FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Lee, KC Lieu, TA Miroshnik, I Rusinak, D Santoli, J Lett, SM Platt, R Finkelstein, JA AF Lee, KC Lieu, TA Miroshnik, I Rusinak, D Santoli, J Lett, SM Platt, R Finkelstein, JA TI The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on provider-reported approach to the febrile infant SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Harvard Combined Pediat Hlth Serv Res Fellowship, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth Policy, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1017 BP 179A EP 179A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901018 ER PT J AU Taveras, EM Li, RW Grummer-Strawn, L Richardson, M Marshall, R Rego, V Miroshnik, I Lieu, TA AF Taveras, EM Li, RW Grummer-Strawn, L Richardson, M Marshall, R Rego, V Miroshnik, I Lieu, TA TI Meeting national goals for breastfeeding duration: Attitudes of postpartum mothers and their clinicians SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Childrens Hosp, Harvard Pediat Hlth Serv Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Harvard Vanguard Med Associates, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1036 BP 182A EP 183A PN 2 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901037 ER PT J AU Zhou, FG Yusuf, HR Shefer, A Rodewald, L Chu, SY Messonnier, M AF Zhou, FG Yusuf, HR Shefer, A Rodewald, L Chu, SY Messonnier, M TI Economic evaluation of routine childhood immunization with DTAP, Hib, IPV, MMR and HepB vaccines in the United States, 2001 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1169 BP 206A EP 206A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901170 ER PT J AU Norton, EB Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Reller, LB Jarvis, WR Jason, J AF Norton, EB Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Reller, LB Jarvis, WR Jason, J TI Clinical predictors of bloodstream infections and mortality in hospitalized Malawian children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. Minist Hlth & Populat, Community Hlth Sci Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1222 BP 215A EP 215A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901223 ER PT J AU Jaggi, P Tanz, RR Beall, B Shulman, ST AF Jaggi, P Tanz, RR Beall, B Shulman, ST TI Age-related differences in pharyngeal Group A Streptococcal (GAS) M type distribution SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Feinberg Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1227 BP 216A EP 216A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901228 ER PT J AU McInerny, TK Szilagyi, PG Schaffer, S Humiston, SG Barth, R Shone, L Iwane, MK Schwartz, B AF McInerny, TK Szilagyi, PG Schaffer, S Humiston, SG Barth, R Shone, L Iwane, MK Schwartz, B TI The added burden of universal influenza vaccination on visits to primary care practices SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1316 BP 232A EP 232A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901317 ER PT J AU Daley, MF Crane, LA Barrow, J Pearson, K Stevenson, JM Berman, S Kempe, A AF Daley, MF Crane, LA Barrow, J Pearson, K Stevenson, JM Berman, S Kempe, A TI Providing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in a time of shortages: A survey of rural and urban practitioners SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1322 BP 233A EP 233A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901323 ER PT J AU Bhutani, V Dixon, K Avchen, RN Sheridan, S Petrova, A Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Bhutani, V Dixon, K Avchen, RN Sheridan, S Petrova, A Yeargin-Allsopp, M TI Workshop: Early recognition, treatment and consequences of kernicterus SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Penn Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1346 BP 237A EP 237A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901347 ER PT J AU Hornung, LD Stout, JW Garrison, MM Shay, DK Liu, LL AF Hornung, LD Stout, JW Garrison, MM Shay, DK Liu, LL TI Clinical characteristics among infants with asthma or bronchiolitis SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Childrens Hosp & Reg Med Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1392 BP 244A EP 244A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901393 ER PT J AU Daley, MF Barrow, J Pearson, K Crane, LA Stevenson, JM Berman, S Kempe, A AF Daley, MF Barrow, J Pearson, K Crane, LA Stevenson, JM Berman, S Kempe, A TI Linking an immunization registry to billing data to identify children needing annual influenza immunization SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Childrens Outcomes Res Program, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1749 BP 306A EP 306A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901748 ER PT J AU Lee, KC Finkelstein, JA Miroshnik, I Rusinak, D Santoli, J Lett, SM Platt, R Lieu, TA AF Lee, KC Finkelstein, JA Miroshnik, I Rusinak, D Santoli, J Lett, SM Platt, R Lieu, TA TI The impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on provider immunization practices SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Harvard Combined Pediat Hlth Serv, Res Fellowship Program, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Ctr Child & Adolescent Hlth Policy, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Boston, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1747 BP 306A EP 306A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901746 ER PT J AU Newburg, DS Morrow, AL Matson, DO Peterson, JA Altaye, M Ruiz-Palacios, GM Pickering, LK AF Newburg, DS Morrow, AL Matson, DO Peterson, JA Altaye, M Ruiz-Palacios, GM Pickering, LK TI Concentrations of anti-rotavirus components of human milk over the course of lactation SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Waltham, MA USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Ctr Biostat & Epidemiol, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Canc Res Fund Contra Costa, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Inst Nacl Ciencias Med & Nutr, Dept Infectol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Altaye, Mekibib/N-5274-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1778 BP 311A EP 311A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901777 ER PT J AU Hsu, VP Staat, MA Roberts, N Thieman, C Bresee, J Glass, RI Bernstein, DI Parashar, U AF Hsu, VP Staat, MA Roberts, N Thieman, C Bresee, J Glass, RI Bernstein, DI Parashar, U TI Use of active hospital surveillance to validate estimates of rotavirus hospitalizations in children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1830 BP 321A EP 321A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901829 ER PT J AU Jiang, X Huang, PW Zhong, WM Morrow, A Ruiz-Palacios, G Pickering, LK AF Jiang, X Huang, PW Zhong, WM Morrow, A Ruiz-Palacios, G Pickering, LK TI Human milk contains elements that block binding of noroviruses to histo-blood group antigens SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Nutr, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1831 BP 321A EP 321A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901830 ER PT J AU Tanz, RR Shulman, ST Kabat, W Kabat, K Cederlund, E Shortridge, D Beyer, J Dokter, S Beall, B AF Tanz, RR Shulman, ST Kabat, W Kabat, K Cederlund, E Shortridge, D Beyer, J Dokter, S Beall, B CA US Streptococcal Pharyngitis TI Macrolide resistant group A streptococci (GAS): A tale of two seasons SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Infect Dis Lab, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Abbott Labs, Abbott Pk, IL 60064 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1843 BP 323A EP 323A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901842 ER PT J AU Pochling, K LaFleur, B Szilagyi, P Wooten, K Mitchel, E Barth, R Hughes, H Schwartz, B Griffin, M AF Pochling, K LaFleur, B Szilagyi, P Wooten, K Mitchel, E Barth, R Hughes, H Schwartz, B Griffin, M TI Population-based impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1873 BP 328A EP 328A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901872 ER PT J AU Shulman, ST Tanz, RR Beall, B Kabat, K Kabat, W AF Shulman, ST Tanz, RR Beall, B Kabat, K Kabat, W CA US Streptococcal Pharyngitis TI Two-year US streptococcal pharyngitis emm genotype surveillance data SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Northwestern Univ, Childrens Mem Hosp, Feinberg Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1880 BP 329A EP 329A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901879 ER PT J AU Peck, AJ Holman, RC Curns, AT Bresee, JS Cheek, JE Singleton, RJ Lingappa, JR AF Peck, AJ Holman, RC Curns, AT Bresee, JS Cheek, JE Singleton, RJ Lingappa, JR TI Outpatient and inpatient bronchiolitis-associated visits among American Indian/Alaska native and US children SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indian Hlth Serv Headquarters, Program Epidemiol, Off Publ Hlth, Albuquerque, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 1907 BP 334A EP 334A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897901906 ER PT J AU Lukacs, SL Schoendorf, KC AF Lukacs, SL Schoendorf, KC TI Trends in sepsis-related neonatal mortality - United States, 1985 through 1998 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 2516 BP 445A EP 445A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897902514 ER PT J AU Barfield, WD Tomashek, KM Flowers, LM Hsia, J Iyasu, S AF Barfield, WD Tomashek, KM Flowers, LM Hsia, J Iyasu, S TI Racial disparities in late fetal deaths, United States: 1995-1998 SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 2640 BP 467A EP 467A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897902638 ER PT J AU Wise, PH Barfield, WD AF Wise, PH Barfield, WD TI The principal cause of the recent reversal in the disparity of black and white very low birth weight neonatal mortality rates SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Boston Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 3193 BP 563A EP 564A PN 2 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897903189 ER PT J AU Bearer, CF Jacobson, JL Jacobson, SW Barr, D Croxford, J Chiodo, L Molteno, C Viljoen, D AF Bearer, CF Jacobson, JL Jacobson, SW Barr, D Croxford, J Chiodo, L Molteno, C Viljoen, D TI Investigation of a biomarker for prenatal ethanol exposure in a South African population SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Society CY MAY 03-06, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Pediat Acad Soc, Amer Pediat Soc, Soc Pediat Res, Ambulatory Pediat Assoc, Tulane Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Continuing Educ C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cape Town, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South Africa. RI Chiodo, Lisa/G-1427-2015 OI Chiodo, Lisa/0000-0001-7052-3569 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD APR PY 2003 VL 53 IS 4 SU S MA 3211 BP 567A EP 567A PN 2 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 661PA UT WOS:000181897903207 ER PT J AU Sherry, B Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, L Dietz, WH AF Sherry, B Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, L Dietz, WH TI Evaluation of and recommendations for growth references for very low birth weight (<= 1500 grams) infants in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE very low birth weight infants; growth references; growth status; performance evaluation ID GESTATIONAL-AGE; PRETERM INFANTS; VARIED SAMPLE; ALTITUDE; COHORT; HEIGHT AB Objective. To determine the best available growth reference for evaluating the growth status of very low birth weight (VLBW; less than or equal to1500 g) infants in the United States. Methods. We evaluated currently available growth references for VLBW infants in studies by Casey (Infant Health and Development Program [IHDP]), Brandt, Gairdner and Pearson, and Babson and Benda. We selected the 1 that best met a priori criteria and compared it with the new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. We evaluated the performance of both the selected VLBW reference and the CDC growth charts for use with VLBW infants by plotting data from 2 external data sets of VLBW infants (from Child Health and Development Studies [CHDS]) and linked the CDC's Pregnancy Nutrition Surveillance System/Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System Data (PNSS/PedNSS) on both references. Age was adjusted for gestational age in all of the VLBW data set comparisons. Results. The IHDP reference met the greatest number of our evaluation criteria. The IHDP charts are the most recent, are based on a relatively large sample of VLBW infants in the United States, and are adjusted for gestational age at birth (using the standard of birth at 40 weeks) to account for prematurity. The IHDP VLBW infants, based on corrected postnatal age, compared with the non-VLBW infants included in the new CDC growth charts showed more rapid growth in length-for-age from birth (40 weeks) to 24 months, were nearly equivalent in weight-for-age at birth (40 weeks), yet demonstrated less rapid growth in weight-for-age from 40 weeks to 24 months. The performance evaluation of the IHDP and CDC growth reference based on the 2 external VLBW data sets (CHDS and PNSS/PedNSS) showed that the IHDP charts more closely matched the external data sets in relative position on the graphs and growth patterns for length-for-age, but the CDC growth charts more closely matched the external data sets in the growth pattern for weight-for-length. In weight-for-age, because of the lack of stability in the pattern, we could not determine which reference the external data growth pattern more closely matched. Conclusions. Our evaluation of growth references for VLBW infants yielded no clear, simple recommendation. The inconsistencies in the discrepancies across anthropometric indices between the 2 external combined VLBW data sets (CHDS and PNSS/PedNSS) and the IHDP reference and the CDC growth charts make it difficult to recommend 1 reference. Therefore, we recommend using either the IHDP reference or the CDC growth charts to evaluate the growth of VLBW infants. The choice of which to use depends on its purpose. The IHDP reference is the best available reference for comparisons of the growth of a VLBW infant with those of other VLBW infants. The CDC growth charts allow comparison of the growth of a VLBW infant with that of non-VLBW infants. C1 CDCP, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sherry, B (reprint author), CDCP, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-25,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 40 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 4 BP 750 EP 758 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 662RA UT WOS:000181960600007 PM 12671108 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Wong, LYC Yang, QH May, KM Friedman, JM AF Rasmussen, SA Wong, LYC Yang, QH May, KM Friedman, JM TI Population-based analyses of mortality in trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE trisomy 13; trisomy 18; survival; mortality ID NATIONAL-DEATH-INDEX; VITAL STATUS; NATURAL-HISTORY; SURVIVAL; OLD; SURVEILLANCE; RATES; GIRL AB Objective. Although trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 are generally considered to be lethal, long-term survival of patients has been reported. We sought to evaluate mortality in people with trisomy 13 or 18 using 2 population-based strategies. Methods. In the first analysis, infants who had trisomy 13 or 18 and were born during 1968-1999 were identified using the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, a population-based birth defects surveillance system. Dates of death were documented using hospital records, Georgia vital records, and the National Death Index. In the second analysis, we used the Multiple-Cause Mortality Files compiled from US death certificates from 1979 through 1997. Using these 2 analyses, we examined median survival time or median age at death, survival beyond 1 year of age, and factors associated with longer survival. Results. Using Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program, we identified 70 liveborn infants with trisomy 13 and 114 liveborn infants with trisomy 18. Median survival time was 7 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3-15) for people with trisomy 13 and 14.5 days (95% CI: 8-28) for people with trisomy 18. For each condition, 91% of infants died within the first year. Neither race nor gender affected survival for trisomy 13, but for trisomy 18, girls and infants of races other than white seemed to survive longer. The presence of a heart defect did not seem to affect survival for either condition. Using MCMF, we identified 5515 people with trisomy 13 and 8750 people with trisomy 18 listed on their death certificates. Median ages at death for people with trisomy 13 and trisomy 18 both were 10 days; 5.6% of people with trisomy 13 and 5.6% of people with trisomy 18 died at age 1 year or greater. Race and gender seemed to affect survival in both conditions, with girls and blacks showing higher median ages at death. Conclusions. Although survival is greatly affected by trisomy 13 and trisomy 18, 5% to 10% of people with these conditions survive beyond the first year of life. These population-based data are useful to clinicians who care for patients with these trisomies or counsel families with infants or fetuses who have a diagnosis of trisomy 13 or 18. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Agcy Tox Subst, Hlth Invest Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 49 TC 167 Z9 178 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 4 BP 777 EP 784 DI 10.1542/peds.111.4.777 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 662RA UT WOS:000181960600010 PM 12671111 ER PT J AU McMahon, SR Iwamoto, M Massoudi, MS Yusuf, HR Stevenson, JM David, F Chu, SY Pickering, LK AF McMahon, SR Iwamoto, M Massoudi, MS Yusuf, HR Stevenson, JM David, F Chu, SY Pickering, LK TI Comparison of e-mail, fax, and postal surveys of pediatricians SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Internet; fax; postal mail; computer communication networks; survey; pediatrician; rotavirus ID DESIGN AB Objectives. To compare 3 communication modes ( postal, fax, and e-mail) in a rotavirus vaccine physician survey. Methods. We used 3 communication modes to distribute a survey to physicians listed in the membership directory of the Georgia Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The directory listed 1391 members; however, 404 were deemed ineligible on the basis of their listing as a specialist, retiree, resident in training, or government public health employee. Of the 987 members expected to administer vaccines, 150 were selected randomly to receive the postal survey ( postal group). Of the remaining listings, 488 (58%) of 837 listed a fax number; 150 members were selected randomly and faxed a survey ( fax group). Of the remaining members, 266 (39%) of 687 had e-mail addresses listed; 150 members were selected randomly for the e-mail survey (e-mail group). A follow-up survey was sent by the same mode at 2 weeks. A final survey was sent via another mode ( mixed mode) at 1 month: by fax to e-mail and postal nonresponders and by post to fax nonresponders and those without fax. Results. Eligible respondents in the 3 survey groups were similar in their practice setting and location. Although the e-mail group had fewer median years ( 8 years) since medical school graduation than the fax group ( 19 years) and postal group ( 17 years), a similar percentage of responders in all groups had computers (> 85%) and Internet access (> 70%) at work. However, only 39% of members listed an e-mail address in the directory. In the 2 weeks after the first mailing, 39 surveys were completed via postal mail, 50 via fax, and 16 via e-mail. In the 2 weeks after the second contact ( sent at 2 weeks), 20 surveys were completed via postal mail, 15 via fax, and 17 via e-mail. The response rate after the first 2 mailings was 41% (59 of 143) for postal, 47% (65 of 137) for fax, and 26% ( 33 of 125) for e-mail surveys. The third and final survey ( sent 1 month after the first mailing) was sent by a different (ie, mixed) mode and elicited an additional 73 responses: 19 responses ( 15 postal, 4 fax) from the postal group, 19 responses (18 postal, 1 fax) from the fax group, and 35 responses (15 postal, 13 fax, 7 e-mail) from the e-mail group. Twenty-three percent (9 of 40) of the e-mail and 18% (15 of 83) of the fax surveys completed were returned on the same or subsequent day they were sent, compared with none of the postal surveys. There were significant differences among the 3 groups for invalid addresses/numbers (4% postal, 8% fax, and 16% e-mail) listed in the directory. Using mixed modes as the third contact, the overall response rate increased from 39% before mixed mode to a final of 53%. On the basis of the 3 initial groups, responses to 1 of 12 rotavirus questions differed significantly. Conclusions. Future use of e-mail surveys in selected circumstances is promising, because the majority of providers have Internet access and acknowledged interest in participating in e-mail surveys. E-mail surveys could be especially useful if rapid response time is necessary. There were fewer incomplete questions by participants who completed the e-mail survey compared with postal or fax participants. Updating membership e-mail addresses and routinely using e-mail as a communication tool should improve the ability to use e-mail surveys. There may need to be ongoing evaluations that critically evaluate providers' responses to e-mail surveys compared with other survey modes before e-mail surveys can become a standard survey tool. In the meantime, mixed-mode surveys may be an option. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off,Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Massoudi, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD APR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 4 AR e299 DI 10.1542/peds.111.4.e299 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 662RA UT WOS:000181960600045 PM 12671142 ER PT J AU Burstein, GR Murray, PJ AF Burstein, GR Murray, PJ TI Diagnosis and management of sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents SO PEDIATRICS IN REVIEW LA English DT Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Burstein, GR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0191-9601 J9 PEDIATR REV JI Pediatr. Rev. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 4 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1542/pir.24-4-119 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 746DA UT WOS:000186730200002 PM 12671098 ER PT J AU Linton, LS Peddecord, KM Seidman, RL Edwards, C Ross, S Gustafson, K Averhoff, F Fishbein, DB AF Linton, LS Peddecord, KM Seidman, RL Edwards, C Ross, S Gustafson, K Averhoff, F Fishbein, DB TI Implementing a seventh grade vaccination law: school factors associated with completion of required immunizations SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE immunization; adolescents; vaccination programs; school health; hepatitis B ID HEPATITIS-B VACCINATION; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; PROGRAM AB Objectives. We investigated school factors associated with successful implementation of a seventh grade vaccination requirement. Methods. The proportion of students vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine and measles containing vaccine was determined from records of schools in San Diego County, California. A school survey identified compliance strategies. Analysis identified factors associated with coverage. Results. In October 1999, 67.2% of 38,875 students had received the required vaccine doses. Of 315 schools, coverage was less than 40% in 60 schools and exceeded 80% in I I I schools. Factors associated with high coverage included private schools, early and frequent notice to parents, and, for public schools, higher overall socioeconomic status of students. Conclusions. In preparation for a middle school vaccination requirement, early and frequent notification of parents improves coverage. Schools with a high percentage of low socioeconomic status students may require extra resources to support implementation. (C) 2003 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Linton, LS (reprint author), San Diego Univ Fdn, 3900 5th Ave,310, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. FU PHS HHS [S0534-17] NR 21 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 510 EP 517 DI 10.1016/S0091-7435(02)00059-2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 662RK UT WOS:000181961700015 PM 12649060 ER PT J AU Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Gheesling, LL AF Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Gheesling, LL TI Supplement 2001 (no. 45) to the Kauffmann-White scheme SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; serovars; taxonomy; Kauffmann-White scheme ID SALMONELLA AB This supplement reports the characterization of 22 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 2001 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: 14 were assigned to S. enterica subspecies enterica, 2 to subspecies salamae, 1 to subspecies arizonae, 4 to subspecies diarizonae and 1 to subspecies indica. (C) 2003 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Pasteur, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, F-75724 Paris 15, France. Inst Hyg, Nat Referenzzentrum Salmomellen & Andere Bakterie, 4, Hamburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popoff, MY (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, WHO Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, 25 Rue Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris 15, France. NR 3 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD APR PY 2003 VL 154 IS 3 BP 173 EP 174 DI 10.1016/S0923-2508(03)00025-1 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 676RY UT WOS:000182767100003 PM 12706505 ER PT J AU Tinkle, SS Weston, A Flint, MS AF Tinkle, SS Weston, A Flint, MS TI Genetic factors modify the risk of developing beryllium disease SO SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE beryllium disease; risk factors; HLA; T cell receptor; TNF-alpha ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; SYSTEMIC-LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; TNF-ALPHA; PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM; LUNG-DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HLA; SENSITIZATION; ASSOCIATION; SARCOIDOSIS AB Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a debilitating, granulomatous lung disease that occurs in 1 to 5% of exposed workers. Beryllium stimulates a major histocompatibility Class II-restricted, TH1, CD4+ T cell-mediated immune response. The immunological component of the illness, coupled with the small subset of beryllium workers who develop disease, led researchers to hypothesize that genetic factors modify risk of disease. Analysis of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes, the T cell receptor, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha focused on three critical steps in the development of beryllium specific immunity. Molecular epidemiological analysis of the association of HLA-DP, -DR, and -DQ has implicated HLA-DPB1(E69) allelic variants in disease; however, its role in sensitization is unclear. A single report suggested association between HLA-DQB1(G86) and progression from sensitization to disease. A beryllium-specific binding motif was identified in CBD-derived T cell clones. Beryllium-stimulated proliferation using HLA-DPB1*0201 and TCRAV22S1/TCRBVb3 T cell receptors (TCRs) confirmed beryllium specificity of these molecules. The G/A transition at -308 in the TNF-alpha promoter was associated with high concentrations of TNF-alpha in bronchoalveolar lavage and to disease severity. Although these studies are continuing, the data confirm the role of genetic factors in the cellular response to beryllium. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Tinkle, SS (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS-3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. EM sft3@cdc.gov OI Flint, Melanie/0000-0001-5311-3023 NR 48 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 1069-3424 J9 SEMIN RESP CRIT CARE JI Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 169 EP 177 DI 10.1055/s-2003-39016 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 674XY UT WOS:000182663900005 PM 16088536 ER PT J AU Vuylsteke, BL Ettiegne-Traore, V Anoma, CK Bandama, C Ghys, PD Maurice, CE Van Dyck, E Wiktor, SZ Laga, M AF Vuylsteke, BL Ettiegne-Traore, V Anoma, CK Bandama, C Ghys, PD Maurice, CE Van Dyck, E Wiktor, SZ Laga, M TI Assessment of the validity of and adherence to sexually transmitted infection algorithms at a female sex worker clinic in Abidjan, Cote D'Ivoire SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; HIV-INFECTION; DISEASES; DISCHARGE; SYMPTOMS; SIGNS AB Background: Algorithms for sexually transmitted infection (STI) case management were designed in a female sex worker (FSW) clinic in Abidjan, C (o) over cap te d'lvoire, in 1993. Goal: The goal was to evaluate the long-term validity of the algorithms for returning clients of the clinic and to assess the adherence of the health workers to their application. Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 1999 to 2000 among FSWs attending as returning clients. Results: The prevalences of genital infections were as follows: Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis, 8.2%; Trichomonas vaginalis, 16.7%; bacterial vaginosis, 62.3%; and Candida albicans, 6.2%. The sensitivity of the algorithms was 20% and the positive predictive value was 14% for cervical infection. The proportion of cases for which all steps of the algorithm were correctly applied was 30%. Conclusion: Algorithms for the treatment of STIs in FSWs should be periodically reevaluated and adapted to the changing population. To maintain healthcare workers' adherence to the algorithms, supervision should be ongoing and reinforced. C1 Project RETROCI, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. Inst Trop Med, Antwerp, Belgium. Minist HIV AIDS, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vuylsteke, BL (reprint author), Project RETROCI, BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2003 VL 30 IS 4 BP 284 EP 291 DI 10.1097/00007435-200304000-00003 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 663DE UT WOS:000181990300003 PM 12671546 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Chaowanachan, T Jeeyapant, S Sternberg, M Markowitz, L Mastro, TD Van Griensven, F AF Paz-Bailey, G Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Chaowanachan, T Jeeyapant, S Sternberg, M Markowitz, L Mastro, TD Van Griensven, F TI Risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases in northern Thai adolescents - An audio-computer-assisted self-interview with noninvasive specimen collection SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID YOUNG MEN; HIV-INFECTION; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; DECLINE AB Background: Previous studies of sexual behavior and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Thai adolescents may have been limited by participation bias and underreporting of stigmatized behaviors. Goal: The goal was to increase knowledge about risk behaviors and STDs among youths in Thailand. Study Design: Students aged 15 to 21 years completed an audio-computer-assisted self-interview. Oral fluid was tested for HIV antibodies and urine was tested for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae nucleic acids with polymerase chain reaction. Results: Of 1736 invited students, 1725 (99.4%) agreed to participate. Overall, C trachomatis infection was detected in 49 (2.8%), and there were five cases (0.3%) each of infection with N gonorrhoeae and HIV. Among those who reported sexual intercourse, the prevalence of chlamydial infection was 3.7% among men and 6.1% among women. Logistic regression analysis showed age-adjusted factors associated with chlamydial infection among men to be parents' occupation in agriculture, having sold sex, having a sex partner who had been pregnant, and the number of casual sex partners during lifetime. Among women, age-adjusted factors were parents' occupation in agriculture, number of casual partners during lifetime, having an older sex partner, and perception of higher HIV infection risk. Conclusion: These adolescents had high rates of unprotected intercourse and are at risk for STDs. Prevention programs should emphasize use of effective contraceptive methods, including condom use; reducing the number of sex partners (stressing the risk a partner of older age may pose to female adolescents); and reducing engagement in commercial sex. C1 Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, HIV AIDS Program, Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Rai Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Van Griensven, F (reprint author), Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, HIV AIDS Program, Minist Publ Hlth, DMS Bldg 6, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2003 VL 30 IS 4 BP 320 EP 326 DI 10.1097/00007435-200304000-00009 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 663DE UT WOS:000181990300009 PM 12671552 ER PT J AU Gunn, RA Murray, PJ Brennan, CH Callahan, DB Alter, MJ Margolis, HS AF Gunn, RA Murray, PJ Brennan, CH Callahan, DB Alter, MJ Margolis, HS TI Evaluation of screening criteria to identify persons with hepatitis C virus infection among sexually transmitted disease clinic clients - Results from the San Diego viral hepatitis integration project SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION AB Background. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 1.8% of the US population is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and most are unaware of their infection. Goal: The goal was to evaluate risk-based HCV screening criteria for clients attending an urban sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study of HCV prevalence among all STD clinic clients during an 8-month period (September 1999 through April 2000) in San Diego, California. Results: HCV prevalence was 4.9% (165/3367). Clients who reported that they were injecting drug users (IDUs) were much more likely to be HCV-positive than other clients (51% versus 2%; P < 0.001). Selective screening of IDUs, sex partners of IDUs, and persons having received a blood transfusion before 1992 would have identified 70% of HCV-infected clients while screening only 12% of the clinic's attendees. The HCV prevalence among clients with a history of a bacterial STD (in the past 5 years) and no other major risk factors was only 2.5%. Conclusion: In STD clinics, integrating risk-based screening into routine clinic services is an efficient way to identify HCV-infected persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. RP Gunn, RA (reprint author), 3851 Rosecrans St P511B, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU919053-01] NR 11 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD APR PY 2003 VL 30 IS 4 BP 340 EP 344 DI 10.1097/00007435-200304000-00013 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 663DE UT WOS:000181990300013 PM 12671556 ER PT J AU Tikhonova, L Salakhov, E Southwick, K Shakarishvili, A Ryan, C Hillis, S AF Tikhonova, L Salakhov, E Southwick, K Shakarishvili, A Ryan, C Hillis, S CA Congenital Syphilis Investigation TI Congenital syphilis in the Russian Federation: magnitude, determinants, and consequences SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article ID EASTERN-EUROPE; RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMICS; INFANTS; CARE AB Objectives: Reported cases of congenital syphilis in the Russian Federation increased 26-fold from 1991-9. Our objectives were to describe the frequency, risk factors, and consequences of delivering an infant with congenital syphilis among pregnant women with active syphilis. Methods: In a retrospective record review using consecutive sampling of logs at maternity hospitals in five geographic areas, data were abstracted for 850 women with active syphilis during pregnancy who had completed greater than or equal to20 weeks' gestation. Further information was abstracted from records in antenatal clinics, dermatovenereology clinics, and paediatric hospitals. We assessed the frequency of confirmed or probable congenital syphilis, used logistic modelling to identify independent predictors for delivering a baby with congenital syphilis, and calculated the proportion of infants with congenital syphilis who experienced late fetal death (20-27 weeks), stillbirth (greater than or equal to28 weeks), or infant death. Results: A total of 64% (n=544) of 850 pregnant syphilis infected women delivered an infant with confirmed or probable congenital syphilis; 40% of the sample had no prenatal care. Among women with no prenatal care, 77% received either no treatment or inadequate treatment and 86% delivered an infant with congenital syphilis. Important independent and modifiable risk factors for delivery of an infant with congenital syphilis included receiving no prenatal care (adjusted OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.7 to 4.7) and having the first test for syphilis at greater than or equal to28 weeks' gestation (adjusted OR 4.0, 95% CI 2.6 to 6.0). Fatal outcomes were observed in 26% of infants with congenital syphilis, including late fetal death (7%), stillbirth (16%), or neonatal death (3%). Conclusions: In the Russian Federation, the frequency of congenital syphilis is high, risk factors for congenital syphilis are modifiable, and the consequences of congenital syphilis are severe. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hillis, S (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, MS K-34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 30 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 79 IS 2 BP 106 EP 110 DI 10.1136/sti.79.2.106 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 666BR UT WOS:000182156200007 PM 12690129 ER PT J AU Pikora, T Giles-Corti, B Bull, F Jamrozik, K Donovan, R AF Pikora, T Giles-Corti, B Bull, F Jamrozik, K Donovan, R TI Developing a framework for assessment of the environmental determinants of walking and cycling SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE physical activity; physical environment; walking; cycling; conceptual model; Delphi study ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; HEALTH PROMOTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EXERCISE AB The focus for interventions and research on physical activity has moved away from vigorous activity to moderate-intensity activities, such as walking. In addition, a social ecological approach to physical activity research and practice is recommended. This approach considers the influence of the environment and policies on physical activity. Although there is limited empirical published evidence related to the features of the physical environment that influence physical activity, urban planning and transport agencies have developed policies and strategies that have the potential to influence whether people walk or cycle in their neighbourhood. This paper presents the development of a framework of the potential environmental influences on walking and cycling based on published evidence and policy literature, interviews with experts and a Delphi study. The framework includes four features: functional, safety, aesthetic and destination; as well as the hypothesised factors that contribute to each of these features of the environment. In addition, the Delphi experts determined the perceived relative importance of these factors. Based on these factors, a data collection tool will be developed and the frameworks will be tested through the collection of environmental information on neighbourhoods, where data on the walking and cycling patterns have been collected previously. Identifying the environmental factors that influence walking and cycling will allow the inclusion of a public health perspective as well as those of urban planning and transport in the design of built environments. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd., All rights reserved. C1 Univ Western Australia, Sch Populat Hlth, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Primary Hlth Care & Gen Practice, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP Pikora, T (reprint author), Univ Western Australia, Sch Populat Hlth, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RI Bull, Fiona/G-4148-2012; Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012 OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219 NR 43 TC 252 Z9 264 U1 3 U2 52 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD APR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 8 BP 1693 EP 1703 AR PII S0277-9536(02)00163-6 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00163-6 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 665HJ UT WOS:000182113700009 PM 12639586 ER PT J AU Lynch, DW Placke, ME Persing, RL Ryan, MJ AF Lynch, DW Placke, ME Persing, RL Ryan, MJ TI Thirteen-week inhalation toxicity of N,N-dimethylformamide in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dimethylformamide; DMF; 13-week inhalation study; hepatotoxicity; centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis; centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy ID ZERO DOSE CONTROL; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; DIMETHYL DERIVATIVES; DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE; LIVER; HEPATOTOXICITY; ACETAMIDE; FORMAMIDE; 13-WEEK; ROUTES AB Male and female F-344 rats and B6C3F1 mice (10/sex/group) were exposed to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) by whole body inhalation exposure at 0, 50, 100, 200, 400, or 800 ppm, 6 h/day, 5 days/week, for 13 weeks. A concentration-dependent depression in body weight occurred in rats of both sexes at 400 (6-11%) and 800 ppm (20-22%). In contrast, all weight changes in both sexes of mice were within 100 of controls. No rats died, while 5 mice died from nonexposure-related causes. Relative liver weights were significantly increased at all DMF concentrations in both sexes and both species. Activities of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) were statistically increased in male and female rats (200 to 800 ppm) on study days 4, 24, and 91 (13 weeks). Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats exposed to 800 ppm DMF at all time points. Cholesterol (CHOL) levels were statistically increased in male and female rats (50-800 ppm) at all sampling time points. Levels of total bile acids (TBA) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats (400-800 ppm) on days 24 and 91. Centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis (minimal to moderate) was seen in rats of both sexes exposed at 400 and 800 ppm, with the lesions more severe in females. Centrilobular hepatocellular hypertrophy (minimal to mild) was found in all groups of DMF-exposed male mice, and in female mice exposed at 100-800 ppm. For male and female rats the no-observed-adverse-effect concentration (NOAEC) for microscopic liver injury was 200 ppm. The NOAEC was 50 ppm for female mice, but an NOAEC based upon the absence of microscopic liver injury was not determined in male mice. C1 NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Columbus Labs, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. RP Lynch, DW (reprint author), NIOSH, Biomonitoring & Hlth Assessment Branch, Div Appl Res & Technol, C-23,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [N01-ES-75180] NR 41 TC 16 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD APR PY 2003 VL 72 IS 2 BP 347 EP 358 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfg033 PG 12 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 662DP UT WOS:000181931200021 PM 12655034 ER PT J AU Flint, MS Salmen, RR Brumbaugh, K Tinkle, SS AF Flint, MS Salmen, RR Brumbaugh, K Tinkle, SS TI Acute stress modulates the irritant component of sensitizers in allergic contact dermatitis: implications for exposure assessment SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE allergic contact dermatitis; exposure assessment; restraint; stress and ear swelling ID MICE; CHALLENGE AB Exposure of skin to noxious environmental stimuli can cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), which is a major health risk. Epidemiological studies have determined that 40% of workers report that their jobs are very, or extremely, stressful, and the number of chemicals to which workers are exposed increases each year. We hypothesized that combined exposure to a workplace stressor and a sensitizing chemical would alter the time course and magnitude of the skin immune response. We assessed the mixed exposure of chemical and restraint stress using three potent skin sensitizers, 2,4 dinitrofluorbenzene (DNFB), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), and oxazolone, (CXA) on the ear swelling response in stress-susceptible BALB/c mice. Quantitative analyses showed that the dose-response relationship for each chemical followed a cubic trend. Although stress did not alter the shape of the curve, application of restraint stress on day I or on day 6 diminished the ear swelling response to 0.1% DNFB. However. if the concentration of the challenge dose was increased to a more irritating concentration, 0.25% DNFB, ear swelling was enhanced. Restraint stress applied on day 6 also increased ear swelling in response to the highly irritating sensitizer DCC, but not to the low-irritancy chemical OXA. These data Support the hypothesis that dose-response relationships exist for sensitization with chemical and that restraint stress modulation of the ear swelling response is both chemical specific and dependent on the irritancy potential of the chemical. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Biostat Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Tinkle, SS (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. OI Flint, Melanie/0000-0001-5311-3023 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD APR 1 PY 2003 VL 188 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 DI 10.1016/S0041-008X(03)00016-4 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 663HB UT WOS:000181999200007 PM 12668122 ER PT J AU Asmuth, DM Kalish, LA Laycock, ME Murphy, EL Mohr, BA Lee, TH Gallarda, J Giachetti, C Dollard, SC van der Horst, CM Grant, RM Busch, MP AF Asmuth, DM Kalish, LA Laycock, ME Murphy, EL Mohr, BA Lee, TH Gallarda, J Giachetti, C Dollard, SC van der Horst, CM Grant, RM Busch, MP CA Viral Activation Transfusion Study TI Absence of HBV and HCV, HTLV-1 and -II, and human herpes virus-8 activation after allogeneic RBC transfusion in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID CELL LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; T-CELL; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; VIRAL LOAD AB BACKGROUND: The Viral Activation Transfusion Study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison of transfusion with WBC-reduced versus non-WBC-reduced RBCs to HIV+ patients. The primary study characterized the effect of transfusion on HIV and CMV activation by monitoring viral load changes. The present study analyzed HBV, HCV, HTLV-I and -II, and human herpes virus-8 (HHV-8) viral load before and after transfusion to evaluate the further hypothesis that global immune stimulation following allogeneic RBC transfusion results in activation and increased viral proliferation of chronic viral infections other than HIV and CMV. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Baseline samples from 519 to 523 subjects were screened for HBV, HCV, HTLV-I and -II, and HHV-8 infection, and baseline, serial weekly, and quarterly blood samples from infected subjects in the non-WBC-reduced arm were evaluated for changes from baseline in viral nucleic acid and ALT levels. RESULTS: Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, HTLV-I and -II, and HHV-8 was 68, 25, 5, and 30 percent, respectively. No significant induction of HBV, HCV, HHV-8, or HTLV-I and -II viral replication following allogeneic transfusion of non-WBC-reduced blood was observed. A significant, albeit small, association was observed between transfusion and ALT. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these results and our previous finding that no adverse effect on HIV and CMV viral load and disease progression results from allogeneic transfusion, no evidence is found to support the selective use of WBC-reduced blood components for HIV-infected patients. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis & Immunol, Dept Internal Med, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. New England Res Inst, Watertown, MA 02172 USA. Blood Ctr Pacific, San Francisco, CA USA. Blood Syst Inc, Scottsdale, AZ USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Lab Med, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Roche Mol Syst, Pleasanton, CA USA. Gen Probe Inc, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Gladstone Inst Virol, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Asmuth, DM (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis & Immunol, Dept Internal Med, 4150 V St,Suite G200 PSSB, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00046]; NHLBI NIH HHS [N01 HB 57117, N01 HB 57115, N01 HB 57116, N01 HB 57118, N01 HB 57119, N01 HB 57120, N01 HB 57121, N01 HB 57122, N01 HB 57123, N01 HB 57124, N01 HB 57125, N01 HB 57126, N01 HB 57127] NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD APR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 4 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2003.00350.x PG 8 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 664RQ UT WOS:000182075000007 PM 12662277 ER PT J AU Thompson, MP Saltman, LE Johnson, H AF Thompson, MP Saltman, LE Johnson, H TI A comparison of risk factors for intimate partner violence-related injury across two national surveys on violence against women SO VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN LA English DT Article DE intimate partner violence; injury; risk factors AB This study compares risk factors for intimate partner violence-related injury across two national data sources on violence against women, the Canadian Violence Against Women Survey and the National Violence Against Women Survey in the United States. After equating the data sets as much as possible on the types of violence experienced and risk factors, the authors determined which risk factors in each data source predicted injury and compared the magnitudes of associations between risk factors and injury across the data sets. The article presents results on bivariate and multivariate findings, model fit across the data sets, and statistical comparisons of findings across the data sets. Obtaining convergent findings across data sources on risk factors for injury will allow public health practitioners to intervene more effectively with women at risk for experiencing violence-related injuries perpetrated by spouses. C1 Clemson Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thompson, MP (reprint author), Clemson Univ, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Clemson, SC 29631 USA. NR 14 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1077-8012 J9 VIOLENCE AGAINST WOM JI Violence Against Women PD APR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 4 BP 438 EP 457 DI 10.1177/1077801202250955 PG 20 WC Women's Studies SC Women's Studies GA 654BJ UT WOS:000181472600003 ER PT J AU Spiropoulou, CF Goldsmith, CS Shoemaker, TR Peters, CJ Compans, RW AF Spiropoulou, CF Goldsmith, CS Shoemaker, TR Peters, CJ Compans, RW TI Sin Nombre virus glycoprotein trafficking SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; M-GENOME SEGMENT; HANTAAN-VIRUS; CYTOPLASMIC TAIL; UUKUNIEMI VIRUS; NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; GOLGI RETENTION; MEMBRANE; LOCALIZATION AB Sin Nombre virus (SNV) is a major representative of the New World hantaviruses and the most common cause of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) with high mortality in North America. Unlike other members of the family Bunyaviridae which mature in the Golgi complex, New World hantaviruses have been previously reported to mature at the cell surface. For family Bunyaviridae viruses, retention of the viral glycoproteins at the Golgi complex is thought to be responsible for their Golgi maturation. In our studies, the majority of SNV glycoproteins, G1 and G2, was localized in the Golgi complex when expressed from a full-length GPC clone or in SNV-infected cells, in agreement with data for other members of the family Bunyaviridae, including the Old World hantaviruses. However, the SNV glycoproteins could also be detected at the cell surface at advanced posttransfection or postinfection time points. GI expressed in the absence of G2 did not accumulate in the Golgi, but remained predominantly associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Overexpressed amounts of apparently misfolded G1 were aggregated in a subcellular compartment likely to represent the aggresome. Unexpectedly, an additional major pool of G1 was detected intracellularly in SNV-infected and GPC-expressing transfected cells, by using a SNV G1-specific Fab antibody. This pool of GI is predominantly localized in late endosomes-lysosomes. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Spiropoulou, CF (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM ccs8@cdc.gov RI Compans, Richard/I-4087-2013 OI Compans, Richard/0000-0003-2360-335X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA18611]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI12680]; PHS HHS [IPA 5-28960] NR 44 TC 43 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 30 PY 2003 VL 308 IS 1 BP 48 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00092-2 PG 16 WC Virology SC Virology GA 669EV UT WOS:000182339700005 PM 12706089 ER PT J AU Marks, SM Ijaz, K Iademarco, MF AF Marks, SM Ijaz, K Iademarco, MF TI Management of latent tuberculosis infection in immigrants SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 27 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 13 BP 1289 EP 1290 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 659RG UT WOS:000181790800024 PM 12660398 ER PT J AU Zorrilla, C Febo, I Ortiz, I Orengo, JC Miranda, S Santiago, M Rodriguez, A Rullan, J Dominguez, K Fowler, MG Greenberg, A McConnell, M AF Zorrilla, C Febo, I Ortiz, I Orengo, JC Miranda, S Santiago, M Rodriguez, A Rullan, J Dominguez, K Fowler, MG Greenberg, A McConnell, M CA CDC TI Pregnancy in perinatally HIV-infected adolescents and young adults - Puerto Rico, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 149-151, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Zorrilla, C (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 26 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 12 BP 1496 EP 1497 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 659XE UT WOS:000181803100007 ER PT J AU Jeffery, NL D'Andrea, C Leighton, J Rodenbeck, SE Wilder, L DeVoney, D Neurath, S Lee, CV Williams, RC AF Jeffery, NL D'Andrea, C Leighton, J Rodenbeck, SE Wilder, L DeVoney, D Neurath, S Lee, CV Williams, RC TI Potential exposures to airborne and settled surface dust in residential areas of lower Manhattan following the collapse of the World Trade Center - New York City, November 4-December 11, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 131-135, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10007 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Assessment & Consultat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jeffery, NL (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10007 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 26 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 12 BP 1498 EP 1500 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 659XE UT WOS:000181803100009 ER PT J AU Komatsu, K Vaz, V McRill, C Colman, T Comrie, A Sigel, K Clark, T Phelan, M Hajjeh, R Park, B AF Komatsu, K Vaz, V McRill, C Colman, T Comrie, A Sigel, K Clark, T Phelan, M Hajjeh, R Park, B TI Increase in coccidioidomycosis - Arizona,1998-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 109, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID DISEASE C1 Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geog, Tucson, AZ USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Komatsu, K (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 26 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 12 BP 1500 EP 1502 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 659XE UT WOS:000181803100010 ER PT J AU Krapfl, H Gohdes, D Burrows, NR AF Krapfl, H Gohdes, D Burrows, NR TI Lower extremity amputation episodes among persons with diabetes - New Mexico, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 66-68, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID RISK C1 New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Krapfl, H (reprint author), New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 26 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 12 BP 1502 EP 1503 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 659XE UT WOS:000181803100011 ER PT J AU Sappenfield, B Ferre, C Iyasu, S Martin, JA Ventura, SJ Allen, DR AF Sappenfield, B Ferre, C Iyasu, S Martin, JA Ventura, SJ Allen, DR TI State-specific trends in US live births to women born outside the 50 states and the District of Columbia - United States, 1990 and 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1091-1095, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sappenfield, B (reprint author), CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 26 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 12 BP 1503 EP 1505 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 659XE UT WOS:000181803100012 ER PT J AU Nash, D Magder, L Lustberg, M Sherwin, RW Rubin, RJ Kaufmann, RB Silbergeld, EK AF Nash, D Magder, L Lustberg, M Sherwin, RW Rubin, RJ Kaufmann, RB Silbergeld, EK TI Blood lead, blood pressure, and hypertension in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; BONE-MINERAL CONTENT; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; POPULATION; EXPOSURE; RISK; OSTEOPOROSIS AB Context Lead exposures have been shown to be associated with increased blood pressure and risk of hypertension in older men. In perimenopausal women, skeletal lead stores are an important source of endogenous lead exposure due to increased bone demineralization. Objective To examine the relationship of blood lead level with blood pressure and hypertension prevalence in a population-based sample of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in the United States. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional sample of 2165 women aged 40 to 59 years, who participated in a household interview and physical examination, from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 1988 to 1994. Main Outcome Measures Associations of blood lead with blood pressure and hypertension, with age, race and ethnicity, cigarette smoking status, body mass index, alcohol use, and kidney function as covariates. Results A change in blood lead levels from the lowest (quartile 1: range, 0.5-1.6 mug/dL) to the highest (quartile 4: range, 4.0-31.1 mug/dL) was associated with small statistically significant adjusted changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures. Women in quartile 4 had increased risks of diastolic (>90 mm Hg) hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-8.7), as well as moderately increased risks for general hypertension (adjusted OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.92-2.0) and systolic (>140 mm Hg) hypertension (adjusted OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.72-3.2). This association was strongest in postmenopausal women in whom adjusted ORs for diastolic hypertension increased with increasing quartile of blood lead level compared with quartile 1 (adjusted OR, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.1-19.2 for quartile 2; adjusted OR, 5.9; 95% CI, 1.5-23.1 for quartile 3; adjusted OR, 8.1; 95% CI, 2.6-24.7 for quartile 4). Conclusions At levels well below the current US occupational exposure limit guidelines (40 mug/dL); blood lead level is positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure and risks of both systolic and diastolic hypertension among women aged 40 to 59 years. The relationship between blood lead level and systolic and diastolic hypertension is most pronounced in postmenopausal women. These results provide support for continued efforts to reduce lead levels in the general population, especially women. C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, HIV AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol Program, New York, NY 10013 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nash, D (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, HIV AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol Program, 346 Broadway,Room 706, New York, NY 10013 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-288-14/14] NR 62 TC 127 Z9 129 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 26 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 12 BP 1523 EP 1532 DI 10.1001/jama.289.12.1523 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 659XE UT WOS:000181803100030 PM 12672769 ER PT J AU Martin, M Turco, JH Zegans, ME Facklam, RR Sodha, S Elliott, JA Pryor, JH Beall, B Erdman, DD Baumgartner, YY Sanchez, PA Schwartzman, JD Montero, J Schuchat, A Whitney, CG AF Martin, M Turco, JH Zegans, ME Facklam, RR Sodha, S Elliott, JA Pryor, JH Beall, B Erdman, DD Baumgartner, YY Sanchez, PA Schwartzman, JD Montero, J Schuchat, A Whitney, CG TI An outbreak of conjunctivitis due to atypical streptococcus pneumoniae SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS; ADENOVIRUS TYPE-8; CARE; EYE; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; FIELD AB Background: In February 2002, clinicians at the Dartmouth College Health Service recognized an outbreak of conjunctivitis; cultures of conjunctival swabs implicated Streptococcus pneumoniae. An investigation was begun to determine the extent of the outbreak, confirm the cause, identify modes of transmission, and implement control measures. Methods: Investigators reviewed the health service's data base for diagnoses of conjunctivitis. Viral and bacterial cultures were obtained from ill students. Bile-soluble isolates that were susceptible to ethylhydrocupreine (optochin) and therefore were presumed to be pneumococci underwent serotyping, capsular staining, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, a DNA probe, and multilocus sequence typing. A cohort study of risk factors was conducted with the use of the Internet. Control measures included distribution of alcohol-based hand gel and messages about prevention. Results: Among 5060 students, 698 (13.8 percent) received a diagnosis of conjunctivitis from January 1, 2002, through April 12, 2002, including 22 percent of first-year students. Presumed pneumococci were isolated from 43.3 percent of conjunctival swabs (110 of 254); viral cultures performed on 85 specimens were negative. DNA probes and multilocus sequence typing confirmed that the organisms were pneumococci, although the bacteria did not have the characteristic capsule. On pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, strains were found to be identical to pneumococci that caused outbreaks of conjunctivitis in other parts of the country in 1980. Analysis of survey data from 1832 students indicated that close contact with a student with conjunctivitis, wearing contact lenses, membership on a sports team, and attending parties at or living in a fraternity or sorority house were associated with conjunctivitis. The rate of diagnosis of conjunctivitis declined after the implementation of control measures and after spring break. Conclusions: This large outbreak of conjunctivitis on a college campus was caused by an atypical, unencapsulated strain of S. pneumoniae that was identical to strains that had caused outbreaks two decades earlier. