IMMUNIZATION
AB Vaccines against Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi are used for prophylaxis of international travelers and have potential use as counterbioterrorism agents. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) cannot usually establish causal relationships between vaccines and reported adverse events without further research but has successfully detected unrecognized side effects of vaccine. We reviewed reports to VAERS for US-licensed typhoid fever vaccines for the period of July 1990 through June 2002. We received 321 reports for parenteral Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine and 345 reports for live, oral, attenuated Ty21a vaccine, with 7.5% and 5.5%, respectively, describing death, hospitalization, permanent disability, or life-threatening illness. Unexpected frequently reported symptoms included dizziness and pruritus for Vi vaccine and fatigue and myalgia for Ty21a vaccine. Gastroenteritis-like illness after receipt of Ty21a vaccine and abdominal pain after receipt of Vi vaccine, which are previously recognized events, occasionally required hospitalization. Nonfatal anaphylaxis was reported after both vaccines. VAERS reports do not indicate any unexpected serious side effects that compromise these vaccines' use for travelers' prophylaxis.
C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Div Epidemiol,Vaccine Safety Branch, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Ball, R (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Div Epidemiol,Vaccine Safety Branch, HFM-222,1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA.
EM ballr@cber.fda.gov
NR 34
TC 21
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 6
BP 771
EP 779
DI 10.1086/381548
PG 9
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 800QI
UT WOS:000220042400008
PM 14999618
ER

PT J
AU Trick, WE
   Paule, SM
   Cunningham, S
   Cordell, RL
   Lankford, M
   Stosor, V
   Solomon, SL
   Peterson, LR
AF Trick, WE
   Paule, SM
   Cunningham, S
   Cordell, RL
   Lankford, M
   Stosor, V
   Solomon, SL
   Peterson, LR
TI Detection of vancomycin-resistant enterococci before and after
   antimicrobial therapy: Use of conventional culture and polymerase chain
   reaction
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY; RISK-FACTORS; PCR ASSAY;
   COLONIZATION; FAECIUM; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; HEALTH; STOOL
AB Antimicrobial therapy can increase the colonization density of gastrointestinal vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Among previously VRE-colonized patients, we evaluated VRE colonization before and after initiation of antimicrobial therapy by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and culture. Perianal swab samples were obtained at admission to the hospital and after receipt of antimicrobial therapy. At admission, 12 (21%) of 56 patients were culture positive, and 17 (30%) had vanA or vanB genes detected by PCR. Culture results showed that 25 ( 86%) of 29 culture-negative patients from whom a second swab sample was obtained remained culture negative, 2 (6.9%) had a relapse of colonization with a strain related to the previously colonizing strain type ( 2 and 6 days after admission), and 2 ( 6.9%) tested positive for a previously undetected strain type ( 16 and 19 days after admission). PCR at admission detected VRE in 1 of the 2 patients who later relapsed. Patients with negative results of culture of the initial swab sample and of PCR were unlikely to relapse after receipt of antimicrobial therapy.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
   NW Mem Hosp, Prevent EpiCtr, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
RP Trick, WE (reprint author), Strong Hosp Cook Cty, Collaborat Res Unit, 1900 W Polk St,Ste 1600, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
EM wtrick@cchil.org
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU 515081]
NR 27
TC 9
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 6
BP 780
EP 786
DI 10.1086/381552
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 800QI
UT WOS:000220042400009
PM 14999619
ER

PT J
AU Shepard, CW
   Daneshvar, MI
   Kaiser, RM
   Ashford, DA
   Lonsway, D
   Patel, JB
   Morey, RE
   Jordan, JG
   Weyant, RS
   Fischer, M
AF Shepard, CW
   Daneshvar, MI
   Kaiser, RM
   Ashford, DA
   Lonsway, D
   Patel, JB
   Morey, RE
   Jordan, JG
   Weyant, RS
   Fischer, M
TI Bordetella holmesii bacteremia: A newly recognized clinical entity among
   asplenic patients
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID PERTUSSIS-LIKE SYMPTOMS; ADOLESCENT; SEPTICEMIA; INFECTION; GENE
AB Bordetella holmesii is a recently identified gram-negative bacterial species associated with bacteremia, endocarditis, and respiratory illness, mainly in immunocompromised patients. From isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 1983 through 2000 for further identification, we identified 30 patients with B. holmesii bacteremia. Of the 26 patients for whom data were available, 22 (85%) were anatomically or functionally asplenic. In 25 (96%) of the 26 patients, B. holmesii was the only organism isolated from blood samples, and 14 patients (54%) had B. holmesii recovered from greater than or equal to2 blood cultures. The clinical course of the infection was generally characterized by a nonspecific febrile illness. Twenty-one patients (81%) were treated with various antimicrobial agents, and 20 (77%) were admitted to the hospital. There were no deaths. Our findings support evidence that B. holmesii may be a true pathogen associated with bacteremia among asplenic patients.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Shepard, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM cvs8@cdc.gov
NR 16
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 6
BP 799
EP 804
DI 10.1086/381888
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 800QI
UT WOS:000220042400011
PM 14999621
ER

PT J
AU Paddock, CD
   Sumner, JW
   Comer, JA
   Zaki, SR
   Goldsmith, CS
   Goddard, J
   McLellan, SLF
   Tamminga, CL
   Ohl, CA
AF Paddock, CD
   Sumner, JW
   Comer, JA
   Zaki, SR
   Goldsmith, CS
   Goddard, J
   McLellan, SLF
   Tamminga, CL
   Ohl, CA
TI Rickettsia parkeri: A newly recognized cause of spotted fever
   rickettsiosis in the United States
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID GULF-COAST; TICK; IXODIDAE; ACARI; SEROTYPES; DISEASES; HUMANS; DNA
AB Ticks, including many that bite humans, are hosts to several obligate intracellular bacteria in the spotted fever group (SFG) of the genus Rickettsia. Only Rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, has been definitively associated with disease in humans in the United States. Herein we describe disease in a human caused by Rickettsia parkeri, an SFG rickettsia first identified 160 years ago in Gulf Coast ticks ( Amblyomma maculatum) collected from the southern United States. Confirmation of the infection was accomplished using serological testing, immunohistochemical staining, cell culture isolation, and molecular methods. Application of specific laboratory assays to clinical specimens obtained from patients with febrile, eschar-associated illnesses following a tick bite may identify additional cases of R. parkeri rickettsiosis and possibly other novel SFG rickettsioses in the United States.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA.
   Tulane Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Infect Dis Sect, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
   Portsmouth Naval Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Portsmouth, VA USA.
   Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Infect Dis Sect, Winston Salem, NC USA.
RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G-32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM cpaddock@cdc.gov
NR 38
TC 218
Z9 229
U1 1
U2 8
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 6
BP 805
EP 811
DI 10.1086/381894
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 800QI
UT WOS:000220042400012
PM 14999622
ER

PT J
AU Fitzpatrick, L
   Braden, C
   Cronin, W
   English, J
   Campbell, E
   Valway, S
   Onorato, I
AF Fitzpatrick, L
   Braden, C
   Cronin, W
   English, J
   Campbell, E
   Valway, S
   Onorato, I
TI Investigation of laboratory cross-contamination of mycobacterium
   tuberculosis cultures
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID FALSE-POSITIVE CULTURES; PSEUDO-OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB Many clinicians and laboratory personnel are unaware that a culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis may represent contamination. Laboratory cross-contamination with the M. tuberculosis laboratory control strain (H37Ra) occurs infrequently and therefore demands heightened awareness and recognition. We report 3 occurrences of laboratory cross-contamination from the same laboratory. These occurrences illustrate the importance of interpreting laboratory results in conjunction with the patient's clinical presentation. Failure to recognize laboratory cross-contamination with M. tuberculosis leads to both erroneous administration of unnecessary medications and expenditure of resources required to conduct contact investigations.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Natl Naval Med Res Inst, Dept Hosp Infect Control, Bethesda, MD USA.
   Maryland Dept Hlth & Hyg, Div TB Control, Baltimore, MD USA.
RP Fitzpatrick, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM lfitzpatrick@cdc.gov
NR 7
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 15
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 6
BP E52
EP E54
DI 10.1086/382076
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 800QI
UT WOS:000220042400038
PM 14999647
ER

PT J
AU Pieniazek, NJ
AF Pieniazek, NJ
TI On abandonware
SO SCIENTIST
LA English
DT Letter
C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Pieniazek, NJ (reprint author), CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM nxp3@cdc.gov
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU SCIENTIST INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 3535 MARKET ST, SUITE 200, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-3385 USA
SN 0890-3670
J9 SCIENTIST
JI Scientist
PD MAR 15
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 5
BP 11
EP 11
PG 1
WC Information Science & Library Science; Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Information Science & Library Science; Science & Technology - Other
   Topics
GA 802IZ
UT WOS:000220158500008
ER

PT J
AU Wise, AG
   Monroe, SS
   Hanson, LE
   Grooms, DL
   Sockett, D
   Maes, RK
AF Wise, AG
   Monroe, SS
   Hanson, LE
   Grooms, DL
   Sockett, D
   Maes, RK
TI Molecular characterization of noroviruses detected in diarrheic stools
   of Michigan and Wisconsin dairy calves: circulation of two distinct
   subgroups
SO VIRUS RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE norovirus; NLV; Jena; Newbury agent-2; bovine enteric calicivirus;
   RT-PCR
ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; BOVINE ENTERIC CALICIVIRUSES; UNITED-STATES;
   GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; CECUM CONTENTS; GENOGROUP-II; GASTROENTERITIS;
   DIVERSITY; OUTBREAKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB Noroviruses have emerged as the leading worldwide cause of acute non-bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. The presence of noroviruses in diarrheic stool samples from calves on Michigan and Wisconsin dairy farms was investigated by RT-PCR. Norovirus-positive samples were found on all eight farms studied in Michigan and on 2 out of 14 farms in Wisconsin. Phylogenetic analyses of partial polymerase and capsid sequences, derived for a subset of these bovine noroviruses, showed that these strains formed a group which is genetically distinct from the human noroviruses, but more closely related to genogroup I than to genogroup II human noroviruses. Examination of 2 full and 10 additional partial capsid (ORF2) sequences of these bovine strains revealed the presence of two genetic subgroups or clusters of bovine noroviruses circulating on Michigan and Wisconsin farms. One subgroup is "Jena-like", the other "Newbury agent-2-like". (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Michigan State Univ, Vet Med Ctr A45, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   Michigan State Univ, Vet Med Ctr A45, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Michigan State Univ, Dept Large Anim Clin Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
   Wisconsin Vet Diagnost Labs, Madison, WI 53705 USA.
RP Maes, RK (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Vet Med Ctr A45, Diagnost Ctr Populat & Anim Hlth, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA.
EM wisea@msu.edu; stm2@cdc.gov; hansonlo@cvm.msu.edu; groomsd@cvm.msu.edu;
   donald.sockett@wvdl.wisc.edu; maes@dcpah.msu.edu
OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X
NR 39
TC 36
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0168-1702
J9 VIRUS RES
JI Virus Res.
PD MAR 15
PY 2004
VL 100
IS 2
BP 165
EP 177
DI 10.1016/j.viruses.2003.11.014
PG 13
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 804VO
UT WOS:000220326400003
PM 15019235
ER

PT J
AU Bellanti, JA
   Zeligs, BJ
   Mendez-Inocencio, J
   Garcia-Garcia, MD
   Islas-Romero, R
   Omidvar, B
   Omidvar, J
   Kim, G
   de Castro, JF
   Amor, JS
   Walls, L
   Bellini, WJ
   Valdespino-Gomez, JL
AF Bellanti, JA
   Zeligs, BJ
   Mendez-Inocencio, J
   Garcia-Garcia, MD
   Islas-Romero, R
   Omidvar, B
   Omidvar, J
   Kim, G
   de Castro, JF
   Amor, JS
   Walls, L
   Bellini, WJ
   Valdespino-Gomez, JL
TI Immunologic studies of specific mucosal and systemic immune responses in
   Mexican school children after booster aerosol or subcutaneous
   immunization with measles vaccine
SO VACCINE
LA English
DT Article
DE mucosal and systemic immune responses; measles vaccine; school children
ID ATYPICAL MEASLES; NASAL SECRETIONS; ALTERNATIVE ROUTES; MATERNAL
   ANTIBODY; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; RHESUS MACAQUES; VIRUS; SCHOOLCHILDREN;
   SERUM
AB The purpose of the present study was to compare serum and mucosal immune responses following either aerosol (Aer) or subcutaneous (SQ) measles immunization of Mexican school children. A cohort of 49 children from 6 to 7 years of age received either Aer (n = 22) or SQ (n = 27) Edmonston-Zagreb (EZ) measles vaccine. Serum and nasal secretions were collected prior to (Pre), 1 and 3 months (mos) intervals and analyzed for immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations and measles specific Ig isotype-associated antibody by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Serum and nasal IgG and IgA antibody responses were stimulated following immunization with live, attenuated EZ measles vaccine administered either by SQ or Aer routes but these responses were significantly greater by the Aer compared to the SQ route. These studies also suggest that the level of antibody in these secretions may serve as an important marker of immunity to measles and lend further support for aerosol immunization as an effective alternative vaccine delivery strategy for measles eradication. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Int Ctr Interdisciplinary Studies Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA.
   Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Washington, DC 20007 USA.
   Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Bellanti, JA (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Int Ctr Interdisciplinary Studies Immunol, Washington, DC 20007 USA.
EM bellantj@georgetown.edu
OI Bellanti, Joseph/0000-0002-5038-7202; waluyo, imam/0000-0002-1813-9487
NR 22
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0264-410X
J9 VACCINE
JI Vaccine
PD MAR 12
PY 2004
VL 22
IS 9-10
BP 1214
EP 1220
DI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.09.032
PG 7
WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 804WF
UT WOS:000220328100018
PM 15003650
ER

PT J
CA CDC Who Avian Influenza Response T
TI Outbreaks of avian influenza A (H5N1) in Asia and interim
   recommendations for evaluation and reporting of suspected cases - United
   States, 2004 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 97-100, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID HONG-KONG; INFECTION; WORKERS; RISK
C1 CDC, WHO Avian Influenza Response Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP CDC, WHO Avian Influenza Response Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA
SN 0098-7484
EI 1538-3598
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 10
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 10
BP 1191
EP 1193
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 800XV
UT WOS:000220061900008
ER

PT J
AU Wright, JD
   Kennedy-Stephenson, J
   Wang, CY
   McDowell, MA
   Johnson, CL
AF Wright, JD
   Kennedy-Stephenson, J
   Wang, CY
   McDowell, MA
   Johnson, CL
TI Trends in intake of energy and macronutrients - United States, 1971-2000
   (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 80-82, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID US
C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Wright, JD (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 10
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 0
U2 3
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 10
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 10
BP 1193
EP 1194
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 800XV
UT WOS:000220061900009
ER

PT J
AU Mokdad, AH
   Marks, JS
   Stroup, DF
   Gerberding, JL
AF Mokdad, AH
   Marks, JS
   Stroup, DF
   Gerberding, JL
TI Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID TOTAL CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ALL-CAUSE
   MORTALITY; ILLICIT DRUG-USE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; US ADULTS;
   ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; DIABETES-MELLITUS; LIFE EXPECTANCY; AIR-POLLUTION
AB Context Modifiable behavioral risk factors are leading causes of mortality in the United States. Quantifying these will provide insight into the effects of recent trends and the implications of missed prevention opportunities.
   Objectives To identify and quantify the leading causes of mortality in the United States.
   Design Comprehensive MEDLINE search of English-language articles that identified epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory studies linking risk behaviors and mortality. The search was initially restricted to articles published during or after 1990, but we later included relevant articles published in 1980 to December 31, 2002. Prevalence and relative risk were identified during the literature search. We used 2000 mortality data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to identify the causes and number of deaths. The estimates of cause of death were computed by multiplying estimates of the cause-attributable fraction of preventable deaths with the total mortality data.
   Main Outcome Measures Actual causes of death.
   Results The leading causes of death in 2000 were tobacco (435000 deaths; 18.1% of total US deaths), poor diet and physical inactivity (400000 deaths; 16.6%), and alcohol consumption (85000 deaths; 3.5%). Other actual causes of death were microbial agents (75000), toxic agents (55000), motor vehicle crashes (43000), incidents involving firearms (29000), sexual behaviors (20000), and illicit use of drugs (17000).
   Conclusions These analyses show that smoking remains the leading cause of mortality. However, poor diet and physical inactivity may soon overtake tobacco as the leading cause of death. These findings, along with escalating health care costs and aging population, argue persuasively that the need to establish a more preventive orientation in the US health care and public health systems has become more urgent.
C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   CDCP, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM amokdad@cdc.gov
NR 97
TC 2687
Z9 2735
U1 19
U2 219
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 10
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 10
BP 1238
EP 1245
DI 10.1001/jama.291.10.1238
PG 8
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 800XV
UT WOS:000220061900025
PM 15010446
ER

PT J
AU Nesheim, S
   Henderson, S
   Lindsay, M
   Zuberi, J
   Grimes, V
   Buehler, J
   Lindegren, ML
   Bulterys, M
AF Nesheim, S
   Henderson, S
   Lindsay, M
   Zuberi, J
   Grimes, V
   Buehler, J
   Lindegren, ML
   Bulterys, M
CA CDC
TI Prenatal HIV testing and antiretroviral prophylaxis at an urban hospital
   - Atlanta, Georgia, 1997-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, 1245-1248,
   2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
   CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Nesheim, S (reprint author), Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD MAR 3
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 9
BP 1061
EP 1062
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 780AQ
UT WOS:000189348900008
ER

PT J
AU Mosca, L
   Appel, LJ
   Benjamin, EJ
   Berra, K
   Chandra-Strobos, N
   Fabunmi, RP
   Grady, D
   Haan, CK
   Hayes, SN
   Judelson, DR
   Keenan, NL
   McBride, P
   Oparil, S
   Ouyang, P
   Oz, MC
   Mendelsohn, ME
   Pasternak, RC
   Pinn, VW
   Robertson, RM
   Schenck-Gustafsson, K
   Sila, CA
   Smith, SC
   Sopko, G
   Taylor, AL
   Walsh, BW
   Wenger, NK
   Williams, CL
AF Mosca, L
   Appel, LJ
   Benjamin, EJ
   Berra, K
   Chandra-Strobos, N
   Fabunmi, RP
   Grady, D
   Haan, CK
   Hayes, SN
   Judelson, DR
   Keenan, NL
   McBride, P
   Oparil, S
   Ouyang, P
   Oz, MC
   Mendelsohn, ME
   Pasternak, RC
   Pinn, VW
   Robertson, RM
   Schenck-Gustafsson, K
   Sila, CA
   Smith, SC
   Sopko, G
   Taylor, AL
   Walsh, BW
   Wenger, NK
   Williams, CL
CA Expert Panel Writing Grp
TI Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE AHA Scientific Statements; prevention; women; cardiovascular diseases;
   risk factors
ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RANDOMIZED
   CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HIGH-RISK PATIENTS;
   NONRHEUMATIC ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; CONVERTING-ENZYME-INHIBITOR;
   PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; FACTOR
   INTERVENTION TRIAL
C1 Amer Heart Assoc, Dallas, TX 75231 USA.
   Amer Coll Cardiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.
   Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20090 USA.
   Amer Med Womens Assoc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA.
   Assoc Black Cardiologists, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Soc Thorac Surg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
RP Amer Heart Assoc, Dallas, TX 75231 USA.
OI Hayes, Sharonne/0000-0003-3129-362X; Benjamin,
   Emelia/0000-0003-4076-2336
NR 509
TC 52
Z9 53
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0735-1097
EI 1558-3597
J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL
JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.
PD MAR 3
PY 2004
VL 43
IS 5
BP 900
EP 921
DI 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.02.001
PG 22
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 779AP
UT WOS:000189273700030
PM 14998635
ER

PT J
AU Weber, JT
   Hughes, JM
AF Weber, JT
   Hughes, JM
TI Beyond semmelweis: Moving infection control into the community
SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ABSENTEEISM; ILLNESS
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Weber, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 16
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA
SN 0003-4819
J9 ANN INTERN MED
JI Ann. Intern. Med.
PD MAR 2
PY 2004
VL 140
IS 5
BP 397
EP 398
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 778NC
UT WOS:000189246800010
PM 14996682
ER

PT J
AU Tumpey, TM
   Garcia-Sastre, A
   Taubenberger, JK
   Palese, P
   Swayne, DE
   Basler, CF
AF Tumpey, TM
   Garcia-Sastre, A
   Taubenberger, JK
   Palese, P
   Swayne, DE
   Basler, CF
TI Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of influenza viruses with genes from
   the 1918 pandemic virus
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID A VIRUS; SPANISH INFLUENZA; HONG-KONG; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VACCINE
   STRAINS; H5N1 VIRUSES; HEMAGGLUTININ; MICE; VIRULENCE; REPLICATION
AB The 1918 influenza A H1N1 virus caused the worst pandemic of influenza ever recorded. To better understand the pathogenesis and immunity to the 1918 pandemic virus, we generated recombinant influenza viruses possessing two to five genes of the 1918 influenza virus. Recombinant influenza viruses possessing the hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), matrix (M), nonstructural (NS), and nucleoprotein (NP) genes or any recombinant virus possessing both the HA and NA genes of the 1918 influenza virus were highly lethal for mice. Antigenic analysis by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) tests with ferret and chicken H1N1 antisera demonstrated that the 1918 recombinant viruses antigenically most resembled A/Swine/Iowa/30 (Sw/ Iowa/30) virus but differed from H1N1 viruses isolated since 1930. HI and virus neutralizing (VN) antibodies to 1918 recombinant and Sw/Iowa/30 viruses in human sera were present among individuals born before or shortly after the 1918 pandemic. Mice that received an intramuscular immunization of the homologous or Sw/Iowa/30-inactivated vaccine developed HI and VN antibodies to the 1918 recombinant virus and were completely protected against lethal challenge. Mice that received A/PR/8/34, A/Texas/36/91, or A/New Caledonia/20/99 H1N1 vaccines displayed partial protection from lethal challenge. In contrast, control-vaccinated mice were not protected against lethal challenge and displayed high virus titers in respiratory tissues. Partial vaccine protection mediated by baculovirus-expressed recombinant HA vaccines suggest common cross-reactive epitopes on the H1 HA. These data suggest a strategy of vaccination that would be effective against a reemergent 1918 or 1918-like virus.
C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
   CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, New York, NY 10029 USA.
   Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Cellular Pathol & Genet, Div Mol Pathol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Tumpey, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM tft9@cdc.gov
OI Palese, Peter/0000-0002-0337-5823; Garcia-Sastre,
   Adolfo/0000-0002-6551-1827
FU NIAID NIH HHS [5R01 AI0506919-02]
NR 49
TC 135
Z9 144
U1 0
U2 7
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD MAR 2
PY 2004
VL 101
IS 9
BP 3166
EP 3171
DI 10.1073/pnas.0308391100
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 800ZD
UT WOS:000220065300092
PM 14963236
ER

PT J
AU Kimberly, MM
AF Kimberly, MM
TI Reference material needs in clinical laboratory science
SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 9th International Symposium on Biological and Environment Reference
   Materials
CY JUN 15-19, 2003
CL berlin, GERMANY
DE commutability; JCTLM; reference materials
AB In 1968, clinical chemistry was considered to be the field most in need of certified reference materials (CRMs). While significant progress has been made in this area, new diagnostic assays are continually being developed that create a need for new CRMs. Members of the clinical laboratory community help to identify reference material needs. Professional and governmental organizations, such as IFCC, AACC, NCCLS, CDC, and the national metrological institutes (NMIs), respond to develop protocols and materials. Several measurands are presented as examples. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, in response to a need for standardization of lipid and lipoprotein measurements, CDC developed a reference system that included secondary reference materials. Over the years, the process of preparation of these materials was refined, eventually leading to the development of NCCLS guideline for preparation of commutable frozen serum pools for use as secondary reference materials (C37-A). This protocol was used for the preparation of NIST SRM 1951a (lipids in frozen (liquid) human serum). In the 1980s, a need for a reference material for blood lead was identified. CDC and NIST cooperated to develop SRM 955 (lead in bovine blood). More recently, efforts have been initiated to standardize high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) assays. In this case, a CRM for CRP existed (CRM 470, developed by IFCC and available from IRMM), but at concentrations in the acute phase reactant range and not in the low range needed for hsCRP assays. CDC coordinated a study to evaluate diluted CRM470 and other candidate materials as secondary reference materials for hsCRP assays.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Kimberly, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM mkimberly@cdc.gov
NR 13
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0949-1775
J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR
JI Accredit. Qual. Assur.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 9
IS 4-5
BP 239
EP 241
DI 10.1007/s00769-004-0765-6
PG 3
WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation
SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation
GA 779FY
UT WOS:000189285700011
ER

PT J
AU Gillum, RF
AF Gillum, RF
TI Coronary revascularization in older women and men in the United States:
   Trends in ethnic differences
SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
ID BYPASS GRAFT-SURGERY; INVASIVE CARDIOVASCULAR PROCEDURES; ACUTE
   MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ASSOCIATION TASK-FORCE; OF-VETERANS-AFFAIRS;
   RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; HEART-DISEASE; CARDIAC-CATHETERIZATION; MEDICARE
   BENEFICIARIES; BLACK POPULATIONS
AB Background Many reports of ethnic differences in utilization of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have been published in the post 2 decades. However, revascularization trends in elderly ethnic minorities have received little attention.
   Objectives The purpose of the present study was to determine whether ethnic differences in rates of CABG and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) decreased after 1990 among elderly women and men.
   Methods Data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services were examined for the years 1990 through 1997-99. Numbers of CABG and PTCA procedures performed in Medicare enrollees were used to compute rates per 100,000 non-HMO beneficiaries by year, sex, and ethnicity for persons aged greater than or equal to65 years.
   Results In women and men, the rate of CABG increased in African Americans and in European Americans between 1990 and 1996. However, a decline in numbers and rates of CABG was noted for the first time in 1997. Between 1990 and 1997, the ratio of rates in European Americans to those in African Americans declined somewhat (eg, in women, from 1.79 in 1990 to 1.55 in 1997). Along with steady rapid increases in rates of PTCA in both groups, a decrease in this ratio was noted (eg, in women, from 2.09 in 1990 to 1.54 in 1997 to 1.44 in 1999). This ratio was higher at ages 75 to 84 years than at 65 to 74, declining most at 75 to 84.
   Conclusions Despite apparent decreases in ratios of rates in European Americans to those in African Americans for CABG and inpatient PTCA from 1990-1999, large ethnic differences in utilization of CABG and PTCA persist in the elderly, requiring further evaluation and possible intervention.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
EM rfg2@cdc.gov
NR 38
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 1
PU MOSBY, INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA
SN 0002-8703
J9 AM HEART J
JI Am. Heart J.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 147
IS 3
BP 418
EP 424
DI 10.1016/j.ahj.2003.10.035
PG 7
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 807ZM
UT WOS:000220539400012
PM 14999189
ER

PT J
AU Terlouw, DJ
   Desai, MR
   Wannemuehler, KA
   Kariuki, SK
   Pfeiffer, CM
   Kager, PA
   Shi, YP
   ter Kuile, FO
AF Terlouw, DJ
   Desai, MR
   Wannemuehler, KA
   Kariuki, SK
   Pfeiffer, CM
   Kager, PA
   Shi, YP
   ter Kuile, FO
TI Relation between the response to iron supplementation and sickle cell
   hemoglobin phenotype in preschool children in western Kenya
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Article
DE iron supplementation; sickle cell hemoglobin; hemoglobin; malaria;
   children; Africa
ID TREATED BED NETS; PERENNIAL MALARIA TRANSMISSION; LONGITUDINAL COHORT;
   AREA; MORTALITY; ANEMIA; MORBIDITY; SITE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; DEFICIENCY
AB Background: Iron supplementation has been associated with greater susceptibility to malaria and lower hematologic responses in pregnant Gambian women with sickle cell trait (HbAS) than in similar women with the normal (HbAA) phenotype. It is not known whether a similar interaction exists in children.
   Objective: Our aim was to determine the influence of the HbAS phenotype on hematologic responses and malaria after iron supplementation in anemic (hemoglobin: 70-109 g/L) children aged 2-35 mo.
   Design: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (HbAS, n = 115; HbAA, n = 408) of intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) at 4 and 8 wk and daily supervised iron for 12 wk.
   Results: The mean difference in hemoglobin concentrations at 12 wk between children assigned iron and placebo iron, after adjustment for the effect of IPT-SP, was 9.1 g/L (95% CI: 6.4, 11.8) and 8.2 g/L (4.0, 12.4) in HbAA and HbAS children, respectively (P for interaction = 0.68). Although malaria parasitemia and clinical malaria occurred more often in HbAS children in the iron group than in those in the placebo iron group, this difference was not significant; incidence rate ratios were 1.23 (95% CI: 0.64, 2.34) and 1.41 (0.39, 5.00), respectively. The corresponding incidence rate ratios in HbAA children in the same groups were 1.07 (95% Cl: 0.77, 1.48) and 0.59 (0.35, 1.01), respectively. The corresponding interactions between the effects of iron and hemoglobin phenotype were not significant.
   Conclusions: There was no evidence for a clinically relevant modification by the hemoglobin S phenotype of the effects of iron supplementation in the treatment of mild anemia. The benefits of iron supplementation are likely to outweigh possible risks associated with malaria in children with the HbAA or HbAS phenotype.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya.
   Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis & Trop Med & AIDS, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
RP ter Kuile, FO (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Child & Reprod Hlth Grp, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England.
EM terkuile@liv.ac.uk
NR 28
TC 11
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 79
IS 3
BP 466
EP 472
PG 7
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 777RD
UT WOS:000189190600019
PM 14985223
ER

PT J
AU Farmer, TW
   Price, LSN
   O'Neal, KK
   Leung, MC
   Goforth, JB
   Cairns, BD
   Reese, LRE
AF Farmer, TW
   Price, LSN
   O'Neal, KK
   Leung, MC
   Goforth, JB
   Cairns, BD
   Reese, LRE
TI Exploring risk in early adolescent African American youth
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE adolescence; configurations; adjustment; African American
ID CHILDREN; CONFIGURATIONS; AGGRESSION; VIOLENCE; IMPACT; BOYS
AB Two studies were conducted to explore the degree to which single- and multiple-risk profiles were evident in samples of African American early adolescents in low-income inner-city, rural, and suburban schools. Study 1 examined early adolescent risk status (i.e., single, multiple) in relation to later adjustment in a representative sample (70% European American, 30% African American). Youthwhoexperienced a single risk in early adolescence had moderately increased levels of school dropout and criminal arrests, whereas youth with multiple risks (i.e., combination of 2 or more risks) had significantly increased levels of school dropout, criminal arrests, and teen parenthood. Study 2 examined the extent to which single- and multiple-risk profiles were evident in cross-sectional samples of African American youth from low-income inner-city and rural areas. About one fourth of both the inner-city and rural samples of African American youth were composed of youth in the single- risk category. A significantly greater proportion of boys in the inner-city sample (20%) than boys in the rural sample (13%) experienced multiple risks. Girls across the rural and inner-city samples did not differ in terms of risk. Overall, more than 60% of African American youth in these two low-income samples did not evidence risk for later adjustment problems. Implications for research and intervention are discussed.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Dev Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   NIMH, Dev Psychopathol & Prevent Res Branch, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Farmer, TW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Dev Sci, CB 8115, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM tfarmer@email.unc.edu
FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH52429]; ODCDC CDC HHS [R49CCR419824, U81CCU416369]
NR 19
TC 22
Z9 23
U1 2
U2 4
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 0091-0562
J9 AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL
JI Am. J. Community Psychol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 33
IS 1-2
BP 51
EP 59
DI 10.1023/B:AJCP.0000014318.16652.30
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology,
   Multidisciplinary; Social Work
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work
GA 770EH
UT WOS:000188709900006
PM 15055754
ER

PT J
AU Liller, KD
   Sleet, DA
AF Liller, KD
   Sleet, DA
TI Health promotion research approaches to the prevention of injuries and
   violence
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Article
C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Family Hlth, Tampa, FL 33612 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Liller, KD (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Family Hlth, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA.
EM kliller@hse.usf.edu
NR 9
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU PNG PUBLICATIONS
PI STAR CITY
PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA
SN 1087-3244
J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV
JI Am. J. Health Behav.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 28
SU 1
BP S3
EP S5
PG 3
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 811RZ
UT WOS:000220790300001
PM 15055566
ER

PT J
AU Lutzker, JR
   Sleet, DA
AF Lutzker, JR
   Sleet, DA
TI Lizette Peterson-Homer, PhD (1951-2002) - In memory
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Dev & Evaluat Branch, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Lutzker, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Dev & Evaluat Branch, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM IZL3@cdc.gov
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PNG PUBLICATIONS
PI STAR CITY
PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA
SN 1087-3244
J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV
JI Am. J. Health Behav.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 28
SU 1
BP S69
EP S71
PG 3
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 811RZ
UT WOS:000220790300008
ER

PT J
AU Sleet, DA
   Liller, KD
   White, DD
   Hopkins, K
AF Sleet, DA
   Liller, KD
   White, DD
   Hopkins, K
TI Injuries, injury prevention and public health
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR
LA English
DT Article
DE injury; accidents; public health; health promotion; behavioral science
AB To introduce the readers to the field of injury prevention and comprehensive public health intervention approaches. Methods: A review of injury epidemiology, statistics, definitions, intervention approaches, and the importance of health promotion is provided. Results: Behavioral, environmental, and technological solutions will be necessary to reduce or eliminate the factors that lead to injury. Conclusions: Reductions in injury and their costs will need the support, collaboration, and partnering of several disciplines. The use of sound behavioral and social science theories and methods will be an essential component of intervention effectiveness.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Community & Family Med, Tampa, FL USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Sleet, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MSK63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM dsleet@cdc.gov
NR 17
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU PNG PUBLICATIONS
PI STAR CITY
PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA
SN 1087-3244
J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV
JI Am. J. Health Behav.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 28
SU 1
BP S6
EP S12
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 811RZ
UT WOS:000220790300002
PM 15055567
ER

PT J
AU Kerr, NA
   Yore, MM
   Ham, SA
   Dietz, WH
AF Kerr, NA
   Yore, MM
   Ham, SA
   Dietz, WH
TI Increasing stair use in a worksite through environmental changes
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PROMOTION
LA English
DT Article
DE physical activity; lifestyle risk reduction; intervention studies;
   occupational health; prevention research
ID INTERVENTION; SIGNS
AB Purpose. This study assessed the impact on stair use of four sequential environmental interventions: (1) installing new carpet and painting the walls, (2) adding framed artwork on stair landings, (3) displaying motivational signs throughout the building, and (4) adding a stereo system and playing various types of music in the stairwell.
   Methods. We conducted a longitudinal study with no comparison group to evaluate the impact of environmental changes on stairway use. The setting was the main stairwell in the Centers for Disease Control and, Preventions (CDC) Rhodes Building in Atlanta, Georgia. Proximity sensors were installed in each stairwell entry to moat. tor traffic. The subjects were 554 permanent CDC employees and 110 temporary employees. Changes in stairwell use by intervention were evaluated.
   Results. Both motivational signs and music significantly increased stair use by 8.9% over baseline (p <.05). The increase in sign use occurred in the first 3 months of the intervention, whereas the increase in music occurred after the first 3 months.
   Discussion. These data suggest that physical improvements to a stairwell, signage that encourages stair use, and music may increase physical activity among building occupants.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Yore, MM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Hwy,K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
NR 11
TC 58
Z9 58
U1 4
U2 17
PU AMER J HEALTH PROMOTION INC
PI KEEGO HARBOR
PA 1660 CASS LAKE RD, STE 104, KEEGO HARBOR, MI 48320 USA
SN 0890-1171
J9 AM J HEALTH PROMOT
JI Am. J. Health Promot.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 4
BP 312
EP 315
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 780JX
UT WOS:000189378500007
PM 15011931
ER

PT J
AU Mueller, WH
   Harrist, RB
   Doyle, SR
   Labarthe, DR
AF Mueller, WH
   Harrist, RB
   Doyle, SR
   Labarthe, DR
TI Percentiles of body composition from bioelectrical impedance and body
   measurements in US adolescents 8-17 years old: Project HeartBeat!
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY; FAT-FREE MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; SURVEY
   HHANES 1982-1984; YOUNG-ADULTS; WHITE GIRLS; ANTHROPOMETRIC VARIABLES;
   AMERICAN CHILDREN; TOTAL CHOLESTEROL; CROSS-VALIDATION
AB Reference percentiles (5th, 10th, 50th, 85th, 90th, and 95th) of black and nonblack children ages 8-17 years from Project HeartBeat! (n = 678) are presented for body mass index (BMI), percent body fat (PBF), fat-free mass (FFM), and fat mass (FM) derived from bioelectrical impedance. Project HeartBeat! is a mixed longitudinal study in which three cohorts of children (seen initially at age 8, 11, or 14 years) were followed for 4 years and measured thrice-yearly from 1991 through 1995. Weight, height, and BMI of,Project HeartBeat! children are similar in central tendency and variability to those of nationally representative samples for nonblack children but not black children, for whom there is an excess of children at or above the 95th percentile for weight and BMI. Values of PBF above which cardiovascular risk variables increase (as suggested in the literature) are located at the 85th percentile of the Project HeartBeat! distributions. This percentile of PBF may be tentatively considered as a cutoff point with epidemiological significance for children. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 16:135-150, 2004. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77225 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Mueller, WH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, POB 20186, Houston, TX 77225 USA.
EM wmueller@sph.uth.tmc.edu
FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01-HL-41166]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU609653]
NR 53
TC 27
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1042-0533
J9 AM J HUM BIOL
JI Am. J. Hum. Biol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 16
IS 2
BP 135
EP 150
DI 10.1002/ajhb.20002
PG 16
WC Anthropology; Biology
SC Anthropology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics
GA 800CL
UT WOS:000220006400004
PM 14994313
ER

PT J
AU Yang, QH
   Khoury, MJ
   Botto, L
   Friedman, JM
   Flanders, WD
AF Yang, QH
   Khoury, MJ
   Botto, L
   Friedman, JM
   Flanders, WD
TI Revisiting the clinical validity of multiplex genetic testing in complex
   diseases: Reply to Janssens et al.
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
LA English
DT Letter
ID PREDICTION; MEDICINE; CANCER
C1 CDC, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   CDC, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
RP Yang, QH (reprint author), CDC, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM qay0@cdc.gov
NR 8
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0002-9297
J9 AM J HUM GENET
JI Am. J. Hum. Genet.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 74
IS 3
BP 588
EP 589
DI 10.1086/382054
PG 2
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 801TP
UT WOS:000220118500028
ER

PT J
AU Botto, LD
   Mulinare, J
   Yang, QH
   Liu, YC
   Erickson, JD
AF Botto, LD
   Mulinare, J
   Yang, QH
   Liu, YC
   Erickson, JD
TI Autosomal trisomy and maternal use of multivitamin supplements
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A
LA English
DT Article
DE pregnancy; vitamins; folic acid; prevention; trisomy; Down syndrome;
   chromosomal; congenital abnormality
ID METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE GENE; DOWN-SYNDROME; FOLATE
   METABOLISM; RISK-FACTORS; MUTATION; POLYMORPHISMS; PREVALENCE; ETIOLOGY
AB Recent reports suggest that women carrying certain polymorphisms of folate genes associated with suboptimal folate status might be at increased risk for having a child with Down syndrome or other autosomal trisomies, and hypothesized that maternal use of multivitamin supplements might reduce such risk. To evaluate this hypothesis, we examined data from a population-based case-control study, and contrasted cases of Down syndrome, trisomy 18, and trisomy 13, with unaffected controls. Periconceptional multivitamin use, compared to no such use, was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6-1.3) for having a pregnancy affected by an autosomal trisomy. The OR was 0.8 (95% CI, 0.5-1.3) for Down syndrome and 1.4 (95% CI, 0.5-3.6) for trisomies 13 and 18, with little variation by maternal race or age. Periconceptional multivitamin use was not associated with a major reduction in the risk for common autosomal trisomies. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger)
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, MS E-88,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM LBotto@cdc.gov
NR 14
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 2
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET A
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. A
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 125A
IS 2
BP 113
EP 116
DI 10.1002/ajmg.a.20436
PG 4
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 800CZ
UT WOS:000220007800001
PM 14981710
ER

PT J
AU Spadano, JL
   Bandini, LG
   Must, A
   Dallal, GE
   Dietz, WH
AF Spadano, JL
   Bandini, LG
   Must, A
   Dallal, GE
   Dietz, WH
TI Does menarche mark a period of elevated resting metabolic rate?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
LA English
DT Article
DE parental overweight; puberty; adolescence; obesity; energy expenditure
ID FAT-FREE MASS; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; GROWTH-HORMONE; BODY-COMPOSITION;
   AFRICAN-AMERICAN; MENSTRUAL-CYCLE; ORGAN SIZE; PREMENARCHEAL GIRLS;
   INSULIN-RESISTANCE; ACTIVE COMPONENTS
AB Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition were measured in 44 initially nonoverweight girls at three time points relative to menarche: premenarche (Tanner stage I or 2), menarche (+/-6 mo), and 4 yr after menarche. Mean absolute RMR was 1,167, 1,418, and 1,347 kcal/day, respectively. Absolute RMR was statistically significantly higher at menarche than at 4 yr after menarche despite statistically significantly less fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM), suggesting an elevation in RMR around the time of menarche. The pattern of change in RMR, adjusted for FFM, log transformed FM, age, race, parental overweight, and two interactions (visit by parental overweight, parental overweight by FFM), was also considered. Adjusted RMR did not differ statistically between the visits for girls with two normal-weight parents. For girls with at least one overweight parent, adjusted RMR was statistically significantly lower 4 yr after menarche than at premenarche or menarche. Thus parental overweight may influence changes that occur in RMR during adolescence in girls.
C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   MIT, Gen Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Ctr Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Spadano, JL (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Jean Mayer USDA HNRCA, Dept Epidemiol, 711 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
EM jennifer.spadano@tufts.edu
FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01 RR-00088]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5 PD30 DK-46200,
   DK-HD-50537]
NR 58
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA
SN 0193-1849
J9 AM J PHYSIOL-ENDOC M
JI Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 286
IS 3
BP E456
EP E462
DI 10.1152/ajpendo.00410.2003
PG 7
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Physiology
GA 776XP
UT WOS:000189144900018
PM 14625206
ER

PT J
AU Des Jarlais, DC
   Lyles, C
   Crepaz, N
AF Des Jarlais, DC
   Lyles, C
   Crepaz, N
CA TREND Grp
TI Improving the reporting quality of nonrandomized evaluations of
   behavioral and public health interventions: The TREND statement
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID HIV PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS; RANDOMIZED TRIALS; CONSORT STATEMENT;
   UNITED-STATES; METAANALYSIS; SEX
AB Developing an evidence base for making public health decisions will require using data from evaluation studies with randomized and nonrandomized designs. Assessing individual studies and using studies in quantitative research syntheses require transparent reporting of the study, with sufficient detail and clarity to readily see differences and similarities among studies in the same area. The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement provides guidelines for transparent reporting of randomized clinical trials.
   We present the initial version of the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non-randomized Designs (TREND) statement. These guidelines emphasize the reporting of theories used and descriptions of intervention and comparison conditions, research design, and methods of adjusting for possible biases in evaluation studies that use nonrandomized designs.
C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, New York, NY 10003 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Inst Chem Dependency, 1st Ave & 16 St, New York, NY 10003 USA.
EM dcdesjarla@aol.com
NR 14
TC 588
Z9 597
U1 2
U2 22
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 94
IS 3
BP 361
EP 366
DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.3.361
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 779TQ
UT WOS:000189317400004
PM 14998794
ER

PT J
AU Allegrante, JR
   Sleet, DA
   McGinnis, JM
AF Allegrante, JR
   Sleet, DA
   McGinnis, JM
TI Mayhew Derryberry: Pioneer of health education
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Biographical-Item
C1 Columbia Univ, Teachers Coll, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA.
   Natl Ctr Hlth Educ, New York, NY USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Allegrante, JR (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Teachers Coll, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, 525 W 120th St,Box 114, New York, NY 10027 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 94
IS 3
BP 370
EP 371
DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.3.370
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 779TQ
UT WOS:000189317400007
PM 14998797
ER

PT J
AU Pamuk, ER
   Wagener, DK
   Molla, MT
AF Pamuk, ER
   Wagener, DK
   Molla, MT
TI Achieving national health objectives: The impact on life expectancy and
   on healthy life expectancy
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
AB Our study quantifies the impact of achieving specific Healthy-People 2010 targets and of eliminating racial/ethnic health disparities on summary measures of health. We used life table methods to calculate gains in life expectancy and healthy life expectancy that would result from achievement of Healthy People 2010 objectives or of current mortality rates in the Asian/Pacific Islander (API) population.
   Attainment of Healthy People 2010 mortality targets would increase life expectancy by 2.8 years, and reduction of population-wide mortality rates to current API rates would add 4.1 years. Healthy life expectancy would increase by 5.8 years if Healthy People 2010 mortality and assumed morbidity targets were attained and by 8.1 years if API mortality and activity limitation rates were attained.
   Achievement of specific Healthy People 2010 targets would produce significant increases in longevity and health, and elimination of racial/ethnic health disparities could result in even larger gains.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA.
RP Pamuk, ER (reprint author), POB 1655, Eastsound, WA 98245 USA.
EM epamuk@cdc.gov
NR 16
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 94
IS 3
BP 378
EP 383
DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.3.378
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 779TQ
UT WOS:000189317400009
PM 14998799
ER

PT J
AU Addy, CL
   Wilson, DK
   Kirtland, KA
   Ainsworth, BE
   Sharpe, P
   Kimsey, D
AF Addy, CL
   Wilson, DK
   Kirtland, KA
   Ainsworth, BE
   Sharpe, P
   Kimsey, D
TI Associations of perceived social and physical environmental supports
   with physical activity and walking behavior
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID AUSTRALIAN ADULTS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EXERCISE; INTERVENTIONS; POLICY
AB We evaluated perceived social and environmental supports for physical activity and walking using multivariable modeling. Perceptions were obtained on a sample of households in a southeastern county. Respondents were classified according to physical activity levels and walking behaviors. Respondents who had good street lighting; trusted their neighbors; and used private recreational facilities, parks, playgrounds, and sports fields were more likely to be regularly active. Perceiving neighbors as being active, having access to sidewalks, and using malls were associated with regular walking.
C1 Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
   Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
   Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
   Natl Ctr Chronic Dis Prevent & hlth Promot, CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Phys Activ & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Addy, CL (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, 800 Sumter St, Columbia, SC 29208 USA.
EM caddy@sc.edu
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU409664-06]
NR 23
TC 164
Z9 165
U1 3
U2 21
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 94
IS 3
BP 440
EP 443
DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.3.440
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 779TQ
UT WOS:000189317400020
PM 14998810
ER

PT J
AU Boyd, HA
   Waller, LA
   Flanders, WD
   Beach, MJ
   Sivilus, JS
   Lovince, R
   Lammie, PJ
   Addiss, DG
AF Boyd, HA
   Waller, LA
   Flanders, WD
   Beach, MJ
   Sivilus, JS
   Lovince, R
   Lammie, PJ
   Addiss, DG
TI Community- and individual-level determinants of Wuchereria bancrofti
   infection in Leogane Commune, Haiti
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS
AB We conducted a school-based assessment of the geographic distribution of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Leogane Commune, Haiti, using the immunochromatographic test. In multivariate analyses performed using generalized linear mixed models, children attending schools in the foothills and plains were 3.95 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.28-12.23) and 23.56 (95% CI = 8.99-61.79) times as likely to be infected, respectively, as children attending mountain schools. Infection prevalence decreased with increasing altitude, but some local foci of infection were detected at higher altitudes. Higher school tuition, a marker of socioeconomic status (SES), was not associated with decreased infection prevalence. Our results indicate that although the force of infection in Leogane Commune is greatest below 70 meters above sea level, higher altitude communities are not exempt from infection. Lymphatic filariasis (LF) elimination programs should consider extending infection mapping activities to presumed non-LF altitudes. In addition, higher SES does not confer protection against W. bancrofti infection.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee Facil, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Hop St Croix, Leogane, Haiti.
RP Addiss, DG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee Facil, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM heb6@cdc.gov; lwaller@sph.emory.edu; wflande@sph.emory.edu;
   mjb3@cdc.gov; jeanssivilus@yahoo.fr; Rodrigue.Lovince.1@nd.edu;
   pjl1@cdc.gov; dga1@cdc.gov
NR 14
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 3
BP 266
EP 272
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 802YM
UT WOS:000220198800007
PM 15031515
ER

PT J
AU Abdel Fadeel, M
   Crump, JA
   Mahoney, FJ
   Nakhla, IA
   Mansour, AM
   Reyad, B
   El Melegi, D
   Sultan, Y
   Mintz, ED
   Bibb, WF
AF Abdel Fadeel, M
   Crump, JA
   Mahoney, FJ
   Nakhla, IA
   Mansour, AM
   Reyad, B
   El Melegi, D
   Sultan, Y
   Mintz, ED
   Bibb, WF
TI Rapid diagnosis of typhoid fever by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
   detection of Salmonella serotype typhi antigens in urine
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 51st Annual Meeting of the
   American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene
CY NOV 10-14, 2002
CL DENVER, CO
SP Amer Soc Trop Med Hyg
ID CONTROLLED FIELD TRIAL; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; ENTERIC FEVER; ENDEMIC
   AREA; VI ANTIGEN; WIDAL TEST; HUMAN SERA; VACCINE; ANTIBODIES; SPECIMENS
AB We developed and evaluated an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibodies to capture somatic antigen 9 (09), flagellar antigen d (Hd), and the Vi capsular polysaccharide antigen (Vi) from the urine of persons with and without typhoid fever. Sequential urine samples were collected from 44 patients with blood culture-confirmed typhoid fever and from two control groups. The first control group included patients with brucellosis (n = 12) and those with clinically diagnosed, non-typhoid, acute, febrile illness (n = 27). The second control group was a sample of healthy volunteer laboratory workers (n = 11). When assessed relative to date of fever onset, sensitivity was highest during the first week for all three antigens: Vi was detected in the urine of nine (100%) patients, 09 in 4 (44%) patients, and Hd in 4 (44%) patients. Sequential testing of two urine samples from the same patient improved test sensitivity. Combined testing for Vi with 09 and Hd produced a trend towards increased sensitivity without compromising specificity. The specificity for Vi exceeded 90% when assessed among both febrile and healthy control subjects, but was only 25 %. when assessed among patients with brucellosis. Detection of urinary Vi antigen with this ELISA shows promise for the diagnosis of typhoid fever, particularly when used within the first week after fever onset. However, positive reactions for Vi antigen in patients with brucellosis must be understood before urinary Vi antigen detection can be developed further as a useful rapid diagnostic test.
C1 Naval Med Res Unit 3, Dis Surveillance Program, Serol Chem Sect, Cairo, Egypt.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Cairo Univ, Fac Sci, Cairo, Egypt.
   Cairo Univ, Fac Med, Cairo, Egypt.
   Abbasia Fever Hosp, Cairo, Egypt.
RP Abdel Fadeel, M (reprint author), Naval Med Res Unit 3, Dis Surveillance Program, Serol Chem Sect, PSC 452,Box 5000,Attn Coe 304A,FPO AE 098350007, Cairo, Egypt.
EM fadeelm@namru3.org
NR 28
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 3
BP 323
EP 328
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 802YM
UT WOS:000220198800017
ER

PT J
AU Talan, DA
   Abrahamian, FM
   Moran, GJ
   Mower, WR
   Alagappan, K
   Tiffany, BR
   Pollack, CV
   Steele, MT
   Dunbar, LM
   Bajani, MD
   Weyant, RS
   Ostroff, SM
AF Talan, DA
   Abrahamian, FM
   Moran, GJ
   Mower, WR
   Alagappan, K
   Tiffany, BR
   Pollack, CV
   Steele, MT
   Dunbar, LM
   Bajani, MD
   Weyant, RS
   Ostroff, SM
TI Tetanus immunity and physician compliance with tetanus prophylaxis
   practices among emergency department patients presenting with wounds
SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; ANTITOXIN; ELISA
AB Study objective: We determine tetanus seroprotection rates and physician compliance with tetanus prophylaxis recommendations among patients presenting with wounds.
   Methods: A prospective observational study of patients aged 18 years or older who presented to 5 university-affiliated emergency departments (EDs) because of wounds was conducted between March 1999 and August 2000. Serum antitoxin levels were measured by enzyme immunoassay with seroprotection defined as more than 0.15 IU/mL. Seroprotection rates, risk factors for lack of seroprotection, and rates of physician compliance with tetanus prophylaxis recommendations by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices were determined.
   Results: The seroprotection rate among 1,988 patients was 90.2% (95% confidence interval 88.8% to 91.5%). Groups with significantly lower seroprotection rates were persons aged 70 years or older, 59.5% (risk ratio [RR] 5.2); immigrants from outside North America or Western Europe, 75.3% (RR 3.7); persons with a history of inadequate immunization, 86.3% (RR 2.9); and persons without education beyond grade school, 76.5% (RR 2.5). Despite a history of adequate immunization, 18% of immigrants lacked seroprotection. Overall, 60.9% of patients required tetanus immunization, of whom 57.6% did not receive indicated immunization. Among patients with tetanus-prone wounds, appropriate prophylaxis (ie, tetanus immunoglobulin and toxoid) was provided to none of 504 patients who gave a history of inadequate primary immunization (of whom 15.1% had nonprotective antibody titers) and to 218 (79%) of 276 patients who required only a toxoid booster.
   Conclusion: Although seroprotection rates are generally high in the United States, the risk of tetanus persists in the elderly, immigrants, and persons without education beyond grade school. There is substantial underimmunization in the ED (particularly with regard to use of tetanus immunoglobulin), leaving many patients, especially those from high-risk groups, unprotected. Better awareness of tetanus prophylaxis recommendations is necessary, and future tetanus prophylaxis recommendations may be more effective if they are also based on demographic risk factors.
C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Med, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA.
   Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA.
   Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Ctr Emergency Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA.
   Long Isl Jewish Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, New Hyde Pk, NY 11042 USA.
   Maricopa Cty Gen Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Phoenix, AZ USA.
   Univ Missouri, Truman Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Columbia, MO 65211 USA.
   Louisiana State Univ, Char Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, New Orleans, LA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Talan, DA (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Med, Dept Emergency Med, 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA.
EM idnet@ucla.edu
NR 14
TC 44
Z9 48
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY, INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA
SN 0196-0644
J9 ANN EMERG MED
JI Ann. Emerg. Med.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 43
IS 3
BP 305
EP 314
DI 10.1016/j.am.emergmed.2003.09.017
PG 10
WC Emergency Medicine
SC Emergency Medicine
GA 779TT
UT WOS:000189317600001
PM 14985655
ER

PT J
AU Roper, MH
AF Roper, MH
TI Tetanus prophylaxis in the emergency department
SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID UNITED-STATES; DIPHTHERIA; IMMUNITY
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Roper, MH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Bacterial Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM mroper@cdc.gov
OI Roper, Martha/0000-0002-0897-3793
NR 17
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY, INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA
SN 0196-0644
J9 ANN EMERG MED
JI Ann. Emerg. Med.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 43
IS 3
BP 315
EP 317
DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2003.10.047
PG 3
WC Emergency Medicine
SC Emergency Medicine
GA 779TT
UT WOS:000189317600002
PM 14985656
ER

PT J
AU Talan, DA
   Moran, GJ
   View, O
   Pinner, R
AF Talan, DA
   Moran, GJ
   View, O
   Pinner, R
TI Rapid point-of-care testing for HIV-1 during labor and delivery -
   Chicago, Illinois, 2002
SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE
C1 Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Talan, DA (reprint author), Olive View UCLA Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, 14445 Olive View Dr, Sylmar, CA 91342 USA.
NR 10
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU MOSBY, INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA
SN 0196-0644
J9 ANN EMERG MED
JI Ann. Emerg. Med.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 43
IS 3
BP 339
EP 340
DI 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2003.12.011
PG 2
WC Emergency Medicine
SC Emergency Medicine
GA 779TT
UT WOS:000189317600006
ER

PT J
AU Gillum, RF
AF Gillum, RF
TI Distribution of total serum homocysteine and its association with
   parental history and cardiovascular risk factors at ages 12-16 years:
   The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE total homocysteine; serum; adolescence; risk factors; blood pressure;
   lipoproteins; HDL cholesterol; obesity
ID PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA; METABOLIC SYNDROME;
   VASCULAR-DISEASE; OBESE CHILDREN; DETERMINANTS; HYPERTENSION;
   HOMOCYST(E)INE; RETINOPATHY; ADOLESCENT
AB PURPOSE: To describe the distribution and to assess the association of serum total homocysteine (tHcy) concentration with variables associated with insulin resistance syndrome in adolescent boys and girls.
   METHODS: In the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, adolescents aged 12 to 16 years (n = 941) had parental medical history ascertained and glycated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), body fat distribution, HDL cholesterol, and serum tHcy concentrations were measured.
   RESULTS: Cumulative distribution of serum tHcy in boys was shifted to the right compared with that in girls. A parental history of high blood pressure or stroke before age 50 was significantly positively associated with the subjects' log serum tHcy after adjustment for confounders (beta 0.156, p = 0.003). Log serum tHcy was significantly positively associated with systolic blood pressure in boys after adjustment for confounders (beta = 0.21, p = 0.03). Log serum tHcy was not significantly associated with glycated hemoglobin percent or most other risk factors other than age. Log serum tHcy concentration showed borderline significant (r = -0.15, P = 0.044) inverse association with BMI in girls.
   CONCLUSION: tHcy was associated with parental history of high blood pressure or stroke before age 50 and with systolic blood pressure in adolescent boys. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
EM RGillum@cdc.gov
NR 37
TC 4
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1047-2797
J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL
JI Ann. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 14
IS 3
BP 229
EP 233
DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(03)00242-4
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 780KK
UT WOS:000189379700012
PM 15036228
ER

PT J
AU Peleg, K
   Aharonson-Daniel, L
   Stein, M
   Michaelson, M
   Kluger, Y
   Simon, D
   Noji, EK
AF Peleg, K
   Aharonson-Daniel, L
   Stein, M
   Michaelson, M
   Kluger, Y
   Simon, D
   Noji, EK
CA ITG
TI Gunshot and explosion injuries - Characteristics, outcomes, and
   implications for care of terror-related injuries in Israel
SO ANNALS OF SURGERY
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIPLE INJURIES; SEVERITY SCORE; PATTERNS
AB Context: An increase of terror-related activities may necessitate treatment of mass casualty incidents, requiring a broadening of existing skills and knowledge of various injury mechanisms.
   Objective: To characterize and compare injuries from gunshot and explosion caused by terrorist acts. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients recorded in the Israeli National Trauma Registry (ITR), all due to terror-related injuries, between October 1, 2000, to June 30, 2002. The ITR records all casualty admissions to hospitals, in-hospital deaths, and transfers at 9 of the 23 trauma centers in Israel. All 6 level I trauma centers and 3 of the largest regional trauma centers in the country are included. The registry includes the majority of severe terror-related injuries. Injury diagnoses, severity scores, hospital resource utilization parameters, length of stay (LOS), survival, and disposition.
   Results: A total of 1155 terror-related injuries: 54% by explosion, 36% gunshot wounds (GSW), and 10% by other means. This paper focused on the 2 larger patient subsets: 1033 patients injured by terror-related explosion or GSW. Seventy-one percent of the patients were male, 84% in the GSW group and 63% in the explosion group. More than half (53%) of the patients were 15 to 29 years old, 59% in the GSW group and 48% in the explosion group. GSW patients suffered higher proportions of open wounds (63% versus 53%) and fractures (42% versus 31%). Multiple body-regions injured in a single patient occurred in 62% of explosion victims versus 47% in GSW patients. GSW patients had double the proportion of moderate injuries than explosion victims. Explosion victims have a larger proportion of minor injuries on one hand and critical to fatal injuries on the other. LOS was longer than 2 weeks for 20% (22% in explosion, 18% in GSW). Fifty-one percent of the patients underwent a surgical procedure, 58% in the GSW group and 46% in explosion group. Inpatient death rate was 6.3% (65 patients), 7.8% in the GSW group compared with 5.3% in the explosion group. A larger proportion of gunshot victims died during the first day (97% versus 58%).
   Conclusions: GSW and injuries from explosions differ in the body region of injury, distribution of severity, LOS, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and time of inpatient death. These findings have implications for treatment and for preparedness of hospital resources to treat patients after a terrorist attack in any region of the world. Tailored protocol for patient evaluation and initial treatment should differ between GSW and explosion victims. Hospital organization toward treating and admitting these patients should take into account the different arrival and injury patterns.
C1 Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Gertner Inst, Ctr Trauma & Emergency Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel.
   Rabin Med Ctr, Trauma Serv, Dept Surg, Petah Tiqwa, Israel.
   Rambam Med Ctr, Trauma Unit, Haifa, Israel.
   Tel Aviv Med Ctr & Sch Med, Rabin Trauma Ctr, Dept Surg, Tel Aviv, Israel.
   Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Trauma Unit, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Peleg, K (reprint author), Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Gertner Inst, Ctr Trauma & Emergency Med Res, IL-52621 Tel Hashomer, Israel.
EM kobip@gertner.health.gov.il
RI AHARONSON-DANIEL, LIMOR/F-1998-2012
OI AHARONSON-DANIEL, LIMOR/0000-0003-4585-6892
NR 20
TC 127
Z9 132
U1 1
U2 2
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0003-4932
J9 ANN SURG
JI Ann. Surg.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 239
IS 3
BP 311
EP 318
DI 10.1097/01.sla.0000114012.84732.be
PG 8
WC Surgery
SC Surgery
GA 777RJ
UT WOS:000189191100003
PM 15075646
ER

PT J
AU De Arruda, ME
   Collins, KM
   Hochberg, LP
   Ryan, PR
   Wirtz, RA
   Ryan, JR
AF De Arruda, ME
   Collins, KM
   Hochberg, LP
   Ryan, PR
   Wirtz, RA
   Ryan, JR
TI Quantitative determination of sporozoites and circumsporozoite antigen
   in mosquitoes infected with Plasmodium falciparum or P-vivax
SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MALARIA PARASITE; FIELD-EVALUATION;
   IDENTIFICATION; PROTEINS; VACCINE
AB It is essential for malariologists and researchers to have simple and accurate means of assessing the threat of Plasmodium parasites. An attempt was therefore made to re-standardize one of the circumsporozoite (CS) ELISA that can be used to detect and quantify the circumsporozoite antigens of P. falciparum and P. vivax. A two-site, 'sandwich' ELISA based on a monoclonal antibody was used to test for the CS antigen and sporozoites of each Plasmodium species simultaneously. Using the resultant optical-density values, standard curves, that permit the number of sporozoites in an infected mosquito to be estimated from the quantification of the CS antigen, were constructed. Using these plots and the CS ELISA, the presence of just 12.5 sporozoites (i.e. 0.8 pg CS antigen) of P. falciparum, four sporozoites (3.2 pg antigen) of P. vivax-210 or 12.5 sporozoites (32.0 pg antigen) of P. vivax-247 could be demonstrated.
C1 CPqAM, Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Dept Immunol, BR-50670420 Recife, PE, Brazil.
   Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA.
RP Ryan, JR (reprint author), Cepheid, 120 Beth Court, Athens, GA 30605 USA.
EM ryan@cepheid.com
NR 12
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU MANEY PUBLISHING
PI LEEDS
PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND
SN 0003-4983
J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT
JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 98
IS 2
BP 121
EP 127
DI 10.1179/000349804225003181
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical
   Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical
   Medicine
GA 809XA
UT WOS:000220668200003
PM 15035722
ER

PT J
AU Ibanez, GE
   Buck, CA
   Khatchikian, N
   Norris, FH
AF Ibanez, GE
   Buck, CA
   Khatchikian, N
   Norris, FH
TI Qualitative analysis of coping strategies among Mexican disaster
   survivors
SO ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING
LA English
DT Article
DE disaster; coping; qualitative analysis; Mexican
ID SOCIAL SUPPORT; MODEL; EARTHQUAKE; CONTEXT; IMPACT; WOMEN
AB This study describes the various coping strategies reportedly used by survivors after a disaster. Using unstructured interviews, 27 Mexicans (16 women, 11 men) were asked to recount how they coped with a specific disaster and its aftermath. Interviews were carried out in three cities: Guadalajara, Jalisco ( n =10), Homestead, Florida ( n =6) and Puerto Angel, Oaxaca ( n =11). Guadalajara experienced a neighbourhood sewer explosion, whereas Homestead and Puerto Angel experienced Hurricane Andrew and Hurricane Paulina, respectively. Analysis of common themes revealed seeking support, seeking meaning, problem solving, and avoidance as primary coping strategies in all three cities. Seeking support was the most commonly cited coping strategy. Seeking support may be a universal coping strategy for disaster survivors, whereas other coping strategies varied by context-specific factors such as type of disaster, resource availability, and stage of disaster recovery. Implications for future coping research and interventions are discussed.
C1 Georgia State Univ, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
   Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Natl Ctr Posttraumat Stress Disorder, Hanover, NH 03756 USA.
RP Ibanez, GE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM gbi2@cdc.gov
NR 45
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 5
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
PI ABINGDON
PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1061-5806
J9 ANXIETY STRESS COPIN
JI Anxiety Stress Coping
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 17
IS 1
BP 69
EP 85
DI 10.1080/10615800310001639628
PG 17
WC Neurosciences; Psychiatry; Psychology, Multidisciplinary
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry; Psychology
GA 801IJ
UT WOS:000220089300005
ER

PT J
AU Lowe, BD
AF Lowe, BD
TI Accuracy and validity of observational estimates of shoulder and elbow
   posture
SO APPLIED ERGONOMICS
LA English
DT Article
DE shoulder posture; exposure assessment; musculoskeletal disorders
ID CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS; UPPER-LIMB DISORDERS; MUSCULOSKELETAL
   DISORDERS; INDUSTRIAL-WORKERS; VISUAL-PERCEPTION; WORKING POSTURES;
   NECK; RELIABILITY; EXPOSURE; MODEL
AB This study investigated the accuracy of video-based observational posture analysis for the elbow and shoulder. Posture analyses were conducted by 28 ergonomists for four jobs presented on a traditional VHS formal video recording. Estimates of posture from the observational-based methods were compared with values measured directly with an optical motion capture system. Ergonomists used categorical posture scales and a continuous visual analog scale to estimate the peals and most frequently occurring or average posture for each job. Use of a three-category scale resulted in misclassifications of peak and most frequently occurring elbow and shoulder Posture with a probability averaging 30.1%. With the six-category posture scale this average probability of misclassification increased to 64.9%. Using a continuous visual analog scale peak shoulder elevation was the only posture for which the average error among ergonomists' estimates was significantly different from zero (p<0.05). Correlations between the estimated postures and measured postures were higher and statistically significant (p<0.05) for elbow flexion and shoulder elevation (r(2) between 0.45 and 0.66) but were considerably lower and not significant (r(2) between 0.03 and 0.18) for the peak and average horizontal shoulder abduction. Ergonomists' estimates of the temporal distribution of shoulder posture, indicating the duration severity of the Posture, appeared to be biased such that the percentage of the cycle time in each posture category was estimated as more uniformly distributed than the measured values indicated. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP Lowe, BD (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
EM blowe@edu.gov
NR 35
TC 25
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0003-6870
J9 APPL ERGON
JI Appl. Ergon.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 35
IS 2
BP 159
EP 171
DI 10.1016/j.apergo.2004.01.003
PG 13
WC Engineering, Industrial; Ergonomics; Psychology, Applied
SC Engineering; Psychology
GA 820CL
UT WOS:000221364100011
PM 15105078
ER

PT J
AU Kirschke, DL
   Craig, AS
   Schaffner, W
   Daugherty, JR
   Narramore, J
   Griffin, MR
AF Kirschke, DL
   Craig, AS
   Schaffner, W
   Daugherty, JR
   Narramore, J
   Griffin, MR
TI Childhood immunization rates before and after the implementation of
   medicaid managed care
SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID HEALTH-CARE; CHILDREN; PROGRAM; TENNESSEE; TENNCARE; COVERAGE; VACCINE;
   IMPACT; OPPORTUNITIES; DELIVERY
AB Objective: To evaluate trends in childhood immunization coverage after implementation of Medicaid managed care in Tennessee (TennCare) in 1994.
   Design: Before-and-after study using the Tennessee Department of Health annual cross-sectional survey of children aged 24 months.
   Patients: A mean of 1663 children per year who were randomly sampled during 1986-1999.
   Main Outcome Measure: Completion rate for recommended immunizations by the age of 24 months or younger.
   Results: A total of 23 044 children were included. The proportion of children continuously enrolled in Medicaid from age I to 24 months increased slightly with TennCare. Among children enrolled, immunization rates increased considerably before TennCare (1986-1993) and continued to increase after TennCare (1994-1999), albeit less dramatically. Immunization coverage was significantly lower for children enrolled compared with children not enrolled in fee-for-service Medicaid. Among children enrolled in fee-for-service Medicaid, black children were more likely to be inadequately immunized than white children (40% vs 26%; relative risk [RR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-1.73). These gaps were nearly eliminated after TennCare. An increased proportion of children enrolled in TennCare received immunizations in the private sector. Among children enrolled in fee-for-service Medicaid, those receiving immunizations entirely in the private sector were more likely to have incomplete immunization status than children immunized entirely in the public sector (27% vs 21%; RR, 1.28; 95% Cl, 1.20-1.37). Under TennCare and after implementation of the Vaccines for Children program in Tennessee, the difference was not significant.
   Conclusions: Overall, TennCare had no discernible negative effect on immunization rates in Tennessee and perhaps contributed to decreasing the immunization gap between children enrolled and children not enrolled in Medicaid and between black and white children.
C1 NE Tennessee Reg Hlth Off, Tennessee Dept Hlth, Johnson City, TN 37604 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Kirschke, DL (reprint author), NE Tennessee Reg Hlth Off, Tennessee Dept Hlth, 1233 SW Ave Extens, Johnson City, TN 37604 USA.
EM david.kirschke@state.tn.us
NR 39
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 1072-4710
J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED
JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 158
IS 3
BP 230
EP 235
DI 10.1001/archpedi.158.3.230
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 778ZB
UT WOS:000189270300008
PM 14993081
ER

PT J
AU LeBaron, CW
   Starnes, DM
   Rask, KJ
AF LeBaron, CW
   Starnes, DM
   Rask, KJ
TI The impact of reminder-recall interventions on low vaccination coverage
   in an inner-city population
SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID IMMUNIZATION REGISTRY; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; INFANTS;
   MEASLES; FEEDBACK; PROGRAM; WOMEN; RATES; ACCURACY
AB Background: Reminder-recall interventions have improved immunization rates in numerous studies.
   Objective: To evaluate the impact of large-scale, registry-based reminder-recall interventions on low immunization rates in an inner-city population.
   Design: Randomized, controlled, effectiveness trial .
   Setting: Fulton County, Georgia.
   Participants: A total of 3050 children (76% black, 14% Hispanic, 7% white, and 3% other or unknown; median age, 9 months; range, 1-14 months) identified in an immunization registry as receiving health care in the public sector.
   Interventions: Each child was randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: control (usual care), autodialer (automated telephone or mail reminder recall), outreach (in-person telephone, mail, or home visit recall), and combination (autodialer with outreach backup). Interventions continued until the child reached 24 months of age.
   Main Outcome Measure: Completion by the age of 24 months of the 4-3-1-3 vaccination series based on intention-to-treat analysis.
   Results: A total of 260 (34%) of the 763 patients in the control group, 306 (40%) of the 763 in the autodialer group, 284 (37%) of the 760 in the outreach group, and 293 (38%) of 764 in the combination group completed the vaccination series.
   Conclusion: Large-scale, registry-based reminder-recall interventions produced only small improvements in low immunization rates of an inner-city population.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   EMSTAR Res Inc, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP LeBaron, CW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM clebaron@cdc.gov
RI rask, kimberly/M-8001-2016
NR 39
TC 44
Z9 45
U1 3
U2 6
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 1072-4710
J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED
JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 158
IS 3
BP 255
EP 261
DI 10.1001/archpedi.158.3.255
PG 7
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 778ZB
UT WOS:000189270300012
PM 14993085
ER

PT J
AU Mosca, L
   Appel, LJ
   Benjamin, EJ
   Berra, K
   Chandra-Strobos, N
   Fabunmi, RP
   Grady, D
   Haan, CK
   Hayes, SN
   Judelson, DR
   Keenan, NL
   McBride, P
   Oparil, S
   Ouyang, P
   Oz, MC
   Mendelsohn, ME
   Pasternak, RC
   Pinn, VW
   Robertson, RM
   Schenck-Gustafsson, K
   Sila, CA
   Smith, SC
   Sopko, G
   Taylor, AL
   Walsh, BW
   Wenger, NK
   Williams, CL
AF Mosca, L
   Appel, LJ
   Benjamin, EJ
   Berra, K
   Chandra-Strobos, N
   Fabunmi, RP
   Grady, D
   Haan, CK
   Hayes, SN
   Judelson, DR
   Keenan, NL
   McBride, P
   Oparil, S
   Ouyang, P
   Oz, MC
   Mendelsohn, ME
   Pasternak, RC
   Pinn, VW
   Robertson, RM
   Schenck-Gustafsson, K
   Sila, CA
   Smith, SC
   Sopko, G
   Taylor, AL
   Walsh, BW
   Wenger, NK
   Williams, CL
CA Expert Panel Writing Grp
TI Evidence-based guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention in women
SO ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RANDOMIZED
   CONTROLLED-TRIAL; HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; HIGH-RISK PATIENTS;
   NONRHEUMATIC ATRIAL-FIBRILLATION; CONVERTING-ENZYME-INHIBITOR; FACTOR
   INTERVENTION TRIAL; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; TIME PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY
C1 Amer Heart Assoc, Dallas, TX 75231 USA.
   Amer Coll Cardiol, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA.
   Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20090 USA.
   Amer Med Womens Assoc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA.
   Assoc Black Cardiologists, Atlanta, GA 30328 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   NHLBI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Soc Thorac Surg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
RP Amer Heart Assoc, Dallas, TX 75231 USA.
NR 515
TC 60
Z9 63
U1 0
U2 4
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA
SN 1079-5642
EI 1524-4636
J9 ARTERIOSCL THROM VAS
JI Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 24
IS 3
BP E29
EP E50
DI 10.1161/01.ATV.0000114834.85476.81
PG 22
WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 800UI
UT WOS:000220052800041
PM 15003974
ER

PT J
AU Cleves, MA
   Savell, VH
   Raj, S
   Zhao, WZ
   Correa, A
   Werler, MM
   Hobbs, CA
AF Cleves, MA
   Savell, VH
   Raj, S
   Zhao, WZ
   Correa, A
   Werler, MM
   Hobbs, CA
CA Natl Birth Defects Prevention Stud
TI Maternal use of acetaminophen and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
   (NSAIDs), and muscular ventricular septal defects
SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ventricular septal defects; congenital heart defects; NSAIDs;
   acetaminophen; maternal fever; National Birth Defects Prevention Study
ID CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE; EARLY-PREGNANCY; SPONTANEOUS CLOSURE;
   MULTIVITAMIN USE; CARDIAC DEFECTS; HIGH PREVALENCE; BIRTH-DEFECTS;
   RISK-FACTORS; 1ST YEAR; ASPIRIN
AB BACKGROUND: Muscular ventricular septal defects (mVSDs) are the most common congenital heart defects. Previous studies have suggested maternal use of acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and/or fever as risk factors. We evaluated the association between mVSDs and maternal use of acetaminophen or NSAIDs adjusting for fever. METHODS: Infants with nonsyndromic mVSDs (cases) and without birth defects (controls), with gestational age greater than or equal to37 weeks and their mothers were enrolled in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study. Two exposure periods were defined: the first trimester of pregnancy, and one month before pregnancy through delivery. Mothers reporting fever or medication use at least once during either period were considered exposed. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated independently for each exposure period. RESULTS: The analysis included 168 cases and 692 controls. Two case groups were evaluated: all mVSD infants (n = 168) (including those with associated minor cardiac defects or noncardiac defects), and infants with isolated mVSDs (n = 133). Mothers of cases were less likely to be African-American than Caucasian (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.18, 0.73). Approximately equal numbers of case mothers and control mothers (10.4 versus 9.7%, respectively) reported at least one febrile episode during the first trimester. Neither acetaminophen nor NSAID exposure was significantly associated with mVSDs. This was true for both case groups and both exposure periods. CONCLUSIONS: Significant associations were not detected between the occurrence of mVSDs and maternal use of NSAIDs or acetaminophen adjusting for maternal fever, nor were they detected between maternal fever and mVSDs. (C) Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger)
C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Ctr Birth Defect Res & Prevent, Dept Pediat, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA.
   Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA.
   Driscoll Childrens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Corpus Christi, TX USA.
   Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Stone Epidemiol Ctr, Boston, MA USA.
RP Hobbs, CA (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Arkansas Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Arkansas Ctr Birth Defect Res & Prevent, 11219 Financial Ctr Pkwy,Suite 250, Little Rock, AR 72211 USA.
EM HobbsCharlotte@uams.edu
RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013; 
OI Werler, Martha/0000-0003-3392-6814
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU 613236-02]
NR 40
TC 32
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 6
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1542-0752
J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A
JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 3
BP 107
EP 113
DI 10.1002/bdra.20005
PG 7
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA 808PG
UT WOS:000220580400002
PM 15039924
ER

PT J
AU Howard, DH
   Molinari, NA
   Thorpe, KE
AF Howard, DH
   Molinari, NA
   Thorpe, KE
TI National estimates of medical costs incurred by nonelderly cancer
   patients
SO CANCER
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID CARE COSTS; HEALTH; RETRANSFORMATION; BURDEN
C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Howard, DH (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
EM dhhowar@emory.edu
NR 18
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA
SN 0008-543X
J9 CANCER
JI Cancer
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 100
IS 5
BP 883
EP 891
DI 10.1002/cncr.20063
PG 9
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 775XB
UT WOS:000189085000002
PM 14983481
ER

PT J
AU Coughlin, SS
   Uhler, RJ
   Bobo, JK
   Caplan, L
AF Coughlin, SS
   Uhler, RJ
   Bobo, JK
   Caplan, L
TI Breast cancer screening practices among women in the United States, 2000
SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
DE blacks; breast cancer; cancer prevention and control; clinical breast
   examination; Hispanics; mammography
ID LOW-INCOME; CERVICAL-CANCER; HISPANIC WOMEN; AMERICAN WOMEN;
   PRIMARY-CARE; WHITE WOMEN; PAP SMEAR; MAMMOGRAPHY; BLACK; POPULATION
AB Results from recent studies indicate that many women in the US undergo routine screening for breast cancer, but some groups of women are under-screened. In this study, we examined the breast cancer screening practices of white and black women in the United States, according to Hispanic ethnicity and other factors, using data from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey.
   Among women aged greater than or equal to40 years, 71.2% (95% confidence interval, CI: 70.0-72.4%) of the 8201 white women and 67.6% (95% CI: 64.5-70.6%) of the 1474 black women in this sample reported having a mammogram in the past two years. About 60.3% (95% CI: 56.7-70.3%) of 970 Hispanic women (including those who reported they were white or black) and 71.5% (95% CI: 70.3-72.7%) of 8705 non-Hispanic women reported having a mammogram in the past two years. About 74.8% (95% CI: 73.8-76.8%) of 8176 white women and 73.8% (95% CI: 71.1-76.6%) of 1471 black women aged greater than or equal to40 years had received a clinical breast examination in the past two years. About 60.1% (95% CI: 56.1-64.0%) of 969 Hispanic women (including those who reported they were white or black) and 75.6% (95% CI: 74.6-76.6%) of 8678 non-Hispanic women had received a clinical breast examination in the past two years. Women with lower incomes, those with less education, and recent immigrants were less likely to be screened. Women who had a usual source of health care and those with health insurance coverage were more likely to have been screened. These results underscore the need for continued efforts to ensure that uninsured women and those who are medically underserved have access to cancer screening services.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Battelle Seattle Res Ctr, Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA.
RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM sic9@cdc.gov
NR 28
TC 55
Z9 57
U1 0
U2 6
PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL
PI DORDRECHT
PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS
SN 0957-5243
J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL
JI Cancer Causes Control
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 15
IS 2
BP 159
EP 170
DI 10.1023/B:CACO.0000019496.30145.62
PG 12
WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 803FS
UT WOS:000220217600007
PM 15017128
ER

PT J
AU Habis, AH
   Vernon, SD
   Lee, DR
   Verma, M
   Unger, ER
AF Habis, AH
   Vernon, SD
   Lee, DR
   Verma, M
   Unger, ER
TI Molecular quality of exfoliated cervical cells: Implications for
   molecular epidemiology and biomarker discovery
SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
LA English
DT Article
ID SCATTERING SUBMICROSCOPIC PARTICLES; HIGHLY FLUORESCENT ANALOGS;
   POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS; TRACER LABELS;
   SAMPLES; RNA; TRANSCRIPTS
AB The biologic sample collected in molecular epidemiology studies must accurately reflect the disease being studied and have sufficient molecular quality for the intended assays. Noninvasive sampling methods, such as scrapes or brushes, are increasingly used. In this study, we evaluate the impact of sample collection media and extraction methods on the quality and yield of RNA from routine exfoliated cervical cytology. Excess cellular material remaining on the cytologic collection device after preparation of the routine screening Papanicolaou smear was placed in a variety of collection media and extracted using two commercial kits. The collection media had the largest impact on the yield and quality of RNA as evaluated by denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis and image analysis. Two collection media, PAXgene and PreservCyt, yielded RNA from most samples. The RNA showed some degree of degradation as evidenced by the reduced size of the higher molecular weight ribosomal band. However, with a sensitive gold particle-based detection method, reproducible microarray results were obtained using this RNA.
C1 US PHS, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   NCI, Canc Biomarkers Res Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Unger, ER (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM eru0@cdc.gov
OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635
FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1-CN-0101-01]
NR 13
TC 31
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 4
PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA
SN 1055-9965
J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR
JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 13
IS 3
BP 492
EP 496
PG 5
WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 801FE
UT WOS:000220081000025
PM 15006929
ER

PT J
AU Bates, MN
   Buckland, SJ
   Garrett, N
   Ellis, H
   Needham, LL
   Patterson, DG
   Turner, WE
   Russell, DG
AF Bates, MN
   Buckland, SJ
   Garrett, N
   Ellis, H
   Needham, LL
   Patterson, DG
   Turner, WE
   Russell, DG
TI Persistent organochlorines in the serum of the non-occupationally
   exposed New Zealand population
SO CHEMOSPHERE
LA English
DT Article
DE dioxins; New Zealand; polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins; polychlorinated
   dibenzofurans; polychlorinated biphenyls; (PCBs); organochlorine
   pesticides
ID BREAST-MILK; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; VETERANS; GERMANY;
   HUMANS; WOMEN
AB Concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides were measured in the serum of a sample of the New Zealand population aged 15 years and older. This was the first study to obtain representative measures of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in the adult population of an entire country. Serum samples were obtained in 1996-1997. Potentially occupationally exposed individuals were excluded. Serum samples were pooled according to stratification criteria for area of residence, ethnicity, age, and sex. Of the 80 possible strata, sufficient serum for chemical analysis was available for 60, to which 1,834 individual samples contributed. For the PCDDs and PCDFs, most 2,3,7,8-chlorinated congeners were measured in all strata, with a mean toxic equivalents concentration across all strata of 12.8 ng TEQ kg(-1) lipid. Seven PCB congeners were frequently measured, including the coplanar congeners #126 and #169, quantified in all strata. Of the pesticides and their metabolites, only beta-HCH, dieldrin and pp'-DDE were consistently detected across strata. There was a general trend of increasing concentration with age. There were no consistent differences between the sexes, or between people of Maori (the indigenous people of New Zealand) and non-Maori ethnicity. Concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs tended to increase in a North-South direction, possibly reflecting greater levels of industrialization and population concentration, and concentrations of the pesticide products were highest in the South, possibly reflecting historical use patterns. Results were consistent with a recent study of concentrations of these compounds in the milk of first-time mothers. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   Minist Educ, Wellington, New Zealand.
   Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Porirua, New Zealand.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
RP Bates, MN (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM m_bates@uclink.berkeley.edu
RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; 
OI Garrett, Nick/0000-0001-9289-9743
NR 24
TC 78
Z9 82
U1 2
U2 13
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0045-6535
J9 CHEMOSPHERE
JI Chemosphere
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 54
IS 10
BP 1431
EP 1443
DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.09.040
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology
GA 772VT
UT WOS:000188863100008
PM 14659945
ER

PT J
AU Ford, ES
   Giles, WH
   Mokdad, AH
   Myers, GL
AF Ford, ES
   Giles, WH
   Mokdad, AH
   Myers, GL
TI Distribution and correlates of C-reactive protein concentrations among
   adult US women
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID APPARENTLY HEALTHY-MEN; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; HORMONE
   REPLACEMENT THERAPY; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN;
   INSULIN-RESISTANCE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN;
   METABOLIC SYNDROME; BODY-FAT
AB Background: Understanding the distribution of C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration among adult women in the US helps to establish the magnitude of women at increased risk for cardiovascular disease.
   Methods: We examined the distribution and correlates of CRP, using data from 2205 women greater than or equal to20 years of age from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000. CRP was measured with a high-sensitivity latex-enhanced turbidimetric assay.
   Results: CRP concentration ranged from 0.1 to 296.0 mg/L (median, 2.7 mg/L). After exclusion of women with a CRP concentration >10 mg/L, the median was 2.2 mg/L. Approximately 25.7% of women, representing similar to26.8 million women, did not report using hormone replacement therapy and had a CRP concentration >3.0 to 10 mg/L, a category considered to indicate high risk for cardiovascular disease. Multiple linear regression analysis included age, race or ethnicity, education, smoking status, total cholesterol concentration, triglyceride concentration, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and concentrations of glucose, insulin, c-peptide, and glycated hemoglobin. CRP concentration varied by race or ethnicity (Mexican American > white) and hormone replacement therapy (users > nonusers). In addition, significant and independent associations existed between CRP and waist circumference, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, and systolic blood pressure but not age, smoking status, alcohol use, insulin concentration, glycated hemoglobin, and c-peptide concentration.
   Conclusion: Large numbers of US women have an increased concentration of CRP. (C) 2004 American Association for Clinical Chemistry.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM eford@cdc.gov
NR 40
TC 115
Z9 119
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 50
IS 3
BP 574
EP 581
DI 10.1373/clinchem.2003.027359
PG 8
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA 779GT
UT WOS:000189287500019
PM 14709450
ER

PT J
AU Gaynes, R
   Rimland, D
   Killum, E
   Lowery, HK
   Johnson, TM
   Killgore, G
   Tenover, FC
AF Gaynes, R
   Rimland, D
   Killum, E
   Lowery, HK
   Johnson, TM
   Killgore, G
   Tenover, FC
TI Outbreak of Clostridium difficile infection in a long-term care
   facility: Association with gatifloxacin use
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID DIARRHEA; CIPROFLOXACIN; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COLITIS; COLONIZATION;
   ACQUISITION; RESIDENTS; ANTIBODY; TOXIN
AB To determine the cause of an increase in the rate of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) in a long-term care facility (LTCF), we analyzed CDAD cases among LTCF patients from October 2001 through June 2002. CDAD cases were identified from review of all enzyme immunoassays positive for C. difficile toxin A. The increase coincided with a formulary change from levofloxacin to gatifloxacin. We performed a case-control study in which we randomly selected control subjects from 612 LTCF admissions during this period. Although we examined a variety of risk factors, logistic regression analysis only demonstrated associations between CDAD and use of clindamycin (P = .005) and gatifloxacin, the latter being associated with an increasing risk of CDAD with increasing duration of gatifloxacin therapy (P < .0001). We concluded that an outbreak of CDAD in an LTCF was associated with a formulary change from levofloxacin to gatifloxacin. The rate of CDAD in the LTCF decreased after a change back to levofloxacin.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Atlantic Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Gaynes, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E55,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM rpg1@cdc.gov
NR 30
TC 188
Z9 194
U1 0
U2 3
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 5
BP 640
EP 645
DI 10.1086/381551
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 777EY
UT WOS:000189163900005
PM 14986246
ER

PT J
AU Newman, LM
   Wang, SA
   Ohye, RG
   O'Connor, N
   Lee, MV
   Weinstock, HS
AF Newman, LM
   Wang, SA
   Ohye, RG
   O'Connor, N
   Lee, MV
   Weinstock, HS
TI The epidemiology of fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in
   Hawaii, 2001
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
AB Increases in the number of infections with fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Asia and the United States threaten the efficacy of fluoroquinolones as inexpensive, single-dose, orally administered treatments for gonorrhea. This report describes the findings of a field investigation of an increase in the number of infections with ciprofloxacin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae (CipRGC) in Hawaii in 2001. We conducted a case review of 53 patients with CipRGC, who constituted 20% of the 267 patients with cultures positive for N. gonorrhoeae during this period. Nearly one-half of patients with CipRGC were seen by clinicians in private practice, one-third were seen by clinicians at a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic, and only 2% were seen by clinicians in the military. Among the 117 patients with culture-confirmed gonorrhea who attended the public STD clinic, we found a prevalence of infection with CipRGC of 17%. The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with CipRGC were similar to those of patients with gonorrhea that was not resistant to ciprofloxacin, suggesting that fluoroquinolone-resistant gonorrhea has become endemic in Hawaii.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI USA.
   State Hawaii Dept Hlth, Div Labs, Pearl City, HI USA.
RP Newman, LM (reprint author), Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM len4@cdc.gov
NR 17
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 5
BP 649
EP 654
DI 10.1086/381546
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 777EY
UT WOS:000189163900007
PM 14986248
ER

PT J
AU Boulanger, LL
   Ettestad, P
   Fogarty, JD
   Dennis, DT
   Romig, D
   Mertz, G
AF Boulanger, LL
   Ettestad, P
   Fogarty, JD
   Dennis, DT
   Romig, D
   Mertz, G
TI Gentamicin and tetracyclines for the treatment of human plague: Review
   of 75 cases in New Mexico, 1985-1999
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID YERSINIA-PESTIS INFECTION; CLINICAL FEATURES; BUBONIC PLAGUE;
   UNITED-STATES; CIPROFLOXACIN; DOXYCYCLINE; MANAGEMENT; MICE
AB Streptomycin, an antimicrobial with limited availability, is the treatment of choice for plague, a fulminating and potentially epidemic disease that poses a bioterrorism concern. We evaluated the efficacy of gentamicin and tetracyclines for treating human plague. A medical record review was conducted on all 75 patients with plague who were reported in New Mexico during 1985-1999. Fifty patients were included in an analysis that compared streptomycin-treated patients (n = 14) with those treated with gentamicin and/ or a tetracycline (n = 36). The mean numbers of fever days, hospital days, and complications and the number of deaths did not differ between patients treated with streptomycin and those treated with gentamicin. One patient who received tetracycline alone experienced a serious complication. Gentamicin alone or in combination with a tetracycline was as efficacious as streptomycin for treating human plague. The efficacy of a tetracycline alone could not be determined from the study.
C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   Univ New Mexico, Dept Family Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   Univ New Mexico, Masters Publ Hlth Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   New Mexico Dept Hlth, Off Epidemiol, Santa Fe, NM USA.
   US PHS, Indian Hlth Serv, Crownpoint, NM USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Boulanger, LL (reprint author), 218 Amherst SE, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA.
EM lucyjohn@hotmail.com
NR 39
TC 29
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 5
BP 663
EP 669
DI 10.1086/381545
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 777EY
UT WOS:000189163900009
PM 14986250
ER

PT J
AU Fiore, AE
AF Fiore, AE
TI Hepatitis A transmitted by food
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID OYSTER-ASSOCIATED HEPATITIS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; BORNE OUTBREAK; CLINICAL
   MANIFESTATIONS; MULTISTATE OUTBREAK; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; INACTIVATION;
   EPIDEMIC; SURVIVAL; SHELLFISH
AB Hepatitis A is caused by hepatitis A virus (HAV). Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route, either by direct contact with an HAV-infected person or by ingestion of HAV-contaminated food or water. Foodborne or waterborne hepatitis A outbreaks are relatively uncommon in the United States. However, food handlers with hepatitis A are frequently identified, and evaluation of the need for immunoprophylaxis and implementation of control measures are a considerable burden on public health resources. In addition, HAV-contaminated food may be the source of hepatitis A for an unknown proportion of persons whose source of infection is not identified.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Fiore, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM afiore@cdc.gov
NR 78
TC 130
Z9 135
U1 0
U2 15
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 5
BP 705
EP 715
DI 10.1086/381671
PG 11
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 777EY
UT WOS:000189163900015
PM 14986256
ER

PT J
AU Luke, B
   Martin, JA
AF Luke, B
   Martin, JA
TI The rise in multiple births in the United States: Who, what, when,
   where, and why
SO CLINICAL OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY; INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS;
   PERINATAL-MORTALITY; NATIONAL INSTITUTE; TRIPLET GESTATIONS;
   INFANT-MORTALITY; TWIN PREGNANCIES; CEREBRAL-PALSY; CHILD HEALTH; WEIGHT
C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
RP Luke, B (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Highland Profess Bldg,1801 NW 9th Ave,Room 200H, Miami, FL 33136 USA.
EM bluke@med.miami.edu
NR 43
TC 23
Z9 30
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-9201
J9 CLIN OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Clin. Obstet. Gynecol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 47
IS 1
BP 118
EP 133
DI 10.1097/00003081-200403000-00016
PG 16
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 959PP
UT WOS:000231530500013
PM 15024280
ER

PT J
AU Petersen, R
   Payne, P
   Albright, J
   Holland, H
   Cabral, R
   Curtis, KM
AF Petersen, R
   Payne, P
   Albright, J
   Holland, H
   Cabral, R
   Curtis, KM
TI Applying motivational interviewing to contraceptive counseling: ESP for
   clinicians
SO CONTRACEPTION
LA English
DT Article
DE contraceptive; prevention; counseling; motivational interviewing
ID PRIMARY-CARE; PREVENTION PRACTICES; RISK ASSESSMENT; HIV-INFECTION;
   PHYSICIANS; INTERVENTION; PREGNANCY; SMOKERS; IMPACT; USERS
AB Healthcare providers are in a unique position to address women's risk of unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), yet evidence for effective counseling strategies is limited. One approach to developing effective contraceptive counseling methods may be the application of theory-based behavior counseling models. One such model, motivational interviewing (MI), is a promising approach for addressing risk-taking behaviors of many kinds. We propose application of MI to contraceptive counseling. This process, ESP, involves Exploring discrepancies between pregnancy intention and contraceptive use and between risk of STIs and condom use, Sharing information and Promoting behaviors to reduce risk. This model emphasizes the importance of identifying discrepancies between goals and behaviors and supporting women's confidence in using appropriate contraceptive methods. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Cecil G Sheps Ctr Hlth Serv Res, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Petersen, R (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, CB 7590, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.
EM ruth_petersen@unc.edu
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU300860TS-0768]
NR 35
TC 20
Z9 20
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-7824
J9 CONTRACEPTION
JI Contraception
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 69
IS 3
BP 213
EP 217
DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2003.10.007
PG 5
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 777AZ
UT WOS:000189153000007
PM 14969669
ER

PT J
AU Golden, MR
   Whittington, WLH
   Handsfield, HH
   Clark, A
   Malinski, C
   Helmers, JR
   Hogben, M
   Holmes, KK
AF Golden, MR
   Whittington, WLH
   Handsfield, HH
   Clark, A
   Malinski, C
   Helmers, JR
   Hogben, M
   Holmes, KK
TI Failure of family-planning referral and high interest in advanced
   provision emergency contraception among women contacted for STD partner
   notification
SO CONTRACEPTION
LA English
DT Article
DE family planning; emergency contraception; sexually transmitted diseases;
   gonorrhea; Chlamydia trachomatis
ID CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; UNINTENDED PREGNANCY; SERVICES;
   CRITERIA; CLINICS; YOUNG; RISK
AB Background: Few data are available on the risk of unintended pregnancy in women with STD or how contraceptive services can be integrated into STD control activities.
   Objective: To define the risk for unintended pregnancy and assess the effectiveness of family-planning (FP) referral and interest in advanced provision emergency contraception (APEC) among women with gonorrhea or chlamydial infection.
   Methods: Female participants in a randomized trial of different approaches to partner notification were interviewed, offered referral for FP services and asked if they would want APEC.
   Results: Among participants ages 14-24, the observed past pregnancy rate and age-adjusted anticipated past pregnancy rate were, respectively, 196 and 72 per 1000 women-years. Of 474 nonpregnant participants who did not desire pregnancy, 127 (34%) were using no contraception or condoms alone, of whom 8 (6%) requested a FP appointment and 81% wanted APEC.
   Conclusions: Women treated for STD are at high-risk for unintended pregnancy. Although referral for FP was ineffective, interest in APEC was very high. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
   Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Ctr AIDS & STD, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
   Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Std Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Golden, MR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Div Infect Dis, Box 359777,325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA.
EM golden@u.washington.edu
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI31448, K23 AI01846-02]
NR 21
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0010-7824
J9 CONTRACEPTION
JI Contraception
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 69
IS 3
BP 241
EP 246
DI 10.1016/j.contraception.2003.10.018
PG 6
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 777AZ
UT WOS:000189153000011
PM 14969673
ER

PT J
AU Rao, JK
   Hootman, JM
AF Rao, JK
   Hootman, JM
TI Prevention research and rheumatic disease
SO CURRENT OPINION IN RHEUMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
DE prevention; arthritis; cohort; intervention
ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; LOW-BACK-PAIN;
   SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; ARTHRITIS SELF-MANAGEMENT;
   HEALTH-EDUCATION PROGRAM; TOTAL HIP-ARTHROPLASTY; OLDER-ADULTS; KNEE
   OSTEOARTHRITIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY
AB Purpose of review Prevention may occur in clinical, community, or population settings and is often classified into primary, secondary, and tertiary types. To provide a context for this review, we define the three types and provide general and arthritis-specific examples of prevention strategies. Next, we highlight recently published longitudinal cohort and intervention studies that focus on arthritis prevention in the following topic areas: cognitive and behavioral strategies, obesity, exercise, and occupational injury prevention.
   Recent findings Few studies examined primary prevention strategies. In one study, an educational intervention significantly changed tick-related knowledge and behaviors among a population at risk of Lyme disease. Another population-based study used a mailed, stage-based educational program to successfully increase physical activity levels; this intervention may have practical application as a primary or tertiary prevention strategy for arthritis. Tertiary prevention research received much attention: Recent studies extend the benefits of exercise and cognitive-behavioral interventions to persons with different rheumatic conditions (eg, neck pain, low back pain, systemic lupus erythematosus, fibromyalgia). Longitudinal cohort studies improve our understanding of the relationships between computer use and carpal tunnel syndrome among office workers, birth weight and hand osteoarthritis, and baseline balance and functional declines among older adults with knee pain.
   Summary Prevention of arthritis and its complications is an active focus of investigation. Primary prevention research remains a challenge because of the prolonged time frame for disease expression. Scientific evidence continues to provide support for tertiary prevention strategies among people with documented rheumatic disease.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Rao, JK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM jrao@cdc.gov
RI Agaliotis, Maria/G-5334-2012
NR 64
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 3
U2 11
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1040-8711
J9 CURR OPIN RHEUMATOL
JI CURR. OPIN. RHEUMATOL.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 16
IS 2
BP 119
EP 124
DI 10.1097/00002281-200403000-00008
PG 6
WC Rheumatology
SC Rheumatology
GA 779FV
UT WOS:000189285400007
PM 14770096
ER

PT J
AU Gregg, EW
   Gerzoff, RB
   Thompson, TJ
   Williamson, DF
AF Gregg, EW
   Gerzoff, RB
   Thompson, TJ
   Williamson, DF
TI Trying to lose weight, losing weight, and 9-year mortality in overweight
   US adults with diabetes
SO DIABETES CARE
LA English
DT Article
ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; DIETARY-FAT INTAKE;
   BODY-MASS INDEX; WOMENS HEALTH; OLDER WOMEN; POPULATION; RISK;
   INTERVENTION; VARIABILITY
AB OBJECTIVE - The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between intention to lose weight, actual weight loss, and all-cause mortality among overweight individuals with diabetes.
   RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We performed a prospective analysis among 1,401 overweight diabetic adults aged greater than or equal to35 years sampled in the National Health Interview Survey. The previous year intention to lose weight and weight change were assessed by self-report. Nine-year mortality rates were examined according to intent to lose weight and weight loss, which were adjusted for age, sex, education, ethnicity, smoking, initial body weight, and diabetes complications.
   RESULTS- Individuals trying to lose weight had a 23% lower mortality rate (hazard rate ratio [HRR] 0.77, 95% CI 0.61-0.99) than those who reported not trying to lose weight. This association was as strong for those who failed to lose weight (0.72, 0.55-0.96) as for those who succeeded in losing weight (0.83, 0.63-1.08). Trying to lose weight was beneficial for overweight (BMI 25-30 kg/m(2)) individuals (0.62, 0.46-0.83) but not for obese (BMI >30) individuals (1.17, 0.72-1.92). Overall weight loss, without regard to intent, was associated with an increase of 22% (1.22, 0.99-1.50) in the mortality rate. This increase was largely explained by unintentional weight loss, which was associated with a 58% (1.58, 1.08-2.31) higher mortality rate.
   CONCLUSIONS - Overweight diabetic adults trying to lose weight have a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, independent of whether they lose weight. Actual weight loss is associated with increased mortality only if the weight loss is unintentional.
C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM edg7@cdc.gov
NR 27
TC 48
Z9 49
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA
SN 0149-5992
J9 DIABETES CARE
JI Diabetes Care
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 27
IS 3
BP 657
EP 662
DI 10.2337/diacare.27.3.657
PG 6
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 779NU
UT WOS:000189307400003
PM 14988281
ER

PT J
AU Gopalakrishna, G
   Choo, P
   Leo, YS
   Tay, BK
   Lim, YT
   Khan, AS
   Tan, CC
AF Gopalakrishna, G
   Choo, P
   Leo, YS
   Tay, BK
   Lim, YT
   Khan, AS
   Tan, CC
TI SARS transmission and hospital containment
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID OUTBREAK
AB An outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was detected in Singapore at the beginning of March 2003. The outbreak, initiated by a traveler to Hong Kong in late February 2003, led to sequential spread of SARS to three major acute-care hospitals in Singapore. Critical factors in containing this outbreak were early detection and complete assessment of movements and follow-up of patients, healthcare workers, and visitors who were contacts. Visitor records were important in helping identify exposed persons who could carry the infection into the community. In the three hospital outbreaks, three different containment strategies were used to contain spread of infection: closing an entire hospital, removing all potentially infected persons to a dedicated SARS hospital, and managing exposed persons in place. On the basis of this experience, if a nosocomial outbreak is detected late, a hospital may need to be closed in order to contain spread of the disease. Outbreaks detected early can be managed by either removing all exposed persons to a designated location or isolating and managing them in place.
C1 Minist Hlth, Singapore 169854, Singapore.
   Tan Tock Seng Hosp, Singapore, Singapore.
   Singapore Gen Hosp, Singapore 0316, Singapore.
   Natl Univ Singapore Hosp, Singapore 117548, Singapore.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Tan, CC (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Coll Med Bldg,16 Coll Rd, Singapore 169854, Singapore.
EM tan_chorh_chuan@moh.gov.sg
NR 5
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 1
PU CENTERS  DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 3
BP 395
EP 400
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 801EO
UT WOS:000220079400002
PM 15109403
ER

PT J
AU Meites, E
   Jay, MT
   Deresinski, S
   Shieh, WJ
   Zaki, SR
   Tompkins, L
   Smith, DS
AF Meites, E
   Jay, MT
   Deresinski, S
   Shieh, WJ
   Zaki, SR
   Tompkins, L
   Smith, DS
TI Reemerging leptospirosis, California
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID TRIATHLON; OUTBREAK
AB Leptospirosis is a reemerging infectious disease in California. Leptospirosis is the most widespread zoonosis throughout the world, though it is infrequently diagnosed in the continental United States. From 1982 to 2001, most reported California cases occurred in previously healthy young adult white men after recreational exposures to contaminated freshwater. We report five recent cases of human leptospirosis acquired in California, including the first documented common-source outbreak of human leptospirosis acquired in this state, and describe the subsequent environmental investigation. Salient features in the California cases include high fever with uniform renal impairment and mild hepatitis. Because leptospirosis can progress rapidly if untreated, this reemerging infection deserves consideration in febrile patients with a history of recreational freshwater exposure, even in states with a low reported incidence of infection.
C1 Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA.
   Santa Clara Valley Med Ctr, San Jose, CA 95128 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Kaiser Permanente Med Grp, Redwood City, CA USA.
RP Smith, DS (reprint author), Div Infect Dis & Geog Med, 1150 Vet Blvd, Redwood City, CA 94063 USA.
EM darvin.s.smith@kp.org
OI Meites, Elissa/0000-0002-0077-2591
NR 28
TC 79
Z9 86
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 3
BP 406
EP 412
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 801EO
UT WOS:000220079400004
PM 15109405
ER

PT J
AU Petersen, JM
   Schriefer, ME
   Carter, LG
   Zhou, Y
   Sealy, T
   Bawiec, D
   Yockey, B
   Urich, S
   Zeidner, NS
   Avashia, S
   Kool, JL
   Buck, J
   Lindley, C
   Celeda, L
   Monteneiri, JA
   Gage, KL
   Chu, MC
AF Petersen, JM
   Schriefer, ME
   Carter, LG
   Zhou, Y
   Sealy, T
   Bawiec, D
   Yockey, B
   Urich, S
   Zeidner, NS
   Avashia, S
   Kool, JL
   Buck, J
   Lindley, C
   Celeda, L
   Monteneiri, JA
   Gage, KL
   Chu, MC
TI Laboratory analysis of tularemia in wild-trapped, commercially traded
   prairie dogs, Texas, 2002
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID TULARENSIS; ANTIBODIES
AB Oropharyngeal tularemia was identified as the cause of a die-off in captured wild prairie dogs at a commercial exotic animal facility in Texas. From this point source, Francisella tularensis-infected prairie dogs were traced to animals distributed to the Czech Republic and to a Texas pet shop. F tularensis culture isolates were recovered (or made) from 63 prairie dogs, including one each from the secondary distribution sites. Molecular and biochemical subtyping indicated that all isolates were F tularensis subsp. holarctica (Type B). Microagglutination assays detected antibodies against F tularensis, with titers as great as 1:4,096 in some live animals. All seropositive animals remained culture positive, suggesting that prairie dogs may act as chronic carriers of F tularensis. These findings demonstrate the need for additional studies of tularemia in prairie dogs, given the seriousness of the resulting disease, the fact that prairie dogs are sold commercially as pets, and the risk for pet-to-human transmission.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Diagnost & Reference Sect, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Texas Dept Hlth, Arlington, TX USA.
   State Vet Adm, Prague, Czech Republic.
RP Petersen, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Diagnost & Reference Sect, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
EM nzp0@cdc.gov
NR 19
TC 45
Z9 48
U1 1
U2 9
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 3
BP 419
EP 425
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 801EO
UT WOS:000220079400006
PM 15109407
ER

PT J
AU Guarner, J
   Johnson, BJ
   Paddock, CD
   Shieh, WJ
   Goldsmith, CS
   Reynolds, MG
   Damon, IK
   Regnery, RL
   Zaki, SR
AF Guarner, J
   Johnson, BJ
   Paddock, CD
   Shieh, WJ
   Goldsmith, CS
   Reynolds, MG
   Damon, IK
   Regnery, RL
   Zaki, SR
CA Vet Monkeypox Virus Working Grp
TI Monkeypox transmission and pathogenesis in prairie dogs
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID PARAFFIN-EMBEDDED TISSUE; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION;
   VIRUS-INFECTION; PATHOLOGY; SMALLPOX; FEATURES; DISEASE; CONGO; PCR
AB During May and June 2003, the first cluster of human monkeypox cases in the United States was reported. Most patients with this febrile vesicular rash illness presumably acquired the infection from prairie dogs. Monkeypox virus was demonstrated by using polymerase chain reaction 'in two prairie dogs in which pathologic studies showed necrotizing bronchopneumonia, conjunctivitis, and tongue ulceration. Immunohistochemical assays for orthopoxviruses demonstrated abundant viral antigens in surface epithelial cells of lesions in conjunctivae and tongue, with lower amounts in adjacent macrophages, fibroblasts, and connective tissues. Viral antigens in the lung were abundant in bronchial epithelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Virus isolation and electron microscopy demonstrated active viral replication in lungs and tongue. These findings indicate that both respiratory and direct mucocutaneous exposures are potentially important routes of transmission of monkeypox virus between rodents and to humans. Prairie dogs offer insights into transmission, pathogenesis, and new vaccine and treatment trials because they are susceptible to severe monkeypox infection.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Oklahoma State Univ, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.
RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop G32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM jguarner@cdc.gov
RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013
NR 26
TC 74
Z9 83
U1 0
U2 3
PU CENTERS  DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
EI 1080-6059
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 3
BP 426
EP 431
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 801EO
UT WOS:000220079400007
PM 15109408
ER

PT J
AU Sorvillo, FJ
   Portigal, L
   DeGiorgio, C
   Smith, L
   Waterman, SH
   Berlin, GW
   Ash, LR
AF Sorvillo, FJ
   Portigal, L
   DeGiorgio, C
   Smith, L
   Waterman, SH
   Berlin, GW
   Ash, LR
TI Cysticercosis-related deaths, California
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID LOS-ANGELES COUNTY; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; MANAGEMENT; DISEASE;
   CERTIFICATE; DIAGNOSIS; CHILDREN
AB Cysticercosis is an increasingly important disease in the United States, but information on the occurrence of related deaths is limited. We examined data from California death certificates for the 12-year period 1989-2000. A total of 124 cysticercosis deaths were identified, representing a crude 12-year death rate of 3.9 per million population (95% confidence interval [Cl] 3.2 to 4.6). Eighty-two (66%) of the case-patients were male; 42 (34%) were female. The median age at death was 34.5 years (range 7-81 years). Most patients (107, 86.3%) were foreign-born, and 90 (72.6%) had emigrated from Mexico. Seventeen (13.7%) deaths occurred in U.S.-born residents. Cysticercosis death rates were higher in Latino residents of California (13.0/10(6)) than in other racial/ethnic groups (0.4/10(6)), in males (5.2/10(6)) than in females (2.7/10(6)), and in persons >14 years of age (5.0/10(6)). Cysticercosis is a preventable cause of premature death, particularly among young Latino persons in California and may be a more common cause of death in the United States than previously recognized.
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   Off Vital Records, Sacramento, CA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Sorvillo, FJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Box 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM fsorvill@ucla.edu
NR 24
TC 17
Z9 19
U1 0
U2 2
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 3
BP 465
EP 469
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 801EO
UT WOS:000220079400013
PM 15109414
ER

PT J
AU Avashia, SB
   Petersen, JM
   Lindley, CM
   Schriefer, ME
   Gage, KL
   Cetron, M
   DeMarcus, TA
   Kim, DK
   Buck, J
   Montenieri, JA
   Lowell, JL
   Antolin, MF
   Kosoy, MY
   Carter, LG
   Chu, MC
   Hendricks, KA
   Dennis, DT
   Kool, JL
AF Avashia, SB
   Petersen, JM
   Lindley, CM
   Schriefer, ME
   Gage, KL
   Cetron, M
   DeMarcus, TA
   Kim, DK
   Buck, J
   Montenieri, JA
   Lowell, JL
   Antolin, MF
   Kosoy, MY
   Carter, LG
   Chu, MC
   Hendricks, KA
   Dennis, DT
   Kool, JL
TI First reported prairie dog-to-human tularemia transmission, Texas, 2002
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID BITE
AB A tularemia outbreak, caused by Francisella tularensis type B, occurred among wild-caught, commercially traded prairie dogs. F tularensis microagglutination titers in one exposed person indicated recent infection. These findings represent the first evidence for prairie-clog-to-human tularemia transmission and demonstrate potential human health risks of the exotic pet trade.
C1 Texas Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Austin, TX 78756 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   Texas Dept Hlth, Arlington, TX USA.
   Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
RP Avashia, SB (reprint author), Texas Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, T-801,1100 W 49th St, Austin, TX 78756 USA.
EM swati.avashia@tdh.state.tx.us
NR 16
TC 29
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 8
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 3
BP 483
EP 486
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 801EO
UT WOS:000220079400016
PM 15109417
ER

PT J
AU Jensen, K
   Alvarado-Ramy, F
   Gonzalez-Martinez, J
   Kraiselburd, E
   Rullan, J
AF Jensen, K
   Alvarado-Ramy, F
   Gonzalez-Martinez, J
   Kraiselburd, E
   Rullan, J
TI B-virus and free-ranging macaques, Puerto Rico
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID POPULATION; MONKEYS
AB In Puerto Rico, risk for transmission of B-virus from free-ranging rhesus monkeys to humans has become a serious challenge. An incident with an injured rhesus monkey, seropositive for B-virus, resulted in inappropriate administration of antiviral postexposure prophylaxis. This incident underscores the importance of education about risks associated with interactions between humans and nonhuman primates.
C1 Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR 00921 USA.
   Caribbean Primate Res Ctr, Sabana Seca, PR USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY USA.
RP Alvarado-Ramy, F (reprint author), Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, Casia St 2, San Juan, PR 00921 USA.
EM fba8@cdc.gov
FU NCRR NIH HHS [P40 RR 03640, P40 RR003640]
NR 15
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 3
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 3
BP 494
EP 496
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 801EO
UT WOS:000220079400019
PM 15109420
ER

PT J
AU Madariaga, MG
   Pulvirenti, J
   Sekosan, M
   Paddock, CD
   Zaki, SR
AF Madariaga, MG
   Pulvirenti, J
   Sekosan, M
   Paddock, CD
   Zaki, SR
TI Q fever endocarditis in HIV-infected patient
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; COXIELLA-BURNETII INFECTION; DRUG-USERS;
   IMMUNOSUPPRESSION; DIAGNOSIS; FRANCE
AB We describe a case of Q fever endocarditis in an HIV-infected patient. The case was treated successfully with valvular replacement and a combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine. We review the current literature on Q fever endocarditis, with an emphasis on the co-infection of HIV and Coxiella burnetii.
C1 Cook Cty Hosp, Rush Med Coll, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Madariaga, MG (reprint author), Cook Cty Hosp, Rush Med Coll, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
EM migmad@worldnet.att.net
NR 23
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 3
BP 501
EP 504
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 801EO
UT WOS:000220079400021
PM 15109422
ER