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Hlth Serv, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Dartmouth Hitchcock Med Ctr, Hanover, NH USA. Dartmouth Coll Sch Med, Hanover, NH 03756 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Community & Publ Hlth, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [1 K08 EY13977-01] NR 37 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 20 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 12 BP 1112 EP 1121 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa022521 PG 10 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 656UY UT WOS:000181628400007 PM 12646668 ER PT J AU Addiss, DG AF Addiss, DG TI Mass treatment of filariasis in New Guinea SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID SALT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Addiss, DG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 20 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 12 BP 1179 EP 1180 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 656UY UT WOS:000181628400022 PM 12646679 ER PT J AU Goulding, MR Rogers, ME Smith, SM AF Goulding, MR Rogers, ME Smith, SM TI Public health and aging: Trends in aging - United States and worldwide (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 101-106, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID CHALLENGES C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Utilizat Anal, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Goulding, MR (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth & Utilizat Anal, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 16 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 19 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 11 BP 1371 EP 1373 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 656PM UT WOS:000181616200010 ER PT J AU Crum, NF Hale, BR Bradshaw, DA Malone, JD Chun, HM Gill, WM Norton, D Lewis, CT Truett, AA Beadle, C Town, JL Wallace, MR Morris, DJ Yasumoto, EK Russell, KL Kaplan, E Van Beneden, C Gorwitz, R AF Crum, NF Hale, BR Bradshaw, DA Malone, JD Chun, HM Gill, WM Norton, D Lewis, CT Truett, AA Beadle, C Town, JL Wallace, MR Morris, DJ Yasumoto, EK Russell, KL Kaplan, E Van Beneden, C Gorwitz, R TI Outbreak of group A streptococcal pneumonia among Marine Corps recruits - California, November 1-December 20, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 106-109, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USN, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. Marine Corps Recruit Depot, San Diego, CA USA. USN, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crum, NF (reprint author), USN, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20350 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 19 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 11 BP 1373 EP 1375 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 656PM UT WOS:000181616200011 ER PT J AU Acerno, T Andrew, T Twitchell, N Pelletier, A Ramsey, L AF Acerno, T Andrew, T Twitchell, N Pelletier, A Ramsey, L TI Deaths among drivers of off-road vehicles after collisions with trail gates - New Hampshire, 1997-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 45-46, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New Hampshire Fish & Game Dept, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Off Chief Med Examiner, Concord, NH USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Acerno, T (reprint author), New Hampshire Fish & Game Dept, Concord, NH 03301 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 19 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 11 BP 1375 EP 1377 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 656PM UT WOS:000181616200012 ER PT J CA Los Angeles County Jail Los Angeles County Dept Hlth Svcs CDC TI Public health dispatch: Outbreaks of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections - Los Angeles County, California, 2002-2003 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 88, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Los Angeles Cty Jail, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Svcs, Los Angeles, CA USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Los Angeles Cty Jail, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 19 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 11 BP 1377 EP 1377 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 656PM UT WOS:000181616200013 ER PT J AU Ayala, C Mensah, GA Croft, JB AF Ayala, C Mensah, GA Croft, JB TI Trends in hypertension-related mortality in the United States, 1980-1998 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 52nd Annual Scientific Session of the American-College-of-Cardiology CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2003 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP American Coll Cardiol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0735-1097 J9 J AM COLL CARDIOL JI J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. PD MAR 19 PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 SU A BP 277A EP 277A PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 657LW UT WOS:000181669501211 ER PT J AU Ojaniemi, HP Evengard, B Whistler, T Lee, DR Unger, ER Vernon, SD AF Ojaniemi, HP Evengard, B Whistler, T Lee, DR Unger, ER Vernon, SD TI Approaches for using clinical samples with microarrays SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Karolinska Inst, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. Univ Hosp, Stockholm, Sweden. RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A773 EP A773 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796900086 ER PT J AU Steinau, M Rajeevan, MS Jones, JF Vernon, SD Taysavang, D Unger, ER AF Steinau, M Rajeevan, MS Jones, JF Vernon, SD Taysavang, D Unger, ER TI Use of differential display PCR (DD-PCR) to characterize exercise response in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 5 SU S BP A1191 EP A1191 PN 2 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 659UY UT WOS:000181796902068 ER PT J AU Horton, DK Berkowitz, Z Haugh, GS Orr, MF Kaye, WE AF Horton, DK Berkowitz, Z Haugh, GS Orr, MF Kaye, WE TI Acute public health consequences associated with hazardous substances released during transit, 1993-2000 SO JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE transportation; hazardous substances; chemical releases; adverse public health consequences AB Massive quantities of hazardous substances are transported each day throughout the United States. While most arrive safely at their destination, uncontrolled releases of substances in transit do occur and have the potential of causing acute public health consequences for those individuals at or near the release. Data from 16 state health departments participating in the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry's (ATSDR) Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system were analyzed to determine the public health consequences that occurred from actual releases in transit. Of the 9392 transportation events analyzed, 9.1% resulted in 2008 victims, including 115 deaths. The population groups injured most often were employees and the general public. The most common injury sustained was respiratory irritation. Evacuations were ordered in 5.5% of events effecting at least 63,686 people. Human error and equipment failure were the most common factors leading to events. These findings underscore the importance of job safety training, community planning, and effective emergency response to prevent adverse public health consequences from occurring or lessen their effect on the public. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Louisville, Outcomes Res Inst, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. RP Horton, DK (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dhorton@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3894 J9 J HAZARD MATER JI J. Hazard. Mater. PD MAR 17 PY 2003 VL 98 IS 1-3 BP 161 EP 175 AR PII S0304-3894(02)00315-1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 659XU UT WOS:000181804600011 PM 12628784 ER PT J AU Daniels, JL Longnecker, MP Klebanoff, MA Gray, KA Brock, JW Zhou, HB Chen, Z Needham, LL AF Daniels, JL Longnecker, MP Klebanoff, MA Gray, KA Brock, JW Zhou, HB Chen, Z Needham, LL TI Prenatal exposure to low-level polychlorinated biphenyls in relation to mental and motor development at 8 months SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE infant; mental status schedule; motor skills; polychlorinated biphenyls; prenatal exposure delayed effects ID HUMAN-MILK; PCBS; ORGANOCHLORINES; NEUROTOXICITY; METAANALYSIS; CONGENERS; DDE AB The relation between exposure to low levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a class of persistent organic pollutants, and.cognitive and motor development in young children has been examined in several studies, and results have varied. The authors evaluated the association between prenatal exposure to PCBs and children's neurodevelopment using data from the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Pregnant women were enrolled from 1959 to 1965 from 12 sites. across the United States. PCBs were measured in maternal serum taken during pregnancy. To measure children's mental and psychomotor development at 8 months of age, the authors administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (means, 87 (standard deviation, 15) and 88 (standard deviation, 18), respectively). Overall, they did not observe a relation between prenatal PCB exposure and children's mental or psychomotor scores (n = 1,207; multivariate adjusted beta = 01 point per mug/liter increase of PCB, p = 0.71, and beta = 0.5, p = 0.14, respectively). The PCB-psychomotor score relation varied by study center (p < 0.05): The association was direct in some centers, inverse in others. This could not be attributed to variation in the timing or measurement of the child's neurodevelopment or analysis of PCBs because these were standardized across centers. The reasons for variation in results within this study and across other studies remain unclear. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD USA. NIEHS, Chem Exposure & Mol Biol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Daniels, JL (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, CB 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 31 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 6 BP 485 EP 492 DI 10.1093/aje/kwg010 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 656MM UT WOS:000181611600002 PM 12631537 ER PT J AU Swan, J Breen, N Coates, RJ Rimer, BK Lee, NC AF Swan, J Breen, N Coates, RJ Rimer, BK Lee, NC TI Progress in cancer screening practices in the United States - Results from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE cancer screening; mammography; Pap; prostate specific antigen; colorectal screening; National Health Interview Survey ID PREVENTIVE SERVICES; COLORECTAL-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER; WOMEN; MAMMOGRAPHY; BREAST; CARE; PREDICTORS; GUIDELINES; RATIONALE AB BACKGROUND. Understanding differences in cancer screening among population groups in 2000 and successes or failures in reducing disparities over time among groups is important for planning a public health strategy to reduce or eliminate health disparities, a major goal of Healthy People 2010 national cancer screening objectives. In 2000, the new cancer control module added to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) collected more detailed information on cancer screening compared with previous surveys. METHODS. Data from the 2000 NHIS and earlier surveys were analyzed to discern patterns and trends in cancer screening practices, including Pap tests, mammography, prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening, and colorectal screening. The data are reported for population subgroups that were defined by a number of demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. RESULTS. Women who were least likely to have had a mammogram within the last 2 years were those with no usual source of health care (61%), women with no health insurance (67%), and women who immigrated to the United States within the last 10 years (61%). Results for Pap tests within the last 3 years were similar. Among both men and women, those least likely to have had a fecal occult blood test or endoscopy within the recommended screening interval had no usual source of care (14% for men and 18% for women), no health insurance (20% for men and 18% for women), or were recent immigrants (20% for men and 18% for women). An analysis of changes in test use since the 1987 survey indicates that the disparities are widening among groups with no usual source of care. CONCLUSIONS. No striking improvements have been observed for the groups with greatest need. Although screening use for most groups has increased since 1987, major disparities remain. Some groups, notably individuals with no usual source of care and the uninsured are falling further behind; and, according to the 2000 data, recent immigrants also experience a significant gap in screening utilization. More attention is needed to overcome screening barriers for these groups if the population benefits of cancer screening are to be achieved. C1 NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Swan, J (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, 6116 Execut Blvd,Room 5033, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 37 TC 547 Z9 555 U1 2 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 97 IS 6 BP 1528 EP 1540 DI 10.1002/cncr.11208 PG 13 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 652CL UT WOS:000181361900020 PM 12627518 ER PT J AU Glaser, CA Gilliam, S Schnurr, D Forghani, B Honarmand, S Khetsuriani, N Fischer, M Cossen, CK Anderson, LJ AF Glaser, CA Gilliam, S Schnurr, D Forghani, B Honarmand, S Khetsuriani, N Fischer, M Cossen, CK Anderson, LJ TI In search of encephalitis etiologies: Diagnostic challenges in the California Encephalitis Project, 1998-2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; ACUTE CHILDHOOD ENCEPHALITIS; UNITED-STATES; ROTAVIRUS ENCEPHALITIS; MYCOPLASMA-PNEUMONIAE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; ENCEPHALOPATHY; VIRUSES AB The California Encephalitis Project was initiated in June 1998 to identify the causes and characterize the clinical and epidemiologic features of encephalitis in California. Testing for greater than or equal to13 agents, including herpesviruses, enteroviruses, arboviruses, Bartonella species, Chlamydia species, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae, was performed at the Viral and Rickettsial Disease Laboratory (Richmond, California). Epidemiologic and clinical information collected for each case guided further testing. From June 1998 through December 2000, 334 patients who met our case definition of encephalitis were enrolled. A confirmed or probable viral agent of encephalitis was found in 31 cases (9%), a bacterial agent was found in 9 cases (3%), and a parasitic agent was found in 2 cases (1%). A possible etiology was identified in 41 cases (12%). A noninfectious etiology was identified in 32 cases (10%), and a nonencephalitis infection was identified in 11 (3%). Despite extensive testing and evaluation, the etiology of 208 cases (62%) remained unexplained. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Glaser, CA (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy, Richmond, CA 94804 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU915546-03] NR 37 TC 170 Z9 176 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 6 BP 731 EP 742 DI 10.1086/367841 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 653RQ UT WOS:000181451200008 PM 12627357 ER PT J AU Mirza, SA Phelan, M Rimland, D Graviss, E Hamill, R Brandt, ME Gardner, T Sattah, M de Leon, GP Baughman, W Hajjeh, RA AF Mirza, SA Phelan, M Rimland, D Graviss, E Hamill, R Brandt, ME Gardner, T Sattah, M de Leon, GP Baughman, W Hajjeh, RA TI The changing epidemiology of cryptococcosis: An update from population-based active surveillance in 2 large metropolitan areas, 1992-2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; NEGATIVE PATIENTS; UNITED-STATES; NEOFORMANS; INFECTIONS; AIDS; DIAGNOSIS; SURVIVAL AB To examine trends in the incidence and epidemiology of cryptococcosis, active, population-based surveillance was conducted during 1992-2000 in 2 areas of the United States (the Atlanta, Georgia, and Houston, Texas, metropolitan areas; combined population, 7.4 million). A total of 1491 incident cases were detected, of which 1322 (89%) occurred in HIV-infected persons. The annual incidence of cryptococcosis per 1000 persons with AIDS decreased significantly during the study period, from 66 in 1992 to 7 in 2000 in the Atlanta area, and from 24 in 1993 to 2 in 1994 in the Houston area. Poisson regression analysis revealed that African American persons with AIDS were more likely than white persons with AIDS to develop disease. Less than one-third of all HIV-infected persons with cryptococcosis were receiving antiretroviral therapy before diagnosis. Our findings suggest that HIV-infected persons who continue to develop cryptococcosis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the United States are those with limited access to health care. More efforts are needed to expand the availability of HAART and routine HIV care services to these persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 203 Z9 225 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 6 BP 789 EP 794 DI 10.1086/368091 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 653RQ UT WOS:000181451200017 PM 12627365 ER PT J AU Kitahata, MM Dillingham, PW Chaiyakunapruk, N Buskin, SE Jones, JL Harrington, RD Hooton, TM Holmes, KK AF Kitahata, MM Dillingham, PW Chaiyakunapruk, N Buskin, SE Jones, JL Harrington, RD Hooton, TM Holmes, KK TI Electronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinical reminder system improves adherence to practice guidelines among the university of Washington HIV study cohort SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PREVENTING OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEMS; SOCIETY USA PANEL; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS; UNITED-STATES; PERFORMANCE; EXPERIENCE; CARE AB We conducted a prospective study of an electronic clinical reminder system in an academic medical center-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) specialty clinic. Published performance indicators were used to examine adherence to HIV practice guidelines before and after its implementation for 1204 patients. More than 90% of patients received CD4 cell count and HIV type 1 (HIV-1) RNA level monitoring every 3-6 months during both time periods, and similar to80% of patients with a CD4 cell count nadir of <350 cells/mm(3) received highly active antiretroviral therapy. Patients were significantly more likely to receive prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex (hazard ratio, 3.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58-9.31; P = .003), to undergo annual cervical carcinoma screening (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 1.04-4.16; P = .04), and to undergo serological screening for Toxoplasma gondii (odds ratio [OR], 1.86; 95% CI, 1.05-3.27; P = .03) and syphilis infection (OR, 3.71; 95% CI, 2.37-5.81; P < .0001). HIV clinical reminders delivered at the time that HIV care is provided were associated with more timely initiation of recommended practices. C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Ctr AIDS Res, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pharm, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Dept Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kitahata, MM (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Ctr AIDS Res, Box 359931,325 9th Ave, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RI Dillingham, Peter/B-3972-2014 OI Dillingham, Peter/0000-0001-6302-3275 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27757, AI-01789]; NIDCD NIH HHS [CDC-D22967D] NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 6 BP 803 EP 811 DI 10.1086/368085 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 653RQ UT WOS:000181451200019 PM 12627367 ER PT J AU Mahanty, S Hutchinson, K Agarwal, S Mcrae, M Rollin, PE Pulendran, B AF Mahanty, S Hutchinson, K Agarwal, S Mcrae, M Rollin, PE Pulendran, B TI Impairment of dendritic cells and adaptive immunity by Ebola and lassa viruses SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CD4(+) T-CELLS; ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; GENE-EXPRESSION; TNF-ALPHA; INFECTION; MACROPHAGES; RESPONSES; FEVER; PATHOGENESIS; REPLICATION AB Acute infection of humans with Ebola and Lassa viruses, two principal etiologic agents of hemorrhagic fevers, often results in a paradoxical pattern of immune responses: early infection, characterized by an outpouring of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, vs late stage infections, which are associated with poor immune responses. The mechanisms underlying these diverse outcomes are poorly understood. In particular, the role played by cells of the innate immune system, such as dendritic cells (DC), is not known. In this study, we show that Ebola and Lassa viruses infect human monocyte-derived DC and impair their function. Monocyte-derived DC exposed to either virus fail to secrete proinflammatory cytokines, do not upregulate costimulatory molecules, and are poor stimulators of T cells. These data represent the first evidence for a mechanism by which Ebola and Lassa viruses target DC to impair adaptive immunity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Mahanty, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mahanty, Siddhartha/0000-0003-1068-0524 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 48638-01]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK 57665-01] NR 28 TC 206 Z9 220 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 170 IS 6 BP 2797 EP 2801 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 653AF UT WOS:000181412500002 PM 12626527 ER PT J AU Ackers, ML Parekh, B Evans, TG Berman, P Phillips, S Allen, M McDougal, JS AF Ackers, ML Parekh, B Evans, TG Berman, P Phillips, S Allen, M McDougal, JS TI Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositivity among uninfected HIV vaccine recipients SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infection CY FEB 24-28, 2002 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; EFFICACY TRIALS; RISK; DISCRIMINATION; PARTICIPATE; VOLUNTEERS; INFECTION; BLOOD; MEN AB Since 1987, >10,000 individuals worldwide have received immunizations with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preventive vaccine constructs. Many constructs elicit antibodies detected by standard serologic tests (enzyme immunoassays, rapid tests, and Western blots) and result in vaccine recipients' serum being identified as reactive and indicative of HIV infection. To determine the frequency of vaccine-induced HIV antibody among uninfected HIV vaccine trial participants and to identify factors associated with these results, serum samples from HIV-uninfected participants from selected United States phase I/II HIV-1 vaccine trials were tested with 6 serologic screening tests. Reactive specimens were tested by use of Western blot. Overall, 490 serum specimens from 461 vaccine recipients were tested; 100 (20.4%) reacted on at least 1 serologic test, and 65 (13%) were determined to be positive by Western blot. Canarypox or vaccinia vaccine recipients' serum with or without HIV envelope glycoprotein (gp120 or gp160) boosts accounted for all positive Western blot results; no positive Western blot results were obtained from gp120 subunit recipients. The potential for vaccine recipients being misclassified as HIV infected increased with vaccine complexity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Vaccine Sect, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol,Nat, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. VaxGen, Brisbane, CA USA. NIAID, AIDS Vaccine Evaluat Grp, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Vaccine Clin Res Branch, Div AIDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Ackers, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-07, Atlanta, GA 30306 USA. OI Allen, Mary/0000-0001-8163-0714 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 6 BP 879 EP 886 DI 10.1086/368169 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 653RL UT WOS:000181450800001 PM 12660933 ER PT J AU Fry, AM Rutman, M Allan, T Scaife, H Salehi, E Benson, R Fields, B Nowicki, S Parrish, MK Carpenter, J Brown, E Lucas, C Horgan, T Koch, E Besser, RE AF Fry, AM Rutman, M Allan, T Scaife, H Salehi, E Benson, R Fields, B Nowicki, S Parrish, MK Carpenter, J Brown, E Lucas, C Horgan, T Koch, E Besser, RE TI Legionnaires' disease outbreak in an automobile engine manufacturing plant SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PONTIAC FEVER; LEGIONELLA AB We investigated 4 cases of legionnaires' disease (LD) reported among workers at an Ohio automotive plant in March 2001. A "confirmed" case of LD was defined as x-ray-confirmed pneumonia and a confirmatory laboratory test. A "possible" case of LD was defined as elevated titers of antibody and respiratory symptoms. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (LP1) was isolated from 1 case patient. Legionella was isolated from 18 (9%) of 197 environmental samples; 3 isolates were LP1 but did not match the case isolate. We conducted a case-control study; 17 case patients with confirmed or possible LD and 86 control subjects (workers with low antibody titers and without symptoms) were enrolled. Visiting a specific cleaning line (odds ratio, [OR], 7.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.31-23.00) and working in the cleaning region of the plant (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.11-9.38) were associated with LD. LD can be transmitted in industrial settings in which aerosols are produced. Clinicians should consider LD when treating persons from these settings for pneumonia. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Cuyahoga Cty Board Hlth, Cleveland, OH USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Cleveland, OH USA. RP Besser, RE (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,MSC-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 6 BP 1015 EP 1018 DI 10.1086/368171 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 653RL UT WOS:000181450800017 PM 12660949 ER PT J AU Feldman, KA AF Feldman, KA TI Tularemia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; PNEUMONIC TULAREMIA; MARTHAS-VINEYARD; FELINE TULAREMIA; DOMESTIC CATS; CIPROFLOXACIN; BITE; ERYTHROMYCIN; OUTBREAK; ORGANISM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Feldman, KA (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Environm Hlth Invest Branch, 1515 Clay St,Ste 1700, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. NR 69 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 15 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 6 BP 725 EP 730 DI 10.2460/javma.2003.222.725 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 656GM UT WOS:000181600400013 PM 12675294 ER PT J AU Chavez, AL Wang, CY Wright, JD Kennedy-Stephenson, J AF Chavez, AL Wang, CY Wright, JD Kennedy-Stephenson, J TI Sodium intake and hypertension status among adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 NOVA Res Co, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. TRW Co Inc, Fairfax, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A296 EP A296 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101410 ER PT J AU Fazili, Z McCoy, LF Pfeiffer, CM AF Fazili, Z McCoy, LF Pfeiffer, CM TI Validation of a stable-isotope-labeled LC/MS/MS method for 5-methyltetrahydrofolate and folic acid in serum SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A312 EP A312 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101487 ER PT J AU Johnson, MA Fischer, JG Hawthorne, NA Gunter, EW AF Johnson, MA Fischer, JG Hawthorne, NA Gunter, EW TI Vitamin D insufficiency in the Georgia Older Americans Nutrition Program SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NHANES Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A691 EP A691 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103255 ER PT J AU Kennedy-Stephenson, J Wright, JD Wang, CY AF Kennedy-Stephenson, J Wright, JD Wang, CY TI Dietary behaviors to lower high blood cholesterol (HBC): Results from the national health and nutritional examination survey (NHANES) 1999-2000 SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 TRW Co Inc, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A291 EP A291 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101387 ER PT J AU Rybak, ME Pfeiffer, CM AF Rybak, ME Pfeiffer, CM TI Determination of vitamin B-6 vitamers and metabolites in serum by high performance liquid chromatography SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A718 EP A718 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733103378 ER PT J AU Zhang, M Pfeiffer, CM AF Zhang, M Pfeiffer, CM TI Evaluation of ESA HPLC homocysteine assay in comparison to the CDC reference HPLC method SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2003 Meeting CY APR 11-15, 2003 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 14 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 SU S BP A312 EP A312 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 658QZ UT WOS:000181733101486 ER PT J AU Franks, F Gilchrist, M Groepper, R Pentella, M Currier, R Quinlisk, P Lohff, C Rupprecht, C Reynolds, MG AF Franks, F Gilchrist, M Groepper, R Pentella, M Currier, R Quinlisk, P Lohff, C Rupprecht, C Reynolds, MG CA CDC TI Human rabies - Iowa, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 47-48, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 St Lukes Hosp, Cedar Rapids, IA 52402 USA. Univ Iowa, Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Franks, F (reprint author), St Lukes Hosp, Cedar Rapids, IA 52402 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 12 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 10 BP 1235 EP 1236 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653ZG UT WOS:000181466500007 ER PT J AU Mirchandani, H Johnson, C AF Mirchandani, H Johnson, C CA CDC TI Hypothermia-related deaths - Philadelphia, 2001, and United States, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 86-87, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID MORTALITY C1 Med Examiners Off, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Dis Control, Philadelphia, PA USA. CDC, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mirchandani, H (reprint author), Med Examiners Off, Edmonton, AB, Canada. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 12 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 10 BP 1236 EP 1238 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653ZG UT WOS:000181466500008 ER PT J AU Koepsell, T Moudon, AV Buchner, D AF Koepsell, T Moudon, AV Buchner, D TI Dangers to elderly pedestrians at crosswalks - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Washington, Harbor View Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Architecture & Urban Planning, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koepsell, T (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harbor View Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 12 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 10 BP 1245 EP 1245 DI 10.1001/jama.289.10.1245-a PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653ZG UT WOS:000181466500024 ER PT J AU Ayisi, JG van Eijk, AM ter Kuile, FO Kolczak, MS Otieno, JA Misore, AO Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL AF Ayisi, JG van Eijk, AM ter Kuile, FO Kolczak, MS Otieno, JA Misore, AO Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL TI The effect of dual infection with HIV and malaria on pregnancy outcome in western Kenya SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; intrauterine growth retardation; Kenya; low birthweight; malaria; preterm delivery ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; RURAL MALAWI; RISK-FACTORS; GROWTH-RETARDATION; PLACENTAL MALARIA; FETAL GROWTH; WOMEN; ANEMIA; PREVALENCE AB Objective: To determine the effect of dual infection with HIV and malaria on birth outcomes and maternal anaemia among women delivering at a large public hospital in Kisumu, western Kenya. Subjects and methods: Data on obstetric and neonatal characteristics, maternal and placental parasitaemia, and postpartum haemoglobin levels were collected from women enrolled in a cohort study of the interaction between malaria and HIV during pregnancy. Results: Between 1996 and 1999, data were available from 2466 singleton deliveries. The maternal HIV seroprevalence was 24.3%, and at delivery 22.0% of the women had evidence of malaria. Low birthweight, preterm delivery (PTD), intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and maternal anaemia (haemoglobin < 8 g/dl) occurred in 4.6, 6.7, 9.8 and 13.8% of deliveries, respectively. Maternal HIV, in the absence of malaria, was associated with a 99 g (95% CI 52-145) reduction in mean birthweight among all gravidae. Malaria was associated with both IUGR and PTD, resulting in a reduction in mean birthweight of 145 g (95% CI 82-209) among HIV-seronegative and 206 g (95% CI 115-298) among HIV-seropositive primigravidae, but not among multigravidae. Both HIV and malaria were significant risk factors for postpartum maternal anaemia, and HIV-seropositive women with malaria were twice as likely to have anaemia than HIV-seronegative women with or without malaria. Conclusion: Women with dual infection are at particular risk of adverse birth outcomes. In areas with a moderate or high prevalence of HIV and malaria, all pregnant women should be the focus of malaria and anaemia control efforts to improve birth outcomes. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. World Hlth Org, Roll Back Malaria, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Ayisi, JG (reprint author), Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 39 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 7 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 585 EP 594 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000042977.95433.37 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 653KT UT WOS:000181434900014 PM 12598779 ER PT J AU van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG Ter Kuile, FO Misore, AO Otieno, JA Rosen, DH Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL AF van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG Ter Kuile, FO Misore, AO Otieno, JA Rosen, DH Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL TI HIV increases the risk of malaria in women of all gravidities in Kisumu, Kenya SO AIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hygiene DE Africa; HIV infection; malaria; pregnancy; women ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT; PLACENTAL MALARIA; PREGNANT-WOMEN; AREA; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; RESPONSES; INFECTION; EFFICACY AB Objective: To study the importance of HIV infection for malaria in pregnancy in Kisumu, Kenya. Subjects and methods: Healthy women with an uncomplicated pregnancy of 32 weeks or more attending the prenatal clinic in the Provincial Hospital between June 1996 and March 1999 were tested for HIV and malaria after consent had been obtained. For participating women who delivered in the same hospital, a blood smear of the mother and the placenta were obtained. Results: In the third trimester, 5093 women consented to testing: the prevalence of malaria and HIV was 20.1 and 24.9%, respectively. Among the 2502 screened women who delivered in the hospital, the prevalence of HIV, peripheral parasitaemia and placental malaria was 24.5, 15.2, and 19.0%, respectively. Compared with HIV-seronegative women, HIV-seropositive women were more likely to be parasitaemic, to have higher parasite densities, and to be febrile when parasitaemic. Placental infections in HIV-seropositive women were more likely to be chronic, as indicated by the presence of moderate to heavy pigment depositions. When adjusted by age, the typical gravid ity-specific pattern of malaria in pregnancy disappeared in HIV-seropositive women; HIV-seropositive primigravidae had a similar risk of malaria as HIV-seropositive multigravidae. The excess malaria attributable to HIV in the third trimester increased from 34.6% among HIV-seropositive primigravidae, to 41.5% among HIV-seropositive secundigravidae, and 50.7% among HIV-seropositive gravidae with three or more pregnancies. Conclusion: HIV infection alters patterns of malaria in pregnant women; in areas with both infections, all pregnant women should use malaria prevention. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kenya Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van Eijk, AM (reprint author), POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 22 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD MAR 7 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 4 BP 595 EP 603 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000042975.95433.a5 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 653KT UT WOS:000181434900015 PM 12598780 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Schieve, LA Peterson, HB AF Reynolds, MA Schieve, LA Peterson, HB TI Insurance coverage and outcomes of in vitro fertilization SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD MAR 6 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 10 BP 958 EP 959 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 651UU UT WOS:000181341100029 PM 12621143 ER PT J CA CDC TI Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication - Ethiopia, Somalia, and Sudan, January 2001-October 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1070-1072, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Country Off Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. WHO, Reg Off Eastren Mediterranean, Polio Eradicat Programme, Cairo, Egypt. WHO, Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), WHO, Country Off Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 5 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 9 BP 1095 EP 1097 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 650XM UT WOS:000181289400009 ER PT J AU Leighton, C Piper, D Gunderman-King, J Rea, V Gensheimer, K Randolph, J Danforth, R Webber, L Pritchard, E Beckett, G Shinde, V Facklam, R Whitney, C Hayes, N Flannery, B AF Leighton, C Piper, D Gunderman-King, J Rea, V Gensheimer, K Randolph, J Danforth, R Webber, L Pritchard, E Beckett, G Shinde, V Facklam, R Whitney, C Hayes, N Flannery, B CA CDC TI Pneumococcal conjunctivitis at an elementary school - Maine, September 20-December 6, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 64-66, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Maine Bur Hlth, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Leighton, C (reprint author), Maine Bur Hlth, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 5 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 9 BP 1097 EP 1098 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 650XM UT WOS:000181289400010 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Gerzoff, RB Thompson, TJ Williamson, DF AF Gregg, EW Gerzoff, RB Thompson, TJ Williamson, DF TI Intentional weight loss and death in overweight and obese US adults 35 years of age and older SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; BODY-WEIGHT; LIFE-STYLE; MEN; HEALTH; TRIAL; WOMEN; DIET; INTERVENTION AB Background: Although weight loss improves risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic disease, it is unclear whether intentional weight loss reduces mortality rates. Objective: To examine the relationships among intention to lose weight, weight loss, and all-cause mortality. Design: Prospective cohort study using a probability sample of the U.S. population. Setting: Interviewer-administered survey. Participants: 6391 overweight and obese persons (body mass index greater than or equal to 25 kg/m(2)) who were at least 35 years of age. Measurements: Intention to lose weight and weight change during the past year were assessed by self-report in 1989. Vital status was followed for 9 years. Hazard rate ratios (HRRs) were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, smoking, health status, health care utilization, and initial body mass index. Results: Compared with persons not trying to lose weight and reporting no weight change, those reporting intentional weight loss had a 24% lower mortality rate (HRR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.60 to 0.97]) and those with unintentional weight loss had a 31% higher mortality rate (HRR, 1.31 [CI, 1.01 to 1.70]). However, mortality rates were lower in persons who reported trying to lose weight than those in not trying to lose weight, independent of actual weight change. Compared with persons not trying to lose weight and reporting no weight change, persons trying to lose weight had the following HRRs: no weight change, 0.80 (CI, 0.65 to 0.99); gained weight, 0.94 (CI, 0.65 to 1.37); and lost weight, 0.76 (CI, 0.60 to 0.97). Conclusions: Attempted weight loss is associated with lower all-cause mortality, independent of weight change. Self-reported intentional weight loss is associated with lower mortality rates, and weight loss is associated with higher mortality rates only if it is unintentional. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 134 Z9 138 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD MAR 4 PY 2003 VL 138 IS 5 BP 383 EP 389 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 650HJ UT WOS:000181257300003 PM 12614090 ER PT J AU Charles, PT Vora, GJ Andreadis, JD Fortney, AJ Meador, CE Dulcey, CS Stenger, DA AF Charles, PT Vora, GJ Andreadis, JD Fortney, AJ Meador, CE Dulcey, CS Stenger, DA TI Fabrication and surface characterization of DNA microarrays using amine- and thiol-terminated oligonucleotide probes SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID COVALENT ATTACHMENT; ARRAYS; HYBRIDIZATION; DENSITY; CYCLOCONDENSATION; ISOTHIOCYANATES; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; SUPPORTS; GROWTH AB A versatile chemistry utilizing the homobifunctional cross-linker 1,4-phenylene diisothiocyanate (PDC) to attach both amine- and thiol-terminated oligonucleotides to aminosilane-coated slides was examined in a microarray format. Three common aminosilanes, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS),N-(2-aminoethyl)3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, and MP7(aminoethyl-aminomethyl) phenethyltrimethoxysilane, were coated onto glass slides and silicon wafers and characterized using contact angle goniometry, ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Evaluation of the aminosilane-modified surfaces using contact angle measurements, LTV-vis spectroscopy, and covalent attachment of a Cy5-conjugated N-hydroxysuccinimide ester reporter molecule suggested that derivatization of the surface with APS + PDC resulted in the best overall coverage. Microarrays printed using APS + PDC chemistry to immobilize both amine- and thiol-terminated oligonucleotides resulted in rapid attachment, uniform spot morphology, and minimal background fluorescence. Both amine- and thiol-terminated oligonucleotides showed comparable attachment, although greater attachment and hybridization efficiencies were observed with amine-functionalized molecules at saturating printing densities. The data highlight the influence of surface chemistry on both immobilization and hybridization and, by extrapolation, on microarray data analysis. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. George Mason Univ, Ctr Bioresource Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. RP Charles, PT (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Code 6910,4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Vora, Gary/0000-0002-0657-8597 NR 27 TC 70 Z9 71 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 4 PY 2003 VL 19 IS 5 BP 1586 EP 1591 DI 10.1021/la026347s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 651FJ UT WOS:000181309600020 ER PT J AU Duraisingh, MT Triglia, T Ralph, SA Rayner, JC Barnwell, JW McFadden, GI Cowman, AF AF Duraisingh, MT Triglia, T Ralph, SA Rayner, JC Barnwell, JW McFadden, GI Cowman, AF TI Phenotypic variation of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite proteins directs receptor targeting for invasion of human erythrocytes SO EMBO JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE invasion; malaria; merozoite; P. falciparum; targeted gene disruption ID RETICULOCYTE BINDING-PROTEINS; YOELII ADHESIVE PROTEINS; KDA RHOPTRY PROTEIN; RED-BLOOD-CELL; VIVAX; GLYCOPHORIN; MALARIA; FAMILY; EXPRESSION; GENES AB The members of the phylum Apicomplexa parasitize a wide range of eukaryotic host cells. Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for the most virulent form of malaria, invades human erythrocytes using several specific and high affinity ligand-receptor interactions that define invasion pathways. We find that members of the P.falciparum reticulocyte-binding homolog protein family, PfRh2a and PfRh2b, are expressed variantly in different lines. Targeted gene disruption shows that PfRh2b mediates a novel invasion pathway and that it functions independently of other related proteins. Phenotypic variation of the PfRh protein family allows P.falciparum to exploit different patterns of receptors on the erythrocyte surface and thereby respond to polymorphisms in erythrocyte receptors and to evade the host immune system. C1 Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Sch Bot, Plant Cell Biol Res Ctr, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Cowman, AF (reprint author), Walter & Eliza Hall Inst Med Res, Melbourne, Vic 3050, Australia. RI Cowman, Alan/C-7642-2013; McFadden, Geoffrey McFadden/F-7667-2014 OI Cowman, Alan/0000-0001-5145-9004; NR 36 TC 167 Z9 170 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0261-4189 J9 EMBO J JI Embo J. PD MAR 3 PY 2003 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1047 EP 1057 DI 10.1093/emboj/cdg096 PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 652XN UT WOS:000181406300007 PM 12606570 ER PT J AU Hill, RH AF Hill, RH TI What employers want their prospective employees to know about safety SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 225th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 23-27, 2003 CL NEW ORLEANS, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Ctr Dis Control, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM rhh2@cdc.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 225 MA 023-CHAS BP U294 EP U294 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 761PU UT WOS:000187917801302 ER PT J AU Allen, DR Carey, JW Manopaiboon, C Jenkins, RA Uthaivoravit, W Kilmarx, PH van Griensven, F AF Allen, DR Carey, JW Manopaiboon, C Jenkins, RA Uthaivoravit, W Kilmarx, PH van Griensven, F TI Sexual health risks among young Thai women: Implications for HIV/STD prevention and contraception SO AIDS AND BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE HIV; STD; unintended pregnancy; sexual health risks; female adolescents; Thailand ID NORTHERN THAILAND; TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; HIV-1 SEROPREVALENCE; DRUG-USE; MEN; BEHAVIOR; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; PROGRAM; AIDS AB This paper examines. factors that may place female Thai adolescents and young adults at risk for HIV, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and unintended pregnancies. A total of 832 female vocational students participated in a cross-sectional audio-computer-assisted self-interview (ACASI) survey after providing informed consent. The questionnaire covered. sociodemographic characteristics; knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to HIV and STDs; contraceptive practices; sexual experiences and behaviors; and drug use. Oral fluid was tested for HIV antibodies and urine was tested for illicit drugs and for the presence of gonococcal or chlamydial nucleic acids. A total of 359 women (43.1%) reported sexual intercourse history, with an average age at first sex of 17.6 years, and a 2.6 mean number of lifetime sex partners. Twenty-one percent of the entire sample reported coerced sexual contact or intercourse. Among those with sexual intercourse experience, 27.3% (n = 98) had been pregnant and the majority of their most recent pregnancies were terminated. Three tested positive for HIV antibodies. Sexually active young Thai women report behaviors or experiences that may expose them to HIV/STD infection and unintended pregnancy in the future. These include unprotected intercourse, sexual coercion, low levels of contraceptive use, and drug and alcohol use. Culturally appropriate interventions that increase their awareness of and ability to respond to these sexual health risks are needed. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Chiang Rai Provincial Hosp, Chaing Rai, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP van Griensven, F (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Program, Thailand MOPH US CDC Collaborat, DMS Bldg 6, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. RI van Griensven, Frits/G-4719-2013 OI van Griensven, Frits/0000-0002-0971-2843 NR 50 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1090-7165 J9 AIDS BEHAV JI AIDS behav. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 7 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1023/A:1022553121782 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 710RN UT WOS:000184693400002 PM 14534386 ER PT J AU Hasbrouck, LM Taliano, J Hirshon, JM Dannenberg, AL AF Hasbrouck, LM Taliano, J Hirshon, JM Dannenberg, AL TI Use of epidemiology in clinical medical publications, 1983-1999: A citation analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clinical medicine; epidemiology; public health; publishing AB Epidemiologists respond to the information needs of health professionals. Although medical professionals are routine users of epidemiologic information, use within medical specialties varies remarkably. To explore the variation in use of epidemiologic information across clinical medical specialties, the authors examined the scientific literature by analyzing patterns of citation of specific journal articles to and by the American Journal of Epidemiology (AJE). A total of 178,396 journal citations to and 126,478 citations by AJE were made from 1983 through 1999; citations were classified according to the subject category of the referencing or referenced journal. Clinical medical journals accounted for 50.6% of all citations combined (both referenced to and referenced by AJE); general/internal medicine (17.9%), cancer (10.4%), and cardiovascular (4.9%) journals had the highest number of citations. Few citations to and by AJE were found in publications specializing in dermatology, gastroenterology, orthopedics, allergy, anesthesiology, surgery, rheumatology, and other areas. Trend patterns of citations between clinical and epidemiologic literature indicated that citations to the fields of cardiovascular disease and cancer are increasing, whereas citations regarding pediatrics have remained stable. This analysis suggests an increasing interchange of information between epidemiologists and clinicians specializing in certain fields, uncovering potential research opportunities for epidemiologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Commun Resources, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Div Emergency Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hasbrouck, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Hirshon, Jon Mark/0000-0002-5247-529X NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 5 BP 399 EP 408 DI 10.1093/aje/KWF218 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 652ZN UT WOS:000181410900003 PM 12615604 ER PT J AU Des Jarlais, DC Diaz, T Perlis, T Vlahov, D Maslow, C Latka, M Rockwell, R Edwards, V Friedman, SR Monterroso, E Williams, I Garfein, RS AF Des Jarlais, DC Diaz, T Perlis, T Vlahov, D Maslow, C Latka, M Rockwell, R Edwards, V Friedman, SR Monterroso, E Williams, I Garfein, RS TI Variability in the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus infection among young injecting drug users in New York City SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cohort studies; hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C-like viruses; HIV; injections; intravenous; substance-related disorders ID RISK-FACTORS; HIV; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIC AB Cohort studies of young (aged 18-30 years) injecting drug users recruited in 1997-1999 in the Harlem and Lower East Side areas of New York City, New York, were used to assess the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The authors found that HIV incidence was low at both sites: 0.8/100 person-years at the Harlem site and 0/100 person-years at the Lower East Side site. In contrast, HBV incidence was moderate (12.2/100 person-years) at the Harlem site and high (30.7/100 person-years) at the Lower East Side site. Similarly, HCV incidence was moderate (9.3/100 person-years) at the Harlem site and high (34.0/100 person-years) at the Lower East Side site. Results show that high rates of HBV and HCV transmission do not imply high rates of HIV transmission, even within an area of high HIV seroprevalence. C1 Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. Natl Dev & Res Inst, Ctr AIDS Res, New York, NY USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Thailand US Collaborat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Des Jarlais, DC (reprint author), Beth Israel Med Ctr, Baron Edmond de Rothschild Chem Dependency Inst, 1st Ave & E 16th St, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 13 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 5 BP 467 EP 471 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf222 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 652ZN UT WOS:000181410900010 PM 12615611 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Botto, L Friedman, JM Flanders, WD AF Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Botto, L Friedman, JM Flanders, WD TI Improving the prediction of complex diseases by testing for multiple disease-susceptibility genes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; LIKELIHOOD RATIOS; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; DNA CHIPS; THROMBOEMBOLISM; POPULATION; MEDICINE; GENETICS AB Studies have argued that genetic testing will provide limited information for predicting the probability of common diseases, because of the incomplete penetrance of genotypes and the low magnitude of associated risks for the general population. Such studies, however, have usually examined the effect of one gene at time. We argue that disease prediction for common multifactorial diseases is greatly improved by considering multiple predisposing genetic and environmental factors concurrently, provided that the model correctly reflects the underlying disease etiology. We show how likelihood ratios can be used to combine information from several genetic tests to compute the probability of developing a multifactorial disease. To show how concurrent use of multiple genetic tests improves the prediction of a multifactorial disease, we compute likelihood ratios by logistic regression with simulated case-control data for a hypothetical disease influenced by multiple genetic and environmental risk factors. As a practical example, we also apply this approach to venous thrombosis, a multifactorial disease influenced by multiple genetic and nongenetic risk factors. Under reasonable conditions, the concurrent use of multiple genetic tests markedly improves prediction of disease. For example, the concurrent use of a panel of three genetic tests (factor V Leiden, prothrombin variant G20210A, and protein C deficiency) increases the positive predictive value of testing for venous thrombosis at least eightfold. Multiplex genetic testing has the potential to improve the clinical validity of predictive testing for common multifactorial diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 31 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 IS 3 BP 636 EP 649 DI 10.1086/367923 PG 14 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 648LJ UT WOS:000181152600013 PM 12592605 ER PT J AU Allen, AS Rathouz, PJ Satten, GA AF Allen, AS Rathouz, PJ Satten, GA TI Informative missingness in genetic association studies: Case-parent designs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION/DISEQUILIBRIUM TEST; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; TRANSMISSION; FAMILY; MODELS; TRIADS AB We consider the effect of informative missingness on association tests that use parental genotypes as controls and that allow for missing parental data. Parental data can be informatively missing when the probability of a parent being available for study is related to that parent's genotype; when this occurs, the distribution of genotypes among observed parents is not representative of the distribution of genotypes among the missing parents. Many previously proposed procedures that allow for missing parental data assume that these distributions are the same. We propose association tests that behave well when parental data are informatively missing, under the assumption that, for a given trio of paternal, maternal, and affected offspring genotypes, the genotypes of the parents and the sex of the missing parents, but not the genotype of the affected offspring, can affect parental missingness. (This same assumption is required for validity of an analysis that ignores incomplete parent-offspring trios.) We use simulations to compare our approach with previously proposed procedures, and we show that if even small amounts of informative missingness are not taken into account, they can have large, deleterious effects on the performance of tests. C1 Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Biostat & Bioinformat, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Duke Clin Res Inst, Durham, NC USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Satten, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop F-24,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 20 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 IS 3 BP 671 EP 680 DI 10.1086/368276 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 648LJ UT WOS:000181152600016 PM 12592606 ER PT J AU Bailer, AJ Bena, JF Stayner, LT Halperin, WE Park, RM AF Bailer, AJ Bena, JF Stayner, LT Halperin, WE Park, RM TI External cause-specific summaries of occupational fatal injuries. Part I: An analysis of rates SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE E-codes; electrocution; fall injuries; machine injuries ID UNITED-STATES; WORK INJURIES; DEATH AB Background Industries and occupations vary with respect to the incidence of fatal injuries and their causes. Methods Fatalities from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatality database (years 1983-1994) serve as the basis for examining external cause of death code specific rates. Industries and occupations are compared with respect to rate and frequency of fatal injuries. In addition, external causes of injury (E-codes) are examined across all industries and occupations as well as within industries and occupations to evaluate which events would be identified by frequency ordered comparisons versus injury rate ordered comparisons. Results Machinery, electric current, homicide, falls, and transportation-related events are identified by high frequency and rate of occurrence. Conclusions The external cause categories of homicide, machinery-related, motor-vehicle-related, electric current, and falls, account for over one-half of all occupational fatal injuries. Targeted interventions in homicide may be especially warranted in sales and service occupations and in the retail trade and services industries. In addition, younger workers might be targeted for special interventions designed to identify hazardous practices, procedures, and solutions to reduce fatalities associated with electrocution or falls from buildings. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. (dagger) C1 Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Newark, NJ USA. RP Bailer, AJ (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 31 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 237 EP 250 DI 10.1002/ajim.10184 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 649LB UT WOS:000181208900002 PM 12594771 ER PT J AU Bailer, AJ Bena, JF Stayner, LT Halperin, WE Park, RM AF Bailer, AJ Bena, JF Stayner, LT Halperin, WE Park, RM TI External cause-specific summaries of occupational fatal injuries. Part II: An analysis of years of potential life lost SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE YPLL; E-codes; electrocution; fall injuries AB Background Fatal injury surveillance data provide an opportunity to assess the impact of occupational injuries and may indicate which industries or occupations are appreciably more hazardous than others, and thus should be given priority in public health intervention. Methods Fatalities from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatality surveillance system served as the basis for examining external cause (E-code) specific impact summaries. Years of potential life lost (YPLL) were calculated for fatal injuries in the years 1983-1994. Industries and occupations were compared with respect to frequency of fatal injuries. In addition, injuries in categories of external causes are examined across all industries and occupations. Results Machinery, electric current, homicide, falls, and transportation-related are the external cause groups highlighted by high frequency/rate of occurrence. Electric current event groups are also characterized by high average YPLL. Poisoning, conflagration, and lightning were also identified in several occupations as having high associated average YPLL. Conclusions The external-cause-specific analysis of average YPLL identified industries and occupations where, on average, younger workers were dying in fatal injuries. Noteworthy in this assessment were homicides and falls. The YPLL measure coupled with more commonly employed indices (e.g., rates) may provide a fuller description of the impact of occupational fatal injuries. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Newark, NJ USA. RP Bailer, AJ (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 251 EP 261 DI 10.1002/ajim.10190 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 649LB UT WOS:000181208900003 PM 12594772 ER PT J AU Park, RM Bailer, AJ Stayner, LT Halperin, W Gilbert, SJ Smith, RJ Bena, JF AF Park, RM Bailer, AJ Stayner, LT Halperin, W Gilbert, SJ Smith, RJ Bena, JF TI RE: An alternate characterization of hazard in occupational epidemiology: Years of life lost per years worked. Am J Ind Med 42 : 1-10, 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Newark, NJ USA. RP Park, RM (reprint author), NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Educ & Informat Div, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 43 IS 3 BP 334 EP 334 DI 10.1002/ajim.10206 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 649LB UT WOS:000181208900013 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM Hillis, SD AF Curtis, KM Hillis, SD TI The endometrial-myometrial interface - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. World Hlth Org, Dept Reprod Hlth & Res, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, MS-K34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM kmc@cdc.