PT J
AU Beatty, ME
   Bopp, CA
   Wells, JG
   Greene, KD
   Puhr, ND
   Mintz, ED
AF Beatty, ME
   Bopp, CA
   Wells, JG
   Greene, KD
   Puhr, ND
   Mintz, ED
TI Enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O169 : H41, United States
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID TRAVELERS DIARRHEA; OUTBREAKS; JAPAN
AB From 1996 to 2003, 16 outbreaks of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections in the United States and on cruise ships were confirmed. E. coli serotype O169:H41 was identified in 10 outbreaks and was the only serotype in 6. This serotype was identified in 1 of 21 confirmed ETEC outbreaks before 1996.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Beatty, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM zbn5@cdc.gov
NR 17
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 1
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 3
BP 518
EP 521
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 801EO
UT WOS:000220079400026
PM 15109427
ER

PT J
AU Sejvar, JJ
   Leis, A
   Van Gerpen, JA
   Marfin, AA
   Petersen, LR
AF Sejvar, JJ
   Leis, A
   Van Gerpen, JA
   Marfin, AA
   Petersen, LR
TI West Nile poliomyelitis - Reply
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Letter
ID VIRUS-INFECTION; FLACCID PARALYSIS; MYELITIS
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Methodist Rehabil Ctr, Jackson, MS USA.
   Alton Ochsner Med Fdn & Ochsner Clin, New Orleans, LA 70121 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA.
RP Sejvar, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop A39,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM JSejvar@cdc.gov
NR 7
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 3
BP 548
EP 549
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 801EO
UT WOS:000220079400038
ER

PT J
AU Maervoet, J
   Covaci, A
   Schepens, P
   Sandau, CD
   Letcher, RJ
AF Maervoet, J
   Covaci, A
   Schepens, P
   Sandau, CD
   Letcher, RJ
TI A reassessment of the nomenclature of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)
   metabolites
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
DE hydroxylated metabolites; methyl sulfone metabolites; nomenclature;
   polychlorinated biphenyls
ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; CHLORINATED PHENOLIC-COMPOUNDS; METHYL
   SULFONE METABOLITES; HYDROXYLATED METABOLITES; HUMAN TISSUES; PLASMA;
   BLOOD; IDENTIFICATION; EXPOSURE; MIXTURES
AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) area widespread class of persistent organic chemicals that accumulate in the environment and humans and are associated with a broad spectrum of health effects. PCB biotransformation has been shown to lead to two classes of PCB metabolites that are present as contaminant residues in the tissues of selected biota: hydroxylated (HO) and methyl sulfone (MeSO2) PCBs. Although these two types of metabolites are related structures, different rules for abbreviation of both classes have emerged. It is important that a standardized nomenclature for the notation of PCB metabolites be universally agreed upon. We suggest that the full chemical name of the PCB metabolite and a shorthand notation should be adopted using the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry's chemical name/original Ballschmiter and Zell number of the parent congener, followed by the assignment of the phenyl ring position number of the MeSO2- or HO-substituent. This nomenclature provides a clear, unequivocal set of rules in naming and abbreviating the PCB metabolite structure. Furthermore, this unified PCB metabolite nomenclature approach can be extended to the naming and abbreviation of potential metabolites of structurally analogous contaminants such as HO-polybrominated biphenyls and HO-polybrominated diphenyl ethers.
C1 Univ Antwerp, Toxicol Ctr, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
RP Maervoet, J (reprint author), Univ Antwerp, Toxicol Ctr, Univ Pl 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
EM Johan.Maervoet@ua.ac.be
RI Covaci, Adrian/A-9058-2008; Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015
OI Covaci, Adrian/0000-0003-0527-1136; Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480
NR 36
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 5
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 112
IS 3
BP 291
EP 294
DI 10.1289/ehp.6409
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 800SJ
UT WOS:000220047700025
PM 14998742
ER

PT J
AU Kato, K
   Silva, MJ
   Reidy, JA
   Hurtz, D
   Malek, NA
   Needham, LL
   Nakazawa, H
   Barr, DB
   Calafat, AM
AF Kato, K
   Silva, MJ
   Reidy, JA
   Hurtz, D
   Malek, NA
   Needham, LL
   Nakazawa, H
   Barr, DB
   Calafat, AM
TI Mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl)
   phthalate as biomarkers for human exposure assessment to
   di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE DEHP; MEHHP; MEHP; MEOHP; phthalate metabolites; phthalates
ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; DI-2-ETHYLHEXYL
   PHTHALATE; DIETHYLHEXYL PHTHALATE; HUMAN SERUM; METABOLITES; RAT;
   URINARY; CHROMATOGRAPHY; PESTICIDES
AB Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is prevalent based on the measurement of its hydrolytic metabolite mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in the urine of 78% of the general U.S. population studied in the 1999-2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). However, despite the high level of production and use of DEHP, the urinary MEHP levels in the NHANES samples were lower than the monoester metabolites of phthalates less commonly used than DEHP, suggesting metabolic differences between phthalates. We measured MEHP and two oxidative DEHP metabolites, mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) and mono (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) to verify whether these other metabolites account for a greater proportion of DEHP metabolic products in 127 paired human urine and serum samples. We found that the urinary levels of MEHHP and MEOHP were 10-fold higher than levels of MEHP; concentrations of urinary MEOHP and MEHHP were strongly correlated (r = 0.928). We also found that the serum levels of MEOHP and MEHHP were comparatively lower than those in urine. Furthermore, the glucuronide-bound conjugates of the oxidative metabolites were the predominant form in both urine and serum. MEOHP and MEHHP cannot be formed by serum enzymes from the hydrolysis of any contamination from DEHP potentially introduced during blood collection and storage. Therefore, concentrations of MEHHP and MEOHP in serum may be a more selective measure of DEHP exposure than is MEHP. However, additional data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of these oxidative metabolites are needed to completely understand the extent of DEHP exposure from the serum concentrations of oxidative DEHP metabolites.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Hoshi Univ, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Analyt Chem, Tokyo 142, Japan.
RP Silva, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM zca2@cdc.gov
RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr,
   Dana/E-2276-2013
NR 29
TC 136
Z9 141
U1 5
U2 29
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 112
IS 3
BP 327
EP 330
DI 10.1289/ehp.6663
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 800SJ
UT WOS:000220047700031
PM 14998748
ER

PT J
AU Silva, MJ
   Barr, DB
   Reidy, JA
   Malek, NA
   Hodge, CC
   Caudill, SP
   Brock, JW
   Needham, LL
   Calafat, AM
AF Silva, MJ
   Barr, DB
   Reidy, JA
   Malek, NA
   Hodge, CC
   Caudill, SP
   Brock, JW
   Needham, LL
   Calafat, AM
TI Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in the US population from
   the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; monobenzyl phthalate; monobutyl
   phthalate; monoethyl phthalate; NHANES; phthalate exposure
ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; HEMODIALYSIS-PATIENTS;
   MONOBUTYL PHTHALATE; REPRODUCTIVE-TRACT; EXPOSURE; RATS;
   DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)PHTHALATE; MALFORMATIONS; MONOESTERS
AB We measured the urinary monoester metabolites of seven commonly used phthalates in approximately 2,540 samples collected from participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2000, who were greater than or equal to 6 years of age. We found detectable levels of metabolites monoethyl phthalate (MEP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), and mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) in > 75% of the samples, suggesting widespread exposure in the United States to diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate or diisobutylphthalate, benzylbutyl phthalate, and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, respectively. We infrequently detected monoisononyl phthalate, mono-cyclohexyl phthalate, and mono-n-octyl phthalate, suggesting that human exposures to di-isononyl phthalate, dioctylphthalate, and dicyclohexyl phthalate, respectively, are lower than those listed above, or the pathways, routes of exposure, or pharmacokinetic factors such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination are different. Non-Hispanic blacks had significantly higher concentrations of MEP than did Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Compared with adolescents and adults, children had significantly higher levels of MBP, MBzP, and MEHP but had significantly lower concentrations of MEP. Females had significantly higher concentrations of MEP and MBzP than did males, but similar MEHP levels. Of particular interest, females of all ages had significantly higher concentrations of the reproductive toxicant MBP than did males of all ages; however, women of reproductive age (i.e., 20-39 years of age) had concentrations similar to adolescent girls and women greater than or equal to 40 years of age. These population data on exposure to phthalates will serve an important role in public health by helping to set research priorities and by establishing a nationally representative baseline of exposure with which population levels can be compared.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dis Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dis Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM Acalafat@cdc.gov
RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr,
   Dana/E-2276-2013
NR 36
TC 439
Z9 464
U1 10
U2 61
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 112
IS 3
BP 331
EP 338
DI 10.1289/ehp.6723
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 800SJ
UT WOS:000220047700032
PM 14998749
ER

PT J
AU Toraason, M
   Albertini, R
   Bayard, S
   Bigbee, W
   Blair, A
   Boffetta, P
   Bonassi, S
   Chanock, S
   Christiani, D
   Eastmond, D
   Hanash, S
   Henry, C
   Kadlubar, F
   Mirer, F
   Nebert, D
   Rapport, S
   Rest, K
   Rothman, N
   Ruder, A
   Savage, R
   Schulte, P
   Siemiatycki, J
   Shields, P
   Smith, M
   Tolbert, P
   Vermeulen, R
   Vineis, P
   Wacholder, S
   Ward, E
   Waters, M
   Weston, A
AF Toraason, M
   Albertini, R
   Bayard, S
   Bigbee, W
   Blair, A
   Boffetta, P
   Bonassi, S
   Chanock, S
   Christiani, D
   Eastmond, D
   Hanash, S
   Henry, C
   Kadlubar, F
   Mirer, F
   Nebert, D
   Rapport, S
   Rest, K
   Rothman, N
   Ruder, A
   Savage, R
   Schulte, P
   Siemiatycki, J
   Shields, P
   Smith, M
   Tolbert, P
   Vermeulen, R
   Vineis, P
   Wacholder, S
   Ward, E
   Waters, M
   Weston, A
TI Applying new biotechnologies to the study of occupational cancer - A
   workshop summary
SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES
LA English
DT Article
DE biomarkers; chemical exposure; epidemiology; gene-environment
   interactions; genomics; occupational cancer; polymorphisms; proteomics;
   risk assessment; toxicogenomics
AB As high-throughput technologies in genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics evolve, questions arise about their use in the assessment of occupational cancers. To address these questions, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the American Chemistry Council sponsored a workshop 8-9 May 2002 in Washington, DC. The workshop brought together 80 international specialists whose objective was to identify the means for best exploiting new technologies to enhance methods for laboratory investigation, epidemiologic evaluation, risk assessment, and prevention of occupational cancer. The workshop focused on identifying and interpreting markers for early biologic effect and inherited modifiers of risk.
C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
   Univ Vermont, Burlington, VT USA.
   Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA.
   Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
   NCI, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France.
   Natl Inst Canc Res, Genoa, Italy.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Univ Calif Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
   Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   Amer Chem Council, Arlington, VA USA.
   Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Jefferson, AR USA.
   United Auto Workers Union, Int Union, Hlth & Safety Dept, Detroit, MI USA.
   Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   NIOSH, Washington, DC USA.
   Univ Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada.
   Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC USA.
   Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Univ Turin, Turin, Italy.
   Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
   NIEHS, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, NIH, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
   NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
RP Toraason, M (reprint author), NIOSH, C23,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
EM mtoraason@cdc.gov
RI Waters, Martha/B-7441-2011; Shields, Peter/I-1644-2012; Ruder,
   Avima/I-4155-2012; Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015; Vermeulen,
   Roel/F-8037-2011; 
OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664; Vermeulen, Roel/0000-0003-4082-8163;
   bonassi, stefano/0000-0003-3833-6717
NR 5
TC 21
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 3
PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE
PI RES TRIANGLE PK
PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233,
   RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA
SN 0091-6765
J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP
JI Environ. Health Perspect.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 112
IS 4
BP 413
EP 416
DI 10.1289/txg.6343
PG 4
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 807BS
UT WOS:000220477600012
PM 15033588
ER

PT J
AU Orloff, KG
   Mistry, K
   Charp, P
   Metcalf, S
   Marino, R
   Shelly, T
   Melaro, E
   Donohoe, AM
   Jones, RL
AF Orloff, KG
   Mistry, K
   Charp, P
   Metcalf, S
   Marino, R
   Shelly, T
   Melaro, E
   Donohoe, AM
   Jones, RL
TI Human exposure to uranium in groundwater
SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE uranium; urine; groundwater; human exposure
ID UNITED-STATES; DRINKING-WATER; URINE
AB High concentrations of uranium (mean = 620 mug/L) were detected in water samples collected from private wells in a residential community. Based on isotopic analyses, the source of the uranium contamination appeared to be from naturally occurring geological deposits. In homes where well water concentrations of uranium exceeded the drinking water standard, the residents were advised to use an alternate water source for potable purposes. Several months after the residents had stopped drinking the water, urine samples were collected and tested for uranium. Elevated concentrations of uranium (mean = 0.40 mug/g creatinine) were detected in urine samples, and 85 percent of the urine uranium concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile concentration of a national reference population. Urine uranium concentrations were positively correlated with water uranium concentrations, but not with the participants' ages or how long they had been drinking the water. Six months later, a second urine sample was collected and tested for uranium. Urine uranium concentrations decreased in most (63 percent) of the people. In those people with the highest initial urine uranium concentrations, the urine levels decreased an average of 78 percent. However, urine uranium concentrations remained elevated (mean= 0.27 mug/g), and 87 percent of the urine uranium concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile concentration of the reference population. The results of this investigation demonstrated that after long-term ingestion of uranium in drinking water, elevated concentrations of uranium in urine could be detected up to 10 months after exposure had stopped. Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Orloff, KG (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM keo1@cdc.gov
NR 20
TC 59
Z9 60
U1 1
U2 10
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0013-9351
J9 ENVIRON RES
JI Environ. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 94
IS 3
BP 319
EP 326
DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(03)00115-4
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 805EM
UT WOS:000220349600013
PM 15016600
ER

PT J
AU Basak, SC
   Mills, D
   El-Masri, HA
   Mumtaz, MM
   Hawkins, DM
AF Basak, SC
   Mills, D
   El-Masri, HA
   Mumtaz, MM
   Hawkins, DM
TI Predicting blood : air partition coefficients using theoretical
   molecular descriptors
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM)
CY SEP 09-12, 2002
CL Atlanta, GA
SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands
DE quantitative structure-activity relationships; volatile organic
   chemicals (VOCs); physiologically based pharmacokinetic models; risk
   assessment; ridge regression
ID HIERARCHICAL QSAR APPROACH; STRUCTURE-PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS;
   ELECTROTOPOLOGICAL-STATE; TOPOLOGICAL INDEXES; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; RISK
   ASSESSMENT; VAPOR-PRESSURE; MUTAGENICITY; PARAMETERS; TOXICOLOGY
AB Three regression methods, namely ridge regression (RR), partial least squares (PLS), and principal components regression (PCR), were used to develop models for the prediction of rat blood:air partition coefficient for increasingly diverse data sets. Initially, modeling was performed for a set of 13 chlorocarbons. To this set, 10 additional hydrophobic compounds were added, including aromatic and non-aromatic hydrocarbons. A set of 16 hydrophilic compounds was also modeled separately. Finally, all 39 compounds were combined into one data set for which comprehensive models were developed. A large set of diverse, theoretical molecular descriptors was calculated for use in the current study. The topostructural (TS), topochemical (TC), and geometrical or 3-dimensional (3D) indices were used hierarchically in model development. In addition, single-class models were developed using the TS, TC, and 3D descriptors. In most cases, RR outperformed PLS and PCR, and the models developed using TC indices were superior to those developed using other classes of descriptors. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA.
   ATSDR, Computat Toxicol Lab, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Minnesota, Sch Stat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
RP Basak, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Truck Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA.
EM sbasak@nrri.umn.edu
NR 47
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 5
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1382-6689
EI 1872-7077
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR
JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 16
IS 1-2
BP 45
EP 55
DI 10.1016/j.etap.2003.09.002
PG 11
WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 806TE
UT WOS:000220455400005
ER

PT J
AU El-Masri, HA
   Mumtaz, MM
   Yushak, ML
AF El-Masri, HA
   Mumtaz, MM
   Yushak, ML
TI Application of physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modeling to
   investigate the toxicological interaction between chlorpyrifos and
   parathion in the rat
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM)
CY SEP 09-12, 2002
CL Atlanta, GA
SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands
DE chlorpyrifos; parathion; PBPK; interaction threshold
ID INSECTICIDE CHLORPYRIFOS; LIVER-MICROSOMES; KINETIC-ANALYSIS; TREATED
   RATS; OXON; INHIBITION; PARAOXON; ACTIVATION; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE;
   CYTOCHROME-P450
AB Environmental exposure is usually due to the presence of multiple chemicals. In most cases, these chemicals interact with each other at both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic toxicity mechanisms. In the absence of data, joint toxicity assessment of a mixture is based on default dose or response additivity. Although, the concept of additivity is mostly accepted at low dose levels, these levels need to be determined quantitatively to validate the use of additivity as an absence of any possible synergistic or antagonistic interactions at low environmental exposure levels. The doses at which interaction becomes significant define the interaction threshold. In most cases, estimation of these low-dose interaction thresholds experimentally is economically costly and challenging because of the need to use a large number of laboratory animals. Computational toxicology methods provide a feasible alternative to establish interaction thresholds. For example, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to estimate an interaction threshold for the joint toxicity between chlorpyrifos and parathion in the rat. Initially, PBPK models were developed for each chemical to estimate the blood concentrations of their respective metabolite. The metabolite concentrations in blood out-put was then linked to acetylcholinesterase kinetics submodel. The resulting overall PBPK model described interactions between these pesticides at two levels in the organism: (a) the P450 enzymatic bioactivation site, and (b) acetylcholinesterase binding sites. Using the overall model, a response surface was constructed at various dose levels of each chemical to investigate the mechanism of interaction and to calculate interaction threshold doses. The overall model simulations indicated that additivity is obtained at oral dose levels below 0.08 mg/kg of each chemical. At higher doses, antagonism by enzymatic competitive inhibition is the mode of interaction. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Computat Toxicol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP El-Masri, HA (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Computat Toxicol Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop F-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM hbe4@cdc.gov
NR 24
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 2
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1382-6689
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR
JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 16
IS 1-2
BP 57
EP 71
DI 10.1016/j.etap.2003.10.002
PG 15
WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 806TE
UT WOS:000220455400006
PM 21782694
ER

PT J
AU Fisher, J
   Lumpkin, M
   Boyd, J
   Mahle, D
   Bruckner, J
   El-Masri, HA
AF Fisher, J
   Lumpkin, M
   Boyd, J
   Mahle, D
   Bruckner, J
   El-Masri, HA
TI PBPK modeling of the metabolic interactions of carbon tetrachloride and
   tetrachloroethylene in B6C3F1 mice
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM)
CY SEP 09-12, 2002
CL Atlanta, GA
SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands
DE PBPK model; mice; carbon tetrachloride; tetrachloroethylene; metabolism;
   metabolic inhibition
ID GAS UPTAKE; RAT-LIVER; PHARMACOKINETIC MODELS; IN-VITRO;
   TRICHLOROETHYLENE; HEPATOTOXICITY; INJURY; BROMOTRICHLOROMETHANE;
   PERCHLOROETHYLENE; INSUFFICIENCY
AB Potential exists for widespread human exposure to low levels of carbon tetrachloride (CT) and tetrachloroethylene (TET). These halocarbons are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system. CT is known to inhibit its own metabolism (suicide inhibition) and to cause liver injury by generation of metabolically derived free radicals. The objective of this research was to use develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to forcast the metabolic interactions between orally administered CT and TET in male B6C3F1 mice. Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), a stable metabolite of TET, was used as a biomarker to assess inhibition of the cytochrome P450 system by CT. Metabolic constants utilized for CT were 1.0 mg/kg/h for Vmaxc_CT and 0.3 for Km_CT (mg/l). Values for TET (based in TCA production), were 6.0 mg/kg/h for Vmaxc_TET was 3.0 mg/l for Km_TET. The rate of loss of metabolic capacity for CT (suicide inhibition) was describe as: Vmaxloss (mg/h) = -Kd (RAM x RAM), where Kd (h/kg) is a second-order rate constant, and RAM (mg/h) is the Michaelis-Menten description of the rate of metabolism of CT. For model simplicity, CT was assumed to damage the primary enzymes responsible for metabolism of CT (CYP2E1) and TET (CYP2B2) in an equal fashion. Thus, the calculated fractional loss of TET metabolic capacity was assumed to be equivalent to the calculated loss in metabolic capacity of CT. Use of a Kd value of 400 h/kg successfully described serum TCA levels in mice dosed orally with 5-100 mg/kg of CT. We report, for the first time, suicide inhibition at a very low dose of CT (1 mg/kg). The PBPK model under-predicted the degree of metabolic inhibition in mice administered 1 mg/kg of CT. This PBPK model is one of only a few physiological models available to predict the metabolic interactions of chemical mixtures involving suicide inhibition. The success of this PBPK model demonstrates that PBPK models are useful tools for examining the nature of metabolic interactions of chemical mixtures, including suicide inhibition. Further research is required to compare the inhibitory effects of inhaled CT vapors with CT administered by oral bolus dosing and determine the interaction threshold for CT-induced metabolic inhibition. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
   AFRL, HEST, Operat Toxicol Branch, WPAFB, Dayton, OH USA.
   Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Computat Toxicol Lab, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Fisher, J (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA.
EM jwfisher@uga.edu
NR 37
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1382-6689
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR
JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 16
IS 1-2
BP 93
EP 105
DI 10.1016/j.etap.2003.10.006
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 806TE
UT WOS:000220455400008
PM 21782696
ER

PT J
AU Dennison, JE
   Andersen, ME
   Dobrev, ID
   Mumtaz, MM
   Yang, RSH
AF Dennison, JE
   Andersen, ME
   Dobrev, ID
   Mumtaz, MM
   Yang, RSH
TI PBPK modeling of complex hydrocarbon mixtures: gasoline
SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT International Conference on Chemical Mixtures (ICCM)
CY SEP 09-12, 2002
CL Atlanta, GA
SP FDA, US EPA, NIEHS, NIOSH, Health Council Netherlands
DE PBPK; PBTK; phannacokinetic; gasoline; complex mixtures; BTEX; benzene;
   hexane; toluene; ethylbenzene; xylene
ID BENZENE METABOLISM; GAS UPTAKE; PHARMACOKINETIC MODEL; FISCHER-344 RATS;
   BREATH-ANALYSIS; HUMAN EXPOSURE; BUTYL ETHER; HUMANS; HEXANE;
   TRICHLOROETHYLENE
AB Petroleum hydrocarbon mixtures such as gasoline, diesel fuel, aviation fuel, and asphalt liquids typically contain hundreds of compounds. These compounds include aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons within a specific molecular weight range and sometimes lesser amounts of additives, and often exhibit qualitatively similar pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties. However, there are some components that exhibit specific biological effects, such as methyl t-butyl ether and benzene in gasoline. One of the potential pharmacokinetic interactions of many components in such mixtures is inhibition of the metabolism of other components. Due to the complexity of the mixtures, a quantitative description of the pharmacokinetics of each component, particularly in the context of differing blends of these mixtures, has not been available. We describe here a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling approach to describe the PKs of whole gasoline. The approach simplifies the problem by isolating specific components for which a description is desired and treating the remaining components as a single lumped chemical. In this manner, the effect of the non-isolated components (i.e. inhibition) can be taken into account. The gasoline model was based on PK data for the single chemicals, for simple mixtures of the isolated chemicals, and for the isolated and lumped chemicals during gas uptake PK experiments in rats exposed to whole gasoline. While some sacrifice in model accuracy must be made when a chemical lumping approach is used, our lumped PK model still permitted a good representation of the PKs of five isolated chemicals (n-hexane, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and o-xylene) during exposure to various levels of two different blends of gasoline. The approach may be applicable to other hydrocarbon mixtures when appropriate PK data are available for model development. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Technol, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   CIIT Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA.
   Environm Corp, Ruston, LA USA.
   Agcy Toxic Substances & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Dennison, JE (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Ctr Environm Toxicol & Technol, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, 1690 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM dennison@colostate.edu
OI Andersen, Melvin/0000-0002-3894-4811
NR 45
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1382-6689
J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL PHAR
JI Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 16
IS 1-2
BP 107
EP 119
DI 10.1016/j.etap.2003.10.003
PG 13
WC Environmental Sciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology
GA 806TE
UT WOS:000220455400009
PM 21782697
ER

PT J
AU Black, DW
   Carney, CP
   Peloso, PM
   Woolson, RF
   Schwartz, DA
   Voelker, MD
   Barrett, DH
   Doebbeling, BN
AF Black, DW
   Carney, CP
   Peloso, PM
   Woolson, RF
   Schwartz, DA
   Voelker, MD
   Barrett, DH
   Doebbeling, BN
TI Gulf war veterans with anxiety - Prevalence, comorbidity, and risk
   factors
SO EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID POSTTRAUMATIC-STRESS-DISORDER; QUALITY-OF-LIFE; PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS;
   MILITARY PERSONNEL; MENTAL-DISORDERS; HEALTH-STATUS; YOUNG-ADULTS;
   POPULATION; SYMPTOMS; CARE
AB Background: Veterans of the first Gulf War have higher rates of medical and psychiatric symptoms than nondeployed military personnel.
   Methods: To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for current anxiety disorders in Gulf War veterans, we administered a structured telephone interview to a population-based sample of 4886 military personnel from Iowa at enlistment. Participants were randomly drawn from Gulf War regular military, Gulf War National Guard/Reserve, non-Gulf War regular military, and non-Gulf War National Guard/Reserve. Medical and psychiatric conditions were assessed through standardized interviews and questionnaires in 3695 subjects (76% participation). Risk factors were assessed using multivariate logistic regression models.
   Results: Veterans of the first Gulf War reported a markedly higher prevalence of current anxiety disorders than nondeployed military personnel (5.9% vs. 2.8%; odds ratio = 2.1; 95% confidence interval = 1.3-3.1), and their anxiety disorders are associated with co-occurring psychiatric disorders. Posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder were each present at rates nearly twice expected. In our multivariate model, predeployment psychiatric treatment and predeployment diagnoses (posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or anxiety) were independently associated with current anxiety disorder. Participation in Gulf War combat was independently associated with current posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder.
   Conclusions: Current anxiety disorders are relatively frequent in a military population and are more common among Gulf War veterans than nondeployed military personnel. Predeployment psychiatric difficulties are robustly associated with the development of anxiety. Healthcare providers and policymakers need to consider panic disorder and generalized anxiety disorder, in addition to posttraumatic stress disorder, to ensure their proper assessment, treatment, and prevention in veteran populations.
C1 Univ Iowa, Roy J & Lucille A Carver Coll Med, Dept Psychiat, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
   Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Indianapolis, IN USA.
   Univ Iowa, Roy J & Lucille A Carver Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
   Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
   Duke Univ, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
   Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Effects Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Roudebush VA Med Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA.
RP Black, DW (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Psychiat Res MEB, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
EM donald-black@uiowa.edu
RI Doebbeling, Bradley/C-6620-2009
FU NIMH NIH HHS [5T32-MH15158-23]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU711513]
NR 56
TC 34
Z9 36
U1 3
U2 9
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1044-3983
J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY
JI Epidemiology
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 15
IS 2
BP 135
EP 142
DI 10.1097/01.EDE.0000103188.18059.21
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 779GL
UT WOS:000189286900004
PM 15127904
ER

PT J
AU Spector, L
   Groves, F
   DeStefano, F
   Liff, J
   Klein, M
   Mullooly, J
   Black, S
   Shinefield, H
   Ward, J
   Marcy, M
AF Spector, L
   Groves, F
   DeStefano, F
   Liff, J
   Klein, M
   Mullooly, J
   Black, S
   Shinefield, H
   Ward, J
   Marcy, M
CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Project
TI Medically recorded allergies and the risk of childhood acute
   lymphoblastic leukaemia
SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
LA English
DT Article
DE case-control study; childhood leukaemia; allergy
ID UNITED-STATES; CANCER; CHILDREN
AB Data on five allergic conditions were abstracted from the medical records of 180 cases of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and 718 matched controls. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were estimated for composite variables and for individual allergies using conditional logistic regression modelling. Allergies were divided into late and early diagnoses (those made within the year before the matched case's ALL diagnosis and those made earlier, respectively). Among the early diagnoses, atopy or hives was significantly associated with ALL (OR = 2.20; 95% CI: 1.16-4.16). Significant associations were found for late diagnoses of atopy or hives (OR = 3.78; 95% CI: 1.00-14.29) and of asthma (OR = 3.10; 95% CI: 1.39-6.95). None of the other allergic conditions were associated with ALL. These results are contrary to those of prior studies of childhood ALL and allergy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
   Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   NW Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR 97227 USA.
   No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Alameda, CA 94501 USA.
   So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Panorama City, CA 91402 USA.
RP Spector, L (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Pediat, 420 Delaware St SE,MMC 715, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
EM spector@epi.umn.edu
OI Spector, Logan/0000-0003-2516-0222
NR 18
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 0
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0959-8049
J9 EUR J CANCER
JI Eur. J. Cancer
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 40
IS 4
BP 579
EP 584
DI 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.08.024
PG 6
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 800LK
UT WOS:000220029600027
PM 14962726
ER

PT J
AU Kirtava, A
   Crudder, S
   Dilley, A
   Lally, C
   Evatt, B
AF Kirtava, A
   Crudder, S
   Dilley, A
   Lally, C
   Evatt, B
TI Trends in clinical management of women with von Willebrand disease: a
   survey of 75 women enrolled in haemophilia treatment centres in the
   United States
SO HAEMOPHILIA
LA English
DT Article
DE von Willebrand disease; haemophilia treatment center; bleeding symptoms;
   comprehensive care model
ID INHERITED BLEEDING DISORDERS; MENORRHAGIA
AB Objective: To assess the management of women with von Willebrand disease( vWD) in an Heamophilia Treatment Center (HTC) setting. Methods: A total of 75 women with vWd who were registered in HTCs in the United States participated in this study. A telephone interview elicited information about symptoms pertaining to bleeding disorders, diagnostic issues, referral patterns, treatment modalities before and after the enrollment in the HTC, HTC services provided, and satisfaction with care in the HTC. Results: Menorrhagia was the most commonly reported symptom (84%). The average time from the first symptom until clinician recognition was 16 years (range 0-39). In HTC, DDAVP was the most commonly used drug (31%). Of the 75 women, 71 reported a strong positive opinion and satisfaction about their care in the HTCs. Discussion: Women with VWD were typically diagnosed with the condition well into adulthood, in spite of the fact that majority of them experienced several bleeding symptoms beginning in early childhood. In general an HTC setting is appropriate for management of women with bleeding disorders. Diagnosis, treatment and education provided in the HTCs were viewed positively by those surveyed.
C1 CDCP, Div AIDS STD & Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Kirtava, A (reprint author), CDCP, Div AIDS STD & Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM akirtava@cdc.gov
NR 8
TC 42
Z9 42
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1351-8216
J9 HAEMOPHILIA
JI Haemophilia
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 158
EP 161
DI 10.1046/j.1351-8216.2003.00832.x
PG 4
WC Hematology
SC Hematology
GA 774NT
UT WOS:000188989900004
PM 14962204
ER

PT J
AU Richards, C
   Alonso-Echanove, J
   Caicedo, Y
   Jarvis, WR
AF Richards, C
   Alonso-Echanove, J
   Caicedo, Y
   Jarvis, WR
TI Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections among neonates in a
   high-risk nursery in Cali, Colombia
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and
   Healtcare-Associated Infections
CY MAR   07, 2000
CL ATLANTA, GA
ID INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; COLONIZATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB OBJECTIVES: To determine the cause of an outbreak of Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (BSIs) among neonates in a high-risk nursery and to institute control measures.
   DESIGN: During the on-site investigation, a cohort study to identify risk factors for K pneumoniae BSI, a point-prevalence study to assess K pneumoniae colonization, a maternal cohort study to determine maternal K pneumoniae colonization, and an observational study to evaluate healthcare worker (HCW) compliance with infection control practices were conducted.
   PATIENTS AND SETTING: Neonates in a 40-bed high risk nursery in a 700-bed university hospital in Cali, Colombia.
   INTERVENTION: Cohorting of neonates colonized with K pneumoniae.
   RESULTS: The overall K pneumoniae BSI attack rate was 10 of 105 (9.5%). In the retrospective cohort study, the number of blood transfusions (OR, 3.1 per transfusion; P =.02; Cl-95, 1.4-9.7) and intravenous injections (OR, 1.2 per injection; P =.04; Cl-95, 1.0-1.5) were independently associated with K pneumoniae BSI. The overall prevalence of K pneumoniae colonization was 61% among neonates and 7% among mothers. During the HCW assessment, suboptimal intravenous therapy practices were observed. A cohorting intervention resulted in a significant reduction in K pneumoniae colonization (12% vs 61%; RR, 0.19; P <.001). During the intervention period, no K pneumoniae BSIs occurred.
   CONCLUSIONS: This investigation suggested that the outbreak probably occurred due to widespread colonization and suboptimal infection control and intravenous therapy practices. Cohorting successfully reduced the overall prevalence of K pneumoniae colonization and, along with improved infection control practices, probably prevented K pneumoniae BSIs (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004;25:221-225).
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Hosp, Del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
RP Richards, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Mailstop E-55,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 13
TC 20
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 25
IS 3
BP 221
EP 225
DI 10.1086/502382
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 803BD
UT WOS:000220205700010
PM 15061414
ER

PT J
AU Selenic, D
   Alvarado-Ramy, F
   Arduino, M
   Holt, S
   Cardinali, F
   Blount, B
   Jarrett, J
   Smith, F
   Altman, N
   Stahl, C
   Panlilio, A
   Pearson, M
   Tokars, J
AF Selenic, D
   Alvarado-Ramy, F
   Arduino, M
   Holt, S
   Cardinali, F
   Blount, B
   Jarrett, J
   Smith, F
   Altman, N
   Stahl, C
   Panlilio, A
   Pearson, M
   Tokars, J
TI Epidemic parenteral exposure to volatile sulfur-containing compounds at
   a hemodialysis center
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEMOLYSIS
AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the cause of acute illness on August 30, 2000, among patients at an outpatient dialysis center (center A).
   DESIGN: We performed a cohort study of all patients receiving dialysis on August 30, 2000; reviewed dialysis procedures; and analyzed dialysis water samples using microbiologic and chemical assays.
   SETTING: Dialysis center (center A).
   PATIENTS: A case-patient was defined as a patient who developed chills within 5 hours after starting hemodialysis at center A on August 30, 2000.
   RESULTS: Sixteen (36%) of 44 patients at center A met the case definition. All case-patients were hospitalized; 2 died. Besides chills, 15 (94%) of the case-patients experienced nausea; 1.2 (75%), vomiting; and 4 (25%), fever. Illness was more frequent on the second than the first dialysis shift (16 of 20 vs 0 of 24, P <.001); no other risk factors were identified. The center's water treatment system had received inadequate maintenance and disinfection and a sulfurous odor was noted during sampling of the water from the reverse osmosis (RO) unit. The water had elevated bacteria] counts. Volatile sulfur-containing compounds (ie, methanethiol, carbon disulfide, dimethyldisulfide, and sulfur dioxide) were detected by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in 8 of 12 water samples from the RO unit and in 0 of 28 samples from other areas (P <.001). Results of tests for heavy metals and chloramines were within normal limits.
   CONCLUSIONS: Parenteral exposure to volatile sulfur-containing compounds, produced under anaerobic conditions in the RO unit, could have caused the outbreak. This investigation demonstrates the importance of appropriate disinfection and maintenance of water treatment systems in hemodialysis centers (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004;25:256-261).
C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ohio State Hlth Dept, Columbus, OH USA.
   Youngstown City Hlth Dist, Youngstown, OH USA.
RP Tokars, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012; 
OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X; Jarrett,
   Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552
NR 22
TC 7
Z9 7
U1 1
U2 1
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 25
IS 3
BP 256
EP 261
DI 10.1086/502387
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 803BD
UT WOS:000220205700015
PM 15061419
ER

PT J
AU Trick, WE
   Vernon, MO
   Welbel, SF
   Wisniewski, MF
   Jernigan, JA
   Weinstein, RA
AF Trick, WE
   Vernon, MO
   Welbel, SF
   Wisniewski, MF
   Jernigan, JA
   Weinstein, RA
TI Unnecessary use of central venous catheters: The need to look outside
   the intensive care unit
SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INFECTIONS; EDUCATION
AB We developed criteria for justifiable CVC use and evaluated CVC use in a public hospital. Unjustified CVC-days were more common for non-ICU patients compared with ICU patients. Also, insertion-site dressings were less likely to be intact on non-ICU patients. Interventions to reduce CVC-associated bloodstream infections should include non-ICU patients (Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004;25:266-268).
C1 Stroger Hosp Cook Cty, Collaborat Res Unit, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
   Chicago Antimicrobial Resistance Project, Chicago, IL USA.
   Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
RP Trick, WE (reprint author), Stroger Hosp Cook Cty, Collaborat Res Unit, 1900 W Polk St,Suite 1600, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU515853-03]
NR 8
TC 42
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 1
PU SLACK INC
PI THOROFARE
PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA
SN 0899-823X
J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP
JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 25
IS 3
BP 266
EP 268
DI 10.1086/502390
PG 3
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 803BD
UT WOS:000220205700018
PM 15061422
ER

PT J
AU Fundyga, RE
   Kuykendall, RJ
   Lee-Yang, W
   Lott, TJ
AF Fundyga, Ruth E.
   Kuykendall, Randall J.
   Lee-Yang, Wendy
   Lott, Timothy J.
TI Evidence for aneuploidy and recombination in the human commensal yeast
   Candida parapsilosis
SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Candida parapsilosis; Aneuploidy; Recombination; Genetics
AB Isolates of Candida parapsilosis, including representatives of the three major sub-species groups, were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by sequencing five independent loci totaling 4 kb per isolate. Group I isolates were highly conserved and in some cases, group I alleles were found in group II and III strains. Unique alleles were also associated with groups II and III, consistent with earlier observations of intergroup divergence. There was no heterozygosity in any strain, and a FACS analysis demonstrated that for all three groups nuclei are variant in size, ranging from 0.5 to 1.0x the size of other diploid yeast genomes. This suggests that natural isolates of C. parapsilosis are aneuploid, with some isolates being essentially haploid. Taken collectively with the observation of group I alleles within group II and III strains, we propose that some form of recombination is occurring between groups. Published by Elsevier B. V.
C1 [Fundyga, Ruth E.; Kuykendall, Randall J.; Lee-Yang, Wendy; Lott, Timothy J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Lott, TJ (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM tjl1@cdc.gov
FU American Society for Microbiology/National Center for Infectious
   Diseases
FX thank Sue Jinks-Robinson and Paul Lehmann for yeast strains. This work
   was supported in part through an American Society for
   Microbiology/National Center for Infectious Diseases postdoctoral
   associateship awarded to R.E.F.
NR 34
TC 26
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 1
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1567-1348
EI 1567-7257
J9 INFECT GENET EVOL
JI Infect. Genet. Evol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 4
IS 1
BP 37
EP 43
DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2003.11.002
PG 7
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA V30OS
UT WOS:000208825900006
PM 15019588
ER

PT J
AU Hughes, GJ
   Paez, A
   Boshell, J
   Rupprecht, CE
AF Hughes, Gareth J.
   Paez, Andres
   Boshell, Jorge
   Rupprecht, Charles E.
TI A phylogenetic reconstruction of the epidemiological history of canine
   rabies virus variants in Colombia
SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
LA English
DT Article
DE Rabies; Epidemiology; Population dynamics; Evolution; Phylogenetics;
   Colombia
AB Historically, canine rabies in Colombia has been caused by two geographically distinct canine variants of rabies virus (RV) which between 1992 and 2002 accounted for similar to 95% of Colombian rabies cases. Genetic variant 1 (GV1) has been isolated up until 1997 in the Central Region and the Department of Arauca, and is now considered extinct through a successful vaccination program. Genetic variant 2 (GV2) has been isolated from the northern Caribbean Region and continues to circulate at present. Here we have analyzed two sets of sequence data based upon either a 147 nucleotide region of the glycoprotein (G) gene or a 258 nucleotide region that combines a fragment of the non-coding intergenic region and a fragment of the polymerase gene. Using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods we have estimated the time of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the two variants to be between 1983 and 1988. Reconstructions of the population history suggest that GV2 has been circulating in Colombia since the 1960s and that GV1 evolved as a separate lineage from GV2. Estimations of the effective population size at present show the GV2 outbreak to be similar to 20 times greater than that of GV1. Demographic reconstructions were unable to detect a decrease in population size concurrent with the elimination of GV1. We find a raised rate of nucleotide substitution for GV1 gene sequences when compared to that of GV2, although all estimates have wide confidence limits. We demonstrate that phylogenetic reconstructions and sequence analysis can be used to support incidence data from the field in the assessment of RV epidemiology. (C) 2003 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
C1 [Hughes, Gareth J.; Rupprecht, Charles E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   [Paez, Andres; Boshell, Jorge] INS, Virol Lab, Bogota, Colombia.
RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM cyr5@cdc.gov
OI PAEZ MARTINEZ, ANDRES/0000-0001-7316-3706
FU American Society for Microbiology/National Center for Infectious
   Disease; Colombian Ministry of Health [689/99]; Banco de al Republica de
   Colombia [200005]
FX We thank Jaime Cardenas for information regarding vaccination programs
   in Colombia, Andrew Rambaut for his invaluable guidance in the use of
   the sequence analysis programs, and Dan Haydon for commenting on this
   manuscript. G.J.H. was funded by an American Society for
   Microbiology/National Center for Infectious Disease post-doctoral
   fellowship. A.P. was funded by the Colombian Ministry of Health
   (contract 689/99) and Banco de al Republica de Colombia (contract
   200005).
NR 24
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 1567-1348
EI 1567-7257
J9 INFECT GENET EVOL
JI Infect. Genet. Evol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 4
IS 1
BP 45
EP 51
DI 10.1016/j.meegid.2003.12.001
PG 7
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA V30OS
UT WOS:000208825900007
PM 15019589
ER

PT J
AU Jones, AL
   Brown, JM
   Mishra, V
   Perry, JD
   Steigerwalt, AG
   Goodfellow, M
AF Jones, AL
   Brown, JM
   Mishra, V
   Perry, JD
   Steigerwalt, AG
   Goodfellow, M
TI Rhodococcus gordoniae sp nov., an actinomycete isolated from clinical
   material and phenol-contaminated soil
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; IDENTIFICATION; NOCARDIA; EQUI; EXTRACTION;
   BACTERIA
AB The taxonomic relationships of two actinomycetes provisionally assigned to the genus Rhodococcus were determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The generic assignment was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene similarity data, as the organisms, strains MTCC 1534 and W 4937(T), were shown to belong to the Rhodococcus rhodochrous subclade. These organisms had phenotypic properties typical of rhodococci; they were aerobic, Gram-positive, weakly acid-fast actinomycetes that showed an elementary branching-rod-coccus growth cycle and contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose in whole-organism hydrolysates, N-glycolated muramic acid residues, dehydrogenated menaquinones with eight isoprene units as the predominant isoprenologue and mycolic acids that co-migrated with those extracted from the type strain of R. rhodochrous. The strains had identical phenotypic profiles and belong to the same genomic species, albeit one distinguished from Rhodococcus pyridinivorans, with which they formed a distinct phyletic line. They were also distinguished from representatives of all of the species classified in the R. rhodochrous 16S rRNA gene tree using a set of phenotypic features. The genotypic and phenotypic data show that the strains merit recognition as a novel species of Rhodococcus. The name proposed is Rhodococcus gordoniae sp. nov., with the type strain W 4937(T) (= DSM 44689(T) = NCTC 13296(T)).
C1 Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
   Freeman Rd Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE7 7DN, Tyne & Wear, England.
   Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterials, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Natl Ctr Infect Dis, TB Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.
RP Jones, AL (reprint author), Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England.
EM A.L.Jones@ncl.ac.uk
OI Jones, Amanda/0000-0003-2170-6291
NR 36
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 1
U2 7
PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PI READING
PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG,
   BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 1466-5026
J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR
JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 54
BP 407
EP 411
DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02756-0
PN 2
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 807DA
UT WOS:000220481000015
PM 15023952
ER

PT J
AU Marais, BJ
   Gie, RP
   Schaaf, HS
   Hesseling, AC
   Obihara, CC
   Nelson, LJ
   Enarson, DA
   Donald, PR
   Beyers, N
AF Marais, BJ
   Gie, RP
   Schaaf, HS
   Hesseling, AC
   Obihara, CC
   Nelson, LJ
   Enarson, DA
   Donald, PR
   Beyers, N
TI The clinical epidemiology of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis: a
   critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
LA English
DT Article
DE review; pre-chemotherapy; epidemiology; childhood pulmonary tuberculosis
AB The pre-chemotherapy literature represents an impressive body of evidence that clarifies important epidemiological concepts in childhood tuberculosis. Reports describe the major transitions in tuberculosis, from exposure to infection and from infection to disease (morbidity and mortality), without the influence of chemotherapy. Children with household exposure to a sputum smear-positive source case experienced the greatest risk of becoming infected and of developing subsequent disease. Household exposure to a sputum smear-negative source case or non-household exposure still posed an appreciable, although greatly reduced, risk. Infection in children less than 2 years of age indicated a probable household source case. The majority of older children who were infected did not have a household source identified, and presumably became infected in the community. The annual risk of infection (ARI) was not constant across all ages, but seemed to increase during periods of widening social contact. Infants and adolescents were the groups at highest risk for disease development and death following primary infection.
C1 Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Ctr TB Res & Educ, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa.
   Tygerberg Childrens Hosp, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Cape Town, South Africa.
   Tygerberg Childrens Hosp, Ctr TB Res & Educ, Cape Town, South Africa.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Paris, France.
RP Marais, BJ (reprint author), Univ Stellenbosch, Fac Hlth Sci, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Ctr TB Res & Educ, POB 19063, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa.
EM bjmarais@sun.ac.za
NR 12
TC 103
Z9 106
U1 0
U2 0
PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D)
PI PARIS
PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 1027-3719
J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D
JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 8
IS 3
BP 278
EP 285
PG 8
WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System
SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System
GA 817FZ
UT WOS:000221164700003
PM 15139465
ER

PT J
AU Cegielski, JP
   McMurray, DN
AF Cegielski, JP
   McMurray, DN
TI The relationship between malnutrition and tuberculosis: evidence from
   studies in humans and experimental animals
SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
LA English
DT Review
DE tuberculosis; nutrition; human; guinea pig
ID EXPERIMENTAL PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; EXPERIMENTAL AIRBORNE TUBERCULOSIS;
   VIRULENT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PROTEIN-ENERGY MALNUTRITION;
   HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS; MALNOURISHED GUINEA-PIGS; T-CELL SUBSETS;
   IMMUNE-RESPONSES; BCG VACCINATION; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES
AB The oral traditions of medicine and public health have it that malnutrition is an important risk factor for the development of tuberculosis (TB). Malnutrition profoundly affects cell-mediated immunity (CMI), and CMI is the principle host defense against TB. It makes biological sense. Although most health professionals readily accept this principle, much of this belief is based on uncontrolled observations such as disaster situations or on backwards logic from the cachexia common among TB patients. In fact, the evidence in humans is surprisingly thin from the perspective of scientific rigor. And few data, if any, quantify the extent of the relative or attributable risk of TB due to malnutrition. Moreover, until recently, data from experimental animals were based on animal models that were largely not relevant to human TB infection and disease. This article reviews the scientific data supporting the contention that malnutrition is an important risk factor for TB concentrating on observations in humans and on experimental animal studies based on a highly relevant animal model. If it is true, malnutrition may account for a greater population attributable risk of TB than HIV infection, and certainly a much more correctable one.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, College Stn, TX USA.
RP Cegielski, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Dept, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM gzc2@cdc.gov
NR 112
TC 200
Z9 207
U1 3
U2 20
PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D)
PI PARIS
PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE
SN 1027-3719
J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D
JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 8
IS 3
BP 286
EP 298
PG 13
WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System
SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System
GA 817FZ
UT WOS:000221164700004
PM 15139466
ER

PT J
AU Santelli, JS
   Kaiser, J
   Hirsch, L
   Radosh, A
   Simkin, L
   Middlestadt, S
AF Santelli, JS
   Kaiser, J
   Hirsch, L
   Radosh, A
   Simkin, L
   Middlestadt, S
TI Initiation of sexual intercourse among middle school adolescents: The
   influence of psychosocial factors
SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE abstinence; adolescence; drug and alcohol use; initiation of sexual
   intercourse; peer norms; psychosocial factors; risk behaviors
ID TRANSMITTED DISEASES; MULTILEVEL MODELS; RISK; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; NORMS
AB Purpose: To explore potential psychosocial predictors for initiation of sexual intercourse among middle-school, inner-city youth, using longitudinal data from the Healthy and Alive! project.
   Methods: We conducted hierarchical, logistic regression with adjustment for intraclass correlation over two sequential periods, including seventh and eighth grades (N = 3163), to assess the independent influence of psychosocial and demographic factors. Internally reliable scales to assess psychosocial influences were created, based on major theories of behavior. The sample was 52% female, 51% black, 30% Hispanic, 9% white, and 3% Asian. At baseline, 13% of girls and 39% of boys reported already having initiated sexual intercourse.
   Results: Personal and perceived peer norms about refraining from sex were a strong and consistent protective factor. Alcohol and other drug use, poor academic performance, male gender, and black race were consistent risk factors. Self-efficacy showed a mixed effect: protective in the seventh grade but increasing risk in the eighth grade. Speaking a language other than English was a protective factor in seventh grade. Both psychosocial and demographic factors provided independent explanatory power.
   Conclusions: Psychosocial factors, particularly norms about having sex, influence initiation of sexual intercourse. These data suggest that programs to delay initiation of sexual intercourse should reinforce norms about refraining from sex. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Appl Sci Branch, DRH, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Acad Educ Dev, Washington, DC USA.
   US Dept Treasury, Washington, DC 20226 USA.
RP Santelli, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Appl Sci Branch, DRH, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM jsantelli@cdc.gov
NR 30
TC 107
Z9 108
U1 0
U2 13
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1054-139X
J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH
JI J. Adolesc. Health
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 34
IS 3
BP 200
EP 208
DI 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.06.004
PG 9
WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics
GA 776MB
UT WOS:000189118800009
PM 14967343
ER

PT J
AU Niccolai, LM
   Ethier, KA
   Kershaw, TS
   Lewis, JB
   Meade, CS
   Ickovics, JR
AF Niccolai, LM
   Ethier, KA
   Kershaw, TS
   Lewis, JB
   Meade, CS
   Ickovics, JR
TI New sex partner acquisition and sexually transmitted disease risk among
   adolescent females
SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE adolescents; new sex partners; sexually transmitted diseases
ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; CONDOM USE; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE;
   CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; YOUNG-ADULTS; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION;
   SPECIMENS; WOMEN
AB Purpose: To determine the association between new sex partner acquisition and incident STDs, to describe predictors of acquiring a new sex partner, and to compare new and established sex partnerships among adolescent females.
   Methods: Interview data and biological specimens for STD testing were collected from a sample of 411 adolescent females (average age 17.3 years, 44% black and 42% Hispanic) enrolled in a longitudinal study. The relationship between having a new sex partner and incident STD infection was estimated with logistic regression.
   Results: Acquisition of a new sex partner during the 12-month follow-up period was common (24%) and significantly associated with an incident STD infection (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.6-5.7). Predictors of new partner acquisition were younger age, younger age at first intercourse, and alcohol or drug use before sex in past 30 days. Being in a new partnership was significantly associated with greater uncertainty about the partners' STD history and recent sex with others.
   Conclusions: Being in a new sex partnership is an important predictor of incident STD infection. Awareness of this risk can help clinicians identify individuals who are more likely to get STDs and therefore target STD testing and appropriate prevention messages. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2004.
C1 Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   Yale Univ, Dept Psychol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Niccolai, LM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, POB 208034,60 Coll St, New Haven, CT 06520 USA.
EM linda.niccolai@yale.edu
FU NIMH NIH HHS [MH20031-02, P01 MH /DA56826-01A1]
NR 21
TC 34
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 1054-139X
J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH
JI J. Adolesc. Health
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 34
IS 3
BP 216
EP 223
DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00250-7
PG 8
WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Pediatrics
SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics
GA 776MB
UT WOS:000189118800011
PM 14967345
ER

PT J
AU Bohlke, K
   Davis, RL
   DeStefano, F
   Marcy, SM
   Braun, MM
   Thompson, RS
AF Bohlke, K
   Davis, RL
   DeStefano, F
   Marcy, SM
   Braun, MM
   Thompson, RS
CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team
TI Epidemiology of anaphylaxis among children and adolescents enrolled in a
   health maintenance organization
SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE anaphylaxis; children; adolescents; epidemiology
ID VACCINE SAFETY DATALINK; EMERGENCY; TREND
AB Background: There is little information about the incidence of anaphylaxis from all causes.
   Objective: The objects of this study were (1) to estimate the incidence of anaphylaxis; (2) to explore the range of diagnoses attributed to an anaphylactic episode; and (3) to describe the clinical features of anaphylaxis.
   Methods: The study population consisted of children and adolescents enrolled at a health maintenance organization. We identified potential episodes of anaphylaxis occurring between 1991 and 1997 from automated databases and reviewed the medical record to confirm the diagnosis. We reviewed all diagnoses specific for anaphylaxis (eg, ICD-9 995.0, anaphylactic shock) and sampled from among other related diagnoses (eg, ICD-9 995.3, allergy unspecified). Estimation of the incidence of provider-diagnosed anaphylaxis was based on cases confirmed from among the specific diagnosis codes. Description of the clinical features of anaphylaxis involved all confirmed cases regardless of diagnosis.
   Results: We identified 67 episodes of anaphylaxis among children with diagnosis codes specific for anaphylaxis (10.5 episodes per 100,000 person-years). There was no increase in incidence over time. Review of samples of diagnoses not specific for anaphylaxis yielded an additional 18 episodes. Among all identified episodes (n = 85), mucocutaneous and respiratory manifestations were the most common. Seventy-one percent of episodes were treated in the emergency department. Nine episodes (11%) resulted in hospitalization.
   Conclusions: The incidence of anaphylaxis did not increase during these years. A majority of episodes were treated in the emergency department. Anaphylaxis in this population was frequently diagnosed as another related condition, and the basis and implications of diagnostic practices in this disorder warrant further exploration.
C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA.
   Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Dept Prevent Care, Seattle, WA 98101 USA.
   US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.
   Kaiser Fdn Hosp, Panorama City, CA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
RP Bohlke, K (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA.
FU PHS HHS [200-0957]
NR 22
TC 162
Z9 168
U1 0
U2 2
PU MOSBY, INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA
SN 0091-6749
J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN
JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 113
IS 3
BP 536
EP 542
DI 10.1016/j.jaci.2003.11.033
PG 7
WC Allergy; Immunology
SC Allergy; Immunology
GA 802DM
UT WOS:000220144200028
PM 15007358
ER

PT J
AU Duty, SM
   Calafat, AM
   Silva, MJ
   Brock, JW
   Ryan, L
   Chen, ZY
   Overstreet, J
   Hauser, R
AF Duty, SM
   Calafat, AM
   Silva, MJ
   Brock, JW
   Ryan, L
   Chen, ZY
   Overstreet, J
   Hauser, R
TI The relationship between environmental exposure to phthalates and
   computer-aided sperm analysis motion parameters
SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE environment; epidemiology; human phthalate
ID ASSISTED SEMEN ANALYSIS; QUANTITATIVE DETECTION; ALPHA-CHLOROHYDRIN;
   HUMAN SPERMATOZOA; PREDICTIVE VALUE; ADULT-RATS; QUALITY; MEN;
   METABOLITES; FERTILITY
AB The general population is exposed to phthalates through consumer products, diet, and medical devices. The present study explored whether phthalates, reproductive toxins in laboratory animals, were associated with altered sperm movement characteristics in men. Two-hundred twenty subjects provided a semen sample for computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) and a urine sample for measurement of phthalate monoesters, monoethyl (MEP), monobenzyl (MBzP), mono-n-butyl (MBIP), mono-2-ethylhexyl (MEHP), and monomethyl (MMP). Three CASA parameters, straight-line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and linearity (LIN), were used as measures of sperm progression, sperm vigor, and swimming pattern, respectively. There were suggestive dose-response relationships (shown as the predicted change in mean sperm motion parameter for the second and third tertiles compared with the first tertile; P value for trend) for MBzP with VSL (-2.36 mum/s, -2.81 mum/s; P = .09) and VCL (-1.67 mum/s, -2.45 mum/s; P =.4). There were suggestive negative associations between MBP and VSL (-3.07 mum/s, -2.87 mum/ s; P = .08) and VCL (-3.25 mum/s; -3.46 mum/s; P = .2), and between MEHP with VSL (-1.09 mum/s, -2.73 mum/s; P = .1) and VCL (-0.29 mum/s, -2.93 mum/s; P = .3). In contrast to the other phthalates, MEP was positively associated with VSL and VCL but negatively associated with LIN. No consistent relationship was found for MMP and any sperm motion parameter. Although we did not find statistically significant associations, trends between CASA parameters, sperm velocity, and forward progression, and increased urinary levels of MBP, MBzP, and MEHP warrant further follow-up.
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Simmons Coll, Sch Hlth Studies, Nursing Programs, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Biostat Sci, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Vincent Mem Obstet & Gynecol Serv Androl Lab, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   Massachusetts Gen Hosp, In Vitro Fertilizat Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Div Reprod Biol & Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
RP Hauser, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Occupat Hlth Program, Bldg 1,Room 1405,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
RI Ryan, Louise/A-4562-2009
OI Ryan, Louise/0000-0001-5957-2490
FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES07069, ES09718, ES00002]
NR 47
TC 78
Z9 82
U1 4
U2 10
PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0196-3635
J9 J ANDROL
JI J. Androl.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 25
IS 2
BP 293
EP 302
PG 10
WC Andrology
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 780LM
UT WOS:000189382200020
PM 14760016
ER

PT J
AU Lowe, BD
   Schrader, SM
   Breitenstein, MJ
AF Lowe, BD
   Schrader, SM
   Breitenstein, MJ
TI Perineal pressure associated with bicycle saddle designs
SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 29th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Andrology (ASA 2004)
CY APR 17-20, 2004
CL Baltimore, MD
SP Amer Soc Androl
C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC
PI LAWRENCE
PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA
SN 0196-3635
J9 J ANDROL
JI J. Androl.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
SU S
MA 172
BP 96
EP 96
PG 1
WC Andrology
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism
GA 803LE
UT WOS:000220231800173
ER

PT J
AU Carter, M
AF Carter, M
TI Husband involvement in the treatment of child illness in Guatemala
SO JOURNAL OF BIOSOCIAL SCIENCE
LA English
DT Article
ID RURAL GUATEMALA; HEALTH; GENDER; UNDERSTANDINGS; COUNTRIES; COMMUNITY;
   BEHAVIOR
AB The aim of this study is to test prevailing assumptions that Guatemalan men are authoritative or aloof husbands and, in turn, are either problematic or irrelevant to child health. Based on survey data collected in 1994-95 about 959 children, this research examines whether, how and why husbands were involved in recent episodes of young children's illness and sheds light on the potential effect of husband involvement on treatment. A relatively high percentage of women reported that they asked for advice or assistance from their husbands regarding child illness, and, contrary to popular notions, the multivariate analyses suggest that husbands' involvement was not driven by their household authority. Rather, key determinants of whether husbands gave advice or assistance included characteristics of the illness and child and the availability of sources of social support, while key determinants of what kind of support husbands gave (namely whether they gave/bought medicines, recommended a provider visit, or gave other advice or assistance) largely related to characteristics of the illness and child, as well as the availability of biomedical health care providers in the community and ethnicity.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Carter, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD31327, P30HD32030]
NR 22
TC 3
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 0
PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
PI NEW YORK
PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA
SN 0021-9320
J9 J BIOSOC SCI
JI J. Biosoc. Sci.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 36
IS 2
BP 189
EP 208
DI 10.1017/S0021932003006199
PG 20
WC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social
   Sciences, Biomedical
SC Demography; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical
   Social Sciences
GA 805CN
UT WOS:000220344500005
PM 15030015
ER

PT J
AU Thompson, NJ
   Waterman, MB
   Sleet, DA
AF Thompson, NJ
   Waterman, MB
   Sleet, DA
TI Using behavioral science to improve fire escape behaviors in response to
   a smoke alarm
SO JOURNAL OF BURN CARE & REHABILITATION
LA English
DT Article
ID FATAL RESIDENTIAL FIRES; INJURY PREVENTION; BURN PREVENTION; PROGRAM;
   DETECTORS; IMPACT; SKILLS; HEALTH; WOMEN; LIFE
AB Although the likelihood of fire-related death in homes with smoke alarms is about one-half that in homes without alarms, alarm effectiveness is limited by behavior. Only 16% of residents of homes with alarms have developed and practiced plans for escape when the alarm sounds. We reviewed literature to identify behavioral constructs that influence smoke alarm use. We then convened experts in the behavioral aspects of smoke alarms who reviewed the constructs and determined that the appropriate areas for behavioral focus were formulating, practicing, and implementing escape plans should an alarm sound. They subsequently identified important behaviors to be addressed by burn-prevention programs and incorporated the constructs into a behavioral model for use in such programs. Finally, we organized the available literature to support this model and make programmatic recommendations. Many gaps remain in behavioral research to improve fire escape planning and practice. Future research must select the target behavior, apply behavioral theories, and distinguish between initiation and maintenance of behaviors associated with planning, practicing, and implementing home fire escape plans.
C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Div Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30036 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Washington, DC USA.
RP Thompson, NJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Div Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30036 USA.
NR 38
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 3
U2 7
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0273-8481
J9 J BURN CARE REHABIL
JI J. Burn Care Rehabil.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 25
IS 2
BP 179
EP 188
DI 10.1097/01.BCR.0000111767.05553.91
PG 10
WC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery
SC Emergency Medicine; Rehabilitation; Surgery
GA 800QT
UT WOS:000220043500005
PM 15091145
ER

PT J
AU Paulose-Ram, R
   Jonas, BS
   Orwig, D
   Safran, MA
AF Paulose-Ram, R
   Jonas, BS
   Orwig, D
   Safran, MA
TI Prescription psychotropic medication use among the US adult population:
   results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey,
   1988-1994
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE psychotropics; antidepressants; anxiolytics; antipsychotics; NHANES III;
   medication use
ID UNITED-STATES ADULTS; DRUG-USE; PRIMARY-CARE; PATTERNS; PREVALENCE;
   GENDER; COMMUNITY; CONSUMPTION; WOMEN
AB Objective: We estimated prescription psychotropic medication use among US adults.
   Methods: We examined household interview data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) for persons 17 years and older (n = 20,050).
   Study Design and Setting: An estimated 10 million adults (5.5%) reported psychotropic medication use during a 1-month period. The use of anxiolytics, sedatives, and hypnotics (ASH) was most common (3.2%), followed by antidepressants (2.3%), antipsychotics (0.7%), and antimanics (0.1%). Psychotropic medication use was more prevalent among women than men (P < .001), non-Hispanic whites than non-Hispanic blacks (P < .001) and Mexican Americans (P < .001), and older rather than younger age groups (P < .001). Psychotropic medication use was also most common among those below the federal poverty level, those with no high school education, and among insured persons. Only 1% of adults used two or more psychotropic medications monthly.
   Conclusion: Many adults use psychotropic medications on a monthly basis. ASH users comprised the largest proportion of psychotropic medication users. Patterns of use varied by several socio-demographic factors. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Natl Hlth, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mental Hlth Work Grp, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Paulose-Ram, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Natl Hlth, 3311 Toledo Rd, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
EM RPaulose@cdc.gov
NR 47
TC 52
Z9 52
U1 3
U2 4
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0895-4356
J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL
JI J. Clin. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 57
IS 3
BP 309
EP 317
DI 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.05.001
PG 9
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 814OH
UT WOS:000220983500012
PM 15066692
ER

PT J
AU Wang, H
   Erickson, JD
   Li, Z
   Berry, RJ
AF Wang, H
   Erickson, JD
   Li, Z
   Berry, RJ
TI Evaluation of the informed consent process in a Randomized controlled
   trial in China: The Sino-US NTD Project
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ETHICS
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Conference on the Use of Human Subjects in Research
CY OCT 20-22, 2001
CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA
ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CLINICAL-TRIAL; RESEARCH PARTICIPANTS;
   DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; INFORMATION; COMPREHENSION; PREVENTION; KNOWLEDGE;
   IMPROVES; QUALITY
C1 Beijing Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Beijing Univ, Inst Reprod & Child Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
RP Wang, H (reprint author), Beijing Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Hlth Stat, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.
EM rjberry@cdc.gov
OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046
NR 39
TC 9
Z9 10
U1 2
U2 2
PU UNIV PUBLISHING GROUP
PI HAGERSTOWN
PA 138 W WASHINGTON ST, STE 403-405, HAGERSTOWN, MD 21740 USA
SN 1046-7890
J9 J CLIN ETHIC
JI J. Clin. Ethics
PD SPR
PY 2004
VL 15
IS 1
BP 61
EP 75
PG 15
WC Ethics; Social Sciences, Biomedical
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Biomedical Social Sciences
GA 826DI
UT WOS:000221809000012
PM 15202360
ER

PT J
AU Mohamed, AM
   Bastola, DR
   Morlock, GP
   Cooksey, RC
   Hinrichs, SH
AF Mohamed, AM
   Bastola, DR
   Morlock, GP
   Cooksey, RC
   Hinrichs, SH
TI Temperature-mediated Heteroduplex analysis for detection of pncA
   mutations associated with pyrazinamide resistance and differentiation
   between mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis by denaturing
   high-performance liquid chromatography
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SHORT-COURSE CHEMOTHERAPY; BACILLE CALMETTE-GUERIN; VERTEBRAL
   OSTEOMYELITIS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCLE-BACILLI; SUSCEPTIBILITY;
   GENE; IDENTIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; CHILDREN
AB The goal of this study was to apply temperature-mediated heteroduplex analysis using denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography to identify pyrazinamide (PZA) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates and simultaneously differentiate between M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. Features that contributed to an optimal assay included the use of two different reference probes for the pncA gene targets from wild-type M. tuberculosis and wild-type M. bovis, optimization of the column temperature, increasing the starting concentration of the elution buffer, and reducing the rate of elution buffer increase (slope). A total of 69 strains were studied, including 48 wild-type M. tuberculosis strains (13 were PZA-resistant strains) and 21 M. bovis strains (8 were BCG strains). In all isolates tested, wild-type M. tuberculosis generated a single-peak pattern when mixed with the M. tuberculosis probe and a double-peak pattern with the M. bovis probe. In contrast, all M. bovis isolates generated a double-peak pattern when mixed with the M. tuberculosis probe and a single-peak pattern with the M. bovis probe. PZA-resistant mutant M. tuberculosis isolates generated characteristic patterns that were easily distinguishable from both wild-type M. tuberculosis and M. bovis isolates. Chromatographic patterns generated by the two reference probes allowed the rapid detection of PZA resistance with the simultaneous ability to distinguish between M. tuberculosis and M. bovis. This approach may allow the detection of drug resistance-associated mutations, with potential application to clinical and epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis control.
C1 Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Nebraska Med Ctr 986495, Omaha, NE 68198 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Hinrichs, SH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Nebraska Med Ctr 986495, Omaha, NE 68198 USA.
EM shinrich@unmc.edu
NR 32
TC 17
Z9 23
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 3
BP 1016
EP 1023
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1016-1023.2004
PG 8
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 805OZ
UT WOS:000220376900012
PM 15004047
ER

PT J
AU Milan, SJ
   Hauge, KA
   Kurepina, NE
   Lofy, KH
   Goldberg, SV
   Narita, M
   Nolan, CM
   McElroy, PD
   Kreiswirth, BN
   Cangelosi, GA
AF Milan, SJ
   Hauge, KA
   Kurepina, NE
   Lofy, KH
   Goldberg, SV
   Narita, M
   Nolan, CM
   McElroy, PD
   Kreiswirth, BN
   Cangelosi, GA
TI Expanded geographical distribution of the N family of Mycobacterium
   tuberculosis strains within the United States
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; W-BEIJING FAMILY; MOLECULAR
   EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXOGENOUS REINFECTION; GLOBAL DISSEMINATION;
   IDENTIFICATION; OUTBREAK; CULTURES; GENOTYPE; SPREAD
AB The N and W-Beijing families of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are phylogenetically closely related. The ability of the W-Beijing family to rapidly cause widespread disease is well described; however, few outbreaks involving the N family have been reported outside the New York City, N.Y., area. During 2002 to 2003, Seattle, Wash., experienced a rapidly expanding tuberculosis outbreak involving 38 persons in a 23-month period. The outbreak strain, SBRI9, exhibited the genotypic properties of the N family. Its IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism pattern was identical or nearly identical to those of two N family strains that were responsible for clusters of tuberculosis cases, including a large nosocomial outbreak, in New York City and New Jersey from 1989 to 1990. It was also identical to strains involved in late 1990s tuberculosis cases in Michigan, Maryland, and Arkansas. Further monitoring of the N family may show that it shares with the W-Beijing family the propensity to spread rapidly, suggesting that this characteristic evolved prior to the divergence of the two genetic lineages.
C1 Seattle Biomed Res Inst, Seattle, WA 98107 USA.
   Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Int Ctr Publ Hlth, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Newark, NJ USA.
RP Cangelosi, GA (reprint author), Seattle Biomed Res Inst, 4 Nickerson St,Suite 200, Seattle, WA 98107 USA.
EM gcang@sbri.org
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI25767]
NR 25
TC 22
Z9 24
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 3
BP 1064
EP 1068
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1064-1068.2004
PG 5
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 805OZ
UT WOS:000220376900019
PM 15004054
ER

PT J
AU Fritz, CL
   Bronson, LR
   Smith, CR
   Schriefer, ME
   Tucker, JR
   Schwan, TG
AF Fritz, CL
   Bronson, LR
   Smith, CR
   Schriefer, ME
   Tucker, JR
   Schwan, TG
TI Isolation and characterization of Borrelia hermsii associated with two
   foci of tick-borne relapsing fever in California
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID GLYCEROPHOSPHODIESTER PHOSPHODIESTERASE GLPQ; LYME-DISEASE; SEROLOGICAL
   DISCRIMINATION; INTERSTATE OUTBREAK; UNITED-STATES; BURGDORFERI;
   ANTIBODY; PROTEINS
AB Relapsing fever, caused by the spirochete Borrelia hermsii and transmitted by the soft tick Ornithodoros hermsi, is endemic in many rural mountainous areas of California. Between 1996 and 1998, 12 cases of relapsing fever associated with two exposure sites in northern California were investigated. Follow-up at exposure sites included collection of soft ticks and serum specimens from sylvatic rodents. Attempts to cultivate spirochetes were made through inoculation of patient blood into mice and by feeding Ornithodoros ticks on mice. Three isolates of B. hermsii were recovered from two blood specimens and one pool of ticks. The protein and plasmid profiles of the three isolates were comparable to those of previous B. hermsii isolates from the western United States. Western immunoblotting of patient sera demonstrated an expanding immunologic response to antigens within four distinct molecular weight regions by 3 to 4 weeks postonset. Antibody to B. hermsii was detected in sera from 4 of 11 yellow-pine chipmunks (Tamias amoenus); no other rodent species collected were seropositive.
C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Lab Human Bacterial Pathogenesis, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA.
RP Fritz, CL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, MS 7307,POB 997413, Sacramento, CA 95899 USA.
EM cfritz@dhs.ca.gov
NR 24
TC 22
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 3
BP 1123
EP 1128
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1123-1128.2004
PG 6
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 805OZ
UT WOS:000220376900028
PM 15004063
ER

PT J
AU Hacek, DM
   Cordell, RL
   Noskin, GA
   Peterson, LR
AF Hacek, DM
   Cordell, RL
   Noskin, GA
   Peterson, LR
TI Computer-assisted surveillance for detecting clonal outbreaks of
   nosocomial infection
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID SYSTEM; CARE
AB Whole-house surveillance for healthcare-associated infection is no longer the recommended practice because of the large personnel time investment required. We developed a computer-based tracking system using microbiologic data as an aid in detecting potential outbreaks of healthcare-associated infections on a hospital-wide basis. Monthly total isolates of 25 clinically significant hospital pathogens were tallied from 1991 to 1998 to form a database for future comparison. Two different algorithm tools (based on increases of organism numbers over baseline) were applied to determine alert thresholds for suspected outbreaks using this information. The first algorithm (2SD) defined an alert as two standard deviations above the mean monthly number of isolates. The second (MI) defined an alert as either a 100% increase from the baseline organism number over 2 months or a greater than or equal to50% increase (compared to baseline) during a three-consecutive-month period. These two methods were compared to standard infection control professional surveillance (ICP) for the detection of clonal outbreaks over 12 months. Overall, a total of seven clonal outbreaks were detected during the 1-year study. Using standard methods, ICP investigated nine suspected outbreaks, four of which were associated with clonal microbes. The 2SD method signaled a suspected outbreak 15 times, of which three were clonal and ICP had detected one. The MI method signaled a suspected outbreak 30 times; four of these were clonal, and ICP had detected one. The sensitivity and specificity values for ICP, 2SD, and MI for detecting clonal outbreaks were 57, 43, and 57% and 17, 83, and 67%, respectively. Statistical methods applied to clinical microbiology laboratory information system data efficiently supplement infection control efforts for outbreak detection.
C1 Evanston NW Healthcare, Evanston, IL USA.
   NW Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
   Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Hlth Outcomes Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Hacek, DM (reprint author), Evanston Hosp Corp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Clin Microbiol Div, Mol Epidemiol Sect,Evanston NW Healthcare, 2650 Ridge Ave, Evanston, IL 60201 USA.
EM dhacek@enh.org
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU515081]
NR 25
TC 21
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 3
BP 1170
EP 1175
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1170-1175.2004
PG 6
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 805OZ
UT WOS:000220376900035
PM 15004070
ER

PT J
AU Carvalho, MDS
   Steigerwalt, AG
   Morey, RE
   Shewmaker, PL
   Teixeira, LM
   Facklam, RR
AF Carvalho, MDS
   Steigerwalt, AG
   Morey, RE
   Shewmaker, PL
   Teixeira, LM
   Facklam, RR
TI Characterization of three new enterococcal species, Enterococcus sp nov
   CDC PNS-E2, Enterococcus sp nov CDC PNS-E3, and Enterococcus sp nov CDC
   PNS-E3, isolated from human clinical specimens
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID AD-HOC-COMMITTEE; RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; DIFFERENTIATION; VILLORUM;
   FAECIUM
AB As a reference laboratory, the Streptococcus Laboratory at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is frequently asked to confirm the identity of unusual or difficult-to-identify catalase-negative, grampositive cocci. In order to accomplish the precise identification of these microorganisms, we have systematically applied analysis of whole-cell protein profiles (WCPP) and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments, in conjunction with conventional physiological tests. Using this approach, we recently focused on the characterization of three strains resembling the physiological groups I (strain SS-1730), II (strain SS-1729), and IV (strain SS-1728) of enterococcal species. Two strains were isolated from human blood, and one was isolated from human brain tissue. The results of physiological testing were not consistent enough to allow confident inclusion of the strains in any of the known enterococcal species. Resistance to vancomycin was detected in one of the strains (SS-1729). Analysis of WCPP showed unique profiles for each strain, which were not similar to the profiles of any previously described Enterococcus species. 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing results revealed three new taxa within the genus Enterococcus. The results of DNA-DNA relatedness experiments were consistent with the results of WCPP analysis and 16S rDNA sequencing, since the percentages of homology with all 25 known species of Enterococcus were lower than 70%. Overall, the results indicate that these three strains constitute three new species of Enterococcus identified from human clinical sources, including one that harbors the vanA gene. The isolates were provisionally designated Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC Proposed New Species of Enterococcus 1 (CDC PNS-E1), type strain SS-1728(T) (= ATCC BAA-780(T) = CCUG 47860(T)); Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E2, type strain SS-1729(T) (= ATCC BAA-781(T) = CCUG 47861(T)); and Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E3, type strain SS-1730(T) (= ATCC BAA-782(T) = CCUG 47862(T)).
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
   Conselho Nacl Desenvolvimento Cientifico & Tecnol, BR-21941590 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.
RP Facklam, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM rrf2@cdc.gov
NR 20
TC 18
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 3
BP 1192
EP 1198
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1192-1198.2004
PG 7
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 805OZ
UT WOS:000220376900039
ER

PT J
AU Madison, BM
   Siddiqi, SH
   Heifets, L
   Gross, W
   Higgins, M
   Warren, N
   Thompson, A
   Morlock, G
   Ridderhof, JC
AF Madison, BM
   Siddiqi, SH
   Heifets, L
   Gross, W
   Higgins, M
   Warren, N
   Thompson, A
   Morlock, G
   Ridderhof, JC
TI Identification of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain with stable,
   low-level resistance to isoniazid
SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID CATALASE-PEROXIDASE GENE; MUTATIONS; KATG
AB We have identified a potential quality control strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to monitor isoniazid susceptibility testing. This strain (strain A) has a stable phenotypic low-level resistance to isoniazid, has a mutation of C (-15) --> T in the inhA promoter region, and gave consistent susceptibility test results in 141 laboratories.
C1 CDCP, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
   CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Becton Dickinson Microbiol Syst, Sparks, MD 21152 USA.
   Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80206 USA.
   VA TB Ref Lab, West Haven, CT 06516 USA.
   Lab Corp Amer, Burlington, NC 27215 USA.
RP Madison, BM (reprint author), CDCP, Off Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS G-25, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM bdm6@cdc.gov
NR 7
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0095-1137
J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL
JI J. Clin. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 42
IS 3
BP 1294
EP 1295
DI 10.1128/JCM.42.3.1294-1295.2004
PG 2
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 805OZ
UT WOS:000220376900064
PM 15004099
ER

PT J
AU Ronzio, CR
   Pamuk, E
   Squires, GD
AF Ronzio, CR
   Pamuk, E
   Squires, GD
TI The politics of preventable deaths: local spending, income inequality,
   and premature mortality in US cities
SO JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Urban Affairs Meeting
CY 2003
CL CLEVELAND, OHIO
ID UNITED-STATES; PSYCHOSOCIAL ENVIRONMENT; HEALTH; AREAS
AB Objective: To examine the association between ( 1) local political party, ( 2) urban policies, measured by spending on local programmes, and ( 3) income inequality with premature mortality in large US cities.
   Design: Cross sectional ecological study.
   Outcome measures: All cause death rates and death rates attributable to preventable or immediate causes for people under age 75.
   Predictor measures: Income inequality, city spending, and social factors.
   Setting: All central cities in the US with population equal to or greater than 100 000.
   Results: Income inequality is the most significant social variable associated with preventable or immediate death rates, and the relation is very strong: a unit increase in the Gini coefficient is associated with 37% higher death rates. Spending on police is associated with 23% higher preventable death rates compared with 14% lower death rates in cities with high spending on roads.
   Conclusions: Cities with high income inequality and poverty are so far unable to reduce their mortality through local expenditures on public goods, regardless of the mayoral party. Longitudinal data are necessary to determine if city spending on social programmes reduces mortality over time.
C1 George Washington Univ, Res Ctr 6, Dept Pediat, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA.
   George Washington Univ, Dept Sociol, Washington, DC 20052 USA.
RP Ronzio, CR (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Res Ctr 6, Dept Pediat, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Room 6103,111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, DC 20010 USA.
EM cronzio@cnmc.org
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [CCCS 900 18A 81 0711]
NR 37
TC 23
Z9 25
U1 1
U2 4
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0143-005X
J9 J EPIDEMIOL COMMUN H
JI J. Epidemiol. Community Health
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 58
IS 3
BP 175
EP 179
DI 10.1136/jech.2003.008672
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 774FZ
UT WOS:000188970300003
PM 14966226
ER

PT J
AU Wolfe, MI
   Mott, JA
   Voorhees, RE
   Sewell, CM
   Paschal, D
   Wood, CM
   McKinney, PE
   Redd, S
AF Wolfe, MI
   Mott, JA
   Voorhees, RE
   Sewell, CM
   Paschal, D
   Wood, CM
   McKinney, PE
   Redd, S
TI Assessment of urinary metals following exposure to a large vegetative
   fire, New Mexico, 2000
SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE fires; sampling studies; air pollution; smoke; environmental exposure;
   environmental monitoring
AB Introduction: In May 2000, a vegetative. re burned 47,000 acres in northern New Mexico, including 7500 acres of land administered by the Los Alamos National Laboratory. We evaluated potential human exposures from the. re. Methods: We surveyed two populations (firefighters and the general population) in four cities for urine heavy metal concentrations. Reference concentrations were based on the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey( NHANES III). Multivariate linear regression assessed the association of urinary metal concentrations with smoke exposure. We also performed isotopic analysis of uranium and cesium on a subset of specimens. Results: A total of 92 firefighters and 135 nonfirefighters participated. In both populations, urinary nickel, cesium, chromium, and uranium concentrations were greater than expected compared with NHANES III reference values. No values required immediate medical follow-up. Regression analysis demonstrated that for National Guard members, arsenic and cadmium levels were significantly related to smoke exposure, and for firefighters, cesium and arsenic levels were significantly related to exposure; however, only for cesium in National Guard members was this association in the positive direction. Isotopic analysis demonstrated that the cesium and uranium were naturally occurring. Conclusions: Some people had spot urine metal concentrations above nationally derived reference values, and values for some metals were associated with smoke exposure. These associations had little public health or clinical importance. Studies of exposures resulting from vegetative. res are difficult, and careful consideration should be given to the technical and communication processes at the outset of a. re exposure investigation. Recommendations for future investigations include testing as soon as possible during or after a. re, and early clinical consultation with a medical toxicologist.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
   New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Radiat Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
   Univ New Mexico, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
   New Mexico Poison Ctr, Albuquerque, NM USA.
RP Wolfe, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-46, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA.
EM msw6@cdc.gov
NR 14
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 3
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA
SN 1053-4245
J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID
JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 14
IS 2
BP 120
EP 128
DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500299
PG 9
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 801XP
UT WOS:000220128900002
PM 15014542
ER

PT J
AU Campagna, D
   Kathman, SJ
   Pierson, R
   Inserra, SG
   Phifer, BL
   Middleton, DC
   Zarus, GM
   White, MC
AF Campagna, D
   Kathman, SJ
   Pierson, R
   Inserra, SG
   Phifer, BL
   Middleton, DC
   Zarus, GM
   White, MC
TI Ambient hydrogen sulfide, total reduced sulfur, and hospital visits for
   respiratory diseases in northeast Nebraska, 1998-2000
SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE asthma; respiratory tract diseases; digestive system diseases; air
   pollution; hydrogen sulfide
ID KARELIA AIR-POLLUTION; LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; PULP-MILLS; TIME-SERIES;
   HEALTH; SYMPTOMS; ADMISSIONS; POLLUTANTS; WORKERS; ROTORUA
AB This analysis examined associations between total reduced sulfur (TRS) and hydrogen sulfide ( H2S) levels, and hospital visits for respiratory disease among residents of Dakota City and South Sioux City, Nebraska, from January 1998 to May 2000. For reference, the association between TRS, H2S, and digestive diseases was also examined. Time-series analyses of daily hospital visits in the selected outcome categories and measures of TRS and H2S were performed using generalized additive models with a Poisson link. TRS and H2S levels were categorized as high if at least one of the daily 30-min rolling averages was greater than or equal to30 ppb and as low if every rolling average was <30 ppb. Loess smoothers allowed for flexible modeling of the time effect and the effect of temperature and relative humidity. The measure of association used was the mean percent change in the average number of hospital visits recorded following a day with a high exposure versus a day with a low exposure. For children less than 18 years of age, a positive association was found between asthma hospital visits and 1-day lagged TRS levels. For adults, a positive association was found between asthma hospital visits and H2S levels on the previous day. A positive association also was found between hospital visits for all respiratory diseases, and H2S and TRS levels on the previous day for children but not for adults. No association was found between contaminant levels and hospital visits for all digestive diseases. These findings suggest that TRS or H2S levels may be associated with exacerbations of asthma or other respiratory diseases among the residents of Dakota City and South Sioux City.
C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Hlth Invest Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Lockheed Martin Corp, REAC AirGrp, Edison, NJ 08837 USA.
   Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Exposure Invest Branch, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Inserra, SG (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Hlth Invest Branch, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM sai0@cdc.gov
RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012
OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962
NR 32
TC 41
Z9 43
U1 0
U2 9
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI NEW YORK
PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA
SN 1053-4245
J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID
JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 14
IS 2
BP 180
EP 187
DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500313
PG 8
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 801XP
UT WOS:000220128900009
PM 15014549
ER

PT J
AU Tinsley, BJ
   Lees, NB
   Sumartojo, E
AF Tinsley, BJ
   Lees, NB
   Sumartojo, E
TI Child and adolescent HIV risk: Familial and cultural perspectives
SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL; PARENT-TEEN
   COMMUNICATION; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION PROGRAM; CONDOM USE; SAFER
   SEX; MULTISYSTEM PERSPECTIVE; REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS; YOUNGER SISTERS
AB The authors' goal is to review and integrate theory and research focused on the impact of the family, within a cultural perspective, on HIV prevention in childhood and adolescence. Families' impact on adolescents' HIV risk and prevention is examined through the lens of culture, focusing on the individual adolescent factors and family-level influences that converge to determine adolescents' HIV risk status. Family-based risk and health socialization during childhood and adolescence is theoretically and empirically evaluated, from developmental, cultural, and communication perspectives. The influence of families on adolescents' HIV knowledge, risk, and prevention strategies is explored from a developmental perspective. Finally, a future research agenda, focused on remaining issues that affect the ability to understand and modify HIV risk in adolescence, is outlined.
C1 Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Psychol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Tinsley, BJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Psychol, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA.
EM barbara.tinsley@ucr.edu
NR 149
TC 40
Z9 42
U1 1
U2 2
PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA
SN 0893-3200
J9 J FAM PSYCHOL
JI J. Fam. Psychol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 1
BP 208
EP 224
DI 10.1037/0893-3200.18.1.208
PG 17
WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies
SC Psychology; Family Studies
GA 800PA
UT WOS:000220039000018
PM 14992622
ER

PT J
AU Peret, TCT
   Abed, Y
   Anderson, LJ
   Erdman, DD
   Boivin, G
AF Peret, TCT
   Abed, Y
   Anderson, LJ
   Erdman, DD
   Boivin, G
TI Sequence polymorphism of the predicted human metapneumovirus G
   glycoprotein
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; ATTACHMENT PROTEIN; GENETIC DIVERSITY;
   SUBGROUP-A; GROUP-B; STRAINS; PNEUMOVIRUSES; INFECTIONS; NUCLEOTIDE;
   CHILDREN
AB The putative G glycoprotein genes of 25 human metapneumovirus (hMPV) field isolates obtained during five consecutive epidemic seasons (1997 to 2002) were sequenced. Sequence alignments identified two major genetic groups, designated groups 1 and 2, and two minor genetic clusters within each major group, designated subgroups A and B. Extensive nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence variability was observed, consisting of high rates of nucleotide substitutions, use of alternative transcription-termination codons and insertions that retained the reading frame. Deduced amino acid sequences showed the greatest variability, with most differences located in the extracellular domain of the protein: nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities for the entire open reading frame ranged from 52 to 58% and 31 to 35 respectively, between the two major groups. Like the closely related avian pneumovirus and human and bovine respiratory syncytial viruses, the predicted G protein of hMPV shared the basic features of a type II mucin-like glycosylated protein. However, differences from these related viruses were also observed, e.g. lack of conserved cysteine clusters as seen in human respiratory syncytial virus and avian pneumovirus. The displacement of genetic groups of hMPV observed during the study period suggests that potential antigenic; differences in the G glycoprotein, which have evolved in response to immune-mediated pressure, may influence the circulation patterns of hMPV strains.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Laval, Dept Microbiol, Quebec Univ Hosp Ctr, Res Ctr Infect Dis, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4G2, Canada.
RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM dde1@cdc.gov
NR 34
TC 49
Z9 56
U1 0
U2 0
PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PI READING
PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG,
   BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1317
J9 J GEN VIROL
JI J. Gen. Virol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 85
BP 679
EP 686
DI 10.1099/vir.0.19504-0
PN 3
PG 8
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
GA 802VU
UT WOS:000220191800016
PM 14993653
ER

PT J
AU Halpin, K
   Bankamp, B
   Harcourt, BH
   Bellini, WJ
   Rota, PA
AF Halpin, K
   Bankamp, B
   Harcourt, BH
   Bellini, WJ
   Rota, PA
TI Nipah virus conforms to the rule of six in a minigenome replication
   assay
SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID HEXAMER GENOME LENGTH; VIRAL-RNA SYNTHESIS; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION;
   HENDRA VIRUS; C-PROTEIN; V PROTEIN; PARAMYXOVIRUS; RESCUE; GENE;
   TRANSCRIPTION
AB To study the replication of Nipah virus (NiV), a minigenome replication assay that does not require the use of infectious virus was developed. The minigenome was constructed to encode a NiV vRNA analogue containing the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) under the control of putative NiV transcription motifs and flanked by the NiV genomic termini. CAT protein was detected only when plasmids encoding the NiV minigenome, nucleocapsid protein (N), phosphoprotein (P) and polymerase protein (L) were transfected into CV1 cells. To determine whether NiV conforms to the rule of six, a series of plasmids; encoding minigenomes that differed in length by a single nucleotide was tested in the replication assay. CAT production was detected only with the minigenome whose length was an even multiple of six. The replication assay was also used to show that the N, P and L proteins of NiV recognize cis-acting sequences in the genomic termini of Hendra virus (HeV) but not measles virus. While these results suggest that NiV uses a replication strategy that is similar to those of other paramyxoviruses, they also support the inclusion of NiV and HeV in a separate genus within the subfamily Paramyxovirinae.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM prota@cdc.gov
RI Halpin, Kim/G-6203-2012
NR 26
TC 64
Z9 69
U1 0
U2 6
PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
PI READING
PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG,
   BERKS, ENGLAND
SN 0022-1317
J9 J GEN VIROL
JI J. Gen. Virol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 85
BP 701
EP 707
DI 10.1099/vir.0.19685-0
PN 3
PG 7
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology
GA 802VU
UT WOS:000220191800019
PM 14993656
ER

PT J
AU Farrelly, MC
   Pechacek, TF
   Chaloupka, FJ
AF Farrelly, MC
   Pechacek, TF
   Chaloupka, FJ
TI The impact of tobacco control program expenditures on aggregate
   cigarette sales: 1981-2000 (vol 22, pg 843, 2003)
SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH ECONOMICS
LA English
DT Correction
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Illinois, Dept Econ, Chicago, IL 60680 USA.
RP Farrelly, MC (reprint author), RT1,3040 Cornwallis Rd, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
EM mcf@rti.org
NR 1
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 2
U2 3
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0167-6296
J9 J HEALTH ECON
JI J. Health Econ.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 23
IS 2
BP 419
EP 419
DI 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2003.09.001
PG 1
WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services
SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services
GA 806ZF
UT WOS:000220471100012
ER

PT J
AU Tauxe, RV
AF Tauxe, RV
TI Salad and pseudoappendicitis: Yersinia pseudotuberculosis as a foodborne
   pathogen
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ICEBERG LETTUCE; SHIGELLA-SONNEI; OUTBREAK;
   INFECTIONS; IDENTIFICATION; TOMATOES
C1 CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Tauxe, RV (reprint author), CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bldg 3,Rm B49,MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM rvt1@cdc.gov
NR 27
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 1
U2 5
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 189
IS 5
BP 761
EP 763
DI 10.1086/381806
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 800AI
UT WOS:000220000900001
PM 14976590
ER

PT J
AU LaMonte, AC
   Paul, ME
   Read, JS
   Frederick, MM
   Erdman, DD
   Han, LL
   Anderson, LJ
AF LaMonte, AC
   Paul, ME
   Read, JS
   Frederick, MM
   Erdman, DD
   Han, LL
   Anderson, LJ
CA Women Infants Transmission Study
TI Persistent parvovirus b19 infection without the development of chronic
   anemia in HIV-infected and -uninfected children: The women and infants
   transmission study
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 42nd Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
CY SEP 26-30, 2002
CL SAN DIEGO, CA
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIBODIES; DNA
AB We evaluated the prevalence of persistent parvovirus B19 (B19) infection and associated anemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected children. B19 persistence was defined as B19 DNA detected in specimens collected 116 weeks apart. Of 182 children, 3 HIV-infected children and two HIV-uninfected children had evidence of persistent B19 infection. Of the 5 children, none had evidence of B19-associated anemia. Our data suggest that B19 infections can persist in children without the development of symptomatic anemia.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Clin Trials & Surveys, Baltimore, MD USA.
   NICHHD, Pediat Adolescent & Maternal AIDS Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
RP LaMonte, AC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MS-A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM ahl4@cdc.gov
FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00188, RR00645]; NIAID NIH HHS [U01 AI 34858, N01 AI
   85339, U01 AI 34842, 1 U01 AI 50274-01, U01 AI 34840, U01 AI 34856, U01
   AI 34841]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-8-2913]; PHS HHS [R0-1-IID-25714]
NR 17
TC 20
Z9 21
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 189
IS 5
BP 847
EP 851
DI 10.1086/381899
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 800AI
UT WOS:000220000900013
PM 14976602
ER

PT J
AU Martin, JL
   Singh, PK
   Shinnick, TS
   Ferguson, JS
AF Martin, JL
   Singh, PK
   Shinnick, TS
   Ferguson, JS
TI Lysozyme may contribute to airway defenses against Mycobacterium
   tuberculosis.
SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT Combined Annual Meeting of the
   Central-Society-for-Clinical-Research/Midwestern Section of the
   American-Federation-for-Medical-Research
CY APR   15, 2004
CL Chicago, IL
SP Cent Soc Clin Res, Amer Federat Med Res, Midwest Sect
C1 VA Med Ctr, Dept Med, Iowa City, IA USA.
   Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU B C DECKER INC
PI HAMILTON
PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7,
   CANADA
SN 1081-5589
J9 J INVEST MED
JI J. Invest. Med.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 52
IS 2
BP S348
EP S348
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental
SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine
GA 806EH
UT WOS:000220416700030
ER

PT J
AU Wolf, LE
   Lo, B
   Gostin, LO
AF Wolf, LE
   Lo, B
   Gostin, LO
TI Legal barriers to implementing recommendations for universal, routine
   prenatal HIV testing
SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PUBLIC-HEALTH LAW; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE;
   PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; WOMEN; ZIDOVUDINE;
   INFECTION; RISK; CARE
AB A 1999 Institute of Medicine (IOM)panel recommended that universal HIV testing become a routine component of prenatal care to reduce mother-to-child HIV transmission by enabling HIV-infected women to take advantage of antiretroviral prophylaxis. In this paper we first evaluate the IOM's recommendations and the reasons behind them. We make specific recommendations regarding information that must be disclosed prior to Prenatal HIV testing and legal protections that should be adopted. Our recommendations will help to ensure that wider prenatal HIV testing can be carried out without leaving women too vulnerable to psychosocial harms.
C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, Program Med Eth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
   Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Gen Internal Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
   Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA.
   CDC, Collaborating Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Wolf, LE (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, Program Med Eth, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA.
NR 38
TC 6
Z9 6
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS
PI BOSTON
PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA
SN 1073-1105
J9 J LAW MED ETHICS
JI J. Law Med. Ethics
PD SPR
PY 2004
VL 32
IS 1
BP 137
EP +
DI 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2004.tb00459.x
PG 12
WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal
SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal
   Medicine
GA 809SF
UT WOS:000220655700017
PM 15152437
ER

PT J
AU Sithiprasasna, R
   Jaichapor, B
   Chanaimongkol, S
   Khongtak, P
   Lealsirivattanakul, T
   Tiang-Trong, S
   Burkett, DA
   Perich, MJ
   Wirtz, RA
   Coleman, RE
AF Sithiprasasna, R
   Jaichapor, B
   Chanaimongkol, S
   Khongtak, P
   Lealsirivattanakul, T
   Tiang-Trong, S
   Burkett, DA
   Perich, MJ
   Wirtz, RA
   Coleman, RE
TI Evaluation of candidate traps as tools for conducting surveillance for
   Anopheles mosquitoes in a malaria-endemic area in western Thailand
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Anopheles; surveillance; malaria; Plasmodium; traps
ID LIGHT TRAPS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; PLASMODIUM-VIVAX; SOUTHEAST-ASIA;
   KANO-PLAIN; VECTOR; CULICIDAE; RESPONSES; TANZANIA; VILLAGE
AB The effectiveness of five mosquito traps at sampling anopheline mosquitoes was compared with landing/biting (L/B) collections in western Thailand. Traps evaluated included a CDC style light trap (CDC LT) with dry ice, the American Biophysics Corporation (ABC) standard light trap (ABC LT) with dry ice and octenol, the ABC counterflow geometry (CFG) trap with dry ice and octenol, the ABC mosquito magnet (MM) trap with octenol, and the Nicosia and Reinhardt Company Mosquito Attractor Device (N&R trap). Mosquito numbers captured in landing-biting collections were 5.2,7.0,7.3,31.1, and 168.8 times greater than those collected in the ABC LT, MM, CDC LT, CFG, and N&R traps, respectively, for Anopheles minimus Theobald, the predominant malaria vector in the region. Similar results were obtained for the secondary malaria vectors Anopheles maculatus Theobald and Anopheles sawadwongporni Rattanarithikul & Green. Only Anopheles kochi Doenitz was collected in significantly, greater numbers in the CDC LT, ABC LT, and MM traps compared with L/B collections. Although none of the traps were as effective as L/B collections, the ABC LT, MM, and CDC LT were the best alternatives to human bait for the collection of anopheline malaria vectors in Thailand.
C1 USA, Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand.
   USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Risk Analysis, Okinawa, Japan.
   Louisiana State Univ, Dept Entomol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Burkett, DA (reprint author), USA, Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand.
EM coleman@amedd.army.mil
NR 41
TC 12
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 3
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-2585
J9 J MED ENTOMOL
JI J. Med. Entomol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 41
IS 2
BP 151
EP 157
DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.2.151
PG 7
WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 802TJ
UT WOS:000220185500002
PM 15061272
ER

PT J
AU Sattabongkot, J
   Kiattibut, C
   Kumpitak, C
   Ponlawat, A
   Ryan, JR
   Chan, AST
   Dave, K
   Wirtz, RA
   Coleman, RE
AF Sattabongkot, J
   Kiattibut, C
   Kumpitak, C
   Ponlawat, A
   Ryan, JR
   Chan, AST
   Dave, K
   Wirtz, RA
   Coleman, RE
TI Evaluation of the VecTest Malaria Antigen Panel assay for the detection
   of Plasmodium falciparum and P-vivax circumsporozoite protein in
   anopheline mosquitoes in Thailand
SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Anopheles; Plasmodium falciparum; P. vivax; circumsporozoite protein;
   rapid detection
ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SPOROZOITES
AB We evaluated the performance of the VecTest Malaria Antigen Panel (V-MAP) assay for the detection of Plasmodium falciparum and P vivax (variants 210 and 247) circumsporozoite protein in anopheline mosquitoes in Thailand. The V-MAP assay is a rapid, one-step procedure using a 'dipstick' wicking test strip. The circmusporozoite (CS) ELISA was use(] as the reference standard. Mosquitoes evaluated in the Study included held-collected specimens (n = 9:30) and laboratory-reared specimens that had been fed on blood collected from patients with and without Plasmodium gametocytes (n = 4,110) Or Oil Cultured P. falciparum gametocytes (n = 262). Field-collected mosquitoes were triturated individually or in pools of 2-5 and tested using 613 V-MAP assays. Laboratory-reared specimens were tested individually using 4,372 V-MAP assays. Assay performance depended on the species of Plasmodium and the number of sporozoites used as the cut-off. For P. falciparum, optimal performance was achieved using a cut-off of 150 sporozoites (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 99.2%, and accuracy = 0.99). For P. virax variant 210, optimal performance was also achieved using a cut-off of 150 sporozoites (sensitivity = 94.8%, specificity = 94.5%, and accuracy = 0.95). We were unable to develop a standard-curve for the CS-ELISA using P. vivax variant 247 because of it lack of sporozoites; however, using a cut-off of 30 pg P. vivax 247 antigen (mosquitoes with less than this amount of antigen were considered negative), assay performance (sensitivity 94.3%, specificity 99.2%, mid accuracy = 0.99) was comparable to that achieved for P. falciparum and P. vivax 210. These results clearly demonstrate that the V-MAP assay performs at an acceptable level and offers practical advantages for field workers needing to make rapid surveys of malaria vectors.
C1 USA, Army Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand.
   Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Sattabongkot, J (reprint author), USA, Army Med Component, Dept Entomol, Armed forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok, Thailand.
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 9
U1 0
U2 2
PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER
PI LANHAM
PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA
SN 0022-2585
J9 J MED ENTOMOL
JI J. Med. Entomol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 41
IS 2
BP 209
EP 214
DI 10.1603/0022-2585-41.2.209
PG 6
WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 802TJ
UT WOS:000220185500010
PM 15061280
ER

PT J
AU Golla, V
   Heitbrink, W
AF Golla, V
   Heitbrink, W
TI Control technology for crystalline silica exposures in construction: Wet
   abrasive blasting
SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID SANDBLASTERS
AB This study was designed to document the effect that wet abrasive blasting has on reducing worker exposure to crystalline silica, which has been associated with silicosis and premature death. In this study, worker exposure to respirable crystalline silica was monitored during wet abrasive blasting on the exterior walls of a parking garage to remove surface concrete and expose the underlying aggregate. In this process a wet sand mix comprised of 80% dry sand and 20% water was used. Sampling and analysis revealed that the geometric mean respirable quartz concentration was 0.2 mg/m(3) for workers conducting abrasive blasting and 0.06 mg/m(3) for helpers. When abrasive blasting was conducted in areas that apparently had reduced natural ventilation, dust exposures appeared to increase. When compared with other published data, this case study suggests that wet abrasive blasting causes less exposure to crystalline silica than dry abrasive blasting.
C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
   NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP Golla, V (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Occupat & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA.
NR 14
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 4
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1545-9624
J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON HYG
JI J. Occup. Environ. Hyg.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 1
IS 3
BP D26
EP D32
DI 10.1080/15459620490279665
PG 7
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 816GS
UT WOS:000221099000002
PM 15204868
ER

PT J
AU Letson, GW
   Shapiro, CN
   Kuehn, D
   Gardea, C
   Welty, TK
   Krause, DS
   Lambert, SB
   Margolis, HS
AF Letson, GW
   Shapiro, CN
   Kuehn, D
   Gardea, C
   Welty, TK
   Krause, DS
   Lambert, SB
   Margolis, HS
TI Effect of maternal antibody on immunogenicity of hepatitis A vaccine in
   infants
SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
ID PASSIVE-IMMUNIZATION; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; SAFETY; AGE;
   TRANSMISSION; EFFICACY; PROGRAM; ALASKA; TERM
AB Objective To determine the effect of maternal antibody on hepatitis A vaccine immunogenicity in infants.
   Study design Infants of mothers negative for antibody to hepatitis A virus (anti-HAV; group 1) were administered hepatitis A vaccine at 2. 4. and 6 months of age, and infants of anti-HAV-positive mothers were randomized to receive either hepatitis A vaccine (group 2) or hepatitis B vaccine (group 3) on the same schedule. Group 3 infants subsequently received hepatitis A vaccine at 8 and 10 months of-age.
   Results At 15 months of age, 100% of infants in group 1, 93% in group 2, and 92% in group 3 had protective levels of antibody. However, there were significant differences in the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of anti-HAV between groups. Group 1 GMC was 231 mIU/mL, compared with 85 mIU/mL for group 2 and 84 mIUhnL for group 3 (P <.001, group 1 vs group 3).
   Conclusions Passively acquired maternal anti-HAV resulted in a significantly lower final antibody response when infants were administered hepatitis A vaccine at 2, 4, and 6 months of age or at 8 and 10 months of age.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Aberdeen Area Indian Hlth Serv, Off Epidemiol, Rapid City, SD USA.
   GlaxoSmithKline Biol, Collegeville, PA USA.
   Vicuron Pharmaceut, King Of Prussia, PA USA.
RP Letson, GW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM bill.letson@state.co.us
NR 30
TC 34
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 1
PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0022-3476
EI 1097-6833
J9 J PEDIATR-US
JI J. Pediatr.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 144
IS 3
BP 327
EP 332
DI 10.1016/j.jpeds.2003.11.030
PG 6
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 802HY
UT WOS:000220155800008
PM 15001936
ER

PT J
AU Scallan, E
   Staines, A
   Fitzpatrick, P
   Laffoy, M
   Kelly, A
AF Scallan, E
   Staines, A
   Fitzpatrick, P
   Laffoy, M
   Kelly, A
TI Unintentional injury in Ireland: a comparison of mortality and morbidity
   data
SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE mortality; morbidity; unintentional; hospital admissions
AB Background The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between mortality and hospital admission data for the leading causes of unintentional injury in Ireland.
   Methods Mortality data were obtained from the Central Statistics Office for the years 1980 - 1996. Information on hospital admissions was obtained from the Hospital In-Patient Enquiry system for the years 1993 - 1997.
   Results Motor vehicle traffic accidents were the leading cause of unintentional injury death. Falls were the most common cause of unintentional injury hospital admission. Drowning and suffocation had high ratios of deaths to admissions, 2: 1 and 1: 3, respectively. The ratio of deaths to admissions was 1: 39 for all unintentional injuries.
   Conclusions Neither mortality data nor admissions data alone give an adequate guide to the impact of injuries, but together the two provide a reasonable basis on which to establish policy.
C1 Univ Coll Dublin, Dept Publ Hlth Med & Epidemiol, Dublin 1, Ireland.
   Dr Steevens Hosp, Eastern Reg Hlth Author, Dept Publ Hlth, Dublin 8, Ireland.
   Adelaide & Meath Hosp, Natl Childrens Hosp, Triniti Coll Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Community Hlth & Gen Practice, Dublin 24, Ireland.
RP Scallan, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, FoodNet Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1 W Sq Court, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM escallan@cdc.gov
OI Fitzpatrick, Patricia/0000-0003-2524-3677; Staines,
   Anthony/0000-0001-9161-1357
NR 8
TC 10
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 1741-3842
J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI J. Public Health
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 26
IS 1
BP 6
EP 7
DI 10.1093/pubmed/fdh107
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 829IC
UT WOS:000222040100003
PM 15044565
ER

PT J
AU Coughlin, SS
   Thompson, TD
AF Coughlin, SS
   Thompson, TD
TI Colorectal cancer screening practices among men and women in rural and
   nonrural areas of the United States, 1999
SO JOURNAL OF RURAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID SERVICES; BREAST; AUDIT; FARM
AB Background: Previous studies have suggested that men and women in rural areas are less likely than those in urban areas to receive routine cancer screening. Methods: We examined the colorectal cancer screening practices of men (n = 23,565) and women (n 37,847) aged >= 50 years living in rural areas and other areas of the United States using data from the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Geographic areas of residence were classified as rural areas and small towns, suburban areas and small metropolitan areas, and larger metropolitan areas using US Department of Agriculture (USDA) urban/rural continuum codes. Results: The estimated median response rate across states was 55.2%. Approximately 16.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.3% to 17.2%) of persons aged >= 50 years who resided in rural areas had received a fecal occult blood test in the past year, compared with 22.0% of those living in the larger metropolitan areas (95% CI = 21.4% to 22.7%). About 28.2% (95% CI = 27.1 % to 29.4%) of those who resided in rural areas had received a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy in the past 5 years, compared with 35.2% of those in the larger metropolitan areas (95 % CI 34.5% to 36.0%). Conclusions: These results underscore the need for continued efforts to increase colorectal cancer screening in the United States. Special efforts may be required to increase screening in rural areas.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Appl Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM sic9@cdc.gov
NR 19
TC 72
Z9 72
U1 0
U2 1
PU NATL RURAL HEALTH ASSOC
PI KANSAS CITY
PA ONE WEST ARMOUR BLVD, STE 301, KANSAS CITY, MO 64111 USA
SN 0890-765X
J9 J RURAL HEALTH
JI J. Rural Health
PD SPR
PY 2004
VL 20
IS 2
BP 118
EP 124
DI 10.1111/j.1748-0361.2004.tb00017.x
PG 7
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public,
   Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 966JK
UT WOS:000232015800003
PM 15085624
ER

PT J
AU Butte, N
   Cobb, K
   Dwyer, J
   Graney, L
   Heird, W
   Rickard, K
AF Butte, N
   Cobb, K
   Dwyer, J
   Graney, L
   Heird, W
   Rickard, K
TI The start healthy feeding guidelines for infants and toddlers
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Article
ID FOOD; DEFICIENCY; CEREAL; RISK; MILK
C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
   Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Old Saybrook, CT USA.
   Tufts Univ, Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
RP Rickard, K (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Sch Hlth & Rehabil Sci, Ball Hall 112,1226 W Michigan St, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA.
EM krickard@iupui.edu
OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769
NR 32
TC 52
Z9 59
U1 0
U2 9
PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA
SN 0002-8223
J9 J AM DIET ASSOC
JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 104
IS 3
BP 442
EP 454
DI 10.1016/j.jada.2004.01.027
PG 13
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 801DB
UT WOS:000220075500020
PM 14993870
ER

PT J
AU Mandl, KD
   Overhage, JM
   Wagner, MM
   Lober, WB
   Sebastiani, P
   Mostashari, F
   Pavlin, JA
   Gesteland, PH
   Treadwell, T
   Koski, E
   Hutwagner, L
   Buckeridge, DL
   Aller, RD
   Grannis, S
AF Mandl, KD
   Overhage, JM
   Wagner, MM
   Lober, WB
   Sebastiani, P
   Mostashari, F
   Pavlin, JA
   Gesteland, PH
   Treadwell, T
   Koski, E
   Hutwagner, L
   Buckeridge, DL
   Aller, RD
   Grannis, S
TI Implementing syndromic surveillance: A practical guide informed by the
   early experience
SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Review
ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS;
   BIOTERRORISM; DISEASE; SYSTEM; EMERGENCY; OUTBREAKS; ACCURACY; ANTHRAX
AB Syndromic surveillance refers to methods relying on detection of individual and population health indicators that are discernible before confirmed diagnoses are made. In particular, prior to the laboratory confirmation of an infectious disease, ill persons may exhibit behavioral patterns, symptoms, signs, or laboratory findings that can be tracked through a variety of data sources. Syndromic surveillance systems are being developed locally, regionally, and nationally. The efforts have been largely directed at facilitating the early detection of a covert bioterrorist attack, but the technology may also be useful for general public health, clinical medicine, quality improvement, patient safety, and research. This report, authored by developers and methodologists involved in the design and deployment of the first wave of syndromic surveillance systems, is intended to serve as a guide for informaticians, public health managers, and practitioners who are currently planning deployment of such systems in their regions.
C1 Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Informat Program, Ctr Biopreparedness,Div Emergency Med,Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Reganstrief Inst, Indianapolis, IN USA.
   Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Biomed Informat, Real Time Outbreak & Dis Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA.
   Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Med Educ & Biomed Informat, Seattle, WA USA.
   Univ Massachusetts, Dept Math & Stat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA.
   New York City Dept Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY USA.
   Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA.
   Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   Intermt Hlth Care, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Palo Alto Vet Hlth Care Syst, Palo Alto, CA USA.
   Quest Diagnost Inc, Teterboro, NJ USA.
   Stanford Univ, Stanford Med Informat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.
   Los Angeles Cty Publ Hlth, Acute Communicable Dis Unit, Los Angeles, CA USA.
RP Mandl, KD (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Informat Program, Ctr Biopreparedness,Div Emergency Med,Sch Med, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM kenneth_mandl@harvard.edu
OI sebastiani, paola/0000-0001-6419-1545; Overhage,
   Joseph/0000-0003-0223-0195
FU NLM NIH HHS [N01-LM-9-3536, 01-T15/LM-7124, 2 T15 LM07117-06, GO8
   LM06625-01, R01LM07677-01, T15 LM/DE07059]; ODCDC CDC HHS
   [U90/CCU318753-01]; PHS HHS [290-00-0009, 290-00-0020]
NR 74
TC 162
Z9 170
U1 5
U2 26
PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA
SN 1067-5027
J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN
JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 11
IS 2
BP 141
EP 150
DI 10.1197/jamia.M1356
PG 10
WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science,
   Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science;
   Medical Informatics
SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical
   Informatics
GA 804IB
UT WOS:000220291300009
PM 14633933
ER

PT J
AU Zeidner, NS
   Carter, LG
   Monteneiri, JA
   Petersen, JM
   Schriefer, M
   Gage, KL
   Hall, G
   Chu, MC
AF Zeidner, NS
   Carter, LG
   Monteneiri, JA
   Petersen, JM
   Schriefer, M
   Gage, KL
   Hall, G
   Chu, MC
TI An outbreak of Francisella tularensis in captive prairie dogs: an
   immunohistochemical analysis
SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATION
LA English
DT Article
ID TULAREMIA EPIDEMIC; INFECTION; LIVER
AB An immunohistochemical assay was developed and tested for detection of Francisella tularensis lipopolysaccaride antigen in tissues of captive prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). Tissues from 59 cases of F. tularensis were examined by this technique, which was corroborated by direct fluorescent antibody assay and direct isolation of the organism. In infected prairie dogs, studies indicated multiple, severe, necroprurulent foci occurring in the liver, lung, spleen, terminal ileum, and mandibular lymph node. Immunohistochemical analysis of the same formalin-fixed tissues indicated the presence of F. tularensis antigen in neutrophils and macrophages of these lesions and occurring extracellularly in areas of necrosis. This report demonstrates that immunohistochemical analysis is a rapid procedure that can be used to determine the pathogenesis of F. tularensis in rodent populations.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lyme Dis Vector Sect, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
   Texas Vet Med Diagnost Labs, College Stn, TX 77841 USA.
RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lyme Dis Vector Sect, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
NR 19
TC 12
Z9 14
U1 0
U2 7
PU AMER ASSOC VETERINARY LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICIANS INC
PI TURLOCK
PA PO BOX 1522, TURLOCK, CA 95381 USA
SN 1040-6387
J9 J VET DIAGN INVEST
JI J. Vet. Diagn. Invest.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 16
IS 2
BP 150
EP 152
PG 3
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 873SY
UT WOS:000225302500010
PM 15053367
ER

PT J
AU Chen, MH
   Frolov, I
   Icenogle, J
   Frey, TK
AF Chen, MH
   Frolov, I
   Icenogle, J
   Frey, TK
TI Analysis of the 3 ' cis-acting elements of rubella virus by using
   replicons expressing a puromycin resistance gene
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID MESSENGER-RNA STABILITY; SINDBIS VIRUS; STRAND RNA; NONSTRUCTURAL
   PROTEINS; UNTRANSLATED REGION; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; VIRAL REPLICATION;
   CODING SEQUENCE; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; CAPSID PROTEIN
AB A rubella virus (RUB) replicon, RUBrep/PAC, was constructed and used to map the 3' cis-acting elements (3' CSE) of the RUB genome required for RUB replication. The RUBrep/PAC replicon had the structural protein open reading frame partially replaced by a puromycin acetyltransferase (PAC) gene. Cells transfected with RUBrep/PAC transcripts expressed the PAC gene from the subgenomic RNA, were rendered resistant to puromycin, and thus survived selection with this drug. The relative survival following puromycin selection of cells transfected with transcripts from RUBrep/PAC constructs with mutations in the 3' CSE varied. The 3' region necessary for optimal relative survival consisted of the 3' 305 nucleotides (nt), a region conserved in RUB defective-interfering RNAs, and thus this region constitutes the 3' CSE. Within the 3' CSE, deletions in the similar to245 nt that overlap the 3' end of the El gene resulted in reduced relative survivals, ranging from 20 to <1% of the parental replicon survival level while most mutations within the similar to60-nt 3' untranslated region (UTR) were lethal. None of the 3' CSE mutations affected in vitro translation of the nonstructural protein open reading frame (which is 5' proximal in the genome and encodes the enzymes involved in virus RNA replication). In cells transfected with replicons with 3' CSE mutations that survived antibiotic selection (i.e., those with mutations in the region of the 3' CSE that overlaps the El coding region), the amount of replicon-specific minus-strand RNA was uniform; however, the accumulation of both plus-strand RNA species, genomic and subgenomic, varied widely, indicating that this region of the RUB 3' CSE affects plus-strand RNA accumulation rather than minus-strand RNA synthesis.
C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
   Univ Texas, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Frey, TK (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, POB 4010, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA.
EM tfrey@gsu.edu
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI21789]
NR 35
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0022-538X
J9 J VIROL
JI J. Virol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 78
IS 5
BP 2553
EP 2561
DI 10.1128/JVI.78.5.2553.2561.2004
PG 9
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 775AV
UT WOS:000189019300041
PM 14963158
ER

PT J
AU Roehrig, JT
   Volpe, KE
   Squires, J
   Hunt, AR
   Davis, BS
   Chang, GJJ
AF Roehrig, JT
   Volpe, KE
   Squires, J
   Hunt, AR
   Davis, BS
   Chang, GJJ
TI Contribution of disulfide bridging to epitope expression of the dengue
   type 2 virus envelope glycoprotein
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; DOMAIN-III; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; PROTEIN;
   FLAVIVIRUS; PARTICLES; JAMAICA; PRM
AB The individual contributions of each of the six conserved disulfide (SS) bonds in the dengue 2 virus envelope (E) glycoprotein (strain 16681) to epitope expression was determined by measuring the reactivities of a panel of well-defined monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with LLC-MK2 cells that had been transiently transformed with plasmid vectors expressing E proteins that were mutant in their SS bonds. Three domain I (DI) epitopes (C1, C3, and C4) were affected by elimination of any SS bond and were essentially the only epitopes affected by elimination of the amino-proximal SS1 formed between Cys 3 and Cys 30. The remaining DI epitope (C2) was sensitive to only SS3-bond (Cys 74-Cys 105) and SS6-bond (Cys 302-Cys 333) elimination. Of the four DII epitopes examined, reactivities of three anti-epitope MAbs (A1, A2, and A5) were reduced by elimination of SS2 (Cys 61-Cys 121), SS3, SS4 (Cys 94-Cys 116), SS5 (Cys 185-Cys 285), or SS6. The other DII epitope examined (A3) was sensitive only to SS2- and SS3-bond elimination. The three DIII epitopes tested (112, B3, and 114) were most sensitive to elimination of SS6. The flavivirus group epitope (A1) was less sensitive to elimination of SS3 and SS6. This result may indicate that the region proximal to the E-protein fusion motif (amino acids 98 to 110) may have important linear components. If this observation can be confirmed, peptide mimics from this region of E protein might be able to interfere with flavivirus replication.
C1 CDCP, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
RP Roehrig, JT (reprint author), CDCP, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA.
EM jtr1@cdc.gov
OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479
NR 26
TC 14
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0022-538X
J9 J VIROL
JI J. Virol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 78
IS 5
BP 2648
EP 2652
DI 10.1128/JVI.78.5.2648-2652.2004
PG 5
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 775AV
UT WOS:000189019300057
PM 14963174
ER

PT J
AU Switzer, WM
   Bhullar, V
   Shanmugam, V
   Cong, ME
   Parekh, B
   Lerche, NW
   Yee, JAL
   Ely, JJ
   Boneva, R
   Chapman, LE
   Folks, TM
   Heneine, W
AF Switzer, WM
   Bhullar, V
   Shanmugam, V
   Cong, ME
   Parekh, B
   Lerche, NW
   Yee, JAL
   Ely, JJ
   Boneva, R
   Chapman, LE
   Folks, TM
   Heneine, W
TI Frequent simian foamy virus infection in persons occupationally exposed
   to nonhuman primates
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERSPECIES TRANSMISSION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; GENE FLOW;
   IDENTIFICATION; CHIMPANZEES; POPULATIONS; RETROVIRUS; EVOLUTION;
   MONKEYS; HEALTH
AB The recognition that AIDS originated as a zoonosis heightens public health concerns associated with human infection by simian retroviruses endemic in nonhuman primates (NHPs). These retroviruses include simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), simian T-cell lymphotropic virus (STLV), simian type D retrovirus (SRV), and simian foamy virus (SFV). Although occasional infection with SIV, SRV, or SFV in persons occupationally exposed to NHPs has been reported, the characteristics and significance of these zoonotic infections are not fully defined. Surveillance for simian retroviruses at three research centers and two zoos identified no SIV, SRV, or STLV infection in 187 participants. However, 10 of 187 persons (5.3%) tested positive for SFV antibodies by Western blot (WB) analysis. Eight of the 10 were males, and 3 of the 10 worked at zoos. SFV integrase gene (int) and gag sequences were PCR amplified from the peripheral blood lymphocytes available from 9 of the 10 persons. Phylogenetic analysis showed SFV infection originating from chimpanzees (n = 8) and baboons (n = 1). SFV seropositivity for periods of 8 to 26 years (median, 22 years) was documented for six workers for whom archived serum samples were available, demonstrating long-standing SFV infection. All 10 persons reported general good health, and secondary transmission of SFV was not observed in three wives available for WB and PCR testing. Additional phylogenetic analysis of int and gag sequences provided the first direct evidence identifying the source chimpanzees of the SFV infection in two workers. This study documents more frequent infection with SFV than with other simian retroviruses in persons working with NHPs and provides important information on the natural history and species origin of these infections. Our data highlight the importance of studies to better define the public health implications of zoonotic SFV infections.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB, Res Lab, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Calif Davis, Simian Retrovirus Lab, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Bioqual Inc, Dept Neurobiol & Behav, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
RP Switzer, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM bis3@cdc.gov
NR 38
TC 139
Z9 143
U1 0
U2 10
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0022-538X
J9 J VIROL
JI J. Virol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 78
IS 6
BP 2780
EP 2789
DI 10.1128/JVI.78.6.2780-2789.2004
PG 10
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 800QP
UT WOS:000220043100014
PM 14990698
ER

PT J
AU Oberste, MS
   Penaranda, S
   Pallansch, MA
AF Oberste, MS
   Penaranda, S
   Pallansch, MA
TI RNA recombination plays a major role in genomic change during
   circulation of coxsackie B viruses
SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID VACCINE-DERIVED POLIOVIRUS; HUMAN-ENTEROVIRUS-B; FREQUENT RECOMBINATION;
   ADENOVIRUS RECEPTOR; SEROTYPES; STRAINS; IDENTIFICATION; POLIOMYELITIS;
   SPECIFICITY; SEQUENCES
AB RNA recombination has been shown to occur during circulation of enteroviruses, but most studies have focused on poliovirus. To examine the role of recombination in the evolution of the coxsackie B viruses (CVB), we determined the partial sequences of four genomic intervals for multiple clinical isolates of each of the six CVB serotypes isolated from 1970 to 1996. The regions sequenced were the 5'-nontranslated region (5'-NTR) (350 nucleotides [nt]), capsid (VP4-VP2, 416 nt, and VP1, similar to320 nt), and polymerase (3D, 491 nt). Phylogenetic trees were constructed for each genome region, using the clinical isolate sequences and those of the prototype strains of all 65 enterovirus serotypes. The partial VP1 sequences of each CVB serotype were monophyletic with respect to serotype, as were the VP4-VP2 sequences, in agreement with previously published studies. In some cases, however, incongruent tree topologies suggested that intraserotypic recombination had occurred between the sequenced portions of VP2 and VP1. Outside the capsid region, however, isolates of the same serotype were not monophyletic, indicating that recombination had occurred between the 5'-NTR and capsid, the capsid and 3D, or both. Almost all clinical isolates were recombinant relative to the prototype strain of the same serotype. All of the recombination partners appear to be members of human enterovirus species B. These results suggest that recombination is a frequent event during enterovirus evolution but that there are genetic restrictions that may influence recombinational compatibility.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM soberste@cdc.gov
NR 31
TC 93
Z9 99
U1 0
U2 5
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0022-538X
J9 J VIROL
JI J. Virol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 78
IS 6
BP 2948
EP 2955
DI 10.1128/JVI.78.6.2948-2955.2004
PG 8
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 800QP
UT WOS:000220043100029
PM 14990713
ER

PT J
AU Sharpe, TT
   Alexander, M
   Hutcherson, J
   Floyd, RL
   Brimacombe, M
   Levine, R
   Mengel, M
   Stuber, M
AF Sharpe, TT
   Alexander, M
   Hutcherson, J
   Floyd, RL
   Brimacombe, M
   Levine, R
   Mengel, M
   Stuber, M
TI Physician and allied health professionals' training and fetal alcohol
   syndrome
SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; WOMEN
AB Maternal prenatal alcohol use is one of the leading preventable causes of birth defects and developmental disabilities. On the severe end of the spectrum of conditions related to drinking during pregnancy is fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Physicians and other health practitioners play a critical role in diagnosing FAS and in screening women of childbearing age for alcohol use during pregnancy. The Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Team at CDC's National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities awarded funds to four medical school partners (Meharry and Morehouse Medical Colleges, St. Louis University, the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, and the University of California at Los Angeles) to develop FAS regional training centers (RTCs). The RTCs are developing, implementing, evaluating, and disseminating educational curricula for medical and allied health students and practitioners that incorporate evidence-based diagnostic guidelines for FAS and other prenatal alcohol-related disorders.
C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team Reg Training, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Sharpe, TT (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevent Team Reg Training, Mail Stop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
OI Brimacombe, Michael/0000-0002-3276-9071
NR 19
TC 14
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 1
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA
SN 1540-9996
J9 J WOMENS HEALTH
JI J. Womens Health
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 13
IS 2
BP 133
EP 139
DI 10.1089/154099904322966100
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal
   Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies
GA 805PY
UT WOS:000220379400001
PM 15072726
ER

PT J
AU Peters, C
   Isaza, R
   Heard, DJ
   Davis, RD
   Moore, SM
   Briggs, DJ
AF Peters, C
   Isaza, R
   Heard, DJ
   Davis, RD
   Moore, SM
   Briggs, DJ
TI Vaccination of Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) with
   monovalent inactivated rabies vaccine
SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Egyptian fruit bat; Rousettus aegyptiacus; rabies; vaccination; rabies
   virus neutralizing antibodies
ID LYSSAVIRUS INFECTIONS; DOMESTIC FERRETS; SOUTH-AFRICA; ZOO BATS; VIRUS;
   ANTIBODIES; RACCOONS
AB Twenty-six captive, adult Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus) were tested for the presence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) using a rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test before and after vaccination. The bats were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: group A (n = 10) bats each received one 0.1-ml dose of monovalent inactivated rabies vaccine, group B (n = 10) bats each received two 0.1-ml doses of vaccine given 30 days apart, and group C (n = 6) bats remained unvaccinated. Plasma was collected from all bats before vaccination and on days 14, 30, 60, and 360. All bats were seronegative before vaccination, and all unvaccinated animals remained negative throughout the study. Rabies virus neutralization titers remained above 0.5 IU/ml from day 30 through day 360 for both vaccinated groups. Group B had significantly higher titers on day 60. This study demonstrated a measurable humoral immune response after vaccination with an inactivated rabies vaccine, with two doses producing a higher level of RVNA. This study confirms the feasibility of a rabies vaccination program for Egyptian fruit bats.
C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Alachua, FL 32615 USA.
   Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med & Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Isaza, R (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, POB 100126, Alachua, FL 32615 USA.
NR 41
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS
PI MEDIA
PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA
SN 1042-7260
J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED
JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 35
IS 1
BP 55
EP 59
DI 10.1638/03-027
PG 5
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 820YD
UT WOS:000221425000010
PM 15193074
ER

PT J
AU Helmick, KE
   Heard, DJ
   Richey, L
   Finnegan, M
   Ellis, GA
   Nguyen, A
   Tucker, L
   Weyant, RS
AF Helmick, KE
   Heard, DJ
   Richey, L
   Finnegan, M
   Ellis, GA
   Nguyen, A
   Tucker, L
   Weyant, RS
TI A pasteurella-like bacterium associated with pneumonia in captive
   megachiropterans
SO JOURNAL OF ZOO AND WILDLIFE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE Wahlberg's epauleted fruit bats; Epomophorus wahlbergi; Chiroptera;
   bacteria; pneumonia; Pasteurella-like organism
ID PTEROPUS SP.; BAT; LUNG; SHEEP; FLORA
AB A novel Pasteurella-like organism was recovered postmortem from lung tissue of two captive Wahlberg's epauleted fruit bats (Epomophorus wahlbergi), with severe, unilateral pneumonia. The bats had been recently shipped and died shortly after release from a 30-day quarantine. One presented with clinical signs of anorexia and lethargy before death; the other died without prior clinical symptoms. The same Pasteurella-like organism was recovered antemortem from subcutaneous abscesses in two captive little golden mantled flying foxes (Pteropus pumilus) housed with additional E. wahlbergi. The organism was also cultured on tracheal wash from one Malaysian flying fox (Pteropus vampyrus) and another E. wahlbergi, both demonstrating clinical signs of pneumonia. All recovered isolates appeared morphologically and biochemically similar to the initial isolates and were further characterized as either a Pasteurella or Actinobacillus organism on the basis of biochemical and cellular fatty acid profiles. Screening of the current collection using pharyngeal swabs isolated this organism from 12 of 15 E. wahlbergi, two of three P. vampyrus, one of 26 island flying foxes (Pteropus hypomelanus), and one of nine Rodrigues fruit bats (Pteropus rodricensis). The organism was not identified in pharyngeal culture from eight Indian flying foxes (Pteropus giganteus), nine Egyptian fruit bats (Rousettus aegypticus), or an additional 16 P. pumilus.
C1 Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Small Anim Clin Sci, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA.
   Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32601 USA.
   Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR 97221 USA.
   Natl Vet Serv Labs, Ames, IA 50010 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Bacteriol & Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Helmick, KE (reprint author), El Paso Zoo, 4001 E Paisano, El Paso, TX 79905 USA.
NR 21
TC 2
Z9 3
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC ZOO VETERINARIANS
PI MEDIA
PA 6 NORTH PENNELL ROAD, MEDIA, PA 19063 USA
SN 1042-7260
J9 J ZOO WILDLIFE MED
JI J. Zoo Wildl. Med.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 35
IS 1
BP 88
EP 93
DI 10.1638/01-083
PG 6
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 820YD
UT WOS:000221425000016
PM 15193080
ER

PT J
AU Wilson, TE
   Ickovics, JR
   Royce, R
   Fernandez, MI
   Lampe, M
   Koenig, LJ
AF Wilson, TE
   Ickovics, JR
   Royce, R
   Fernandez, MI
   Lampe, M
   Koenig, LJ
TI Prenatal care utilization and the implementation of prophylaxis to
   prevent perinatal HIV-1 transmission
SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE HIV transmission; adequacy of prenatal care; HIV prevention
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; UTILIZATION INDEX;
   WOMEN; INFECTION; ZIDOVUDINE; ADEQUACY; INFANT; ASSOCIATION; PREGNANCY
AB Objectives: To describe prenatal care utilization among women with HIV-1 in 4 US states, and to determine whether the adequacy of prenatal care utilization is associated with the implementation of prenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal HIV antiretroviral therapy (ARV). Methods: Three-hundred three women completed a prenatal interview. Prenatal, labor and delivery, and infant medical records were reviewed. Results: Thirty-nine percent of women did not receive adequate prenatal care; nearly one quarter of women did not begin care within the recommended timeframe, and approximately one-fifth of women received fewer than the recommended number of prenatal care visits from the time of entry into care until delivery. Those classified as less than adequate in terms of receipt of recommended visits were at increased risk for not receiving ARV during the prenatal care period and during labor and delivery, and were more likely to have had an infant subsequently diagnosed with HIV infection. Conclusion: Although women with HIV require adequate prenatal care for their own health as well as to improve perinatal outcomes, many are at risk for not receiving this care. Lower adherence to prenatal care appointments is an important risk factor for not receiving full HIV prophylactic regimens.
C1 Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA.
   Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA.
   Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
   Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33152 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Wilson, TE (reprint author), Suny Downstate Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Box 1240,450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA.
EM tracey.wilson@downstate.edu
RI Royce, Rachel/A-7964-2012
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU412294, U64/CCU412273, U64/CCU112274,
   U64/CCU212267]
NR 15
TC 14
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1092-7875
J9 MATERN CHILD HEALT J
JI Matern. Child Health J.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 8
IS 1
BP 13
EP 18
DI 10.1023/B:MACI.0000019844.00027.d2
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 892CG
UT WOS:000226626700003
PM 15125453
ER

PT J
AU Sappenfield, WM
   Handler, A
   Petrini, JR
AF Sappenfield, WM
   Handler, A
   Petrini, JR
TI 2003 National MCH Epidemiology Awards: Recognizing excellence
SO MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH JOURNAL
LA English
DT News Item
RP Sappenfield, WM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM BSappenfield@cdc.gov
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU PLENUM PUBLISHERS
PI NEW YORK
PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA
SN 1092-7875
J9 MATERN CHILD HEALT J
JI Matern. Child Health J.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 8
IS 1
BP 39
EP 42
DI 10.1023/B:MACI.0000019846.14106.eb
PG 4
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 892CG
UT WOS:000226626700007
PM 15125457
ER

PT J
AU Ribeiro, JMC
   Zeidner, NS
   Ledin, K
   Dolan, MC
   Mather, TN
AF Ribeiro, JMC
   Zeidner, NS
   Ledin, K
   Dolan, MC
   Mather, TN
TI How much pilocarpine contaminates pilocarpine-induced tick saliva?
SO MEDICAL AND VETERINARY ENTOMOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE Amblyomma americanum; Ixodes scapularis; haematophagy; pilocarpine;
   salivary glands; salivation; tick
ID MUSCARINIC AGONIST PILOCARPINE; LYME-DISEASE VECTOR; IXODES-SCAPULARIS;
   BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; HOST IMMUNITY; SECRETION; DAMMINI; EXPRESSION;
   ACTIVATION; RESISTANCE
AB Pilocarpine is often applied or injected into ticks to induce salivation, and the resulting saliva used to test for various pharmacological, biochemical and immunological activities. To measure the amount of pilocarpine in pilocarpine-induced tick saliva, an HPLC-MS/MS method, based on capillary strong cation exchange chromatography online with an ion trap mass spectrometer, was used to measure pilocarpine in the pg to ng range. Results indicate large concentrations of pilocarpine in Ixodes scapularis Say and Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus) (Acari: Ixodidae) saliva, ranging from 3 to 50 mM. Due to the known effects of pilocarpine on smooth muscle and immune cells, appropriate controls are proposed and discussed for proper interpretation of results using this saliva preparation.
C1 NIAID, Sect Vector Biol, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vectorborne Dis, Kingston, RI 02881 USA.
RP Ribeiro, JMC (reprint author), NIAID, Sect Vector Biol, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, 4 Ctr Dr,Room 4-126,MSC 0425, Bethesda, MD 20852 USA.
EM JRibeiro@NIH.gov
OI Ribeiro, Jose/0000-0002-9107-0818
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 37230]
NR 28
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 3
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 0269-283X
J9 MED VET ENTOMOL
JI Med. Vet. Entomol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 1
BP 20
EP 24
DI 10.1111/j.0269-283X.2003.0469.x
PG 5
WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences
GA 801HU
UT WOS:000220087800004
PM 15009442
ER

PT J
AU Thacker, SB
   Gilchrist, J
   Stroup, DF
   Kimsey, CD
AF Thacker, SB
   Gilchrist, J
   Stroup, DF
   Kimsey, CD
TI The impact of stretching on sports injury risk: A systematic review of
   the literature
SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE
LA English
DT Article
DE athletes; conditioning; meta-analysis; synthesis
ID HAMSTRING MUSCLE FLEXIBILITY; LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURIES; WARM-UP;
   MUSCULAR INJURY; ECCENTRIC EXERCISE; ATHLETIC INJURIES; OVERUSE
   INJURIES; STATIC STRETCH; SHIN SPLINTS; YOUNG-ADULTS
AB Purpose: We conducted a systematic review to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of stretching as a tool to prevent injuries in sports and to make recommendations for research and prevention. Methods: Without language limitations, we searched electronic data bases, including MEDLINE (1966-2002), Current Contents (1997-2002), Biomedical Collection (1993-1999), the Cochrane Library, and SPORTDiscus, and then identified citations from papers retrieved and contacted experts in the field. Meta-analysis was limited to randomized trials or cohort studies for interventions that included stretching. Studies were excluded that lacked controls, in which stretching could not be assessed independently, or where studies did not include subjects in sporting or fitness activities. All articles were screened initially by one author. Six of 361 identified articles compared stretching with other methods to prevent injury. Data were abstracted by one author and then reviewed independently by three others. Data quality was assessed independently by three authors using a previously standardized instrument, and reviewers met to reconcile substantive differences in interpretation. We calculated weighted pooled odds ratios based on an intention-to-treat analysis as well as subgroup analyses by quality score and study design. Results: Stretching was not significantly associated with a reduction in total injuries (OR = 0.93, CI 0.78-1.11) and similar findings were seen in the subgroup analyses. Conclusion: There is not sufficient evidence to endorse or discontinue routine stretching before or after exercise to prevent injury among competitive or recreational athletes. Further research, especially well-conducted randomized controlled trials, is urgently needed to determine the proper role of stretching in sports.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, MS C08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM sbt1@cdc.gov
NR 98
TC 202
Z9 214
U1 12
U2 78
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0195-9131
J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER
JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 36
IS 3
BP 371
EP 378
DI 10.1249/01.MSS.0000117134.83018.F7
PG 8
WC Sport Sciences
SC Sport Sciences
GA 801YS
UT WOS:000220131800004
PM 15076777
ER

PT J
AU Poelvoorde, P
   Vanhamme, L
   Van Den Abbeele, J
   Switzer, WM
   Pays, E
AF Poelvoorde, P
   Vanhamme, L
   Van Den Abbeele, J
   Switzer, WM
   Pays, E
TI Distribution of apolipoprotein L-I and trypanosome lytic activity among
   primate sera
SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE trypanosome lytic factor; normal human serum; sleeping sickness
ID L GENE-CLUSTER; IDENTIFICATION; RHODESIENSE; EXPRESSION; EVOLUTION;
   TISSUE
C1 Free Univ Brussels, Mol Parasitol Lab, IBMM, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
   Inst Trop Med, Dept Parasitol, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Pays, E (reprint author), Free Univ Brussels, Mol Parasitol Lab, IBMM, 12 Rue Professeurs Jeener & Brachet, B-6041 Gosselies, Belgium.
EM epays@ulb.ac.be
NR 12
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0166-6851
J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT
JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 134
IS 1
BP 155
EP 157
DI 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2003.11.006
PG 3
WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology
GA 773DE
UT WOS:000188881800017
PM 14747153
ER

PT J
AU McGowan, JE
   Tenover, FC
AF McGowan, JE
   Tenover, FC
TI Confronting bacterial resistance in healthcare settings: a crucial role
   for microbiologists
SO NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; QUALITY-ASSURANCE SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES
   HOSPITALS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; ANTIMICROBIAL
   RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ACINETOBACTER-BAUMANNII;
   PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT
C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP McGowan, JE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
EM jmcgowa@sph.emory.edu
RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011
NR 102
TC 27
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 8
PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND
SN 1740-1526
J9 NAT REV MICROBIOL
JI Nat. Rev. Microbiol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 2
IS 3
BP 251
EP 258
DI 10.1038/nrmicro845
PG 8
WC Microbiology
SC Microbiology
GA 806KC
UT WOS:000220431800016
PM 15083160
ER

PT J
AU Hitchcock, EM
   Dick, RB
   Krieg, EF
AF Hitchcock, EM
   Dick, RB
   Krieg, EF
TI Visual contrast sensitivity testing: A comparison of two FACT test types
SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE neurotoxicology; contrastv sensitivity; spatial vision; neurobehavioral;
   visual acuity
ID NEUROBEHAVIORAL DEFICITS; CHILDREN; VISION
AB Measures of visual contrast sensitivity (VCS), rather than traditional measures of visual acuity using high-contrast stimuli, have been presented as better appraisals of visual dysfunction resulting from chemical exposures. The present study sought to determine if differences exist between two available measures of contrast sensitivity that use similar stimuli, specifically, a hand-held chart and an Optec 1000 vision tester. Monocular contrast sensitivity measures using both tests were obtained from 45 individuals as part of a NIOSH neurobehavioral test-battery appraisal. Test-retest reliability was found to be high for both the hand-held system and the Optec 1000 test (r=.750 and .773, respectively). In comparison to the automated test, the hand-held version produced statistically significant higher contrast sensitivity scores for lower spatial frequencies (1.5 and 3.0 cycles per degree) and lower scores for a relatively higher spatial frequency (18.0 cycles per degree [cpd]). Consequently, this study documents a difference in spatial frequency scores obtained with the hand-held form and Optec 1000 form of contrast sensitivity test, and attributes these differences to design characteristics affecting viewing. It is concluded that caution should be taken when making absolute comparisons of contrast sensitivity test scores between neurobehavioral studies that have used different forms of VCS testing. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP Hitchcock, EM (reprint author), US Dept HHS, NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
EM EHitchcock@cdc.gov
NR 23
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0892-0362
J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL
JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 26
IS 2
BP 271
EP 277
DI 10.1016/j.ntt.2003.10.007
PG 7
WC Neurosciences; Toxicology
SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology
GA 806OY
UT WOS:000220444400010
PM 15019960
ER

PT J
AU Phillips, SM
   Bandini, LG
   Naumova, EN
   Cyr, H
   Colclough, S
   Dietz, WH
   Must, A
AF Phillips, SM
   Bandini, LG
   Naumova, EN
   Cyr, H
   Colclough, S
   Dietz, WH
   Must, A
TI Energy-dense snack food intake in adolescence: Longitudinal relationship
   to weight and fatness
SO OBESITY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
DE snack foods; soda; weight; television; body composition
ID SOFT DRINK CONSUMPTION; US CHILDREN; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; UNITED-STATES;
   FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; NONOBESE ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD OBESITY;
   BODY-COMPOSITION; NATIONAL-HEALTH; DIETARY-INTAKE
AB Objective: The longitudinal relationship between the consumption of energy-dense snack (EDS) foods and relative weight change during adolescence is uncertain. Using data from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Growth and Development Study, the current analysis was undertaken to examine the longitudinal relationship of EDS food intake with relative weight status and percentage body fat and to examine how EDS food consumption is related to television viewing.
   Research Methods and Procedures: One hundred ninety-six nonobese premenarcheal girls 8 to 12 years old were enrolled between 1990 and 1993 and followed until 4 years after menarche. At each annual follow-up visit, data were collected on percentage body fat (%BF), BMI z score, and dietary intake. Categories of EDS foods considered were baked goods, ice cream, chips, sugar-sweetened soda, and candy.
   Results: At study entry, girls had a mean +/- SD BMI z score of -0.27 +/- 0.89, consumed 2.3 +/- 1.7 servings of EDS foods per day, and consumed 15.7 +/- 8.1% of daily calories from EDS foods. Linear mixed effects modeling indicated no relationship between BMI z score or %BF and total EDS food consumption. Soda was the only EDS food that was significantly related to BMI z score over the 10-year study period, but it was not related to %BF. In addition, a significant, positive relationship was observed between EDS food consumption and television viewing.
   Discussion: In this cohort of initially nonobese girls, overall EDS food consumption does not seem to influence weight status or fatness change over the adolescent period.
C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Tufts Univ, Gerald J & Dorothy R Friedman Sch Nutr Sci & Poli, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Boston Univ, Dept Hlth Sci, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   MIT, Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA.
   Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Eunice Kennedy Shriver Ctr, Waltham, MA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Must, A (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, 136 Harrison Ave, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
EM aviva.must@tufts.edu
RI Naumova, Elena/C-5954-2011; 
OI Naumova, Elena/0000-0002-9562-4734
FU NCRR NIH HHS [M0I-RR-00088]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-HD50537, 5P30 DK46200]
NR 50
TC 192
Z9 194
U1 1
U2 34
PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY
PI SILVER SPRING
PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA
SN 1071-7323
J9 OBES RES
JI Obes. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 12
IS 3
BP 461
EP 472
DI 10.1038/oby.2004.52
PG 12
WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 808ET
UT WOS:000220553100006
PM 15044663
ER

PT J
AU Ferrara, A
   Kahn, HS
   Quesenberry, CP
   Riley, C
   Hedderson, MM
AF Ferrara, A
   Kahn, HS
   Quesenberry, CP
   Riley, C
   Hedderson, MM
TI An increase in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus: Northern
   California, 1991-2000
SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; INTRAUTERINE ENVIRONMENT; LIFE-STYLE;
   PREGNANCY; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; PREVENTION; ADULTS; WOMEN; US
AB OBJECTIVE: Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their offspring are at increased risk of developing diabetes. Although increases in diabetes prevalence have been reported in the United States, it is unknown whether this trend is also occurring for GDM. We examined trends in the yearly cumulative incidence of GDM between the years 1991 and 2000.
   METHODS: A cohort study of 267,051 pregnancies screened for GDM that occurred among members of the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, representing 86.8% of all eligible pregnancies, was undertaken.
   RESULTS: GDM was identified in 14,175 pregnancies according to the diagnostic plasma glucose thresholds of the American Diabetes Association (96.5%) or the World Health Organization (3.5%). An additional 2,743 pregnant women with GDM were identified by a hospital discharge diagnosis. The women screened in 2000 were slightly older (mean [standard deviation] age 28.8 [6.0] years) than were those screened in 1991 (28.2 [5.7] years) and more likely to be from minority ethnic groups (51.4% versus 37.3% identified as African American, Asian, Hispanic, and other). The age- and ethnicity-adjusted yearly cumulative incidence of GDM increased steadily from 5.1% in 1991 to 7.4% in 1997 and leveled off through 2000 (6.9%).
   DISCUSSION: The observed increase in yearly cumulative incidence of GDM was independent of changes in age and ethnicity of the study population. A true increase in GDM incidence might reflect or contribute to the increases in the prevalence of diabetes and obesity. Coordinated efforts are needed to alter this trend and to prevent chronic diabetes in GDM patients and their offspring. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
C1 Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Med Care Program, Oakland, CA 94612 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Ferrara, A (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Med Care Program, 2000 Broadway,3rd Floor, Oakland, CA 94612 USA.
EM axf@dor.kaiser.org
OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562; Ferrara, Assiamira/0000-0002-7505-4826
FU NIDDK NIH HHS [1R01 DK 54834]
NR 32
TC 219
Z9 222
U1 0
U2 6
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0029-7844
J9 OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Obstet. Gynecol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 103
IS 3
BP 526
EP 533
DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000113623.18286.20
PG 8
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 809OO
UT WOS:000220646200020
PM 14990417
ER

PT J
AU Benard, VB
   Eheman, CR
   Lawson, HW
   Blackman, DK
   Anderson, C
   Helsel, W
   Thames, SF
   Lee, NC
AF Benard, VB
   Eheman, CR
   Lawson, HW
   Blackman, DK
   Anderson, C
   Helsel, W
   Thames, SF
   Lee, NC
TI Cervical screening in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early
   Detection Program, 1995-2001
SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; AMERICAN WOMEN;
   NEOPLASIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MAMMOGRAPHY; MANAGEMENT; CYTOLOGY; RACE
AB OBJECTIVE: To describe results of cervical cytology screening among low-income and uninsured women in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program.
   METHODS: We analyzed data from 750,591 women who received their first Papanicolaou (Pap) test in the program between July 1995 and March 2001.
   RESULTS: Nearly 85% of the women were aged 40 years or older. Almost half were members of racial or ethnic minority groups. Overall, the percentage of abnormal Pap test results decreased with increasing age. The rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, (CIN) were highest in the younger age groups but the rate of invasive cancer increased with age. White women had the highest age-adjusted percentage of abnormal Pap test results and the highest rate of biopsy-confirmed CIN 2 or worse.
   CONCLUSIONS: In this nationwide screening program, only 7% of all biopsy-confirmed high-grade cervical lesions (CIN 2 or worse) were invasive cancer. This underscores the success of Pap screening in identifying preinvasive disease and preventing cancer. (C) 2004 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
C1 CDCP, NCCDPHP, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA.
RP Benard, VB (reprint author), CDCP, NCCDPHP, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Mailstop K55,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM vdb9@cdc.gov
NR 31
TC 35
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0029-7844
J9 OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Obstet. Gynecol.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 103
IS 3
BP 564
EP 571
DI 10.1097/01.AOG.0000115510.81613.f0
PG 8
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 809OO
UT WOS:000220646200025
PM 14990422
ER

PT J
AU Pinkerton, LE
   Hein, MJ
   Stayner, LT
AF Pinkerton, LE
   Hein, MJ
   Stayner, LT
TI Mortality among a cohort of garment workers exposed to formaldehyde: an
   update
SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SAFETY-AND-HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGIC EVIDENCE;
   RESPIRATORY-TRACT; CANCER; INDUSTRY; METAANALYSIS; INSTITUTE; EMBALMERS;
   INDUCTION
AB Aims: To evaluate the mortality experience of 11039 workers exposed to formaldehyde for three months or more in three garment plants. The mean time weighted average formaldehyde exposure at the plants in the early 1980s was 0.15 ppm but past exposures may have been substantially higher.
   Methods: Vital status was updated through 1998, and life table analyses were conducted.
   Results: Mortality from all causes (2206 deaths, standardised mortality ratio (SMR) 0.92, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.96) and all cancers (SMR 0.89, 95% CI 0.82 to 0.97) was less than expected based on US mortality rates. A non-significant increase in mortality from myeloid leukaemia (15 deaths, SMR 1.44, 95% CI 0.80 to 2.37) was observed. Mortality from myeloid leukaemia was greatest among workers first exposed in the earliest years when exposures were presumably higher, among workers with 10 or more years of exposure, and among workers with 20 or more years since first exposure. No nasal or nasopharyngeal cancers were observed. Mortality from trachea, bronchus, and lung cancer (147 deaths, SMR 0.98, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.15) was not increased. Multiple cause mortality from leukaemia was increased almost twofold among workers with both 10 or more years of exposure and 20 years or more since first exposure (15 deaths, SMR 1.92, 95% CI 1.08 to 3.17). Multiple cause mortality from myeloid leukaemia among this group of workers was also significantly increased (8 deaths, SMR 2.55, 95% CI 1.10 to 5.03).
   Conclusions: Results support a possible relation between formaldehyde exposure and myeloid leukaemia mortality. Previous epidemiological studies supporting a relation between formaldehyde exposure and leukaemia mortality have been primarily of formaldehyde exposed professional groups, not formaldehyde exposed industrial workers. Limitations include limited power to detect an excess for rare cancers such as nasal and nasopharyngeal cancers and lack of individual exposure estimates.
C1 NIOSH, Epidemiol Sect, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
   NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP Pinkerton, LE (reprint author), NIOSH, Epidemiol Sect, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
EM LPinkerton@cdc.gov
NR 26
TC 116
Z9 123
U1 2
U2 10
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 1351-0711
J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED
JI Occup. Environ. Med.
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 61
IS 3
BP 193
EP 200
DI 10.1136/oem.2003.007476
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 778AT
UT WOS:000189217500002
PM 14985513
ER

PT J
AU Sulaiman, IM
   Fayer, R
   Yang, CF
   Santin, M
   Matos, O
   Xiao, LH
AF Sulaiman, IM
   Fayer, R
   Yang, CF
   Santin, M
   Matos, O
   Xiao, LH
TI Molecular characterization of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in cattle
   indicates that only some isolates have zoonotic potential
SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
LA English
DT Article
ID INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; 1ST DETECTION; HIGH PREVALENCE; FECAL
   SAMPLES; SURFACE-WATER; DIARRHEA; PIGS; INFECTIONS; GENOTYPES; STRAINS
AB In this study, 338 fecal samples were analyzed for Enterocytozoon bieneusi from cattle farms in Florida, Maryland, Michigan, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Portugal. The internal transcribed spacer region (392 bp) of the rRNA gene of E. bieneusi was amplified using a nested PCR protocol. Thirty-two E. bieneusi-PCR positive samples were sequenced. A high degree of genetic polymorphism represented by five distinct genotypes (BEB1-BEB5) was found among the E. bieneusi isolates from cattle. Most of the isolates formed a distinct cluster consisting of only the four cattle genotypes, but six isolates of a genotype clustered together with E. bieneusi genotypes from humans and other domestic animals. Therefore only some E. bieneusi isolates from cattle may be of public health importance.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Environm Microbial Safety Lab, USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS, STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Nova Lisboa, Inst higiene & Med Trop, UPMM, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, P-1200 Lisbon, Portugal.
RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM lxiao@cdc.gov
RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012; Yang,
   Chunfu/G-6890-2013; 
OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; MATOS, OLGA/0000-0001-5793-7716
NR 26
TC 62
Z9 62
U1 1
U2 2
PU SPRINGER-VERLAG
PI NEW YORK
PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA
SN 0932-0113
J9 PARASITOL RES
JI Parasitol. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 92
IS 4
BP 328
EP 334
DI 10.1007/s00436-003-1049-5
PG 7
WC Parasitology
SC Parasitology
GA 807GV
UT WOS:000220490900009
PM 14727187
ER

PT J
AU Meissner, HC
   Rennels, MB
   Pickering, LK
   Hall, CB
AF Meissner, HC
   Rennels, MB
   Pickering, LK
   Hall, CB
TI Risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus disease, identification of
   high risk infants and recommendations for prophylaxis with palivizumab
SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
LA English
DT Letter
DE respiratory syncytial virus; palivizumab; high risk infants
ID REVISED INDICATIONS; PREVENTION; INFECTIONS; HOSPITALIZATIONS; CHILDREN
C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat & Med, Div Infect Dis, Rochester, NY USA.
RP Meissner, HC (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 12
TC 19
Z9 22
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0891-3668
J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J
JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 23
IS 3
BP 284
EP 285
DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000121203.33560.f9
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics
GA 804SH
UT WOS:000220317900030
PM 15014320
ER

PT J
AU Hertrampf, E
   Cortes, F
   Mellado, C
   Erickson, D
AF Hertrampf, E
   Cortes, F
   Mellado, C
   Erickson, D
TI Impact of folic acid fortification of wheat flour on the incidence of
   neural tube defects in Chile.
SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 41st Annual Meeting of the
   Latin-American-Society-for-Paediatric-Research (LASPR)
CY OCT, 2003
CL MARBELLA, CHILE
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Chile, Inst Nutr & Tecnol Alimentos, Santiago, Chile.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 2
PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC
PI BALTIMORE
PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA
SN 0031-3998
J9 PEDIATR RES
JI Pediatr. Res.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 55
IS 3
MA 1
BP 528
EP 528
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 776HR
UT WOS:000189111000029
ER

PT J
AU Tugwell, BD
   Lee, LE
   Gillette, H
   Lorber, EM
   Hedberg, K
   Cieslak, PR
AF Tugwell, BD
   Lee, LE
   Gillette, H
   Lorber, EM
   Hedberg, K
   Cieslak, PR
TI Chickenpox outbreak in a highly vaccinated school population
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE chickenpox; chickenpox vaccine; disease outbreaks; risk factors
ID LIVE VARICELLA VACCINE; HEALTHY-CHILDREN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY;
   CARE-CENTER; OKA STRAIN; POSTLICENSURE; EXPERIENCE; RESPONSES
AB Objective. We investigated a chickenpox outbreak that started in an Oregon elementary school in October 2001, after public schools began phasing in a varicella vaccination requirement for enrollment. We sought to determine the rate of varicella vaccination and effectiveness and risk factors for breakthrough disease.
   Methods. A chickenpox case was defined as an acute maculopapulovesicular rash without other explanation occurring from October 30, 2001 through January 27, 2002 in a student without a prior history of chickenpox. We reviewed varicella vaccination records and history of prior chickenpox, and we calculated vaccine effectiveness. We evaluated the effects of age, gender, age at vaccination, and time since vaccination on risk of breakthrough disease (ie, chickenpox occurring > 42 days after vaccination).
   Results. Of 422 students, 218 (52%) had no prior chickenpox. Of these, 211 (97%) had been vaccinated before the outbreak. Twenty-one cases occurred in 9 of 16 classrooms. In these 9 classrooms, 18 of 152 (12%) vaccinated students developed chickenpox, compared with 3 of 7 (43%) unvaccinated students. Vaccine effectiveness was 72% (95% confidence interval: 3% - 87%). Students vaccinated > 5 years before the outbreak were 6.7 times ( 95% confidence interval: 2.2 - 22.9) as likely to develop breakthrough disease as those vaccinated less than or equal to 5 years before the outbreak (15 of 65 [23%] vs 3 of 87 [3%]).
   Conclusions. A chickenpox outbreak occurred in a school in which 97% of students without a prior history of chickenpox were vaccinated. Students vaccinated > 5 years before the outbreak were at risk for breakthrough disease. Booster vaccination may deserve additional consideration.
C1 Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Cieslak, PR (reprint author), Oregon Dept Human Serv, Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, 800 NE Oregon St,Ste 772, Portland, OR 97232 USA.
EM paul.r.cieslak@state.or.us
NR 28
TC 83
Z9 95
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 113
IS 3
BP 455
EP 459
DI 10.1542/peds.113.3.455
PG 5
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 779ZT
UT WOS:000189344400004
PM 14993534
ER

PT J
AU O'Brien, MA
   Uyeki, TM
   Shay, DK
   Thompson, WW
   Kleinman, K
   McAdam, A
   Yu, XJ
   Platt, R
   Lieu, TA
AF O'Brien, MA
   Uyeki, TM
   Shay, DK
   Thompson, WW
   Kleinman, K
   McAdam, A
   Yu, XJ
   Platt, R
   Lieu, TA
TI Incidence of outpatient visits and hospitalizations related to influenza
   in infants and young children
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Article
DE influenza; children; epidemiology; hospitalization; outpatient visit
ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS; VIRUS-INFECTIONS; HEALTHY INFANTS; VACCINATION;
   ILLNESS; BURDEN; TIME; FAMILIES; IMPACT; AGE
AB Objective. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices currently encourages influenza vaccination for all children aged 6 to 23 months when feasible, based on studies that have demonstrated that young children have high hospitalization rates attributable to influenza. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recently voted to recommend influenza vaccination for all children beginning during the 2004-2005 influenza season; information on the rate of outpatient visits due to influenza is needed to better evaluate the potential health impact and cost-effectiveness of the recommendation. We estimated the incidence of outpatient visits as well as hospitalizations for specific acute respiratory illnesses and for influenza-associated outpatient-visit and hospitalization rates among healthy infants and children in a Massachusetts health maintenance organization.
   Design/Methods. Surveillance data were used to identify when influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses, and parainfluenza viruses were circulating in the greater Boston area during 1994-2000. Using computerized medical records, we identified outpatient visits and hospitalizations for selected respiratory illnesses. Outpatient-visit rates and hospitalizations attributed to influenza were calculated by subtracting the rate of visits during the periseasonal period from the rate of visits during the influenza period. Rates were stratified by age and risk for complications from influenza.
   Results. Between 1994 and 2000, there were 188139 outpatient visits and 885 hospitalizations for respiratory illnesses in the study population. Among healthy children aged 6 to 23 months, the rate per 100 person-months for outpatient visits during influenza periods was 14.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.9 to 15.1), and the excess rate that could be attributed to influenza compared with the periseasonal period was 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1 to 2.4). Among healthy children, the rate of hospitalizations for acute respiratory disease was 10.4 per 10000 person-months (95% CI: 6.0 to 17.0), and the rate that could be attributed to influenza when compared with the periseasonal baseline period was 3.9 (95% CI: -2.0 to 0.0). Among children who were at high risk for complications from influenza, the rate of outpatient visits per 100 person-months was 28.7 (95% CI: 26.6 to 30.9) during influenza periods. The rate of hospitalizations among high-risk children was 44.6 per 10 000 person-months (95% CI: 19.0 to 17.0).
   Conclusion. Influenza season is associated with a substantial increase in outpatient visits by healthy children. These estimates of outpatient visits for influenza will help quantify the potential health benefits and cost savings from influenza vaccination of healthy children aged 6 to 23 months.
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Child Hlth Care Studies, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Div Gen Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Dept Lab Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
RP O'Brien, MA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Fl, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM megan_obrien@hphc.org
OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820
NR 28
TC 170
Z9 178
U1 1
U2 5
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 113
IS 3
BP 585
EP 593
DI 10.1542/peds.113.3.585
PG 9
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 779ZT
UT WOS:000189344400024
PM 14993554
ER

PT J
AU Li, RW
   Grummer-Strawn, L
AF Li, RW
   Grummer-Strawn, L
TI The truth about the Ross Mothers Survey - Reply
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Li, RW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
NR 3
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 113
IS 3
BP 627
EP 627
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 779ZT
UT WOS:000189344400038
ER

PT J
AU Beatty, ME
   Griffin, PM
   Tulu, AN
   Olsen, SJ
AF Beatty, ME
   Griffin, PM
   Tulu, AN
   Olsen, SJ
TI Culturing practices and antibiotic use in children with diarrhea
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Letter
ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; INFECTIONS
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Program, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Dallas Cty Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Dallas, TX 75207 USA.
RP Beatty, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Program, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 10
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 113
IS 3
BP 628
EP 629
DI 10.1542/peds.113.3.628
PG 3
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 779ZT
UT WOS:000189344400041
PM 14993566
ER

PT J
AU Meissner, HC
   Rennels, MB
   Long, SS
   Pickering, LK
AF Meissner, HC
   Rennels, MB
   Long, SS
   Pickering, LK
CA Amer Acad Pediatr Comm Infect Dis
TI Immunoprophylaxis with RespiGam
SO PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Letter
ID PALIVIZUMAB; DISEASE
C1 Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
   Univ Maryland, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
   St Christophers Hosp Children, Infect Dis Sect, Philadelphia, PA 19134 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Meissner, HC (reprint author), Tufts New England Med Ctr, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02111 USA.
NR 5
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS
PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE
PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA
SN 0031-4005
J9 PEDIATRICS
JI Pediatrics
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 113
IS 3
BP 629
EP 629
DI 10.1542/peds.113.3.629-a
PG 1
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 779ZT
UT WOS:000189344400042
PM 14993568
ER

PT J
AU Rutten, LJF
   Nelson, DE
   Meissner, HI
AF Rutten, LJF
   Nelson, DE
   Meissner, HI
TI Examination of population-wide trends in barriers to cancer screening
   from a diffusion of innovation perspective (1987-2000)
SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE mammography; mammography screening; pap screening; colorectal screening
ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER;
   CERVICAL-CANCER; UNITED-STATES; MAMMOGRAPHY; WOMEN; SIGMOIDOSCOPY;
   MORTALITY; PROGRESS
AB Background. Barriers to cancer screening may change over time as screening becomes more widespread.
   Methods. Using 1987, 1992, and 2000 National Health Interview Survey data, we examined population-wide trends in barriers to Pap, mammography, and colorectal screening (n =66,452).
   Results. Lack of awareness was the most common barrier for all screening tests; it decreased by 13.5 percentage points for mammography and by 4.6 percentage points for colorectal screening, but increased by 3.0 percentage points for Pap test from 1987 to 2000. Decreases in not recommended by a doctor were observed for mammography (from 20.5% to 3.7%) and colorectal screening (from 22.3% to 14.2%). Examination of trends in barriers among sociodemographic and health care access subgroups revealed disparities for each screening test.
   Conclusions. Although population-wide progress has been made in reducing barriers to screening, lack of awareness, and not recommended by a doctor remain important barriers, especially among traditionally underserved populations. (C) 2003 The Institute For Cancer Prevention and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 NCI, Canc Prevent Fellowship Program, Div Canc Prevent, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   NCI, Hlth Commun & Informat Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   NCI, Appl Canc Screening Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
RP Rutten, LJF (reprint author), NCI, Canc Prevent Fellowship Program, Div Canc Prevent, 6130 Execut Blvd,4051A MSC 7365, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM finneyl@mail.nih.gov
NR 44
TC 56
Z9 56
U1 1
U2 4
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0091-7435
J9 PREV MED
JI Prev. Med.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 3
BP 258
EP 268
DI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.10.011
PG 11
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA 773JV
UT WOS:000188921400002
ER

PT J
AU Zhou, ZY
   Schnake, P
   Xiao, LH
   Lal, AA
AF Zhou, ZY
   Schnake, P
   Xiao, LH
   Lal, AA
TI Enhanced expression of a recombinant malaria candidate vaccine in
   Escherichia coli by codon optimization
SO PROTEIN EXPRESSION AND PURIFICATION
LA English
DT Article
DE Plasmodium falciparum; recombinant protein; codon optimization;
   Escherichia coli
ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HETEROLOGOUS PROTEIN EXPRESSION;
   HIGH-LEVEL EXPRESSION; GENE-EXPRESSION; DIHYDROFOLATE-REDUCTASE;
   GROWTH-INHIBITION; TRANSFER-RNA; RARE CODONS; USAGE; OVEREXPRESSION
AB This study was conducted to compare the expression of three constructs of a multistage candidate vaccine (FALVAC-1) against Plasmodium falciparum in an Escherichia coli system: a synthetic gene with P. falciparum codons. a synthetic gene with optimized E coli codons, and a synthetic gene with P. falciparum codons co-transformed with a RIG plasmid, which encodes three tRNAs (AG(A/G). ATA. GGA) that recognize rare E. coli codons. The expression of the protein increased at least threefold with codon optimization. The presence of the RIG plasmid in the co-transforming cells did not significantly increase the expression level of the gene with P. falciparum codons. The growth of cells transformed by the construct with P. falciparum codons was significantly slower than that of cells transformed by the construct with optimized E coli codons after induction of protein expression with IPTG. The cells containing the non-codon optimized gene co-expressed with RIG plasmid had the slowest growth at all time points in culture. Thus, codon optimization significantly increases the yield of P. falciparum candidate vaccines in the Each expression system. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA.
RP Zhou, ZY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA.
EM zaz6@cdc.gov; lax0@cdc.gov
RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013
OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727
NR 44
TC 54
Z9 61
U1 0
U2 6
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 1046-5928
J9 PROTEIN EXPRES PURIF
JI Protein Expr. Purif.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 34
IS 1
BP 87
EP 94
DI 10.1016/j.pep.2003.11.006
PG 8
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
GA 777ZL
UT WOS:000189214300009
PM 14766303
ER

PT J
AU Zhao, Z
   Mokdad, AH
   Barker, L
AF Zhao, Z
   Mokdad, AH
   Barker, L
TI Impact of health insurance status on vaccination coverage in children
   19-35 months old, United States, 1993-1996
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
AB Objectives. To show how health insurance (privately and publicly insured, insured and uninsured) relates to vaccination coverage in children 19-35 months old, and how this can be used to better target public health interventions.
   Methods. The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) gathers information on the health and health care of the U.S. non-institutionalized population through household interviews. The authors combined immunization and health insurance supplements from the 1993 through 1996 NHIS, and classified children 19-35 months old by their immunization and insurance status. Results were compared using both bivariate and multivariate analyses, and the backwards stepwise selection method was used to build multivariate logistic regression models.
   Results. Uninsured children tended to have lower vaccination coverage than those who had insurance, either private or public. Among those with insurance, publicly insured children had lower vaccination coverage than privately insured children. Backwards stepwise regression retained insurance status, metropolitan statistical area, and education of responsible adult family member as major predictors of immunization. Factors considered but not retained in the final model included child race/ethnicity, family poverty index, and region of country.
   Conclusions. Insurance status was a critical predictor of vaccination coverage for children ages 19-35 months. After controlling for confounders, the uninsured were about 24% less likely to receive all recommended shots than the insured and, among the insured, those with public insurance were about 24% less likely to receive all recommended vaccines than those with private insurance.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Zhao, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM zaz0@cdc.gov
NR 14
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 119
IS 2
BP 156
EP 162
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 888GZ
UT WOS:000226363500009
PM 15192902
ER

PT J
AU Fogarty, KJ
   Massoudi, MS
   Gallo, W
   Averhoff, FM
   Yusuf, H
   Fishbein, D
AF Fogarty, KJ
   Massoudi, MS
   Gallo, W
   Averhoff, FM
   Yusuf, H
   Fishbein, D
TI Vaccine coverage levels after implementation of a middle school
   vaccination requirement, Florida, 1997-2000
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID IMMUNIZATION
AB Objective. Little information is available about the effectiveness of school entry vaccination requirements at the middle school level. This study examined coverage levels among students entering seventh grade in Florida following implementation of a school entry vaccination requirement in 1997.
   Methods. The authors analyzed county-specific vaccination coverage levels (three doses of hepatitis B vaccine, a second dose of measles, mumps, and rubella [MMR] vaccine, and a booster dose of tetanus and diphtheria toxoids [Td]) among students entering public and private schools in Florida from 1997 through 2000. In 1998, a survey of all county health departments was conducted, and the resulting data were linked to county-specific vaccination rates.
   Results. During the 1997-1998 school year, the first year the requirement went into effect, at school entry 121,219 seventh-grade students (61.8%) were fully vaccinated, 72,275 seventh grade students (36.9%) lacked one or more doses of vaccine but were considered in process, 1,817 were non-compliant (0.9%), and 763 had medical or religious exemptions (0.4%). In the 2000-2001 school year, the proportions of students reported fully vaccinated at school entry had increased to 66%. Most of this change was related to an increase in hepatitis B coverage. There was a significant inverse relationship between the proportion of students fully vaccinated and the size of the county's seventh grade population.
   Conclusions. The seventh grade vaccination entry requirement was associated with sustained high levels of vaccination coverage. Passing a school entry vaccination requirement appears may be sufficient to increase coverage, but other strategies may be required to achieve full immunization of middle school students.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Western Michigan Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Program Inerdisciplinary Hlth Studies, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA.
RP Fishbein, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM dbf1@cdc.gov
NR 11
TC 30
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 2
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 119
IS 2
BP 163
EP 169
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 888GZ
UT WOS:000226363500010
PM 15192903
ER

PT J
AU McDavid, K
   Lee, J
   Fulton, JP
   Tonita, J
   Thompson, TD
AF McDavid, K
   Lee, J
   Fulton, JP
   Tonita, J
   Thompson, TD
TI Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates and trends in the United
   States and Canada
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
ID INTERPRETING TRENDS; SURVEILLANCE SERIES; SURVIVAL RATES; EPIDEMIOLOGY;
   POPULATION; CARCINOMA; PATTERNS
AB Objective. The purpose of this study was to compare prostate cancer incidence and mortality trends between the United States and Canada over a period of approximately 30 years.
   Methods. Prostate cancer incident cases were chosen from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program to estimate rates for the United States white males and from the Canadian Cancer Registry for Canadian men. National vital statistics data were used for prostate cancer mortality rates for both countries, and age-adjusted and age-specific incidence and mortality rates were calculated. Joinpoint analysis was used to identify significant changes in trends over time.
   Results. Canada and the U.S. experienced 3.0% and 2.5% growth in age-adjusted incidence from 1969-90 and 1973-85, respectively. U.S. rates accelerated in the mid- to late 1980s. Similar patterns occurred in Canada with a one-year lag. Annual age-adjusted mortality rates in Canada were increasing 1.4% per year from 1977-93 then fell 2.7% per year from 1993-99. In the U.S., annual age-adjusted mortality rates for white males increased 0.7% from 1969-1987 and 3.0% from 1987-91, then decreased 1.2% and 4.5% during the 1991-94 and 1994-99 periods, respectively.
   Conclusions. Recent incidence patterns observed between the U.S. and Canada suggest a strong relationship to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test use. Clinical trials are required to determine any effects of PSA test use on prostate cancer and overall mortality.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, NCHSTP,DHAP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Canadian Inst Hlth Informat, Toronto, ON, Canada.
   Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA.
   Saskatchewan Canc Agcy, Regina, SK, Canada.
RP McDavid, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, NCHSTP,DHAP, Mailstop E47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM kzm2@cdc.gov
NR 28
TC 74
Z9 76
U1 1
U2 7
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 119
IS 2
BP 174
EP 186
PG 13
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 888GZ
UT WOS:000226363500012
PM 15192905
ER

PT J
AU Heck, KE
   Parker, JD
   McKendry, CJ
AF Heck, KE
   Parker, JD
   McKendry, CJ
TI Multiple-race mortality data for California, 2000-2001
SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS
LA English
DT Article
AB Objectives. To examine mortality rates and quality of race reporting for multiple-race individuals in California using the new multiple-race data available on the death certificate.
   Methods. Death data were drawn from California vital statistics for 2000 and 2001. Denominator data were drawn from the 2000 census Modified Race Data Summary File. The authors calculated mortality rates and relative standard errors for multiple-race individuals as a whole and by county, and for the three largest reported multiple-race groups (African American and white, American Indian/Alaska Native and white, and Asian and white).
   Results. Decedents reported to be of more than one race were disproportionately young, Hispanic, male, and never-married. Age-adjusted mortality rates for multiple-race groups were approximately one-sixth as high as rates for single-race individuals. There was substantial variability in rates for multiple-race decedents according to county of residence.
   Conclusions. Mortality rates for multiple-race people were implausibly low, and death certificates for multiple-race individuals were geographically clustered. Race reporting on death certificates will need to be improved before accurate death rates can be calculated for those of multiple races.
C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Human & Community Dev, Ctr Youth Dev 4H, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Maternal & Child Hlth Branch, Sacramento, CA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Populat Epidemiol Branch, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Calif Ctr Hlth Stat, Sacramento, CA USA.
RP Heck, KE (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Human & Community Dev, Ctr Youth Dev 4H, 3321 Hart Hall, Davis, CA 95616 USA.
EM keheck@ucdavis.edu
NR 5
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0033-3549
J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP
JI Public Health Rep.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 119
IS 2
BP 187
EP 191
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 888GZ
UT WOS:000226363500013
PM 15192906
ER

PT J
AU Boekelheide, K
   Darney, SP
   Daston, GP
   David, RM
   Luderer, U
   Olshan, AF
   Sanderson, WT
   Willhite, CC
   Woskie, S
AF Boekelheide, K
   Darney, SP
   Daston, GP
   David, RM
   Luderer, U
   Olshan, AF
   Sanderson, WT
   Willhite, CC
   Woskie, S
TI NTP-CERHR Expert Panel Report on the reproductive and developmental
   toxicity of 2-bromopropane
SO REPRODUCTIVE TOXICOLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS; BONE-MARROW; CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS; 1-BROMOPROPANE;
   SOLVENTS; SYSTEM; CELLS; SPERMATOGONIA; MUTAGENICITY; METABOLISM
C1 Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
   US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA.
   Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH USA.
   Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY USA.
   Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA.
   NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
   DTSC, Berkeley, CA USA.
   Univ Massachusetts, Lowell, MA USA.
RP Boekelheide, K (reprint author), Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA.
NR 46
TC 13
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 5
PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
PI OXFORD
PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND
SN 0890-6238
J9 REPROD TOXICOL
JI Reprod. Toxicol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 2
BP 189
EP 217
DI 10.1016/j.reprotox.2003.10.003
PG 29
WC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
SC Reproductive Biology; Toxicology
GA 806XN
UT WOS:000220466700002
PM 15019719
ER

PT J
AU Fischer, TK
   Gentsch, JR
AF Fischer, TK
   Gentsch, JR
TI Rotavirus typing methods and algorithms
SO REVIEWS IN MEDICAL VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Review
ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; GROUP-C ROTAVIRUS; GROUP-A ROTAVIRUSES;
   GROUP-B ROTAVIRUS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; BRAZILIAN
   CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; LATEX AGGLUTINATION
AB Vaccination is the current strategy for control and prevention of severe rotavirus infections, a major cause of acute, dehydrating diarrhoea in young children worldwide. Public health interventions aimed at improving water, food and sanitation are unlikely adequately to control the disease. The development of vaccines against severe rotavirus diarrhoea is based upon homotypic or heterotypic protection provided against either a single common G serotype (monovalent vaccines) or against multiple serotypes (multivalent vaccines). Rotavirus strain surveillance has a high priority in disease control programmes worldwide. The continued identification of the most common G and P serotypes for inclusion in vaccines is an important priority. And subsequent to the introduction of a vaccine candidate, not only monitoring of circulating strains is recommended, but also surveillance of potential reassortment of animal rotavirus genes from the vaccine into human rotavirus strains is critical. Conventional methods used in the characterisation of rotavirus strains, such as enzyme immunoassay serotyping and reverse-transcription PCR-based genotyping often fail to identify uncommon and newly appearing strains. The application of newer molecular approaches, including sequencing and oligonucleotide microarray hybridisation, may be required to characterise such strains. The present paper presents a brief overview of the variety of standard methods available, followed by suggestions for a systematic approach for routine rotavirus strain surveillance as well as for characterisation of incompletely typed rotavirus strains. Improved detection and characterisation of incompletely typed strains will help to develop a comprehensive strain surveillance that may be required for tailoring effective rotavirus vaccines. Published in 2004 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Lab Natl Saude Publ, Bissau, Guinea Bissau.
   Univ Bergen, Ctr Int Hlth, Bergen, Norway.
   Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol Res, Copenhagen, Denmark.
RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM thf@ssi.dk
OI Fischer, Thea Kolsen/0000-0003-4812-980X
NR 101
TC 34
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 1
PU WILEY-BLACKWELL
PI HOBOKEN
PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA
SN 1052-9276
EI 1099-1654
J9 REV MED VIROL
JI Rev. Med. Virol.
PD MAR-APR
PY 2004
VL 14
IS 2
BP 71
EP 82
DI 10.1002/rmv.411
PG 12
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 802KQ
UT WOS:000220162800002
PM 15027000
ER

PT J
AU Tao, GY
   Carr, P
   Stiffman, M
   Defor, TA
AF Tao, GY
   Carr, P
   Stiffman, M
   Defor, TA
TI Incompleteness of reporting of laboratory-confirmed chlamydial infection
   by providers affiliated with a managed care organization, 1997-1999
SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID DISEASES; HEALTH; SURVEILLANCE; SYSTEM; COUNTY
AB Background: Surveillance for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) depends on the receipt of positive STD test results from laboratories or reports of STD diagnoses from clinicians to local or state health departments.
   Goal: The goal of this study was to evaluate incompleteness of reporting of chlamydial infection in a large staff-model managed care organization (MCO) using laboratory data and provider-based reports.
   Methods: All cases of chlamydial infection in 2 databases, one from the MCO during January 1997 through June 1999 and the other from the state STD registry, were compared by using a standard algorithm alone that included patient's name, sex, and date of specimen collection, and by using the standard algorithm together with the patient's medical record number.
   Results: Of 833 cases of chlamydial infection in the MCO case database, 597 were matched to the cases in the state registry using the standard algorithm alone and 671 were matched using the standard algorithm together with the patient's medical record number. In addition, 89 cases of chlamydial infection in the state registry had been reported from the MCO during the same timeframe but were not matched to cases in the MCO case database by these algorithms. The estimated incompleteness of reporting ranged from 9% to 28% depending on matching algorithms used and the criteria used to define completeness.
   Conclusion: Based on this comparison of MCO data with the state STD registry data, the estimated incompleteness of reporting in a MCO depended on matching algorithms used and the criteria used to define completeness. Incompleteness of STD case reporting could be reduced if confidential electronic reporting methods and more complete case characteristic variables were used.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA.
RP Tao, GY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E80, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM gat3@cdc.gov
NR 17
TC 3
Z9 4
U1 1
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0148-5717
J9 SEX TRANSM DIS
JI Sex. Transm. Dis.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 31
IS 3
BP 139
EP 142
DI 10.1097/01.OLQ.0000114939.59394.37
PG 4
WC Infectious Diseases
SC Infectious Diseases
GA 778RT
UT WOS:000189255100001
PM 15076924
ER

PT J
AU Hall, HI
   Jamison, PM
   Coughlin, SS
AF Hall, HI
   Jamison, PM
   Coughlin, SS
TI Breast and cervical cancer mortality in the Mississippi Delta, 1979-1998
SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL
LA English
DT Article
DE breast cancer; cervical cancer; mortality
ID UNITED-STATES; SERVICES; DEATH; CARE; POPULATIONS; MINORITY; AMERICAN;
   POVERTY; TESTS; WOMEN
AB Background: Historically, the Mississippi Delta region has been medically underserved. This may lead to lower cancer prevention efforts and higher breast or cervical cancer mortality rates.
   Methods: Death rates for 1979 through 1998 were calculated for Mississippi Delta women and for women living elsewhere in the US.
   Results: Breast cancer mortality in the Delta was similar to that elsewhere in the US in recent years for both black and white women, but rates were lower in the Delta in the early years of the study period. Overall, cervical cancer mortality was similar in the two areas but rates declined more rapidly elsewhere in the US than in the Delta. Breast and cervical cancer mortality was higher among black women than among white women in both areas. Cervical cancer mortality was higher among white rural and black urban women in the Delta than their counterparts elsewhere.
   Conclusion: These results can guide prevention activities for reducing mortality from these diseases.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E 47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM ixh1@cdc.gov
NR 43
TC 5
Z9 5
U1 1
U2 3
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103 USA
SN 0038-4348
EI 1541-8243
J9 SOUTH MED J
JI South.Med.J.
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 97
IS 3
BP 264
EP 272
DI 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000105066.37846.FD
PG 9
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 831DA
UT WOS:000222171900011
PM 15043334
ER

PT J
AU Mannino, DM
   Holguin, F
   Greves, HM
   Savage-Brown, A
   Stock, AL
   Jones, RL
AF Mannino, DM
   Holguin, F
   Greves, HM
   Savage-Brown, A
   Stock, AL
   Jones, RL
TI Urinary cadmium levels predict lower lung function in current and former
   smokers: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination
   Survey
SO THORAX
LA English
DT Article
ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; DEVELOP COPD; WORKERS;
   MORTALITY; SMOKING; ADULTS; BLOOD; LEAD; METALLOTHIONEIN
AB Background: A study was undertaken to determine the relation between urinary cadmium levels and lung function in a nationally representative cohort of current, former, and never smokers in the US. Urinary cadmium levels reflect the total body burden of cadmium.
   Methods: The following data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analysed: urinary cadmium ( adjusted for urinary creatinine), lung function, sex, race/ethnicity, age, education level, job category, body mass index, serum cotinine level, and smoking history. Linear regression models were developed to predict lung function using urinary cadmium as the main predictor, adjusting for other covariates and stratified by smoking status.
   Results: Data were available on 16 024 adults. Current smokers had higher mean ( SE) urinary cadmium/ creatinine levels (0.46 (0.01) mug/g) than former (0.32 ( 0.01) mug/g) or never smokers (0.23 ( 0.01) mug/g). Higher levels of urinary cadmium were associated with significantly lower forced expiratory volumes in 1 second (FEV1) in current (-2.06%, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 2.86 to -1.26 per 1 log increase in urinary cadmium) and former smokers (-1.95%, 95% CI - 2.87 to -1.03) but not in never smokers (-0.18%, 95% CI - 0.60 to 0.24). Similar results were obtained for forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/ FVC.
   Conclusions: Cadmium, which is known to cause emphysema in occupational settings, may also be important in the development of tobacco related lung disease.
C1 Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 1600 Clifton Rd,E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM dmannino@cdc.gov
RI Jones, Robert/E-1170-2011; 
OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828
NR 46
TC 57
Z9 58
U1 0
U2 6
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0040-6376
J9 THORAX
JI Thorax
PD MAR 1
PY 2004
VL 59
IS 3
BP 194
EP 198
DI 10.1136/thorax.2003.012054
PG 5
WC Respiratory System
SC Respiratory System
GA 778AP
UT WOS:000189217200006
PM 14985551
ER

PT J
AU Matt, GE
   Quintana, PJE
   Hovell, MF
   Bernert, JT
   Song, S
   Novianti, N
   Juarez, T
   Floro, J
   Gehrman, C
   Garcia, M
   Larson, S
AF Matt, GE
   Quintana, PJE
   Hovell, MF
   Bernert, JT
   Song, S
   Novianti, N
   Juarez, T
   Floro, J
   Gehrman, C
   Garcia, M
   Larson, S
TI Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of
   infant exposures
SO TOBACCO CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
ID PASSIVE SMOKING; CHILDRENS EXPOSURE; SECONDHAND SMOKE; YOUNG-CHILDREN;
   HAIR; VALIDITY; COTININE
AB Objectives: To examine (1) whether dust and surfaces in households of smokers are contaminated with environmental tobacco smoke (ETS); (2) whether smoking parents can protect their infants by smoking outside and away from the infant; and (3) whether contaminated dust, surfaces, and air contribute to ETS exposure in infants.
   Design: Quasi-experiment comparing three types of households with infants: ( 1) non-smokers who believe they have protected their children from ETS; (2) smokers who believe they have protected their children from ETS; (3) smokers who expose their children to ETS.
   Setting: Homes of smokers and non-smokers.
   Participants: Smoking and non-smoking mothers and their infants (1 year.
   Main outcome measures: ETS contamination as measured by nicotine in household dust, indoor air, and household surfaces. ETS exposure as measured by cotinine levels in infant urine.
   Results: ETS contamination and ETS exposure were 5 - 7 times higher in households of smokers trying to protect their infants by smoking outdoors than in households of non-smokers. ETS contamination and exposure were 3 - 8 times higher in households of smokers who exposed their infants to ETS by smoking indoors than in households of smokers trying to protect their children by smoking outdoors.
   Conclusions: Dust and surfaces in homes of smokers are contaminated with ETS. Infants of smokers are at risk of ETS exposure in their homes through dust, surfaces, and air. Smoking outside the home and away from the infant reduces but does not completely protect a smoker's home from ETS contamination and a smoker's infant from ETS exposure.
C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
   San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   SDSU UCSD Joint Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, San Diego, CA USA.
   San Diego State Univ Fdn, WIC Program, San Diego, CA USA.
RP Matt, GE (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA.
EM gmatt@sciences.sdsu.edu
RI Matt, Georg/A-7076-2009; Travers, Mark/C-7832-2011
NR 32
TC 200
Z9 203
U1 0
U2 21
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0964-4563
J9 TOB CONTROL
JI Tob. Control
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 13
IS 1
BP 29
EP 37
DI 10.1136/tc.2003.003889
PG 9
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 778AM
UT WOS:000189217000019
PM 14985592
ER

PT J
AU Calafat, AM
   Polzin, GM
   Saylor, J
   Richter, P
   Ashley, DL
   Watson, CH
AF Calafat, AM
   Polzin, GM
   Saylor, J
   Richter, P
   Ashley, DL
   Watson, CH
TI Determination of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide yields in the
   mainstream smoke of selected international cigarettes
SO TOBACCO CONTROL
LA English
DT Article
ID PREGNANCY
AB Objective: Survey of nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide ( CO) smoke deliveries from 77 cigarette brands purchased in 35 countries was conducted using a standardised machine smoking method. The goal of this study was to determine regional variations and differences in the tar, nicotine, and CO smoke yields of a cigarette brand manufactured by a leading transnational corporation and of non-US locally popular cigarette brands.
   Design: The majority of the cigarettes were purchased in each of the participating countries by delegate members of the World Health Organization and forwarded to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for analysis. Smoke deliveries were determined using a standardised smoking machine method and subsequent gravimetric and gas chromatography analysis.
   Results: The smoke deliveries varied widely. Mainstream smoke deliveries varied from 6.8 to 21.6 mg tar/ cigarette, 0.5 to 1.6 mg nicotine/cigarette, and 5.9 to 17.4 mg CO/cigarette. In addition to the smoke deliveries, the cigarettes were examined to determine physical parameters such as filter composition, length, and ventilation levels.
   Conclusion: Analysis of the smoke deliveries suggested that cigarettes from the Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific WHO regions tended to have higher tar, nicotine, and CO smoke deliveries than did brands from the European, American, or African WHO regions surveyed.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA.
RP Watson, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM cow1@cdc.gov
NR 32
TC 33
Z9 33
U1 1
U2 7
PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP
PI LONDON
PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND
SN 0964-4563
J9 TOB CONTROL
JI Tob. Control
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 13
IS 1
BP 45
EP 51
DI 10.1136/tc.2003.003673
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 778AM
UT WOS:000189217000021
PM 14985595
ER

PT J
AU van Eijk, AM
   Ayisi, JG
   ter Kuile, FO
   Otieno, JA
   Misore, AO
   Odondi, JO
   Rosen, DH
   Kager, PA
   Steketee, RW
   Nahlen, BL
AF van Eijk, AM
   Ayisi, JG
   ter Kuile, FO
   Otieno, JA
   Misore, AO
   Odondi, JO
   Rosen, DH
   Kager, PA
   Steketee, RW
   Nahlen, BL
TI Effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment with
   sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for control of malaria in pregnancy in
   western Kenya: a hospital-based study
SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
DE pregnancy; malaria; sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine; effectiveness; Kenya
ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; RURAL MALAWI; EFFICACY; CHLOROQUINE; PREVALENCE;
   INFECTION; AFRICA; WOMEN; RISK; AREA
AB OBJECTIVE To monitor the effectiveness of intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) for the control of malaria in pregnancy at delivery in the Provincial Hospital in Kisumu, Kenya, and to assess the effect of IPT in participants in a cohort study.
   METHODS Between June 1999 and June 2000, information on IPT and birth outcome was collected in 2302 consecutive deliveries. A group of 889 women, who were enrolled in a cohort to assess the interaction between malaria and HIV, were analysed separately because of the enrolment criteria and different access to health care.
   RESULTS The prevalence of placental malaria was 13.8% and of low birthweight (LBW) was 12.2%. In multivariable analysis, IPT (greater than or equal to1 dose of SP) was associated with a reduction in placental malaria and LBW [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39-0.83 and OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.95, respectively]. An adjusted mean increase in birthweight of 61 g was seen (95% CI 22-101 g) for each increment in number of SP doses (greater than or equal to2 doses grouped together). IPT was associated with a reduction in placental malaria in HIV-seronegative women (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.28-0.86) but this was not significant among HIV-seropositive women (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20-1.05). A significant effect on birthweight could not be detected among participants in the HIV-cohort.
   CONCLUSIONS This evaluation confirms that IPT with SP is effective in reducing placental malaria and LBW. It will be important to increase coverage of IPT and to extend IPT to antenatal clinics in peri-urban and rural areas.
C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, CVBCR, Kisumu, Kenya.
   Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Kenya Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya.
   WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
RP van Eijk, AM (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, CVBCR, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya.
EM avaneijk@kisian.mimcom.net; Jayisi@kisian.mimcom.net; fat7@cdc.gov;
   Jotieno@kisian.mimcom.net; drosen@kisian.mimcom.net;
   p.a.kager@amc.uva.nl; ris1@cdc.gov; nahlenb@who.ch
NR 14
TC 70
Z9 71
U1 0
U2 1
PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD
PI OXFORD
PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND
SN 1360-2276
J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH
JI Trop. Med. Int. Health
PD MAR
PY 2004
VL 9
IS 3
BP 351
EP 360
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 779YE
UT WOS:000189329400007
PM 14996364
ER

PT J
AU Farfan-Ale, JA
   Blitvich, BJ
   Lorono-Pino, MA
   Marlenee, NL
   Rosado-Paredes, EP
   Garcia-Rejon, JE
   Flores-Flores, LF
   Chulim-Perera, L
   Lopez-Uribe, M
   Perez-Mendoza, G
   Sanchez-Herrera, I
   Santamaria, W
   Moo-Huchim, J
   Gubler, DJ
   Cropp, BC
   Calisher, CH
   Beaty, BJ
AF Farfan-Ale, JA
   Blitvich, BJ
   Lorono-Pino, MA
   Marlenee, NL
   Rosado-Paredes, EP
   Garcia-Rejon, JE
   Flores-Flores, LF
   Chulim-Perera, L
   Lopez-Uribe, M
   Perez-Mendoza, G
   Sanchez-Herrera, I
   Santamaria, W
   Moo-Huchim, J
   Gubler, DJ
   Cropp, BC
   Calisher, CH
   Beaty, BJ
TI Longitudinal studies of West Nile virus infection in avians, Yucatan
   State, Mexico
SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE West Nile virus; flavivirus; Mexico; bird; surveillance
ID MIGRATORY BIRDS; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; TRANSMISSION; ANTIBODIES; HORSES;
   SERUM
AB Following the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) into North America in 1999, surveillance for evidence of infection with this virus in migratory and resident birds was established in Yucatan State, Mexico in March 2000. Overall, 8611 birds representing 182 species and 14 orders were captured and assayed for antibodies to WNV. Of these, 5066 (59%) birds were residents and 3545 (41%) birds were migrants. Twenty-one (0.24%) birds exhibited evidence of flavivirus infection. Of these, 8 birds had antibodies to WNV by epitope-blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Five (0.06%) birds (gray catbird, brown-crested flycatcher, rose-breasted grosbeak, blue bunting and indigo bunting) were confirmed to have WNV infections by plaque reduction neutralization test. The WNV-infected birds were sampled in December 2002 and January 2003. The brown-crested flycatcher and blue bunting presumably were resident birds; the other WNV seropositive birds were migrants. These data provide evidence of WNV transmission among birds in the Yucatan Peninsula.
C1 Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   Univ Autonoma Yucatan, Ctr Invest Reg Dr Hideyo Noguchi, Lab Arbovirol, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
RP Beaty, BJ (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA.
EM bbeaty@colostate.edu
RI Garcia-Rejon, Julian Everardo/E-4285-2017
OI Garcia-Rejon, Julian Everardo/0000-0002-6681-1581
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI45430]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50 CCU820510]
NR 33
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 1
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA
SN 1530-3667
J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT
JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis.
PD SPR
PY 2004
VL 4
IS 1
BP 3
EP 14
DI 10.1089/153036604773082942
PG 12
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 808TC
UT WOS:000220590400001
PM 15018768
ER

PT J
AU Levin, ML
   Ross, DE
AF Levin, ML
   Ross, DE
TI Acquisition of different isolates of Anaplasma phagocytophilum by Ixodes
   scapularis from a model animal
SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE Anaplasma phagocytophilum; human granulocytic ehrlichiosis; Ixodes
   scapularis; transmission efficiency; isolate variability
ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; TICK-BORNE FEVER; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI;
   NEW-YORK; AGENT; IXODIDAE; VECTOR; ACARI
AB The prevalence of etiologic agents in ticks reflects the intensity of their transmission in natural cycles and is an important measure of their potential to cause human disease. The distribution of Anaplasma phagocytophilum within the range of its primary vectors is patchy. Even nearby sites differ dramatically in the prevalence of Anaplasma in questing ticks. We hypothesized that this irregular distribution may be due in part to variations in acquisition rates of different isolates of A. phagocytophilum by L scapularis ticks from infected animals. BALB/c mice were infected with seven isolates of A. phagocytophilum from different geographical regions: four isolates from the Northeastern United States (Bridgeport, Dawson, Gaillard, NY-8), two from the Midwest (Webster, Sp-Is), and one from California (MRK). Larval ticks were placed on infected mice for 16 consecutive weeks and allowed to feed to repletion. The prevalence of infection in the freshly molted nymphs was then determined by PCR. The proportion of ticks that became infected with either isolate fluctuated over the duration of infection. Mice harboring the isolate Sp-Is were most infectious for ticks at 3 weeks postinfection. Mice infected with the other six isolates exhibited several peaks of infectivity. Timing and relative heights of these peaks differed between isolates. Geographical proximity of the studied isolates did not predetermine their similarity, and isolates originating from the same region differed more in their ability to infect ticks than isolates from different regions. However, it appears unlikely that described differences in agent acquisition by ticks alone are sufficient to account for the irregular distribution of A. phagocytophilum in vector populations.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Levin, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM MLevin@cdc.gov
NR 24
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 3
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA
SN 1530-3667
J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT
JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis.
PD SPR
PY 2004
VL 4
IS 1
BP 53
EP 59
DI 10.1089/153036604773082997
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 808TC
UT WOS:000220590400006
PM 15018773
ER

PT J
AU O'Leary, DR
   Marfin, AA
   Montgomery, SP
   Kipp, AM
   Lehman, JA
   Biggerstaff, BJ
   Elko, VL
   Collins, PD
   Jones, JE
   Campbell, GL
AF O'Leary, DR
   Marfin, AA
   Montgomery, SP
   Kipp, AM
   Lehman, JA
   Biggerstaff, BJ
   Elko, VL
   Collins, PD
   Jones, JE
   Campbell, GL
TI The epidemic of West Nile virus in the United States, 2002
SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE West Nile virus; epidemic
ID NEW-YORK; ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; DIAGNOSIS; ISRAEL; FEVER
AB Since 1999, health officials have documented the spread of West Nile virus across the eastern and southern states and into the central United States. In 2002, a large, multi-state, epidemic of neuroinvasive West Nile illness occurred. Using standardized guidelines, health departments conducted surveillance for West Nile virus illness in humans, and West Nile virus infection and illness in non-human species. Illnesses were reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through the ArboNET system. In 2002, 39 states and the District of Columbia reported 4,156 human West Nile virus illness cases. Of these, 2,942 (71%) were neuroinvasive illnesses (i.e., meningitis, encephalitis, or meningoencephalitis) with onset dates from May 19 through December 14; 1,157 (28%) were uncomplicated West Nile fever cases, and 47 (1%) were clinically unspecified. Over 80% of neuroinvasive illnesses occurred in the central United States. Among meningitis cases, median age was 46 years (range, 3 months to 91 years), and the fatality-to-case ratio was 2%; for encephalitis cases (with or without meningitis), median age was 64 years (range, 1 month to 99 years) and the fatality-to-case ratio was 12%. Neuroinvasive illness incidence and mortality, respectively, were significantly associated with advanced age (p = 0.02; p = 0.01) and being male (p < 0.001; p = 0.002). In 89% of counties reporting neuroinvasive human illnesses, West Nile virus infections were first noted in non-human species, but no human illnesses were reported from 77% of counties in which non-human infections were detected. In 2002, West Nile virus caused the largest recognized epidemic of neuroinvasive arboviral illness in the Western Hemisphere and the largest epidemic of neuroinvasive West Nile virus ever recorded. It is unknown why males appeared to have higher risk of severe illness and death, but possibilities include higher prevalence of co-morbid conditions or behavioral factors leading to increased infection rates. Several observations, including major, multi-state West Nile virus epidemics in 2002 and 2003, suggest that major epidemics may annually reoccur in the United States. Non-human surveillance can warn of early West Nile virus activity and needs continued emphasis, along with control of Cidex mosquitoes.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
   Northrop Grumman Miss Syst, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP O'Leary, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA.
EM DOLeary@cdc.gov
NR 28
TC 154
Z9 161
U1 1
U2 32
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA
SN 1530-3667
J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT
JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis.
PD SPR
PY 2004
VL 4
IS 1
BP 61
EP 70
DI 10.1089/153036604773083004
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 808TC
UT WOS:000220590400007
PM 15018774
ER

PT J
AU Apperson, CS
   Hassan, HK
   Harrison, BA
   Savage, HM
   Aspen, SE
   Farajollahi, A
   Crans, W
   Daniels, TJ
   Falco, RC
   Benedict, M
   Anderson, M
   McMillen, L
   Unnasch, TR
AF Apperson, CS
   Hassan, HK
   Harrison, BA
   Savage, HM
   Aspen, SE
   Farajollahi, A
   Crans, W
   Daniels, TJ
   Falco, RC
   Benedict, M
   Anderson, M
   McMillen, L
   Unnasch, TR
TI Host feeding patterns of established and potential mosquito vectors of
   West Nile virus in the eastern United States
SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
DE arbovirus; mosquito; host; vector blood meal
ID ANOPHELES-QUADRIMACULATUS; CULEX MOSQUITOS; NORTH-CAROLINA; BLOOD MEALS;
   CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; IDENTIFICATION; COMPETENCE; PIPIENS; SURVEILLANCE
AB An important variable in determining the vectorial capacity of mosquito species for arthropod-borne infections is the degree of contact of the vector and the vertebrate reservoir. This parameter can be estimated by examining the host-feeding habits of vectors. Serological and polymerase chain reaction based methods have been used to study the host-feedings patterns of 21 mosquito species from New York, New Jersey, and Tennessee, 19 of which previously have been found infected with West Nile virus. Mammalophilic mosquito species in New Jersey and New York fed primarily upon white-tailed deer, while those from Memphis, Tennessee, fed mainly upon domestic dogs. A total of 24 different avian host species were detected among the avian-derived blood meals. American Robin, Northern Cardinal, Northern Mockingbird, Tufted Titmouse, and Brown-headed Cowbird were common avian hosts, while blood meals derived from the American Crow were relatively rare. Although the majority of common host species were potentially among the most abundant birds at each location, the proportion of blood meals from the most commonly fed upon avian species was greater than was predicted based upon the likely abundance of these species alone. These findings suggest that vector species for West Nile virus may preferentially feed upon certain avian hosts.
C1 Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
   N Carolina State Univ, Dept Entomol, Raleigh, NC USA.
   N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Publ Hlth Pest Management Sect, Winston Salem, NC USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA.
   Rutgers State Univ, Dept Entomol Mosquito Res & Control, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA.
   Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ctr, Vector Ecol Lab, Armonk, NY USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Entomol Branch, Chamblee, GA USA.
   Memphis Shelby Cty Vector Control, Memphis, TN USA.
RP Unnasch, TR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Div Geog Med, BBRB 203,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.
EM trunnasch@geomed.dom.uab.edu
FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI049724, R01 AI049724-04, R01-AI49724]
NR 36
TC 186
Z9 193
U1 3
U2 43
PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL
PI LARCHMONT
PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA
SN 1530-3667
J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT
JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis.
PD SPR
PY 2004
VL 4
IS 1
BP 71
EP 82
DI 10.1089/153036604773083013
PG 12
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases
GA 808TC
UT WOS:000220590400008
PM 15018775
ER

PT J
AU Watabe, M
   Sekizuka, T
   Millar, BC
   Rooney, PJ
   Moore, JE
   Matsuda, M
   Xiao, LH
   Lowery, CJ
   Dooley, JSG
   Rao, JR
AF Watabe, M
   Sekizuka, T
   Millar, BC
   Rooney, PJ
   Moore, JE
   Matsuda, M
   Xiao, LH
   Lowery, CJ
   Dooley, JSG
   Rao, JR
TI Investigation of faecal pathogens in a flock of mute swans (Cygnus olor)
SO VETERINARY RECORD
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland.
   Azabu Univ, Sch Environm Hlth Sci, Lab Mol Biol, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229, Japan.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Univ Ulster, Sch Hlth & Life Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland.
   Dept Agr & Rural Dev No Ireland, Appl Plant Sci Res Div, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland.
RP Watabe, M (reprint author), Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland.
RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013
OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727
NR 6
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU BRITISH VETERINARY ASSOC
PI LONDON
PA 7 MANSFIELD ST, LONDON W1M 0AT, ENGLAND
SN 0042-4900
J9 VET REC
JI Vet. Rec.
PD FEB 28
PY 2004
VL 154
IS 9
BP 279
EP 280
PG 2
WC Veterinary Sciences
SC Veterinary Sciences
GA 804VI
UT WOS:000220325800022
PM 15029976
ER

PT J
AU Klausner, RD
   Fauci, AS
   Corey, L
   Nabel, GJ
   Gayle, H
   Berkley, S
   Haynes, BF
   Baltimore, D
   Collins, C
   Douglas, RG
   Esparza, J
   Francis, DP
   Ganguly, NK
   Gerberding, JL
   Johnson, MI
   Kazatchkine, MD
   McMichael, AJ
   Makgoba, MW
   Pantaleo, G
   Piot, P
   Shao, YM
   Tramont, E
   Varmus, H
   Wasserheit, JN
AF Klausner, RD
   Fauci, AS
   Corey, L
   Nabel, GJ
   Gayle, H
   Berkley, S
   Haynes, BF
   Baltimore, D
   Collins, C
   Douglas, RG
   Esparza, J
   Francis, DP
   Ganguly, NK
   Gerberding, JL
   Johnson, MI
   Kazatchkine, MD
   McMichael, AJ
   Makgoba, MW
   Pantaleo, G
   Piot, P
   Shao, YM
   Tramont, E
   Varmus, H
   Wasserheit, JN
TI The challenges of an HIV vaccine enterprise - Response
SO SCIENCE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA 98102 USA.
   NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Program Infect Dis, HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
   Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98109 USA.
   Univ Washington, Dept Lab Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA.
   Int AIDS Vaccine Initiat, New York, NY 10038 USA.
   Duke Univ, Sch Med, Durham, NC 27710 USA.
   CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.
   AIDS Vaccine Advocacy Coalit, New York, NY 10011 USA.
   Sequella Global TB Fdn, Rockville, MD 20850 USA.
   World Hlth Org Joint United Nations Programme HIV, HIV Vaccine Initiat, Geneva 27, Switzerland.
   VaxGen Inc, Brisbane, CA 94005 USA.
   Indian Council Med Res, New Delhi 110029, India.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Agence Natl Rech Side, F-75013 Paris, France.
   Univ Oxford, Weatherall Inst Mol Med, MRC, Human Immunol Unit, Oxford OX3 9DS, England.
   Univ Natal, ZA-4041 Durban, South Africa.
   Univ Lausanne, CHU Vaudois, Div Immunol & Allergy, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
   UNAIDS, Geneva 27, Switzerland.
   Natl Ctr AIDS STD Control & Prevent, Beijing 100050, Peoples R China.
   Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA.
RP Klausner, RD (reprint author), Bill & Melinda Gates Fdn, Seattle, WA 98102 USA.
RI Pantaleo, Giuseppe/K-6163-2016
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0036-8075
J9 SCIENCE
JI Science
PD FEB 27
PY 2004
VL 303
IS 5662
BP 1296
EP 1297
PG 2
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 778JN
UT WOS:000189238600019
ER

PT J
AU Dietz, WH
AF Dietz, WH
TI Overweight in childhood and adolesence
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Dietz, WH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RI Vollrath, Margarete/G-1297-2011
NR 1
TC 294
Z9 305
U1 1
U2 10
PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM
PI WALTHAM
PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD FEB 26
PY 2004
VL 350
IS 9
BP 855
EP 857
DI 10.1056/NEJMp048008
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 777UM
UT WOS:000189197300001
PM 14985480
ER

PT J
AU Mutsch, M
   Zhou, WG
   Rhodes, P
   Bopp, M
   Chen, RT
   Linder, T
   Spyr, C
   Steffen, R
AF Mutsch, M
   Zhou, WG
   Rhodes, P
   Bopp, M
   Chen, RT
   Linder, T
   Spyr, C
   Steffen, R
TI Use of the inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine and the risk of
   Bell's palsy in Switzerland
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID HEAT-LABILE TOXIN; CASE SERIES; SAFETY; IMMUNOGENICITY; TRIVALENT;
   EFFICACY
AB BACKGROUND:
   After the introduction of an inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine that was used only in Switzerland, 46 cases of Bell's palsy were reported.
   METHODS:
   We conducted a matched case-control study and a case-series analysis. All primary care physicians, ear, nose, and throat specialists, and neurologists in German-speaking regions of Switzerland were requested to identify cases of Bell's palsy diagnosed in adults between October 1, 2000, and April 30, 2001. Each physician was invited to select three control patients for each patient with Bell's palsy, with matching according to age, date of the clinic visit, and physician. Vaccination information was provided by the physicians.
   RESULTS:
   A total of 773 patients with Bell's palsy were identified. Of the 412 (53.3 percent) who could be evaluated, 250 (60.7 percent) were enrolled and matched with 722 control patients; the other 162 patients had no controls. In the case-control study, we found that 68 patients with Bell's palsy (27.2 percent) and 8 controls (1.1 percent) had received the intranasal vaccine (P<0.001). In contrast to parenteral vaccines, the intranasal vaccine significantly increased the risk of Bell's palsy (adjusted odds ratio, 84.0; 95 percent confidence interval, 20.1 to 351.9). Even according to conservative assumptions, the relative risk of Bell's palsy was estimated to be 19 times the risk in the controls, corresponding to 13 excess cases per 10,000 vaccinees within 1 to 91 days after vaccination. In the case-series analysis, the period of highest risk was 31 to 60 days after vaccination.
   CONCLUSIONS:
   This study suggests a strong association between the inactivated intranasal influenza vaccine used in Switzerland and Bell's palsy. This vaccine is no longer in clinical use.
C1 Univ Zurich, Inst Social & Prevent Med, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
   Univ Zurich, Div Communicable Dis, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Travellers Hlth, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
   CDCP, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
   CDCP, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Kantonsspital Lucerne, Dept Otorhinolaryngol & Head & Neck Surg, Luzern, Switzerland.
   Berna Biotech, Bern, Switzerland.
RP Mutsch, M (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Inst Social & Prevent Med, Sumatra Str 30, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland.
EM muetsch@ifspm.unizh.ch
RI Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/D-4312-2016
OI Chiang, Vincent, Ming-Hsien/0000-0002-2029-7863
NR 33
TC 430
Z9 452
U1 1
U2 14
PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM
PI WALTHAM
PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD FEB 26
PY 2004
VL 350
IS 9
BP 896
EP 903
DI 10.1056/NEJMoa030595
PG 8
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 777UM
UT WOS:000189197300008
PM 14985487
ER

PT J
AU Shults, RA
AF Shults, RA
TI Child passenger deaths involving drinking drivers - United States,
   1997-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 77-79, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID INTERVENTIONS
C1 CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Shults, RA (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 10
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD FEB 25
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 8
BP 934
EP 935
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 777MK
UT WOS:000189182000008
ER

PT J
AU Liao, Y
   Tucker, P
   Giles, WH
AF Liao, Y
   Tucker, P
   Giles, WH
TI Health status of American Indians compared with other racial/ethnic
   minority populations - Selected states, 2001-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR,
   vol 52, pg 1148-1152, 2003)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Liao, Y (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 11
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD FEB 25
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 8
BP 935
EP 937
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 777MK
UT WOS:000189182000009
ER

PT J
AU Lurie, P
   Stafford, H
   Teacher, C
   Ankeny, R
   Barron, M
   Bart, J
   Bisgard, K
   Tiwari, T
   Murphy, T
   Moran, J
   Cassiday, P
AF Lurie, P
   Stafford, H
   Teacher, C
   Ankeny, R
   Barron, M
   Bart, J
   Bisgard, K
   Tiwari, T
   Murphy, T
   Moran, J
   Cassiday, P
TI Fatal respiratory diphtheria in a U.S traveler to Haiti - Pennsylvania,
   2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 1285-1286, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID UNITED-STATES
C1 Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA.
   Penn Dept Hlth, Div Immunizat, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA.
   Penn Dept Hlth, Bur Community Hlth Syst, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA.
   CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Lurie, P (reprint author), Penn Dept Hlth, Div Infect Dis & Epidemiol, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD FEB 25
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 8
BP 937
EP 938
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 777MK
UT WOS:000189182000010
ER

PT J
AU Dai, S
   Labarthe, DR
   Fulton, JE
AF Dai, S
   Labarthe, DR
   Fulton, JE
TI Dual observations improve estimates of tracking of lipids in children,
   Project HeartBeat!
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P91
BP E99
EP E99
PG 1
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800146
ER

PT J
AU Ford, ES
   Giles, WH
   Mokdad, AH
AF Ford, ES
   Giles, WH
   Mokdad, AH
TI Trends in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among US adults.
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P253
BP E131
EP E132
PG 2
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800306
ER

PT J
AU Greenlund, KJ
   Croft, JB
   Mensah, GA
AF Greenlund, KJ
   Croft, JB
   Mensah, GA
TI Greater prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among persons
   with prehypertension, United States, 1999-2000.
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P270
BP E135
EP E135
PG 1
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800323
ER

PT J
AU Ilias, N
   Stecker, E
   Zheng, ZJ
   Mensah, G
   Gunson, K
   Jui, J
   Chugh, SS
AF Ilias, N
   Stecker, E
   Zheng, ZJ
   Mensah, G
   Gunson, K
   Jui, J
   Chugh, SS
TI Validation of death certificate-defined sudden cardiac deaths using a
   prospective community-based registry.
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Portland, OR 97201 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P65
BP E94
EP E94
PG 1
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800123
ER

PT J
AU Labarthe, DR
   Zheng, ZJ
   Croft, JB
   Greenlund, KJ
   Mensah, GA
AF Labarthe, DR
   Zheng, ZJ
   Croft, JB
   Greenlund, KJ
   Mensah, GA
TI Coronary heart disease deaths in baby-boomers: Women fared worse than
   men in the 1990s.
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P64
BP E93
EP E94
PG 2
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800122
ER

PT J
AU Lloyd, K
   Cooper, L
   Mitchell, P
   Bittner, V
   Goldberg, R
   Zapka, J
   Labarthe, D
   Luepker, R
   Mann, NC
   Murray, DM
   Pandey, D
AF Lloyd, K
   Cooper, L
   Mitchell, P
   Bittner, V
   Goldberg, R
   Zapka, J
   Labarthe, D
   Luepker, R
   Mann, NC
   Murray, DM
   Pandey, D
TI Factors associated with myocardial infarction education in acute CVD
   patients: The Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment (REACT) Trial.
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02172 USA.
   Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA.
   Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA.
   Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA.
   Univ Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152 USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P102
BP E101
EP E101
PG 1
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800157
ER

PT J
AU Mann, DM
   Lee, J
   Liao, YL
   Natarajan, S
AF Mann, DM
   Lee, J
   Liao, YL
   Natarajan, S
TI Does obesity independently increase the risk for coronary heart disease
   mortality in US adults?
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   VAMC, New York, NY USA.
NR 0
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P224
BP E126
EP E126
PG 1
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800277
ER

PT J
AU McGruder, HF
   Croft, JB
   Malarcher, AM
   Mensah, GA
AF McGruder, HF
   Croft, JB
   Malarcher, AM
   Mensah, GA
TI Stroke hospitalizations by stroke subtype and discharge outcomes among
   adults aged >= 65 years - United States, 2000.
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 2
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P156
BP E112
EP E112
PG 1
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800210
ER

PT J
AU Mueller, WH
   Ismail, R
   Chan, WY
   Grunbaum, JA
   Dai, SF
AF Mueller, WH
   Ismail, R
   Chan, WY
   Grunbaum, JA
   Dai, SF
TI Longitudinal analysis of anger and body mass in adolescents.
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P306
BP E142
EP E142
PG 1
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800359
ER

PT J
AU Taveras, EM
   Scanlon, KS
   Birch, L
   Rifas-Shiman, SL
   Rich-Edwards, J
   Gillman, MW
AF Taveras, EM
   Scanlon, KS
   Birch, L
   Rifas-Shiman, SL
   Rich-Edwards, J
   Gillman, MW
TI Is breastfeeding in the first year of life associated with maternal
   control of infant feeding?
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P298
BP E140
EP E141
PG 2
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800351
ER

PT J
AU Wright, JD
   Wang, CY
   Kennedy-Stephenson, J
AF Wright, JD
   Wang, CY
   Kennedy-Stephenson, J
TI Trends in awareness and behaviors related to high blood cholesterol in
   US adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination
   Survey.
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA.
   Northrup Grumman Corp, Herndon, VA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 1
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P73
BP E95
EP E95
PG 1
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800130
ER

PT J
AU Zheng, ZJ
   Labarthe, DR
   Croft, JB
   Greenlund, KJ
   Mensah, GA
AF Zheng, ZJ
   Labarthe, DR
   Croft, JB
   Greenlund, KJ
   Mensah, GA
TI Persistent lag in stroke mortality trends at ages 65 and over in the
   United States in the 1990s.
SO CIRCULATION
LA English
DT Meeting Abstract
CT 44th Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and
   Prevention
CY MAR 03-06, 2004
CL San Francisco, CA
SP Amer Heart Assoc
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0009-7322
J9 CIRCULATION
JI Circulation
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 109
IS 7
MA P61
BP E93
EP E93
PG 1
WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease
SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology
GA 777FR
UT WOS:000189165800119
ER

PT J
AU Sui, JH
   Li, WH
   Murakami, A
   Tamin, A
   Matthews, LJ
   Wong, SK
   Moore, MJ
   Tallarico, ASC
   Olurinde, M
   Choe, H
   Anderson, LJ
   Bellini, WJ
   Farzan, M
   Marasco, WA
AF Sui, JH
   Li, WH
   Murakami, A
   Tamin, A
   Matthews, LJ
   Wong, SK
   Moore, MJ
   Tallarico, ASC
   Olurinde, M
   Choe, H
   Anderson, LJ
   Bellini, WJ
   Farzan, M
   Marasco, WA
TI Potent neutralization of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
   coronavirus by a human mAb to S1 protein that blocks receptor
   association
SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF
   AMERICA
LA English
DT Article
ID INFECTIOUS-BRONCHITIS VIRUS; IN-VIVO; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; MURINE
   CORONAVIRUS; HEPATITIS-VIRUS; AMINO-ACIDS; ANTIBODIES; GLYCOPROTEIN;
   IDENTIFICATION; PREVENTION
AB Effective prophylaxis and antiviral therapies are urgently needed in the event of reemergence of the highly contagious and often fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. We have identified eight recombinant human single-chain variable region fragments (scFvs) against the S1 domain of spike (S) protein of the SARS-CoV from two nonimmune human antibody libraries. One scFv 80R efficiently neutralized SARS-CoV and inhibited syncytia formation between cells expressing the S protein and those expressing the SARS-CoV receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Mapping of the 80R epitope showed it is located within the N-terminal 261-672 amino acids of S protein and is not glycosylation-dependent. 80R scFv competed with soluble ACE2 for association with the S1 domain and bound S1 with high affinity (equilibrium dissociation constant, K-d = 32.3 nM). A human IgG1 form of 80R bound S1 with a 20-fold higher affinity of 1.59 nM comparable to that of ACE2 (K-d = 1.70 nM), and neutralized virus 20-fold more efficiently than the 80R scFv. These data suggest that the 80R human monoclonal antibody may be a useful viral entry inhibitor for the emergency prophylaxis and treatment of SARS, and that the ACE2-binding site of S1 could be an attractive target for subunit vaccine and drug development.
C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Div Pulm, Ina Sue Perlmutter Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet,Partners AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Marasco, WA (reprint author), Dana Farber Canc Inst, Dept Canc Immunol & AIDS, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
EM wayne.marasco@dfci.harvard.edu
OI Li, Wenhui/0000-0003-1305-7404; SUI, JIANHUA/0000-0002-1272-9662
FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI053822, AI053822, AI28691, AI28785, AI48436, P30
   AI028691, R01 AI048436]
NR 27
TC 248
Z9 282
U1 3
U2 13
PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA
SN 0027-8424
J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA
JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
PD FEB 24
PY 2004
VL 101
IS 8
BP 2536
EP 2541
DI 10.1073/pnas.0307140101
PG 6
WC Multidisciplinary Sciences
SC Science & Technology - Other Topics
GA 802CA
UT WOS:000220140400055
PM 14983044
ER

PT J
AU Koblavi-Deme, S
   Kestens, L
   Hanson, D
   Otten, RA
   Borget, MY
   Bile, C
   Wiktor, SZ
   Roels, TH
   Chorba, T
   Nkengasong, JN
AF Koblavi-Deme, S
   Kestens, L
   Hanson, D
   Otten, RA
   Borget, MY
   Bile, C
   Wiktor, SZ
   Roels, TH
   Chorba, T
   Nkengasong, JN
TI Differences in HIV-2 plasma viral load and immune activation in HIV-1
   and HIV-2 dually infected persons and those infected with HIV-2 only in
   Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire
SO AIDS
LA English
DT Article
DE HIV-2 RNA viral load; CD38; HLA-DR; HIV-2; HIV-dual infection
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IVORY-COAST; WEST-AFRICA; PROVIRAL LOAD;
   SUBTYPE-B; TYPE-2; PREDOMINANCE; INDIVIDUALS; LYMPHOCYTES; RETROVIRUS
AB Objective: To determine whether blood plasma levels of HIV-2 RNA viral loads and immune activation markers differ between persons infected with HIV-2 only and those dually infected with HIV-1 and HIV-2.
   Methods: Between September 1996 and February 2000, we collected, analyzed and compared levels of HIV-2 RNA in plasma and immune activation markers among 52 persons infected with HIV-2 alone and 75 with confirmed dual infection. We also compared viral load and immune activation in patients who were infected with HIV-1 only and those who were dually infected.
   Results: When we conducted a CD4 T-cell count-stratified multivariate analysis of HIV-2 viral load, controlling for difference in CD4 T-cell counts, age and sex: at < 200 x 10(6) CD4 T cells/l, HIV-2 viral load was 2.0 log(10) copies/ml lower in dually infected patients than in HIV-2 only patients (P < 0.0001). At CD4 T-cell counts between 200 x 10(6) and 500 x 10(6)/l, HIV-2 viral load was 0.3 log(10) copies/ml lower in dually infected patients (P = 0.45). However, at CD4 T-cells counts > 500 x 10(6)/l, HIV-2 viral load was 0.9 log(10) copies/ml higher in dually infected patients (P < 0.0001). Dually infected persons with undetectable HIV-2 viral loads had significantly higher median levels of CD8 T cells expressing CD38 (P < 0.001) and HLA-DR (P = 0.01) than HIV-2 only infected patients.
   Conclusion: These results suggest that in dual infection, the level of HIV-2 replication depends on the immune status of the patients, with HIV-1 out-replicating HIV-2 as disease progress. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire.
   Inst Trop Med, Antwerp, Belgium.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS STD, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 28
TC 14
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0269-9370
J9 AIDS
JI Aids
PD FEB 20
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 3
BP 413
EP 419
DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000104327.15729.cb
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA 803LQ
UT WOS:000220233000006
PM 15090792
ER

PT J
AU Pieniazek, D
   Rayfield, M
   Hu, DJ
   Nkengasong, JN
   Soriano, V
   Heneine, W
   Zeh, C
   Agwale, SM
   Wambebe, C
   Odama, L
   Wiktor, SZ
   Kalish, ML
AF Pieniazek, D
   Rayfield, M
   Hu, DJ
   Nkengasong, JN
   Soriano, V
   Heneine, W
   Zeh, C
   Agwale, SM
   Wambebe, C
   Odama, L
   Wiktor, SZ
   Kalish, ML
TI HIV-2 protease sequences of subtypes A and B harbor multiple mutations
   associated with protease inhibitor resistance in HIV-1
SO AIDS
LA English
DT Article
DE HIV-2; subtypes; protease; inhibitors; resistance amino-acid mutations
ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-2; PLASMA VIRAL LOAD; ANTIRETROVIRAL
   THERAPY; GENETIC DIVERSITY; MIXED INFECTIONS; COTE-DIVOIRE; SPREAD;
   IDENTIFICATION; ABIDJAN; INDIA
AB Background: HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PI) have been used for treating HIV-2-infected persons but little is known about amino acid mutations associated with PI resistance in HIV-2 and whether they are similar to those seen in HIV-1.
   Objective: To determine the frequency of HIV-1 PI resistance-associated mutations in PI-naive HIV-2-infected individuals.
   Design: Using PCR, protease genes were amplified from 76 individuals, directly sequenced, phylogenetically subtyped, and translated into amino acids to analyze PI-associated major and minor mutations.
   Results: Of the 76 HIV-2 sequences, 68% belonged to subtype A and 32% to subtype B. All sequences contained at least four codon changes giving substitutions at 10, 30, 32, 36, 46, 47, 71 or 77. The frequency of these mutations was similar in subtype A and B viruses. Two major resistance-conferring mutations, 30N and 461, were identified in one (1%) and 68 (89%) specimens, respectively. Minor mutations 10V/I, 321, 361, 47V, and 71V were predominant (89%-100%), followed by the rare mutation 771 (1%). Of the 76 strains, 89% harbored multiple PI resistance-associated substitutions comprising both the major 461 and minor mutations: 10V/I, 321, 361, 461, 47V, 71V (76%); 10V, 321, 361, 461, 47V (9%); and 10V, 321, 361, 461, 47V 71V, 771 (1.3%), 10V, 321, 461, 47V, 71V (1.3%), and 10V, 30N, 321, 361, 461, 47V, 71V (1.3%). The remaining 11% of the sequences had patterns with only minor mutations: 10V, 321, 361, 47V, 71V (9%) and 10V, 321, 361, 47V (1.3%).
   Conclusions: The high frequency of multiple PI-associated substitutions represent natural polymorphisms occurring in HIV-2 strains of subtypes A and B. Phenotypic and clinical studies are needed to determine the relevance of these substitutions. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Inst Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
   Natl Inst Pharmaceut Res & Dev, Abuja, Nigeria.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Pieniazek, D (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 40
TC 36
Z9 36
U1 0
U2 0
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 0269-9370
J9 AIDS
JI Aids
PD FEB 20
PY 2004
VL 18
IS 3
BP 495
EP 502
DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000111412.02002.fc
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology
GA 803LQ
UT WOS:000220233000016
PM 15090802
ER

PT J
AU Carmona, R
   Gfroerer, J
   Caraballo, R
   Yee, SL
   Husten, C
   Pechacek, T
   Robinson, RG
   Lee, C
AF Carmona, R
   Gfroerer, J
   Caraballo, R
   Yee, SL
   Husten, C
   Pechacek, T
   Robinson, RG
   Lee, C
TI Prevalence of cigarette use among 14 racial/ethnic populations - United
   States, 1999-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 49-52, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 CDC, Off Surg Gen, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   CDC, Off Appl Studies, Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Carmona, R (reprint author), CDC, Off Surg Gen, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD FEB 18
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 7
BP 814
EP 816
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 774TF
UT WOS:000189000400009
ER

PT J
AU Deckert, A
   Glaser, C
   Sun, B
   Demma, L
AF Deckert, A
   Glaser, C
   Sun, B
   Demma, L
TI Human death associated with bat rabies - California, 2003 (Reprinted
   from MMWR, vol 53, pg 33-35, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 Shasta Cty Publ Hlth, Redding, CA 96099 USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA.
   Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Berkeley, CA USA.
   CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Deckert, A (reprint author), Shasta Cty Publ Hlth, Redding, CA 96099 USA.
NR 7
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD FEB 18
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 7
BP 816
EP 817
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 774TF
UT WOS:000189000400010
ER

PT J
AU Finkelstein, EA
   Fiebelkorn, IC
   Corso, PS
   Binder, SC
AF Finkelstein, EA
   Fiebelkorn, IC
   Corso, PS
   Binder, SC
TI Medical expenditures attributable to injuries - United States, 2000
   (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 53, pg 1-4, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
   CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Finkelstein, EA (reprint author), Res Triangle Inst, POB 12194, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA.
NR 1
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD FEB 18
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 7
BP 817
EP 818
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 774TF
UT WOS:000189000400011
ER

PT J
AU Wade, TJ
   Sandhu, SK
   Levy, D
   Lee, S
   LeChevallier, MW
   Katz, L
   Colford, JM
AF Wade, TJ
   Sandhu, SK
   Levy, D
   Lee, S
   LeChevallier, MW
   Katz, L
   Colford, JM
TI Did a severe flood in the midwest cause an increase in the incidence of
   gastrointestinal symptoms?
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE communicable diseases; diarrhea; gastrointestinal tract; natural
   disasters; water
ID DRINKING-WATER; CONSUMPTION; ILLNESS
AB Severe flooding occurred in the midwestern United States in 2001. Since November 2000, coincidentally, data on gastrointestinal symptoms had been collected for a drinking water intervention study in a community along the Mississippi River that was affected by the flood. After the flood had subsided, the authors asked these subjects (n = 1, 110) about their contact with floodwater. The objectives of this investigation were to determine whether rates of gastrointestinal illness were elevated during the flood and whether contact with floodwater was associated with increased risk of gastrointestinal illness. An increase in the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms during the flood was observed (incidence rate ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.58), and this effect was pronounced among persons with potential sensitivity to infectious gastrointestinal illness. Tap water consumption was not related to gastrointestinal symptoms before, during, or after the flood. An association between gastrointestinal symptoms and contact with floodwater was also observed, and this effect was pronounced in children. This appears to be the first report of an increase in endemic gastrointestinal symptoms in a longitudinal cohort prospectively observed during a flood. These findings suggest that severe climatic events can result in an increase in the endemic incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the United States.
C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
   US EPA, Div Human Studies, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Epidemiol & Biomarkers Branch, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Amer Water, Voorhees, NJ USA.
   Scott Cty Hlth Dept, Davenport, IA USA.
RP Colford, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall,MC 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA.
EM jcolford@socrates.berkeley.edu
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU916961-01]
NR 25
TC 34
Z9 39
U1 0
U2 7
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD FEB 15
PY 2004
VL 159
IS 4
BP 398
EP 405
DI 10.1093/aje/kwh050
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 774GQ
UT WOS:000188971800010
PM 14769644
ER

PT J
AU Rasmussen, SA
   Moore, CA
AF Rasmussen, SA
   Moore, CA
TI Public health approach to birth defects, developmental disabilities, and
   genetic conditions - Introduction
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION;
   GENOMIC MEDICINE; FAMILY-HISTORY; PREVENTION; SURVEILLANCE; GUIDELINES;
   PREVALENCE; AUTISM
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Pediat Genet Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM skr9@cdc.gov
OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928
NR 28
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 1
U2 2
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET C
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. C
PD FEB 15
PY 2004
VL 125C
IS 1
BP 1
EP 3
DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30003
PG 3
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 769LX
UT WOS:000188652500001
PM 14755427
ER

PT J
AU Botto, LD
   Olney, RS
   Erickson, JD
AF Botto, LD
   Olney, RS
   Erickson, JD
TI Vitamin supplements and the risk for congenital anomalies other than
   neural tube defects
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE congenital heart defects; oral clefts; congenital abnormalities; folic
   acid; multivitamin supplements; epidemiology; prevention
ID FOLIC-ACID SUPPLEMENTATION; MATERNAL MULTIVITAMIN USE; BIRTH-DEFECTS;
   OROFACIAL CLEFTS; ORAL CLEFTS; HEART-DEFECTS; PERICONCEPTIONAL USE;
   FOLATE INTAKE; MTHFR GENE; PREVENTION
AB Randomized trials, supported by many observational studies, have shown that periconceptional use of folic acid, alone or in multivitamin supplements, is effective for the primary prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs). Whether this is true also for other congenital anomalies is a complex issue and the focus of this review. It is useful to consider the evidence not only for specific birth defects separately but, importantly, also for all birth defects combined. For the latter, the Hungarian randomized clinical trial indicated, for periconceptional multivitamin use, a reduction in the risk for all birth defects (odds ratio (OR) = 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.35-0.70), even after excluding NTDs (OR = 0.53, 95% Cl = 0.38-0.75). The Atlanta population-based case-control study, the only large observational study to date on all major birth defects, also found a significant risk reduction for all birth defects (OR = 0.80, 95% Cl = 0.69-0.93) even after excluding NTDs (OR = 0.84, 95% Cl = 0.72-0.97). These and other studies also evaluated specific anomalies, including those of the heart, limb, and urinary tract, as well as orofacial clefts, omphalocele, and imperforate anus. For cardiovascular anomalies, two studies were negative, whereas three, including the randomized clinical trial, suggest a possible 25-50% overall risk reduction, more marked for some conotruncal and septal defects. For orofacial clefts, six of seven case-control studies suggest an apparent reduced risk, which could vary by cleft type and perhaps, according to some investigators, by pill dosage. For limb deficiencies, three case-control studies and the randomized trial estimated approximately a 50% reduced risk. For urinary tract defects, three case-control studies and the randomized trial reported reduced risks, as did one study of nonsyndromic omphalocele. All these studies examined multivitamin supplement use. With respect to folic acid alone, a reduced rate of imperforate anus was observed among folic acid users in China. We discuss key gaps in knowledge, possible avenues for future research, and counseling issues for families concerned about occurrence or recurrence of these birth defects. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger)
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Botto, LD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop E-86,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM LBotto@cdc.gov
NR 47
TC 134
Z9 147
U1 1
U2 10
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET C
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. C
PD FEB 15
PY 2004
VL 125C
IS 1
BP 12
EP 21
DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30004
PG 10
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 769LX
UT WOS:000188652500003
PM 14755429
ER

PT J
AU Rice, C
   Schendel, D
   Cunniff, C
   Doernberg, N
AF Rice, C
   Schendel, D
   Cunniff, C
   Doernberg, N
TI Public health monitoring of developmental disabilities with a focus on
   the autism spectrum disorders
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE developmental disabilities; autism spectrum disorders; surveillance;
   monitoring; tracking; public health
ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; MOLECULAR-GENETICS; EASTERN DENMARK; PREVALENCE;
   CHILDREN; EPIDEMIOLOGY
AB Developmental disabilities (DDs) are conditions characterized by physical, cognitive, psychological, sensory, adaptive, and/or communication impairments manifested during development. Approximately 17% of individuals in the United States 18 years and younger have a DID, and for most children the cause of their condition is unknown. Of particular interest are the autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), characterized by unusual social, communication, and behavioral development. Previously autism was thought to be a rare condition, but the number of children receiving services for an ASD has increased dramatically in the last decade. Concerns about increases in DDs, particularly ASDs, their causes, and the high costs of intervention have highlighted the need for systematic public health monitoring. Service provider data, such as annual reporting of special education services or of state DID programs, do not provide a complete estimate of the rates for DDs, including ASDs. Unlike genetic metabolic disorders or congenital hearing loss (HQ for which newborn screening programs can provide accurate prevalence rates, there are currently no genetic or biologic markers for the ASDs to enable consistent and early identification of affected children. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program (MADDSP) is a model for population monitoring of ASDs/DDs that has been implemented in other states. This article discusses the role of ASD/DD tracking in public health, as well as the challenges of ASD/DD tracking, including case definition and identification, associated conditions, linkages, and data access. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Univ Arizona, Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA.
RP Rice, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-15, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM crice@cdc.gov
RI Rice, Catherine/D-6305-2016
NR 44
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 1
U2 5
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET C
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. C
PD FEB 15
PY 2004
VL 125C
IS 1
BP 22
EP 27
DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30006
PG 6
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 769LX
UT WOS:000188652500004
PM 14755430
ER

PT J
AU Dent, KM
   Kenneson, A
   Palumbos, JC
   Maxwell, S
   Eichwald, J
   White, K
   Mao, R
   Bale, JF
   Carey, JC
AF Dent, KM
   Kenneson, A
   Palumbos, JC
   Maxwell, S
   Eichwald, J
   White, K
   Mao, R
   Bale, JF
   Carey, JC
TI Methodology of a multistate study of congenital hearing loss:
   Preliminary data from Utah newborn screening
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE EHDI; GJB2; deafness; connexin 26; etiology
ID CONNEXIN 26 GENE; DEAFNESS; MUTATIONS; IMPAIRMENT; GUIDELINES; DFNB1;
   FORM
AB A multistate Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) study was designed to investigate the etiology of congenital hearing loss in infants ascertained through state-mandated hearing screening or early hearing loss detection and intervention (EHDI) programs. At least 50% of permanent childhood-onset hearing loss is due to genetic causes, and approximately 20% of all infants with congenital hearing loss have mutations in the GJB2 gene. Another 1% of childhood hearing loss is due to mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) mutations. The specific aims of this study are to 1) classify the etiology of congenital hearing loss in infants by doing prospective genetic evaluations of all newborns with permanent hearing loss from defined geographic areas, 2) determine the frequency of mutations in GJB2 and two common mitochondrial mutations in these populations, and 3)establish a model infrastructure linking genetic services to statewide EHDI programs. As of April 2003, Utah is the only center evaluating patients. Study subjects identified through the Utah Department of Health EHDI program are contacted by letter and offered a comprehensive medical genetics evaluation with DNA testing for GJB2 and mitochondrial mutations A1555G and A7445G. To date, 25 probands and their immediate family members have been evaluated. We have identified 20 cases with nonsyndromic hearing loss(7 multiplex and 13 simplex), 4 with syndromic hearing loss, and 1 with presumed cytomegalovirus (CMV)-induced hearing loss. Six of 19 (32%) nonsyndromic cases with sensorineural hearing loss have mutations of one or both alleles of the GJB2 gene, and 21% are homozygous or compound heterozygotes for the 35delG mutation. No A1555G or A7445G mtDNA mutations have been found. Data reported to date include only children born in Utah, but EHDI programs in Hawaii, Rhode island, and designated areas of Georgia have begun enrolling children in what is now a multistate collaborative study. This is the first comprehensive investigation to determine the etiology of hearing loss from populations ascertained through EHDI programs. The results of this study will facilitate the incorporation of genetic services into EHDI programs. (C) 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
C1 Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Utah, Clin Genet Res Program, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
   Utah Dept Hlth, Child Hlth Adv Records Management Program, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA.
   Utah State Univ, Logan, UT 84322 USA.
   Univ Utah, DNA Diagnost Lab, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA.
RP Dent, KM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, 50 N Med Dr,2C 412 SOM, Salt Lake City, UT 84132 USA.
EM karin.dent@hsc.utah.edu
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR3/CCU818877]
NR 24
TC 17
Z9 20
U1 0
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET C
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. C
PD FEB 15
PY 2004
VL 125C
IS 1
BP 28
EP 34
DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30002
PG 7
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 769LX
UT WOS:000188652500005
PM 14755431
ER

PT J
AU Scheuner, MT
   Yoon, PW
   Khoury, MJ
AF Scheuner, MT
   Yoon, PW
   Khoury, MJ
TI Contribution of mendelian disorders to common chronic disease:
   Opportunities for recognition, intervention, and prevention
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART C-SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS
LA English
DT Article
DE family history; Mendelian disorders; chronic disease; disease prevention
ID BREAST-CANCER; FAMILY-HISTORY; COLORECTAL-CANCER; BRCA2 MUTATION;
   PROPHYLACTIC OOPHORECTOMY; OVARIAN-CANCER; GENETIC RISK; STATEMENT;
   CARRIERS; WOMEN
AB Recognizing Mendelian disorders should improve health care for persons with strong familial risks for common chronic diseases. The Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) database was reviewed to identify Mendelian disorders featuring 17 common chronic diseases, including 9 cardiovascular conditions, diabetes, and 7 common cancers. Mendelian disorders were selected if any one of the 17 diseases was reported in more than two families manifesting in adulthood. Patterns of chronic diseases and modes of inheritance associated with these Mendelian disorders are described. The GeneTests/Reviews database and other websites were reviewed to determine availability of genetic testing and management and prevention recommendations for the selected disorders. Of 2,592 (OMIM) entries reviewed, 188 Mendelian disorders were selected. Most (67.7%) are autosomal dominant disorders. Almost half (45.8%) feature combinations of the chronic diseases under study. At least one gene is known for 68.8% of the selected disorders, and clinical genetic testing is available for 55% of disorders. Guidelines for management and prevention are available for 33.9% of these, ranging from recommendations for supportive care to guidelines for managing affected persons and screening relatives. Significant clinical heterogeneity exists for Mendelian disorders that might present as strong family histories of common chronic diseases. Recognition of the different combinations of diseases within a pedigree, including mode of inheritance and heritable disease risk factors, facilitates diagnosis of these Mendelian disorders. Genetic testing is available for most disorders, which can further clarify the genetic risk, and for some, recommendations for management and prevention are available. However, evidence-based guidelines are needed. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger.
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Scheuner, MT (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth Serv, POB 957772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA.
EM scheuner@ucla.edu
NR 40
TC 26
Z9 27
U1 1
U2 9
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0148-7299
J9 AM J MED GENET C
JI Am. J. Med. Genet. C
PD FEB 15
PY 2004
VL 125C
IS 1
BP 50
EP 65
DI 10.1002/ajmg.c.30008
PG 16
WC Genetics & Heredity
SC Genetics & Heredity
GA 769LX
UT WOS:000188652500008
PM 14755434
ER

PT J
AU Watt, JP
   O'Brien, KL
   Benin, AL
   Whitney, CG
   Robinson, K
   Parkinson, AJ
   Reid, R
   Santosham, M
AF Watt, JP
   O'Brien, KL
   Benin, AL
   Whitney, CG
   Robinson, K
   Parkinson, AJ
   Reid, R
   Santosham, M
TI Invasive pneumococcal disease among Navajo adults, 1989-1998
SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; CONJUGATE VACCINE;
   HIGH-RISK; INFECTIONS; POPULATION; CHILDREN; OPPORTUNITIES;
   EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVENTION
AB Compared with white and black persons in the United States, some Native American groups are at increased risk for invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). To characterize the epidemiology of IPD among Navajo adults, we conducted active surveillance for IPD on the Navajo Nation and reviewed medical records of patients with IPD. For 1997-1998, the annual incidence (cases per 100,000 persons) was 56 for Navajos aged 18-64 years and 190 for Navajos aged greater than or equal to65 years. The corresponding rates were 10 and 57 for white and 44 and 82 for black persons in the United States. The case-fatality rate was 14%. Eighty percent of cases were caused by serotypes included in the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine. Navajo adults have rates of IPD that are 3-5-fold higher than those of the general US population. Additional research is needed to understand the reasons for this elevated risk and to develop prevention strategies.
C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Yale Univ, Sch Med, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, New Haven, CT USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA.
RP Watt, JP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Amer Indian Hlth, 621 N Washington St, Washington, DC 20015 USA.
EM jwatt@jhsph.edu
NR 20
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 1
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 1058-4838
J9 CLIN INFECT DIS
JI Clin. Infect. Dis.
PD FEB 15
PY 2004
VL 38
IS 4
BP 496
EP 501
DI 10.1086/381198
PG 6
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 770RY
UT WOS:000188745700005
PM 14765341
ER

PT J
AU Jennes, W
   Vuylsteke, B
   Borget, MY
   Traore-Ettiegne, V
   Maurice, C
   Nolan, M
   Nkengasong, JN
   Kestens, L
AF Jennes, W
   Vuylsteke, B
   Borget, MY
   Traore-Ettiegne, V
   Maurice, C
   Nolan, M
   Nkengasong, JN
   Kestens, L
TI HIV-specific T helper responses and frequency of exposure among
   HIV-exposed seronegative female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 14th International AIDS Conference
CY JUL 07-12, 2002
CL BARCELONA, SPAIN
ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; I-RESTRICTED PRESENTATION; CELL
   RESPONSES; LYMPHOCYTE-RESPONSES; CORD BLOOD; IFN-GAMMA; INDIVIDUALS;
   INFECTION; PROSTITUTES; MUCOSAL
AB Background. The characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exposure that determine the induction of HIV-specific T cells and, in particular, T helper cells are not well understood.
   Methods. HIV-1 Gag- and Env-specific T helper cells were analyzed by use of an interferon (IFN)-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay and by use of IFN-gamma secretion flow cytometry. Responses among HIV-exposed seronegative (ESN) female sex workers (FSWs) were compared with responses among HIV-seropositive FSWs and HIV-seronegative female blood donors from Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire.
   Results. Low- level ELISPOT responses were detected in 8 (20%) of 40 ESN FSWs. All of 25 HIV-seropositive FSWs had high-level ELISPOT responses. HIV-specific CD4(+) T cells and, occasionally, CD8(+) T cells were detected by secretion flow cytometry in 3 (38%) of 8 ESN FSWs and in 4 (80%) of 5 HIV-seropositive FSWs. ESN FSWs with detectable HIV-specific T helper responses had more clients on the previous working day (P=.02) and more exposures to HIV per month (P=.02) and tended to have a lower total duration of commercial sex work.
   Conclusions. These findings demonstrate that the presence of HIV-specific T helper cells in ESN FSWs is associated with the frequency, rather than the duration, of exposure to HIV. The data may have important implications for the evaluation of HIV vaccine efficacy.
C1 Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Immunol Lab, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
   Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Jennes, W (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Immunol Lab, Natl Str 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
EM wjennes@itg.be
RI Jennes, Wim/M-2523-2013
OI Jennes, Wim/0000-0002-3125-6389
NR 49
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD FEB 15
PY 2004
VL 189
IS 4
BP 602
EP 610
DI 10.1086/381454
PG 9
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 772GF
UT WOS:000188832900006
PM 14767812
ER

PT J
AU Weinberg, GA
   Erdman, DD
   Edwards, KM
   Hall, CB
   Walker, FJ
   Griffin, MR
   Schwartz, B
AF Weinberg, GA
   Erdman, DD
   Edwards, KM
   Hall, CB
   Walker, FJ
   Griffin, MR
   Schwartz, B
CA New Vaccine Surveillance Network S
TI Superiority of reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to
   conventional viral culture in the diagnosis of acute respiratory tract
   infections in children
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America
CY OCT 24-27, 2002
CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS
SP Infectious Dis Soc Amer
ID REPLACE CELL-CULTURE; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; VIROLOGY
   LABORATORIES/; MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES; PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS; INFLUENZA;
   ILLNESS; PCR; HOSPITALIZATIONS
AB We compared the rates of detection of respiratory viruses by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and by conventional viral culture in 668 combined nasal and throat samples from a prospective, multicenter, population-based study of acute respiratory tract infections among hospitalized children aged <5 years. RT-PCR increased the yield of viral identification by 2-fold, compared with that of culture alone. The increased sensitivity of viral detection by RT-PCR will yield better estimates of the population burden of viral respiratory infections.
C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis,Pediat HIV Program, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
   Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
   Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA.
RP Weinberg, GA (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis,Pediat HIV Program, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 690, Rochester, NY 14642 USA.
EM geoff_weinberg@urmc.rochester.edu
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U38/CCU 217969, U38/CCU 417958]
NR 19
TC 149
Z9 153
U1 1
U2 4
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD FEB 15
PY 2004
VL 189
IS 4
BP 706
EP 710
DI 10.1086/381456
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 772GF
UT WOS:000188832900019
PM 14767825
ER

PT J
AU McGregor, KF
   Bilek, N
   Bennett, A
   Kalia, A
   Beall, B
   Carapetis, JR
   Currie, BJ
   Sriprakash, KS
   Spratt, BG
   Bessen, DE
AF McGregor, KF
   Bilek, N
   Bennett, A
   Kalia, A
   Beall, B
   Carapetis, JR
   Currie, BJ
   Sriprakash, KS
   Spratt, BG
   Bessen, DE
TI Group A streptococci from a remote community have novel multilocus
   genotypes but share emm types and housekeeping alleles with isolates
   from worldwide sources
SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 6th American-Society-for-Microbiology Conference on Streptococcal
   Genetics
CY APR 14-17, 2002
CL ASHEVILLE, NORTH CAROLINA
SP Amer Soc Microbiol
ID M-PROTEIN; HYPERVARIABLE REGION; GENETIC DIVERSITY; INFECTIONS;
   PYOGENES; SKIN; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION; BINDING
AB Group A streptococci (GAS) cause several human diseases that differentially affect distinct host populations. Genotypes were defined by multilocus sequence typing and emm typing for 137 organisms collected from individuals in a remote aboriginal island community in tropical Australia and compared with 1200 isolates obtained from sources elsewhere in the world. The majority of aboriginal-derived isolates shared emm types and housekeeping alleles with GAS isolates recovered from outside Australia, but these emm types and alleles were in novel combinations. There were many examples in which isolates from aboriginal and non-Australian subjects shared the same emm type, but for similar to50% of emm types, the multilocus genotypes of isolates of the same emm type but from different regions were very different. A single emm type may typically define a single clone within the United States and on the remote island that is the focus of this study, but in many cases, these clones will be different, and this finding has implications for attempts to make global associations between emm types and certain disease manifestations.
C1 New York Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
   Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England.
   Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Melbourne, Dept Paediat, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia.
   Royal Childrens Hosp, Murdoch Childrens Res Inst, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia.
   Flinders Univ S Australia, Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Darwin, NT, Australia.
   Flinders Univ S Australia, No Terr Clin Sch, Darwin, NT, Australia.
   Queensland Inst Med Res, Brisbane, Qld 4006, Australia.
RP Bessen, DE (reprint author), New York Med Coll, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA.
EM debra_bessen@nymc.edu
RI Spratt, Brian/A-1676-2009; 
OI Sriprakash, Kadaba/0000-0001-7844-323X
FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM 60793]
NR 39
TC 27
Z9 29
U1 0
U2 1
PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS
PI CHICAGO
PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA
SN 0022-1899
J9 J INFECT DIS
JI J. Infect. Dis.
PD FEB 15
PY 2004
VL 189
IS 4
BP 717
EP 723
DI 10.1086/381452
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology
GA 772GF
UT WOS:000188832900021
PM 14767827
ER

PT J
AU Antonini, JM
   Taylor, MD
   Zimmer, AT
   Roberts, JR
AF Antonini, JM
   Taylor, MD
   Zimmer, AT
   Roberts, JR
TI Pulmonary responses to welding fumes: Role of metal constituents
SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A-CURRENT ISSUES
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology
CY MAR   12, 2003
CL Lake city, UT
SP Soc Toxicol
ID OIL FLY-ASH; STAINLESS-STEEL WELDERS; MILD-STEEL; LUNG-CANCER; ARC
   WELDERS; SHIPYARD WORKERS; PARTICLES; HEALTH; MORTALITY; CHROMIUM
AB It is estimated that more than 1 million workers worldwide perform some type of welding as part of their work duties. Epidemiology studies have shown that a large number of welders experience some type of respiratory illness. Respiratory effects seen in full-time welders have included bronchitis, siderosis, asthma, and a possible increase in the incidence of lung cancer. Pulmonary infections are increased in terms of severity, duration, and frequency among welders. Inhalation exposure to welding fumes may vary due to differences in the materials used and methods employed. The chemical properties of welding fumes can be quite complex. Most welding materials are alloy mixtures of metals characterized by different steels that may contain iron, manganese, chromium, and nickel. Animal studies have indicated that the presence and combination of different metal constituents is an important determinant in the potential pneumotoxic responses associated with welding fumes. Animal models have demonstrated that stainless steel (SS) welding fumes, which contain significant levels of nickel and chromium, induce more lung injury and inflammation, and are retained in the longs longer than mild steel (MS) welding fumes, which contain mostly iron. In addition, SS fumes generated from welding processes using fluxes to protect the resulting weld contain elevated levels of soluble metals, which may affect respiratory health. Recent animal studies have indicated that the lung injury and inflammation induced by SS welding fumes that contain water-soluble metals are dependent on both the soluble and insoluble fractions of the fume. This article reviews the role that metals play in the pulmonary effects associated with welding fume exposure in workers and laboratory animals.
C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
   NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP Antonini, JM (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S 2015, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA.
EM jga6@cdc.gov
NR 60
TC 84
Z9 90
U1 1
U2 8
PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA
SN 1528-7394
J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A
JI J. Toxicol. Env. Health Part A
PD FEB 13
PY 2004
VL 67
IS 3
BP 233
EP 249
DI 10.1080/15287390490266909
PG 17
WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health;
   Toxicology
SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health; Toxicology
GA 802BG
UT WOS:000220138400005
PM 14681078
ER

PT J
AU Holmberg, SD
   Moorman, AC
   Greenberg, AE
AF Holmberg, SD
   Moorman, AC
   Greenberg, AE
TI Trends in rates of myocardial infarction among patients with HIV
SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; THERAPY; RISK
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Holmberg, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM sdh1@cdc.gov
NR 5
TC 25
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM
PI WALTHAM
PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA
SN 0028-4793
J9 NEW ENGL J MED
JI N. Engl. J. Med.
PD FEB 12
PY 2004
VL 350
IS 7
BP 730
EP 732
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 772YB
UT WOS:000188869500024
PM 14960752
ER

PT J
AU Wright, J
   Likos, A
   Bhat, N
AF Wright, J
   Likos, A
   Bhat, N
CA CDC
TI Update: Influenza-associated deaths reported among children aged < 18
   years - United States, 2003-04 influenza season (Reprinted from MMWR,
   vol 52, pg 1254-1255, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID VIRUS
C1 CDC, Influenza Response Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Wright, J (reprint author), CDC, Influenza Response Team, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD FEB 11
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 6
BP 688
EP 688
PG 1
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 772AY
UT WOS:000188819200010
ER

PT J
AU Goulding, MR
AF Goulding, MR
TI Inappropriate medication prescribing for elderly ambulatory care
   patients
SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 129th Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association
CY OCT 21-25, 2001
CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA
SP Amer Publ Hlth Assoc
ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; DRUG-USE; PRESCRIPTION MEDICATIONS;
   EXPLICIT CRITERIA; OLDER PERSONS; POPULATION; GENDER; APPROPRIATENESS;
   PATTERNS
AB Background: Inappropriate medication use in elderly patients has been linked to a large share of adverse drug reactions and to excess health care utilization.
   Methods: Trends in the prevalence of potentially inappropriate drug prescribing at ambulatory care visits by elderly persons from 1995 to 20,00 were examined with data from office-based physicians in the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and from hospital outpatient departments in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Explicit criteria were used to identify potentially inappropriate prescribing. Multivariate regression was used to identify related factors.
   Results: In 1995 and 2000, at least 1 drug considered inappropriate by the Beers expert panel was prescribed at 7.8% of ambulatory care visits by elderly patients. At least 1 drug classified as never or rarely appropriate by the Zhan expert panel was prescribed at 3.7% and 3.8% of these visits in 1995 and 2000, respectively. Pain relievers and central nervous system drugs were a large share of the problem. The odds of potentially inappropriate prescribing were higher for visits with multiple drugs and double for female visits. The latter was due to more prescribing of potentially inappropriate pain relievers and central nervous system drugs.
   Conclusions: Potentially inappropriate prescribing at ambulatory care visits by elderly patients, particularly women, remains a substantial problem. Interventions could target more appropriate drug selection by physicians when prescribing pain relievers, antianxiety agents, sedatives, and antidepressants to elderly patients. Such behavior could eliminate a large portion of inappropriate prescribing for elderly patients and reduce its higher risk for women.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
RP Goulding, MR (reprint author), 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6228, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA.
EM mgoulding@cdc.gov
NR 47
TC 157
Z9 161
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0003-9926
J9 ARCH INTERN MED
JI Arch. Intern. Med.
PD FEB 9
PY 2004
VL 164
IS 3
BP 305
EP 312
DI 10.1001/archinte.164.3.305
PG 8
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 771JQ
UT WOS:000188782200011
PM 14769626
ER

PT J
AU Schmid, GP
   Buve, A
   Mugyenyi, P
   Garnett, GP
   Hayes, RJ
   Williams, BG
   Calleja, JG
   De Cock, KM
   Whitworth, JA
   Kapiga, SH
   Ghys, PD
   Hankins, C
   Zaba, B
   Helmer, R
   Boerma, JT
AF Schmid, GP
   Buve, A
   Mugyenyi, P
   Garnett, GP
   Hayes, RJ
   Williams, BG
   Calleja, JG
   De Cock, KM
   Whitworth, JA
   Kapiga, SH
   Ghys, PD
   Hankins, C
   Zaba, B
   Helmer, R
   Boerma, JT
TI Transmission of HIV-1 infection in sub-Saharan Africa and effect of
   elimination of unsafe injections
SO LANCET
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS; SOUTH-WEST UGANDA;
   MOTHER-TO-CHILD; MALE CIRCUMCISION; RURAL-POPULATION; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR;
   COTE-DIVOIRE; DRUG-USERS; PREVALENCE
AB During the past year, a group has argued that unsafe injections are a major if not the main mode of HIV-1 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. We review the main arguments used to question the epidemiological interpretations on the lead role of unsafe sex in HIV-1 transmission, and conclude there is no compelling evidence that unsafe injections are a predominant mode of HIV-1 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. Conversely, though there is a clear need to eliminate all unsafe injections, epidemiological evidence indicates that sexual transmission continues to be by far the major mode of spread of HIV-1 in the region. Increased efforts are needed to reduce sexual transmission of HIV-1.
C1 WHO, Dept HIV AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
   Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium.
   Joint Clin Res Ctr, Kampala, Uganda.
   Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England.
   London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1, England.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   UNAIDS, Geneva, Switzerland.
   Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA.
RP Schmid, GP (reprint author), WHO, Dept HIV AIDS, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
EM schmidg@who.int
RI Garnett, Geoffrey/A-9312-2008; 
OI Hankins, Catherine/0000-0002-1642-8592; Hayes,
   Richard/0000-0002-1729-9892
NR 62
TC 101
Z9 101
U1 0
U2 5
PU LANCET LTD
PI LONDON
PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND
SN 0140-6736
J9 LANCET
JI Lancet
PD FEB 7
PY 2004
VL 363
IS 9407
BP 482
EP 488
DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15497-4
PG 7
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 774RX
UT WOS:000188999500025
PM 14962531
ER

PT J
AU Ellenberger, D
   Li, B
   Smith, J
   Yi, H
   Folks, T
   Robinson, H
   Butera, S
AF Ellenberger, D
   Li, B
   Smith, J
   Yi, H
   Folks, T
   Robinson, H
   Butera, S
TI Optimization of a multi-gene HIV-1 recombinant subtype CRF02_AG DNA
   vaccine for expression of multiple immunogenic forms
SO VIROLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE HIV-like particles; VLP; HIV-1 DNA vaccine; protease mutation; CRF02_AG
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES;
   WEST-CENTRAL-AFRICA; RHESUS-MONKEYS; GENETIC IMMUNIZATION; MUTATIONAL
   ANALYSIS; PARTICLE FORMATION; VIRAL INFECTIVITY; CELLULAR-IMMUNITY; SIV
   CHALLENGE
AB We developed an AIDS vaccine for Western and West-Central Africa based on a DNA plasmid vector expressing HIV-1 recombinant subtype CRF02_AG gag, pol, and env genes. To optimize the production of noninfectious HIV-Iike particles (VLPs) and potentially improve the effectiveness of the vaccine, we generated four potential vaccine constructs: the parental (IC2) and three modifications (IC25, IC48, and IC90) containing mutations within the HIV protease. While the parental construct IC2 expressed aggregates of Gag proteins, the IC25 construct resulted in the production of immature VLPs (the core comprises unprocessed Pr(55Gag)). The remaining two constructs (IC48 and IC90) produced mature VLPs (the core comprises processed capsid p24) in addition to immature VLPs and aggregates of Gag proteins. VLPs incorporated significant levels of mature gp120 envelope glycoprotein. Importantly, the mature VLPs were fusion competent and entered coreceptor-specific target cells. The production of multiple antigenic forms, including fusion-competent VLPs, by candidate DNA vaccine constructs may provide immunologic advantages for induction of protective cellular and Immoral responses against HIV-1 proteins. (C) Published by Elsevier Inc.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Promate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Emory Neurol Microscopy Core Lab, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
RP Ellenberger, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,Publ Hlth Serv, Mail Stop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM dellenberger@cdc.gov
NR 54
TC 14
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0042-6822
J9 VIROLOGY
JI Virology
PD FEB 5
PY 2004
VL 319
IS 1
BP 118
EP 130
DI 10.1016/j.virol.2003.10.013
PG 13
WC Virology
SC Virology
GA 809QS
UT WOS:000220651800011
PM 14967493
ER

PT J
CA US Dept Agr
   US Food Drug Adm
   CDC
TI Bovine spongiform encephalopathy in a dairy cow - Washington State, 2003
   (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 1280-1285, 2004)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
   Food Safety & Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
   CDC, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA.
RP Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA.
NR 1
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA
SN 0098-7484
EI 1538-3598
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD FEB 4
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 5
BP 553
EP 555
PG 3
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 769LC
UT WOS:000188650700006
ER

PT J
AU Moore, KR
   Harwell, TS
   McDowall, JM
   Helgerson, SD
   Gohdes, D
   Burrows, NR
AF Moore, KR
   Harwell, TS
   McDowall, JM
   Helgerson, SD
   Gohdes, D
   Burrows, NR
TI Diabetes among young American Indians - Montana and Wyoming, 2000-2002
   (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 1127-1129, 2003)
SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
LA English
DT Reprint
ID PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; YOUTH
C1 Billings Area Indian Hlth Svc, Billings, MT USA.
   Montana Dept Publ Hlth & Human Svcs, Helena, MT 59604 USA.
   CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Moore, KR (reprint author), Billings Area Indian Hlth Svc, Billings, MT USA.
NR 11
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0098-7484
J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC
JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc.
PD FEB 4
PY 2004
VL 291
IS 5
BP 555
EP 556
PG 2
WC Medicine, General & Internal
SC General & Internal Medicine
GA 769LC
UT WOS:000188650700007
ER

PT J
AU Sun, SS
   Chumlea, WC
   Heymsfield, SB
   Lukaski, HC
   Schoeller, D
   Friedl, K
   Kuczmarski, RJ
   Hubbard, VS
   Flegal, KM
   Johnson, CL
AF Sun, SS
   Chumlea, WC
   Heymsfield, SB
   Lukaski, HC
   Schoeller, D
   Friedl, K
   Kuczmarski, RJ
   Hubbard, VS
   Flegal, KM
   Johnson, CL
TI Bioelectrical impedance analysis for predicting body composition: what
   about the external validity of new regression equations? Reply to U
   Trippo et al
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
LA English
DT Letter
ID VALIDATION; CHILDREN
C1 Lifespan Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Community Hlth, Dayton, OH 45420 USA.
   St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY USA.
   USDA ARS, Grand Forks, ND USA.
   Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA.
   Mil Operat Med Program, Frederick, MD USA.
   NIDDKD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA.
RP Friedl, K (reprint author), Lifespan Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Community Hlth, 3171 Res Blvd, Dayton, OH 45420 USA.
EM shumei.sun@wright.ed
RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013
NR 9
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION
PI BETHESDA
PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998
   USA
SN 0002-9165
J9 AM J CLIN NUTR
JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 79
IS 2
BP 336
EP 337
PG 2
WC Nutrition & Dietetics
SC Nutrition & Dietetics
GA 767KN
UT WOS:000188438900026
ER

PT J
AU Kleinman, K
   Lazarus, R
   Platt, R
AF Kleinman, K
   Lazarus, R
   Platt, R
TI A generalized linear mixed models approach for detecting incident
   clusters of disease in small areas, with an application to biological
   terrorism
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE bioterrorism; communicable diseases; epidemiologic methods; generalized
   linear mixed model; population surveillance; spatial analysis
ID SURVEILLANCE; RECORDS
AB Since the intentional dissemination of anthrax through the US postal system in the fall of 2001, there has been increased interest in surveillance for detection of biological terrorism. More generally, this could be described as the detection of incident disease clusters. In addition, the advent of affordable and quick geocoding allows for surveillance on a finer spatial scale than has been possible in the past. Surveillance for incident clusters of disease in both time and space is a relatively undeveloped arena of statistical methodology. Surveillance for bioterrorism detection, in particular, raises unique issues with methodological relevance. For example, the bioterrorism agents of greatest concern cause initial symptoms that may be difficult to distinguish from those of naturally occurring disease. In this paper, the authors propose a general approach to evaluating whether observed counts in relatively small areas are larger than would be expected on the basis of a history of naturally occurring disease. They implement the approach using generalized linear mixed models. The approach is illustrated using data on health-care visits (1996-1999) from a large Massachusetts managed care organization/multispecialty practice group in the context of syndromic surveillance for anthrax. The authors argue that there is great value in using the geographic data.
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA.
   Harvard Vanguard Med Associates, Boston, MA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Eastern Massachusetts Prevent Epictr, Boston, MA USA.
   HMO Res Network, Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Boston, MA USA.
   Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
RP Kleinman, K (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM ken@hsph.harvard.edu
OI lazarus, ross/0000-0003-3939-1961
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU115709, U90/CCU116997]
NR 20
TC 94
Z9 99
U1 0
U2 8
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
EI 1476-6256
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD FEB 1
PY 2004
VL 159
IS 3
BP 217
EP 224
DI 10.1093/aje/kwh029
PG 8
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 769FC
UT WOS:000188614900001
PM 14742279
ER

PT J
AU Kleinman, K
   Lazarus, R
   Platt, R
AF Kleinman, K
   Lazarus, R
   Platt, R
TI Surveilling surveillance - Some statistical comments - Response
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
   Harvard Vanguard Med Associates, Boston, MA USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Eastern Massachusetts Prevent Epictr, Boston, MA USA.
   HMO Res Network, Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Boston, MA USA.
   Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA.
   Univ Sydney, Sch Publ Hlth, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
RP Kleinman, K (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA.
EM ken_kleinman@harvardpilgrim.org
NR 3
TC 1
Z9 1
U1 0
U2 1
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD FEB 1
PY 2004
VL 159
IS 3
BP 228
EP 228
DI 10.1093/aje/kwh031
PG 1
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 769FC
UT WOS:000188614900003
ER

PT J
AU Warner, L
   Newman, DR
   Austin, HD
   Kamb, ML
   Douglas, JM
   Malotte, CK
   Zenilman, JM
   Rogers, J
   Bolan, G
   Fishbein, M
   Kleinbaum, DG
   Macaluso, M
   Peterman, TA
AF Warner, L
   Newman, DR
   Austin, HD
   Kamb, ML
   Douglas, JM
   Malotte, CK
   Zenilman, JM
   Rogers, J
   Bolan, G
   Fishbein, M
   Kleinbaum, DG
   Macaluso, M
   Peterman, TA
CA Project RESPECT Study Grp
TI Condom effectiveness for reducing transmission of gonorrhea and
   chlamydia: The importance of assessing partner infection status
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE chlamydia; contraceptive devices, male; gonorrhea; HIV infections;
   sexual behavior; sexually transmitted diseases
ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FEMALE SEX
   WORKERS; TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; CHEMICAL
   BARRIERS; HETEROSEXUAL MEN; RISK-REDUCTION; PREVENTION; WOMEN
AB This analysis examined the importance of differential exposure to infected partners in epidemiologic studies of latex condom effectiveness for prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Cross-sectional, enrollment visit data were analyzed from Project RESPECT, a trial of counseling interventions conducted at five publicly funded US sexually transmitted disease clinics between 1993 and 1997. The association between consistent condom use in the previous 3 months and prevalent gonorrhea and chlamydia (Gc/Ct) was compared between participants known to have infected partners and participants whose partner infection status was unknown. Among 429 participants with known Gc/Ct exposure, consistent condom use was associated with a significant reduction in prevalent gonorrhea and chlamydia (30% vs. 43%; adjusted prevalence odds ratio = 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.18, 0.99). Among 4,314 participants with unknown Gc/Ct exposure, consistent condom use was associated with a lower reduction in prevalent gonorrhea and chlamydia (24% vs. 25%; adjusted prevalence odds ratio = 0.82, 95% confidence interval: 0.66, 1.01). The number of unprotected sex acts was significantly associated with infection when exposure was known (p for trend < 0.01) but not when exposure was unknown (p for trend = 0.73). Restricting analyses to participants with known exposure to infected partners provides a feasible and efficient mechanism for reducing confounding from differential exposure to infected partners in condom effectiveness studies.
C1 CDC, NCHSTP, Off Commun, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Denver Dept Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA.
   Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Hlth Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA.
   Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   Newark Dept Publ Hlth, Newark, NJ USA.
   San Francisco Dept Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA.
   Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Annenberg Publ Policy Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Warner, L (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, Off Commun, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-07,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM dlw7@cdc.gov
RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015
OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690
NR 60
TC 87
Z9 87
U1 3
U2 7
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
PI CARY
PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA
SN 0002-9262
J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL
JI Am. J. Epidemiol.
PD FEB 1
PY 2004
VL 159
IS 3
BP 242
EP 251
DI 10.1093/aje/kwh044
PG 10
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 769FC
UT WOS:000188614900006
PM 14742284
ER

PT J
AU Ruder, AM
   Ward, EM
   Dong, M
   Okun, AH
   Davis-King, K
AF Ruder, AM
   Ward, EM
   Dong, M
   Okun, AH
   Davis-King, K
TI Mortality patterns among workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced
   plastic boatbuilding industry: An update
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE styrene; reinforced plastic industry; leukemia; cancer mortality; cohort
   mortality study; urinary tract cancer
ID TABLE ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SHORT-TERM WORKERS; SAFETY-AND-HEALTH;
   UNITED-STATES; MANUFACTURING-INDUSTRY; COMPOSITES INDUSTRY; CANCER;
   COHORT; DISEASES; INSTITUTE
AB Background Mortality was updated through 1998 for 5,204 workers exposed to styrene between 1959 and 1978 at two reinforced plastic boatbuilding plants. The a priori hypothesis: leukemia and lymphoma excesses would be found.
   Methods Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) used Washington State and U.S. rates.
   Results Overall, 860 deaths occurred (SMR 1.09, CI 1.02-1.17), with excess mortality for esophageal cancer (n = 12, SMR 2.30, Cl 1.19-4.02), prostate cancer (n = 24, SMR 1.71, CI 1.09-2.54), and accidents (n = 99, SMR 1.26, CI 1.02-1.53). Among 2,062 highly exposed workers, urinary tract cancer (n = 6, SMR 3.44, CI 1.26-7.50) and respiratory disease (n = 12, SMR 2.54, CI 1.31-4.44) rates were elevated. Urinary tract cancer SMR increased with duration of employment.
   Conclusions We found no excess leukemia or lymphoma mortality. Unanticipated excess urinary tract cancer and respiratory disease mortality, possibly associated with styrene exposure, are difficult to interpret and could be chance findings. Published 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger).
C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
RP Ruder, AM (reprint author), NIOSH, Mailstop R-16,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
EM amr2@cdc.gov
RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012
OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664
NR 45
TC 31
Z9 31
U1 1
U2 3
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0271-3586
J9 AM J IND MED
JI Am. J. Ind. Med.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 45
IS 2
BP 165
EP 176
DI 10.1002/ajim.10349
PG 12
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 771JL
UT WOS:000188781800005
PM 14748047
ER

PT J
AU Silver, SR
   Rinsky, RA
   Cooper, SP
   Hornung, RW
   Lai, DJ
AF Silver, SR
   Rinsky, RA
   Cooper, SP
   Hornung, RW
   Lai, DJ
TI Re: Effect of follow-up time on risk estimates: A longitudinal
   examination of the relative risks of leukemia and multiple myeloma in a
   rubber hydrochloride cohort, Am J Ind Med 42 : 481-489, 2002
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
LA English
DT Letter
C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
   Texas A&M Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Bryan, TX USA.
   Univ Cincinnati, Inst Hlth Policy & Hlth Serv Res, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA.
   Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA.
RP Silver, SR (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA.
EM zre4@cdc.gov
OI Silver, Sharon/0000-0002-7679-5028
NR 4
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 0
U2 0
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 0271-3586
J9 AM J IND MED
JI Am. J. Ind. Med.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 45
IS 2
BP 224
EP 225
DI 10.1002/ajim.10328
PG 2
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 771JL
UT WOS:000188781800013
ER

PT J
AU Kim, C
   Williamson, DF
   Herman, WH
   Safford, MM
   Selby, JV
   Marrero, DG
   Curb, JD
   Thompson, TJ
   Narayan, KMV
   Mangione, CM
AF Kim, C
   Williamson, DF
   Herman, WH
   Safford, MM
   Selby, JV
   Marrero, DG
   Curb, JD
   Thompson, TJ
   Narayan, KMV
   Mangione, CM
CA TRIAD Study Grp
TI Referral management and the care of patients with diabetes: The
   Translating Research into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) study
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT 63rd Scientific Sessions of the American-Diabetes-Association
CY JUN 13-17, 2003
CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA
SP Amer Diabet Assoc
ID HEALTH SURVEY; GATEKEEPER; EXPENDITURES; SPECIALISTS; PHYSICIANS;
   SERVICES; PATTERNS; VALIDITY; ADULTS; ACCESS
AB Objective: To examine the effect of referral management on diabetes care.
   Study Design: Cross-sectional analysis.
   Patients and Methods: Translating Research Into Action for Diabetes (TRIAD) is a multicenter study of managed care enrollees with diabetes. Prospective referral management was defined as "gatekeeping" and mandatory preauthorization from a utilization management office, and retrospective referral management as referral profiling and appropriateness reviews. Outcomes included dilated eve exam; self-reported visit to specialists; and perception of difficulty in getting referrals. Hierarchical models adjusted for clustering and patient age, gender, race, ethnicity, type and duration of diabetes treatment, education, income, health status, and comorbidity.
   Results: Referral management was commonly used by health plans (55%) and provider groups (52%). In adjusted analyses, we found no association between any referral management strategies and any of the outcome measures.
   Conclusions: Referral management does not appear to have an impact on referrals or perception of referrals related to diabetes care.
C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med & Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA USA.
   Pacific Hlth Res Inst, Honolulu, HI USA.
   Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Diabet Translat Res Ctr, Indianapolis, IN USA.
   Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA.
   Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Med, Div Gen Med, Newark, NJ 07103 USA.
   Univ Michigan, Dept Med, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Michigan, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
RP Kim, C (reprint author), 300 N Ingalls Bldg,Room 7C13, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA.
EM cathkim@umich.edu
RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012
OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405
FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU516410-02]
NR 32
TC 10
Z9 10
U1 3
U2 4
PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY
PI JAMESBURG
PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA
SN 1088-0224
J9 AM J MANAG CARE
JI Am. J. Manag. Care
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 137
EP 143
PN 2
PG 7
WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine,
   General & Internal
SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine
GA 775PD
UT WOS:000189049200005
PM 15005506
ER

PT J
AU Gissler, M
   Berg, C
   Bouvier-Colle, MH
   Buekens, P
AF Gissler, M
   Berg, C
   Bouvier-Colle, MH
   Buekens, P
TI Pregnancy-associated mortality after birth, spontaneous abortion, or
   induced abortion in Finland, 1987-2000
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE cancer; diseases of circulatory system; induced abortion;
   pregnancy-associated death; register study; spontaneous abortion
ID MATERNAL MORTALITY; DATA QUALITY; SELECTION; DEATHS; PROTECTION;
   MARRIAGE; FRANCE
AB Objective: To test the hypothesis that pregnant and recently pregnant women enjoy a "healthy pregnant women effect," we compared the all natural cause mortality rates for women who were pregnant or within 1 year of pregnancy termination with all other women of reproductive age.
   Study design: This is a population-based, retrospective cohort study from Finland for a 14-year period, 1987 to 2000. Information on all deaths of women aged 15 to 49 years in Finland (n = 15,823) was received from the Cause-of-Death Register and linked to the Medical Birth Register (n = 865,988 live births and stillbirths), the Register on Induced Abortions (n = 156,789 induced abortions), and the Hospital Discharge Register (n = 118,490 spontaneous abortions) to identify pregnancy-associated deaths (n = 419).
   Results: The age-adjusted mortality rate for women during pregnancy and within 1 year of pregnancy termination was 36.7 deaths per 100,000 pregnancies, which was significantly lower than the mortality rate among nonpregnant women, 57.0 per 100,000 person-years (relative risk [RR] 0.64, 95% CI 0.58-0.71). The mortality was lower after a birth (28.2/100,000) than after a spontaneous (51.9/100,000) or induced abortion (83.1/100,000). We observed a significant increase in the risk of death from cerebrovascular diseases after delivery among women aged 15 to 24 years (RR 4.08, 95% CI 1.58-10.55).
   Conclusion: Our study supports the healthy pregnant woman effect for all pregnancies, including those not ending in births. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES, Informat Div, Helsinki, Finland.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA.
   INSERM, U 149, Epidemiol Res Unit Perinatal & Womens Hlth, Paris, France.
   Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA.
RP Gissler, M (reprint author), Natl Res & Dev Ctr Welf & Hlth, STAKES, Informat Div, POB 220, Helsinki, Finland.
EM mika.gissler@stakes.fi
NR 25
TC 36
Z9 38
U1 1
U2 2
PU MOSBY, INC
PI ST LOUIS
PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA
SN 0002-9378
J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL
JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 190
IS 2
BP 422
EP 427
DI 10.1016/j.ajog.2003.08.044
PG 6
WC Obstetrics & Gynecology
SC Obstetrics & Gynecology
GA 778PT
UT WOS:000189250500021
PM 14981384
ER

PT J
AU Brown, DW
   Croft, JB
   Schenck, AP
   Malarcher, AM
   Giles, WH
   Simpson, RJ
AF Brown, DW
   Croft, JB
   Schenck, AP
   Malarcher, AM
   Giles, WH
   Simpson, RJ
TI Inpatient smoking-cessation counseling and all-cause mortality among the
   elderly
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL;
   CIGARETTE-SMOKING; HOSPITALIZED SMOKERS; STOPPING SMOKING;
   AMERICAN-COLLEGE; PROGRAM; QUALITY; INTERVENTION; RELIABILITY
AB Background: Although smoking cessation is essential to the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), prevalence and benefits of smoking-cessation counseling in the inpatient setting are not well described among older adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate associations between inpatient smoking-cessation counseling and 5-year all-cause mortality among older adults hospitalized with AMI.
   Methods: The Cooperative Cardiovascular Project (January 1994 July 1995) included 788 Medicare beneficiaries aged greater than or equal to65 years who were current smokers, admitted to acute care facilities in North Carolina with confirmed AMI, and discharged alive. Information on smoking-cessation advice or counseling prior to discharge was abstracted from medical records. Associations of counseling with 5-year risk of death were assessed with multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression.
   Results: Smoking-cessation counseling was provided to 40% of AMI patients before discharge. Women (p =0.06) and blacks (p =0.02) were less likely to receive counseling. Counseling was associated with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p =0.01). Increasing age, discharge to a skilled nursing facility, and histories of hypertension, heart failure, or stroke were associated with no counseling (p <0.05, all cause). Age-adjusted mortality rates (per 1000 enrollees) at 5 years were 488.3 for patients who were given counseling compared to 579.3 for patients without counseling. After adjustment for age, race, gender, prior histories of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Killip class III or IV, and discharge to a skilled nursing facility; inpatient counseling remained associated with improved survival (relative hazard, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.63-0.97).
   Conclusions: Inpatient counseling on smoking cessation is suboptimal among older smokers hospitalized with AMI. Even without confirmation of actual cessation, these data suggest that provision of smoking-cessation advice or counseling has a major impact on survival of older adults.
C1 Med Review N Carolina, Cary, NC USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA.
RP Brown, DW (reprint author), Med Review N Carolina, POB 37309, Raleigh, NC 27627 USA.
EM zyi3@cdc.gov
FU PHS HHS [500-99-NC03]
NR 34
TC 29
Z9 29
U1 1
U2 4
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 26
IS 2
BP 112
EP 118
DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.10.004
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA 768DM
UT WOS:000188513000003
PM 14751321
ER

PT J
AU Herrington, JE
AF Herrington, JE
TI Risk perceptions regarding ticks and Lyme disease - A national survey
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; NEW-JERSEY; REPELLENTS
AB Background: Lyme disease (LD) is caused by the tickborne bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and, in 2000, accounted for >90% of all reported cases of vectorborne illness in the United States. Aside from anecdotal and indirect evidence, little empirical evidence exists regarding what the U.S. public knows, says, or does about preventing LD.
   Objectives: To examine knowledge, perceptions, and practices regarding prevention of tick bites and LD.
   Methods: In 1998, a random-digit-dial frame was used to collect a cross-sectional sample (n =1500) from the 48 coterminous states plus the District of Columbia, and an over-sample (n =250) from six states with the highest incidence of LD.
   Results: Forty percent of respondents reported doing something to avoid being bitten by ticks. Less than half (41%) used insect repellent. Ninety-two percent of those who had heard about LD stated their likelihood of ever getting the disease was less than or equal to50 on a 100-point scale (mean=29; standard deviation, 23.5). Being somewhat to very concerned about being bitten by ticks was strongly associated with taking preventive measures (odds ratio, 8.34; 95% confidence interval, 6.29-11.06).
   Conclusions: Having seen ticks, being concerned about being bitten, perceiving insect repellent to be effective, having heard about LD, and knowing someone who had LD are the factors most predictive of specific tick-bite preventive behaviors (p <0.001). However, greater efforts are needed in promoting the effectiveness and safety of DEET-containing insect repellents.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Herrington, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, MS D-69,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM jherrington@cdc.gov
FU PHS HHS [98FED12002]
NR 31
TC 35
Z9 35
U1 0
U2 10
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
PI NEW YORK
PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA
SN 0749-3797
J9 AM J PREV MED
JI Am. J. Prev. Med.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 26
IS 2
BP 135
EP 140
DI 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.10.010
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General &
   Internal
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine
GA 768DM
UT WOS:000188513000007
PM 14751325
ER

PT J
AU Fagan, P
   King, G
   Lawrence, D
   Petrucci, SA
   Robinson, RG
   Banks, D
   Marable, S
   Grana, R
AF Fagan, P
   King, G
   Lawrence, D
   Petrucci, SA
   Robinson, RG
   Banks, D
   Marable, S
   Grana, R
TI Eliminating tobacco-related health disparities: Directions for future
   research
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
LA English
DT Article
ID HARM REDUCTION; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; SMOKING; INTERVENTIONS; STRATEGIES;
   NICOTINE; USERS
AB Certain groups in the United States remain at high risk and suffer disproportionately from tobacco-related illness and death despite progress made in reducing tobacco use. To address gaps in research on tobacco-related disparities and develop a comprehensive agenda aimed at reducing such disparities, representatives from funding agencies, community-based organizations, and academic institutions convened at the National Conference on Tobacco and Health Disparities in 2002. Conference participants reviewed the current research, identified existing gaps, and prioritized scientific recommendations. Panel discussions were organized to address research areas affecting underserved and understudied populations. We report major research recommendations made by the conference participants in several scientific domains. These recommendations will ultimately help guide the field in reducing and eliminating tobacco-related disparities in the United States.
C1 NCI, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Penn State Univ, Dept Behav Hlth, State Coll, PA USA.
   NCI, Risk Factor Monitoring & Methods Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
   Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Hlth Evaluat & Learning Profess, Washington, DC USA.
   State Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Div Dis Prevent & Control, Providence, RI USA.
   MasiMax Resources Inc, Rockville, MD USA.
RP Fagan, P (reprint author), NCI, Tobacco Control Res Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Execut Plaza N,Room 4042,6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7337, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA.
EM faganp@mail.nih.gov
NR 33
TC 106
Z9 106
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA
SN 0090-0036
J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH
JI Am. J. Public Health
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 94
IS 2
BP 211
EP 217
DI 10.2105/AJPH.94.2.211
PG 7
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
GA 770BP
UT WOS:000188703600013
PM 14759929
ER

PT J
AU Nuermberger, EL
   Yoshimatsu, T
   Tyagi, S
   O'Brien, RJ
   Vernon, AN
   Chaisson, RE
   Bishai, WR
   Grosset, JH
AF Nuermberger, EL
   Yoshimatsu, T
   Tyagi, S
   O'Brien, RJ
   Vernon, AN
   Chaisson, RE
   Bishai, WR
   Grosset, JH
TI Moxifloxacin-containing regimen greatly reduces time to culture
   conversion in murine tuberculosis
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
DE fluoroquinolone; mouse; moxifloxacin; treatment; tuberculosis
ID ONCE-WEEKLY RIFAPENTINE; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; BACTERICIDAL
   ACTIVITY; IN-VIVO; 8-METHOXY QUINOLONE; MICE; PHARMACOKINETICS;
   RIFAMPIN; PYRAZINAMIDE; THERAPY
AB Tuberculosis continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The expansion of tuberculosis control programs has been limited by the lengthy and cumbersome nature of current chemotherapeutic regimens. A new drug that improves the sterilizing activity of current regimens would reduce the duration of therapy without sacrificing efficacy, thereby enhancing treatment completion rates and preserving precious public health resources. The new 8-methoxyfluoroquinolone moxifloxacin has potent activity against both actively multiplying and nonactively multiplying tubercle bacilli. Using a murine model that is representative of chemotherapy for human tuberculosis, we show that the combination of moxifloxacin, rifampin, and pyrazinamide reduced the time needed to eradicate Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the lungs of infected mice by up to 2 months when compared with the standard regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide. The findings suggest that this regimen has the potential to substantially shorten the duration of therapy needed to cure human tuberculosis.
C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Ctr TB Res, Baltimore, MD USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Grosset, JH (reprint author), 1503 E Jefferson St, Baltimore, MD 21231 USA.
EM jgrosse4@ihmi.edu
FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI43846]
NR 36
TC 195
Z9 204
U1 2
U2 6
PU AMER THORACIC SOC
PI NEW YORK
PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA
SN 1073-449X
J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE
JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.
PD FEB 1
PY 2004
VL 169
IS 3
BP 421
EP 426
DI 10.1164/rccm.200310-1380OC
PG 6
WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System
SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System
GA 767BA
UT WOS:000188417800020
PM 14578218
ER

PT J
AU Levine, RS
   Peterson, AT
   Benedict, MQ
AF Levine, RS
   Peterson, AT
   Benedict, MQ
TI Geographic and ecologic distributions of the Anopheles gambiae complex
   predicted using a genetic algorithm
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID MALARIA; DISEASE; AFRICA
AB The distribution of the Anopheles gambiae complex of malaria vectors in Africa is uncertain due to under-sampling of vast regions. We use ecologic niche modeling to predict the potential distribution of three members of the complex (A. gambiae, A. arabiensis, and A. quadriannulatus) and demonstrate the statistical significance of the models. Predictions correspond well to previous estimates, but provide detail regarding spatial discontinuities in the distribution of A. gambiae s.s. that are consistent with population genetic studies. Our predictions also identify large areas of Africa where the presence of A. arabiensis is predicted, but few specimens have been obtained, suggesting under-sampling of the species. Finally, we project models developed from African distribution data for the late 1900s into the past and to South America to determine retrospectively whether the deadly 1929 introduction of A. gambiae sensu lato into Brazil was more likely that of A. gambiae sensu stricto or A. arabiensis.
C1 CDCP, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Univ Kansas, Museum Hist Nat, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA.
RP Benedict, MQ (reprint author), CDCP, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM Rlevine@cdc.gov; mexbidiv@lark.cc.ukans.edu; Mbenedict@cdc.gov
OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379
NR 20
TC 66
Z9 72
U1 0
U2 8
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 2
BP 105
EP 109
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 773BZ
UT WOS:000188879000002
PM 14993618
ER

PT J
AU Cuenco, KT
   Halloran, ME
   Louis-Charles, J
   Lammie, PJ
AF Cuenco, KT
   Halloran, ME
   Louis-Charles, J
   Lammie, PJ
TI A family study of lymphedema of the leg in a lymphatic
   filariasis-endemic area
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS; PARASITE ANTIGENS; RISK
   FACTOR; ELEPHANTIASIS; INFECTION; ADENOLYMPHANGITIS; MICROFILAREMIA;
   HYDROCELE; HLA
AB The risk of filarial lymphedema may not be equivalent for all members of filaria-exposed populations. While evidence for a genetic factor that influences acquisition of infection has been growing, very little work has addressed whether there is a genetic basis to the development of disease due to lymphatic filariasis. We designed a family study of lymphedema in a rural community in Haiti to assess disease aggregation. Three hundred sixty-eight female patients sixteen years of age or older were enrolled at a lymphedema treatment clinic between June 1995 and December 1999. After applying additional eligibility criteria, 172 probands were enrolled into the family study for detailed pedigree collection between September 1998 and December 1999. Fifty-three lymphedema cases were identified among the probands' parents, full-siblings, children, half-siblings, and mating partners of the parents. Twelve of the 53 cases were among mates. The proportion of cases occurring in a biologic parent of the proband was higher than in unrelated individuals married into the proband's family (P = 0.0010). This is the first large family study based on pedigrees to assess the familial aggregation of lymphedema due to filariasis. This family study will be useful to investigate the role of genes and environment in the development of filarial-related lymphedema.
C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Hop Ste Croix, Leogane, Haiti.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Cuenco, KT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, 660 W Redwood St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
EM pjl1@cdc.gov
NR 17
TC 13
Z9 13
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 2
BP 180
EP 184
PG 5
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 773BZ
UT WOS:000188879000014
PM 14993630
ER

PT J
AU Cuenco, KT
   Halloran, ME
   Lammie, PJ
AF Cuenco, KT
   Halloran, ME
   Lammie, PJ
TI Assessment of families for excess risk of lymphedema of the leg in a
   lymphatic filariasis-endemic area
SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
LA English
DT Article
ID INFECTION; ELEPHANTIASIS; MICROFILAREMIA; DISEASE; HLA
AB The influence of host genes on the distribution of lymphedema due to lymphatic filariasis is unknown., To assess this, pedigree and disease information were collected from lymphedema patients in a lymphatic filariasis-endemic area. These patients were female, with an average age of approximately 40 years, who were enrolled between June 1995 and July 1999 in a lymphedema treatment clinic, and from the rural Haitian community served by the clinic. Interviews were conducted between September 1998 and December 1999. Families with multiple lymphedema cases were of similar size. with an average of 15 members, as those families with only a single lymphedema case. We determined whether families observed to have multiple lymphedema cases had a higher prevalence of lymphedema than expected when stratified population estimates and family size were considered. Lymphedema of the leg was excessive in 15 of 43 families with multiple lymphedema cases. The number of families demonstrating excess disease was significantly different than was expected based on population estimates of lymphedema prevalence (P = 0.026). Families with multiple cases of lymphedema were not significantly larger in family size than families with a single lymphedema cases. Twelve of the 15 families had a male with lymphedema, which influenced the interpretation of the results. The significance of these results is discussed.
C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Cuenco, KT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, 660 W Redwood St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.
EM pjl1@cdc.gov
NR 13
TC 11
Z9 11
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE
PI MCLEAN
PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA
SN 0002-9637
J9 AM J TROP MED HYG
JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 2
BP 185
EP 190
PG 6
WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine
GA 773BZ
UT WOS:000188879000015
PM 14993631
ER

PT J
AU Stroup, DF
   Goodman, RA
   Cordell, R
   Scheaffer, R
AF Stroup, DF
   Goodman, RA
   Cordell, R
   Scheaffer, R
TI Teaching statistical principles using epidemiology: Measuring the health
   of populations
SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN
LA English
DT Article
DE electronic teaching materials; numeracy; public health; quantitative
   literacy; statistical education
ID AIDS PROJECTIONS; THINKING; LITERACY; NUMERACY; INQUIRY; FARR
AB Recent developments in education have addressed the need to expand and enhance the teaching of statistics and mathematics throughout education (K-16) to improve the statistical literacy and scientific reasoning of students. Nonetheless, many students perceive the statistics instruction contained in mathematics and science courses as unrelated to decisions in their lives, and data show that students in the United States lag behind students in other parts of the world in mathematics and science achievement. In this article we argue that epidemiology, the scientific basis for public health, provides a useful and motivating context for teaching statistical principles and methods and suggest that examples from this and other public health sciences be used in the teaching, of mathematics and science courses in high school and college. First, we describe resources developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to aid in implementing epidemiology in statistics education, and present evaluative evidence of the effectiveness of these resources when implemented at the high school level. Next, we illustrate how these resources address selected college mathematics and high school statistics education standards. Finally, we show how teaching statistics in the context of epidemiology responds directly to several current initiatives in statistics and mathematics education.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Sci Educ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Univ Florida, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.
RP Stroup, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM dstroup@cdc.gov
NR 83
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 1
U2 3
PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC
PI ALEXANDRIA
PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA
SN 0003-1305
J9 AM STAT
JI Am. Stat.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 58
IS 1
BP 77
EP 84
DI 10.1198/0003130042791
PG 8
WC Statistics & Probability
SC Mathematics
GA 770WX
UT WOS:000188755300015
ER

PT J
AU Nelson, BC
   Pfeiffer, CM
   Margolis, SA
   Nelson, CP
AF Nelson, BC
   Pfeiffer, CM
   Margolis, SA
   Nelson, CP
TI Solid-phase extraction-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the
   quantification of folate in human plasma or serum
SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
DE folates; human plasma; human serum; isotope-dilution; liquid
   chromatography; mass spectrometry; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate; solid-phase
   extraction
ID WHOLE-BLOOD FOLATE; RED-CELL FOLATE; FOLIC-ACID; 5-METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLIC
   ACID; ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; BINDING; HOMOCYSTEINE;
   DISEASE; FORTIFICATION
AB The measurement of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5MT) blood levels is one of several factors used to diagnose folate deficiency in humans. 5MT can be selectively purified from either human plasma or human serum via solid-phase extraction procedures and specifically detected and quantified in the extracts with liquid chromatography/isotope-dilution electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Two different, yet complementary, solid-phase extraction-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods have been developed and applied to the quantification of 5MT from such extracts. One method utilizes the high-affinity folate-binding protein from cow's milk coupled with multiple-reaction-monitoring-mode tandem mass spectrometry while the other method utilizes reversed-phase C-18 extraction followed by selected-ion-monitoring-mode mass spectrometry. The accuracy of each method is assessed through a comparative determination of 5MT levels in homogenous plasma and serum pools. Additionally, each method is compared and evaluated against the "total folate" results provided by routine radioassay and microbiological assay determinations. On the basis of the experimental data presented in this report, it is suggested that both methods have the capacity to serve as potential reference methods for the quantification of circulating 5MT in plasma or serum. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA.
EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov
NR 38
TC 32
Z9 33
U1 0
U2 8
PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
PI SAN DIEGO
PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA
SN 0003-2697
J9 ANAL BIOCHEM
JI Anal. Biochem.
PD FEB 1
PY 2004
VL 325
IS 1
BP 41
EP 51
DI 10.1016/j.ab.2003.10.009
PG 11
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology;
   Chemistry, Analytical
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry
GA 765LQ
UT WOS:000188285400005
PM 14715283
ER

PT J
AU Green, M
   Martin, JM
   Barbadora, KA
   Beall, B
   Wald, ER
AF Green, M
   Martin, JM
   Barbadora, KA
   Beall, B
   Wald, ER
TI Reemergence of macrolide resistance in pharyngeal isolates of group A
   streptococci in Southwestern Pennsylvania
SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Article
ID ERYTHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; UNITED-STATES; PYOGENES;
   SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIBIOTICS; PREVALENCE; PNEUMONIAE; EFFLUX;
   SURVEILLANCE
AB We previously reported on the emergence of macrolide-resistant pharyngeal isolates of group A streptococci (GAS) in our community. The purpose of the present study was to track longitudinal trends in macrolide resistance in these isolates in southwestern Pennsylvania. Testing for susceptibility to erythromycin and clindamycin was performed for all pharyngeal GAS isolates recovered at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh and a local pediatric practice between September 2001 and May 2002. Macrolide resistance phenotypes and genotypes were determined by double-disk diffusion and PCR, respectively. Strain relatedness was determined by field inversion gel electrophoresis and emm gene sequence typing. A total of 708 isolates of GAS were recovered during the study period; 68 (9.6%) were macrolide resistant, while all isolates were sensitive to clindamycin. The monthly prevalence of macrolide resistance ranged from 0 to 41%. Only 21 of 573 (3.7%) strains recovered from September 2001 through March 2002 were macrolide resistant. A sudden increase in the rate of macrolide resistance (47 of 135 isolates [35%]) was seen in April and May 2002. Sixty-two isolates demonstrated the M phenotype (resistance to macrolide antibiotics), and six isolates demonstrated the MLSB phenotype (resistance to most macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B antibiotics); these isolates were confirmed to be mef(A) and erm(A), respectively. Three unique mef(A) clones and four unique erm(A) clones were identified among the resistant isolates. The MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC50) for the mef(A) strains was 16 mug/ml, while the MIC50 for erm(A) strains was 8 mug/ml. The finding of high levels of macrolide resistance among pharyngeal isolates of GAS for a second successive year in our community raises the concern that this problem may be more common in the United States than was previously appreciated. Longitudinal surveillance of isolates from multiple centers is needed to define the prevalence of antimicrobial agent-resistant GAS in the United States.
C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat,Div Allergy Immunol & Infect Dis, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Green, M (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Dept Pediat,Div Allergy Immunol & Infect Dis, 3705 5th Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA.
EM greemd@chp.edu
NR 33
TC 35
Z9 38
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0066-4804
J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH
JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 48
IS 2
BP 473
EP 476
DI 10.1128/AAC.48.2.473-476.2004
PG 4
WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 768WC
UT WOS:000188592200016
PM 14742197
ER

PT J
AU Jorgensen, JH
   Crawford, SA
   McElmeel, ML
   Whitney, CG
AF Jorgensen, JH
   Crawford, SA
   McElmeel, ML
   Whitney, CG
TI Activities of cethromycin and telithromycin against recent North
   American isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae
SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
LA English
DT Article
ID MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA; UNITED-STATES;
   ERYTHROMYCIN; KETOLIDE; EMERGENCE; ABT-773; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLINDAMYCIN;
   BACTEREMIA
AB The in vitro activities of two investigational ketolides, cethromycin (formerly ABT-773) and telithromycin, were determined for a selected group of 312 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from a national surveillance program. The MIC of cethromycin at which 50% of the isolates were inhibited was 0.008 mug/ml, and the MIC at which 90% of the isolates were inhibited was 0.06 mug/ml; the corresponding values for telithromycin were less than or equal to0.015 and 0.25 mug/ml, respectively. For six quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant strains, the cethromycin MICs were 0.25 to 16 mug/ml and the telithromycin MICs were 1 to 4 mug/ml. However, there was only 0.3% resistance to telithromycin.
C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Jorgensen, JH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA.
EM jorgensen@uthscsa.edu
NR 25
TC 16
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0066-4804
J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH
JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 48
IS 2
BP 605
EP 607
DI 10.1128/AAC.48.2.605-607.2004
PG 3
WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 768WC
UT WOS:000188592200035
PM 14742216
ER

PT J
AU Witvrouw, M
   Pannecouque, C
   Switzer, WM
   Folks, TM
   De Clercq, E
   Heneine, W
AF Witvrouw, M
   Pannecouque, C
   Switzer, WM
   Folks, TM
   De Clercq, E
   Heneine, W
TI Susceptibility of HIV-2, SIV and SHIV to various anti-HIV-1 compounds:
   implications for treatment and postexposure prophylaxis
SO ANTIVIRAL THERAPY
LA English
DT Article
ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS;
   ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RHESUS-MONKEYS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; NUCLEOSIDE
   ANALOGS; LABORATORY WORKER; RESISTANCE; INFECTION; PATIENT
AB Limited information is available on the activity of antiretroviral drugs against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strains to guide their use in treatment or prophylaxis. We evaluated the antiviral activity of 16 approved drugs and one experimental drug, AIVID31100, against two wild-type HIV-2 (ROD and EHO) isolates, two strains of SIV (mac251 and 13670), and two strains of simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) that contain the reverse transcriptase (RTSHIV) or envelope glycoprotein (SHIV89.6) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in a SIV(mac239) background. Drug susceptibility was measured conventionally by the IMT-4/MTT assay, and results were analysed as fold changes in 50% effective concentration (EC50) relative to the EC50 for HIV-1 (IIIB). The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) zidovudine, lamivudine, stavudine, didanosine, zalcitabine and abacavir as well as the nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor tenofovir retained full activity against all six viruses except for SIV and SHIV89.6 that showed low-level resistance to didanosine. The protease inhibitors (Pis) ritonavir, indinavir, saquinavir and nelfinavir were found to be active against some HIV-2 or SIV strains. However, a significant reduction in susceptibility was seen with indinavir against SHIV89.6 (3.3-fold), and with amprenavir against HIV-2(ROD) (8.8-fold). All viruses except for RTSHIV showed a > 200-fold decrease in susceptibility for the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) nevirapine, delavirdine and efavirenz, indicating highlevel resistance. AMD31100, a CXCR4 antagonist, was active against HIV-2 and SHIV89.6, a finding consistent with the use of the CXCR4 co-receptor by these isolates, but was inactive against SIV strains. In contrast, enfuvirtide (T-20) was active against HIV89.6 but had reduced inhibitory activity against both HIV-2 and SIV strains predicting little therapeutic value against these viruses. These findings support the use of NRTIs, tenofovir, but not NNRTIs, for treating HIV-2-infected persons or for prophylaxis against HIV-2 and SIV. The clinical significance of the low-level resistance of HIV-2 and SIV to some Pis is unclear. Co-receptor antagonists such as AMD3100 show promising anti-HIV-2 therapeutic modalities. Both AMD3100 and enfuvirtide could be used for prophylaxis against SHIV89.6.
C1 Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Louvain, Belgium.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Witvrouw, M (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Louvain, Belgium.
EM myriam.witvrouw@uz.kuleuven.ac.be
NR 34
TC 159
Z9 163
U1 1
U2 6
PU INT MEDICAL PRESS LTD
PI LONDON
PA 2-4 IDOL LANE, LONDON EC3R 5DD, ENGLAND
SN 1359-6535
J9 ANTIVIR THER
JI Antivir. Ther.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 9
IS 1
BP 57
EP 65
PG 9
WC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology
SC Infectious Diseases; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology
GA 960SY
UT WOS:000231614700008
PM 15040537
ER

PT J
AU Xiao, LH
   Ryan, UM
   Graczyk, TK
   Limor, J
   Li, LX
   Kombert, M
   Junge, R
   Sulaiman, IM
   Zhou, L
   Arrowood, MJ
   Koudela, B
   Modry, D
   Lal, AA
AF Xiao, LH
   Ryan, UM
   Graczyk, TK
   Limor, J
   Li, LX
   Kombert, M
   Junge, R
   Sulaiman, IM
   Zhou, L
   Arrowood, MJ
   Koudela, B
   Modry, D
   Lal, AA
TI Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in captive reptiles
SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PARVUM; SNAKES;
   IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION
AB The genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium in reptiles was analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequence analysis of the small subunit rRNA gene. A total of 123 samples were analyzed, of which 48 snake samples, 24 lizard samples, and 3 tortoise samples were positive for Cryptosporidium. Nine different types of Cryptosporidium were found, including Cryptosporidium serpentis, Cryptosporidium desert monitor genotype, Cryptosporidium muris, Cryptosporidium parvum bovine and mouse genotypes, one C. serpentis-like parasite in a lizard, two new Cryptosporidium spp. in snakes, and one new Cryptosporidium sp. in tortoises. C. serpentis and the desert monitor genotype were the most common parasites and were found in both snakes and lizards, whereas the C. muris and C. parvum parasites detected were probably the result of ingestion of infected rodents. Sequence and biologic characterizations indicated that the desert monitor genotype was Cryptosporidium saurophilum. Two host-adapted C. serpentis genotypes were found in snakes and lizards.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
   Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
   Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA.
   St Louis Zoo, St Louis, MO 63110 USA.
   Univ Vet & Pharmaceut Sci Brno, Dept Parasitol, Brno, Czech Republic.
RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM lxiao@cdc.gov
RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Modry, David/G-7815-2014
OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; 
NR 17
TC 67
Z9 75
U1 1
U2 14
PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA
SN 0099-2240
J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB
JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 2
BP 891
EP 899
DI 10.1128/AEM.70.2.891-899.2004
PG 9
WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology
GA 772RK
UT WOS:000188854900033
PM 14766569
ER

PT J
AU Saraiya, M
   Glanz, K
   Briss, P
   Nichols, P
   White, C
   Das, D
AF Saraiya, M
   Glanz, K
   Briss, P
   Nichols, P
   White, C
   Das, D
TI Preventing skin cancer - Findings of the task force on community
   preventive services on reducing exposure to ultraviolet light
SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY
LA English
DT Reprint
C1 CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   CDC, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Hawaii, Canc Res Ctr Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA.
RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
NR 0
TC 0
Z9 0
U1 1
U2 1
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 0003-987X
J9 ARCH DERMATOL
JI Arch. Dermatol.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 140
IS 2
BP 251
EP 251
DI 10.1001/archderm.140.2.251-a
PG 1
WC Dermatology
SC Dermatology
GA 773BD
UT WOS:000188877100026
ER

PT J
AU Hambidge, SJ
   Davidson, AJ
   Phibbs, SL
   Chandramouli, V
   Zerbe, G
   LeBaron, CW
   Steiner, JF
AF Hambidge, SJ
   Davidson, AJ
   Phibbs, SL
   Chandramouli, V
   Zerbe, G
   LeBaron, CW
   Steiner, JF
TI Strategies to improve immunization rates and well-child care in a
   disadvantaged population - A cluster randomized controlled trial
SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE
LA English
DT Article
ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN PRESCHOOLERS; INNER-CITY; VACCINATION COVERAGE;
   REMINDER/RECALL INTERVENTIONS; DELAYED IMMUNIZATION; MISSED
   OPPORTUNITIES; CASE-MANAGEMENT; RISK-FACTORS; FEEDBACK; SERVICES
AB Objective: To measure the effect of a multimodal intervention on well-child care visit (WCV) and immunization rates in an inner-city population.
   Design: Cluster randomized controlled trial.
   Setting and Participants: One-year cohort of 2843 infants born at a hospital in an integrated inner-city health care system.
   Interventions: Eleven clinics were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 study arms: WCV intervention (n = 3), immunization intervention (n = 4), and controls (n = 4). Interventions to improve immunization and WCV rates included both patient-based and clinic-based activities.
   Main Outcome Measures: Up-to-date status with childhood immunizations and WCVs by age 12 months (primary) and health care utilization and charges (secondary).
   Results: Compared with the control arm, the WCV and immunization arms had 5% to 6% higher immunization rates and 7% to 8% higher WCV rates. In multivariate analyses that accounted for the clustered nature of the data, the number of immunizations received was greater in the WCV arm than in controls. However, neither the WCV nor the immunization intervention increased WCV or immunization up-to-date rates. The WCV arm had slightly higher health care charges. Neither intervention affected emergency, urgent care or inpatient utilization.
   Conclusions: This multimodal intervention produced a small increase in the number of childhood immunizations delivered. However, patient- and clinic-based methods did not lead to significant increases in WCV or immunization up-to-date rates after controlling for other factors. Methods found in some settings to increase immunization up-to-date rates may not be as effective in a population of inner-city socioeconomically disadvantaged children.
C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80202 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80202 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Family Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA.
   Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Gen Internal Med, Denver, CO 80202 USA.
   Denver Hlth, Denver Community Hlth Serv, Denver, CO USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Hambidge, SJ (reprint author), Denver Hlth Med Ctr, 777 Bannock St,Mail Code 0132, Denver, CO 80204 USA.
EM simon.hambidge@uchsc.edu
FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS 252-13/15]
NR 43
TC 23
Z9 23
U1 1
U2 9
PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
PI CHICAGO
PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA
SN 1072-4710
J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED
JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 158
IS 2
BP 162
EP 169
DI 10.1001/archpedi.158.2.162
PG 8
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 771AL
UT WOS:000188763300011
PM 14757608
ER

PT J
AU Yeung, AT
   Holloway, BP
   Adams, PS
   Shipley, GL
AF Yeung, AT
   Holloway, BP
   Adams, PS
   Shipley, GL
TI Evaluation of dual-labeled fluorescent DNA probe purity versus
   performance in real-time PCR
SO BIOTECHNIQUES
LA English
DT Article
ID RT-PCR; QUANTIFICATION
AB Real-time PCR technology using dual-labeled fluorescent oligonucleotide probes allows for sensitive, specific, and quantitative determination of mRNA or DNA targets. Historically, dual-labeled probes have been the most expensive reagent in real-time PCR because of the postsynthesis high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and/or gel purification steps required due to limitations in traditional synthesis chemistry. The recent availability of quencher reagents that allow the 3' quencher incorporation as part of the on-machine synthesis has presented the possibility that probes, when carefully synthesized, may be used without extensive postsynthesis purification. This would substantially reduce cost, making the synthesis of dual-labeled fluorescent probes affordable to any DNA synthesis laboratory. The Nucleic Acids Research Group (NARG) of the Association of Biomolecular Resource Facilities (ABRF) (Santa Fe, NM, USA) tested the hypothesis that now any DNA synthesis laboratory is capable of making quality dual-labeled fluorescent probes suitable for real-time PCRs without the need for postsynthesis purification. Members of the DNA synthesis community synthesized dual-labeled human beta-actin probes and submitted them for quality and functional analysis. We found that probes that were at least 20% pure had the same efficiency as those near 100% purity, but the sensitivity of the assay was reduced as the level of purity decreased.
C1 Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
   Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA.
   Trudeau Inst, Saranac Lake, NY USA.
RP Yeung, AT (reprint author), Fox Chase Canc Ctr, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA.
EM anthony.yeung@fccc.edu
NR 8
TC 10
Z9 12
U1 0
U2 1
PU EATON PUBLISHING CO
PI NATICK
PA 154 E. CENTRAL ST, NATICK, MA 01760 USA
SN 0736-6205
J9 BIOTECHNIQUES
JI Biotechniques
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 36
IS 2
BP 266
EP +
PG 7
WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
GA 773DL
UT WOS:000188882400012
PM 14989091
ER

PT J
AU Williams, LJ
   Correa, A
   Rasmussen, S
AF Williams, LJ
   Correa, A
   Rasmussen, S
TI Maternal lifestyle factors and risk for ventricular septal defects
SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE ventricular septal defects; lifestyle factors; alcohol; marijuana
ID COCAINE USE; MARIJUANA USE; FETAL GROWTH; PROXY RESPONDENTS; URINE
   TOXICOLOGY; DRUG-USE; PREGNANCY; SELF; POPULATION; ANOMALIES
AB BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that the prevalence of ventricular septal defects (VSDs) has increased significantly in the United States in the past 30 years. This increase has been primarily attributed to increased detection through echocardiography. However, little is known about the etiology of VSD. This study sought to evaluate the association between maternal lifestyle exposures and the risk for VSD in offspring. METHODS: The Atlanta Birth Defects Case-Control Study was used to identify 122 isolated simple VSD cases and 3029 control infants born during the period 1968 through 1980 in the metropolitan Atlanta area. Exposure data on alcohol, cigarette, and illicit drug use were obtained through standardized interviews with mothers and fathers. Associations between lifestyle factors and VSD were calculated using maternal self-reports; associations were also calculated using paternal proxy-reports of the mother's exposures. RESULTS: Maternal self-report of heavy alcohol consumption and paternal proxy-report of the mothers' moderate alcohol consumption were associated with isolated simple VSD. A two-fold increase in risk of isolated simple VSD was identified for maternal self- and paternal proxy-reported cannabis use. Risk of isolated simple VSD increased with regular (three or more days per week) cannabis use for both maternal self- and paternal proxy-report, although the association was significant only for maternal self-report. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to identify an association between maternal marijuana use and VSD in offspring. Further studies are needed to elucidate this association.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Williams, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM lnw9@cdc.gov
OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928
NR 46
TC 32
Z9 34
U1 0
U2 4
PU WILEY-LISS
PI NEW YORK
PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA
SN 1542-0752
J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A
JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 70
IS 2
BP 59
EP 64
DI 10.1002/bdra.10145
PG 6
WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology
GA 800FB
UT WOS:000220013200002
PM 14991912
ER

PT J
AU Wu, WJ
   Song, SQ
   Ashley, DL
   Watson, CH
AF Wu, WJ
   Song, SQ
   Ashley, DL
   Watson, CH
TI Assessment of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the tobacco and
   mainstream smoke of Bidi cigarettes
SO CARCINOGENESIS
LA English
DT Article
ID LUNG-CANCER; OCCUPATIONAL-EXPOSURE; N-NITROSAMINES; INDIAN BIDI;
   MASS-SPECTROMETRY; INDUSTRY WORKERS; RISK-FACTORS; CARCINOGENICITY;
   N'-NITROSONORNICOTINE; KERALA
AB Bidi cigarettes, or bidis, are a tobacco product that originated in India and have been gaining popularity in the USA during the past few years, particularly with adolescents. As with conventional cigarettes, tobacco and smoke from bidis contain chemical constituents including carcinogenic chemicals such as the tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). To help better assess the potential public health risk associated with bidi cigarettes, we developed modern high throughput methods to accurately quantify TSNA levels in tobacco and mainstream cigarette smoke particulate. We determined the TSNA levels in the tobacco filler and mainstream smoke from 14 bidi cigarette brands. In the bidi tobacco filler, the 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) levels ranged from 0.09 to 0.85 mug/g, while N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) levels ranged from 0.15 to 1.44 mug/g. These amounts are comparable with those in typical American blended cigarettes. The levels of NNK in mainstream smoke from bidis ranged from 2.13 to 25.9 ng/cigarette, and NNN levels ranged from 8.56 to 62.3 ng/cigarette. The wide variation in the TSNA levels most probably reflects the hand-rolled nature of the bidi cigarettes, resulting in a product with less homogenous tobacco amount and a wider variation in overall cigarette construction quality. TSNA levels of bidis were comparable with those of conventional cigarettes, and bidis should not be considered a lower-risk alternative tobacco product. Our analytical findings concur with the previous biologic and biochemical evidence supporting epidemiologic studies linking bidi use with various cancers, especially oral cavity and lung cancers.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Watson, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM cow1@cdc.gov
NR 47
TC 13
Z9 14
U1 1
U2 2
PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS
PI OXFORD
PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND
SN 0143-3334
J9 CARCINOGENESIS
JI Carcinogenesis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 25
IS 2
BP 283
EP 287
DI 10.1093/carcin/bgh004
PG 5
WC Oncology
SC Oncology
GA 771NQ
UT WOS:000188792800016
PM 14604898
ER

PT J
AU Zhang, M
   Pfeiffer, CM
AF Zhang, M
   Pfeiffer, CM
TI Comparing the ESA HPLC total homocysteine assay with electrochemical
   detection to the CDC in-house HPLC assay with fluorescence detection
SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
LA English
DT Article; Proceedings Paper
CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting
CY APR 11-15, 2003
CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA
DE CoulArray detector; porous graphite electrode; method comparison; matrix
   effect; cardiovascular disease
ID PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; DISEASE; DEMENTIA; SERUM
AB Background: Environmental science has developed a simple high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay with electrochemical detection for total homocysteine (tHcy) measurement that does not require derivatization of free thiols. We evaluated this method and compared it with the CDC HPLC assay with fluorescence detection (FD). Methods: tHcy is measured after reduction of disulfides/protein-bound thiols and protein precipitation using four channels of an ESA CoulArray detector. L-homocystine is used as calibrator, penicillamine as internal standard. Results: Aqueous calibration of the ESA assay resulted in overestimation of tHcy by similar to30% compared to the HPLC-FD method. Calibration in plasma alleviated the matrix effect. The within- (n = 3) and between-run (n = 20) imprecision was < 6%, the linearity up to 100 mumol/l was excellent, and the recovery of tHcy added to plasma was nearly complete (98.7% +/- 2.3%). Good correlation was observed between both methods for 266 plasma samples. The ESA assay showed a minimal negative bias of 0.28 mumol/l (3.3%). Conclusion: The ESA tHcy assay performed well in terms of accuracy and precision, and showed good agreement with the CDC HPLC-FD assay when calibrated in plasma. The major advantage of this assay is that it does not require sample derivatization. Disadvantages include instability of the prepared samples for prolonged storage and matrix effects. Published by Elsevier B.V.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM CPfeiffer@CDC.GOV
NR 13
TC 7
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV
PI AMSTERDAM
PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS
SN 0009-8981
J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA
JI Clin. Chim. Acta
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 340
IS 1-2
BP 195
EP 200
DI 10.1016/j.cccn.2003.10.020
PG 6
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA 773EJ
UT WOS:000188884500020
PM 14734212
ER

PT J
AU Pfeiffer, CM
   Fazili, Z
   McCoy, L
   Zhang, M
   Gunter, EW
AF Pfeiffer, CM
   Fazili, Z
   McCoy, L
   Zhang, M
   Gunter, EW
TI Determination of folate vitamers in human serum by
   stable-isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometry and comparison with
   radioassay and microbiologic assay
SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
LA English
DT Article
ID FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; WHOLE-BLOOD FOLATE;
   LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; 5-METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID; HUMAN PLASMA;
   ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; FOODS; URINE
AB Background: Current clinical methods for folate give different results and cannot measure the various forms of folate. We developed an isotope-dilution tandem mass spectrometric method coupled to liquid chromatography (LC/MS/MS) as a candidate reference method for 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5MeTHF), 5-formyltetrahydrofolic acid (5FoTHF), and folic acid (FA) in human serum.
   Methods: We quantitatively isolated folates from 275 muL of serum with a phenyl solid-phase extraction cartridge, then detected and quantified them in stabilized serum extracts by positive-ion electrospray ionization LC/MS/MS. We used an isocratic mobile phase of acetic acid in organic solvent on a C-8 analytical column. C-13-labeled folates were used as internal standards.
   Results: Limits of detection in serum were 0.13 (5MeTHF), 0.05 (5FoTHF), and 0.07 (FA) nmol/L. Within- and between-run imprecision (CV) was <7% for 5MeTHF and <10% for 5FoTHF at concentrations >0.5 nmol/L, and <10% for FA at concentrations >2.0 nmol/L. Total folate (TFOL) concentrations determined by competitive protein binding radioassay were similar to9% lower than results obtained with LC/MS/MS. The microbiologic assay gave similar to15% higher TFOL results with FA calibrator and no difference with 5MeTHF calibrator. The mean (SD) [range] TFOL in 42 sera was 35.5 (17.8) [6.5-75.6] nmol/L. Thirty-two samples with TFOL <50 nmol/L had, on average, 93.3% 5MeTHF, 2.3% FA, and 4.4% 5FoTHF. Ten samples with TFOL >50 nmol/L had, on average, 81.7% 5MeTHF, 15.7% FA, and 2.5% 5FoTHF.
   Conclusions: This stable-isotope-dilution LC/MS/MS method can quantify 5MeTHF, 5FoTHF, and FA in serum. Currently used clinical assays agree with this candidate reference method. (C) 2004 American Association for Clinical Chemistry.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Pfeiffer, CM (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
EM CPfeiffer@cdc.gov
NR 47
TC 130
Z9 132
U1 2
U2 11
PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
PI WASHINGTON
PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA
SN 0009-9147
J9 CLIN CHEM
JI Clin. Chem.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 50
IS 2
BP 423
EP 432
DI 10.1373/clinchem.2003.026955
PG 10
WC Medical Laboratory Technology
SC Medical Laboratory Technology
GA 769RN
UT WOS:000188663700020
PM 14670827
ER

PT J
AU Spivak, K
   Hayes, C
   Maguire, JH
AF Spivak, K
   Hayes, C
   Maguire, JH
TI Caries prevalence, oral health behavior, and attitudes in children
   residing in radiation-contaminated and -noncontaminated towns in Ukraine
SO COMMUNITY DENTISTRY AND ORAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
LA English
DT Article
DE adolescents; dental behavior; dental caries; dental health surveys; DMF
   score; epidemiology; oral health; radiation; socioeconomic status;
   Ukraine
ID DENTAL-CARIES; MICROFLORA; THERAPY; RADIOTHERAPY; ADOLESCENTS;
   EXPERIENCE; CANCER; NECK; HEAD
AB Introduction: Several studies investigating the oral health status of children living in Ukraine after the Chernobyl catastrophe revealed an increase of caries in children residing in radionucleotide-contaminated areas. Purpose: (1) To compare prevalence of dental caries in contaminated and noncontaminated towns; and (2) to determine if there is a difference between dental behaviors and attitudes of children residing in contaminated and noncontaminated areas that may have contributed to differences in caries prevalence. Methods: Children aged 13-14 were randomly selected in two towns of approximately the same population size (33 000): Ovruch (n = 119) from a contaminated area and Mirgorod (n = 100) from a noncontaminated area. Data on behaviors and attitudes were collected via a self-administered questionnaire having six domains: (i) family background; (ii) dental anxiety; (iii) dental utilization; (iv) oral hygiene; (v) use of fluoride toothpaste; and (vi) sugar consumption. Oral examinations included information on carious lesions, restorations, missing teeth, and soft tissue abnormalities. Caries prevalence was compared using a t-test. Regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent contribution of oral hygiene behaviors and dental utilization. Results: There was a significant difference in caries prevalence in the contaminated town (mean DMFT = 9.1 +/- 3.5) versus the noncontaminated town (mean DMFT = 5.7 +/- 1.4; P < 0.000). Oral hygiene practices, age, and utilization of dental services were not found to be associated with differences in DMFT score between the two communities. Conclusion: There was a significantly higher caries prevalence in a radiation-contaminated town compared to a noncontaminated town of Ukraine. The difference was not explained by differences in oral health knowledge, attitudes or behaviors.
C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Boston, MA 02116 USA.
   Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, Dept Oral Hlth Policy & Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA.
   CDC, Parasit Dis Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Spivak, K (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Dent Med, 7 Yarmouth Pl,Apt 2, Boston, MA 02116 USA.
FU NIDCR NIH HHS [T32 DE  07268]
NR 23
TC 4
Z9 5
U1 0
U2 0
PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD
PI COPENHAGEN
PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK
SN 0301-5661
J9 COMMUNITY DENT ORAL
JI Community Dentist. Oral Epidemiol.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 32
IS 1
BP 1
EP 9
DI 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00003.x
PG 9
WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational
   Health
GA 757FF
UT WOS:000187549400001
PM 14961834
ER

PT J
AU Keeler, N
   Lingappa, J
AF Keeler, N
   Lingappa, J
TI Severe acute respiratory syndrome: public health response and clinical
   practice update for an emerging disease
SO CURRENT OPINION IN PEDIATRICS
LA English
DT Review
DE severe acute respiratory syndrome; epidemiology; diagnosis; clinical
   features; transmission; severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus;
   coronavirus; infection control; prevention
ID CRITICALLY-ILL PATIENTS; HONG-KONG; SYNDROME SARS; TRANSMISSION
   DYNAMICS; CORONAVIRUS; OUTBREAK; VIRUS; CHILDREN; CHINA; IDENTIFICATION
AB Purpose of review
   Severe acute respiratory syndrome is an emerging infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality and potential for global spread. This review highlights the salient points of the 2002-2003 outbreak to help clinicians with early recognition, treatment, disease control, and prevention.
   Recent findings Severe acute respiratory syndrome is a respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus; severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus. The disease was first recognized in Asia in February 2003 and, over the next several months, spread to more than two dozen countries in North and South America, Europe, and Asia. The disease is characterized by fever with symptomatic and radiographic evidence of pneumonia.
   Summary
   Because diagnosis cannot be established by clinical findings alone; epidemiologic findings (including history of travel to affected areas, close contact with other case patients, or linkage to clusters of unexplained pneumonia) play a critical role in the diagnostic evaluation. Infection control procedures (including droplet and airborne precautions) are critical for preventing transmission.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Keeler, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-34,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM nbk4@cdc.gov
NR 78
TC 4
Z9 4
U1 0
U2 3
PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
PI PHILADELPHIA
PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA
SN 1040-8703
J9 CURR OPIN PEDIATR
JI CURR. OPIN. PEDIATR.
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 16
IS 1
BP 61
EP 69
DI 10.1097/00008480-200402000-00012
PG 9
WC Pediatrics
SC Pediatrics
GA 809MP
UT WOS:000220641100011
PM 14758116
ER

PT J
AU Schuster, FL
   Visvesvara, GS
AF Schuster, FL
   Visvesvara, GS
TI Opportunistic amoebae: challenges in prophylaxis and treatment
SO DRUG RESISTANCE UPDATES
LA English
DT Review
DE amoebic encephalitis; amoebic keratitis; Acanthamoeba spp.; Balamuthia
   mandrillaris; Naegleria fowleti; Sappinia diploidea
ID PRIMARY AMOEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; CUTANEOUS ACANTHAMOEBA INFECTION;
   IN-VITRO SENSITIVITY; FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; NAEGLERIA-FOWLERI;
   POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE; BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS; AMPHOTERICIN-B;
   THERAPEUTIC AGENTS; CONTACT-LENSES
AB This review focuses on free-living amoebae, widely distributed in soil and water, causing opportunistic and non-opportunistic infections in humans: Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, Naegleria fowleri, and Sappinia diploidea. Diseases include primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (N. fowleri), granulomatous amoebic encephalitis, cutaneous and nasopharyngeal infections (Acanthamoeba spp., Balamuthia mandrillaris, S. diploidea), and amoebic keratitis (Acanthamoeba spp). Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, and Naegleria have been repeatedly isolated: S. diploidea has been reported only once, from a brain infection. Antimicrobial therapy for these infections is generally empirical and patient recovery often problematic. N. fowleri is highly sensitive to the antifungal agent amphotericin B, but delay in diagnosis and the fulminant nature of the disease result in few survivors. Encephalitis and other infections caused by Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia have been treated, more or less successfully, with antimicrobial combinations including sterol-targeting azoles (clotrimazole, miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole), pentamidine isethionate, 5-fluorocytosine, and sulfadiazine. The use of drug combinations addresses resistance patterns that may exist or develop during treatment, ensuring that at least one of the drugs may be effective against the amoebae. Favorable drug interactions (additive or synergistic) are another potential benefit. In vitro drug testing of clinical isolates points up strain and species differences in sensitivity, so that no single drug can be assumed effective against all amoebae. Another complication is risk of activation of dormant cysts that form in situ in Acanthamoeba and Balamuthia infections, and which can lead to patient relapse following apparently effective treatment. This is particularly true in Acanthamoeba keratitis, a non-opportunistic infection of the cornea. which responds well to treatment with chlorhexidine gluconate and polyhexamethylene biguanide, in combination with propamidine isothionate (Brolene), hexamidine (Desomodine), or neomycin. Acanthamoeba spp. may also be carriers of endosymbiotic bacteria (Legionella and Legionella-like pathogens) and have been implicated in outbreaks of pneumonias in debilitated hosts. As with other infectious diseases, recovery is dependent not only on antimicrobial therapy, but also on patient's immune status, infective dose and virulence of the ameba strain, and on how early the disease is diagnosed and drug therapy initiated. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA.
RP Schuster, FL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA.
EM gsv1@cdc.gov
NR 108
TC 98
Z9 103
U1 1
U2 23
PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE
PI EDINBURGH
PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE,
   LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND
SN 1368-7646
J9 DRUG RESIST UPDATE
JI Drug Resist. Update
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 7
IS 1
BP 41
EP 51
DI 10.1016/j.drup.2004.01.002
PG 11
WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy
GA 812GZ
UT WOS:000220829300006
PM 15072770
ER

PT J
AU Lingappa, JR
   McDonald, LC
   Simone, P
   Parashar, UD
AF Lingappa, JR
   McDonald, LC
   Simone, P
   Parashar, UD
TI Wresting SARS from uncertainty
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; CORONAVIRUS; OUTCOMES; CHILDREN; TORONTO;
   VIRUS
C1 CDCP, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), CDCP, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A34,Bldg 6,Room 279,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM Uparashar@cdc.gov
NR 49
TC 28
Z9 28
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 167
EP 170
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 772XH
UT WOS:000188867700001
PM 15040341
ER

PT J
AU Hughes, JM
AF Hughes, JM
TI The impressive and rapidly expanding knowledge base on SARS
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Editorial Material
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM jmh2@cdc.gov
NR 3
TC 2
Z9 2
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 171
EP 172
PG 2
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 772XH
UT WOS:000188867700002
PM 15040344
ER

PT J
AU Schrag, SJ
   Brooks, JT
   Van Beneden, C
   Parashar, UD
   Griffin, PM
   Anderson, LJ
   Bellini, WJ
   Benson, RF
   Erdman, DD
   Klimov, A
   Ksiazek, TG
   Peret, TCT
   Talkington, DF
   Thacker, WL
   Tondella, ML
   Sampson, JS
   Hightower, AW
   Nordenberg, DF
   Plikaytis, BD
   Khan, AS
   Rosenstein, NE
   Treadwell, TA
   Whitney, CG
   Fiore, AE
   Durant, TM
   Perz, JF
   Wasley, A
   Feikin, D
   Herndon, JL
   Bower, WA
   Kilbourn, BW
   Levy, DA
   Coronado, VG
   Buffington, J
   Dykewicz, CA
   Khabbaz, RF
   Chamberland, ME
AF Schrag, SJ
   Brooks, JT
   Van Beneden, C
   Parashar, UD
   Griffin, PM
   Anderson, LJ
   Bellini, WJ
   Benson, RF
   Erdman, DD
   Klimov, A
   Ksiazek, TG
   Peret, TCT
   Talkington, DF
   Thacker, WL
   Tondella, ML
   Sampson, JS
   Hightower, AW
   Nordenberg, DF
   Plikaytis, BD
   Khan, AS
   Rosenstein, NE
   Treadwell, TA
   Whitney, CG
   Fiore, AE
   Durant, TM
   Perz, JF
   Wasley, A
   Feikin, D
   Herndon, JL
   Bower, WA
   Kilbourn, BW
   Levy, DA
   Coronado, VG
   Buffington, J
   Dykewicz, CA
   Khabbaz, RF
   Chamberland, ME
TI SARS surveillance during emergency public health response, United
   States, March-July 2003
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; CORONAVIRUS; PCR; IDENTIFICATION; ADULTS;
   YOUNG; ASSAY
AB In response to the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the United States established national surveillance using a sensitive case definition incorporating clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory criteria. Of 1,460 unexplained respiratory illnesses reported by state and local health departments to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from March 17 to July 30, 2003, a total of 398 (27%) met clinical and epidemiologic SARS case criteria. Of these, 72 (18%) were probable cases with radiographic evidence of pneumonia. Eight (2%) were laboratory-confirmed SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infections, 206 (52%) were SARS-CoV negative, and 184 (46%) had undetermined SARS-CoV status because of missing convalescent-phase serum specimens. Thirty-one percent (124/398) of case-patients were hospitalized; none died. Travel was the most common epidemiologic link (329/398, 83%), and mainland China was the affected area most commonly visited. One case of possible household transmission was reported, and no laboratory-confirmed infections occurred among healthcare workers. Successes and limitations of this emergency surveillance can guide preparations for future outbreaks of SARS or respiratory diseases of unknown etiology.
C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM zha6@cdc.gov
NR 30
TC 26
Z9 26
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 185
EP 194
PG 10
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 772XH
UT WOS:000188867700006
PM 15030681
ER

PT J
AU Meltzer, MI
AF Meltzer, MI
TI Multiple contact dates and SARS incubation periods
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; HONG-KONG; CORONAVIRUS; IDENTIFICATION
AB Many severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients have multiple possible incubation periods due to multiple contact dates. Multiple contact dates cannot be used in standard statistical analytic techniques, however. I present a simple spread sheet-based method that uses multiple contact dates to calculate the possible incubation periods of SARS.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Mailstop D59,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM Mmeltzer@cdc.gov
NR 8
TC 16
Z9 16
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 207
EP 209
PG 3
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 772XH
UT WOS:000188867700009
PM 15030684
ER

PT J
AU Wu, J
   Xu, FJ
   Zhou, WG
   Feikin, DR
   Lin, CY
   He, X
   Zhu, ZH
   Liang, WN
   Chin, DP
   Schuchat, A
AF Wu, J
   Xu, FJ
   Zhou, WG
   Feikin, DR
   Lin, CY
   He, X
   Zhu, ZH
   Liang, WN
   Chin, DP
   Schuchat, A
TI Risk factors for SARS among persons without known contact with SARS
   patients, Beijing, China
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; CLINICAL-FEATURES; CORONAVIRUS; DISEASE
AB Most cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) have occurred in close contacts of SARS patients. However, in Beijing, a large proportion of SARS cases occurred in persons without such contact. We conducted a case-control study in Beijing that compared exposures of 94 unlinked, probable SARS patients with those of 281 community-based controls matched for age group and sex. Case-patients were more likely than controls to have chronic medical conditions or to have visited fever clinics (clinics at which possible SARS patients were separated from other patients), eaten outside the home, or taken taxis frequently. The use of masks was strongly protective. Among 31 case-patients for whom convalescent-phase (>21 days) sera were available, 26% had immunoglobulin G to SARS-associated coronavirus. Our finding that clinical SARS was associated with visits to fever clinics supports Beijing's strategy of closing clinics with poor infection-control measures. Our finding that mask use lowered the risk for disease supports the community's use of this strategy.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, DBMD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Beijing Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   WHO, China Off, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   Beijing Municipal Hlth Bur, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   Beijing Joint SARS Expert Grp, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, DBMD, NCID, Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM Aschuchat@cdc.gov
NR 17
TC 38
Z9 44
U1 0
U2 4
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 210
EP 216
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 772XH
UT WOS:000188867700010
PM 15030685
ER

PT J
AU Peck, AJ
   Newbern, EC
   Feikin, DR
   Isakbaeva, ET
   Park, BJ
   Fehr, JT
   LaMonte, AC
   Le, TP
   Burger, TL
   Rhodes, LV
   Weltman, A
   Erdman, D
   Ksiazek, TG
   Lingappa, JR
AF Peck, AJ
   Newbern, EC
   Feikin, DR
   Isakbaeva, ET
   Park, BJ
   Fehr, JT
   LaMonte, AC
   Le, TP
   Burger, TL
   Rhodes, LV
   Weltman, A
   Erdman, D
   Ksiazek, TG
   Lingappa, JR
CA SARS Pennsylvania Case Invest
TI Lack of SARS transmission and US SARS case-patient
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; HONG-KONG; OUTBREAK; DYNAMICS; CANADA
AB In early April 2003, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was diagnosed in a Pennsylvania resident after his exposure to persons with SARS in Toronto, Canada. To identify contacts of the case-patient and evaluate the risk for SARS transmission, a detailed epidemiologic investigation was performed. On the basis of this investigation, 26 persons (17 healthcare workers, 4 household contacts, and 5 others) were identified as having had close contact with this case-patient before infection-control practices were implemented. Laboratory evaluation of clinical specimens showed no evidence of transmission of SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection to any close contact of this patient. This investigation documents that, under certain circumstances, SARS-CoV is not readily transmitted to close contacts, despite ample unprotected exposures. Improving the understanding of risk factors for transmission will help focus public health control measures.
C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA.
   Penn State Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA.
   Infect Dis Serv, Bethlehem, PA USA.
   Lehigh Valley Hosp & Hlth Network, Allentown, PA USA.
   Lehigh Valley Hosp & Hlth Network, Bethlehem, PA USA.
   Allentown Infect Dis Serv, Allentown, PA USA.
   Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA.
RP Peck, AJ (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM apeck@cdc.gov
OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X
NR 26
TC 8
Z9 8
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 217
EP 224
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 772XH
UT WOS:000188867700011
PM 15030686
ER

PT J
AU Isakbaeva, ET
   Khetsuriani, N
   Beard, RS
   Peck, A
   Erdman, D
   Monroe, SS
   Tong, SX
   Ksiazek, TG
   Lowther, S
   Pandya-Smith, I
   Anderson, LJ
   Lingappa, J
   Widdowson, MA
AF Isakbaeva, ET
   Khetsuriani, N
   Beard, RS
   Peck, A
   Erdman, D
   Monroe, SS
   Tong, SX
   Ksiazek, TG
   Lowther, S
   Pandya-Smith, I
   Anderson, LJ
   Lingappa, J
   Widdowson, MA
CA SARS Invest Grp
TI SARS-associated coronavirus transmission, United States
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; HONG-KONG; OUTBREAK; TORONTO;
   IDENTIFICATION; CANADA
AB To better assess the risk for transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), we obtained serial specimens and clinical and exposure data from seven confirmed U.S. SARS patients and their 10 household contacts. SARS-CoV was detected in a day-14 sputum specimen from one case-patient and in five stool specimens from two case-patients. In one case-patient, SARS-CoV persisted in stool for at least 26 days after symptom onset. The highest amounts of virus were in the day-14 sputum sample and a day-14 stool sample. Residual respiratory symptoms were still present in recovered SARS case-patients 2 months after illness onset. Possible transmission of SARS-CoV occurred in one household contact, but this person had also traveled to a SARS-affected area. The data suggest that SARS-CoV is not always transmitted efficiently. Routine collection and testing of stool and sputum specimens of probable SARS case-patients may help the early detection of SARS-CoV infection.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   McKing Consulting, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Isakbaeva, ET (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM iae4@cdc.gov
OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X
NR 21
TC 15
Z9 15
U1 0
U2 2
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 225
EP 231
PG 7
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 772XH
UT WOS:000188867700012
PM 15030687
ER

PT J
AU Park, BJ
   Peck, AJ
   Kuehnert, MJ
   Newbern, C
   Smelser, C
   Comer, JA
   Jernigan, D
   McDonald, LC
AF Park, BJ
   Peck, AJ
   Kuehnert, MJ
   Newbern, C
   Smelser, C
   Comer, JA
   Jernigan, D
   McDonald, LC
TI Lack of SARS transmission among healthcare workers, United States
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; OUTBREAK
AB Healthcare workers accounted for a large proportion of persons with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) during the worldwide epidemic of early 2003. We conducted an investigation of healthcare workers exposed to laboratory-confirmed SARS patients in the United States to evaluate infection-control practices and possible SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) transmission. We identified 110 healthcare workers with exposure within droplet range (i.e., 3 feet) to six SARS-CoV-positive patients. Forty-five healthcare workers had exposure without any mask use, 72 had exposure without eye protection, and 40 reported direct skin-to-skin contact. Potential droplet- and aerosol-generating procedures were infrequent: 5% of healthcare workers manipulated a patient's airway, and 4% administered aerosolized medication. Despite numerous unprotected exposures, there was no serologic evidence of healthcare-related SARS-CoV transmission. Lack of transmission in the United States may be related to the relative absence of high-risk procedures or patients, factors that may place healthcare workers at higher risk for infection.
C1 CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
   Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA.
   New Mexico Dept Hlth, Albuquerque, NM USA.
RP Park, BJ (reprint author), CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A35, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.
EM ljm3@cdc.gov
NR 13
TC 37
Z9 37
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 244
EP 248
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 772XH
UT WOS:000188867700015
PM 15030690
ER

PT J
AU Shen, Z
   Ning, F
   Zhou, WG
   He, X
   Lin, CY
   Chin, DP
   Zhu, ZH
   Schuchat, A
AF Shen, Z
   Ning, F
   Zhou, WG
   He, X
   Lin, CY
   Chin, DP
   Zhu, ZH
   Schuchat, A
TI Superspreading SARS events, Beijing, 2003
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ACUTE-RESPIRATORY-SYNDROME; OUTBREAK; PNEUMONIA
AB Superspreading events were pivotal in the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). We investigated superspreading in one transmission chain early in Beijing's epidemic. Superspreading was defined as transmission of SARS to at least eight contacts. An index patient with onset of SARS 2,months after hospital admission was the source of four generations of transmission to 76 case-patients, including 12 healthcare workers and several hospital visitors. Four (5%) case circumstances met the superspreading definition. Superspreading appeared to be associated with older age (mean 56 vs. 44 years), case fatality (75% vs. 16%, p = 0.02, Fisher exact test), number of close contacts (36 vs. 0.37) and attack rate among close contacts (43% vs. 18.5%, p < 0.025). Delayed recognition of SARS in a hospitalized patient permitted transmission to patients, visitors, and healthcare workers. Older age and number of contacts merit investigation in future studies of superspreading.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, DBMD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Beijing Ctr Dis Prevent & Control, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   World Hlth Org, Beijing, Peoples R China.
   Beijing Joint SARS Expert Grp, Beijing, Peoples R China.
RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, DBMD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM Aschuchat@cdc.gov
NR 10
TC 88
Z9 88
U1 0
U2 9
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 256
EP 260
PG 5
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 772XH
UT WOS:000188867700018
PM 15030693
ER

PT J
AU Ha, LD
   Bloom, SA
   Hien, NQ
   Maloney, SA
   Mai, LQ
   Leitmeyer, KC
   Anh, BH
   Reynolds, IG
   Montgomery, JM
   Comer, JA
   Horby, PW
   Plant, AJ
AF Ha, LD
   Bloom, SA
   Hien, NQ
   Maloney, SA
   Mai, LQ
   Leitmeyer, KC
   Anh, BH
   Reynolds, IG
   Montgomery, JM
   Comer, JA
   Horby, PW
   Plant, AJ
TI Lack of SARS transmission among public hospital workers, Vietnam
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID DYNAMICS
AB The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Vietnam was amplified by nosocomial spread within hospital A, but no transmission was reported in hospital B, the second of two designated SARS hospitals. Our study documents lack of SARS-associated coronavirus transmission to hospital B workers, despite variable infection control measures and the use of personal protective equipment.
C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
   Inst Clin Res Trop Med, Hanoi, Vietnam.
   Bach Mai Hosp, Hanoi, Vietnam.
   Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam.
   WHO, Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
   Hanoi Med Univ, Hanoi, Vietnam.
   WHO, Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, Hanoi, Vietnam.
   Hanoi Med Univ, Hanoi, Vietnam.
   Curtin Univ Technol, Perth, WA 6001, Australia.
RP Bloom, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA.
EM sbloom@cdc.gov
RI Horby, Peter/D-1585-2013; 
OI Horby, Peter/0000-0002-9822-1586
NR 7
TC 17
Z9 17
U1 0
U2 0
PU CENTERS  DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 265
EP 268
PG 4
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 772XH
UT WOS:000188867700020
ER

PT J
AU Wong, TW
   Lee, CK
   Tam, W
   Lau, JTF
   Yu, TS
   Lui, SF
   Chan, PKS
   Li, YG
   Bresee, JS
   Sung, JJY
   Parashar, UD
AF Wong, TW
   Lee, CK
   Tam, W
   Lau, JTF
   Yu, TS
   Lui, SF
   Chan, PKS
   Li, YG
   Bresee, JS
   Sung, JJY
   Parashar, UD
CA Outbreak Study Grp
TI Cluster of SARS among medical students exposed to single patient, Hong
   Kong
SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
LA English
DT Article
ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME; TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER;
   CORONAVIRUS; OUTBREAK
AB We studied transmission patterns of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) among medical students exposed exclusively to the first SARS patient in the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong, before his illness was recognized. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 66 medical students who visited the index patient's ward, including 16 students with SARS and 50 healthy students. The risk of contracting SARS was sevenfold greater among students who definitely visited the index case's cubicle than in those who did not (10/27 [41%] versus 1/20 [5%], relative risk 7.4; 95% confidence interval 1.0 to 53.3). Illness rates increased directly with proximity of exposure to the index case. However, four of eight students who were in the same cubicle, but were not within 1 m of the index case-patient, contracted SARS. Proximity to the index case-patient was associated with transmission, which is consistent with droplet spread. Transmission through fomites or small aerosols cannot be ruled out.
C1 Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community & Family Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Prince Wales Hosp, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   Australian Natl Univ, Natl Ctr Epidemiol & Populat Hlth, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
   Hosp Author, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   Univ Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
   Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA.
RP Wong, TW (reprint author), Chinese Univ Hong Kong, Dept Community & Family Med, Sch Publ Hlth, Prince Wales Hosp, 4-F,Hong Kong Special Administrat Reg, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.
EM twwong@cuhk.edu.hk
RI Li, Yuguo/A-9469-2010; Yu, Ignatius Tak Sun/A-9936-2008; Hossain, Sarah
   /C-7332-2009; Wong, Tze Wai/K-5344-2013; Chan, Paul/J-9360-2013; 
OI Li, Yuguo/0000-0002-2281-4529; Hossain, Sarah /0000-0003-1355-0979; Tam,
   Wilson/0000-0003-0641-3060
NR 18
TC 79
Z9 79
U1 1
U2 12
PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL
PI ATLANTA
PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA
SN 1080-6040
J9 EMERG INFECT DIS
JI Emerg. Infect. Dis
PD FEB
PY 2004
VL 10
IS 2
BP 269
EP 276
PG 8
WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases
GA 772XH
UT WOS:000188867700021
PM 15030696
ER

EF