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 188 IS 3 BP 857 EP 858 DI 10.1067/mob.2003.190a PG 2 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 658XH UT WOS:000181746000051 ER PT J AU Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Gonzalez, AE Verastegui, M Rodriguez, S Gavidia, C Tsang, VCW Falcon, N Lescano, AG Moulton, LH Bernal, T Tovar, M AF Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Gonzalez, AE Verastegui, M Rodriguez, S Gavidia, C Tsang, VCW Falcon, N Lescano, AG Moulton, LH Bernal, T Tovar, M CA Cysticercosis Working Grp Peru TI Hyperendemic human and porcine Taenia solium infection in Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RURAL GUATEMALAN COMMUNITIES; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CEREBRAL CYSTICERCOSIS; COPROANTIGEN DETECTION; EPILEPTIC SEIZURES; MAJOR CAUSE; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; DIAGNOSIS; VILLAGE; MEXICO AB The prevalence and characteristics of human taeniasis/cysticercosis and porcine cysticercosis were assessed in an endemic area of the Peruvian highlands. Individuals from 10 communities had stool examinations (N = 2,951) and serologic testing for Taenia solium antibodies (N = 2,583). The total porcine population present (N = 703) was also examined by serology. Cysticercosis is hyperendemic in this area and is associated with an important number of seizure cases. Human seroprevalence by village ranged from 7.1-26.9% (mean, 13.9%). Seroprevalence was higher among individuals with a history of seizures but not in those reporting a history of headache or intestinal taeniasis. Prevalence of taeniasis ranged from 0-6.7% (median, 2.5%). Coproantigen detection found 2.4 times more taeniasis cases than did microscopy (direct and after concentration). Age distribution for taeniasis showed a peak at younger ages than for seroprevalence. Porcine seroprevalence ranged from 42-75%. Random effects logistic regression models for human seropositivity demonstrated both in-house clustering of cases and a large increase in risk associated with a tapeworm carrier in the house. Besides confirming the close relationship between taeniasis and cysticercosis cases, this large-scale field study demonstrated early age of tapeworm and cysticercosis infections in humans, and short duration of taeniasis infections. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima 31, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Dept Transmissable Dis, Lima, Peru. Asociac Benef PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Parasit Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gilman, RH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Room 3501, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM rgilman@jhsph.edu RI Lescano, Andres/B-8479-2008; OI Lescano, Andres/0000-0001-9779-633X; Jimenez Chunga, Juan Atilio/0000-0002-6431-8371; Moulton, Lawrence/0000-0001-7041-7387; Gavidia, Cesar Miguel/0000-0003-3936-5077 FU PHS HHS [1-U-19-A145431-01] NR 56 TC 67 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 BP 268 EP 275 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 657QL UT WOS:000181677800005 PM 12685628 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Jeffery, GM AF Collins, WE Jeffery, GM TI A retrospective examination of mosquito infection on humans infected with Plasmodium falciparum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB A retrospective examination was made of archival data collected between 1940 and 1963 on the infection of mosquitoes with Plasmodium falciparum. Patients were undergoing malariatherapy for the treatment of neurosyphilis. A total of 913 lots of Anopheles quadrimaculatus and An. albimanus were fed on 173 patients. Mosquito infection continued to occur in a few patients beyond 200 days of patent parasitemia. The primary period of mosquito infection occurred during the first 20 days of gametocytemia. Of the 311 lots of mosquitoes fed during this period, 209 (67.20%) were infected, and of these, 163 had greater than 50% of the mosquitoes in the lots infected with at least one oocyst. During secondary periods of gametocytemia, 293 (78.76%) of 372 lots of mosquitoes were infected. The highest percentages of mosquitoes were infected from four days before to four days following peak gametocyte density. Mosquito infection rates were similar to those seen in studies with splenectomized Aotus monkeys experimentally infected with P. falciparum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-36,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 5 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 68 IS 3 BP 366 EP 371 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 657QL UT WOS:000181677800023 PM 12685646 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Zhou, H Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW AF Longnecker, MP Zhou, H Klebanoff, MA Brock, JW TI An unexpected distribution of sodium concentration in serum specimens stored for more than 30 years SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE sodium; blood; cohort studies; epidemiology; clinical chemistry; desiccation ID BREAST-CANCER; PREGNANCY; BIRTH; METABOLITE; PSYCHOSIS; WOMEN; RISK AB PURPOSE: Sera from over 50,000 pregnant women in the Collaborative Perinatal Project have been frozen at -20degreesC since 1959 to 1966, and with the health data on their offspring constitute a resource that is still actively used. In two studies using these specimens, we measured sodium concentration to assess desiccation. METHODS: Sodium was measured in over 5,000 specimens by two different methods. For 10 specimens with unusually low sodium values, a substudy was done to investigate the cause. RESULTS: High sodium levels (>140 mmol/L) were present in more than 20% of specimens, and levels were unusually low (<130 mmol/L) in more than 40% of specimens. The substudy showed that filtering the specimens increased sodium levels and that about 14% of the sodium was trapped in particulate matter. CONCLUSIONS: High sodium levels in these specimens were probably due to desiccation and possibly to leaching of sodium from the glass containers. Low sodium levels were probably caused by the particulate matter, which clogged the analytical sampling devices and also trapped sodium. In serum specimens that have been stored for long periods, use of routine laboratory procedures for analysis can yield erroneous results. Furthermore, measured analyte levels can be affected by more than just degradation and desiccation. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. OI Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 3 BP 178 EP 181 AR PII S1047-2797(02)00415-5 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00415-5 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 654ZC UT WOS:000181526000005 PM 12604161 ER PT J AU Maynard, AD AF Maynard, AD TI Estimating aerosol surface area from number and mass concentration measurements SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE aerosol; surface area; exposure assessment; ultrafine aerosol; number concentration; mass concentration ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; EPIPHANIOMETER AB A number of toxicology studies have been published indicating that health effects associated with low-solubility inhaled particles may be more appropriately associated with particulate surface area than mass. While exposure data from the workplace is needed to further investigate the relevance of such an association, the means of measuring exposure to aerosol surface area are not readily available. A possible interim solution is to estimate surface area from measurements of particle number and mass concentration using readily available direct-reading instruments. By assuming a lognormal aerosol size distribution with a specific geometric standard deviation, number and mass concentration measurements may be used to estimate the surface area concentration associated with the distribution. Simulations have shown that surface area estimates made on unimodal lognormal aerosols will frequently lie within 100% of the actual value. Simulations using bimodal distributions indicate estimates of surface area vary from the actual value by less than an order of magnitude. Calculations based on experimental unimodal and bimodal data confirm these findings, with estimated surface area rarely being a factor of 4 greater than the actual value, and frequently being much closer than this. These findings indicate that estimating aerosol surface area exposure using readily available number and mass concentration direct-reading instruments may be suitable for providing initial data on the magnitude of surface area exposures with minimal additional effort. This would allow the accumulation of valuable exposure-response data prior to the development and implementation of more sophisticated instrumentation to more accurately estimate surface area exposure. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Maynard, AD (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 16 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 47 IS 2 BP 123 EP 144 DI 10.1093/annhyg/meg022 PG 22 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 650EV UT WOS:000181250600004 PM 12581997 ER PT J AU Richards, C Edwards, J Culver, D Emori, TG Tolson, J Gaynes, R AF Richards, C Edwards, J Culver, D Emori, TG Tolson, J Gaynes, R CA Ctr Dis Control Prevention TI Does using a laparoscopic approach to cholecystectomy decrease the risk of surgical site infection? SO ANNALS OF SURGERY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Decennial International Conference on Nosocomial and Healthcare-Associated Infections in Conjunction with the 10th Annual Meeting of SHEA CY MAR 05-09, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP SHEA ID NOSOCOMIAL-INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE-SYSTEM; RATES; NNIS AB Objective To assess the impact of laparoscopy on surgical site infections (SSIs) following cholecystectomy in a large population of patients Summary Background Data Previous investigations have demonstrated that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a shorter postoperative stay and fewer overall complications. Less is known about the impact of laparoscopy on the risk for SSIs. Methods Epidemiologic analysis was performed on data collected during a 7-year period (1992-1999) by participating hospitals in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System in the United States. Results For 54,504 inpatient cholecystectomy procedures reported, use of the laparoscopic technique increased from 59% in 1992 to 79% in 1999. The overall rate of SSI was significantly lower for laparoscopic cholecystectomy than for open cholecystectomy. Overall, infecting organisms were similar for both approaches. Even after controlling for other significant factors, the risk for SSI was lower in patients undergoing the laparoscopic technique than the open technique. Conclusions Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a lower risk for SSI than open cholecystectomy, even after adjusting for other risk factors. For interhospital comparisons, SSI rates following cholecystectomy should be stratified by the type of technique. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Richards, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-55,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 48 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-4932 J9 ANN SURG JI Ann. Surg. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 237 IS 3 BP 358 EP 362 DI 10.1097/00000658-200303000-00009 PG 5 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 730MG UT WOS:000185834100010 PM 12616119 ER PT J AU Barrientos, LG O'Keefe, BR Bray, M Anthony, S Gronenborn, AM Boyd, MR AF Barrientos, LG O'Keefe, BR Bray, M Anthony, S Gronenborn, AM Boyd, MR TI Cyanovirin-N binds to the viral surface glycoprotein, GP(1,2) and inhibits infectivity of Ebola virus SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE cyanovirin-N; virucidal agent; HIV; Ebola filovirus; enveloped viruses ID HIV-INACTIVATING PROTEIN; VIRION GLYCOPROTEINS; ENVELOPED VIRUSES; GP120; IMMUNIZATION; THERAPY; VACCINE; FUSION; MICE; CD4 AB Ebola virus (Ebo) causes severe hemorrhagic fever and high mortality in humans. There are currently no effective therapies. Here, we have explored potential anti-Ebo activity of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-inactivating protein cyanovirin-N (CV-N). CV-N is known to potently inhibit the infectivity of a broad spectrum of HIV strains at the level of viral entry. This involves CV-N binding to N-linked high-mannose oligossacharides on the viral glycoprotein gp120. The Ebola envelope contains somewhat similar oligosaccharide constituents, suggesting possible susceptibility to inhibition by CV-N. Our initial results revealed that CV-N had both in vitro and in vivo antiviral activity against the Zaire strain of the Ebola virus (Ebo-Z). Addition of CV-N to the cell culture medium at the time of Ebo-Z infection inhibited the development of viral cytopathic effects (CPEs). CV-N also delayed the death of Ebo-Z-infected mice, both when given as a series of daily subcutaneous injections and when the virus was incubated ex vivo together with CV-N before inoculation into the mice. Furthermore, similar to earlier results with HIV gp120, CV-N bound with considerable affinity to the Ebola surface envelope glycoprotein, GP(1,2). Competition experiments with free oligosaccharides were consistent with the view that carbohydrate-mediated CV-N/GP(1,2) interactions involve oligosaccharides residing on the Ebola viral envelope. Overall, these studies broaden the range of viruses known to be inhibited by CV-N, and further implicate carbohydrate moieties on viral surface proteins as common viral molecular targets for this novel protein. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ S Alabama, Coll Med, USA Canc Res Inst, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. NIDDK, Phys Chem Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NCI, Mol Targets Drug Discovery Program, Ctr Canc Res, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boyd, MR (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Coll Med, USA Canc Res Inst, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. NR 32 TC 82 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 58 IS 1 BP 47 EP 56 AR PII S0166-3542(02)00183-3 DI 10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00183-3 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 676LG UT WOS:000182753100005 PM 12719006 ER PT J AU DePaola, A Nordstrom, JL Bowers, JC Wells, JG Cook, DW AF DePaola, A Nordstrom, JL Bowers, JC Wells, JG Cook, DW TI Seasonal abundance of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Alabama oysters SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ENVIRONMENT; FLORIDA; BAY; ENUMERATION; VULNIFICUS; INFECTIONS; WASHINGTON; EMERGENCE; CHOLERAE AB Recent Vibrio parahaemolyticus outbreaks associated with consumption of raw shellfish in the United States focused attention on the occurrence of this organism in shellfish. From March 1999 through September 2000, paired oyster samples were collected biweekly from two shellfish-growing areas in Mobile Bay, Ala. The presence and densities of V parahaemolyticus were determined by using DNA probes targeting the thermolabile hemolysin (tlh) and thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) genes for confirmation of total and pathogenic E parahaemolyticus, respectively. V. parahaemolyticus was detected in all samples with densities ranging from < 10 to 12,000 g(-1). Higher V. parahaemolyticus densities were associated with higher water temperatures. Pathogenic strains were detected in 34 (21.8%) of 156 samples by direct plating or enrichment. Forty-six of 6,018 and 31 of 6,992 V. parahaemolyticus isolates from enrichments and direct plates, respectively, hybridized with the tdh probe. There was an apparent inverse relationship between water temperature and the prevalence of pathogenic strains. Pathogenic strains were of diverse serotypes, and 97% produced urease and possessed a tdh-related hemolysin (trh) gene. The O-3:K-6 serotype associated with pandemic spread and recent outbreaks in the United States was not detected. The efficient screening of numerous isolates by colony lift and DNA probe procedures may account for the higher prevalence of samples with tdh(+) V. parahaemolyticus than previously reported. C1 US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. US FDA, Div Math & Stat, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne Dis Lab Sect, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP DePaola, A (reprint author), US FDA, Gulf Coast Seafood Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. NR 37 TC 187 Z9 201 U1 5 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 69 IS 3 BP 1521 EP 1526 DI 10.1128/AEM.69.3.1521-1526 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 653LA UT WOS:000181435600025 PM 12620838 ER PT J AU Albalak, R McElroy, RH Noonan, G Buchanan, S Jones, RL Flanders, WD Gotway-Crawford, C Kim, D Dignam, T Daley, T Jarrett, J Eduardo, E McGeehin, MA AF Albalak, R McElroy, RH Noonan, G Buchanan, S Jones, RL Flanders, WD Gotway-Crawford, C Kim, D Dignam, T Daley, T Jarrett, J Eduardo, E McGeehin, MA TI Blood lead levels and risk factors for lead poisoning among children in a Mexican smelting community SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE blood lead levels; dust lead; risk factors; smelter; soil lead; Torreon; Mexico ID EXPOSURE; CITY; POPULATION; DETERMINANTS; COHORT AB The authors evaluated mean blood lead levels (BLLs) and the prevalence of elevated BLLs in children 1-6 yr of age living in Torreon, Mexico, and assessed risk factors for lead exposure in these children. The study involved a simple random sample of households in the area around a local smelter, as well as a 2-stage cluster sample of neighborhoods and households in the remainder of Torreon. The geometric mean BLL of children in this study (N = 367) was 6.0 mug/dl (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.2, 6.8) (0.29 muM/l [95% CI = 0.25, 0.33]). Twenty percent of the children had BLLs greater than or equal to 10 mug/dl (0.48 muM/l), and 5% had BLLs greater than or equal to 20 mug/dl (0.97 muM/l). In multivariate analyses, distance from the smelter, amount of income, and education level of the primary caregiver predicted BLLs. In the environmental risk factor subsample (n = 124), dust and soil lead levels were associated with BLLs and distance from the smelter. BLLs in this study were moderately high, but the levels were lower than those in other smelting communities prior to remediation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Noonan, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Jarrett, Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552 NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 6 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD MAR PY 2003 VL 58 IS 3 BP 172 EP 183 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 726PZ UT WOS:000185609300008 PM 14535578 ER PT J AU Jordan, JM Luta, G Stabler, T Renner, JB Dragomir, AD Vilim, V Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Kraus, VB AF Jordan, JM Luta, G Stabler, T Renner, JB Dragomir, AD Vilim, V Hochberg, MC Helmick, CG Kraus, VB TI Ethnic and sex differences in serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein - The Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project SO ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Article ID ACID DEHYDRATASE GENES; VITAMIN-D-RECEPTOR; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; ARTICULAR-CARTILAGE; SYNOVIAL-FLUID; BONE; COMP; PROGRESSION; METABOLISM AB Objective. Previous descriptions of potential biomarkers of osteoarthritis (OA) have been limited to Caucasians. In the present study, we examined associations between serum levels of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) and ethnicity (African American or Caucasian) and sex in the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, a population-based study of OA in rural North Carolina. Methods. All African Americans and a randomly selected sample of Caucasians who had available sera and either no radiographic evidence of knee or hip OA according to the Kellgren/Lawrence (K/L) system (K/L grade 0) or radiographic evidence of knee OA (K/L grade 2 or higher) were included. Serum COMP levels were quantified by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using monoclonal antibodies 16-F12 and 17-C10. Linear regression models were used to assess relationships. between serum levels of natural log-transformed COMP (In COMP) and ethnicity and sex, controlling for age, height, body mass index (BMI), radiographic OA, and the presence of other symptomatic joints. Radiographic OA was defined in separate models as the presence, severity, and laterality of radiographic knee OA, the co-occurrence of radiographic knee and hip OA, and the number of knees and hips with radiographic OA. Results. The 769 subjects in the study sample had a mean +/- SD age of 62 +/- 10.3 years. Levels of In COMP. were associated with age, BMI, and all definitions of radiographic OA (P = 0.0001), and varied by ethnicity and sex. In adjusted models, In COMP was higher in African American women than in Caucasian women (P = 0.003) and higher in Caucasian men than Caucasian women (P = 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in serum In COMP levels between African American men and women. Conclusion. Serum COMP levels vary by ethnicity and sex. These factors should be considered in the derivation of standards using this, and possibly other, potential biomarkers of OA. C1 Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Inst Rheumatol, Prague, Czech Republic. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jordan, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, 3310 Doc J Thurston Jr Bldg,CB 7330, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. OI Luta, George/0000-0002-4035-7632; Luta, George/0000-0001-9013-2207 FU NIA NIH HHS [5-P60-AG-11268, AG-15108]; NIAMS NIH HHS [5-P60-AR-30701]; PHS HHS [S043] NR 30 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRITIS RHEUM JI Arthritis Rheum. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 675 EP 681 DI 10.1002/art.10822 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 653LY UT WOS:000181438800014 PM 12632420 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Datta, S Satten, GA AF Williamson, JM Datta, S Satten, GA TI Marginal analyses of clustered data when cluster size is informative SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE cluster-weighted GEE; generalized estimating equation (GEE); within-cluster resampling (WCR) ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; REGRESSION; OUTCOMES; MODELS AB We propose a new approach to fitting marginal models to clustered data when cluster size is informative. This approach uses a generalized estimating equation (GEE) that is weighted inversely with the cluster size. We show that our approach is asymptotically equivalent to within-cluster resampling (Hoffman, Sen, and Weinberg, 2001, Biometrika 73, 13-22), a computationally intensive approach in which replicate data sets containing a randomly selected observation from each cluster are analyzed, and the resulting estimates averaged. Using simulated data and an example involving dental health, we show the superior performance of our approach compared to unweighted GEE, the equivalence of our approach with WCR for large sample sizes, and the superior performance of our approach compared with WCR when sample sizes are small. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. CDCP, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williamson, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 8 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 4 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD MAR PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1 BP 36 EP 42 DI 10.1111/1541-0420.00005 PG 7 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 663GG UT WOS:000181997400005 PM 12762439 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Olney, RS Holmes, LB Lin, AE Keppler-Noreuil, KM Moore, CA AF Rasmussen, SA Olney, RS Holmes, LB Lin, AE Keppler-Noreuil, KM Moore, CA CA National Birth Defects Prevention TI Guidelines for case classification for the national birth defects prevention study SO BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH PART A-CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONOTRUNCAL HEART-DEFECTS; LIP AND/OR PALATE; ETIOLOGIC HETEROGENEITY; CONGENITAL-ANOMALIES; VASCULAR DISRUPTION; VACTERL-ASSOCIATION; CHARGE ASSOCIATION; MALFORMATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that etiologic heterogeneity may complicate epidemiologic analyses designed to identify risk factors for birth defects. Case classification uses knowledge of embryologic and pathogenetic mechanisms to make case groups more homogeneous and is important to the success of birth defects studies. METHODS: The goal of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS), an ongoing multi-site case-control study, is to identify environmental and genetic risk factors for birth defects. Information on environmental risk factors is collected through an hour-long maternal interview, and DNA is collected from the infant and both parents for evaluation of genetic risk factors. Clinical data on infants are reviewed by clinical geneticists to ensure they meet the detailed case definitions developed specifically for the study. To standardize the methods of case classification for the study, an algorithm has been developed to guide NBDPS clinical geneticists in this process. RESULTS: Methods for case classification into isolated, multiple, and syndrome categories are described. Defects considered minor for the purposes of case classification are defined. Differences in the approach to case classification for studies of specific defects and of specific exposures are noted. CONCLUSIONS: The case classification schema developed for the NBDPS may be of value to other clinicians working on epidemiologic studies of birth defects etiology. Consideration of these guidelines will lead to more comparable case groups, an important element of careful studies aimed at identifying risk factors for birth defects. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Genet & Teratol Unit, Serv Pediat, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Univ Iowa Hosp & Clin, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Rasmussen, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,MS F45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Publications, NBDPS/B-7692-2013 NR 50 TC 310 Z9 312 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1542-0752 J9 BIRTH DEFECTS RES A JI Birth Defects Res. Part A-Clin. Mol. Teratol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 67 IS 3 BP 193 EP 201 DI 10.1002/bdra.10012 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 720XD UT WOS:000185286600008 PM 12797461 ER PT J AU Althuis, MD Brogan, DD Coates, RJ Daling, JR Gammon, MD Malone, KE Schoenberg, JB Brinton, LA AF Althuis, MD Brogan, DD Coates, RJ Daling, JR Gammon, MD Malone, KE Schoenberg, JB Brinton, LA TI Breast cancers among very young premenopausal women (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; early onset; premenopausal; risk factors ID ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR STATUS; AGE 45 YEARS; RISK-FACTORS; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; MENSTRUAL FACTORS; COLLABORATIVE REANALYSIS; INDIVIDUAL DATA; WHITE WOMEN; CONTRACEPTIVES; PROGESTERONE AB Objective: To assess risk factors for breast cancer among very young compared to older premenopausal women. Methods: Between 1990 and 1992 a population-based case-control study conducted in Atlanta, GA, Seattle/Puget Sound, WA, and central NJ interviewed 3307 premenopausal women aged 20-54 years. Logistic regression models estimated adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each of three 10-year age groups. Results: Among the youngest age group (< 35 years, n = 545), significant predictors of risk included African-American race (RR = 2.66; 95% CI 1.4-4.9) and recent use of oral contraceptives (RR = 2.26; 95% CI 1.4-3.6). Although these relationships were strongest for estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) tumors (RRs of 3.30 for race and 3.56 for recent oral contraceptive use), these associations were also apparent for young women with ER+ tumors. Delayed childbearing was a risk factor for ER+ tumors among the older premenopausal women (p(trend) < 0.01), but not for women < 35 years in whom early childbearing was associated with an increased risk, reflecting a short-term increase in risk immediately following a birth. Family history of early-onset breast cancer was more strongly associated with risk among women < 35 years (RR = 3.22) than those 45-54 years (RR = 1.51). Risk factors for premenopausal breast cancer not significantly modified by age at diagnosis included early age at menarche, low body mass index, and heavy alcohol consumption. Conclusion: These findings suggest the possibility that women who develop breast cancers at very young ages may be etiologically as well as clinically distinct. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Althuis, MD (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Environm Epidemiol Branch, 6120 Execut Blvd,Rm 7084,EPS MSC 7234, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM althuism@mail.nih.gov RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 55 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 2 BP 151 EP 160 DI 10.1023/A:1023006000760 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 671CJ UT WOS:000182447400006 PM 12749720 ER PT J AU Wingo, PA Jamison, PM Hiatt, RA Weir, HK Gargiullo, PM Hutton, M Lee, NC Hall, HI AF Wingo, PA Jamison, PM Hiatt, RA Weir, HK Gargiullo, PM Hutton, M Lee, NC Hall, HI TI Building the infrastructure for nationwide cancer surveillance and control - a comparison between The National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) and The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE cancer incidence; SEER; surveillance ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; POPULATION; SYSTEM; RATES; US AB Objective: In preparation for jointly publishing official government cancer statistics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) compared incidence rates from NCI's Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program and CDC's National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR). Methods: Data for 1999 covering 78% of the US population were obtained from SEER and selected NPCR registries that met high quality data criteria. Incidence rates (per 100,000 population) were age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population, and 95% gamma confidence intervals were estimated. Results: NPCR rates for all sites combined were higher than SEER rates (males: NPCR 553.6, SEER 538.7; females: NPCR 420.8, SEER 412.5), but rates for specific cancer sites varied by registry program. Rates for colon cancer (males: NPCR 47.0, SEER 42.7; females: NPCR 36.5, SEER 33.8) and tobacco-related cancers were higher in NPCR than SEER. In contrast, NPCR rates were lower than SEER rates for cancers of the female breast (NPCR 134.0, SEER 135.9), prostate (NPCR 162.0, SEER 170.2), and melanoma as well as for cancers more common among Asians and Pacific Islanders (e.g., stomach cancer). Conclusions: Rate differences may arise from population differences in socio-demographic characteristics, screening use, health behaviors, exposure to cancer causing agents or registry operations factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Wingo, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-53, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 49 TC 78 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD MAR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 2 BP 175 EP 193 DI 10.1023/A:1023002322935 PG 19 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 671CJ UT WOS:000182447400009 PM 12749723 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Lu, AYH AF Ma, Q Lu, AYH TI Origins of individual variability in P4501A induction SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON-RECEPTOR; NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATOR ARNT; AH DIOXIN RECEPTOR; S-MEPHENYTOIN 4'-HYDROXYLATION; NEGATIVE REGULATORY ELEMENT; FOREIGN COMPOUND METABOLISM; LUNG-CANCER; DRUG-METABOLISM; P-GLYCOPROTEIN; CYP1A2 GENE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Receptor Biol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. Rutgers State Univ, Coll Pharm, Dept Biol Chem, Canc Res Lab, Piscataway, NJ USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Receptor Biol Lab, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 123 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 16 IS 3 BP 249 EP 260 DI 10.1021/tx0200919 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 661QL UT WOS:000181901200001 PM 12641424 ER PT J AU Castro, KG Jereb, JA Koppaka, VR Cohn, DL AF Castro, KG Jereb, JA Koppaka, VR Cohn, DL TI Fatal liver injury associated with rifampin-pyrazinamide treatment of latent tuberculosis infection SO CHEST LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia Dept Publ Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. RP Jereb, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD MAR PY 2003 VL 123 IS 3 BP 967 EP 967 DI 10.1378/chest.123.3.967 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 655DR UT WOS:000181536500066 PM 12628913 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ AF Alter, MJ TI Do patients who fail to complete a hepatitis A or hepatitis B vaccination series have to restart it? SO CLEVELAND CLINIC JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CLEVELAND CLINIC PI CLEVELAND PA 9500 EUCLID AVE, CLEVELAND, OH 44106 USA SN 0891-1150 J9 CLEV CLIN J MED JI Clevel. Clin. J. Med. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 70 IS 3 BP 234 EP 234 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 654CP UT WOS:000181476400009 PM 12678213 ER PT J AU Romero-Steiner, S Pilishvili, T Sampson, JS Johnson, SE Stinson, A Carlone, GM Ades, EW AF Romero-Steiner, S Pilishvili, T Sampson, JS Johnson, SE Stinson, A Carlone, GM Ades, EW TI Inhibition of pneumococcal adherence to human nasopharyngeal epithelial cells by anti-PsaA antibodies SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; SURFACE ADHESIN; OTITIS-MEDIA; PROTEIN PSAA; CARRIAGE; IMMUNIZATION; VIRULENCE; ASSAY; MICE; IDENTIFICATION AB The role of pneumococcal (Pnc) surface adhesin A (PsaA) in the adherence of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) to host cells is not well defined. We examined the effect of anti-PsaA antibodies in an inhibition of adherence assay using Detroit 562 nasopharyngeal human epithelial cells. Rabbit polyclonal (Pab) anti-recombinant PsaA (rPsaA) sera, a purified mouse monoclonal antibody (MAb) (MAb 6F62G8E12), and 22 healthy adult sera with known anti-PsaA IgG levels (obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) were evaluated for their abilities to inhibit Pnc adherence to confluent monolayers (measured as percent reduction in CFU counts compared to those of uninhibited controls). Pnc adherence was dependent on capsular phenotype (no or low adherence for opaque strains). With an inoculum of 10(4) to 10(5) bacteria/well, the mean +/- standard deviation count in controls was 163 +/- 32 CFU/well for transparent strains. Low adherence was observed for a PsaA-minus mutant even at higher inoculum doses. Mean percent inhibitions of adherence with Pab and MAb were 54 and 50%, respectively. Adult sera showed inhibition in a dose-response fashion with a range of 98 to 8%, depending on the serum anti-PsaA antibody concentration. Absorption of Pab with rPsaA restored Pnc adherence to control levels. Absorption of sera with a PsaA-minus mutant did not result in a significant decrease (P >0.05) of inhibition of adherence activity. Additionally, nearly 100% of Pnc adherence was inhibited by lipidated rPsaA at 2.5 mug/ml. Our data support the argument that PsaA is an adhesin that mediates Pnc adherence to human nasopharyngeal cells. This functional assay may be useful in evaluating antibodies elicited in response to PsaA vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Romero-Steiner, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Immunol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, MS A-36,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Ades, Edwin/A-9931-2009; OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 31 TC 49 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 10 IS 2 BP 246 EP 251 DI 10.1128/CDLI.10.2.246-251.2003 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 655RP UT WOS:000181566700009 PM 12626450 ER PT J AU Koppaka, VR Harvey, E Mertz, B Johnson, BA AF Koppaka, VR Harvey, E Mertz, B Johnson, BA TI Risk factors associated with tuberculin skin test positivity among university students and the use of such factors in the development of a targeted screening program SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; NEW-YORK-CITY; UNITED-STATES; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; EMPLOYEES; URBAN AB The present study evaluated the accuracy of a risk assessment questionnaire (RAQ) for identifying candidates for tuberculin testing. A 33-question RAQ was administered to students before they underwent tuberculin screening at Virginia Commonwealth University (Richmond). Test operating characteristics for the complete and abbreviated RAQs compared to tuberculin skin test (TST) results were determined. Of 5382 students screened, 125 (2.3%) had a positive TST result; 113 (90.4%) of these 125 students had greater than or equal to1 affirmative response on the RAQ (i.e., a "positive RAQ"). The prevalence of TST positivity among students not born in the United States was 33.2-fold higher than that among students born in the United States. A 2-question RAQ had a sensitivity of 81.6%, a specificity of 91.0%, and positive and negative predictive values of 17.7% and 99.5%, respectively. Risk assessment can be an accurate means of identifying candidates for tuberculin screening. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Med, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Div TB Control, Richmond, VA USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Dept Biostat, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Univ Student Hlth Services, Richmond, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Johnson, BA (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Med, Box 980102, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U52/CCU300514-19] NR 40 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 5 BP 599 EP 607 DI 10.1086/367664 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 647CE UT WOS:000181073600009 PM 12594641 ER PT J AU Hu, DJ Vitek, CR Bartholow, B Mastro, TD AF Hu, DJ Vitek, CR Bartholow, B Mastro, TD TI Key issues for a potential human immunodeficiency virus vaccine SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; RISK BEHAVIOR; UNITED-STATES; HEPATITIS-B; HIV; TRIALS; MEN; WILLINGNESS; EFFICACY; PARTICIPATE AB A safe, effective, and affordable vaccine remains the best long-term hope for bringing the global human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic under control. Recent scientific developments have suggested that the first generation of HIV vaccines available for public health care use will likely be of low to moderate efficacy, compared with currently licensed vaccines for other diseases. Nevertheless, such "partially effective" HIV vaccines could provide considerable individual and public health benefits. A consultation was held in January 2002 to advise the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, Georgia) about critical issues that need to be addressed in anticipation of the eventual licensure and availability of an HIV vaccine in the United States. The present article summarizes the major issues discussed at the consultation with regard to the potential use of a partially effective vaccine in HIV prevention programs in the United States and the activities that are needed to prepare for vaccine availability. C1 CDCP, HIV Vaccine Sect, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hu, DJ (reprint author), CDCP, HIV Vaccine Sect, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1500 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 5 BP 638 EP 644 DI 10.1086/367891 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 647CE UT WOS:000181073600015 PM 12594646 ER PT J AU Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, O Kazembe, PN Mwansambo, C Bell, M Dobbie, H Reller, LB Jarvis, WR AF Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, O Kazembe, PN Mwansambo, C Bell, M Dobbie, H Reller, LB Jarvis, WR TI Detection of bloodstream pathogens in a bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-vaccinated pediatric population in Malawi: a pilot study SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE bloodstream infections; blood cultures; pediatric; human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); disseminated BCG; Malawi ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; BACTEREMIA; CHILDREN; ADULTS; VACCINATION; FUNGEMIA; DISEASE AB Children in Malawi receive bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination within the first 3 days of life. Thus, we hypothesized that Malawian children infected with the human immunodeficiency type 1 virus (HIV-1) might be particularly vulnerable to dissemination of the BCG Mycobacterium bovis strain with which they were vaccinated. Following informed consent by parents, we studied children admitted to a Malawi general hospital during the 1998 wet and dry seasons. Blood from cohorts of acutely ill children was cultured for bacteria, including mycobacteria, and fungi, and tested for anti-HIV-1 antibodies. It was shown that non- typhi Salmonella and Escherichia coli were the predominant bloodstream pathogens during the wet and dry seasons, and that bloodstream dissemination of the BCG M. bovis strain is uncommon in HIV-1-infected children who receive the BCG vaccine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Lilongwe, Malawi. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Clin Microbiol Lab, Durham, NC USA. RP Archibald, LK (reprint author), CDC Mailstop A-35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 234 EP 238 DI 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2003.00517.x PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 650PD UT WOS:000181271800011 PM 12667257 ER PT J AU Marti, GE Carter, P Abbasi, F Washington, GC Jain, N Zenger, VE Ishibe, N Goldin, L Fontaine, L Weissman, N Sgambati, M Fauget, G Bertin, P Vogt, RF Slade, B Noguchi, PD Stetler-Stevenson, MA Caporaso, N AF Marti, GE Carter, P Abbasi, F Washington, GC Jain, N Zenger, VE Ishibe, N Goldin, L Fontaine, L Weissman, N Sgambati, M Fauget, G Bertin, P Vogt, RF Slade, B Noguchi, PD Stetler-Stevenson, MA Caporaso, N TI B-cell monoclonal lymphocytosis and B-cell abnormalities in the setting of familial B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia SO CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE familial B-cell chronic leukemia; flow cytometry; immunophenotyping; cell cycle analysis; CD5; CD20; B-cell monoclonal lymphocytosis; kappa/lambda; absolute lymphocyte count ID FLOW CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; UNDETERMINED SIGNIFICANCE; LYMPHOID LEUKEMIAS; ANTICIPATION; EXPRESSION; DNA; CLL; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; GUIDELINES; RELATIVES AB Background: Among all hematologic malignancies, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (BCLL) has the highest familial clustering (three- to sevenfold increase), strongly suggesting a genetic component to its etiology. Familial BCLL can be used as a model to study the early pathogenesis of this disease. Methods: We examined nine kindreds from the National Cancer Institute's Familial BCLL Registry, consisting of 19 affected members,with BCLL and 33 clinically unaffected first-degree relatives. Flow cytometric immuno-phenotyping to detect a B-cell monoclonal lymphocytosis (BCML) was performed. Monoclonality was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction analysis of whole blood DNA. Cell cycle analysis for aneuploidy was conducted. Results: In all affected individuals, we observed the classic BCLL CD5/CD19/CD20/CD23 immunophenotypic patterns. Six of the 33 unaffected individuals (18%) had evidence of BCML. Additional individuals (13/33, 39%) showed some other abnormality, whereas 14 individuals (42%) were normal. Based on an estimated prevalence of 0.7% for BCML in the general population, the finding of six subjects (18%) with clonal abnormalities in this relatively modest sample was significantly greater than expected (i.e., 18% vs. 0.7%, P < 5.7 x 10(-9)). Conclusions: Individual components of BCML and other B-cell abnormalities were observed in almost half of the apparently unaffected individuals. Our findings suggested that BCML may be an early detectable abnormality in BCLL. The spectrum of some of these observed abnormalities suggested the involvement of different B-cell subpopulations or different pathways in clonal evolution. Population-based, longitudinal studies will be required to determine the incidence of BCML and other B-cell abnormalities and their relation to disease progression in BCLL and other closely related B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 FDA, CBER, DCGT, Lab Stem Cell Biol,Flow & Image Cytometry Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, NIH, Rockville, MD USA. Med Coll Georgia, Vet Adm Med Ctr, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. Pontificia Univ Catolica Chile, Escuela Med, Lab Hematol Oncol, Santiago, Chile. Ctr Dis Control, Ctr Environm Hlth, Clin Biochem Branch, Immunol Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agcy Tox Substances & Dis Registry, Hlth Invest Branch, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Clin Flow Cytometry Sect, Pathol Lab, Div Clin Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Marti, GE (reprint author), FDA, CBER, DCGT, Lab Stem Cell Biol,Flow & Image Cytometry Sect, NIH Bldg,29B,Room 2NN08,8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 59 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOM PART B-CLIN CY JI Cytom. Part B-Clin. Cytom. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 52B IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1002/cyto.b.10013 PG 12 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA 670TY UT WOS:000182426300001 PM 12599176 ER PT J AU Bergeron, M Lustyik, G Phaneuf, S Ding, T Nicholson, JKA Janossy, G Shapiro, H Barnett, D Mandy, F AF Bergeron, M Lustyik, G Phaneuf, S Ding, T Nicholson, JKA Janossy, G Shapiro, H Barnett, D Mandy, F TI Stability of currently used cytometers facilitates the identification of pipetting errors and their volumetric operation: "Time" can tell all SO CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article C1 Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Soft Flow Inc, Minneapolis, MN USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll, Sch Med, London, England. Royal Hallamshire Hosp, Sheffield S10 2JF, S Yorkshire, England. RP Mandy, F (reprint author), Natl HIV Immunol Lab, Postal Locator 0603B1, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. EM frank_mandy@hc-sc.gc.ca NR 2 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1552-4949 J9 CYTOM PART B-CLIN CY JI Cytom. Part B-Clin. Cytom. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 52B IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 DI 10.1002/cyto.b.10014 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Pathology GA 670TY UT WOS:000182426300005 PM 12599180 ER PT J AU Flannery, DJ Vazsonyi, AT Liau, AK Guo, SY Powell, KE Atha, H Vesterdal, W Embry, D AF Flannery, DJ Vazsonyi, AT Liau, AK Guo, SY Powell, KE Atha, H Vesterdal, W Embry, D TI Initial behavior outcomes for the PeaceBuilders universal school-based violence prevention program SO DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELEMENTARY-SCHOOL; YOUTH VIOLENCE; UNITED-STATES; MIDDLE SCHOOL; CHILDREN; INTERVENTION; ADOLESCENTS; CURRICULUM; TRIAL; RISK AB PeaceBuilders is a universal, elementary-school-based violence prevention program that attempts to alter the climate of a school by teaching students and staff simple rules and activities aimed at improving child social competence and reducing aggressive behavior. Eight matched schools (N > 4,000 students in Grades K-5) were randomly assigned to either immediate postbaseline intervention (PBI) or to a delayed intervention 1 year later (PBD). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze results from assessments in the fall and spring of 2 consecutive school years. In Year 1, significant gains in teacher-rated social competence for students in Grades K-2, in child self-reported peace-building behavior in Grades K-5, and reductions in aggressive behavior in Grades 3-5 were found for PBI but not PBD schools. Differential effects in Year 1 were also observed for aggression and prosocial behavior. Most effects were maintained in Year 2 for PBI schools, including increases in child prosocial behavior in Grades K-2. Implications for early universal school-based prevention and challenges related to evaluating large-scale prevention trials are discussed. C1 Kent State Univ, Inst Study & Prevent Violence, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Social Work, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Pima Cty Community Serv Dept AZ, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Family & Consumer Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. PAXIS Inst, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Flannery, DJ (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Inst Study & Prevent Violence, 230 Auditorium Bldg, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RI Vazsonyi, Alexander/B-1229-2008 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U81-CCU513508-01, U81-CCU010038-03] NR 82 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0012-1649 J9 DEV PSYCHOL JI Dev. Psychol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 39 IS 2 BP 292 EP 308 DI 10.1037/0012-1649.39.2.292 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental SC Psychology GA 653HA UT WOS:000181428100008 PM 12661887 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Giles, WH AF Ford, ES Giles, WH TI A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two proposed definitions SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID INSULIN-RESISTANCE SYNDROME; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SYNDROME-X; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; MORTALITY; RISK; MICROALBUMINURIA AB OBJECTIVE - To compare the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two definitions: one proposed by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III [ATP III]) and one by the World Health Organization (WHO). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We used data from a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized civilian population of the U.S. from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a cross-sectional health examination survey (19881994). RESULTS - Among 8,608 participants aged greater than or equal to20 years, the age-adjusted prevalence was 23.9% using the ATP III definition and 25.1% using the WHO definition. Among all participants, 86.2% were classified as either having or not having the metabolic syndrome under both definitions. Estimates differed substantially for some subgroups, however. For example, in African-American men, the WHO estimate was 24.9%, compared with the ATP III estimate of 16.5%. CONCLUSIONS - A universally accepted definition of the metabolic syndrome is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 331 Z9 382 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 575 EP 581 DI 10.2337/diacare.26.3.575 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 724UM UT WOS:000185505100004 PM 12610004 ER PT J AU Benjamin, SM Valdez, R Geiss, LS Rolka, DB Narayan, KMV AF Benjamin, SM Valdez, R Geiss, LS Rolka, DB Narayan, KMV TI Estimated number of adults with prediabetes in the US in 2000 - Opportunities for prevention SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; LIFE-STYLE; DISEASE; PROGRAM; TRIAL AB OBJECTIVE - To estimate the percent and number of overweight adults in the U.S. with prediabetes who would be potential candidates for diabetes prevention as per the American Diabetes Association Position Statement (12). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 111; 1988-1994) and projected our estimates to the year 2000. We defined impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; 2-h glucose 140-199 mg/dl), impaired fasting glucose (IFG; fasting glucose 11.0-125 mg/dl), and prediabetes (IGT or IFG) per American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria. The ADA recently recommended that all overweight people (BMI greater than or equal to25 kg/m(2)) who are greater than or equal to45 years of age with prediabetes could be potential candidates for diabetes prevention, as could prediabetic people aged >25 years with risk factors. In NHANES 111, 2-h postload glucose concentrations were done only among subjects aged 40-74 years. Because we were interested in overweight people who had both the 2-h glucose and lasting glucose tests, we limited our estimates of IGT, IFG, and prediabetes to those aged 45-74 years. RESULTS - Overall, 17.1% of overweight adults aged 45-74 years had IGT, 11.9% had IFG, 22.6% had prediabetes, and 5.6% had both IGT and IFG. Based on those data, we estimated that in the year 2000, 9.1 million overweight adults aged 45-74 had IGT, 5.8 million had IFG, 11.9 million had prediabetes, and 3.0 million had IGT and IFG. CONCLUSIONS - Almost 12 million overweight individuals aged 45-74 years in the U.S. may benefit from diabetes prevention interventions. The number will be substantially higher if estimation is extended to individuals aged >75 and 25-44 years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Benjamin, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 25 TC 113 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD MAR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 3 BP 645 EP 649 DI 10.2337/diacare.26.3.645 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 724UM UT WOS:000185505100015 PM 12610015 ER PT J AU Holt, BY Effler, P Brady, W Friday, J Belay, E Parker, K Toole, M AF Holt, BY Effler, P Brady, W Friday, J Belay, E Parker, K Toole, M TI Planning STI/HlV prevention among refugees and mobile populations: Situation assessment of Sudanese refugees SO DISASTERS LA English DT Article DE AIDS/HIV; STI; refugee; antenatal; female sex worker ID HIV-INFECTION; ETHIOPIA; WOMEN; RISK AB This article reflects an investigation of knowledge, attitudes and behaviours and HIV/STI prevalence of Sudanese refugees and Ethiopian sex workers in 1992. It represents one of the earliest such investigations within an African refugee population. The investigation took place in the Dimma refugee settlement in south-western Ethiopia and study participants included Sudanese refugee men and women and Ethiopian female sex workers. Methods used for this investigation included focus group discussions, behavioural surveys and serologic testing. The main outcome measures of the investigation were HIV/STI knowledge, attitudes and behaviours and biological markers for HIV syphilis and herpes simplex 2. The study findings indicate that in the early 1990s, knowledge about AIDS and condom use was low among Sudanese refugee women and not one reported having ever used a condom. Furthermore, sexual contact between refugee men and sex workers was frequent during the time of this study and the prevalence of HIV and other STIs was high. The results confirm a widely held assumption that highly mobile and transient populations in Africa are susceptible to STIs and HIV, in large part due to their knowledge, attitudes and behaviours. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Family & Community Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holt, BY (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Family & Community Hlth, 140 Warren Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 16 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-3666 J9 DISASTERS JI Disasters PD MAR PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1111/1467-7717.00216 PG 15 WC Planning & Development SC Public Administration GA 662TJ UT WOS:000181964200001 PM 12703149 ER PT J AU Lee, KN Padmalayam, I Baumstark, B Baker, SL Massung, RF AF Lee, KN Padmalayam, I Baumstark, B Baker, SL Massung, RF TI Characterization of the ftsZ gene from Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, and Rickettsia rickettsii, and use as a differential PCR target SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CELL-DIVISION GENE; HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN FTSZ; BARTONELLA-BACILLIFORMIS; BACTERIAL ENDOSYMBIONTS; ORDER RICKETTSIALES; POTENTIAL VECTOR; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; SEQUENCE AB Degenerate primers corresponding to highly conserved regions of previously characterized ftsZ genes were used to PCR amplify a portion of the ftsZ gene from the genomic DNA of Ehrlichia chaffeensis (ftsZ(Ech)), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (ftsZ(Ap)), and Rickettsia rickettsii (ftsZ(Rr)). Genome walking was then used to amplify the 5' and 3' termini of the genes. The DNA sequences of the resulting amplification products yielded open reading frames coding for proteins with molecular masses of 42.0, 45.7, and 48.3 kDa for A. phagocytophilum, E. chaffeensis, and R. rickettsii, respectively. These homologs are 20 to 70 amino acids longer than the FtsZ proteins characterized in bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, but do not possess the large extended carboxyl-termini found in the FtsZ proteins of Bartonella, Rhizobium, and Agrobacterium species. The functional domains important for FtsZ activity are conserved within the ehrlichial and rickettsial FtsZ protein sequences. The R. rickettsii FtsZ sequence is highly homologous to the FtsZ protein previously described for Rickettsia prowazekii (89% identity), and identical to the FtsZ protein of Rickettsia conorii. The percent identity observed between the A. phagocytophilum and E. chaffeensis FtsZ proteins is only 79% and is particularly low in the carboxyl-terminal region (15.8% identity). Primers were designed to PCR amplify a portion of the variable carboxyl-terminal region of the ftsZ gene, and used to differentiate each agent based on the size of the amplicons: A. phagocytophilum, 278 bp; E. chaffeensis, 341 bp; and Rickettsia spp., 425 bp. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Coll Arts & Sci, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 22 IS 3 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1089/104454903321655800 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 677JL UT WOS:000182803700003 PM 12804116 ER PT J AU Komar, N Langevin, S Hinten, S Nemeth, N Edwards, E Hettler, D Davis, B Bowen, R Bunning, M AF Komar, N Langevin, S Hinten, S Nemeth, N Edwards, E Hettler, D Davis, B Bowen, R Bunning, M TI Experimental infection of north American birds with the New York 1999 strain of West Nile virus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; ENCEPHALITIS; SURVEILLANCE; MOSQUITOS; CITY; COMPETENCE; SYSTEM; CULEX AB To evaluate transmission dynamics, we exposed 25 bird species to West Nile virus (WNV) by infectious mosquito bite. We monitored viremia titers, clinical outcome, WNV shedding (cloacal and oral), seroconversion, virus persistence in organs, and susceptibility to oral and contact transmission. Passeriform and charadriiform birds were more reservoir competent (a derivation of viremia data) than other species tested. The five most competent species were passerines: Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata), Common Grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus), American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), and House Sparrow (Passer domesticus). Death occurred in eight species. Cloacal shedding of WNV was observed in 17 of 24 species, and oral shedding in 12 of 14 species. We observed contact transmission among four species and oral in five species. Persistent WNV infections were found in tissues of 16 surviving birds. Our observations shed light on transmission ecology of WNV and will benefit surveillance and control programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USAF, Off Surgeon Gen, Bolling Air Foce Base, Washington, DC 20330 USA. RP Komar, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Owen, Jen/B-3148-2013 OI Owen, Jen/0000-0003-1383-4816 NR 38 TC 618 Z9 644 U1 7 U2 69 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 311 EP 322 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 654QN UT WOS:000181507700005 PM 12643825 ER PT J AU Feldman, KA Stiles-Enos, D Julian, K Matyas, BT Telford, SR Chu, MC Petersen, LR Hayes, EB AF Feldman, KA Stiles-Enos, D Julian, K Matyas, BT Telford, SR Chu, MC Petersen, LR Hayes, EB TI Tularemia on Martha's vineyard: Seroprevalence and occupational risk SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMONIC TULAREMIA AB We conducted a serosurvey of landscapers to determine if they were at increased risk for exposure to Francisella tularensis and to determine risk factors for infection. In Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, landscapers (n=132) were tested for anti-F. tularensis antibody and completed a questionnaire. For comparison, serum samples from three groups of nonlandscaper Martha's Vineyard residents (n=103, 99, and 108) were tested. Twelve landscapers (9.1%) were seropositive, compared with one person total from the comparison groups (prevalence ratio 9.0; 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 68.1; p=0.02). Of landscapers who used a power blower, 15% were seropositive, compared to 2% who did not use a power blower (prevalence ratio 9.2; 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 69.0; p=0.02). Seropositive landscapers worked more hours per week mowing and weed-whacking and mowed more lawns per week than their seronegative counterparts. Health-care workers in tularemia-endemic areas should consider tularemia as a diagnosis for landscapers with a febrile illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Marthas Vineyard Hosp, Oak Bluffs, MA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 20 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 350 EP 354 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 654QN UT WOS:000181507700011 PM 12643831 ER PT J AU Nanayakkara, S Smith, JS Rupprecht, CE AF Nanayakkara, S Smith, JS Rupprecht, CE TI Rabies in Sri Lanka: Splendid isolation SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOPROTEIN GENE; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS AB Rabies virus exists in dogs on Sri Lanka as a single, minimally divergent lineage only distantly related to other rabies virus lineages in Asia. Stable, geographically isolated virus populations are susceptible to local extinction. A fully implemented rabies-control campaign could make Sri Lanka the first Asian country in >30 years to become free of rabies virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Med Res, Colombo, Sri Lanka. RP Smith, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 368 EP 371 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 654QN UT WOS:000181507700014 PM 12643834 ER PT J AU Roehrig, JT Nash, D Maldin, B Labowitz, A Martin, DA Lanciotti, RS Campbell, GL AF Roehrig, JT Nash, D Maldin, B Labowitz, A Martin, DA Lanciotti, RS Campbell, GL TI Persistence of virus-reactive serum immunoglobulin M antibody in confirmed West Nile virus encephalitis cases SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NEW-YORK; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; UNITED-STATES; DIAGNOSIS; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; IGM AB Twenty-nine laboratory-confirmed West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis patients were bled serially so that WNV-reactive immunoglobulin (Ig) M activity could be determined. Of those patients bled, 7 (60%) of 12 had anti-WNV IgM at approximately 500 days after onset. Clinicians should be cautious when interpreting serologic results from early season WNV IgM-positive patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Roehrig, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 22 TC 141 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 376 EP 379 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 654QN UT WOS:000181507700016 PM 12643836 ER PT J AU Douglass, RJ Kuenzi, AJ Williams, CY Douglass, SJ Mills, JN AF Douglass, RJ Kuenzi, AJ Williams, CY Douglass, SJ Mills, JN TI Removing deer mice from buildings and the risk for human exposure to Sin Nombre virus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PEROMYSCUS-MANICULATUS; HANTAVIRUS; DISPERSAL; MONTANA; MOUSE AB Trapping and removing deer mice from ranch buildings resulted in an increased number of mice, including Sin Nombre virus anti body-positive mice, entering ranch buildings. Mouse removal without mouse proofing will not reduce and may even increase human exposure to Sin Nombre hantavirus. C1 Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Biol, Butte, MT 59701 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Oregon, Clark Honors Coll, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Douglass, RJ (reprint author), Univ Montana, Montana Tech, Dept Biol, 1300 W Pk, Butte, MT 59701 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [US3/CCU813599] NR 12 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 3 BP 390 EP 392 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 654QN UT WOS:000181507700020 PM 12643840 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Friedman, JM Flanders, WD AF Yang, QH Khoury, MJ Friedman, JM Flanders, WD TI On the use of population attributable fraction to determine sample size for case-control studies of gene-environment interaction SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene-environment interaction; sample size; population attributable fraction; case-control study ID RISK; POWER; POLYMORPHISM; REQUIREMENTS; SMOKING; DESIGNS AB Most methods for calculating the sample size needed to detect gene-environment interactions use odds ratios to measure the effect size. We show that for any combination of susceptible genotype prevalence and exposure prevalence and their associated risks, the odds ratio measuring strength of interaction corresponds to a population attributable fraction (PAF) because of interaction and vice versa. Simultaneous consideration of odds ratio for interaction and the associated PAF attributable to interaction provides additional insight to investigators evaluating the feasibility and public health relevance of a. proposed study:We considered gene-environment interactions on a multiplicative scale, and assumed a dichotomous environmental exposure variable and a single two-allele disease-susceptibility locus. Our results show, for example, that for studies of exposures and genotypes that are common in a population (30%-50%), the PAF for interaction is large (>27%) even if the odds ratio for interaction is only moderate (similar to2). If simultaneous estimates of interaction odds ratio and PAF indicate that the PAF is so large as to be implausible, the investigator may decide to reevaluate the study design based on detecting a more reasonable PAR In this case, the associated odds ratio for interaction will be weaker and a considerably larger sample size may be needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Med Genet, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 2 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1097/00001648-200303000-00009 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 648WQ UT WOS:000181174300008 PM 12606881 ER PT J AU Shaw, GM Ranatunga, D Quach, T Neri, E Correa, A Neutra, RR AF Shaw, GM Ranatunga, D Quach, T Neri, E Correa, A Neutra, RR TI Trihalomethane exposures from municipal water supplies and selected congenital malformations SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth defects; case-control; disinfection by-products; environment; epidemiology ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PERICONCEPTIONAL VITAMIN USE; PARENTAL CIGARETTE-SMOKING; DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS; INFANT C677T MUTATION; DRINKING-WATER; BIRTH OUTCOMES; RISK; CHLORINATION; CONTAMINATION AB Background. Concerns about potential health effects of trihalomethanes (THMs) have prompted investigations on whether infants whose mothers were periconceptionally exposed to drinking water containing THMs are at greater risk of congenital malformations. Methods. We used two large case-control maternal interview studies that were conducted among California deliveries from 1987 through 1991. One study comprised 538 infants/fetuses with neural tube defects (NTDs) and 539 nonmalformed control infants. The second study included an additional 265 infants with NTDs, 207 infants with conotruncal heart defects, 409 infants with orofacial clefts, and 481 control infants. Expert personnel from municipal water companies estimated THM levels for a particular residence and specific periconceptional time period using quarterly monitoring measurements. Estimates were also made, for four individual THM levels and for the total THM level. Results. NTD risk in the first study was inversely associated with total THM exposure. Although the second study did not show the same inverse relationship for NTDs, there were no positive associations of NTDs or the other malformations with total THM as estimated from continuous models. Elevated risks were observed for the lowest category of exposure (1-24 ppb), but risks were either not substantially elevated or were imprecise for higher exposure levels. Thus no evidence was observed for an exposure-response relation. Conclusions. Our results do not provide a clear pattern of association between THM exposure and risks of specific congenital malformations. Imprecise exposure measures coupled with a lack of information about other possible sources of THM exposure may have caused associations to be underestimated. C1 March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Oakland, CA 94606 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Environm & Occupat Dis Control, Oakland, CA USA. RP Shaw, GM (reprint author), March Dimes Birth Defects Fdn, Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, 1830 Embarcadero,Suite 100, Oakland, CA 94606 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU913241] NR 29 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 2 BP 191 EP 199 DI 10.1097/00001648-200303000-00013 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 648WQ UT WOS:000181174300012 PM 12606885 ER PT J AU Steinberg, KK Nickerson, D Caggana, M Gallagher, M AF Steinberg, KK Nickerson, D Caggana, M Gallagher, M TI Banking of urine sediments as DNA source in epidemiologic studies - The authors respond SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID AMPLIFICATION; WOMEN; PCR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Biol Branch, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Genet DIsorders, Albany, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Steinberg, KK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Biol Branch, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, MS F-24,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 2 BP 254 EP 255 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 648WQ UT WOS:000181174300023 ER PT J AU Crews, JE AF Crews, JE TI The role of public health in addressing aging and sensory loss SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crews, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD SPR PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 83 EP 90 PG 8 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 725AP UT WOS:000185520700015 ER PT J AU Kenneson, A Myers, MF Lubin, IM Boyle, C AF Kenneson, A Myers, MF Lubin, IM Boyle, C TI Genetic laboratory practices related to testing of the GJB2 (connexin-26) gene in the United States in 1999 and 2000 SO GENETIC TESTING LA English DT Article AB Given the rapidly growing area of molecular genetic laboratory testing, we sought to assess changing issues over a 2-year period of time pertaining to the availability of testing for GJB2 mutations associated with non-syndromic hearing loss. Laboratory assessments carried out by telephone interviews with directors or other key personnel revealed variations among laboratories in informed consent practices, evaluation of test requests for appropriateness, and the reporting of results. From 1999 to 2000, referral patterns shifted as did sources for reimbursement, policies regarding evaluation of incoming test requests, and reporting procedures. We propose that these results reflect changes occurring as a result of a new test moving from the research to the clinical phase. C1 Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disbabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kenneson, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disbabil, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-15, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1090-6576 J9 GENET TEST JI Genet. Test. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 7 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 DI 10.1089/109065703321560949 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 667NE UT WOS:000182237600009 PM 12820703 ER PT J AU Butler, RB Schultz, JR Forsberg, AD Brown, LK Parsons, JT King, G Kocik, SM Jarvis, D Schulz, SL Manco-Johnson, M AF Butler, RB Schultz, JR Forsberg, AD Brown, LK Parsons, JT King, G Kocik, SM Jarvis, D Schulz, SL Manco-Johnson, M CA CDC Adolescent HBIEP Study Grp TI Promoting safer sex among HIV-positive youth with haemophilia: theory, intervention, and outcome SO HAEMOPHILIA LA English DT Article DE adolescents; behaviour; haemophilia; HIV; safer sex ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; CONDOM USE; AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS; INFECTED ADOLESCENTS; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; RISK-REDUCTION; BEHAVIOR; PREVENTION AB The goal of the project was to develop and evaluate theory-based interventions designed to change sexual behaviour and promote safer sex practices of HIV seropositive young men and adolescents with haemophilia to prevent transmission to sexual partners and offspring. Safer sex was defined as abstinence, consistent condom use, or 'outercourse' (intimate, non-intercourse sexual behaviour). This project utilized the Transtheoretical Model developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, which describes behaviour change as an incremental, stage-based process. The 1-year intervention protocol consisted of two individual sessions and two peer-centred activities. One hundred and four adolescents, residing in 22 states, participated. Pre- and post-intervention evaluations were conducted to measure stage progression for participants. The number who were in the action or maintenance stage of change for safer sex was significantly greater at post-test than at pre-test (79 vs. 62%, P < 0.0001). Participants also reported an increased use of outercourse. In addition, significant increases in self-efficacy and knowledge regarding safer sex were demonstrated. Following these stage-based interventions, participants were significantly more likely to be engaging in safer sex behaviours than they were previously. These intervention activities can be adapted for use with other adolescent populations and for other behaviour change goals in adolescents with haemophilia. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Hematol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Jersey City State Coll, Jersey City, NJ USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Puget Sound Blood Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Butler, RB (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Hematol, 34th & Civic Ctr Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM butler@email.chop.edu OI Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62CCU1061040] NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1351-8216 J9 HAEMOPHILIA JI Haemophilia PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 214 EP 222 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2516.2003.00722.x PG 9 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 651XE UT WOS:000181347000011 PM 12614374 ER PT J AU Backer, LC Fleming, LE Rowan, A Cheng, YS Benson, J Pierce, RH Zaias, J Bean, J Bossart, GD Johnson, D Quimbo, R Baden, DG AF Backer, LC Fleming, LE Rowan, A Cheng, YS Benson, J Pierce, RH Zaias, J Bean, J Bossart, GD Johnson, D Quimbo, R Baden, DG TI Recreational exposure to aerosolized brevetoxins during Florida red tide events SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE aerosols; brevetoxins; Gymnodinium breve; Karenia brevis; red tide; bronchoconstriction ID TOXINS; BREVIS AB During two separate Karenia brevis red tide events, we measured the levels of brevetoxins in air and water samples, conducted personal interviews, and performed pulmonary function tests on people before and after they visited one of two Florida beaches. One hundred and twenty-nine people participated in the study, which we conducted during red tide events in Sarasota and Jacksonville, FL, USA. Exposure was categorized into three levels: low/no exposure, moderate exposure, and high exposure. Lower respiratory symptoms (e.g. wheezing) were reported by 8% of unexposed people, 11% of the moderately exposed people, and 28% of the highly exposed people. We performed nasal-pharyngeal swabs on people who experienced moderate or high exposure, and we found an inflammatory response in over 33% of these participants. We did not find any clinically significant changes in pulmonary function test results; however, the study population was small. In future epidemiologic studies, we plan to further investigate the human health impact of inhaled brevetoxins. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, NIEHS, Marine & Freshwater Biomed Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Lovelace Resp Res Inst, Inhalat Toxicol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Div Comparat Pathol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. Univ N Carolina, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. RP Backer, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E 23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lfb9@cdc.gov NR 22 TC 83 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2003 VL 2 IS 1 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S1568-9883(03)00005-2 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 812UM UT WOS:000220864400002 ER PT J AU Mansley, EC Elbasha, EH AF Mansley, EC Elbasha, EH TI Preferences and person trade-offs: forcing consistency or inconsistency in health-related quality of life measures? SO HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE person trade-off (PTO); health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measurement; disability-adjusted life years (DALYs); quality-adjusted life years (QALYs); burden of disease assessment ID SOCIETAL VALUE; UTILITY; CARE; DISEASE; BURDEN; QALYS; TIME AB We consider assumptions about preferences implicit in the person trade-off exercises used to derive health-related quality of life measures for the Global and US Burden of Disease Projects. Because these methods and their results have the potential of being adopted by other researchers, a critical review of this methodology and its assumptions is warranted. Exercise participants are told that quality of life valuation is approached using two different questions to reveal logical inconsistencies in each person's responses. An inconsistency is claimed to exist if a participant's two responses violate a particular mathematical relationship, and participants are forced to modify their responses to satisfy that relationship. We demonstrate that this supposed 'logical' relationship need not hold for logically consistent, rational individuals, and we prove that the relationship will in fact hold only for a particular class of social value functions exhibiting two characteristics that may not be consistent with the preferences of some participants. These results imply that the forced modification may invalidate some responses, as it may require some participants to provide final answers that are inconsistent with their true preferences. We then discuss preference characterizations in the existing person trade-off literature, from which this relationship may have been derived. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 CDC, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mansley, EC (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, Outcomes Res & Management, WP39-160,POB 4, W Point, PA 19486 USA. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1057-9230 J9 HEALTH ECON JI Health Econ. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 12 IS 3 BP 187 EP 198 DI 10.1002/hec.707 PG 12 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 654DH UT WOS:000181478300002 PM 12605464 ER PT J AU Behrman, A Schmid, S Crivaro, A Watson, B AF Behrman, A Schmid, S Crivaro, A Watson, B TI A cluster of primary varicella cases among healthcare workers with false-positive varicella zoster virus titers SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; CARE WORKERS; INFECTIONS; ANTIBODY; VACCINE AB BACKGROUND: Five cases of primary varicella zoster virus (VZV) were diagnosed among hospital healthcare workers (HCWs). All had complied with a pre-employment VZV screening program and had been considered immune. OBJECTIVES: To summarize the investigation of VZV among un-immunized HCWs and to provide recommendations for avoiding false-positive serologic tests. DESIGN: Risk of transmission of VZV to susceptible HCWs is minimized through serologic screening. Varicella vaccine is recommended for susceptible HCWs. A commercially available latex bead agglutination assay (LA) is widely used because it is rapid and easy to perform. LA was compared with the whole-cell varicella ELISA standardized in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Herpes Laboratory. SETTING/POPUIATION: Large inner-city, tertiary care hospital with a diverse employee population. RESULTS: In a year, 5 HCWs presented with laboratory confirmed primary varicella infection. Four had VZV exposures 2 weeks prior to presentation. All had documented positive VZV titers by LA performed at hire. None were offered VZV vaccination. The original LAs were judged false-positives. INTERVENTION/FOLLOW-UP INVESTIGATION: Fifty-three consecutive VZV LA samples from the hospital laboratory were retested at the CDC. Forty-four samples concurred. Of the remaining 9, 4 were positive by hospital LA but negative by CDC IgG ELISA. Four were equivocal by hospital LA but negative by CDC IgG ELISA and IA. One was positive by hospital LA but negative by LA and equivocal by ELISA at the CDC. CONCLUSION: LA may be prone to false-positive results and inappropriate for screening hospital HCWs. C1 Univ Penn, Div Occupat Med, Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl VZV Lab, Viral Immunol Sect,Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch,Natl Ctr Inf, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Immunol Lab, Hosp Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. City Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Div Dis Control, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Behrman, A (reprint author), Univ Penn, Div Occupat Med, Hosp Univ Penn, 3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 12 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 202 EP 206 DI 10.1086/502187 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 656LA UT WOS:000181608200010 PM 12683513 ER PT J AU Vernon, MO Trick, WE Welbel, SF Peterson, BJ Weinstein, RA AF Vernon, MO Trick, WE Welbel, SF Peterson, BJ Weinstein, RA TI Adherence with hand hygiene: Does number of sinks matter? SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INFECTION AB We observed adherence with hand hygiene in 14 units at 4 hospitals with varying sink-to-bed ratios (range, 1:1 to 1:6). Adherence was less than 50% in all units and there was no significant trend toward improved hand hygiene with increased sink-to-bed ratios. C1 Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vernon, MO (reprint author), Div Infect Dis, Durand Bldg,637 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU515853-03] NR 8 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 224 EP 225 DI 10.1086/502193 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 656LA UT WOS:000181608200013 PM 12683516 ER PT J AU Loomis, D Bena, JF Bailer, AJ AF Loomis, D Bena, JF Bailer, AJ TI Diversity of trends in occupational injury mortality in the United States, 1980-96 SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID POISSON REGRESSION; DEATH CERTIFICATE; INDUSTRY DATA; RATES AB Objectives: Although the United States has generally enjoyed declining rates of fatal occupational injury, the rate of decline has not been uniform. To examine the heterogeneity of trends, changes in fatal occupational injury rates from 1980 to 1996 were estimated by occupation, industry, geographic region, and demographic group. Methods: Deaths due to injury at work during 1980-96 were identified from the US National Traumatic Occupational Fatality database and populations at risk were estimated from the census of population. Mortality rates were computed for unintentional injuries, homicides, and all injuries combined. The annual rate of change was estimated using Poisson regression to model the death rate as a function of time. Results: The estimated average rates for all fatal occupational injuries and for unintentional injuries declined by 3% per year, while the estimated rate of homicide declined <1% per year. The improvement was faster for men (3% per year) than for women (<1% per year) and for younger relative to older workers (7% per year v 2%-3% per year). Trends were also geographically heterogeneous, with the most rapid declines (7%-8% per year) in the South and West. Injury rates for most occupations and industries declined at near the average rate, but some experienced no change or an increase. The rate of homicide also increased in a number of occupations and industries. Conclusions: Broad downward trends in occupational fatality rates may be explained by several factors, including organized safety efforts, product and process changes, and the ongoing shift of employment toward safer sectors. Disparities in fatal injury trends draw attention to potential opportunities to reduce risk: work settings with increasing injury rates are of particular concern. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Loomis, D (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, CB-7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01-OH03910] NR 16 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1136/ip.9.1.9 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 663CN UT WOS:000181988800003 PM 12642551 ER PT J AU Ikeda, RM Dahlberg, LL Kresnow, MJ Sacks, JJ Mercy, JA AF Ikeda, RM Dahlberg, LL Kresnow, MJ Sacks, JJ Mercy, JA TI Studying "exposure" to firearms: household ownership v access SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID GUN OWNERSHIP; CHILDREN; SUICIDE; RISK; HOME; HOMICIDE; LAWS AB Background: Firearm ownership has often been used to measure access to weapons. However, persons who own a firearm may not have access to it and conversely, persons who do not own a firearm may be able to access one quickly. Objectives: To examine whether using firearm ownership is a reasonable proxy for access by describing the demographic characteristics associated with ownership and access. Methods: Data are from the 1994 Injury Control and Risk Survey, a national, random digit dial survey. Information about household firearm ownership and ready access to a loaded firearm were collected and weighted to provide national estimates. Adjusted odds ratios for three separate models were calculated using logistic regression. Results: A total of 1353 (27.9%) respondents reported both having a firearm in the household and ready access to one. An additional 313 respondents (8.1%) reported having a firearm, but were not able to access these weapons. Another 421 respondents (7.2%) did not have a firearm in or around their home, yet reported being able to retrieve and fire one within 10 minutes. Based on the logistic regression findings, the demographic characteristics of this latter group are quite different from those who report ownership. Those who do not have a firearm, but report ready access to one, are more likely to be ethnic minorities, single, and living in attached homes. Conclusions: Asking only about the presence of a firearm in a household may miss some respondents with ready access to a loaded firearm. More importantly, those who do not own a firearm, but report ready access to one, appear to be qualitatively different from those who report ownership. Caution should be exercised when using measures of ownership as a proxy for access. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ikeda, RM (reprint author), Div Violence Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 53 EP 57 DI 10.1136/ip.9.1.53 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 663CN UT WOS:000181988800012 PM 12642560 ER PT J AU Hoffman, JS AF Hoffman, JS TI World report on violence and health SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Book Review C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hoffman, JS (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 93 EP 93 DI 10.1136/ip.9.1.93 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 663CN UT WOS:000181988800025 ER PT J AU Ndongmo, CB Zekeng, L Kaptue, L AF Ndongmo, CB Zekeng, L Kaptue, L TI Increased HIV prevalence among individuals attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic in Yaounde, Cameroon SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; prevalence; risk factors; STI clinic; Cameroon ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; NEW-YORK-CITY; DISEASES; ASSOCIATION; GONORRHEA AB Monitoring HIV prevalence among selected groups provides important data on infection trends. The present study assessed current HIV prevalence and risk correlates among 255 men and women consecutively attending a sexually transmitted infection clinic in Yaounde, Cameroon. Prevalence of 21.96% and 5.5% were found for HIV and syphilis, respectively, with a significant correlation between the two infections. Although marriage was not a significant predictor for HIV, married men were twice as likely as unmarried men to be infected; no such difference was observed for women. Inconsistent condom use was positively, but not significantly, associated with HIV. Also, age, education, and number of sex partners were not significant correlates of HIV infection. Compared to data collected in 1997, HIV prevalence in this clinic has increased nearly 6%. Our findings highlight the increasing spread of HIV infection in Cameroon and the need for additional control strategies to curb the epidemic. C1 Univ Oslo, Dept Int Hlth, Inst Gen Practice & Community Med, N-0317 Oslo, Norway. Minist Hlth, Lab Sante Hyg Mobile, Yaounde, Cameroon. Univ Yaounde 1, Fac Med, Dept Hematol, Yaounde, Cameroon. RP Ndongmo, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV AIDS & Retrovirol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 189 EP 192 DI 10.1258/095646203762869205 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 654HQ UT WOS:000181489800008 PM 12665442 ER PT J AU Joesoef, MR Cheluget, B Marum, LH Wandera, C Ryan, CA DeCock, KM Chebet, K AF Joesoef, MR Cheluget, B Marum, LH Wandera, C Ryan, CA DeCock, KM Chebet, K TI Differential of HIV prevalence in women and men who attended sexually transmitted disease clinics at HIV sentinel surveillance sites in Kenya, 1990-2001 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV prevalence; STD syndromes; Kenya ID TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; ZIMBABWE AB Several studies in sub-Saharan Africa have reported that HIV prevalence in young women is higher than in young men. We used data from Kenya HIV sentinel surveillance conducted from 1990 to 2001 among sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients (15-49 years old) to investigate consistency of gender differentials over time and their risk factors. Of the 15,889 STD patients, the HIV prevalence ranged from 16.0% in 1990 to 41.8% in 1997. The odds ratios (ORs) of HIV infection for women compared to men decreased by age; women 15-24 years were nearly twice as likely as men of the same ages to be HIV infected (OR 1.7 [1.5-2.0]), but risk in those >44 years was almost equal (OR 0.8 [95% CI 1.8-2.3]). This association persisted after controlling for age groups or marital status, residence, level of education, and presence of STD syndromes. This pattern has been consistent over 12 years. Adolescent women with symptoms of STDs should be a focus for the HIV/STD intervention programmes because of their high risk for HIV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, DIV STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Joesoef, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, DIV STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD MAR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 3 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1258/095646203762869214 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 654HQ UT WOS:000181489800009 PM 12665443 ER PT J AU Rhodes, MW Kator, H Kotob, S van Berkum, P Kaattari, I Vogelbein, W Quinn, F Floyd, MM Butler, WR Ottinger, CA AF Rhodes, MW Kator, H Kotob, S van Berkum, P Kaattari, I Vogelbein, W Quinn, F Floyd, MM Butler, WR Ottinger, CA TI Mycobacterium shottsii sp nov., a slowly growing species isolated from Chesapeake Bay striped bass (Morone saxatilis) SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; NONTUBERCULOUS MYCOBACTERIA; IDENTIFICATION; WATER AB Slowly growing, non-pigmented mycobacteria were isolated from striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis in the Chesapeake Bay. Growth characteristics, acid-fastness and results of 16S rRNA gene sequencing were consistent with those of the genus Mycobacterium. A unique profile of biochemical reactions was observed among the 21 isolates. A single cluster of eight peaks identified by analysis of mycolic acids (HPLC) resembled those of reference patterns but differed in peak elution times from profiles of reference species of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. One isolate (M175(T)) was placed within the slowly growing mycobacteria by analysis of aligned 16S rRNA gene sequences and was proximate in phylogeny to Mycobacterium ulcerans and Mycobacterium marinum. However, distinct nucleoticle differences were detected in the 16S rRNA gene sequence among M175(T), M. ulcerans and M. marinum (99-2% similarity). Isolate IM175(T) could be differentiated from other slowly growing, nonpigmented mycobacteria by its inability to grow at 37degreesC, production of niacin and urease, absence of nitrate reductase and resistance to isoniazid (1 mug ml(-1)), thiacetazone and thiophene-2-carboxylic hydrazide. Based upon these genetic and phenotypic differences, isolate IM175T (= ATCC 700981(T) = NCTC 13215(T)) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species, Mycobacterium shottsii sp. nov. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. US Geol Survey, Leetown Sci Ctr, Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Rhodes, MW (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. OI Ottinger, Christopher/0000-0003-2551-1985 NR 14 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 53 BP 421 EP 424 DI 10.1099/ijs.0.02299-0 PN 2 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 661NY UT WOS:000181897700007 PM 12710607 ER PT J AU Spielberg, F Branson, BM Goldbaum, GM Lockhart, D Kurth, A Celum, CL Rossini, A Critchlow, CW Wood, RW AF Spielberg, F Branson, BM Goldbaum, GM Lockhart, D Kurth, A Celum, CL Rossini, A Critchlow, CW Wood, RW TI Overcoming barriers to HIV testing: Preferences strategies among clients of a needle for new exchange, a sexually transmitted disease clinic, and sex venues for men who have sex with men SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; HIV testing barriers; HIV counseling preferences; HIV testing preferences; HIV prevention ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; UNITED-STATES; ORAL FLUIDS; ON-SITE; INFECTION; RISK; HOME; COLLECTION; TELEPHONE; BLOOD AB Objective: To determine strategies to overcome barriers to HIV testing among persons at risk. Methods: We developed a survey that elicited testing motivators, barriers, and preferences for new strategies among 460 participants at a needle exchange, three sex venues for riten who have sex with men, and a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Results: Barriers to testing included factors influenced by individual concern (fear and discrimination); by programs, policies, and laws (named reporting and inability to afford treatment); and by counseling and testing strategies (dislike of counseling. anxiety waiting for results, and venipuncture). The largest proportions of participants preferred rapid testing strategies, including clinic-based testing (27%) and home self-testing (20%); roughly equal proportions preferred oral fluid testing (18%), urine testing (17%), and standard blood testing (17%). One percent preferred home specimen collection. Participants who had never tested before were significantly more likely to prefer home self-testing compared with other strategies. Blacks were significantly more likely to prefer urine testing. Conclusions: Strategies for improving acceptance of HIV counseling and testing include information about access to anonymous testing and early treatment. Expanding options for rapid testing, urine testing, and home self-testing; providing alternatives to venipuncture; making pretest counseling, optional; and allowing telephone results disclosure may encourage more persons to learn their HIV status. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Spielberg, F (reprint author), Ctr AIDS & STD, POB 359931,325 9th Ave,3EC44, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RI Kurth, Ann/A-1615-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI27757]; NIDA NIH HHS [KO8 DA00472-01]; ODCDC CDC HHS [R18/CCR015258-01] NR 34 TC 120 Z9 129 U1 4 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD MAR PY 2003 VL 32 IS 3 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1097/00126334-200303010-00012 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 655NW UT WOS:000181559800012 PM 12626893 ER PT J AU Bernstein, DI Biagini, RE Karnani, R Hamilton, R Murphy, K Bernstein, C Arija, S Berendts, B Yeang, HY AF Bernstein, DI Biagini, RE Karnani, R Hamilton, R Murphy, K Bernstein, C Arija, S Berendts, B Yeang, HY TI In vivo sensitization to purified Hevea brasiliensis proteins in health care workers sensitized to natural rubber latex SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE latex; natural rubber latex; Hev b; Hev b 13; skin prick test; latex allergy; health care workers ID SPINA-BIFIDA; ALLERGENS; HEV-B-1; CLONING; IGE AB Background: Thirteen proteins of natural rubber latex (Hevea brasiliensis) known to bind human IgE have been isolated and characterized as Hev b allergens. However, the in vivo importance of native Hev b allergens has not been defined in health care workers (HCWs) with natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy Objectives: The principal aim of this study was to identify the major in vivo Hev b allergens in HCWs with NRL allergy confirmed by percutaneous sensitivity to nonammoniated latex (NAL). Methods: Skin prick testing was performed with 7 (native) proteins purified from NAL (Hev b 1, 2, 3, 4, 6.01, 7.01, and a newly described Hev b 13) and recombinant Hev b 5 in 62 HCWs with histories of NRL allergy (group 1) confirmed by percutaneous reactivity to NAL and in 49 atopic HCWs without NRL allergy (group 2). Serial 10-fold concentrations of Hev b proteins (5 x 10(-5) mug/mL to 50 mug/mL) were tested; serum samples of subjects were assayed for serum specific IgE by immunoassays. Results: Hev b 2, Hev b 5, Hev b 6.01, and Hev b 13 produced skin reactions in more than 60% of group I subjects, with Hev b 1, 3, 4, and 7.01 eliciting reactions in less than 50%. Only I of 49 group 2 workers reacted to a single Hev b antigen (Hev b 13). Specificity of 7 Hev b allergens was 100% and 98% for Hev b 13 in identifying workers with confirmed NRL allergy. Specific IgE by AlaSTAT and CAP immunoassays was elevated in 40 of 60 (67%) and 33 of 62 (53%) of NAL-reactive workers and produced false-positive test results in 4 of 49 (8%) and 3 of 48 (6%) group 2 subjects, respectively. Conclusion: Hev b 2,5, and 6.01 are major in vivo allergens and Hev b 13 is a new major in vivo allergen among HCWs with allergy to NRL. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv,Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Berstein Clin Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. SV Lebedev Synthet Rubber Res Inst, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RP Bernstein, DI (reprint author), Div Immunol & Allergy, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y02ES10189] NR 15 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 3 BP 610 EP 616 DI 10.1067/mai.2003.164 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 656YW UT WOS:000181639500026 PM 12642845 ER PT J AU Ferreira, JL Maslanka, S Johnson, E Goodnough, M AF Ferreira, JL Maslanka, S Johnson, E Goodnough, M TI Detection of botulinal neurotoxins A, B, E, and F by amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: Collaborative study SO JOURNAL OF AOAC INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article ID TOXIN; ELISA AB An amplified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (amp-ELISA) was compared with the AOAC Official Method 977.26 for detection of Clostridium botulinum and its toxins in foods. Eleven laboratories participated and the results of 10 laboratories were used in the study. Two anaerobic culture media, tryptone peptone glucose yeast extract (TPGY) and cooked meat medium (CMM) were used to generate toxic samples with types A, B, E, and F botulinal strains. Nonbotulinal clostridia were also tested. The toxicity of each botulinal culture was determined by the AOAC method, and the cultures were then diluted, if necessary, to high (about 10 000 minimal lethal dose [MLD]/mL) and low (about 100 MLD/mL) test samples. The overall sensitivity of detection in TPGY and CMM cultures with the amp-ELISA was 94.7% at about 100 MLD/mL and 99.6% for samples with greater than or equal to10 000 MLD/mL toxicity. The amp-ELISA detection sensitivity for low toxin samples was 92.3% in TPGY and 99.4%, in CMM. The false-positive rate ranged from 1.5% for type A to 28.6% for type F in TPGY, and from 2.4% for type A to 11.4% for type F in CMM. Most of the cross-reactivity was due to detection of other botulinal types, especially in high toxin samples. The amp-ELISA could be used to screen suspect cultures for botulinal toxins. Positive amp-ELISA samples would be confirmed by the AOAC reference method. C1 US FDA, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Food Microbiol & Toxicol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ferreira, JL (reprint author), US FDA, 60 8th St NE, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. NR 7 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 13 PU AOAC INTERNATIONAL PI GAITHERSBURG PA 481 NORTH FREDRICK AVE, STE 500, GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-2504 USA SN 1060-3271 J9 J AOAC INT JI J. AOAC Int. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 86 IS 2 BP 314 EP 331 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Food Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology GA 665UC UT WOS:000182138800013 PM 12723917 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Dong, RG Smutz, WP Schopper, AW AF Wu, JZ Dong, RG Smutz, WP Schopper, AW TI Modeling of time-dependent force response of fingertip to dynamic loading SO JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS LA English DT Article DE hyperelastic; poroelastic; finite element model; soft tissue mechanics; fingertip ID CARPAL-TUNNEL PRESSURE; HUMAN HEEL PAD; PRIMATE FINGERTIP; IN-VIVO; COMPRESSION; TISSUES; SKIN; MECHANICS; PULP AB An extended exposure to repeated loading on fingertip has been associated to many vascular, sensorineural, and musculoskeletal disorders in the fingers, such as carpal tunnel syndrome, hand-arm vibration syndrome, and flexor tenosynovitis. A better understanding of the pathomechanics of these sensorineural and vascular diseases in fingers requires a formulation of a biomechanical model of the fingertips and analyses to predict the mechanical responses of the soft tissues to dynamic loading. In the present study, a model based on finite element techniques has been developed to simulate the mechanical responses of the fingertips to dynamic loading. The proposed model is two-dimensional and,incorporates the essential anatomical structures of a finger: skin, subcutaneous tissue, bone, and nail. The skin tissue is assumed to be hyperelastic and viscoelastic. The subcutaneous tissue was considered to be a nonlinear, biphasic material composed of a hyperelastic solid and an invicid fluid, while its hydraulic permeability was considered to be deformation dependent. Two series of numerical tests were performed using the proposed finger tip model to: (a) simulate the responses of the fingertip to repeated loading, where the contact plate was assumed to be fixed, and the bone within the fingertip was subjected to a prescribed sinusoidal displacement in vertical direction; (b) simulate the force response of the fingertip in a single keystroke, where the keyboard was composed of a hard plastic keycap, a rigid support block, and a nonlinear spring. The time-dependent behavior of the fingertip under dynamic loading was derived. The model predictions of the time-histories of force response of the fingertip and the phenomenon of fingertip separation from the contacting plate during cyclic loading agree well with the reported experimental observations. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, HELD, E&CTB, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, HELD, E&CTB, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-9290 J9 J BIOMECH JI J. Biomech. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 36 IS 3 BP 383 EP 392 DI 10.1016/S0021-9290(02)00427-X PG 10 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical SC Biophysics; Engineering GA 650DP UT WOS:000181247600008 PM 12594986 ER PT J AU Ho, PL Johnson, DR Yue, AWY Tsang, DNC Que, TL Beall, B Kaplan, EL AF Ho, PL Johnson, DR Yue, AWY Tsang, DNC Que, TL Beall, B Kaplan, EL TI Epidemiologic analysis of invasive and noninvasive group A streptococcal isolates in Hong Kong SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; UPPER RESPIRATORY-TRACT; UNCOMPLICATED PHARYNGITIS; CLINICAL-FEATURES; RHEUMATIC-FEVER; UNITED-STATES; M-PROTEIN; INFECTIONS; SEROTYPES; PYOGENES AB Since the mid-1980s, there has been a resurgence of severe forms of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease in many Western countries. In Hong Kong, a similar increase has also been observed in recent years. One hundred seven GAS isolates collected from 1995 to 1998 from individuals with necrotizing fasciitis, toxic shock syndrome, meningitis, or other type of bacteremic sepsis (invasive group, n = 24) as well as from individuals with minor skin and throat infections (noninvasive group, n = 83) were characterized through serologic and/or emm sequence typing. Thirty-two M protein gene sequence types were identified. Types M1, M4, and M12 were the most prevalent in both the invasive group and the noninvasive group; together they accounted for 70.8 and 37.3% of the isolates, respectively. No clear pattern of skin and throat infection M types was observed. Type M1 was overrepresented in the invasive and pharyngeal isolates. The same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern was shared by most invasive and all pharyngeal M1 isolates. Overall, resistance to erythromycin (32%) and tetracycline (53%) was high, but M1 isolates were significantly less likely to have resistance to either antimicrobial agent than non-M1 isolates. One novel emm sequence type, stHK, was identified in an isolate from a patient with necrotizing fasciitis. Minor emm gene sequence alterations were noted for 31 isolates, and for 13 of these isolates, deletion, insertion, or point mutations were seen in the hypervariable 50 N-terminal residues. C1 Univ Hong Kong, Fac Med, Ctr Infect, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Streptococci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ho, PL (reprint author), Univ Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Pokfulam Rd, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RI Ho, Pak Leung/C-4310-2009 OI Ho, Pak Leung/0000-0002-8811-1308 NR 34 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 937 EP 942 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.3.937-942.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 656PQ UT WOS:000181616500004 PM 12624012 ER PT J AU Donabedian, SM Thal, LA Hershberger, E Perri, MB Chow, JW Bartlett, P Jones, R Joyce, K Rossiter, S Gay, K Johnson, J Mackinson, C Debess, E Madden, J Angulo, F Zervos, MJ AF Donabedian, SM Thal, LA Hershberger, E Perri, MB Chow, JW Bartlett, P Jones, R Joyce, K Rossiter, S Gay, K Johnson, J Mackinson, C Debess, E Madden, J Angulo, F Zervos, MJ TI Molecular characterization of gentamicin-resistant enterococci in the United States: Evidence of spread from animals to humans through food SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMINOGLYCOSIDE RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; STREPTOCOCCUS-FAECALIS; FAECIUM; LEVEL; IDENTIFICATION; COMMUNITY; GENE; ORIGIN AB We evaluated the molecular mechanism for resistance of 360 enterococci for which the gentamicin MICs were greater than or equal to128 mug/ml. The aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, aph(2")-Ic, and aph(2")-Id genes were identified by PCR in isolates from animals, food, and humans. The aph(2")-Ib gene was not identified in any of the isolates. Two Enterococcus faecalis isolates (MICs > 1,024 mug/ml) from animals failed to generate a PCR product for any of the genes tested and likely contain a new unidentified aminoglycoside resistance gene. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis showed a diversity of strains. However, 1 human and 18 pork E. faecalis isolates from Michigan with the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia gene had related PFGE patterns and 2 E. faecalis isolates from Oregon (1 human and 1 grocery store chicken isolate) had indistinguishable PFGE patterns. We found that when a gentamicin-resistant gene was present in resistant enterococci from animals, that gene was also present in enterococci isolated from food products of the same animal species. Although these data indicate much diversity among gentamicin-resistant enterococci, the data also suggest similarities in gentamicin resistance among enterococci isolated from humans, retail food, and farm animals from geographically diverse areas and provide evidence of the spread of gentamicin-resistant enterococci from animals to humans through the food supply. C1 William Beaumont Hosp, Inst Res, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. William Beaumont Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. John D Dingell VA Med Ctr, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. US FDA, Ctr Vet Med, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Dept Agr, Portland, OR USA. RP Zervos, MJ (reprint author), William Beaumont Hosp, Inst Res, 3601 W 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI 48073 USA. FU FDA HHS [FD-U-001577-01] NR 34 TC 102 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1109 EP 1113 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.3.1109-1113.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 656PQ UT WOS:000181616500029 PM 12624037 ER PT J AU Bartkus, JM Juni, BA Ehresmann, K Miller, CA Sanden, GN Cassiday, PK Saubolle, M Lee, B Long, J Harrison, AR Besser, JM AF Bartkus, JM Juni, BA Ehresmann, K Miller, CA Sanden, GN Cassiday, PK Saubolle, M Lee, B Long, J Harrison, AR Besser, JM TI Identification of a mutation associated with erythromycin resistance in Bordetella pertussis: Implications for surveillance of antimicrobial resistance SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 23S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI; CLARITHROMYCIN RESISTANCE; MACROLIDE RESISTANCE; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; POINT MUTATIONS; GENE-MUTATIONS; PREVENTION; POPULATION; STRAINS AB Erythromycin treatment failures and in vitro resistance of Bordetella pertussis have been reported on several occasions in the past few years, but the mechanism of resistance has not been described. One potential mechanism, genetic modification of the erythromycin-binding site on the 23S rRNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit, has been observed in other bacteria. To explore this possibility, we amplified the portion of the 23S rRNA gene encoding the central loop of domain V. DNA sequencing and restriction fragment length polymorphism of the PCR products showed that each of the four erythromycin-resistant B. pertussis strains tested contained an A-to-G transition mutation at position 2058 (Escherichia coli numbering) of the 23S rRNA gene. The mutation was not found in seven erythromycin-susceptible isolates tested. Two of the resistant isolates were heterozygous, containing at least one mutant copy and one wild-type copy of the 23S rRNA gene. These results indicate that erythromycin resistance in these strains is likely due to a mutation of the erythromycin-binding site in the 23S rRNA gene. Identification of the resistance mechanism will facilitate development of molecular susceptibility testing methods that can be used directly on clinical specimens in the absence of an isolate. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Crossroads Med Ctr, Chaska, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. Good Samaritan Hosp, Phoenix, AZ USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Oakland, CA USA. RP Bartkus, JM (reprint author), Minnesota Dept Hlth, Publ Hlth Lab, 717 Delaware St SE,POB 9441, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. NR 37 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1167 EP 1172 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.3.1167-1172.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 656PQ UT WOS:000181616500039 PM 12624047 ER PT J AU Arens, MQ Liddell, AM Buening, G Gaudreault-Keener, M Sumner, JW Comer, JA Buller, RS Storch, GA AF Arens, MQ Liddell, AM Buening, G Gaudreault-Keener, M Sumner, JW Comer, JA Buller, RS Storch, GA TI Detection of Ehrlichia spp. in the blood of wild white-tailed deer in Missouri by PCR assay and serologic analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; CHAFFEENSIS; EWINGII; RICKETTSIALES; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION AB Blood samples collected from wild deer in Missouri in November of 2000 and 2001 were positive by PCR assays for Ehrlichia chaffeensis (50 of 217; 23%), Ehrlichia ewingii (44 of 217; 20%), and Anaplasma species (214 of 217; 99%). Nucleotide sequences of selected amplicons from the assay for anaplasma matched sequences of the white-tailed deer agent. Serologic analysis of 112 deer sampled in 2000 showed a very high prevalence of antibodies to E. chaffeensis (97 of 112; 87%) and a low prevalence of antibodies reactive with Anaplasma phagocytophila (2 of 112; 2%). C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. St Louis Childrens Hosp, Clin Virol Lab, St Louis, MO 63178 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arens, MQ (reprint author), Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Box 8116,1 Childrens Pl, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1263 EP 1265 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.3.1263-1265.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 656PQ UT WOS:000181616500055 PM 12624063 ER PT J AU Daneshvar, MI Hollis, DG Weyant, RS Steigerwalt, AG Whitney, AM Douglas, MP Macgregor, JP Jordan, JG Mayer, LW Rassouli, SM Barchet, W Munro, C Shuttleworth, L Bernard, K AF Daneshvar, MI Hollis, DG Weyant, RS Steigerwalt, AG Whitney, AM Douglas, MP Macgregor, JP Jordan, JG Mayer, LW Rassouli, SM Barchet, W Munro, C Shuttleworth, L Bernard, K TI Paracoccus yeeii sp nov (formerly CDC group EO-2), a novel bacterial species associated with human infection SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION; PSYCHROBACTER-IMMOBILIS AB CDC eugonic oxidizer group 2 (EO-2) is a group of unclassified gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from various human sources. As determined by biochemical tests and analyses of fatty acid compositions, these organisms form a homogeneous group that appears to be distinct from but related to other Paracoccus species. Molecular studies were performed on a set of 13 EO-2 strains from various clinical sources and geographic locations in the United States and Canada to determine their relationship to the Paracoccus genus. Control strains were Paracoccus denitrificans ATCC 17741(T), P. versutus ATCC 25364(T), P. aminophilus ATCC 49673(T), P. solventivorans ATCC 700252(T), and Psychrobacter immobilis ATCC 43116(T), which are phenotypically similar to EO-2. Nearly complete (1,500-base) 16S rRNA gene sequencing of eight EO-2 strains showed a high level of sequence similarity (>99.3%) within the group, and a BLAST search of GenBank placed the EO-2 cluster in close proximity to Paracoccus species (95 to 97% similarity). DNA-DNA hybridization studies of 13 of the EO-2 strains showed all to be related at the species level, with >70% relatedness under stringent conditions and a divergence within the group of less than 2%. None of the Paracoccus control strains hybridized at >54% with any of the EO-2 strains. These results indicate that EO-2 represents a new Paracoccus species, the first isolated from human clinical specimens. A new species, Paracoccus yeeii, is proposed for the EO-2 strains. The type strain of P. yeeii is CDCG1212 (ATCC BAA-599 and CCUG 46822), isolated in Pennsylvania from dialysate of a 77-year-old male with peritonitis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Canada, Natl Microbiol Lab, Special Bacteriol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. RP Daneshvar, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1289 EP 1294 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.3.1289-1294.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 656PQ UT WOS:000181616500062 PM 12624070 ER PT J AU Schulte-Spechtel, U Lehnert, G Liegl, G Fingerle, V Heimerl, C Johnson, BJB Wilske, B AF Schulte-Spechtel, U Lehnert, G Liegl, G Fingerle, V Heimerl, C Johnson, BJB Wilske, B TI Significant improvement of the recombinant Borrelia-specific immunoglobulin G immunoblot test by addition of VlsE and a DbpA homologue derived from Borrelia garinii for diagnosis of early neuroborreliosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; OUTER SURFACE PROTEIN; LYME-DISEASE; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; SERODIAGNOSIS; IMMUNODOMINANT; EXPRESSION; HETEROGENEITY; STRAINS; AFZELII AB We investigated whether the recombinant Borrelia Western blot test previously described (B. Wilske, C. Habermann, V. Fingerle, B. Hillenbrand, S. Jauris-Heipke, G. Lehnert, I. Pradel, D. Rossler, and U. Schulte-Spechtel, Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 188:139-144, 1999) can be improved by the addition of VISE and additional DbpA and OspC homologues. By using a panel of sera from 36 neuroborreliosis patients and 67 control patients, the diagnostic sensitivity of the recombinant immunoblot test was significantly increased (86.1% versus 52.7%) without loss of specificity and was higher (86.1% versus 63.8%) than that of the conventional whole-cell lysate immunoblot test (U. Hauser, G. Lehnert, R. Lobentanzer, and B. Wilske, J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:1433-1444, 1997). Improvement was mainly due to the presence of VlsE and DbpA. C1 Univ Munich, Max Von Pettenkofer Inst Hyg & Med Microbiol, D-80336 Munich, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Wilske, B (reprint author), Univ Munich, Max Von Pettenkofer Inst Hyg & Med Microbiol, Pettenkoferstr 9A, D-80336 Munich, Germany. OI Fingerle, Volker/0000-0002-3835-5646 NR 21 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1299 EP 1303 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.3.1299-1303.2003 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 656PQ UT WOS:000181616500064 PM 12624072 ER PT J AU Lott, TJ Fundyga, RE Brandt, ME Harrison, LH Sofair, AN Hajjeh, RA Warnock, DW AF Lott, TJ Fundyga, RE Brandt, ME Harrison, LH Sofair, AN Hajjeh, RA Warnock, DW TI Stability of allelic frequencies and distributions of Candida albicans microsatellite loci from US population-based surveillance isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE; SCOPE PROGRAM; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Allelic distributions and frequencies of five Candida albicans microsatellite loci have been determined for strains isolated from the bloodstream and obtained through active population-based surveillance in two U.S. metropolitan areas between 1998 and 2000. These data were compared to data for isolates obtained from two other U.S. regions in 1992 to 1993. In a majority of pairwise combinations between sites, no evidence was seen for shifts in microsatellite allelic frequencies. One to three alleles were highly predominant and correlated with major genotypes. These data both support the concepts of allelic stability and genetic equilibria and suggest that, in the United States, strains of C. albicans isolated from the bloodstream may form a defined, genetically homogeneous population across geographical distance and time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. RP Lott, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 41 IS 3 BP 1316 EP 1321 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.3.1316-1321.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 656PQ UT WOS:000181616500068 PM 12624076 ER PT J AU Lehmann, T Licht, M Elissa, N Maega, BTA Chimumbwa, JM Watsenga, FT Wondji, CS Simard, F Hawley, WA AF Lehmann, T Licht, M Elissa, N Maega, BTA Chimumbwa, JM Watsenga, FT Wondji, CS Simard, F Hawley, WA TI Population structure of Anopheles gambiae in Africa SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID RIFT-VALLEY COMPLEX; GENE FLOW; WEST-AFRICA; INCIPIENT SPECIATION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; MALARIA VECTOR; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; CHROMOSOMAL FORMS; F-STATISTICS; DNA ANALYSIS AB The population structure of Anopheles gambiae in Africa was studied using 11 microsatellite loci in 16 samples from 10 countries. All loci are located outside polymorphic inversions. Heterogeneity among loci was detected and two putative outlier loci were removed from analyses aimed at capturing genome-wide patterns. Two main divisions of the gene pool were separated by high differentiation (F-ST > 0.1). The northwestern (NW) division included populations from Senegal, Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, Gabon, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and western Kenya. The southeastern (SE) division included populations from eastern Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, and Zambia. Inhospitable environments for A. gambiae along the Rift Valley partly separate these divisions. Reduced genetic diversity in the SE division and results of an analysis based on private alleles support the hypothesis that a recent bottleneck, followed by colonization from the NW populations shaped this structure. In the NW division, populations possessing the M rDNA genotype appeared to form a monophyletic clade. Although genetic distance increased with geographic distance, discontinuities were suggested between certain sets of populations. The absence of heterozygotes between sympatric M and S populations in the DRC and the high differentiation in locus 678 (F-ST > 0.28) contrasted with low differentiation in all other loci (-0.02 < F-ST < 0.09) and with the persistence of departures from Hardy-Weinberg expectations within each form in the DRC. Neither recent reproductive isolation alone nor selection alone can explain these results, a situation that is compatible with incipient speciation. Because it is possible that the molecular forms play different roles in malaria transmission, future studies should treat them separately. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CIRMF, Unite Entomol Med, Franceville, Gabon. Natl Inst Med Res, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Natl Malaria Control Ctr, Lusaka, Zambia. Minist Hlth, Entomol Lab, Kinshasa, Zaire. Org Lutte Grandes Endemies Afrique Cent, Lab Inst Rech Dev, Yaounde, Cameroon. RP Lehmann, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30041 USA. RI SIMARD, Frederic/J-9489-2016 OI SIMARD, Frederic/0000-0002-2871-5329 NR 60 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 94 IS 2 BP 133 EP 147 DI 10.1093/jhered/esg024 PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 674GE UT WOS:000182628400004 PM 12721225 ER PT J AU Falsey, AR Erdman, D Anderson, LJ Walsh, EE AF Falsey, AR Erdman, D Anderson, LJ Walsh, EE TI Human metapneumovirus infections in young and elderly adults SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 40th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY OCT 24-27, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Int Dis Soc Amer ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; INFLUENZA-A; CHILDREN AB Human metapneumovirus virus (hMPV) is a newly discovered respiratory pathogen with limited epidemiological data available. Cohorts of young and older adults were prospectively evaluated for hMPV infection during 2 winter seasons. Patients hospitalized for cardiopulmonary conditions during that period were also studied. Overall, 44 (4.5%) of 984 illnesses were associated with hMPV infection, and 9 (4.1%) of 217 asymptomatic subjects were infected. There was a significant difference in rates of hMPV illnesses between years 1 and 2 (7/452 [1.5%] vs. 37/532 [7.0%]; P < .0001). In the second year, 11% of hospitalized patients had evidence of hMPV infection. Infections occurred in all age groups but were most common among young adults. Frail elderly people with hMPV infection frequently sought medical attention. In conclusion, hMPV infection occurs in adults of all ages and may account for a significant portion of persons hospitalized with respiratory infections during some years. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester Gen Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Falsey, AR (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester Gen Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, 1425 Portland Ave, Rochester, NY 14621 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [NIAID R01 45969] NR 10 TC 334 Z9 364 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 5 BP 785 EP 790 DI 10.1086/367901 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 649LF UT WOS:000181209400009 PM 12599052 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Bopp, CA Greene, KD Kubota, KA Middendorf, RL Wells, JG Mintz, ED AF Crump, JA Bopp, CA Greene, KD Kubota, KA Middendorf, RL Wells, JG Mintz, ED TI Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141-associated cholera-like diarrhea and bloodstream infection in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; STRAINS; TOXIN; EPIDEMIC; PHAGE; O1 AB Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141 has been associated with sporadic cholera-like diarrhea and bloodstream infection in the United States. Consumption of seafood and proximity to the coast may increase the risk of infection. All V. cholerae isolates recovered from stool samples of patients with diarrhea or from a normally sterile site should be sero-grouped and assessed for cholera toxin production. Improved surveillance and case-control studies are needed to further characterize illness and risk factors for V. cholerae O141 infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 5 BP 866 EP 868 DI 10.1086/368330 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 649LF UT WOS:000181209400019 PM 12599062 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL Perz, JF Alter, MJ AF Armstrong, GL Perz, JF Alter, MJ TI Perinatal hepatitis C virus transmission - Role of human immunodeficiency virus infection and injection drug use SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Ave NE,Mailstop G-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 5 BP 872 EP 872 DI 10.1086/367893 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 649LF UT WOS:000181209400021 PM 12599064 ER PT J AU Scharbo-DeHaan, M AF Scharbo-DeHaan, M TI The CDC 2002 guidelines for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases: Implications for women's health care SO JOURNAL OF MIDWIFERY & WOMENS HEALTH LA English DT Article DE sexually transmitted diseases viral; sexually transmitted diseases bacterial ID TRICHOMONAS-VAGINALIS; PREGNANT-WOMEN; METRONIDAZOLE; AZITHROMYCIN; PREVALENCE; CHLAMYDIA; INFECTION; DELIVERY; HERPES AB Persons rely on health care providers to make diagnostic and therapeutic decisions based on the most current information. With areas of practice changing rapidly, providers are challenged to keep abreast of new and changing treatment guidelines. The new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2002 Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Treatment Guidelines provide clinical guidance in the appropriate assessment and management of STDs. This article reviews recent changes in the STD Treatment Guidelines for the most common disease entities and their sequelae encountered by women's health practitioners. The changes noted in this article include new screening recommendations, use of new diagnostics, new treatment algorithms, and changes in therapeutic regimens. (C) 2003 by the American College of Nurse-Midwives. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Med Educ & Evaluat Sect, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Training & Hlth Commun Branch, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. RP Scharbo-DeHaan, M (reprint author), Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1526-9523 J9 J MIDWIFERY WOM HEAL JI J. Midwifery Women Health PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 48 IS 2 BP 96 EP 104 DI 10.1016/S1526-9523(02)00416-6 PG 9 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 669XU UT WOS:000182376900003 PM 12686941 ER PT J AU Wallace, WE Hubbs, AF Keane, MJ Battelli, LA Ma, J Schleiff, P Gupta, NC Mazza, S Bishop, HA AF Wallace, WE Hubbs, AF Keane, MJ Battelli, LA Ma, J Schleiff, P Gupta, NC Mazza, S Bishop, HA TI PET imaging of pulmonary fibrosis - Reply SO JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. W Virginia Univ, PET Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Wallace, WE (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC NUCLEAR MEDICINE INC PI RESTON PA 1850 SAMUEL MORSE DR, RESTON, VA 20190-5316 USA SN 0161-5505 J9 J NUCL MED JI J. Nucl. Med. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 44 IS 3 BP 484 EP 484 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 653QF UT WOS:000181447700031 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Bowman, BA Cooper, GR Myers, GL Miller, DT AF Blanck, HM Bowman, BA Cooper, GR Myers, GL Miller, DT TI Laboratory issues: Use of nutritional biomarkers SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; diet assessment; epidemiology; nutrition; methodology ID PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; LIPID MEASUREMENTS; QUALITY-CONTROL; CHOLESTEROL; DISEASE; STANDARDIZATION; GUIDELINES; PROGRAM; MARKERS; IMPACT AB Biomarkers of nutritional status provide alternative measures of dietary intake. Like the error and variation associated with dietary intake measures, the magnitude and impact of both biological (preanalytical) and laboratory (analytical) variability need to be considered when one is using biomarkers. When choosing a biomarker, it is important to understand how it relates to nutritional intake and the specific time frame of exposure it reflects as well as how it is affected by sampling and laboratory procedures. Biological sources of variation that arise from genetic and disease states of an individual affect biomarkers, but they are also affected by nonbiological sources of variation arising from specimen collection and storage, seasonality, time of day, contamination, stability and laboratory quality assurance. When choosing a laboratory for biomarker assessment, researchers should try to make sure random and systematic error is minimized by inclusion of certain techniques such as blinding of laboratory staff to disease status and including external pooled standards to which laboratory staff are blinded. In addition analytic quality control should be ensured by use of internal standards or certified materials over the entire range of possible values to control method accuracy. One must consider the effect of random laboratory error on measurement precision and also understand the method's limit of detection and the laboratory cutpoints. Choosing appropriate cutpoints and reducing error is extremely important in nutritional epidemiology where weak associations are frequent. As part of this review, serum lipids are included as an example of a biomarker whereby collaborative efforts have been put forth to both understand biological sources of variation and standardize laboratory results. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 133 IS 3 SU S BP 888S EP 894S PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 655GQ UT WOS:000181543300004 PM 12612175 ER PT J AU Godsey, MS Abdoon, AMM Savage, HM Al-Sharani, AM Al-Mazrou, Y Al-Jeffri, MH Al-Sughair, S Al-Safi, S Ksiazek, TG Miller, BR AF Godsey, MS Abdoon, AMM Savage, HM Al-Sharani, AM Al-Mazrou, Y Al-Jeffri, MH Al-Sughair, S Al-Safi, S Ksiazek, TG Miller, BR TI First record of Aedes (Stegomyia) unilineatus in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Aedes unilineatus; Stegomiya; Saudi Arabia; distribution; arboviruses AB Entomological surveillance was conducted in Air. Jizan. and Makkah regions, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. during December 2000 in response to bill outbreak, of Rift Valley fever Aedes (Stegomyia) unilineatus was collected in CO2-baited Centers for Disease Control miniature light traps at 4 widely spaced sites. This represents the 1st record of this species, from the Arabian Peninsula, Previously the distribution of Ae. unilineatus, included Africa. Pakistan, and India, No arboviruses were isolated from 18 females tested by Vero cell plaque assay. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Minist Hlth, Abha, Saudi Arabia. Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Godsey, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 84 EP 86 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 663VL UT WOS:000182026900017 PM 12674542 ER PT J AU Mondul, A Krebs, JW Childs, JE AF Mondul, A Krebs, JW Childs, JE TI Trends in national surveillance for rabies among bats in the United States (1993-2000) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RACCOON RABIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective-To describe surveillance trends and epidemiologic features of. rabies in bats in the United States, focusing on 3 bat species primarily associated with variants of the rabies virus that affect humans. Design-Retrospective study. Animals-31,380 bats. Procedure-Data on rabies for bats identified to species and reported by state laboratories from 1993 to 2000 were analyzed, focusing on silver-haired, eastern pipistrelle, and Brazilian free-tailed bats. Categoric variables were derived from other provided information. Results-Data were reported from 37 states during the study interval; complete species-specific data were not reported by any state for the entire interval. Bats primarily associated with rabies virus variants affecting humans were more likely to yield positive test results for rabies. (22.7%), compared with all other bats (5.5%) in most seasons and from most regions of the United States. However, certain other bat species had higher percentages of positive results. Risk of positive results was highest in the fall and highest among bats originating in the southwestern United States. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Increased risk of rabies among certain groups of bat species was consistently found, across seasons and most geographic regions of the United States. Results were in general agreement with those of previous studies conducted within smaller geographic regions. There,are ongoing efforts to improve surveillance of rabies in bats, although surveillance is incomplete in some regions. C1 Emory Clin, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Emory Clin, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 28 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 5 BP 633 EP 639 DI 10.2460/javma.2003.222.633 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 648HK UT WOS:000181144800023 PM 12619845 ER PT J AU Philipp, CS Dilley, A Miller, CH Evatt, B Baranwal, A Schwartz, R Bachmann, G Saidi, P AF Philipp, CS Dilley, A Miller, CH Evatt, B Baranwal, A Schwartz, R Bachmann, G Saidi, P TI Platelet functional defects in women with unexplained menorrhagia SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE bleeding disorders; menorrhagia; platelet dysfunction ID INHERITED BLEEDING DISORDERS; VON-WILLEBRAND-DISEASE; MENSTRUAL BLOOD-LOSS; AGGREGATION; EPINEPHRINE; TIME; RESPONSIVENESS; HYSTERECTOMY; HEMATOCRIT; CYCLE AB Menorrhagia is a common clinical problem and is unexplained in more than 50% of women. Although studies suggest that von Willebrand's Disease (VWD) is found in a substantial number of women with unexplained menorrhagia, the prevalence of platelet defects in women with menorrhagia is unknown. To determine the prevalence of platelet and other hemostatic defects, we evaluated women ages 17-55 diagnosed with unexplained menorrhagia. Seventy-four women (52 white, 16 black, six other) were studied. Bleeding time was prolonged in 23 women (31.5%). Maximal percent platelet aggregation was decreased with one or more agonists in 35 (47.3%) women. The most commonly found platelet function defects were reduced aggregation responses to ristocetin in 22 women and to epinephrine in 16 women. Sixteen of 22 women with reduced ristocetin aggregation had von Willebrand ristocetin cofactor (VWF:RCo) and von Willebrand factor antigen (VWF:Ag) > 60%. Platelet ATP release was decreased with one or more agonists in 43 (58.1%) women. Of the black women studied, 11/16 (69%) had abnormal platelet aggregation studies compared with 20/52 white women (39%) (P = 0.06). Black women with menorrhagia had a higher prevalence of decreased platelet aggregation in response to ristocetin and epinephrine than did white women (P = 0.0075, P = 0.02). Ten women (13.5%) had VWF:RCo and/or VWF:Ag < 60%. Using race and blood group specific ranges, 5 (6.8%) women had decreased VWF:RCo, VWF:Ag and/or collagen binding (VWF:CB). Mild factor XI deficiency was found in two women and one woman with mild factor V deficiency and one hemophilia A carrier were identified. We conclude that the prevalence of platelet function defects and other inherited bleeding disorders is substantial in a multiracial US population of women with unexplained menorrhagia. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Womens Hlth Inst, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Philipp, CS (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, MEB Rm 378,1 Robert Wood Johnson Pl, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 32 TC 97 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 1 IS 3 BP 477 EP 484 DI 10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00061.x PG 8 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 681XY UT WOS:000183061900017 PM 12871453 ER PT J AU Stamey, FR DeLeon-Carnes, M Patel, MM Pellett, PE Dollard, SC AF Stamey, FR DeLeon-Carnes, M Patel, MM Pellett, PE Dollard, SC TI Comparison of a microtiter plate system to Southern blot for detection of human herpesvirus 8 DNA amplified from blood and saliva SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE PCR; ELISA; human herpesvirus 8; digoxigenin ID KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 DNA; SEQUENCES; DISEASE; LOAD AB The recent discovery of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) as the etiologic agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has led to the interest in the development of PCR for this virus that is accurate, rapid, and convenient. We developed a sensitive PCR assay for HHV-8 with microliter plate detection of amplimers. DNA was purified from white blood cells and saliva from HIV-infected men with and without Kaposi's sarcoma and one-step PCR was undertaken with primer sets specific for the N-terminal region of the glycoprotein B gene and open reading frame (orf) 26 of HHV-8. PCR was performed on 40 clinical specimens, followed by Southern blot and microtiter plate detection of amplimers. Results from the two methods of detection were nearly identical. Sensitivity for both methods based on serial dilution of a known standard was five to ten copies of HHV-8 per 400 ng of cellular DNA. In conclusion, microtiter plate detection of HHV-8 PCR amplimers is as sensitive and specific as Southern blot with much faster turnaround time at comparable cost, and utilizes common laboratory equipment. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dollard, SC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD MAR PY 2003 VL 108 IS 2 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(02)00285-9 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 654KR UT WOS:000181496500006 PM 12609686 ER PT J AU Kilmarx, PH Paxton, L AF Kilmarx, PH Paxton, L TI Need for a true placebo for vaginal microbicide efficacy trials SO LANCET LA English DT Letter C1 BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), BOTUSA Project, POB 90, Gaborone, Botswana. NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 9359 BP 785 EP 786 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12645-1 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 649WY UT WOS:000181232000035 PM 12620765 ER PT J AU Pybus, OG Drummond, AJ Nakano, T Robertson, BH Rambaut, A AF Pybus, OG Drummond, AJ Nakano, T Robertson, BH Rambaut, A TI The epidemiology and iatrogenic transmission of hepatitis C virus in Egypt: A Bayesian coalescent approach SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C; Egypt; epidemiology; Bayesian inference ID POPULATION HISTORY; LIVER-DISEASE; DNA-SEQUENCES; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; RECOMBINATION; ALEXANDRIA; INFECTIONS; COMMUNITY; EVOLUTION; GENOTYPES AB Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of liver cancer and cirrhosis, and Egypt has possibly the highest HCV prevalence worldwide. In this article we use a newly developed Bayesian inference framework to estimate the transmission dynamics of HCV in Egypt from sampled viral gene sequences, and to predict the public health impact of the virus. Our results indicate that the effective number of HCV infections in Egypt underwent rapid exponential growth between 1930 and 1955. The timing and speed of this spread provides quantitative genetic evidence that the Egyptian HCV epidemic was initiated and propagated by extensive anti schistosomiasis injection campaigns. Although our results show that HCV transmission has since decreased, we conclude that HCV is likely to remain prevalent in Egypt for several decades. Our combined population genetic and epidemiological analysis provides detailed estimates of historical changes in Egyptian HCV prevalence. Because our results are consistent with a demographic scenario specified a priori, they also provide an objective test of inference methods based on the coalescent process. C1 Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pybus, OG (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, S Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. RI Drummond, Alexei/A-3209-2010; pybus, oliver/B-2640-2012; OI Drummond, Alexei/0000-0003-4454-2576; Pybus, Oliver/0000-0002-8797-2667; Rambaut, Andrew/0000-0003-4337-3707 NR 40 TC 157 Z9 159 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 20 IS 3 BP 381 EP 387 DI 10.1093/molbev/msg043 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 661WY UT WOS:000181913900008 PM 12644558 ER PT J AU Bowyer, JF Harris, A Jakab, R Delongchamp, R Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Bowyer, JF Harris, A Jakab, R Delongchamp, R Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP TI cDNA array analysis of the changes in gene expression specifically produced by neurotoxic doses of amphetamine: Not quite mission impossible SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 20th International Neurotoxicology Conference on Emerging Issues in Neurotoxicology CY NOV 18-21, 2002 CL LITTLE ROCK, ARKANSAS C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Genet Testing, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 MA 11 BP 289 EP 290 PG 2 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 654RZ UT WOS:000181511000022 ER PT J AU Duerr, A Heilig, CM Meikle, SF Cu-Uvin, S Klein, RS Rompalo, A Sobel, JD AF Duerr, A Heilig, CM Meikle, SF Cu-Uvin, S Klein, RS Rompalo, A Sobel, JD CA HER Study Grp TI Incident and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: Risk factors and severity SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HIV-SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; VAGINAL CANDIDIASIS; VULVO-VAGINITIS; COLONIZATION AB OBJECTIVE: To examine risk factors for vulvovaginal candidiasis among women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. METHODS: Data were from 856 HIV-infected women and 421 at-risk uninfected women observed semiannually at four study sites from April 1993 through February 1999. At enrollment women were 15-55 years old and had no acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining conditions. Three definitions for vulvovaginal candidiasis of differing severity were constructed using data from vaginal Candida culture and Gram stains scored for yeast and three signs on pelvic examination (vulvovaginal edema, erythema, or discharge): 1) culture or Gram stain positivity plus at least one clinical sign, 2) culture or Gram stain positivity plus at least two clinical signs, and 3) visible yeast on Gram stain plus at least one clinical sign. RESULTS: The prevalence and cumulative incidence of each definition of vulvovaginal candidiasis were greater among HIV-infected women than among women not infected with HIV (P < .01 for all comparisons). Stratified by status at the preceding visit, vulvovaginal candidiasis was most likely among women with prior vulvovaginal candidiasis, least likely among women without earlier Candida colonization, and intermediately likely among women with preceding subclinical Candida colonization. Among HIV-infected women, lower CD4 count and higher HIV viral load were associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Several other factors were independently associated with vulvovaginal candidiasis, with strong associations for diabetes mellitus and pregnancy in particular. Vulvovaginal candidiasis was not more severe among HIV-infected women. CONCLUSION: Vulvovaginal candidiasis occurred with higher incidence and greater persistence, but not greater severity, among HIV-infected women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, HIV Sect, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. RP Duerr, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, HIV Sect, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008 OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU 506831, U64/CCU 306802, U64/CCU 206798, U64/CCU 106975] NR 18 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 101 IS 3 BP 548 EP 556 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02729-1 PG 9 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 652BW UT WOS:000181360500022 PM 12636961 ER PT J AU Branum, AM Schoendorf, KC AF Branum, AM Schoendorf, KC TI The effect of birth weight discordance on twin neonatal mortality SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-RETARDATION; GESTATIONAL-AGE; UNITED-STATES; FETAL; PREGNANCIES; OUTCOMES; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between birth weight discordance and neonatal mortality controlling for the effects of fetal growth, and to understand the differences in the incidence of mortality between larger and smaller infants. METHODS: This analysis is based on the National Center for Health Statistics matched multiple birth data set file containing all twin births in the United States from 1995 through 1997. Birth weight discordance was grouped into four levels (15-19%, 20-24%, 25-29%, and 30% or more). Generalized estimating equations were used to obtain adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to estimate the mortality risk associated with discordance after adjusting for fetal growth. RESULTS: Mortality was 11 times higher among highly discordant smaller twins (30% or more) compared with nondiscordant smaller twins (43.4 and 3.8 per 1000, respectively). Risk estimates ranged from 1.08 (95% confidence interval 0.85, 1.38) among 15-19% discordant twins to 2.05 (95% confidence interval 1.66, 2.51) among 30% or more discordant twins. Larger twins had similar risk estimates. After accounting for the association between fetal growth and discordance, mortality risk was substantially higher among smaller and larger twins who were highly discordant (30% or more). In addition, there was little difference in the magnitude of risk estimates between highly discordant smaller and larger twins. CONCLUSION: After controlling for fetal growth, smaller and larger twins affected by higher levels of birth weight discordance (25% or more) remain at disproportionate risk for neonatal mortality when compared with other smaller or Larger twins. Additionally, smaller twins do not have an elevated risk compared with Larger twins after adjusting for their different fetal growth distributions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Branum, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 790, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 18 TC 67 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 101 IS 3 BP 570 EP 574 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)03119-8 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 652BW UT WOS:000181360500025 PM 12636964 ER PT J AU Khan, A Khan, AS AF Khan, A Khan, AS TI Hantaviruses: a tale of two hemispheres SO PANMINERVA MEDICA LA English DT Review DE hantavirus; hantavirus infections, epidemiology; hantavirus infections, diagnosis; hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome; hantavirus pulmonary syndrome ID TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; PULMONARY-SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; UNITED-STATES; DOBRAVA HANTAVIRUS; INTRAVENOUS RIBAVIRIN; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; DISEASE AB Infectious febrile nephropathies, initially described as epidemics during military campaigns in Europe and Asia at the turn of the 20th century, were eventually all unified under the rubric of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and ascribed to infection from rodent-borne hantaviruses. At the end of the century, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (UPS) was described throughout the Americas as a consequence of infection with the New World hantaviruses. The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of these diseases are linked to the ecology of their associated rodent hosts. Murine rodents (Old World mice and rats) are associated with the severe forms of HFRS in Asia and the Balkans due to Hantaan, Dobrava, and Seoul viruses. Hantaan virus causes an estimated 50-100,000 infections a year in China alone. Arvicoline rodents (voles) are associated with a mild form of HFRS in Europe called nephropathia epidemica due to Puumala virus. Sigmodontine rodents (New World rats and mice) are associated with approximately 200 HPS cases per year throughout the Americas caused by over a dozen viruses. The viruses are mainly transmitted as small-particle aerosols of rodent excreta, and the subsequent infections share cardiovascular shock as a prominent feature, although HFRS causes predominantly renal disease, while HPS causes a predominantly non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema - hemorrhage involvement varies in the syndromes on the basis of virus subtypes. Efforts are underway to refine prevention strategies, understand the pathogenesis of the shock, and identify therapeutic modalities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Khan, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A26,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 8 PU EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA PI TURIN PA CORSO BRAMANTE 83-85 INT JOURNALS DEPT., 10126 TURIN, ITALY SN 0031-0808 J9 PANMINERVA MED JI Panminerva Medica PD MAR PY 2003 VL 45 IS 1 BP 43 EP 51 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 682DZ UT WOS:000183077200005 PM 12682619 ER PT J AU Dube, SR Felitti, VJ Dong, M Chapman, DP Giles, WH Anda, RF AF Dube, SR Felitti, VJ Dong, M Chapman, DP Giles, WH Anda, RF TI Childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction and the risk of illicit drug use: The adverse childhood experiences study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE childhood abuse; domestic violence; drug use; substance abuse; parenteral drug use ID C VIRUS-INFECTION; SEXUAL ABUSE; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; PHYSICAL ABUSE; WOMEN; ADULT; PREVALENCE; CONSEQUENCES; BEHAVIORS AB Objective. Illicit drug use is identified in Healthy People 2010 as a leading health indicator because it is associated with multiple deleterious health outcomes, such as sexually transmitted diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, viral hepatitis, and numerous social problems among adolescents and adults. Improved understanding of the influence of stressful or traumatic childhood experiences on initiation and development of drug abuse is needed. Methods. We examined the relationship between illicit drug use and 10 categories of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and total number of ACEs (ACE score). A retrospective cohort study of 8613 adults who attended a primary care clinic in California completed a survey about childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction; illicit drug use; and other health-related issues. The main outcomes measured were self-reported use of illicit drugs, including initiation during 3 age categories: less than or equal to14 years, 15 to 18 years, or as an adult (greater than or equal to19 years); lifetime use for each of 4 birth cohorts dating back to 1900; drug use problems; drug addiction; and parenteral drug use. Results. Each ACE increased the likelihood for early initiation 2- to 4-fold. The ACE score had a strong graded relationship to initiation of drug use in all 3 age categories as well as to drug use problems, drug addiction, and parenteral drug use. Compared with people with 0 ACEs, people with greater than or equal to5 ACEs were 7- to 10-fold more likely to report illicit drug use problems, addiction to illicit drugs, and parenteral drug use. The attributable risk fractions as a result of ACEs for each of these illicit drug use problems were 56%, 64%, and 67%, respectively. For each of the 4 birth cohorts examined, the ACE score also had a strong graded relationship to lifetime drug use. Conclusions. The ACE score had a strong graded relationship to the risk of drug initiation from early adolescence into adulthood and to problems with drug use, drug addiction, and parenteral use. The persistent graded relationship between the ACE score and initiation of drug use for 4 successive birth cohorts dating back to 1900 suggests that the effects of adverse childhood experiences transcend secular changes such as increased availability of drugs, social attitudes toward drugs, and recent massive expenditures and public information campaigns to prevent drug use. Because ACEs seem to account for one half to two third of serious problems with drug use, progress in meeting the national goals for reducing drug use will necessitate serious attention to these types of common, stressful, and disturbing childhood experiences by pediatric practice. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Dube, SR (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy,NE,MS K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 65 TC 423 Z9 431 U1 5 U2 59 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 3 BP 564 EP 572 DI 10.1542/peds.111.3.564 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 650ZD UT WOS:000181294000035 PM 12612237 ER PT J AU Bauchner, H Besser, RE AF Bauchner, H Besser, RE TI Promoting the appropriate use of oral antibiotics: There is some very good news SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; RESISTANT STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; PNEUMOCOCCAL CONJUGATE VACCINE; RESPIRATORY-TRACT INFECTIONS; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; INTERVENTION TRIAL; RISK-FACTORS C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bauchner, H (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Matern Bldg,91 E Concord St, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM howard.bauchner@bmc.org NR 47 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD MAR PY 2003 VL 111 IS 3 BP 668 EP 670 DI 10.1542/peds.111.3.668 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 650ZD UT WOS:000181294000049 PM 12612251 ER PT J AU Burstein, GR Murray, PJ AF Burstein, GR Murray, PJ TI Diagnosis and management of sexually transmitted disease pathogens among adolescents SO PEDIATRICS IN REVIEW LA English DT Review AB Objectives: After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. List the possible clinical presentations and sequelae of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chiamydia trachomatis genital infections in males and females. 2. Describe the various types of licensed N gonorrhoeae and C trachomatis laboratory tests as well as their advantages and disadvantages. 3. List the Amsel criteria and available laboratory tests for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. 4. Describe the various treatments for vulvovaginal candidiasis. 5. Describe patient, partner, and practitioner barriers to implementing effective partner notification. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Burstein, GR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0191-9601 J9 PEDIATR REV JI Pediatr. Rev. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 24 IS 3 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1542/pir.24-3-75 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 746CZ UT WOS:000186730100001 PM 12612184 ER PT J AU Santelli, J Rochat, R Hatfield-Timajchy, K Gilbert, BC Curtis, K Cabral, R Hirsch, JS Schieve, L AF Santelli, J Rochat, R Hatfield-Timajchy, K Gilbert, BC Curtis, K Cabral, R Hirsch, JS Schieve, L CA Unintended Pregnancy Working Grp TI The measurement and meaning of unintended pregnancy SO PERSPECTIVES ON SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH LA English DT Review ID 1995 NATIONAL SURVEY; CONDOM USE; FAMILY GROWTH; REPRODUCTIVE INTENTIONS; PREDICT FERTILITY; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; PLANNING STATUS; UNITED-STATES; WOMEN; BEHAVIORS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Santelli, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Potter, Joseph/A-3122-2008; Rochat, Roger/J-9802-2012 NR 101 TC 268 Z9 280 U1 1 U2 24 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 1538-6341 J9 PERSPECT SEX REPRO H JI Perspect. Sex Reprod. Health PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 35 IS 2 BP 94 EP 101 DI 10.1111/j.1931-2393.2003.tb00111.x PG 8 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 667TU UT WOS:000182250000005 PM 12729139 ER PT J AU Klabunde, CN Frame, PS Meadow, A Jones, E Nadel, M Vernon, SW AF Klabunde, CN Frame, PS Meadow, A Jones, E Nadel, M Vernon, SW TI A national survey of primary care physicians' colorectal cancer screening recommendations and practices SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE colorectal cancer; screening; primary care; health services delivery ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY; HOSPITAL VOLUME; SURGEON VOLUME; PREVENTION; MORTALITY; POLYPECTOMY; COLONOSCOPY; GUIDELINES AB Background. National data on providers' colorectal cancer (CRC) screening knowledge, attitudes, and practices are sparse. This study assessed primary care physicians' (PCPs') beliefs about the effectiveness of CRC screening, their recommendations for screening, their perceptions of the influence of published guidelines on their CRC screening recommendations, and how they conduct CRC screening in their clinical practices. Methods. A questionnaire was administered to a nationally representative sample of practicing PCPs. Of 1718 eligible physicians, 1235 (72%) responded. Results. Only 2% of PCPs said they did not recommend CRC screening. Over 80% indicated that they most often recommend CRC screening with fecal occult blood testing and/or flexible sigmoidoscopy, although colonoscopy was perceived as the more effective screening modality. Nearly two-thirds of obstetrician/gynecologists and one-fourth of other practitioners reported conducting fecal occult blood testing exclusively by digital rectal exam. Only 29% of PCPs said they perform sigmoidoscopy. Estimated volumes of ordering, performing, or referring for CRC screening were low, and <20% reported that three-fourths or more of their older patients were up to date with CRC screening as recommended by the physician. Many PCPs reported recommending CRC screening at nonstandard starting ages or too-frequent intervals. Conclusions. Awareness of CRC screening among PCPs in the United States is high. However, knowledge gaps about the timing and frequency of screening and suboptimal screening delivery were evident. (C) 2003 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 NCI, Hlth Serv, Appl Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Econ Branch, Appl Res Program, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Family Med, Rochester, NY USA. Tri Cty Family Med, New York, NY USA. Ctr Medicare, Off Res Dev & Informat, Baltimore, MD USA. Medicaid Serv, Baltimore, MD USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Ctr Clin, Dept Diagnost Radiol, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Klabunde, CN (reprint author), NCI, Hlth Serv, Appl Res Program, Execut Plaza N Room 4005,6130 Execut Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-PC-85169]; PHS HHS [99FED06571] NR 52 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 36 IS 3 BP 352 EP 362 DI 10.1016/S0091-7435(02)00066-X PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 661RY UT WOS:000181904600011 PM 12634026 ER PT J AU Ndiaye, SM Madhavan, S Washington, ML Shui, I Tucker, J Rosenbluth, S Richards, T AF Ndiaye, SM Madhavan, S Washington, ML Shui, I Tucker, J Rosenbluth, S Richards, T TI The use of pharmacy immunization services in rural communities SO PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Pharmacies have been recommended as alternative sites for the delivery of immunization services, especially to medically underserved adults and children in inner cities and rural areas. Currently, 35 of 50 states in the USA have legalized the administration of vaccines by pharmacists on the basis of certain training requirements and specific protocols. Since the rote of pharmacists is expected to expand, it is important to assess the factors that would enable them to improve the delivery of immunization services and the acceptance of these services by communities. It is particularly important for pharmacists to have knowledge of community circumstances and be able to respond to community needs. This case study of a pharmacy immunization programme (PIP) in rural West Virginia assessed how well pharmacists were aware of community circumstances and which community factors affected the utilization of pharmacy-delivered immunizations. Our findings suggest that although pharmacists played important roles as facilitators, hosts and motivators in PIP, they overestimated the trust placed in them by community members. The convenient locations of pharmacies and the convenient times when they offered immunization services were found to be the determining factors of mothers' decisions to take their children to these places for their vaccinations. The study concludes that as the use of pharmacies as sources of immunization is expected to continue to expand, pharmacists should take these factors into consideration when they decide to offer immunizations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. W Virginia Univ, Sch Pharm, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NYU, Sch Med, New York, NY 10016 USA. Florida A&M Univ, Coll Pharm & Pharmaceut Sci, Tallahassee, FL 32307 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Managed Care Pharm, Pharm D, Detroit, MI USA. RP Ndiaye, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, E-52,NIP CDC,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0033-3506 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH JI Public Health PD MAR PY 2003 VL 117 IS 2 BP 88 EP 97 DI 10.1016/S0033-3506(02)00022-7 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 661XD UT WOS:000181914400004 PM 12802974 ER PT J AU Treadwell, TA Koo, D Kuker, K Khan, AS AF Treadwell, TA Koo, D Kuker, K Khan, AS TI Epidemiologic clues to bioterrorism SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; OUTBREAK; PERSPECTIVE AB Public health investigators have successfully carried out epidemiologic investigations of outbreaks of disease for many years. By far the majority of these outbreaks have occurred naturally. With the recent illnesses resulting from deliberate dissemination of B. anthracis on an unsuspecting population, public health investigation of diseases must now include consideration of bioterrorism as a potential cause of outbreaks of disease. The features of naturally occurring outbreaks have a certain amount of predictability in terms of consistency with previous occurrences, or at least biological plausibility. However, with a deliberately introduced outbreak or infection among a population, this predictability is minimized. In this paper, the authors propose some epidemiologic clues that highlight features of outbreaks that may be suggestive of bioterrorism. They also describe briefly the general process of involvement of agencies at various levels of government, public health and non-public health, depending on the extent of an outbreak or level of suspicion. I would rather live in a world where my life is surrounded by mystery than live in a world so small that my mind could comprehend it. Harry Emerson Fosdick. C1 CDCP, CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fed Bur Invest Acad, Washington, DC USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Treadwell, TA (reprint author), CDCP, CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS C-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 118 IS 2 BP 92 EP 98 DI 10.1093/phr/118.2.92 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AG UT WOS:000187280100002 PM 12690063 ER PT J AU Dilraj, A Strait-Jones, J Nagao, M Cui, K Terrell-Perica, S Effler, PV AF Dilraj, A Strait-Jones, J Nagao, M Cui, K Terrell-Perica, S Effler, PV TI A statewide hepatitis B vaccination program for school children in Hawaii: Vaccination series completion and participation rates over consecutive school years SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ASIAN-PACIFIC ISLANDERS; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; UNIVERSAL; RISK AB Objectives. The authors assessed a statewide school-based Hepatitis B (HepB) vaccination program for preadolescents in Hawaii over three consecutive school years. Factors assessed included number of schools and students participating and number of students receiving three doses of hepatitis B vaccine. Methods. Records of the program, which targeted 4th and/or 5th graders in public and private schools, were reviewed for the period from 1996 to 1999. Results. The proportion of participating schools increased from 76% of all schools in the state in School Year 1 to 94% in School Year 3. The proportion of children with completed consent forms who received three doses of HepB vaccine at school exceeded 80% throughout the project. In School Year 1, 10,003 (70%) of 14,333 children enrolled at participating schools received three vaccine doses in school; however, this proportion declined over subsequent school years to 51% (7,722/15,013) in School Year 2 and 24% (7,344/30,429) in School Year 3. A survey of 477 parents not consenting to school vaccination indicated that 84% of their children completed the vaccine series at a private provider office. Conclusions. Statewide school-based HepB vaccination campaigns for at-risk populations can result in a majority of children in targeted age groups receiving three doses of hepatitis B vaccine, though declining participation may be observed as uptake in the private sector increases. C1 Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. MRC, HIV Prevent & Vaccine Res Unit, Congella, South Africa. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Effler, PV (reprint author), Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, 1250 Punchbowl St,4th Fl, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 118 IS 2 BP 127 EP 133 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50227-3 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AG UT WOS:000187280100005 PM 12690066 ER PT J AU Smith, PJ Schwartz, B Mokdad, A Bloch, AB McCauley, M Murphy, TV AF Smith, PJ Schwartz, B Mokdad, A Bloch, AB McCauley, M Murphy, TV TI The first oral rotavirus vaccine, 1998-1999: Estimates of uptake from the National Immunization Survey SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; INTUSSUSCEPTION; INFANTS; DIARRHEA; PROGRAM AB Objective. On August 31, 1998, the rhesus-human reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RRV-TV) was licensed for use in the U.S. During the next nine months, 15 cases of intussusception were reported among infants who received the vaccine. Case-control and cohort studies showed a significantly increased risk of developing intussusception within one week of receiving the vaccine; subsequent ecologic studies did not. In this study, the authors used data on RRV-TV vaccination rates from the National Immunization Survey (NIS) to estimate state and national RRV-TV uptake rates and factors associated with receiving RRV-TV. These estimates are a key component in evaluating published ecologic studies designed to investigate the relationship between receipt of the vaccine and intussusception. Methods. The authors analyzed NIS data for children ages 19 to 35 months who were eligible to receive RRV-TV between September 1998 and July 1999. The authors estimated vaccine coverage and the number of doses administered by state, NIS sampling quarter, and birth cohort, and analyzed demographic and socioeconomic variables to evaluate their relationship with receiving RRV-TV. Results. It was estimated that approximately 1 million doses of RRV-TV were administered to 504,585 (+/-61,854) children, 13.4% (+/-1.6%) of children who were eligible. The estimated number of doses administered and the vaccination coverage rate varied greatly from state to state. Children living in households with higher socioeconomic conditions were more likely to receive the vaccine. Conclusion. Ecologic studies had a limited ability to detect a significant increase in the population incidence rate of intussusception that could be attributed to RRV-TV because populations in these studies consisted primarily of children who did not receive the vaccine. The example from RRV-TV demonstrates some of the challenges of assessing the magnitude of the association between a vaccine and an uncommon or rare adverse event. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, PJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-62,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 118 IS 2 BP 134 EP 143 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50228-5 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AG UT WOS:000187280100006 PM 12690067 ER PT J AU San Gabriel, P Saiman, L Kaye, K Silin, M Onorato, I Schulte, J AF San Gabriel, P Saiman, L Kaye, K Silin, M Onorato, I Schulte, J TI Completeness of pediatric TB reporting in New York City SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID TUBERCULOSIS SURVEILLANCE; NOTIFICATION RATES; UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; AIDS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COUNTY AB Objectives. Accurate surveillance of tuberculosis (TB) in children is critical because such cases represent recent transmission, but surveillance is difficult as only 10% to 50% of cases are culture-confirmed. Hospital-based sources were used to develop alternative surveillance to assess completeness of reporting for pediatric TB in northern Manhattan and Harlem from 1993 through 1995. Methods. Alternative surveillance sources included ICD-9-CM hospital discharge codes for active TB and gastric aspirate reports. Cases identified by alternative surveillance were compared with cases previously reported to the New York City Department of Health (NYC DOH). Results. Alternative surveillance detected 25 cases of possible pediatric TB, of which four (16%) had never been reported to the NYC DOH and three (12%) had been reported as suspect cases, but had not fulfilled the criteria for a reportable case of pediatric TB. Of these seven newly counted cases, three were detected by ICD-9-CM codes, three by a gastric aspirate log book, and one by both. In contrast, 13 other cases had been reported to the NYC DOH, but were undetected by our alternative surveillance; eight of these could be verified with available medical records. Thus, the demographic and clinical characteristics of the 25 detected and the eight undetected cases with available medical records were evaluated in this study. Conclusions. Alternative surveillance proved effective, was complementary to the NYC DOH surveillance efforts, and increased the number of pediatric TB cases identified during the study period by 21%. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10032 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Bur Med & Profess Educ & Training, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, TB Control Program, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP San Gabriel, P (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, 630 W 168th St,PH4W-472, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 46 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD MAR-APR PY 2003 VL 118 IS 2 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1093/phr/118.2.144 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AG UT WOS:000187280100007 PM 12690068 ER PT J AU Kraut-Becher, JR Aral, SO AF Kraut-Becher, JR Aral, SO TI Gap length: An important factor in sexually transmitted disease transmission SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONCURRENT PARTNERSHIPS; ADOLESCENT FEMALES; MIXING PATTERNS; UNITED-STATES; SEX PARTNERS; SPREAD; HIV; EPIDEMIOLOGY; NETWORKS; DYNAMICS AB Background: Sexually transmitted disease (STD) transmission may occur if the time between dissolution and formation of sex partnerships, the gap, is shorter than mean duration of infectivity of STDs. Goal: The goal was to examine gaps reported by a nationally representative sample of reproductive-age women. Study Design: Data on women's sex partnership dynamics were collected from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). Gap was defined as the time between first sex with current/most recent partner and last sex with previous partner. Results: One third of women reported negative gaps (concurrent partnerships). Among the women who reported positive gaps (serial monogamy), more than half switched partners in time periods shorter than the mean infectivity periods of some bacterial STDs. Adolescents and women with past STD diagnoses reported shorter gaps than any other group. Conclusion: Given that many STDs are often asymptomatic, short gaps may present a problem if women and their partners are not routinely screened for STDs. C1 No Illinois Univ, Sch Allied Hlth Profess, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kraut-Becher, JR (reprint author), No Illinois Univ, Sch Allied Hlth Profess, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. NR 23 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 30 IS 3 BP 221 EP 225 DI 10.1097/00007435-200303000-00009 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 653DB UT WOS:000181419000009 PM 12616140 ER PT J AU Bicego, G Rutstein, S Johnson, K AF Bicego, G Rutstein, S Johnson, K TI Dimensions of the emerging orphan crisis in sub-Saharan Africa SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE AIDS; HIV; orphans; mortality; education; children; sub-Saharan Africa ID FAMILY AB This study uses recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data to examine levels, trends, and differentials in orphan prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. The first part of the analysis presents direct estimates of orphan prevalence in 17 countries during the period 1995-2000. We find a strong correlation between orphanhood prevalence and national adult HIV prevalence estimates lending support to the interpretation of the orphan crisis as, in large part, AIDS-related. The second part of the analysis consists of an in-depth study of trends and age-patterns in orphan prevalence and welfare in the 1990s for five countries that have had widely divergent HIV prevalence levels (Zimbabwe, Kenya, Tanzania, Ghana, and Niger). The vulnerability of orphans with respect to their situation in households and educational opportunities is evaluated in relation to non-orphans' experience. The results of the analysis indicate that losing one or both parents is significantly associated with diminished chances of being at the appropriate grade level for age. Our results are interpreted in the context of societal responses to the crisis, and potential recommendations for intervention. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bicego, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 154 Z9 156 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 56 IS 6 BP 1235 EP 1247 AR PII S0277-9536(02)00125-9 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00125-9 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 655FH UT WOS:000181540300008 PM 12600361 ER PT J AU Maher, JE Peterman, TA Osewe, PL Odusanya, S Scerba, JR AF Maher, JE Peterman, TA Osewe, PL Odusanya, S Scerba, JR TI Evaluation of a community-based organization's intervention to reduce the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases: A randomized, controlled trial SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE counseling; human immunodeficiency virus infections; prevention and control; randomized controlled trial; sexually transmitted diseases ID HIV; RISK; STD; INFECTIONS; CLINICS AB Background: The study objectives were to determine whether a community-based organization's intensive counseling intervention would reduce sexually transmitted disease (STD) acquisition among high-risk STD clinic patients and to determine whether a low-cost trial could be conducted in a community-based setting with passive follow-up. Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to routine counseling or intensive counseling consisting of three I-hour sessions. We reviewed clinic records to determine I-year cumulative incidence of STD. Results: From September 1994 through December 1995, we enrolled 581 high-risk black men. Among the intervention group, 38% did not attend any intervention session; 38% attended all three. The 1-year cumulative incidence of STD did not differ significantly between the intervention (16%) and control groups (12%) (P = 0.20). Conclusion: Our results suggest that the intensive counseling did not reduce STD acquisition. We encountered problems in conducting this low-cost trial, making results difficult to interpret. Future trials should schedule follow-up STD assessments and will likely need more staff. C1 Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Program Design & Evaluat Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Prevent Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Lock Towns Community Mental Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off,Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div HIV AID Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Maher, JE (reprint author), Multnomah Cty Hlth Dept, Program Design & Evaluat Serv, 800 NE Oregon St,Suite 550, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM julie.e.maher@state.or.us NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 96 IS 3 BP 248 EP 253 DI 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000054605.31081.07 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 658LU UT WOS:000181723100008 PM 12661534 ER PT J AU Flint, MS Morgan, JB Shreve, SN Tinkle, SS AF Flint, MS Morgan, JB Shreve, SN Tinkle, SS TI Restraint stress and corticotropin releasing hormone modulation of murine cutaneous POMC mRNA SO STRESS-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE BIOLOGY OF STRESS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Stress CY SEP 12-15, 2002 CL EDINBURGH, SCOTLAND DE allergic contact dermatitis; CRH; HPA axis; skin; stress; POMC ID MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE; HUMAN SKIN; PROOPIOMELANOCORTIN; INDUCTION; ALPHA; PEPTIDES; MICE AB The skin is a unique immunological defense barrier that protects the organism from occupational and environmental exposures and provides a model system in which to evaluate the interaction of the central nervous system with the peripheral immune response. In the studies presented here, we tested mild, acute restraint stress activation of the cutaneous corticotropin releasing hormone-pro-opiomelanocortin (CRH-POMC) axis. We verified that 2 h restraint stress increased the serum concentration of corticosterone and a-melanocyte stimulating hormone. We report for the first time that CRH upregulates POMC mRNA expression in mouse skin in vitro. We also demonstrated, by RT-PCR, that 2,4 di-nitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) upregulates cutaneous POMC mRNA expression, the production of which is suppressed by restraint stress. These data confirm the presence and functionality of two hormones of the hypothalarno-pituitary axis in the skin and suggest that activation of the central hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis may over ride activation of the cutaneous CRH-POMC mechanism in the development of DNFB-stimulated allergic contact dermatitis. C1 NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Tinkle, SS (reprint author), NIOSH, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd Mailstop 3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. OI Flint, Melanie/0000-0001-5311-3023 NR 19 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1025-3890 J9 STRESS JI Stress PD MAR PY 2003 VL 6 IS 1 BP 59 EP 62 DI 10.1080/1025389031000088426 PG 4 WC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Endocrinology & Metabolism; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 708QU UT WOS:000184580400009 PM 12637208 ER PT J AU Hennessey, EM U'Ren, LW Savage, RE Kanitz, MH Lotz, WG Hanneman, WH AF Hennessey, EM U'Ren, LW Savage, RE Kanitz, MH Lotz, WG Hanneman, WH TI Biomarkers of human glioma cell exposure to electromagnetic fields. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 64 BP 13 EP 14 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500066 ER PT J AU Ingerman, L Dorsey, AS AF Ingerman, L Dorsey, AS TI ATSDR's acute minimal risk level for copper SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Syracuse Res Corp, Ctr Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 139 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500142 ER PT J AU Kuempel, ED Tran, L AF Kuempel, ED Tran, L TI Biomathematical models of exposure-dose-response to respirable quartz in Fischer 344 rats, cynomolgus monkeys, and humans. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Inst Occupat Med, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. NIOSH, CDC, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 211 BP 44 EP 44 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500214 ER PT J AU Castranova, V Zeidler, PC Calhoun, WJ Ameredes, BT Clark, MP Deye, G Baron, P Blake, T AF Castranova, V Zeidler, PC Calhoun, WJ Ameredes, BT Clark, MP Deye, G Baron, P Blake, T TI Cytotoxicity of size-selected manville code 100 (JM-100) glass fibers on human alveolar macrophages. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 218 BP 45 EP 45 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500221 ER PT J AU Meehan, P AF Meehan, P TI On-the-ground public health response to the WTC collapse: Lessons learned. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 284 BP 59 EP 59 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500287 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Fedan, J Millecchia, L Lewis, D Siegel, P AF Zhang, X Fedan, J Millecchia, L Lewis, D Siegel, P TI Dermal exposure to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) powder induces airway sensitization in an animal model. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 292 BP 60 EP 61 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500295 ER PT J AU Benkovic, SA Miller, DB AF Benkovic, SA Miller, DB TI Sensitive histological indicators of damage reveal treatment with supraphysiological levels of corticosterone and high dosages of kainic acid produce limited hippocampal damage in a strain of mice resistant to kainate neurotoxicity. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 355 BP 73 EP 73 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500358 ER PT J AU Sriram, K O'Callaghan, JP AF Sriram, K O'Callaghan, JP TI Genomic and proteomic profiling in a parkinsonian model of neurodegeneration. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 444 BP 91 EP 92 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500447 ER PT J AU Fleming, LE Backer, LC AF Fleming, LE Backer, LC TI An epidemiologic approach to the study of aerosolized brevetoxins during red tide events. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 560 BP 115 EP 115 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500563 ER PT J AU Anand, SS Vaidya, VS Murali, B Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM AF Anand, SS Vaidya, VS Murali, B Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM TI Hepatotoxicity of chloroform, allyl alcohol, and trichloroethylene ternary mixture is less than additive. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ Louisiana, Coll Pharm, Dept Toxicol, Monroe, LA USA. CDC, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 671 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500676 ER PT J AU Donnelly, K Castiglioni, E Ramos, K Mumtaz, M AF Donnelly, K Castiglioni, E Ramos, K Mumtaz, M TI Toxicity assessment of complex mixtures remains a goal. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 669 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500674 ER PT J AU Mumtaz, MM El-Masri, HA De Rosa, CT Moffett, DB Durkin, P Schoen, D Jonker, D Groten, JP van Zorge, JA AF Mumtaz, MM El-Masri, HA De Rosa, CT Moffett, DB Durkin, P Schoen, D Jonker, D Groten, JP van Zorge, JA TI Assessment of weight-of-evidence method using mixtures of benzene, lead, methyl mercury, and TCE. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 CDC, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. SERA Inc, Syracuse, NY USA. TNO, NL-3700 AJ Zeist, Netherlands. Minist Environm & Spatial Planning, The Hague, Netherlands. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 670 BP 138 EP 138 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500675 ER PT J AU Fisher, JW Lumpkin, M Boyd, J Mahle, D Bruckner, J El-Masri, H AF Fisher, JW Lumpkin, M Boyd, J Mahle, D Bruckner, J El-Masri, H TI PBPK modeling of the metabolic interactions of carbon tetrachloride and tetrachloroethylene in B6C3F1 mice. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ Georgia, Interdisciplinary Toxicol Program, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Operat Toxicol Branch, Dayton, OH USA. ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 882 BP 181 EP 181 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500888 ER PT J AU Johnson, EA O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB AF Johnson, EA O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB TI The role of the alpha(1) adrenergic receptor in the restraint-induced phosphorylation of STAT3. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 CDC, Chron Stress & Neurotoxicol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. CDC, Mol Neurotoxicol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 975 BP 201 EP 201 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518500981 ER PT J AU Luster, MI AF Luster, MI TI Evolution of the science of developmental immunotoxicity. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NIOSH, CDC, TMBB, HELD, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1091 BP 225 EP 225 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501097 ER PT J AU B'Hymer, C Butler, M Cheever, KL AF B'Hymer, C Butler, M Cheever, KL TI Urinary (2-methoxyethoxy)acetic acid: An effective gas chromatographic test method for quantification. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NIOSH, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1179 BP 242 EP 243 PG 2 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501184 ER PT J AU Cheever, KL Marlow, K Ruder, A Forrester, C Taylor, L Butler, M AF Cheever, KL Marlow, K Ruder, A Forrester, C Taylor, L Butler, M TI Analysis of urinary 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethylene (PERC) metabolites by HPLC electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) as potential exposure biomarkers. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1174 BP 242 EP 242 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501180 ER PT J AU Abadin, H Osier, M Faroon, O Smith, C De Rosa, C AF Abadin, H Osier, M Faroon, O Smith, C De Rosa, C TI ATSDR's intermediate-duration oral minimal risk level for cobalt. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. Syracuse Res Corp, Ctr Environm Sci, Syracuse, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1196 BP 246 EP 246 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501201 ER PT J AU Lynch, DW AF Lynch, DW TI Test results with eight chemicals in a drosophila-based developmental toxicity prescreen. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NIOSH, BHAB, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1202 BP 247 EP 247 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501207 ER PT J AU Toraason, M Lynch, DW DeBord, DG Singh, N Nemhauser, J AF Toraason, M Lynch, DW DeBord, DG Singh, N Nemhauser, J TI Assessment of DNA strand breaks in leukocytes of workers occupationally exposed to 1-bromopropane. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1215 BP 250 EP 250 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501220 ER PT J AU Kim, J Kim, S Johnson, VJ Sharma, RP AF Kim, J Kim, S Johnson, VJ Sharma, RP TI Effect of cadmium on p53 and mitogen-activated protein kinases in a murine macrophage cell line: Relation to apoptosis. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Chron Inflammatory & Immune Dis Team, Morgantown, WV USA. RI Johnson, Victor/A-7910-2009 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1308 BP 269 EP 269 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501315 ER PT J AU Murono, EP Derk, RC AF Murono, EP Derk, RC TI Effects of methoxychlor (M) or its active metabolite, 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl, 1, 1-trichloroethane (HPTE), on testosterone (T) formation by cultured neonatal (fetal) Leydig cells (LC). SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1327 BP 273 EP 273 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501334 ER PT J AU Gray, LE Barlow, NJ Furr, JR Brock, J Silva, MJ Barr, DB Ostby, JS AF Gray, LE Barlow, NJ Furr, JR Brock, J Silva, MJ Barr, DB Ostby, JS TI Transgenerational effects of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate in the male rat. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, RTD,EB, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CIIT, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1376 BP 283 EP 283 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501383 ER PT J AU Welsh, CJ Moffet, D El-Masri, H Fowler, D Moore, S AF Welsh, CJ Moffet, D El-Masri, H Fowler, D Moore, S TI Evaluation of PCB exposure routes in Anniston, Alabama: Assessments of fish consumption using PBPK modeling of PCB congeners in locally-caught fish. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1769 BP 364 EP 364 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501776 ER PT J AU Zareba, G Cernichiari, E Hojo, R Kai, J Mumtaz, M Jones, D Weiss, B Clarkson, T AF Zareba, G Cernichiari, E Hojo, R Kai, J Mumtaz, M Jones, D Weiss, B Clarkson, T TI Comparison of thimerosal and methyl mercury distribution in neonatal mice. SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 42nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 09-13, 2003 CL SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH SP Soc Toxicol C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, Rochester, NY USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 72 SU S MA 1955 BP 403 EP 403 PG 1 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 654WB UT WOS:000181518501962 ER PT J AU Talaat, M El-Oun, S Kandeel, A Abu-Rabei, W Bodenschatz, C Lohiniva, AL Hallaj, Z Mahoney, FJ AF Talaat, M El-Oun, S Kandeel, A Abu-Rabei, W Bodenschatz, C Lohiniva, AL Hallaj, Z Mahoney, FJ TI Overview of injection practices in two governorates in Egypt SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C; Egypt; injections; safety ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; THERAPEUTIC INJECTIONS; BLOOD-DONORS; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; PAKISTAN AB OBJECTIVE To describe the extent and characteristics of injection use and injection providers in Egypt, given that unsafe injections are associated with blood-borne pathogen transmission. METHODS Household surveys of a population-based sample of residents in the Nile Delta and in Upper Egypt; focus group discussions and in-depth interviews with community target groups, formal and informal medical providers. RESULTS Of 4197 persons interviewed, 26.2% reported receiving an injection in the past 3 months. Of these, 77% reported it was for therapeutic indications. The age-sex specific prevalence of injections was highest among children 0-2 years of age and among older adults. Women were more likely to report having an injection than men, particularly at the age above 20 years. Overall, respondents reported receiving on average 4.2 injections per year, indicating that up to 281 million injections are provided per year in Egypt. Injection administrators were public and private sector physicians, pharmacists, barbers, doctor assistants, housekeepers, relatives and friends. Injection prescribers were mostly private and public sector physicians. Of the 1101 respondents who received an injection in the past 3 months, 92 (8.4%) reported that the provider did not use a syringe taken from a closed sealed packet. CONCLUSION The frequency of therapeutic injection use is high in Egypt and may contribute to blood-borne pathogen transmission. The Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) is developing interventions targeted towards promotion of injection safety and reduction of injection overuse on community basis as part of a comprehensive strategy to prevent blood-borne pathogen transmission in Egypt. C1 Minist Hlth & Population, Cairo 11451, Egypt. WHO, Eastern Mediterranean Reg Off, Nasr City 7608, Egypt. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USN, Med Res Unit, Cairo, Egypt. RP Talaat, M (reprint author), Infect Control Unit, Namru 3,4 Latin Amer Str,Osiris Bldg,Apt 21, Garden City 11461, Egypt. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD MAR PY 2003 VL 8 IS 3 BP 234 EP 241 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.01015.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 654GH UT WOS:000181485500009 PM 12631314 ER PT J AU Ulloa, A Langevin, SA Mendez-Sanchez, JD Arredondo-Jimenez, JI Raetz, JL Powers, AM Villarreal-Trevino, C Gubler, DJ Komar, N AF Ulloa, A Langevin, SA Mendez-Sanchez, JD Arredondo-Jimenez, JI Raetz, JL Powers, AM Villarreal-Trevino, C Gubler, DJ Komar, N TI Serologic survey of domestic animals for zoonotic arbovirus infections in the Lacandon Forest region of Chiapas, Mexico SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE arbovirus; Lacandon forest; domestic animals ID VIRUS AB A serologic survey in domestic animals (birds and mammals) was conducted in four communities located in the Lacandon Forest region of northeastern Chiapas, Mexico, during June 29 to July 1, 2001, with the objective to identify zoonotic arboviruses circulating in this area. We collected 202 serum samples from healthy domestic chickens, geese, ducks, turkeys, horses and cattle. The samples were tested by plaque-reduction neutralization test for antibodies to selected mosquito-borne flaviviruses (family Flaviviridae), including St. Louis encephalitis (SLE), Rocio (ROC), Ilheus (II,H), Bussuquara (BSQ), and West Nile (WN) viruses, and selected alphaviruses (family Togaviridae), including Western equine encephalitis (WEE), Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses. Neutralizing antibodies to SLE virus were detected in two (8%) of 26 turkeys, 15 (23%) of 66 cattle, and three (60%) of five horses. Antibodies to VEE virus were detected in 29 (45%) of 65 cattle. Because some of these animals were as young as 2 months old, we demonstrated recent activity of these two viruses. Sub-typing of the VEE antibody responses indicated that the etiologic agents of these infections belonged to the IE variety of VEE, which has been reported from other regions of Chiapas. WN virus-neutralizing antibodies were detected in a single cattle specimen (PRNT90 = 1:80) that also circulated SLE virus-neutralizing antibodies (PRNT90 = 1:20), suggesting that WN virus may have been introduced into the region. We also detected weak neutralizing activity to BSQ virus in four cattle and a chicken specimen, suggesting the presence of this or a closely related virus in Mexico. There was no evidence for transmission of the other viruses (ROC, ILH, EEE, WEE) in the study area. C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Invest Paludismo, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico. RP Komar, N (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. EM nck6@cdc.gov NR 16 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 3 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1089/153036603765627406 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 802NI UT WOS:000220169800001 PM 12804375 ER PT J AU Premenko-Lanier, M Rota, PA Rhodes, G Verhoeven, D Barouch, DH Lerche, NW Letvin, NL Bellini, WJ McChesney, MB AF Premenko-Lanier, M Rota, PA Rhodes, G Verhoeven, D Barouch, DH Lerche, NW Letvin, NL Bellini, WJ McChesney, MB TI DNA vaccination of infants in the presence of maternal antibody: a measles model in the primate SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE measles virus; neonatal immunity; maternal antibody; DNA vaccine; cell-mediated immunity; neutralizing antibody ID CELLULAR-IMMUNE-RESPONSES; T-LYMPHOCYTE RESPONSES; B SURFACE-ANTIGEN; RHESUS MACAQUES; HUMORAL-IMMUNE; EARLY-LIFE; VIRUS; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINES; INFECTION AB To eradicate measles in developing nations a vaccine capable of being administered at birth may be necessary. We immunized newborn rhesus macaques with naked DNA encoding the measles virus hemagglutinin, fusion and nucleoprotein genes. Prior to vaccination we passively transferred measles immunoglobulin to mimic maternal antibody. In the presence or absence of measles immunoglobulin, 23 of 25 infant macaques had detectable cell mediated immunity and 16 had protective levels of neutralizing antibody. The co-administration of an IL-2/IgG plasmid augmented the vaccine, increasing cell mediated immunity in all infants and increasing the antibody response in infants vaccinated without immunoglobulin. We show for the first time that DNA vaccination can protect a newborn primate from the high-level viremia that correlates with severe measles, even in the presence of maternal antibody. Further, the addition of a molecular IL-2 adjuvant augments this DNA vaccine. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Div Viral Pathogenesis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McChesney, MB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Calif Natl Primate Res Ctr, Cty Rd 98, Davis, CA 95616 USA. OI Verhoeven, David/0000-0002-0766-4606 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR 00169]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 45827, AI 44481]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU 913348] NR 34 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD MAR 1 PY 2003 VL 307 IS 1 BP 67 EP 75 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00036-3 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 664FL UT WOS:000182051000007 PM 12667815 ER PT J AU Mohan, KVK Kulkarni, S Glass, RI Bai, ZS Atreya, CD AF Mohan, KVK Kulkarni, S Glass, RI Bai, ZS Atreya, CD TI A human vaccine strain of lamb rotavirus (Chinese) NSP4 gene: Complete nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analyses SO VIRUS GENES LA English DT Article DE enterotoxin; genotypes; homology; NS28; phylogeny ID NONSTRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEIN NSP4; GROUP-C ROTAVIRUSES; GROUP-A; ENDOPLASMIC-RETICULUM; MUTATIONS; PROTEIN; VIRUS; ENTEROTOXIN; DIARRHEA; VP4 AB A lamb strain of rotavirus has recently been licensed for use in China as a live vaccine to prevent rotavirus diarrhea in children. As rotavirus NSP4, especially the cytotoxic domain alone is considered to be associated with diarrhea, we sequenced gene segment 10, which encodes NSP4, of lamb rotavirus. Comparative analyses was performed to identify differences from human rotavirus strains, that might be associated with attenuation, and to ascertain whether the lamb rotavirus gene fits among the NSP4 of other sequenced rotavirus strains. Our comparative nucleotide sequence analysis suggests its close identity (91.17% homology) with that of group-A equine rotavirus (strain H123). Multiple alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence of lamb NSP4 with that of other group A rotaviruses demonstrated homology ranging from 63.42% with that of porcine YM strain to 93.71% with equine H123 strain of rotavirus. A group A-specific NSP4 monoclonal antibody recognized the glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of the protein from virus-infected lysates, suggesting a well-conserved group-specificity of the lamb NSP4. Phylogenetic analysis of the lamb rotavirus gene, with 60 other NSP4 gene sequences of human and animal rotavirus strains, demonstrated that the lamb rotavirus strain belongs to genotype A. Comparative analysis also revealed that although it is a vaccine strain, the NSP4 cytotoxic domain of lamb strain demonstrated an overall amino acid conservation similar to that of other strains, whose NSP4 alone causes diarrhea in animal models. These results taken together with our previous observations clearly reaffirm the idea that the attenuation phenotype of rotaviruses does not involve NSP4 cytotoxic domain, perhaps due to the suppression of NSP4 cytotoxic activity by other rotaviral proteins. C1 US FDA, Sect Viral Pathogenesis & Vaccine Adverse React, Lab Pediat & Resp Viral Dis, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lanzhou Inst Biol Prod, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu Province, Peoples R China. RP Atreya, CD (reprint author), US FDA, Sect Viral Pathogenesis & Vaccine Adverse React, Lab Pediat & Resp Viral Dis, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bldg 29A,Room 2C-11,HFM-460,NIH Campus,8800 Rockv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-8569 J9 VIRUS GENES JI Virus Genes PD MAR PY 2003 VL 26 IS 2 BP 185 EP 192 DI 10.1023/A:1023491514820 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Virology SC Genetics & Heredity; Virology GA 671JT UT WOS:000182462200009 PM 12803470 ER PT J AU Goldsmith, CS Whistler, T Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Daszak, P Wong, KT Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR AF Goldsmith, CS Whistler, T Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Rota, PA Bellini, WJ Daszak, P Wong, KT Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR TI Elucidation of Nipah virus morphogenesis and replication using ultrastructural and molecular approaches SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Nipah virus; electron microscopy; Paramyxoviridae; Henipavirus; in situ hybridization; replication complex; zoonotic; encephalitis; ultrastructure; immunogold labeling ID IN-SITU HYBRIDIZATION; VIRAL-RNA SYNTHESIS; INTRACELLULAR-LOCALIZATION; INSITU HYBRIDIZATION; INFECTED-CELLS; HENDRA-VIRUS; COMPLEX; PARAMYXOVIRUS; MORBILLIVIRUS; MEMBRANE AB Nipah virus, which was first recognized during an outbreak of encephalitis with high mortality in Peninsular Malaysia during 1998-1999, is most closely related to Hendra virus, another emergent paramyxovirus first recognized in Australia in 1994. We have studied the morphologic features of Nipah virus in infected Vero E6 cells and human brain by using standard and immunogold electron microscopy and ultrastructural in situ hybridization. Nipah virions are enveloped particles composed of a tangle of filamentous nucleocapsids and measured as large as 1900 nm in diameter. The nucleocapsids measured up to 1.67 mum in length and had the herringbone structure characteristic for paramyxoviruses. Cellular infection was associated with multinucleation, intracytoplasmic nucleocapsid inclusions (NCIs), and long cytoplasmic tubules. Previously undescribed for other members of the family Paramyxoviridae, infected cells also contained an inclusion formed of reticular structures. Ultrastructural ISH studies suggest these inclusions play an important role in the transcription process. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RP Goldsmith, CS (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G30,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cgoldsmith@cdc.gov RI Whistler, Toni/A-6709-2009; Wong, Kum Thong/B-2788-2010 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD MAR PY 2003 VL 92 IS 1 BP 89 EP 98 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00323-4 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 652GX UT WOS:000181372400010 PM 12606080 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MD AF Schwartz, MD TI Fever in the returning traveler, part one: A methodological approach to initial evaluation SO WILDERNESS & ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE fever; traveler; incubation; malaria; African tick bite fever; Mediterranean spotted fever; Queensland tick typhus; scrub typhus; epidemic typhus; murine typhus; Q fever; leptospirosis; yellow fever; dengue; dengue hemorrhagic fever; dengue shock syndrome; bubonic plague; typhoid fever; African trypanosomiasis; schistosomiasis; brucellosis; leishmaniasis; togavirus; flavivirus; viral hemorrhagic fever; Lassa; Ebola ID AFRICAN TRYPANOSOMIASIS; UNITED-STATES; DELAYED DIAGNOSIS; IMPORTED MALARIA; SCHISTOSOMIASIS AB The advent of modem commercial air travel ensures that a returning traveler could present to any emergency department or private physician's office in the United States bearing any infection from the farthest corner of the earth. Exotic illnesses in the returned traveler are of concern to the physician because they often strike an otherwise young and healthy segment of the population and may carry significant morbidity and mortality if not recognized early. The infrequency with which these diseases are encountered demands a systematic approach to history, a physical exam, and the construction of a differential diagnosis. Information about the geographic distribution, routes of transmission, and incubation periods of the pathogens allows a clinician to reduce the differential to a manageable number of the likeliest etiologies. This article, to be presented in 2 parts to run over 2 issues of Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, proposes an algorithm for use by the physician faced with a febrile returned traveler. The clinical features of specific diseases and their incubation periods are presented to support the assumptions on which an algorithm-centered approach is based. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Emergency Med, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Schwartz, MD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Emergency Med, Ctr Dis Control, 1600 Clifton Ave,MS E-28, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1080-6032 J9 WILD ENVIRON MED JI Wildern. Environ. Med. PD SPR PY 2003 VL 14 IS 1 BP 24 EP 32 DI 10.1580/1080-6032(2003)014[0024:FITRTP]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Sport Sciences GA 656ZJ UT WOS:000181640700005 PM 12659246 ER PT J AU Stantic-Pavlinic, M Xiao, LH Glaberman, S Lal, AA Orazen, T Rataj-Vergles, A Logar, J Berce, I AF Stantic-Pavlinic, M Xiao, LH Glaberman, S Lal, AA Orazen, T Rataj-Vergles, A Logar, J Berce, I TI Cryptosporidiosis associated with animal contacts SO WIENER KLINISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; transmission of cryptosporidiosis; source of infection; subgenotypes ID PARVUM AB Transmission of Cryptosporidium sp. within the general public was studied. We were looking for a possible risk of infection associated with animal contacts. Investigation of the animal contacts of affected individuals led to the formulation of the hypothesis that animals are a source of cryptosporidiosis. The research was done in the Region of Ljubljana, an area with 587,000 inhabitants during a period of three years. Stool specimens of 338 persons with acute enteric diseases were positive for Cryptosporidium sp. Diagnosis was done with an immunofluorescence test and modified Ziel-Neelsen staining. Processing of statistical data was done with the medical software application EPI INFO 6. According to our questionnaire, direct contact with animals occurred in 49 of the 338 cases of cryptosporidiosis, and was more frequently registered in males (Odds ratio = 1.96). Subgenotyping analysis revealed the presence of two subgenotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum bovine (GP(B) and GP(C)) in humans. These data indicate that genetic heterogeneity in C. parvum bovine genotype exists in a localized area and that farm animals can be a source of infection. C1 Inst Publ Hlth Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Inst Slovenia, Dept Microbiol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Vet, Dept Parasitol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Dept Parasitol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Inst Publ Hlth Nova Gorica, Lab Clin Microbiol, Nova Gorica, Slovenia. RP Stantic-Pavlinic, M (reprint author), Inst Publ Hlth Ljubljana, Zaloska 29, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. EM stantic@bigfoot.com RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 14 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0043-5325 J9 WIEN KLIN WOCHENSCHR JI Wien. Klin. Wochen. PD FEB 28 PY 2003 VL 115 IS 3-4 BP 125 EP 127 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 649CP UT WOS:000181189600012 PM 12674690 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, JL TI Occupational exposure to HIV in health care settings SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS; ZIDOVUDINE TREATMENT; VIRAL LOAD; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; TYPE-1; SEROCONVERSION; NEVIRAPINE AB While obtaining a peripheral venous blood sample from a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a 35-year-old phlebotomist is injured by a bloody 18-gauge needle attached to a syringe. The patient has been taking didanosine and stavudine for more than six months, but her quantitative plasma human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA titer and CD4 T-lymphocyte count have not been measured for many weeks. What is the appropriate postexposure treatment for the phlebotomist?. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop D14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 77 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 3 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD FEB 27 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 9 BP 826 EP 833 DI 10.1056/NEJMcp020892 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 648WE UT WOS:000181173300010 PM 12606738 ER PT J AU da Silva, AJ Caccio, S Williams, C Won, KY Nace, EK Whittier, C Pieniazek, NJ Eberhard, ML AF da Silva, AJ Caccio, S Williams, C Won, KY Nace, EK Whittier, C Pieniazek, NJ Eberhard, ML TI Molecular and morphologic characterization of a Cryptosporidium genotype identified in lemurs SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium sp.; lemurs; PCR; phylogenetic analysis; microscopy ID IMPENETRABLE NATIONAL-PARK; GORILLA-GORILLA-BERINGEI; BARCELONA-ZOO; PARVUM; OOCYSTS; TRANSMISSION; APICOMPLEXA; INFECTIONS; PARASITES; MAMMALS AB This study reports the molecular and morphologic characterization of a Cryptosporidium sp., identified in stools of captive lemurs Propithecus verreauxi coquereli. Stool samples were collected from seven animals (n = 7) presenting episodes of diarrhea. Bright-field light microscopy of stool smears stained with modified acid-fast technique revealed the presence of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in four of the stool samples analyzed. All microscopically positive samples were confirmed by PCR using primers designed to amplify DNA fragments from two independent loci, i.e. the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene and the small subunit ribosomal RNA (ssrRNA) gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the full-length ssrRNA gene placed this isolate within a clade that contains all currently known C parvum species/genotypes, closely related to the C parvum pig genotype. Comparison with partial ssrRNA sequences available in the GenBank(TM) revealed 100% sequence identity with the genotype previously identified in Canadian patients. This finding was confirmed further by comparison of the COWP gene partial sequences. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Parasitol Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Duke Univ, Ctr Primate, Durham, NC USA. N Carolina State Univ, Environm Med Consortium, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC USA. RP da Silva, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Whittier, Christopher /A-1563-2011; Caccio, Simone/K-9278-2015 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD FEB 27 PY 2003 VL 111 IS 4 BP 297 EP 307 AR PII S0304-4017(02)00384-9 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(02)00384-9 PG 11 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 645BK UT WOS:000180956200003 PM 12559709 ER PT J AU Shehan, DA LaLota, M Johnson, DF Celentano, DD Koblin, BA Thiede, H MacKellar, DA Secura, GS Behel, S Roberts, GW AF Shehan, DA LaLota, M Johnson, DF Celentano, DD Koblin, BA Thiede, H MacKellar, DA Secura, GS Behel, S Roberts, GW TI HIV/STD risks in young men who have sex with men who do not disclose their sexual orientation - Six U.S. cities, 1994-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 81-86, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN; HIV; INTERVENTIONS; PREVENTION C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shehan, DA (reprint author), Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr Dallas, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 8 BP 975 EP 977 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 648BK UT WOS:000181129800007 ER PT J AU Soeung, SC Sarath, S Morn, C Nareth, Y McFarland, J Perry, RT Nandy, R AF Soeung, SC Sarath, S Morn, C Nareth, Y McFarland, J Perry, RT Nandy, R TI Accelerated measles control - Cambodia, 1999-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 4-6, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Minist Hlth, Natl Immunizat Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. WHO, Reg Off Western Pacific, Manila, Philippines. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Soeung, SC (reprint author), Minist Hlth, Natl Immunizat Program, Phnom Penh, Cambodia. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 8 BP 977 EP 979 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 648BK UT WOS:000181129800008 ER PT J AU Muhammad, R Fernhoff, P Rasmussen, S Bowman, B Scanlon, K Grummer-Strawn, L Khan, LK Jefferds, M AF Muhammad, R Fernhoff, P Rasmussen, S Bowman, B Scanlon, K Grummer-Strawn, L Khan, LK Jefferds, M TI Neurologic impairment in children associated with maternal dietary deficiency of cobalamin - Georgia, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 61-64, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Muhammad, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 26 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 8 BP 979 EP 980 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 648BK UT WOS:000181129800009 ER PT J AU Liao, DP Duan, YK Whitsel, EA Zheng, ZJ Heiss, G Chinchilli, VM Lin, HM AF Liao, DP Duan, YK Whitsel, EA Zheng, ZJ Heiss, G Chinchilli, VM Lin, HM TI Air pollution and impaired cardiac autonomic control SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 43rd Annual Conference on Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology and Prevention CY MAR 05-08, 2003 CL MIAMI, FLORIDA SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Hershey, PA USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD FEB 25 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 7 MA 27 BP E7006 EP E7006 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 653GX UT WOS:000181427800067 ER PT J AU Reddy, V Balter, S Weiss, D Layton, M Kornstein, L Friberg, I Schechter, R Arnon, S Hung, MJ Bresnitz, E Pilot, K Matiuck, S Sobel, J Phillips, M AF Reddy, V Balter, S Weiss, D Layton, M Kornstein, L Friberg, I Schechter, R Arnon, S Hung, MJ Bresnitz, E Pilot, K Matiuck, S Sobel, J Phillips, M TI Infant botulism - New York City, 2001-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pgs 21-24, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PENNSYLVANIA; ADULT C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Communicable Dis, New York, NY 10007 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Publ Hlth Lab, New York, NY USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Infant Botulism Treatment & Prevent Program, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reddy, V (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Communicable Dis, New York, NY 10007 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 19 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 7 BP 834 EP 836 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 647BW UT WOS:000181072200009 ER PT J AU Middaugh, J Lynn, T Funk, B Jilly, B Maslanka, S McLaughlin, J AF Middaugh, J Lynn, T Funk, B Jilly, B Maslanka, S McLaughlin, J TI Outbreak of botulism type E associated with eating a beached whale - Western Alaska, July 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pgs 24-26, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID UNITED-STATES; TOXIN C1 Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Middaugh, J (reprint author), Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 19 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 7 BP 836 EP 838 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 647BW UT WOS:000181072200010 ER PT J AU Lawson, ML Macaluso, M Duerr, A Hortin, G Hammond, KR Blackwell, R Artz, L Bloom, A AF Lawson, ML Macaluso, M Duerr, A Hortin, G Hammond, KR Blackwell, R Artz, L Bloom, A TI Partner characteristics, intensity of the intercourse, and semen exposure during use of the female condom SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological markers; coitus; condoms; female; contraception behavior; prostate-specific antigen; semen; sex behavior; sexually transmitted diseases ID CONTRACEPTIVE EFFICACY; BREAKAGE; SLIPPAGE; FAILURE; RISK AB The objective of this study was to assess how characteristics of the intercourse and the couple relate to semen exposure during use of the female condom. From 1996 to 1998, 210 women in Birmingham, Alabama, were trained to use the female condom and follow study procedures during a group session and individually practiced inserting the device. The outcome was semen exposure as defined by comparing pre- and postcoital prostate-specific antigen levels in vaginal fluid. Women who had high income levels had lower rates of semen exposure (odds ratio (OR) = 0.3, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2, 0.7), while those in a relationship of less than 2 years were at greater risk (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.3, 4.1). Couples with a large disparity in vaginal fundus size and penis size were at increased risk of semen exposure (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 6.0). Engaging in very active intercourse also increased the risk (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.6). Thus, the protective effect of the female condom appears to be a function of user- and intercourse-specific characteristics. Future studies of male condom efficacy should focus on collecting detailed data about the users and characteristics of intercourse to predict failure accurately. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Lawson, ML (reprint author), Ctr Pediat Res, 855 W Brambleton Ave, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 13 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 4 BP 282 EP 288 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf211 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 646WB UT WOS:000181057800002 PM 12578797 ER PT J AU Macaluso, M Lawson, ML Hortin, G Duerr, A Hammond, KR Blackwell, R Bloom, A AF Macaluso, M Lawson, ML Hortin, G Duerr, A Hammond, KR Blackwell, R Bloom, A TI Efficacy of the female condom as a barrier to semen during intercourse SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE contraceptive devices; female; follow-up studies; safety; sexually transmitted diseases ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE; PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; CONTRACEPTIVE EFFICACY; FAILURE; WOMEN; RISK AB In 1996-1998, the authors measured prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in vaginal fluid to assess the frequency of female condom failure and to evaluate the association of self-reported failure with semen exposure. Women at low risk of sexually transmitted diseases (n = 210) were recruited in Birmingham, Alabama. They were trained to use the female condom, sample vaginal fluid before and after condom use, and complete forms to report problems during each use. Semen exposure was assessed by comparing pre- and postcoital PSA levels in vaginal fluid. A total of 175 women used 2,232 condoms. The rate of semen exposure ranged from 7% to 21% of condom uses, depending on the exposure criterion. Exposure was more likely (21-34%) and more intense (mean postcoital PSA, 24.7 ng/ml) if participants reported a mechanical problem versus other problems or no problems (exposure rate, 5-20% in both instances; mean postcoital PSA, 9 1 6 and 7.8 ng/ml, respectively). In logistic regression analyses for repeated measurements, user-reported problems accounted for less than 59% of the instances of semen exposure. The female condom prevented semen exposure in 79-93% of condom uses. Exposure was associated with user-reported problems but also occurred in their absence. Reported problems and semen exposure decreased with user experience. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 12 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 4 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf212 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 646WB UT WOS:000181057800003 PM 12578798 ER PT J AU Macaluso, M Lawson, ML Duerr, A Hortin, G AF Macaluso, M Lawson, ML Duerr, A Hortin, G TI Macaluso et al. respond to "condom effectiveness and prostate-specific antigen" SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FAILURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Ctr Pediat Res, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 4 BP 301 EP 302 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf214 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 646WB UT WOS:000181057800005 ER PT J AU Thorpe, LE Ouellet, LJ Hershow, R Bailey, SL Williams, IT Williamson, J Garfein, RS AF Thorpe, LE Ouellet, LJ Hershow, R Bailey, SL Williams, IT Williamson, J Garfein, RS TI Risk of hepatitis C virus among young adult injection drug users who share injection equipment - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID BEHAVIORS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Thorpe, LE (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Div Epidemiol, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 4 BP 376 EP 378 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 646WB UT WOS:000181057800014 ER PT J AU Franco-Paredas, C Guarner, J Mehrabi, D McCall, C del Rio, C AF Franco-Paredas, C Guarner, J Mehrabi, D McCall, C del Rio, C TI Clinical and pathological recognition of leprosy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Franco-Paredas, C (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 114 IS 3 BP 246 EP 247 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01480-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653YZ UT WOS:000181465800017 PM 12637144 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM Sniegoski, LT Satterfield, MB AF Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM Sniegoski, LT Satterfield, MB TI Development and evaluation of an isotope dilution LC/MS method for the determination of total homocysteine in human plasma SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK FACTOR; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; CLINICAL-APPLICATIONS; RAPID-DETERMINATION; SERUM AB Elevated plasma homocysteine has been identified as a strong and independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, and recently, it has been associated with the development of dementia in older adults. Selected ion-monitoring isotope-dilution LC/MS (electrospray) has been developed and evaluated as a reference method for the accurate determination of total homocysteine in human plasma. Homocysteine is quantitatively isolated from plasma via the use of anion-exchange resins and then detected and quantified in stabilized plasma extracts with selected ion-monitoring LC/MS. This method is shown to be highly comparable to LC/MS/MS determinations in terms of its analytical accuracy and precision, yet this alternative measurement approach does not necessitate the enhanced instrumentation or added expense required of tandem MS/MS determinations. LC/MS detection of homocysteine was linear (standard error of the estimate for the regression line was 0.0323) over 3 orders of magnitude, and the calculated limits of detection and quantification were 0.06/mumol/L(0.12 ng on column) and 0.6 mumol/L (1.2 ng on column), respectively. Independent calibration curves showed excellent linearity (r(2) greater than or equal to 0.996) between 0 and 25 mumol/L homocysteine over a 3-day period. The accuracy and precision of total homocysteine measurements for patient samples and quality control pools using LC/MS were compared to total homocysteine measurements using LC/MS/MS, GC/MS, FPIA, and LC-FD. LC/MS performed well in relation to the other homocysteine methods in terms of its capability to accurately quantify plasma homocysteine over the normal range (5-15 mumol/L). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 47 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 4 BP 775 EP 784 DI 10.1021/ac0204799 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 647CF UT WOS:000181073800011 PM 12622366 ER PT J AU Freburger, JK Callahan, LF Currey, SS Anderson, LA AF Freburger, JK Callahan, LF Currey, SS Anderson, LA TI Use of the trust in physician scale in patients with rheumatic disease: Psychometric properties and correlates of trust in the rheumatologist SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE patient trust; doctor-patient relationship; rheumatic disease; measurement ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; MANAGED CARE; MEDICAL-CARE; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; HEALTH-STATUS; ARTHRITIS; RELIABILITY; RESPONSIVENESS; QUESTIONNAIRE; SATISFACTION AB Objectives. To assess the psychometric properties of the Trust in Physician Scale and to identify variables associated with patients' trust in their rheumatologist. Methods. Analyses of self reported data from 713 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, or fibromyalgia. Study variables included the Trust in Physician Scale, a decision-making question, a medical skepticism measure, and demographic and health-related measures. Internal consistency and construct validity were assessed using correlational analyses and factor analysis. A regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with trust in the rheumatologist. Results. Internal consistency of the scale was high (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87). Scale items also loaded on a single factor. Construct validity was supported by inverse correlations between higher trust scores and both skepticism and independent decision making. Decreased trust was associated with older age, minority status, higher education, diagnosis of fibromyalgia or osteoarthritis, and poorer health. Conclusion. The Trust in Physician Scale is appropriate for patients with rheumatic disease. Several patient characteristics appear to be associated with lower trust in the rheumatologist. C1 Univ N Carolina, Cecil G Sheps Ctr HSR, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Freburger, JK (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Cecil G Sheps Ctr HSR, CB 7590,725 Airport Rd, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [5-P60-AR30701] NR 40 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 49 IS 1 BP 51 EP 58 DI 10.1002/art.10925 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 646LH UT WOS:000181036200008 PM 12579593 ER PT J AU Macera, CA Hootman, JM Sniezek, JE AF Macera, CA Hootman, JM Sniezek, JE TI Major public health benefits of physical activity SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Health Promotion and Disability Prevention for Individuals and Population with Rheumatic Disease CY SEP, 2001 CL ST LOUSIS, MISSOURI ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; UNITED-STATES; GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; EDUCATION-PROGRAM C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Macera, CA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 76 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 49 IS 1 BP 122 EP 128 DI 10.1002/art.10907 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 646LH UT WOS:000181036200018 PM 12579603 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Macera, CA Ham, SA Helmick, CG Sniezek, JE AF Hootman, JM Macera, CA Ham, SA Helmick, CG Sniezek, JE TI Physical activity levels among the general US adult population and in adults with and without arthritis SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Health Promotion and Disability Prevention for Individuals and Population with Rheumatic Disease CY SEP, 2001 CL ST LOUSIS, MISSOURI ID KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; OLDER ADULTS; EXERCISE; HEALTH; DISABILITY; FITNESS C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Arthritis Program Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. San Diego State Univ, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Arthritis Program Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 124 Z9 125 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 49 IS 1 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1002/art.10911 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 646LH UT WOS:000181036200019 PM 12579604 ER PT J AU Leder, K Sundararajan, V Weld, L Pandey, P Brown, G Torresi, J AF Leder, K Sundararajan, V Weld, L Pandey, P Brown, G Torresi, J CA GeoSentinel Surveillance Grp TI Respiratory tract infections in travelers: A review of the GeoSentinel surveillance network SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-PROBLEMS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; INFLUENZA-VIRUSES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EXPERIENCE; PASSENGERS; ILLNESS; FEVER AB Respiratory tract infections are common in travelers, and improving our knowledge of risk factors associated with specific types of respiratory infections should enable implementation of better preventive strategies. Data collected by the GeoSentinel surveillance network were analyzed, and the most significant predictors for developing specific categories of respiratory infections while abroad were age, sex, season of travel, trip duration, and reason for travel. In particular, influenza was associated with travel to the Northern Hemisphere during the period of December through February, travel involving visits to friends or relatives, and trip duration of >30 days. Lower respiratory tract infections were associated with male sex and increasing age. Knowledge of the respiratory tract infections that occur in specific groups of travelers allows for the development of targeted pretravel preventive strategies to high-risk groups. C1 Univ Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hosp, Victorian Infect Dis Serv, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hosp, Dept Med, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. Monash Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. CIWEC, Clin Travel Med Ctr, Kathmandu, Nepal. RP Leder, K (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hosp, Victorian Infect Dis Serv, Royal Parade, Parkville, Vic 3052, Australia. OI Sundararajan, Vijaya/0000-0001-9387-1865; Leder, Karin/0000-0003-1368-1039 NR 22 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1086/346155 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 642AE UT WOS:000180778700003 PM 12567296 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK Hageman, J McDougal, LK Mohammed, J Jarvis, WR Perl, TM Tenover, FC AF Fridkin, SK Hageman, J McDougal, LK Mohammed, J Jarvis, WR Perl, TM Tenover, FC CA Vancomycin Intermediate Staphyloco TI Epidemiological and microbiological characterization of infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin, United States, 1997-2001 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT; METHICILLIN; INTERMEDIATE; HOSPITALS; STRAINS; PATIENT; RISK AB Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility (SA-RVS; minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC], greater than or equal to4 mug/mL), including vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA; MIC, 8 mug/mL), are a new clinical and public health dilemma. Prospective surveillance and a nested case-control study of patients in the United States infected with SA-RVS was conduced from March 1999 through December 2000. Control patients were persons infected with oxacillin-resistant S. aureus (MIC of vancomycin, less than or equal to2 mug/mL). Among 19 case patients, 4 infections were due to VISA and 15 were due to non-VISA SA-RVS. Case patients with and those without VISA infection had similar clinical presentations and outcomes; the overall attributable mortality rate was 63%. Isolates recovered from case patients had heterogeneous pulsed-field gel electrophoresis banding patterns, regardless of the MIC of vancomycin. Neither dialysis nor chronic renal failure were predictive of case status compared with control status. Independent risk factors for being a case patient included antecedent vancomycin use and prior oxacillin-resistant S. aureus infection 2 or 3 months before the current infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Dept Hosp Epidemiol & Infect Control, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 213 Z9 225 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 429 EP 439 DI 10.1086/346207 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 642AE UT WOS:000180778700007 PM 12567300 ER PT J AU Levett, PN AF Levett, PN TI Usefulness of serologic analysis as a predictor of the infecting serovar in patients with severe leptospirosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the International-Leptospirosis-Society CY AUG 22-25, 1999 CL MARYSVILLE, AUSTRALIA SP Int Leptospirosis Soc ID WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; RISK-FACTORS; BARBADOS; THERAPY; NOV. AB The diagnosis of leptospirosis is often made using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), in which live antigens representing >20 serogroups undergo reaction with patient serum samples to detect agglutinating antibodies. Data derived from this assay are often used to infer the identity of the infecting leptospiral serovar or serogroup; however, paradoxical reactions and cross-reactions between serogroups are common. To evaluate the usefulness of this approach, data on culture-proven cases of leptospirosis that occurred in Barbados from January 1980 through December 1998 were reviewed. A total of 151 isolates of 4 serovars were identified. The sensitivity of MAT for the prediction of the infecting serovar was determined. Overall, the predominant serogroup at a titer of greater than or equal to100 correctly predicted 46.4% of all serovars isolated. If a titer of greater than or equal to800 was used as the cutoff, sensitivity decreased slightly to 44.4%. The overall specificity for all serogroups was 64.8%. Serologic analysis appeared to be of little value for the identification of the infecting serovar in individual cases of leptospirosis in humans. Presumptive serogroup reactivity data should be used only to gain a broad idea of the serogroups present at the population level. C1 Univ W Indies, Sch Clin Med & Res, Bridgetown, Barbados. Minist Hlth, Leptospira Lab, Bridgetown, Barbados. RP Levett, PN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Collaborating Ctr Leptospirosis Meningitis &, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, M-S G-34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 64 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 447 EP 452 DI 10.1086/346208 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 642AE UT WOS:000180778700009 PM 12567302 ER PT J AU Desai, MR Mei, JV Kariuki, SK Wannemuehler, KA Phillips-Howard, PA Nahlen, BL Kager, PA Vulule, JM ter Kuile, FO AF Desai, MR Mei, JV Kariuki, SK Wannemuehler, KA Phillips-Howard, PA Nahlen, BL Kager, PA Vulule, JM ter Kuile, FO TI Randomized, controlled trial of daily iron supplementation and intermittent sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of mild childhood anemia in western Kenya SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hygiene ID BAY-COHORT-PROJECT; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; MALARIA INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; TRANSMISSION; AREA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEMOGLOBIN; MORTALITY; DISEASE AB A randomized, placebo-controlled treatment trial was conducted among 546 anemic (hemoglobin concentration, 7-11 g/dL) children aged 2-36 months in an area with intense malaria transmission in western Kenya. All children used bednets and received a single dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) on enrollment, followed by either intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) with SP at 4 and 8 weeks and daily iron for 12 weeks, daily iron and IPT with SP placebo, IPT and daily iron placebo, or daily iron placebo and IPT with SP placebo (double placebo). The mean hemoglobin concentration at 12 weeks, compared with that for the double-placebo group, was 1.14 g/dL (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82-1.47 g/dL) greater for the group, 0.79 g/dL (95% CI, 0.46-1.10 IPT + iron g/dL) greater for the iron group, and 0.17 g/dL (95% CI, -0.15-0.49 g/dL) greater for the IPT group. IPT reduced the incidence of malaria parasitemia and clinic visits, but iron did not. The combination of IPT and iron supplementation was most effective in the treatment of mild anemia. Although IPT prevented malaria, the hematological benefit it added to that of a single dose of SP and bednet use was modest. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Desai, MR (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 4 BP 658 EP 666 DI 10.1086/367986 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 643WJ UT WOS:000180884500016 PM 12599083 ER PT J AU Vinicor, F Bowman, B Engelgau, M AF Vinicor, F Bowman, B Engelgau, M TI Diabetes: prevention needed SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID MELLITUS; US C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vinicor, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat K10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 9357 BP 544 EP 544 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12561-5 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 646KD UT WOS:000181033400005 PM 12598137 ER PT J AU Crary, SM Towner, JS Honig, JE Shoemaker, TR Nichol, ST AF Crary, SM Towner, JS Honig, JE Shoemaker, TR Nichol, ST TI Analysis of the role of predicted RNA secondary structures in Ebola virus replication SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DEFECTIVE INTERFERING PARTICLES; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; TERMINAL COMPLEMENTARITY; MARBURG-VIRUS; TRANSCRIPTION; PROMOTERS; SEQUENCES; CLEAVAGE; GENE AB Thermodynamic modeling of Ebola viral RNA predicts the formation of RNA stem-loop structures at the 3' and 5' termini and panhandle structures between the termini of the genomic (or antigenomic) RNAs. Sequence analysis showed a high degree of identity among Ebola Zaire, Sudan, Reston, and Cote d'Ivoire subtype viruses in their 3' and 5' termini (18 nucleotides in length) and within a second region (internal by approximately 20 nucleotides). While base pairing of the two conserved regions could lead to the formation of the base of the putative stem-loop or panhandle structures, the intervening sequence variation altered the predictions for the rest of the structures. Using an in vivo minigenome replication system, we engineered mutations designed to disrupt potential base pairing in the viral RNA termini. Analysis of these variants by screening for enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter expression and by quantitation of minigenomic RNA levels demonstrated that the upper portions of the putative panhandle and 3' genomic structures can be destabilized without affecting virus replication. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Snichol@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 15 PY 2003 VL 306 IS 2 BP 210 EP 218 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00014-4 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 658TV UT WOS:000181737300003 PM 12642094 ER PT J AU Mitchell, JA Green, TD Bright, RA Ross, TM AF Mitchell, JA Green, TD Bright, RA Ross, TM TI Induction of heterosubtypic immunity to influenza A virus using a DNA vaccine expressing hemagglutinin-C3d fusion proteins SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE vaccination; B lymphocytes; antibodies ID FOLLICULAR DENDRITIC CELLS; T-CELLS; B-CELLS; A VIRUS; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; GERMINAL-CENTERS; ANTIGEN RECEPTOR; CLONES INVIVO; SCID MICE AB Cross-protection between different subtypes of influenza A virus has been attributed to heterosubtypic immunity (HSI). Although, HSI can occur in the absence of anti-HA or anti-NA antibodies, HSI seems to be mediated, in part, by cross-reactive antibodies. In this study, we examined the effects of a DNA vaccine expressing an influenza HA fused to three copies of murine C3d of complement (HA-mC3d(3)). HA-mC3d(3) elicited heterosubtypic immunity more efficiently than non-fused forms of HA and protected mice from lethal challenge of influenza with different subtypes. Plasmid encoding for various forms of HA were constructed from two influenza strains, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (H1N1) or A/Aichi/2/68-x31 (H3N2). Vaccinated mice were analyzed for enhancement of anti-HA titers, affinity maturation of antibody, hemagglutinin-inhibition activity, and altered cytokine profiles. The HA-mC3d(3)-DNA vaccinated mice were protected from heterologous influenza challenge, even though sera from these mice had no viral-neutralizing activity against heterologous virus. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ross, TM (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Brody Hlth Sci Bldg,Room 5N-96E,600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI49061] NR 52 TC 74 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD FEB 14 PY 2003 VL 21 IS 9-10 BP 902 EP 914 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00539-X DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00539-X PG 13 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 646WJ UT WOS:000181058700014 PM 12547601 ER PT J AU Skaggs, P Jennings, C Hunt, K McFadden, K Dworkin, MS Parker, MJ Linder, E Bisgard, KM Huhn, G AF Skaggs, P Jennings, C Hunt, K McFadden, K Dworkin, MS Parker, MJ Linder, E Bisgard, KM Huhn, G CA CDC TI Pertussis outbreak among adults at an oil refinery - Illinois, August-October 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 1-4, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Crawford Cty Hlth Dept, Robinson, IL 62454 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Marathon Ashland Petr Co, Finley, OH USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Skaggs, P (reprint author), Crawford Cty Hlth Dept, Robinson, IL 62454 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 12 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 6 BP 692 EP 693 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 643WP UT WOS:000180886000009 ER PT J AU Anderson, L Miller, S Greenblatt, J Steiner-Sichel, L Reddy, V Heffernan, R Cimini, D Balter, S Weiss, D Layton, M Agasan, A Backer, M Ebrahimzadeh, A Kacica, M Scott, C Chatterjee, N Smith, P Fuschino, M Bhat-Gregerson, M Forsyth, E Steingart, KR Pace, P Payne, M Johnson, M Massey, J Widdowson, MA Bresee, JS Glass, RI Parashar, U Monroe, S Beard, RS White, H Hadley, L Bulens, S AF Anderson, L Miller, S Greenblatt, J Steiner-Sichel, L Reddy, V Heffernan, R Cimini, D Balter, S Weiss, D Layton, M Agasan, A Backer, M Ebrahimzadeh, A Kacica, M Scott, C Chatterjee, N Smith, P Fuschino, M Bhat-Gregerson, M Forsyth, E Steingart, KR Pace, P Payne, M Johnson, M Massey, J Widdowson, MA Bresee, JS Glass, RI Parashar, U Monroe, S Beard, RS White, H Hadley, L Bulens, S CA CDC TI Norovirus activity - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 41-45, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES C1 New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Publ Hlth Lab, New York, NY 10007 USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Bur Communicable Dis, New York, NY 10007 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Bur Communicable Dis Control, Albany, NY 12237 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Clark Cty Hlth Dept, Washington, DC USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, L (reprint author), New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 12 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 6 BP 693 EP 696 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 643WP UT WOS:000180886000010 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Stroup, DF AF Thacker, SB Stroup, DF TI Revisiting the use of the electronic fetal monitor SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; HEART C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 8 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 9356 BP 445 EP 446 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12465-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 644CP UT WOS:000180900600003 PM 12583938 ER PT J AU Paoletti, MG Buscardo, E VanderJagt, DJ Pastuszyn, A Pizzoferrato, L Huang, YS Chuang, LT Millson, M Cerda, H Torres, F Glew, RH AF Paoletti, MG Buscardo, E VanderJagt, DJ Pastuszyn, A Pizzoferrato, L Huang, YS Chuang, LT Millson, M Cerda, H Torres, F Glew, RH TI Nutrient content of earthworms consumed by Ye'Kuana Amerindians of the Alto Orinoco of Venezuela SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE edible earthworms; Glossoscolecidae; arachidonic acid; calcium; Alto Orinoco; Ye'Kuana ID DERIVATIZATION; CHROMATOGRAPHY; FOOD AB For the Makiritare (Ye'Kuana) native people of the Alto Orinoco (Venezuela), earthworms (Anellida: Glossoscolecidae) are an important component of the diet. Two species in particular are widely consumed: 'kuru' (Andiorrhinus kuru n. sp.) and 'motto' (Andiorrhinus motto). We analysed eviscerated kuru body proper, and whole and smoked preparations of motto for their content of protein and amino acids, fatty acids and 20 minerals and trace elements. The samples contained large amounts of protein (64.5-72.9% of dry weight), essential amino acids, calcium and iron together with notable quantities of other important elements, indicating that these earthworms contain potentially useful quantities of many nutrients that are critical to the health of the humans who consume them. C1 Univ Padua, Dept Biol, I-35100 Padua, Italy. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ist Nazl Nutr, I-00178 Rome, Italy. Abbott Labs Inc, Ross Prod Div, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Simon Rodriguez Univ, Caracas 1041A, Venezuela. Fondo nacl Invest Agropecuarias Amazonas, Puerto Ayacucho, Venezuela. RP Paoletti, MG (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Biol, Via U Bassi,58-B, I-35100 Padua, Italy. EM paoletti@civ.bio.unipd.it RI Cerda, Hugo/C-7212-2012; OI Cerda, Hugo/0000-0001-9162-7025; Buscardo, Erika/0000-0003-4029-8465 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD FEB 7 PY 2003 VL 270 IS 1512 BP 249 EP 257 DI 10.1098/rspb.2002.2141 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 646YK UT WOS:000181064200004 PM 12614573 ER PT J AU Drociuk, D Carnesale, S Elliot, G Bell, LJ Gibson, JJ Wolf, L Briggs, D Jenkins, B Maillard, JM Huddle, M Virgin, F Braden, C Srikantiah, P Stoica, A Chiller, T AF Drociuk, D Carnesale, S Elliot, G Bell, LJ Gibson, JJ Wolf, L Briggs, D Jenkins, B Maillard, JM Huddle, M Virgin, F Braden, C Srikantiah, P Stoica, A Chiller, T CA CDC TI Outbreaks of Salmonella serotype enteritidis infection associated with eating shell eggs - United States, 1999-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1149-1152, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Drociuk, D (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. NR 1 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 5 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 5 BP 540 EP 541 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 642CV UT WOS:000180787500007 ER PT J AU Hollinger, FB Kirtava, A Oakley, M Soucie, M Evatt, B AF Hollinger, FB Kirtava, A Oakley, M Soucie, M Evatt, B CA CDC TI Blood safety monitoring among persons with bleeding disorders - United States, May 1998 June 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1152-1154, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID HEPATITIS-A; HEMOPHILIA C1 Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. CDC, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hollinger, FB (reprint author), Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 5 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 5 BP 541 EP 543 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 642CV UT WOS:000180787500008 ER PT J AU Knight, S Pelletier, A Peterson, E Walls, A Johnson, J Ryan, H AF Knight, S Pelletier, A Peterson, E Walls, A Johnson, J Ryan, H CA CDC TI Tobacco use among middle and high school students - New Hampshire, 1995-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 52, pg 7-9, 2003) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. CDC, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New Hampshire Dept Educ, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Knight, S (reprint author), New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD FEB 5 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 5 BP 543 EP 544 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 642CV UT WOS:000180787500009 ER PT J AU Schantz, PM Altintas, N AF Schantz, PM Altintas, N TI Preface - Foreword for special issue on echinococcosis: international cooperation and progress in research on echinococcosis and hydatid disease SO ACTA TROPICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ege Univ, Sch Med, Dept Parasitol, Izmir, Turkey. RP Schantz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-706X J9 ACTA TROP JI Acta Trop. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 85 IS 2 BP 103 EP 103 DI 10.1016/S0001-706X(02)00285-1 PG 1 WC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 652KX UT WOS:000181379300001 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Purcell, D Remien, RH Gomez, C AF O'Leary, A Purcell, D Remien, RH Gomez, C TI Childhood sexual abuse and sexual transmission risk behaviour among HIV-positive men who have sex with men SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID WHITE-AMERICAN-WOMEN; SENSATION SEEKING; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; NATIONAL SURVEY; AFRO-AMERICAN; BISEXUAL MEN; VICTIMIZATION; EXPERIENCES; PREVENTION; HISTORY AB Previous studies have indicated an association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual risk behaviour among women and among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, no studies to date have tested the hypothesis that a history of CSA predicts sexual behaviour carrying risk of transmission of HIV to others, i.e. in a known HIV-positive cohort. The present study tested this hypothesis among a sample of 456 HIV-positive MSM recruited from community venues in New York and San Francisco. CSA history was found to be significantly associated with past (in the last 90 days) unprotected anal sex acts, both insertive (33% versus 20%, p < 0.05) and receptive (43% versus 27%, p < 0.02), with partners of HIV-negative or unknown serostatus. Further, several potential mediators of this effect were tested, and three found to be predicted by CSA history. Each of these potential mediators was associated with sexual risk behaviour, but differentially: anxiety and hostility were significantly associated with insertive acts, while anxiety, hostility and suicidality were associated with receptive acts. Mediation analyses supported the hypothesis that these factors significantly (albeit partially) accounted for the association of CSA with receptive anal intercourse. Nonsignificant mediation effects were found for insertive sex, suggesting the operation of unmeasured mediating variables. These results highlight the importance of mental health services for individuals who have been sexually abused, both for personal and for public health benefit, and also indicate a need for further research into mediators of CSA effects on transmission-related behaviour. C1 CDCP, Beh Intervent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), CDCP, Beh Intervent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Purcell, David/0000-0001-8125-5168 FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH043520]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU913557, U62/CCU2133607, U62/CCU213605] NR 30 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 5 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD FEB PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1080/0954012021000039725 PG 10 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 638BQ UT WOS:000180549900002 PM 12655830 ER PT J AU Manopaiboon, C Bunnell, RE Kilmarx, PH Chaikummao, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Supawitkul, S St Louis, ME Mastro, TD AF Manopaiboon, C Bunnell, RE Kilmarx, PH Chaikummao, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Supawitkul, S St Louis, ME Mastro, TD TI Leaving sex work: barriers, facilitating factors and consequences for female sex workers in northern Thailand SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID 100-PERCENT CONDOM PROGRAM; AIDS EPIDEMIC; HIV; INFECTION; PROSTITUTION; DECLINE; IMPACT; MEN AB Factors facilitating or inhibiting women's ability to leave sex work are still poorly characterized, and little is known about women's lives after they leave the profession. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study about factors affecting women's ability to leave sex work and influencing their lives after leaving. We interviewed 42 current and former female sex workers (FSWs) drawn from a cohort study of 500 FSWs in northern Thailand. All but one of the participants had quit sex work at least once. The majority experienced one or more quit-re-entry-quit cycles. Women's ability and decisions to leave sex work were determined primarily by four factors: economic situation, relationship with a steady partner, attitudes towards sex work and HIV/AIDS experience. Economic concerns, ranging from survival needs to materialistic desires, had the strongest influence. Most women perceived their risk for HIV infection to be lower after leaving sex work, but three of the 17 HIV-infected women acquired infection after having left, presumably from their steady partners. Prevention efforts should guide women as they transition out of commercial sex work. Interventions aimed at assisting women wanting to leave sex work need to address the role of economic factors. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Thailand MOPHUS CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Prov Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Manopaiboon, C (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Thailand MOPHUS CDC Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. OI Kilmarx, Peter/0000-0001-6464-3345 NR 32 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD FEB PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 39 EP 52 DI 10.1080/012021000039743 PG 14 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 638BQ UT WOS:000180549900004 PM 12655832 ER PT J AU Halkitis, PN Parsons, JT Wolitski, RJ Remien, RH AF Halkitis, PN Parsons, JT Wolitski, RJ Remien, RH TI Characteristics of HIV antiretroviral treatments, access and adherence in an ethnically diverse sample of men who have sex with men SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PROTEASE INHIBITOR THERAPY; SELF-REPORTED ADHERENCE; VIRAL LOAD; MEDICATION ADHERENCE; INFECTED WOMEN; DISEASE; AIDS; POPULATION; DECISIONS AB Data regarding HIV antiretroviral treatment regimens, access to treatment and medical care, and adherence to medications were collected as part of the Seropositive Urban Men's Study, a formative study of HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Participants (N = 456) were recruited from AIDS service organizations, mainstream gay venues and public/commercial sex environments. The sample was 94% gay or bisexually-identified; 29% were African American, 24% Latino and 30% white. The majority (71%) indicated being on antiretroviral treatment, and most were taking a protease inhibitor/nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor combination. African American men in New York City were less likely to be on treatment. Among those on treatment (n = 322), 51% reported at least one day in which they had missed a dose of their medication and the mean number of days in which a dose was missed (in the past 30 days) was 1.72. Multivariate analyses indicated that avoidant coping, frequency of drinking alcohol and difficulty in communicating with sex partners about HIV were related to days of missed doses, suggesting the need or desire to escape from the reality of life with HIV as a potential explanation for poor adherence. C1 NYU, Dept Appl Psychol, New York, NY 10003 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Halkitis, PN (reprint author), NYU, Dept Appl Psychol, 239 Greene St,E Bldg 537G, New York, NY 10003 USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008; OI Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU NIMH NIH HHS [P30 MH043520]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU213605] NR 55 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 3 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD FEB PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 89 EP 102 DI 10.1080/095401221000039798 PG 14 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 638BQ UT WOS:000180549900009 PM 12655837 ER PT J AU Bingham, TA Harawa, NT Johnson, DF Secura, GM MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA AF Bingham, TA Harawa, NT Johnson, DF Secura, GM MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA TI The effect of partner characteristics on HIV infection among African American men who have sex with men in the young men's survey, Los Angeles, 1999-2000 SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BISEXUAL MEN; SAN-FRANCISCO; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; RISK BEHAVIORS; WHITE MEN; EPIDEMIC; GAY; SEROPREVALENCE; PREVALENCE; ADOLESCENTS AB Previous studies have documented disparities in HIV prevalence by race among men who have sex with men (MSM), even after adjusting for traditional risk factors. In this analysis of data collected for the 1999-2000 Los Angeles Young Men's Survey, a cross-sectional venue-based survey of MSM aged 23-29, we investigated whether information on male sex-partner characteristics accounts for some of the racial/ethnic differences in HIV prevalence. In this sample of survey participants, we observed that African American MSM reported similar or lower levels of HIV risk behaviors compared with White MSM but much higher HIV prevalence (26% vs. 7.4%, respectively). In an unadjusted logistic regression model, African American participants had 4.4 times higher odds of HIV infection compared with White participants. In a multiple logistic regression model adjusting for participant behaviors, we observed elevation of the relative odds of HIV infection for African Americans compared with Whites (odds ratio [OR] = 6.9, 95% confidence limits [CL] = 2.5, 19). In a fully adjusted model, controlling for the effects of having older partners and more African American partners, we observed a 20% reduction in the relative odds of HIV for African American participants compared with White participants (OR = 5.5, 95% CL = 1.8, 17). Our findings suggest that differences in male partner types, namely older and African American partners, may account for some of the observed racial disparity in HIV infection, especially for African American MSM compared with White MSM in Los Angeles. C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, HIV Program Epidemiol, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bingham, TA (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Program Epidemiol, 600 S Commonwealth Ave,Suite 1920, Los Angeles, CA 90005 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU906253-11] NR 33 TC 132 Z9 133 U1 1 U2 7 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 SU A BP 39 EP 52 DI 10.1521/aeap.15.1.5.39.23613 PG 14 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 649PQ UT WOS:000181217500004 PM 12630598 ER PT J AU Perdue, T Hagan, H Thiede, H Valleroy, L AF Perdue, T Hagan, H Thiede, H Valleroy, L TI Depression and HIV risk behavior among Seattle-area injection drug users and young men who have sex with men SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID GAY MEN; BISEXUAL MEN; PREVENTION; COMMUNITY; SYMPTOMS; STATES; COHORT; SAMPLE; SCALE AB Psychological depression Has been identified as a condition that may influence HIV risk behavior among injection drug users (IDUs) and men who have sex with men (MSM). In two Seattle studies, 1,228 IDUs and 429 young MSM completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D); the relationship between depression and injection and sexual risk behavior was assessed using logistic regression analysis. Forty-seven percent of IDUs had CES-D scores greater than or equal to 23; a high score was significantly related to injection with a syringe used by another IDU (adjusted odds ratio 1.4) but not other injection risk behavior. Among MSM, CES-D scores greater than or equal to 16 were related to reporting 3 or more sex partners in the last 6 months but not to other sexual risk behavior. This analysis suggests that psychological depression may influence certain HIV risk behavior in young MSM and IDUs, and that interventions addressing depression may be indicated. C1 Natl Dev & Res Inst, Ctr Drug Use & HIV Res, New York, NY 10010 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hagan, H (reprint author), Natl Dev & Res Inst, Ctr Drug Use & HIV Res, 71 W 23rd St,8th Floor, New York, NY 10010 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [1F31DA05680, 1R01DA08023]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU006260] NR 32 TC 92 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 4 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 15 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.1521/aeap.15.1.81.23842 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 648DH UT WOS:000181134200006 PM 12627745 ER PT J AU Amornkul, PN Hu, DJ Tansuphasawadikul, S Lee, S Eampokalap, B Likanonsakul, S Nelson, R Young, NL Hajjeh, RA Limpakarnjanarat, K Mastro, TD AF Amornkul, PN Hu, DJ Tansuphasawadikul, S Lee, S Eampokalap, B Likanonsakul, S Nelson, R Young, NL Hajjeh, RA Limpakarnjanarat, K Mastro, TD TI Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype and other factors associated with extrapulmonary cryptococcosis among patients in Thailand with AIDS SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMIC FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; HIV-INFECTION; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; CLINICAL PRESENTATION; PRIMARY PROPHYLAXIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PREVENT RELAPSE; FLUCONAZOLE; COUNTS AB Delineating factors associated with extrapulmonary cryptococcosis (EPC), a major disease burden among Thailand's AIDS patients, can clarify its pathogenesis and guide preventive interventions. From November 1993 through June 1996, enhanced surveillance of 2261 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients in a hospital near Bangkok showed EPC among 561 of 1553 AIDS patients (36.1%). Univariate analysis results were confirmed by multivariate analyses of data on 1259 patients. Logistic regression models identified factors significantly associated with EPC to be male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-2.9), age < 33 years (aOR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9), severe immunosuppression (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.6), not injecting drugs (aOR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.7-5.5), and infection with HIV-1 circulating from CRF01_AE (formerly subtype E) versus subtype B (aOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2-4.5). The association with CRF01_AE may result from undetermined markers of exposure or viral subtype effects on host immune responses. Better understanding of the epidemiology of EPC may reduce EPC incidence through targeted primary prevention and treatment. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Surveillance Sect, Global AIDS Program, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Bamrasnaradura Infect Dis Hosp, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Limpakarnjanarat, K (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, Surveillance Sect, Global AIDS Program, Thailand Minist Publ Hlth US CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2 BP 85 EP 90 DI 10.1089/088922203762688586 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 646RL UT WOS:000181048000001 PM 12639243 ER PT J AU Sun, SS Chumlea, WC Heymsfield, SB Lukaski, HC Schoeller, D Friedl, K Kuczmarski, RJ Flegal, KM Johnson, CL Hubbard, VS AF Sun, SS Chumlea, WC Heymsfield, SB Lukaski, HC Schoeller, D Friedl, K Kuczmarski, RJ Flegal, KM Johnson, CL Hubbard, VS TI Development of bioelectrical impedance analysis prediction equations for body composition with the use of a multicomponent model for use in epidemiologic surveys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE bioelectrical impedance analysis; prediction equations; total body water; fat-free mass; multicomponent model; epidemiologic surveys ID FAT-FREE MASS; CROSS-VALIDATION; WATER; AGE; CHILDREN; NUTRITION; HEALTH AB Background: Previous studies to develop and validate bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) equations to predict body composition were limited by small sample sizes, sex specificity, and reliance on reference methods that use a 2-component model. Objective: This study was designed to develop sex-specific BIA equations to predict total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) with the use of a multicomponent model for children and adults. Design: Data from 5 centers were pooled to create a sample of 1474 whites and 355 blacks aged 12-94 y. TBW was measured by dilution, and FFM was estimated with a multicomponent model based on densitometry, isotope dilution, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: The final race-combined TBW prediction equations included stature(2)/resistance and body weight (R-2 = 0.84 and 0.79 and root mean square errors of 3.8 and 2.6 L for males and females, respectively; CV: 8%) and tended to underpredict TBW in black males (2.0 L) and females (1.4 L) and to over-predict TBW in white males (0.5 L) and females (0.3 L). The race-combined FFM prediction equations contained the same independent variables (R-2 = 0.90 and 0.83 and root mean square errors of 3.9 and 2.9 kg for males and females, respectively; CV: approximate to6%) and tended to underpredict FFM in black males (2.1 kg) and females (1.6 kg) and to overpredict FFM in white males (0.4 kg) and females (0.3 kg). Conclusion: These equations have excellent precision and are recommended for use in epidemiologic studies to describe normal levels of body composition. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NIDDKD, Div Nutr Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Div Digest Dis & Nutr, Frederick, MD USA. Mil Med Res & Mat Command, Mil Operat Med Program, Frederick, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. ARS, USDA, Grand Forks Human Nutr Res Ctr, Grand Forks, ND USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY USA. Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth, Dayton, OH USA. RP Sun, SS (reprint author), Lifespan Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Community Hlth, 3171 Res Blvd, Kettering, OH 45420 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X; Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD 13404, HD 12252, HD 27063] NR 36 TC 283 Z9 294 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 331 EP 340 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 637LG UT WOS:000180512200010 PM 12540391 ER PT J AU Caplan, LS Mandelson, MT Anderson, LA AF Caplan, LS Mandelson, MT Anderson, LA TI Validity of self-reported mammography: Examining recall and covariates among older women in a health maintenance organization SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE data collection; mammography; neoplasms; recall; reliability; reproducibility of results; validity; women's health ID PAP SMEAR; ACCURACY; CANCER; POPULATION AB Self-reports of screening are frequently used in place of chart abstraction, particularly in outpatient settings, because they are generally less expensive and frequently provide the only information available. The authors expanded the literature on validation of self-reported mammography by including the validity of recall and by assessing covariates in a setting where women were examined more than once. In 1995, this study validated mammography use in a sample of 949 women aged 50-80 years who were members of a health maintenance organization with centralized automated records of mammographic examinations. The majority of women had had a mammogram within the previous 2 years according to self-reports and records, but self-reported rates exceeded record rates by 8.2%. Sensitivity was high (93.8%), whereas specificity was low (53.6%). The overall agreement between self-reports and records was 82.7%. The kappa value was 0.52, indicating fair agreement beyond chance. Modeling with logistic regression revealed that being a college graduate and having a first-degree relative with breast cancer were significantly associated with accurate recall. Comparison of actual time interval data revealed that disagreements consisted largely of women's underestimates of time since their last screening. These results add to knowledge about the validity of self-reported mammographic screening data in settings where women are screened more than once. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr Program, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Caplan, LS (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Prevent Res Ctr, 777 Cleveland Ave,Suite 410, Atlanta, GA 30315 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU415794-05] NR 16 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 3 BP 267 EP 272 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf202 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 641JF UT WOS:000180741100012 PM 12543627 ER PT J AU Venczel, L Brown, S Frumkin, H Simmonds-Diaz, J Deitchman, S Bell, BP AF Venczel, L Brown, S Frumkin, H Simmonds-Diaz, J Deitchman, S Bell, BP TI Prevalence of hepatitis A virus infection among sewage workers in Georgia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A; sewage workers; hepatitis A vaccine; seroprevalence ID WASTE-WATER WORKERS; A VIRUS; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; VACCINATION; RISK AB Background Wastewater (WW) workers could have opportunity for direct contact with raw sewage, which might contain hepatitis A virus (HAV). Methods A serologic survey of WW workers and a comparison population of roads and drainage workers (RD). Factors potentially associated with anti-HAV positivity were evaluated in univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Among the 365 WW workers, overall anti-HAV prevalence was 38%, similar to that (35%) of the 166 RD workers (P = 0.5). Prevalence varied by wastewater job type from 45% among the 164 field crew workers to 32% among the 201 treatment plant workers. In multivariate modeling, factors associated with anti-HAV positivity included age greater than or equal to40 years (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.6-3.7), black compared to other races (OR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.5-3.8), birth outside the United States (OR = 7.5; 95% CI = 3.0-18.6), a high school education or less (OR 2.1; 95% CI = 1.4-3.2) and work on the field crew compared to RD work (OR 1.6; 95% CI = 1.1-2.4). Conclusions These results are consistent with no or a small increased risk of hepatitis A among WW workers, and do not provide a clear mandate for hepatitis A vaccination of these workers. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 172 EP 178 DI 10.1002/aijm.10174 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 641DL UT WOS:000180729100008 PM 12541272 ER PT J AU Johnston, JM Landsittel, DP Nelson, NA Gardner, LI Wassell, JT AF Johnston, JM Landsittel, DP Nelson, NA Gardner, LI Wassell, JT TI Stressful psychosocial work environment increases risk for back pain among retail material handlers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE back pain; psychosocial factors; occupational stress; musculoskeletal injury; ergonomic exposure ID INJURY; DISORDERS; WORKPLACE; INDUSTRY AB Background Back pain is a major source of lost work time. Occupational physical activity only accounts for a fraction of low back pain; therefore, there is growing interest in investigating other possible causes of back pain including the psychosocial work environment. Methods Material handlers (N = 6,311) in 160 newly opened stores were interviewed at study entry and approximately 6 months later Factor analysis was used to reduce the 37 psychosocial questionnaire items to seven distinct factors. Results After adjusting for history of back problems and work-related lifting, risk of back pain was moderately increased among employees who reported high job intensity demands (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8), job dissatisfaction (OR = 1.7), and high job scheduling demands (OR = 1.6). Conclusions Modification of the psychosocial work environment for material handlers in large retail stores may help reduce back pain among employees. Published 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Epidemiol Data Ctr, GSPH, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Johnston, JM (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Epidemiol Data Ctr, GSPH, 127 Parran Hall,130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. NR 28 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 43 IS 2 BP 179 EP 187 DI 10.1002/ajim.10165 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 641DL UT WOS:000180729100009 PM 12541273 ER PT J AU Lieu, TA Massoudi, MR Miroshnik, IL O'Brien, MA Coltin, KL Rodewald, LE AF Lieu, TA Massoudi, MR Miroshnik, IL O'Brien, MA Coltin, KL Rodewald, LE TI Immunization status among children newly enrolled in a health plan: A new frontier for quality measurement? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article AB Background: The, National Scientific Panel on Immunization Measurement Standards recently recommended that the assessment population for the childhood immunization measure of the Health Plan Employer Data and Information, Set include 24-month-olds with 6 months of continuous enrollment in a health plan. The current inclusion criterion is 12 months of continuous enrollment. The new recommendation would expand the assessment population to include children with more recent enrollment. Objectives: To compare the immunization status of children enrolled in A large health plan between ages 12 and 17 months vs earlier in life and to describe the proportion of children enrolled between ages 12 and 17 months that could be fully immunized by 24 months. Methods: All children enrolled in a group-model HMO who turned 24 months old during a 12-month study were identified for a retrospective cohort study. A computerized immunization database was used to identify all vaccines administered to each child, and summary measures were created to describe immunization status at selected times. The full-text medical records of children who seemed to have no immunizations in the computerized database were reviewed. Results: Of the 3448 children in the study population, 3130 (91%) enrolled between birth and 11 months of age and 161 (5%) enrolled between 12 and 17 months of age. Whereas 87% of children who enrolled between birth and I I months of age were fully immunized at age 24 months, only 57% of those enrolled between 12 and 17 months of age were fully immunized at 24 months of age (risk difference, 30%; 95% confidence interval, 24%-36%; P < .001). Of the 161 children enrolled between 12 and 17 months of age, 68% had received all of the immunizations in the primary series. Only 6% of these 161 children would have been impossible or difficult to fully immunize by age 24 months using accelerated catch-up vaccination schedules. Conclusions: Children who enrolled in an HMO between 12 and 17 months of age were less likely than those who enrolled earlier in life to be fully immunized by age 24 months, but it would be feasible to bring almost all of them up to date by that age. including such children in immunization measures, either together with earl pier-enrol led children or as a separate stratum, would expand the scope of the quality of care under evaluation. C1 Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Clin Programs & Policy, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lieu, TA (reprint author), Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, 133 Brookline Ave,Suite 200, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 121 EP 127 PG 7 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 644NA UT WOS:000180923200001 PM 12597600 ER PT J AU Scholes, D Anderson, LA Operskalski, BH BlueSpruce, J Irwin, K Magid, DJ AF Scholes, D Anderson, LA Operskalski, BH BlueSpruce, J Irwin, K Magid, DJ TI STD prevention and treatment guidelines: A review from a managed care perspective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; WOMEN; HEALTH; IMPLEMENTATION; PERFORMANCE; BARRIERS; MODEL; ERA AB Objective: To conduct a standardized review of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinical practice guidelines from a managed care perspective. Study Design: Eight guidelines that address STD prevention and care received dual review on selected content and formatting criteria. Content criteria included currency. of information, coverage of 7 selected STDs, attention to primary prevention areas (risk assessment, patient education, counseling), attention to system/implementation issues (time/costs/training) of integrating STD practices into routine clinical care, and referencing of scientific literature. Format/presentation criteria included ease of accessing STD information, clear identification of STD recommendations, availability of handbook/pocket versions, and availability of on-line version. Chlamydia screening and treatment recommendations were compared for 3 guidelines. Results: The 8 guidelines addressed a variety of target populations. Two focused exclusively on STDs. Three were current at the time of the. review (1998 or later), 2 covered all selected STDs 3 gave considerable emphasis to primary prevention, and cited relevant scientific sources. One guideline was classed as having good coverage of system/implementation issues. Information for specific STDs was readily located and concisely presented in 2 of the guidelines. Four sources had handbook/pocket versions, and 5 had on-line versions; Based on these findings, we suggest modifications for future versions of these guidelines that may increase their usefulness to managed care settings. Conclusions: Currently available STD guidelines potentially can be of great use to managed care providers and decisionmakers. The relevance to managed care organizations of a number of guidelines could be increased in several areas, particularly by greater focus on primary prevention and by providing access to tools and strategies to foster integration of STD services into routine clinical care. C1 Ctr Hlth Studies, Grp Hlth Cooperat, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Practice Innovat, Seattle, WA USA. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Colorado Permanente Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Scholes, D (reprint author), Ctr Hlth Studies, Grp Hlth Cooperat, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 181 EP 189 PG 9 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 644NA UT WOS:000180923200006 PM 12597605 ER PT J AU Winthrop, KL Steinberg, EB Holmes, G Kainer, MA Werner, SB Winquist, A Vugia, DJ AF Winthrop, KL Steinberg, EB Holmes, G Kainer, MA Werner, SB Winquist, A Vugia, DJ TI Epidemic and sporadic cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis associated with laser in situ keratomileusis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article AB PURPOSE: To report national case finding results for non, tuberculous mycobacterial keratitis and describe its association with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). DESIGN: Enhanced passive disease reporting. METHODS: In April 2001, we investigated a California cluster of Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis associated with hyperopic LASIK using a contact lens mask. To identify other possibly related cases, the American Academy of Ophthalmology e-mailed its members asking them to report recent cases of nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. RESULTS: Forty-three additional cases of keratitis were reported (onsets between August 2000 and June 2001). Of these, 31 occurred as part of two unrelated LASIK-associated outbreaks. The 12 other reported cases occurred in sporadic fashion. Of the latter cases, 4 were associated with LASIK surgery. None of the reported cases were related to the M. chelonae cluster in California. CONCLUSIONS: Laser in situ keratomileusis-associated keratitis with nontuberculous mycobacteria may be more common than previously known. (C) 2003 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Scott & White Mem Hosp & Clin, Temple, TX USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Winthrop, KL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Rm 708,2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 6 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 135 IS 2 BP 223 EP 224 DI 10.1016/S0002-9394(02)01955-4 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 640VV UT WOS:000180709400015 PM 12566028 ER PT J AU Yoon, PW Scheuner, MT Khoury, MJ AF Yoon, PW Scheuner, MT Khoury, MJ TI Research priorities for evaluating family history in the prevention of common chronic diseases SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; DIABETES-MELLITUS; GENETIC RISK; HEALTH; HYPERTENSION; ACCURACY; MEDICINE; OBESITY C1 Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, CDC, CDCP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Div Med Genet, GenRISK Program, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA. RP Yoon, PW (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, CDC, CDCP, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 55 TC 139 Z9 141 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00585-8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 643BV UT WOS:000180842800003 PM 12568818 ER PT J AU Hunt, SC Gwinn, M Adams, TD AF Hunt, SC Gwinn, M Adams, TD TI Family history assessment - Strategies for prevention of cardiovascular disease SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; INDEPENDENT RISK FACTOR; FACTOR INTERVENTION TRIAL; BLOOD-PRESSURE RESPONSE; PLASMA-LIPID RESPONSE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ARTERY DISEASE; ANGIOTENSINOGEN GENOTYPE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; SODIUM REDUCTION AB Family history assessment can be used to combine population-wide health promotion and risk-reduction efforts with a high-risk, targeted approach to help reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Family history is an independent predictor of CVD, and the upper portion of the family history distribution explains a larger fraction of CVD in the population than can be explained by extreme values of other risk factors (e.g., blood pressure and cholesterol). A positive family history of disease captures the underlying complexities of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions by identifying families with combinations of risk factors, both measured and unmeasured, that lead to disease expression. Family history is a useful tool for identifying Most prevalent cases of CVD and for population-wide disease-prevention efforts. A positive family history also identifies the relatively small subset of families in the population at highest risk for CVD who may benefit most from targeted screening and intensive intervention. C1 Univ Utah, Sch Med, Cardiovasc Genet Res Program, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hunt, SC (reprint author), Univ Utah, Sch Med, Cardiovasc Genet Res Program, Dept Internal Med, 410 Chipeta Way,Room 167, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA. EM steve@ucvg.med.utah.edu NR 55 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00586-X PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 643BV UT WOS:000180842800004 PM 12568819 ER PT J AU Tyagi, A Morris, J AF Tyagi, A Morris, J TI Using decision analytic methods to assess the utility of family history tools SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; COLORECTAL-CANCER; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; COLON-CANCER; ECONOMIC-EVALUATION; HEALTH-CARE; RISK; POPULATION; UNCERTAINTY AB Family history may be a useful tool for identifying people at increased risk of disease and for developing targeted interventions for individuals at higher-than-average risk. This article addresses the issue of how to examine the utility of a family history tool for public health and preventive medicine. We propose the use of a decision analytic framework for the assessment of a family history tool and outline the major elements of a decision analytic approach, including analytic perspective, costs, outcome measurements, and data needed to assess the value of a family history tool. We describe the use of sensitivity analysis to address uncertainty in parameter values and imperfect information. To illustrate the use of decision analytic methods to assess the value of family history, we present an example analysis based on using family history of colorectal cancer to improve rates of colorectal cancer screening. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tyagi, A (reprint author), 1161 Greenbriar Circle, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 199 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00594-9 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 643BV UT WOS:000180842800012 PM 12568827 ER PT J AU Mercy, JA Krug, EG Dahlberg, LL Zwi, AB AF Mercy, JA Krug, EG Dahlberg, LL Zwi, AB TI Violence and health: The United States in a global perspective SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES; ELDER ABUSE; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; HOMICIDE; PREVALENCE; WOMEN AB Violence is a public health problem that can be understood and changed. Research over the past 2 decades has demonstrated that violence can be prevented and that, in some cases, prevention programs are more cost-effective than other policy options such as incarceration. The United States has much to contribute to-and stands to gain much from-global efforts to prevent violence. A new World Health Organization initiative presents an opportunity for the United States to work with other nations to find cost-effective ways of preventing violence and reducing its enormous costs. C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ New S Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Mercy, JA (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Mail Stop K-60,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 41 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2003 VL 93 IS 2 BP 256 EP 261 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.2.256 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 641AG UT WOS:000180721000019 PM 12554579 ER PT J AU Danovaro-Holliday, MC Gordon, ER Woernle, C Higginbotham, GH Judy, RH Icenogle, JP Reef, SE AF Danovaro-Holliday, MC Gordon, ER Woernle, C Higginbotham, GH Judy, RH Icenogle, JP Reef, SE TI Identifying risk factors for rubella susceptibility in a population at risk in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SYNDROME CRS; ANTIBODY; IMMUNITY; VACCINATION; MEASLES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Brundidge Med, Brundidge, AL USA. Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Montgomery, AL 36102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Reef, SE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2003 VL 93 IS 2 BP 289 EP 291 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.2.289 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 641AG UT WOS:000180721000027 PM 12554588 ER PT J AU Brett, KM Higgins, JA AF Brett, KM Higgins, JA TI Hysterectomy prevalence by Hispanic ethnicity: Evidence from a national survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; WOMEN; INSURANCE; APPROPRIATENESS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHYSICIAN; COHORT; RATES AB Objectives. We investigated hysterectomy prevalence among Hispanic women. Methods. We obtained data from 4684 Hispanic women and 20604 non-Hispanic White women from the 1998-1999 National Health Interview Survey. We calculated nationally representative odds ratios of previous hysterectomy, controlling for confounders. Results. Compared with non-Hispanic White women, the odds ratio for hysterectomy was 0.36 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.30, 0.44) for Hispanic women with no high school diploma, 0.57 (95% Cl = 0.44, 0.74) for high school graduates, and 0.67 (95% CI=0.42, 0.87) for college attenders. Country of origin had little influence on hysterectomy prevalence. Hysterectomy was positively associated with acculturation. Conclusions. Hispanic women undergo fewer hysterectomies than do non-Hispanic White women. The reasons for this, as well as information on ethnicity-specific appropriateness of hysterectomy, should be explored. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Brett, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Epidemiol, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 730, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 41 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD FEB PY 2003 VL 93 IS 2 BP 307 EP 312 DI 10.2105/AJPH.93.2.307 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 641AG UT WOS:000180721000030 PM 12554591 ER PT J AU Spradling, P Ridzon, R AF Spradling, P Ridzon, R TI Limited transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Letter ID DRUG-RESISTANT; OUTBREAK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Spradling, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER THORACIC SOC PI NEW YORK PA 1740 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10019-4374 USA SN 1073-449X J9 AM J RESP CRIT CARE JI Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 167 IS 3 BP 473 EP 473 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 640EZ UT WOS:000180676400038 PM 12554633 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Grimes, BH Knight, R Da Silva, AJ Pieniazek, NJ Veal, DA AF Graczyk, TK Grimes, BH Knight, R Da Silva, AJ Pieniazek, NJ Veal, DA TI Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia carried by synanthropic flies by combined fluorescent in situ hybridization and a monoclonal antibody SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID FILTER DISSOLUTION METHOD; WATER SAMPLES; MUSCA-DOMESTICA; TRANSPORT HOSTS; OOCYSTS; SURVEILLANCE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIVITY; DISEASES; RECOVERY AB Wild-caught synanthropic flies were tested for the presence of Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia on their exoskeletons and in their digestive tracks by fluorescent in situ hybridization and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated monoclonal antibody (MAb) against Cryptosporidium and Giardia cell wall epitopes. The levels of C. parvum were positively correlated with the levels of G. lamblia, indicating a common source of contamination. The majority of oocysts and cysts were potentially viable (C. parvum = 80% and G. lamblia = 69%). More G. lamblia cysts occurred on the exoskeleton of the flies than within the digestive tracts; the opposite relationship was observed for C. parvum. No genotype other than C. parvum G2 was found to be associated with flies. Because filth flies carry viable C. parvum oocysts and G. lamblia cysts acquired naturally from unhygienic sources, they can be involved in the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis. Fluorescent oligonucleotide probes used together with FITC-conjugated MAb represent a convenient and cost-effective technique for rapid and specific identification of human-infectious species of Cryptosporidium and Giardia mechanically transported by flies, and for the assessment of the viability of these pathogens. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. On Site Wastewater Sect, Div Environm Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Macquarie Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Fluoromet Res Team, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe ST, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 39 TC 45 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 68 IS 2 BP 228 EP 232 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 645TD UT WOS:000180994700019 PM 12641416 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM Margolis, SA Nelson, CP AF Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM Margolis, SA Nelson, CP TI Affinity extraction combined with stable isotope dilution LC/MS for the determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate in human plasma SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE affinity extraction; folate binding protein; folates; human plasma; isotope-dilution; liquid chromatography mass spectrometry; 5-methyltetrahydrofolate ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; RED-CELL FOLATE; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ELECTROCHEMICAL DETECTION; MEGALOBLASTIC-ANEMIA; SERUM; BINDING; ACID; DEFICIENCY AB The predominant circulating folate monoglutamate in human plasma (>90%), and thus the most significant folate for accurately diagnosing folate deficiency, is 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5MT). Folate deficiency is typically indicated when circulating folate levels are less than or equal to3 ng/mL. The quantitative determination of plasma folates in general, and of 5MT in particular, is complicated by their naturally low levels (pg/mL to ng/mL), their instability, and their tendency to interconvert. Highly specific and sensitive analytical methods are needed to accurately quantify endogenous 5MT in human plasma. A method that utilizes the specific high-affinity binding sites of bovine folate binding protein (FBP) and the selectivity and sensitivity of selected ion monitoring mode isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to quantify plasma 5MT has been developed. The method is based on the solid-phase affinity extraction (SPAE) of 5MT and its stable isotopically labeled analogue ([C-13(5)]5MT) from plasma (1 mL) using FBP immobilized to polymeric beads. The excess high-affinity binding sites on the affinity columns enable quantitative extraction of 5MT from plasma under optimized sample pH conditions. Additionally, it is demonstrated that plasma proteins do not hinder the determination of 5MT; therefore, protein precipitation is not required before the affinity extraction step. Detection and quantification of the extracted 5MT is provided by positive-ion mode LC/MS in which the protonated molecular ions [M+H](+) of the analyte and the internal standard are monitored. The method shows linearity over three orders of magnitude (0.04-40 ng/mL) and has limits of detection and quantification of 0.04 and 0.4 ng/mL, respectively. Calibration curves obtained by spiking 5MT into plasma exhibited good linearity between 0 and 25 ng/mL and both the plasma calibration standards and the plasma samples were stable for at least 48 It at room temperature. The recovery (average +/-% RSD) of 5MT spiked into plasma from 5 to 25 ng/mL was 98.0% +/-1.6% (n = 15). 5MT levels determined by SPAE-LC/MS compared to "total folate" levels determined by radioassay and microbiological assay were discordant. Reasons for the discordancy are theorized, but it is clear that there exists an urgent need for clinical reference materials containing certified folate levels. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 313 IS 1 BP 117 EP 127 AR PII S0003-2697(02)00531-6 DI 10.1016/S0003-2697(02)00531-6 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 647KZ UT WOS:000181093100016 PM 12576066 ER PT J AU Bernstein, DI Karnani, R Biagini, RE Bernstein, CK Murphy, K Berendts, B Bernstein, JA Bernstein, IL AF Bernstein, DI Karnani, R Biagini, RE Bernstein, CK Murphy, K Berendts, B Bernstein, JA Bernstein, IL TI Clinical and occupational outcomes in health care workers with natural rubber latex allergy SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASTHMA; DISABILITY AB Background: There is limited information pertaining to clinical outcomes and economic consequences of natural rubber latex (NRL) allergy in health care workers (HCWs). Objective: To evaluate retrospectively health and economic outcomes in HCWs identified with NRL allergy and percutaneous reactivity to NRL. Methods: Sixty-seven HCWs with NRL allergy, confirmed by percutaneous reactivity to non-ammoniated latex (NAL) extract, were administered a detailed questionnaire to evaluate clinical and economic outcomes of active work and environmental interventions subsequent to recognition of work-related symptoms associated with NRL gloves. Results: Diagnoses based on predetermined case definitions associated with direct or indirect exposure to NRL gloves included contact urticaria in 67 (100%); work-related rhinitis in 23; work-related asthma symptoms in 25; and work-related anaphylaxis in 4 workers. Work related symptoms reportedly resolved in 44 of 49 (90%) of NAL skin test-positive workers who had reported skin, respiratory, and/or systematic symptoms and remained in their current work area and who switched to non-NRL gloves. Four of 24 (17%) workers with work-related asthma symptoms were compelled to change employment to NRL-safe workplaces, resulting in a mean 24% reduction in annual income. Conclusions: Clinical outcomes in this group of HCWs with NRL allergy were favorable after institution of interventions but incurred deleterious consequences in a minority of workers. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Immunol, Dept Internal Med, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Bernstein Clin Res Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Bernstein, DI (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Div Immunol, Dept Internal Med, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [Y02ES10189] NR 16 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 90 IS 2 BP 209 EP 213 PG 5 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 646VE UT WOS:000181055600009 PM 12602668 ER PT J AU Suarez, L Hendricks, K Felkner, M Gunter, E AF Suarez, L Hendricks, K Felkner, M Gunter, E TI Maternal serum B-12 levels and risk for neural tube defects in a Texas-Mexico border population SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE neural tube defects; Mexican Americans; vitamin B-12 deficiency; Hispanic Americans; level; serum folate ID PERICONCEPTIONAL VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; AMNIOTIC-FLUID; FOLIC-ACID; HOMOCYSTEINE LEVELS; DIETARY-FOLATE; PREGNANCIES; WOMEN; DEFICIENCY; BLOOD AB PURPOSE: Neural tube defects (NTDs) are common birth defects that can be prevented with folate fortification and supplementation. Studies suggest that other nutrients may also be essential to neural tube closure and have a potential role in risk reduction, with vitamin B-12 mentioned most often. We determined the effect of maternal serum B-12 levels, measured postpartum, on the risk of NTDs among a high risk Mexican American population. METHODS: The case-control study included 157 Mexican American women with NTD-affected pregnancies and 186 Mexican American women with normal pregnancies, who were residents of Texas-Mexico border counties and delivered during 1995 to 2000. RESULTS: Compared with women in the highest vitamin B-12 quintile, women in the lowest quintile showed a strong risk effect (odds ratio (OR) = 3.0, confidence interval (CI): 1.4, 6.3); while those in the 2nd and 3rd quintiles showed moderate risk effects (OR = 1.6, CI = 0.7, 3.6 and OR = 1.7, CI = 0.8, 3.8, respectively). Adjusting for obesity, vitamin supplements, dietary folate, dietary 1 2, red blood cell folate, and other covariates did not materially change these estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient levels of serum B-12, which are not normally indicative of a classical vitamin B-12 deficiency nor stem from an inadequate diet, may be an important etiologic factor for NTDs in this population. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Off Assoc Commissioner Dis Control & Prevent G401, Austin, TX 78756 USA. RP Suarez, L (reprint author), Texas Dept Hlth, Off Assoc Commissioner Dis Control & Prevent G401, 1100 W 49th St, Austin, TX 78756 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U85/CCU608761] NR 49 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 81 EP 88 AR PII S1047-2797(02)00267-3 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00267-3 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 643CU UT WOS:000180845000001 PM 12559666 ER PT J AU Gallagher, KM Jara, M Demaria, A Seage, GR Heeren, T AF Gallagher, KM Jara, M Demaria, A Seage, GR Heeren, T TI The reliability of passively collected AIDS surveillance data in Massachusetts SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; surveillance; statistics; reproducibility of results; evaluation studies; risk factors; antiretroviral therapy AB PURPOSE: To determine the reliability of demographic, clinical, and treatment information collected during routine AIDS surveillance. METHODS: Information from the medical records of a random sample of 212 AIDS cases reported to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health between November 1993 and November 1994 was compared with that from the original case reports. We assessed levels of agreement by calculating overall percent agreement and kappa statistics with 95% confidence limits. We used an intraclass correlation coefficient to compare the CD4+ lymphocyte count reported from the two sources. RESULTS: There was excellent agreement for gender (K = 0.97) and race (K = 0.87). Agreement was lower for transmission mode (K = 0.73), CD4+ cell count (ICC = 0.76) and category of AIDS case definition (K = 0.59). There was poor agreement for use of antiretrovirals (K = 0.23), use of prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (K = 0.12) and vital status (K = 0.22). The month and year of diagnosis agreed in only 55% of cases reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Routine AIDS surveillance data was reliable for demographic variables, but less reliable for information about clinical events, laboratory findings, or treatment. Future AIDS surveillance efforts should improve the collection of these data by using sources where this information is more reliable. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, AIDS Surveillance Program, Boston, MA USA. RP Gallagher, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mail Stop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU111147] NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 13 IS 2 BP 100 EP 104 AR PII S1047-2797(02)00265-X DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00265-X PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 643CU UT WOS:000180845000003 PM 12559668 ER PT J AU Heffelfinger, JD Weinstock, HS Berman, SM Swint, EB AF Heffelfinger, JD Weinstock, HS Berman, SM Swint, EB TI Primary and secondary syphilis - United States, 2000-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, 2002;51 : 971-973) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevenet, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heffelfinger, JD (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevenet, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 139 IS 2 BP 240 EP 242 PG 3 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 645JA UT WOS:000180971400026 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, PG Iwane, MK Humiston, SE Schaffer, S McInerny, T Shone, L Jennings, J Washington, ML Schwartz, B AF Szilagyi, PG Iwane, MK Humiston, SE Schaffer, S McInerny, T Shone, L Jennings, J Washington, ML Schwartz, B TI Time spent by primary care practices on pediatric influenza vaccination visits - Implications for universal influenza vaccination SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; EXACERBATE ASTHMA; CHILDREN; MOTION; RATES; HOSPITALIZATIONS; IMPACT AB Objective: To measure the time currently spent by primary care practice personnel, and the examination room occupancy time for childhood influenza vaccination visits, to assess the practicality of annual influenza vaccination of all preschool children. Setting: Seven primary care practices serving one fourth of the children living in Rochester, NY. Patients: Ninety-two children seen for influenza vaccination visits in the 2000-2001 vaccination season. Methods: Using a standardized protocol, practice staff measured the time spent on check-in, nurse or physician examination, and the actual influenza vaccination process. Waiting and "hands-on" times were determined, as well as total visit and room occupancy times. Nonparametric tests and multivariable models were used to analyze the time spent for components of the visits and to compare time spent by different age groups and practice types (suburban or urban). Results: The median duration of the influenza vaccination visit was 14 minutes (25th to 75th percentiles range, 9-25 minutes) across the 7 practices, with visits to urban practices being longer (22 minutes) than visits to suburban practices (9 minutes). Eighty percent of patient time involved waiting, primarily in examination rooms. The major components of influenza vaccination visits included waiting room time (4 minutes in suburban practices vs 8 minutes in urban practices; P<.01), and time in the examination room (5 minutes vs 14 minutes, respectively; P<.001), during which only I to 2 minutes (for both suburban and urban practices) were for hands-on vaccinations. Only 5% of visits were examined by a physician or nurse practitioner. Visit times did not vary by age. Conclusions: Although the personnel time for influenza vaccination visits was short, there was substantial patient waiting and long occupancy of examination rooms. if universal influenza vaccination is to be efficiently managed in primary care practices, it may be necessary to implement "vaccination clinics" or sessions in which large numbers of children are scheduled for influenza vaccinations at times when adequate rooms and dedicated nursing staff are available. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Strong Mem Hosp, Dept Pediat, Box 632, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. OI Schaffer, Stanley/0000-0001-7993-1374 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U38YCCU217969-01] NR 34 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 157 IS 2 BP 191 EP 195 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 643DB UT WOS:000180845700014 PM 12580691 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Fauquier, A Roman, E Colomina, J Wilhelmi, I Glass, RI Jiang, B AF Sanchez-Fauquier, A Roman, E Colomina, J Wilhelmi, I Glass, RI Jiang, B TI First detection of group C rotavirus in children with acute diarrhea in Spain SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Group C rotavirus causes sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhea in children and adults in many countries, but has never been detected among children in Spain. In a recently conducted surveillance study to screen fecal specimens for bacteria and viruses from a cohort of 822 young children who were treated for acute diarrhea in Madrid, no pathogens were detected in fecal specimens from 238 (29%) children. In this study, we examined 147 of those specimens for group C rotavirus by EIA and PCR and found 22 (15%) were positive. Our findings demonstrate that group C rotavirus is an important cause of childhood diarrhea in Spain. C1 Ctr Nacl Microbiol Virol & Inmunol Sanitarias Maja, Inst Salud Carlos III, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Madrid, Spain. Hosp Severo Ochoa, Serv Pediat & Microbiol, Madrid, Spain. Hosp Ribera, Serv Pediat & Microbiol, Valencia, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jiang, B (reprint author), NCID, DVRD, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 148 IS 2 BP 399 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s00705-002-0921-4 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 644NF UT WOS:000180923800015 PM 12557002 ER PT J AU Shaw, MTM Leggat, PA Weld, LH Williams, ML Cetron, MS AF Shaw, MTM Leggat, PA Weld, LH Williams, ML Cetron, MS TI Illness in returned travellers presenting at GeoSentinel sites in New Zealand SO AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HEALTH ADVICE; MEDICINE AB Objective: To describe illnesses of returned travellers presenting at GeoSentinel sites in New Zealand. Methods: Record data for all patients presenting for travel-related illnesses seen at two GeoSentinel sites, operating as commercial travel clinics, in Auckland and Hamilton, NZ, were extracted for the period November 1997 to December 2001. Results: 205 patients were identified with 262 diagnoses. Just over half were females (54.21%) and nearly half were in the 25-35 years age group (47.3%). About two-fifths of patients reported a pre-travel health consultation (41.0%). The commonest diseases diagnosed were diarrhoeal illnesses (23%), dermatological diagnoses (16%, excluding animal bites), animal bites (10%), and non-specific viral illnesses (8%), many of which manifest as respiratory infections. Tropical diseases, such as schistosomiasis (4%) malaria (2%) and dengue fever (0.5%), were not common. Conclusions: Information on travel-related illnesses, when reported through a global reporting system, can be useful for the travel health adviser in identifying issues of current concern. Although the frequency of tropical disease is low, it remains important to prevent these potentially fatal diseases. Implications: GeoSentinel makes a global contribution to the surveillance of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases through a network of individual sites in various countries including New Zealand. This information can be used to help provide preventive advice for travellers as well as help in assessing illness in post-travel patients and potentially assist in preventing the secondary spread of some diseases acquired abroad following return. C1 Worldwise Travellers Hlth Ctr New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Townsville, Qld, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shaw, MTM (reprint author), Worldwise Travellers Hlth Ctr New Zealand, 72 Remuera Rd, Auckland, New Zealand. EM doctor@worldwise.co.nz NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC AUSTRALIA INC PI CURTIN PA PO BOX 319, CURTIN, ACT 2600, AUSTRALIA SN 1326-0200 J9 AUST NZ J PUBL HEAL JI Aust. N. Z. Publ. Health PD FEB PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 82 EP 86 DI 10.1111/j.1467-842X.2003.tb00386.x PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 883AE UT WOS:000225980700015 PM 14705274 ER PT J AU Dujardin, JP Le Pont, F Baylac, M AF Dujardin, JP Le Pont, F Baylac, M TI Geographical versus interspecific differentiation of sand flies (Diptera : Psychodidae): a landmark data analysis SO BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MORPHOMETRICS C1 UMR IRD CNRS 9926 Montpellier, F-34032 Montpellier, France. Inst Rech Dev La Paz, La Paz, Bolivia. Museum Nat Hist, Grp Travail Morphometrie & Anal Formes, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Dujardin, JP (reprint author), CDC Atlanta, Room 2116,Bldg 102,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0007-4853 J9 B ENTOMOL RES JI Bull. Entomol. Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 93 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1079/BER2002206 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 647RP UT WOS:000181108100010 PM 12593686 ER PT J AU Ruffin, MT Bailey, JM Normolle, D Michael, C Forde, K Johnston, C Reed, B Brenner, BE Unger, E Kmak, D AF Ruffin, MT Bailey, JM Normolle, D Michael, C Forde, K Johnston, C Reed, B Brenner, BE Unger, E Kmak, D TI Topical all-trans retinoic acid for CINII/III SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 27th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Preventive-Oncology CY MAR 09-11, 2003 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Prevent Oncol C1 Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 183 EP 183 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 644LG UT WOS:000180918800030 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Lee, NC AF Coughlin, SS Lee, NC TI Annual screening may not decrease breast cancer deaths among women aged 40 to 49 years SO CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID MAMMOGRAPHY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Deutsch Krebsforschungszentrum, Div Clin Epidemiol, Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0305-7372 J9 CANCER TREAT REV JI Cancer Treat. Rev. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 29 IS 1 BP 55 EP 57 DI 10.1016/S0305-7372(02)00128-7 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 661NM UT WOS:000181896700007 PM 12633581 ER PT J AU Ye, P Kourtis, AP Kirschner, DE AF Ye, P Kourtis, AP Kirschner, DE TI Reconstitution of thymic function in HIV-1 patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE thymus; HAART; immune reconstitution; pediatric infection; mathematical model ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN; ANTIVIRAL THERAPY; IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION; COMBINATION THERAPY; ADULT PATIENTS; THYMOPOIESIS; LAMIVUDINE; RITONAVIR AB The extent to which highly active antiretroviral therapy can restore thymic function in HIV-1 infected patients is not known. We simulate treatment using a temporal model of thymopoiesis during HIV-1 infection, tracking thymic function by the number of recent thymic emigrants (RTE) exported to the periphery per day. Our results suggest that suppressing viral load in peripheral blood and improving inherent thymic function are necessary for the reconstitution of RTE levels in adult thymic infection with either R5 or X4 HIV-1 strains. This is also the case in pediatric thymic infection with R5 strains. However, recovery of RTE levels during pediatric infection with X4 strains also depends on high drug efficacy within the thymus. We further predict that protease inhibitors have high levels of efficacy directly suppressing viral replication within the thymus, while reverse transcriptase inhibitors have low efficacy. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, CONRAD MS K34, HIV Sect,Div Reproduct Hlth,Natl Ctr Chron Dis Pr, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kirschner, DE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 62119] NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 106 IS 2 BP 95 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S1521-6616(02)00024-4 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 663WG UT WOS:000182029100003 PM 12672400 ER PT J AU Huang, SS Platt, R AF Huang, SS Platt, R TI Risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection after previous infection or colonization SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; NASAL CARRIAGE; SURVEILLANCE; ACQUISITION; BACTEREMIA; MRSA AB Studies evaluating the risk of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-associated sequelae in colonized or infected inpatients have not extended follow-up into the period after discharge from the hospital. We determined the 18-month risk of MRSA infection among 209 adult patients newly identified as harboring MRSA. Twenty-nine percent of patients (60 patients) developed subsequent MRSA infections (90 infections). These infections were often severe. Twenty-eight percent of infections (25 of 90) involved bacteremia, and 56% (50 of 90) involved pneumonia, soft tissue infection, osteomyelitis, or septic arthritis. Eighty percent of patients (48 of 60) with subsequent MRSA infection developed the infection at a new site, and 49% of new MRSA infections (44 of 90) first became manifest after discharge from the hospital. Accurate assessment of the risk of MRSA-associated sequelae requires prolonged follow-up after discharge. C1 Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Eastern Massachusetts Prevent Epictr, Boston, MA USA. HMO Res Network Ctr Educ & Res Therapeut, Boston, MA USA. RP Huang, SS (reprint author), Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Div Infect Dis, 75 Francis St,PBBA-4, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 23 TC 266 Z9 269 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 3 BP 281 EP 285 DI 10.1086/345955 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 638AQ UT WOS:000180546700006 PM 12539068 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Doyle, TJ Hill, HA Bridges, CB Jernigan, JA Dull, PM Reissman, DB Ashford, DA Jernigan, DB AF Kuehnert, MJ Doyle, TJ Hill, HA Bridges, CB Jernigan, JA Dull, PM Reissman, DB Ashford, DA Jernigan, DB TI Clinical features that discriminate inhalational anthrax from other acute respiratory illnesses SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; RISK PATIENTS; INFLUENZA; INFECTION AB Inhalational anthrax (IA) is a rapidly progressive disease that frequently results in sepsis and death, and prompt recognition is critical. To distinguish IA from other causes of acute respiratory illness, patients who had IA were compared with patients in an ambulatory clinic who had influenza-like illness (ILI) and with hospitalized patients who had community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) at the initial health care visit. Compared with patients who had ILI, patients who had IA were more likely to have tachycardia, high hematocrit, and low albumin and sodium levels and were less likely to have myalgias, headache, and nasal symptoms. Scoring systems were devised to compare IA with ILI or CAP on the basis of strength of association. For ILI, a score of greater than or equal to4 captured all 11 patients with IA and excluded 664 (96.1%) of 691 patients with ILI. Compared with patients who had CAP, patients with IA were more likely to have nausea or vomiting, tachycardia, high transaminase levels, low sodium levels, and normal white blood cell counts. For CAP, a score of greater than or equal to3 captured 9 (81.8%) of 11 patients with IA and excluded 528 (81.2%) of 650 patients with CAP. In conclusion, selected clinical features of patients with IA differ from those of patients with ILI and are more similar to those of patients with CAP. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Publ Hlth Surveillance & Informat, Epidem Intelligence Serv Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 3 BP 328 EP 336 DI 10.1086/346035 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 638AQ UT WOS:000180546700013 PM 12539075 ER PT J AU Tedaldi, EM Baker, RK Moorman, AC Alzola, CF Furhrer, J McCabe, RE Wood, KC Holmberg, SD AF Tedaldi, EM Baker, RK Moorman, AC Alzola, CF Furhrer, J McCabe, RE Wood, KC Holmberg, SD CA HIV Outpatient Study Investigators TI Influence of coinfection with hepatitis C virus on morbidity and mortality due to human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID STAGE LIVER-DISEASE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; UNITED-STATES; COHORT; HEPATOTOXICITY; ASSOCIATION; PROGRESSION; PREVALENCE; SURVIVAL; IMPACT AB To ascertain the impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression and associated death in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), we examined mortality rates, the presence of other diseases, and antiretroviral use in an observational cohort of 823 HIV-infected patients with and without HCV coinfection during the period of January 1996 through June 2001. Analyses were used to compare patient characteristics, comorbid conditions, and survival durations in HIV-infected and HIV-HCV-coinfected patients. HIV-HCV-coinfected persons did not have a statistically greater rate of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or of renal or cardiovascular disease, but they did have more cases of cirrhosis and transaminase elevations. There were proportionately more deaths in the HIV-HCV-coinfected group. Age, baseline CD4(+) cell count, and duration of HAART were significantly associated with survival, but HCV infection was not. HAART use was a strong predictor of increased duration of survival, suggesting that treatment is more important to survival than is HCV coinfection status. C1 Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, Gen Internal Med Sect, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Fairmont Hosp, San Leandro, CA USA. RP Tedaldi, EM (reprint author), Temple Univ Hosp & Med Sch, Gen Internal Med Sect, 1316 W Ontario St, Philadelphia, PA 19140 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-2001-00133] NR 23 TC 139 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 3 BP 363 EP 367 DI 10.1086/345953 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 638AQ UT WOS:000180546700018 PM 12539079 ER PT J AU Cannon, GC Baker, SH Soyer, F Johnson, DR Bradburne, CE Mehlman, JL Davies, PS Jiang, QL Heinhorst, S Shively, JM AF Cannon, GC Baker, SH Soyer, F Johnson, DR Bradburne, CE Mehlman, JL Davies, PS Jiang, QL Heinhorst, S Shively, JM TI Organization of carboxysome genes in the thiobacilli SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RIBULOSE-1,5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE OXYGENASE; NEAPOLITANUS; OPERON; CYANOBACTERIUM; EXPRESSION; HOMOLOGS; RUBISCO; NOV AB The order of genes in the carboxysome gene clusters of four thiobacilli was examined and the possibility of the cluster forming an operon evaluated. Furthermore, carboxysome peptide homologs were compared with respect to similarities in primary sequence, and the unique structural features of the shell protein CsoS2 were described. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. Clemson Univ, Dept Biochem & Genet, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. George Mason Univ, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Izmir Inst Technol, Dept Biol, TR-35437 Izmir, Turkey. Erskine Coll, Dept Biol, Due West, SC 29639 USA. RP Heinhorst, S (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. NR 30 TC 42 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 46 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s00284-002-3825-3 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635FF UT WOS:000180387600008 PM 12520366 ER PT J AU Bakris, GL Mensah, GA AF Bakris, GL Mensah, GA TI Pathogenesis and clinical physiology of hypertension SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; BLOOD-PRESSURE; ARTERIAL-PRESSURE; METAANALYSIS; MECHANISMS; GENETICS; KIDNEYS; SODIUM C1 Rush Univ, Hypertens Clin Res Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bakris, GL (reprint author), Rush Univ, Hypertens Clin Res Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, 1700 W Van Buren St,Suite 470, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 46 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0146-2806 J9 CURR PROB CARDIOLOGY JI Curr. Probl. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 137 EP 155 DI 10.1016/S0146-2806(03)00019-7 PG 19 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 694EV UT WOS:000183761600001 ER PT J AU Mensah, GA Croft, JB Giles, WH AF Mensah, GA Croft, JB Giles, WH TI The heart, kidney, and brain as target organs in hypertension SO CURRENT PROBLEMS IN CARDIOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID LEFT-VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY; RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM; PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL-DISEASE; PRACTICE GUIDELINES COMMITTEE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; ASSOCIATION TASK-FORCE; CORONARY FLOW RESERVE; DIASTOLIC DYSFUNCTION; BLOOD-PRESSURE; INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 160 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0146-2806 J9 CURR PROB CARDIOLOGY JI Curr. Probl. Cardiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 28 IS 2 BP 156 EP 193 DI 10.1016/S0146-2806(03)00017-3 PG 38 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 694EV UT WOS:000183761600002 ER PT J AU Messenger, SL Smith, JS Orciari, LA Yager, PA Rupprecht, CE AF Messenger, SL Smith, JS Orciari, LA Yager, PA Rupprecht, CE TI Emerging pattern of rabies deaths and increased viral infectivity SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS VARIANTS; BAT RABIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Most human rabies deaths in the United States can be attributed to unrecognized exposures to rabies viruses associated with bats, particularly those associated with two infrequently encountered bat species (Lasionycteris noctivagans and Pipistrellus subflavus). These human rabies cases tend to cluster in the southeastern and northwestern United States. In these regions, most rabies deaths associated with bats in nonhuman terrestrial mammals are also associated with virus variants specific to these two bat species rather than more common bat species; outside of these regions, more common bat rabies viruses contribute to most transmissions. The preponderance of rabies deaths connected with the two uncommon L. noctivagans and P subflavus bat rabies viruses is best explained by their evolution of increased viral infectivity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 151 EP 154 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 646KR UT WOS:000181034600001 PM 12603983 ER PT J AU Herwaldt, BL McGovern, PC Gerwel, MP Easton, RM MacGregor, RR AF Herwaldt, BL McGovern, PC Gerwel, MP Easton, RM MacGregor, RR TI Endemic babesiosis in another eastern state: New Jersey SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY-DISTRESS-SYNDROME; MICROTI; DIAGNOSIS; DISEASE; COUNTY AB In the United States, most reported cases of babesiosis have been caused by Babesia microti and acquired in the northeast. Although three cases of babesiosis acquired in New Jersey were recently described by others, babesiosis has not been widely known to be endemic in New Jersey. We describe a case of babesiosis acquired in New Jersey in 1999 in an otherwise healthy 53-year-old woman who developed life-threatening disease. We also provide composite data on 40 cases of babesiosis acquired from 1993 through 2001 in New Jersey. The 40 cases include the one we describe, the three cases previously described, and 36 other cases reported to public health agencies. The 40 cases were acquired in eight (38.1%) of the 21 counties in the state. Babesiosis, a potentially serious zoonosis, is endemic in New Jersey and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with fever and hemolytic anemia, particularly in the spring, summer, and early fall. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Penn, Hlth Syst, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 184 EP 188 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 646KR UT WOS:000181034600006 PM 12603988 ER PT J AU Perencevich, EN Sands, KE Cosgrove, SE Guadagnoli, E Meara, E Platt, R AF Perencevich, EN Sands, KE Cosgrove, SE Guadagnoli, E Meara, E Platt, R TI Health and economic impact of surgical site infections diagnosed after hospital discharge SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC DISEASE SCORE; AUTOMATED PHARMACY DATA; WOUND INFECTIONS; EXCESS LENGTH; SURGERY; COSTS; STAY; COMPLICATIONS; SURVEILLANCE AB Although surgical site infections (SSIs) are known to cause substantial illness and costs during the index hospitalization, little information exists about the impact of infections diagnosed after discharge, which constitute the majority of SSIs. In this study, using patient questionnaire and administrative databases, we assessed the clinical outcomes and resource utilization in the 8-week postoperative period associated with SSIs recognized after discharge. SSI recognized after discharge was confirmed in 89 (1.9%) of 4,571 procedures from May 1997 to October 1998. Patients with SSI, but not controls, had a significant decline in SF-12 (Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form Health Survey) mental health component scores after surgery (p=0.004). Patients required significantly more outpatient visits, emergency room visits, radiology services, readmissions, and home health aide services than did controls. Average total costs during the 8 weeks after discharge were US$5,155 for patients with SSI and $1,773 for controls (P < 0.001). C1 Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Eastern Massachusetts Prevent Epictr, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Perencevich, EN (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Div Healthcare Outcomes Res, 10 N Greene St,BT111,VA5D-150, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU115079] NR 27 TC 190 Z9 196 U1 1 U2 9 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 196 EP 203 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 646KR UT WOS:000181034600008 PM 12603990 ER PT J AU Meyers, LA Newman, MEJ Martin, M Schrag, S AF Meyers, LA Newman, MEJ Martin, M Schrag, S TI Applying network theory to epidemics: Control measures for Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreaks SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; AZITHROMYCIN PROPHYLAXIS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; SPREAD AB We introduce a novel mathematical approach to investigating the spread and control of communicable infections in closed communities. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a major cause of bacterial pneumonia in the United States. Outbreaks of illness attributable to mycoplasma commonly occur in closed or semi-closed communities. These outbreaks are difficult to contain because of delays in outbreak detection, the long incubation period of the bacterium, and an incomplete understanding of the effectiveness of infection control strategies. Our model explicitly captures the patterns of interactions among patients and, caregivers in an institution with multiple wards. Analysis. of this contact network predicts that, despite the relatively low prevalence of mycoplasma pneumonia found among caregivers, the patterns of caregiver activity and the extent to which they are protected against infection may be fundamental to the control and prevention of mycoplasma outbreaks. In particular, the most effective interventions are those that reduce the diversity of interactions between caregivers and patients. C1 Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78731 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meyers, LA (reprint author), Univ Texas, 1 Univ Stn C0930, Austin, TX 78731 USA. NR 17 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 204 EP 210 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 646KR UT WOS:000181034600009 ER PT J AU Lankford, MG Zembower, TR Trick, WE Hacek, DM Noskin, GA Peterson, LR AF Lankford, MG Zembower, TR Trick, WE Hacek, DM Noskin, GA Peterson, LR TI Influence of role models and hospital design on hand hygiene of health care workers SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HANDWASHING BEHAVIOR; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; UNIT; STAFF; PRECAUTIONS; PREVENTION; PERSONNEL; PROGRAM; IMPACT; RATES AB We assessed the effect of medical staff role models and the number of health-care worker sinks on hand-hygiene compliance before and after construction of a new hospital designed for increased access to handwashing sinks. We observed health-care worker hand hygiene in four nursing units that provided similar patient care in both the old and new hospitals: medical and surgical intensive care, hematology/oncology, and solid organ transplant units. Of 721 hand-hygiene opportunities, 304 (42%) were observed in the old hospital and 417 (58%) in the new hospital. Hand-hygiene compliance was significantly better in the old hospital (161/304; 53%) compared to the new hospital (97/417; 23.3%) (p<0.001). Health-care workers in a room with a senior (e.g., higher ranking) medical staff person or peer who did not wash hands were significantly less likely to wash their own hands (odds ratio 0.2; confidence interval 0.1 to 0.5); p<0.001). Our results suggest that health-care worker hand-hygiene compliance is influenced significantly by the behavior of other health-care workers. An increased number of hand-washing sinks, as a sole measure, did not increase hand-hygiene compliance. C1 Northwestern Prevent Epictr, Chicago, IL USA. NW Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Northwestern Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peterson, LR (reprint author), Evanston Northwestern Healthcare, Dept Pathol, Microbiol & Infect Dis Res Div, 1033 Univ Pl,Suite 100, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RI Ysebaert, Alain/H-6407-2011 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU515081] NR 35 TC 127 Z9 136 U1 3 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 217 EP 223 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 646KR UT WOS:000181034600011 PM 12603993 ER PT J AU Stringer, JR Ben Beard, C Miller, RF Cushion, MT AF Stringer, JR Ben Beard, C Miller, RF Cushion, MT TI A new name (Pneumocystis jiroveci) for Pneumocystis from humans (Response to Hughes) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID NOMENCLATURE; CARINII C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL, London, England. RP Stringer, JR (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, ML 524,231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. EM stringjr@ucmail.uc.edu NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 277 EP 279 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 646KR UT WOS:000181034600028 ER PT J AU Lux, JZ AF Lux, JZ TI Transfusion-associated babesiosis after heart transplant (vol 9, pg 116, 2003) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL, London, England. RP Lux, JZ (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Coll Med, Dept Mol Genet Biochem & Microbiol, ML 524,231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 279 EP 279 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 646KR UT WOS:000181034600029 ER PT J AU Calafat, AM Kuklenyik, Z Caudill, SP Ashley, DL AF Calafat, AM Kuklenyik, Z Caudill, SP Ashley, DL TI Urinary levels of trichloroacetic acid, a disinfection by-product in chlorinated drinking water, in a human reference population SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE exposure; human; trichloroacetic acid; urine ID TRICHLOROETHYLENE; EXPOSURE; METABOLITES AB Trichloroacetic acid (TCAA), a known mouse liver carcinogen and a possible human carcinogen, is found in chlorinated drinking water. We measured TCAA in archived urine samples from a reference population of 402 adults using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. TCAA was detected in 76% of the samples examined at concentrations ranging from < 0.5 mug TCAA/L to more than 25 mug/L; the 90th percentile concentration was 23 mug/L (22 mug TCAA/g creatinine); and the geometric mean and median concentrations were 2.9 mug/L (2.6 mug/g creatinine) and 3.3 mug/L (3.2 mug/g creatinine), respectively. The frequency of detection of TCAA in urban areas was higher than in rural areas (p = 0.00007), and sex and place of residence (i.e., urban vs. rural) were found to have a significant interaction in modulating the levels of TCAA (p = 0.012). Urban residents had higher mean levels of TCAA (men, 5.3 mug/L, 3.8 mug/g creatinine; women, 2.9 mug/L, 2.8 mug/g creatinine) than did rural residents (men, 2.2 mug/L, 1.7 mug/g creatinine; women, 2.6 mug/L, 2.7 mug/g creatinine). The higher frequency of detection of TCAA in urban than in rural areas and higher levels of TCAA among urban than among rural residents may reflect the fact that urban residents use primarily chlorinated water from public water supplies, whereas those in rural areas are more likely to obtain water from private wells, which typically are not chlorinated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Calafat, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 111 IS 2 BP 151 EP 154 DI 10.1289/ehp.5644 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 645EN UT WOS:000180963400025 PM 12573897 ER PT J AU Cantor, KP Strickland, PT Brock, JW Bush, D Helzlsouer, K Needham, LL Zahm, SH Comstock, GW Rothman, N AF Cantor, KP Strickland, PT Brock, JW Bush, D Helzlsouer, K Needham, LL Zahm, SH Comstock, GW Rothman, N TI Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and prediagnostic serum organochlorines: beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, chlordane/heptachlor-related compounds, dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE chlordane; dieldrin; heptachlor; hexachlorobenzene; hexachlorocyclohexane; lindane; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; organochlorine ID PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING PLANTS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; APLASTIC-ANEMIA; BONE-MARROW; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE; LEUKEMIA; CANCER AB Increases in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) incidence and mortality rates during the past few decades remain largely unexplained. Studies suggest that organochlorine pesticides may contribute to an increased risk of NHL. In 1974, serum samples were obtained from 25,802 participants in the Campaign Against Cancer and Stroke in Washington County, Maryland (USA), and cryopreserved for future study. We measured prediagnostic levels of chlordane, lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane, transnonachlor, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane, dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene in serum samples of 74 cases of NHL and 147 matched controls. Previously, we found an association between NHL and serum levels of total PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), but not DDT (dichlorodiphenyttrichloroethane) and related compounds. In this instance, there was no evidence of an association between NHL risk and serum levels of any of the individual lipid- and recovery-corrected organochlorines that we evaluated, nor of the summed chlordane-related compounds (transnonachlor, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, oxychlordane). These findings do not support the hypothesis that the organochlorine compounds included in this study are strongly linked to the development of NHL. The possibaity of a weak association cannot be excluded by these data. C1 NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Cantor, KP (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS-8106, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA60754]; NHLBI NIH HHS [HL21670] NR 38 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 111 IS 2 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1289/ehp.4347 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 645EN UT WOS:000180963400030 PM 12573902 ER PT J AU Perera, FP Rauh, V Tsai, WY Kinney, P Camann, D Barr, D Bernert, T Garfinkel, R Tu, YH Diaz, D Dietrich, J Whyatt, RM AF Perera, FP Rauh, V Tsai, WY Kinney, P Camann, D Barr, D Bernert, T Garfinkel, R Tu, YH Diaz, D Dietrich, J Whyatt, RM TI Effects of transplacental exposure to environmental pollutants on birth outcomes in a multiethnic population SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE birth outcomes; development; environmental; ETS; PAH; pesticides; pollutants; prenatal ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TOBACCO-SMOKE; AIR-POLLUTION; CHLORPYRIFOS; WEIGHT; COTININE; CHILDREN; AGE; BENZO(A)PYRENE; PESTICIDES AB Inner-city, minority populations are high-risk groups for adverse birth outcomes and also are more likely to be exposed to environmental contaminants, including environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides. In a sample of 263 nonsmoking African-American and Dominican women, we evaluated the effects on birth outcomes of prenatal exposure to airborne PAHs monitored during pregnancy by personal air sampling, along with ETS estimated by plasma cotinine, and an organophosphate pesticide (OP) estimated by plasma chlorpyrifos (CPF). Plasma CPF was used as a covariate because it was the most often detected in plasma and was highly correlated with other pesticides frequently detected in plasma. Among African Americans, high prenatal exposure to PAHs was associated with lower birth weight (p = 0.003) and smaller head circumference (p = 0.01) after adjusting for potential confounders. CPF was associated with decreased birth weight and birth length overall (p = 0.01 and p = 0.003, respectively) and with lower birth weight among African Americans (p = 0.04) and reduced birth length in Dominicans (p < 0.001), and was therefore included as a covariate in the model with PAH. After controlling for CPF, relationships between PAHs and birth outcomes were essentially unchanged. In this analysis, PAHs and CPF appear to be significant independent determinants of birth outcomes. Further analyses of pesticides will be carried out. Possible explanations of the failure to find a significant effect of PAHs in the Hispanic subsample are discussed. This study provides evidence that environmental pollutants at levels currently encountered in New York City adversely affect fetal development. C1 Columbia Univ, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. SW Res Inst, Dept Analyt & Environm Chem, San Antonio, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Perera, FP (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, 60 Haven Ave,B-109, New York, NY 10032 USA. RI Kinney, Patrick/H-7914-2012 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES009600, P50 ES09600, R01 ES008977, R01 ES08977, R01 ES10165] NR 56 TC 322 Z9 334 U1 6 U2 26 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 111 IS 2 BP 201 EP 205 DI 10.1289/ehp.5742 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 645EN UT WOS:000180963400034 PM 12573906 ER PT J AU Kaufmann, RB Staes, CJ Matte, TD AF Kaufmann, RB Staes, CJ Matte, TD TI Deaths related to lead poisoning in the United States, 1979-1998 SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lead poisoning; mortality; epidemiology; human; United States ID BLOOD LEAD; HEALTH; NHANES; GOUT AB This study was conducted to describe trends in US lead poisoning-related deaths between 1979 and 1998. The predictive value of relevant ICD-9 codes was also evaluated. Multiple cause-of-death files were searched for records containing relevant ICD-9 codes, and underlying causes and demographic characteristics were assessed. For 1979-1988, death certificates were reviewed; lead source information was abstracted and accuracy of coding was determined. An estimated 200 lead poisoning-related deaths occurred from 1979 to 1998. Most were among males (74%), Blacks (67%), adults of age greater than or equal to45 years (76%), and Southerners (70%). The death rate was significantly lower in more recent years. An alcohol-related code was a contributing cause for 28% of adults. Only three of nine ICD-9 codes for lead poisoning were highly predictive of lead poisoning-related deaths. In conclusion, lead poisoning-related death rates have dropped dramatically since earlier decades and are continuing to decline. However, the findings imply that moonshine ingestion remains a source of high-dose lead exposure in adults. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Dept Med Informat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Kaufmann, RB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 36 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 BP 78 EP 84 AR PII S0013-9351(02)00017-8 DI 10.1016/S0013-9351(02)00017-8 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 648MN UT WOS:000181155300003 PM 12584008 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Bleasdale, SC Magnano, AR Landrigan, C Holland, BH Tauxe, RV Mintz, ED Luby, S AF Olsen, SJ Bleasdale, SC Magnano, AR Landrigan, C Holland, BH Tauxe, RV Mintz, ED Luby, S TI Outbreaks of typhoid fever in the United States, 1960-99 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; SALMONELLA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FLORIDA AB Although the incidence of typhoid fever in the United States has been low since the 1940s, Salmonella Typhi continues to cause outbreaks. We reviewed reported outbreaks of typhoid fever from 1960 to 1999. There were 60 outbreaks; in 54, exposure occurred within the United States. These 54 outbreaks accounted for 957 total cases (median 10) and 4 deaths. In 36 (67%) outbreaks the route of transmission was identified, and in 16 (62%) of the 26 foodborne outbreaks an asymptomatic carrier was identified by culture or serology. The median incubation period was 2 weeks. Isolates from 10 (40%) of 25 outbreaks were phage type E1. The average frequency of outbreaks decreased from 1.85/year during 1960-79 to 0.85/year during 1980-99 (P=0.0001). S. Typhi outbreaks in the United States are generally small in size but can cause significant morbidity, and are often foodborne, warranting thorough investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Amer Embassy, CDC Box 68, APO, AP 96546 USA. NR 32 TC 33 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 130 IS 1 BP 13 EP 21 DI 10.1017/S0950268802007598 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 672DY UT WOS:000182506900002 PM 12613741 ER PT J AU Banyai, K Gentsch, JR Glass, RI Szucs, G AF Banyai, K Gentsch, JR Glass, RI Szucs, G TI Detection of human rotavirus serotype G6 in Hungary SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RHESUS ROTAVIRUS; SURFACE-PROTEINS; UNITED-STATES; STRAINS; INFANTS; IDENTIFICATION; CHILDREN; BOVINE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB During an ongoing survey of human rotavirus serotypes, we demonstrated for the first time the circulation of serotype G6 in two regions of Hungary. Of five rotavirus seasons surveyed to date (1994-9), serotype G6 was found in all seasons except 1994-5 at an overall prevalence of 1.4 % (17 of 1252) and ranging from 0.6 to 4.5 %. Children infected with G6 strains were older (mean age, 3.3 years) than children infected with the four (G1-G4) globally common serotypes (mean age, 2.1 years; unpaired Student's t test, P < 0.001). Our data indicate that rotavirus serotype G6 may be an epidemiologically important G serotype in Hungary. C1 State Publ Hlth Serv, Baranya Cty Inst, Reg Lab Virol, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Szucs, G (reprint author), State Publ Hlth Serv, Baranya Cty Inst, Reg Lab Virol, Szabadsag Ut 7, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary. OI Banyai, Krisztian/0000-0002-6270-1772 NR 38 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 130 IS 1 BP 107 EP 112 DI 10.1016/S0950268802007975 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 672DY UT WOS:000182506900013 PM 12613752 ER PT J AU Holmberg, M Mills, JN McGill, S Benjamin, G Ellis, BA AF Holmberg, M Mills, JN McGill, S Benjamin, G Ellis, BA TI Bartonella infection in sylvatic small mammals of central Sweden SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE; HOST-SPECIFICITY; SP. NOV.; DIFFERENTIATION; GRAHAMELLA; RODENTS; DISEASE; BLOOD; RATS; PCR AB Sylvatic small mammals were captured in rural habitats near Uppsala, Sweden, to measure the prevalence of bartonella infections, characterize bacterial isolates and identify their host range, and increase our understanding of host-pathogen ecology. During 7 nights of trapping at 3 localities, 236 small mammals were captured (trap success 30 %). Bartonella were isolated from bloods of Apodemus flavicollis (19 of 110 tested), Apodemus sylvaticus (6/25), Clethrionomys glareolus (9/60), Microtus agrestis (1/3), Mus musculus (1/18), and Sorex araneus (3/20). Nucleotide sequencing (a 338 bp fragment of the gltA gene) of 40 isolates yielded 6 unique genotypes. Five of the 6 genotypes were most similar to other known bartonella isolated from Old World small-mammal hosts. The most frequent genotype (83 %) was isolated from A. flavicollis and M. musculus and was identical to Bartonella grahamii, a recently demonstrated human pathogen. These two hosts were most frequently captured in and around human structures and work places, thus providing conditions that could potentially lead to frequent human infections. C1 Univ Uppsala Hosp, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Med Sci, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holmberg, M (reprint author), Univ Uppsala Hosp, Infect Dis Sect, Dept Med Sci, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 25 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 130 IS 1 BP 149 EP 157 DI 10.1017/S0950268802008075 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 672DY UT WOS:000182506900017 PM 12613756 ER PT J AU Grandjean, P Budtz-Jorgensen, E Steuerwald, U Heinzow, B Needham, LL Jorgensen, PJ Weihe, P AF Grandjean, P Budtz-Jorgensen, E Steuerwald, U Heinzow, B Needham, LL Jorgensen, PJ Weihe, P TI Attenuated growth of breast-fed children exposed to increased concentrations of methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE body weight; eicosapentaenoic acid; diet; postnatal growth; prenatal exposure delayed effects ID MATERNAL SEAFOOD DIET; HUMAN-MILK; BIRTH-WEIGHT; FATTY-ACIDS; IN-UTERO; MERCURY; PCBS; SIZE; INFANTS; FOOD AB Breast-feeding has been linked to slowed postnatal growth. Although the basis for this "weanling's dilemma" is unclear, environmental contaminants in human milk may be of relevance. We studied a Faroese birth cohort of 182 singleton children, born at term in 1994-95. Concentrations of mercury in cord blood and of polychlorinated biphenyls in maternal milk were measured, and duration of breast-feeding was recorded. At 18 months, children who had been exclusively breast-fed for at least 6 months weighed 0.59 kg less [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.03, 1.16 kg] and were 1.50 cm [95% CI = 0.52, 2.47 cm] shorter than those not breast-fed. However, calculated transfer of contaminants from human milk fully explained the attenuated growth. Irrespective of duration of breast-feeding, a doubling of the mercury concentration in cord blood was associated with a decrease in weight at 18 months by 0.19 kg (95% CI = 0.03, 0.35 kg) and in height by 0.26 cm (95% CI = 0.02, 0.55 cm). Weight and height at 42 months showed the same tendencies, but the main effect occurred before 18 months of age. Thus, in communities with increased contaminant exposures, risks associated with lactational transfer of toxicants to the infant must be considered when judging the benefits of prolonged breast-feeding. C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Odense, Denmark. Univ Copenhagen, Panum Inst, Dept Biostat, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. Faroese Hosp Syst, Dept Occupat & Publ Hlth, Torshavn, Faroe Isl, Denmark. State Agcy Hlth & Occupat Safety Schleswig Holste, Flintbek, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Biochem, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark. RP Grandjean, P (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM pgrandjean@health.sdu.dk RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; OI Grandjean, Philippe/0000-0003-4046-9658 NR 45 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 699 EP + DI 10.1096/fj.02-0661fje PG 15 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 653VC UT WOS:000181456900023 PM 12586743 ER PT J AU Stanfill, SB Calafat, AM Brown, CR Polzin, GM Chiang, JM Watson, CH Ashley, DL AF Stanfill, SB Calafat, AM Brown, CR Polzin, GM Chiang, JM Watson, CH Ashley, DL TI Concentrations of nine alkenylbenzenes, coumarin, piperonal and pulegone in Indian bidi cigarette tobacco SO FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bidi cigarettes; flavors; alkenylbenzenes; coumarin; pulegone; piperonal; solid phase microextraction; gas chromatography; mass spectrometry; selected ion monitoring ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; SMOKE; PRODUCTS; CARCINOGENICITY; TOXICITY; HEPATOTOXICITY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COMPONENTS; MAINSTREAM; CANCER AB Indian-made bidi cigarettes sold in the United States are available in a variety of exotic (e.g. clove, mango) and candy-like (e.g. chocolate, raspberry) flavors. Because certain tobacco flavorings contain alkenylbenzenes and other toxic or carcinogenic chemicals, we measured the concentration of flavor-related compounds in bidi tobacco using a previously developed method. Twenty-three brands of bidis were sampled using automated headspace solid-phase microextraction and subsequently analyzed for 1:2 compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two alkenylbenzene compounds, trans-anethole and eugenol, were found in greater than 90% of the brands analyzed. Methyleugenol, pulegone and estragole were each detected in 30% or more of the brands, whereas safrole and elemicin were not detected in any of the brands. The flavor-related compounds with the highest tobacco concentrations were eugenol (12,000 mug/g tobacco) and trans-anethole (2200 mug/g tobacco). The highest eugenol and trans-anethole concentrations found in bidi tobacco were about 70,000 and 7500 times greater, respectively, than the highest levels previously found in US cigarette brands. Measurement of these compounds is crucial to evaluation of potential risks associated with inhaling highly concentrated flavor-related compounds from bidis or other tobacco products. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 US CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Sci Lab,Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Br, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Organ Analyt Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stanfill, SB (reprint author), US CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Sci Lab,Emergency Response & Air Toxicants Br, Mailstop F-19,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-6915 J9 FOOD CHEM TOXICOL JI Food Chem. Toxicol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 303 EP 317 AR PII S0278-6915(02)00230-2 DI 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00230-2 PG 15 WC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology SC Food Science & Technology; Toxicology GA 635XN UT WOS:000180425600011 PM 12480305 ER PT J AU Elbasha, EH AF Elbasha, EH TI Deadweight loss of bacterial resistance due to overtreatment SO HEALTH ECONOMICS LA English DT Article DE deadweight loss; antibiotic resistance; taxes; oligopoly ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; OTITIS-MEDIA; COST; HOSPITALS; PATHOGENS; DEMAND; TRENDS AB Widespread use of antibiotics is considered the major driving force behind the development of antibiotic resistance. The benefits of exceeding the welfare-maximizing level of antibiotic use are below the costs of resistance created by this excess quantity of antibiotics used, thereby resulting in a welfare deadweight loss. This paper uses a simple economic model to examine the theoretical and empirical aspects of the welfare loss generated by resistance and analyzes its policy implications. The annual deadweight loss associated with outpatient prescriptions for amoxicillin in the United States is estimated at $225 million. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Elbasha, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1057-9230 J9 HEALTH ECON JI Health Econ. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 12 IS 2 BP 125 EP 138 DI 10.1002/hec.702 PG 14 WC Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Business & Economics; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 645XH UT WOS:000181005400004 PM 12563660 ER PT J AU Abroms, L Jorgensen, CM Southwell, BG Geller, AC Emmons, KM AF Abroms, L Jorgensen, CM Southwell, BG Geller, AC Emmons, KM TI Gender differences in young adults' beliefs about sunscreen use SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE gender differences; young adults; sun protection; sunscreen use ID SUN PROTECTION BEHAVIORS; SKIN-CANCER; EXPOSURE; KNOWLEDGE; ATTITUDES; ADOLESCENTS; POPULATION; INTENTIONS; TOUCH; RISK AB This study employs focus group methodology to explore gender differences in sunscreen use. Guided by the theory of reasoned action, males and females were found to differ on each of the following constructs: behavior, behavioral beliefs, and normative beliefs. Males and females differed in their sunscreen use, with females adopting a more preventive style of sunscreen use and males a more reactive style. Males and females differed in their salient beliefs that motivated their sunscreen use, many of which were related to traditional American gender roles. In addition, although males and females were aware of both positive and negative sources of normative beliefs regarding sunscreen use, females received more encouragement from their mothers and peers than males. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the design of future interventions. C1 Dana Farber Canc Inst, Div Community Based Res, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Canc Prevent & Control Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Journalism & Mass Commun, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Commun & Behav Sci Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth & Social Behav, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Jorgensen, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Commun & Behav Sci Branch, MS K-48,4770 Bufford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU PHS HHS [T260] NR 29 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 29 EP 43 DI 10.1177/1090198102239257 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 638JB UT WOS:000180566900002 PM 12564666 ER PT J AU Brady, TJ Kruger, J Helmick, CG Callahan, LF Boutaugh, ML AF Brady, TJ Kruger, J Helmick, CG Callahan, LF Boutaugh, ML TI Intervention programs for arthritis and other rheumatic diseases SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE arthritis; interventions; exercise therapy; program evaluation; self-management ID SELF-HELP COURSE; PATIENT EDUCATION; MANAGEMENT; EXERCISE; OUTCOMES; FITNESS; HEALTH; TRIAL AB Disability reduction or prevention programs for people with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions reduce long-term pain and disability but reach only a fraction of their target audience. Few public health professionals are aware of these programs or their benefits. The objective of this study is to review and describe packaged (ready-to-use) arthritis self-management education and exercise/physical activity programs that have had at least preliminary evaluation. Nine intervention programs (five self-management education programs, and four exercise/physical activity programs met study criteria). Several of the packaged arthritis interventions reviewed help people with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions maximize their abilities and reduce pain, functional limitations, and other arthritis-related problems. Other packaged interventions show promise in reducing pain, disability, and depression and in increasing self-care behaviors, but they need to be evaluated more extensively. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Arthrit Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthrit Res Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brady, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 48 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 2 U2 8 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 44 EP 63 DI 10.1177/1090198102239258 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 638JB UT WOS:000180566900003 PM 12564667 ER PT J AU Schulte, P AF Schulte, P TI Challenges for risk assessors SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NIOSH Workshop on Research to Improve Risk Assessment Methods CY AUG 16-18, 2002 CL ASPEN, COLORADO SP NIOSH DE risk assessment; models; uncertainty; mechanisms; genomics ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; TOXICOLOGY; WORKSHOP; CRITERIA AB At the early part of the 21(st) century, occupational safety and health risk assessors face a variety of challenges. In addition to technical issues, the challenges for risk assessors include: assessment of risks of mixtures/and synergistic effects; incorporation of biological information into risk assessments; development of different ways of presenting risk information to better inform policy makers and the public; better expressions of uncertainty and assumptions; and harmonization of assessments across agencies and countries. All of these challenges will occur against a background of unfolding understanding of human and other genomes. Risk assessors will be motivated and pressured to use genomic and related technologies, but ethical, social, and technical issues need to be addressed before widespread use. C1 NIOSH, Robert Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schulte, P (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert Taft Labs, MS C14,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1080/713609874 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 651DU UT WOS:000181305900028 ER PT J AU Yang, J Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Tondella, ML Talkington, DF AF Yang, J Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Tondella, ML Talkington, DF TI Induction of proinflammatory Cytokines in human lung epithelial cells during Chlamydia pneumoniae infection SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; NF-KAPPA-B; INTERLEUKIN-8 IL-8; GAMMA-INTERFERON; HEP-2 CELLS; RESPIRATORY-TRACT; SMOOTH-MUSCLE; TNF-ALPHA AB Chlamydia pneumoniae is an obligate intracellular human pathogen that causes acute respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and bronchitis. Previous studies have established that C. pneumoniae can induce cytokines in mouse and/or human cells, but little information is available on the cytokine response of respiratory epithelial cells, a first line of infection. In this study, heparin treatment of C. pneumoniae significantly reduced its ability to induce interleukin 8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA in human lung carcinoma cells, indicating that cytadherence is an important early stimulus for induction of proinflammatory mediators. Although the IL-8, gamma interferon, and TNF-alpha message was consistently induced by infection of A549 cells not treated with heparin, only an elevation of IL-8 protein was detected in A549 supernatants. A549 IL-beta and IL-6 mRNA and supernatant protein profiles were not significantly changed by infection. Heat or UV inactivation of C. pneumoniae only partially reduced the cytokine response, and inhibition of C. pneumoniae protein or DNA synthesis did not affect its ability to induce cytokine gene expression. To prevent stress-induced cytokine release by the A549 cells, centrifugation was not utilized for infection experiments. These experiments establish the importance of cytadherence in cytokine release by cells of respiratory epithelial origin and suggest that further work in the area of cytokine mediators is warranted to gain valuable pathogenic and therapeutic insights. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS,Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lad Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Talkington, DF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop G03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 52 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 71 IS 2 BP 614 EP 620 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.2.614-620-2003 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 639PZ UT WOS:000180639600005 PM 12540537 ER PT J AU Do, AN Ciesielski, CA Metler, RP Hammett, TA Li, JM Fleming, PL AF Do, AN Ciesielski, CA Metler, RP Hammett, TA Li, JM Fleming, PL TI Occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Infection: National case surveillance data during 20 years of the HIV epidemic in the United States SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; MOTHER-TO-INFANT; UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS; NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; SHARPS CONTAINERS; VIRAL LOAD; BLOOD; RISK; AIDS; TYPE-1 AB OBJECTIVE: To characterize occupationally acquired human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection detected through case surveillance efforts in the United States. DESIGN: National surveillance systems, based on voluntary case reporting. SETTING: Healthcare or laboratory (clinical or research) settings. PATIENTS: Healthcare workers, defined as individuals employed in healthcare or laboratory settings (including students and trainees), who are infected with HIV. METHODS: Review of data reported through December 2001 in the HIV/AIDS Reporting System and the National Surveillance for Occupationally Acquired HI-V Infection. RESULTS: Of 57 healthcare workers with documented occupationally acquired HIV infection, most (86%) were exposed to blood, and most (88%) had percutaneous injuries. The circumstances varied among 51 percutaneous injuries, with the largest proportion (41%) occurring after a procedure, 35% occurring during a procedure, and 20% occurring during disposal of sharp objects. Unexpected circumstances difficult to anticipate during or after procedures accounted for 20% of all injuries. Of 55 known source patients, most (69%) had acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) at the time of occupational exposure, but some (11916) had asymptomatic HIV infection. Eight (14%) of the healthcare workers were infected despite receiving postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). CONCLUSIONS: Prevention strategies for occupationally acquired HIV infection should continue to emphasize avoiding blood exposures. Healthcare workers should be educated about both the benefits and the limitations of PEP, which does not always prevent HIV infection following an exposure. Technologic advances (eg, safety-engineered devices) may further enhance safety in the healthcare workplace. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Do, AN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 65 TC 91 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 6 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 86 EP 96 DI 10.1086/502178 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 645ND UT WOS:000180983700002 PM 12602690 ER PT J AU Alvarado-Ramy, F Beltrami, EM Short, LJ Srivastava, PU Henry, K Mendelson, M Gerberding, JL Delclos, GL Campbell, S Solomon, R Fahrner, R Culver, DH Bell, D Cardo, DM Chamberland, ME AF Alvarado-Ramy, F Beltrami, EM Short, LJ Srivastava, PU Henry, K Mendelson, M Gerberding, JL Delclos, GL Campbell, S Solomon, R Fahrner, R Culver, DH Bell, D Cardo, DM Chamberland, ME TI A comprehensive approach to percutaneous injury prevention during phlebotomy: Results of a multicenter study, 1993-1995 SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEEDLESTICK INJURIES AB OBJECTIVE: To examine a comprehensive approach for preventing percutaneous injuries associated with phlebotomy procedures. DESIGN AND SETTING: From 1993 through 1995, personnel at 10 university-affiliated hospitals enhanced surveillance and assessed underreporting of percutaneous injuries; selected, implemented, and evaluated the efficacy of phlebotomy devices with safety features (ie, engineered sharps injury prevention devices [ESIPDs]); and assessed healthcare worker satisfaction with ESIPDs. Investigators also evaluated the preventability of a subset of percutaneous injuries and conducted an audit of sharps disposal containers to quantify activation rates for devices with safety features. RESULTS: The three selected phlebotomy devices with safety features reduced percutaneous injury rates compared with conventional devices. Activation rates varied according to ease of use, healthcare worker preference for ESIPDs, perceived "patient adverse events," and device-specific training. CONCLUSIONS: Device-specific features and healthcare worker training and involvement in the selection of ESIPDs affect the activation rates for ESIPDs and therefore their efficacy. The implementation of ESIPDs is a useful measure in a comprehensive program to reduce percutaneous injuries associated with phlebotomy procedures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Regions Hosp, HIV Program, St Paul, MN USA. Mt Sinai Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Cardo, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-68,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 97 EP 104 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 645ND UT WOS:000180983700003 PM 12602691 ER PT J AU Krause, G Trepka, MJ Whisenhunt, RS Katz, D Nainan, O Wiersma, ST Hopkins, RS AF Krause, G Trepka, MJ Whisenhunt, RS Katz, D Nainan, O Wiersma, ST Hopkins, RS TI Nosocomial transmission of hepatitis C virus associated with the use of multidose saline vials SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TO-PATIENT TRANSMISSION; COMMON-SOURCE OUTBREAK; HEMODIALYSIS UNIT; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MOLECULAR EVIDENCE; INFECTION; BLOOD; WARD AB OBJECTIVE: To identify the source of an outbreak of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among 3 patients occurring within 8 weeks of hospitalization in the same ward of a Florida hospital during November 1998. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 41 patients hospitalized between November 11 and 19, 1998. Patients' blood was tested for antibodies to HCV, and HCV RNA-positive samples wore genotyped and sequenced. RESULTS: Of the 41 patients, 24 (59%) participated in the study. HCV genotype 1b infections were found in 5 patients. Three of 4 patients who received saline flushes from a multidose saline vial on November 16 had acute HCV infection, whereas none of the 9 patients who did not receive saline flushes had HCV infection (P =.01). No other significant exposures were identified. The HCV sequence was available for 1 case of acute HCV and differed by a single nucleotide (0.3%) from that of the indeterminate case. CONCLUSION: This outbreak of HCV probably occurred when a multidose saline vial was contaminated with blood from an HCV-infected patient. Hospitals should emphasize adherence to standard procedures to prevent blood-borne infections. In addition, the use of single-dose vials or prefilled saline syringes might further reduce the risk for nosocomial transmission of bloodborne pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, State Branch, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL USA. Miami Dade Cty Hlth Dept, Miami, FL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Krause, G (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, Seestr 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. OI Krause, Gerard/0000-0003-3328-8808 NR 38 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 122 EP 127 DI 10.1086/502176 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 645ND UT WOS:000180983700006 PM 12602694 ER PT J AU Mujeeb, SA Adil, MM Altaf, A Shah, SA Luby, S AF Mujeeb, SA Adil, MM Altaf, A Shah, SA Luby, S TI Infection control practices in clinical laboratories in Pakistan SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Clinical laboratories in Karachi, Pakistan, were evaluated for adherence to standard precautions using an observational checklist. Among 44 laboratories, gloves were used in 2, protective gowns in 12, disinfectant in 7, and an incinerator in 7. Standard worker safety precautions are not followed at major clinical laboratories in Karachi. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Jinnah Post Grad Med Ctr, Karachi, Pakistan. Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. Sindh AIDS Control Program, Karachi, Pakistan. RP Luby, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 141 EP 142 DI 10.1086/502173 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 645ND UT WOS:000180983700011 ER PT J AU Mujeeb, SA Adil, MM Altaf, A Hutin, Y Luby, S AF Mujeeb, SA Adil, MM Altaf, A Hutin, Y Luby, S TI Recycling of injection equipment in Pakistan SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEPATITIS-C INFECTION; HAFIZABAD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. World Hlth Org, Geneva, Switzerland. Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. Jinnah Post Grad Med Ctr, Karachi, Pakistan. RP Luby, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 24 IS 2 BP 145 EP 146 DI 10.1086/502175 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 645ND UT WOS:000180983700013 ER PT J AU Chapman, DP Currier, GW Miller, JK Anda, RF AF Chapman, DP Currier, GW Miller, JK Anda, RF TI Medication-induced emergency hospitalizations for psychiatric disorders among older adults in the US SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE aged; psychotropic medications; hospitalization; emergency; psychiatric disorders C1 Univ Rochester, Med Ctr, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPHP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Chapman, DP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Emerging Invest & Analyt Methods Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-67, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0885-6230 J9 INT J GERIATR PSYCH JI Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 185 EP 186 DI 10.1002/gps.780 PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology; Psychiatry SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Psychiatry GA 648WT UT WOS:000181174500015 PM 12571830 ER PT J AU LoBue, PA Betacourt, W Peter, C Moser, KS AF LoBue, PA Betacourt, W Peter, C Moser, KS TI Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis disease in San Diego County, 1994-2000 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; Mycobacterium bovis; epidemiology ID HUMAN TUBERCULOSIS; ENGLAND AB SETTING: Local public health department. OBJECTIVE: To examine the current epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis disease in San Diego County and to compare patient characteristics to those of patients with M. tuberculosis disease. DESIGN: Retrospective review of surveillance and epidemiologic data. RESULTS: Between 1994 and 2000, 1931 evaluable cases of culture-positive TB were identified; 129 were infected with M. bovis and 1802 were infected with M. tuberculosis. More than 90% of M. bovis cases occurred in Hispanic persons. About 25% of patients were children, and the main site of disease was extra-pulmonary in 53% of patients. Twenty-three per cent had concur-rent HIV infection. Compared to patients with M. tuberculosis, patients with M. bovis were more likely to be Hispanic, aged 0-14 years, have extra-pulmonary disease, or have HIV co-infection in a multivariate model. They were less likely to be born in countries outside of the US or Mexico. CONCLUSION: While human disease due to M. bovis has essentially been eliminated in many parts of the US and other industrialized countries, it persists in certain demographic groups, including Hispanic children and HIV-infected adults, in San Diego County. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, TB Control Program, San Diego, CA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Publ Hlth Lab, San Diego, CA USA. RP LoBue, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 19 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 7 IS 2 BP 180 EP 185 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 642FP UT WOS:000180793800013 PM 12588020 ER PT J AU O'Brien, RJ Talbot, EA AF O'Brien, RJ Talbot, EA TI The utility of an antibiotic trial for diagnosis of AFB-negative tuberculosis SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Brien, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 7 IS 2 BP 198 EP 198 PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 642FP UT WOS:000180793800017 PM 12588024 ER PT J AU Bardeguez, AD Shapiro, DE Mofenson, LM Coombs, R Frenkel, LM Fowler, MG Huang, S Sperling, RS Cunningham, B Gandia, J Maupin, R Zorrilla, CD Jones, T O'Sullivan, MJ AF Bardeguez, AD Shapiro, DE Mofenson, LM Coombs, R Frenkel, LM Fowler, MG Huang, S Sperling, RS Cunningham, B Gandia, J Maupin, R Zorrilla, CD Jones, T O'Sullivan, MJ CA Pediat AIDS Clinical Trials Grp 28 TI Effect of cessation of zidovudine prophylaxis to reduce vertical transmission on maternal HIV disease progression and survival SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE women; PACTG 076 protocol; genotypic resistance; disease progression; antiretroviral therapy; ZDV chemoprophylaxis; perinatal transmission ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MOTHER-TO-INFANT; TYPE-1 RNA; VIRAL LOAD; INFECTED WOMEN; RESISTANCE; AIDS; MUTATIONS; THERAPY; PLASMA AB Zidovudine prophylaxis is recommended to reduce perinatal HIV-1 transmission, but there are limited data on long-term effects on women's health. Pediatrics AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 288 was a prospective observational study among US women randomized to zidovudine or placebo in PACTG 076 that was designed to evaluate and compare postpartum clinical, immune, and viral parameters between randomized treatment arms. Forty-eight percent (226/474) of eligible women enrolled in the study (mean follow-up of 4.1 years). Progression and time to AIDS or death were similar in both groups, observed in 21 (19%) zidovudine group women and 29 (25%) placebo group women (RR = 0.73, 90% CI: 0.46-1.17). No significant differences in CD4(+) lymphocyte count or HIV RNA levels were detected. Genotypic zidovudine resistance was detected in 10% of 156 women (9% of zidovudine group women and 11% of placebo group women). Based on our data, ZDV monotherapy could be considered as chemoprophylaxis to reduce perinatal HIV transmission for minimally symptomatic HIV-infected pregnant women with a low viral load and normal CD4(+) cell count who do not want to receive highly active antiretroviral therapy because of concern about potential side effects or who wish to reduce fetal exposure to multiple drugs during pregnancy. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, MSB, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NICHHD, Rockville, MD USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. Merck Pharmaceut Co, Whitehouse Stn, NJ USA. Frontier Sci & Technol Res Fdn Inc, Amherst, NY USA. San Juan City Hosp, San Juan, PR USA. Louisiana State Univ Hlth Sci, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Puerto Rico, Sch Med, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Bardeguez, AD (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Womens Hlth, MSB, E-506,185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. OI Mofenson, Lynne/0000-0002-2818-9808 NR 28 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 170 EP 181 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 643BU UT WOS:000180842700009 PM 12571527 ER PT J AU Nesheim, S Palumbo, P Sullivan, K Lee, F Vink, P Abrams, E Bulterys, M AF Nesheim, S Palumbo, P Sullivan, K Lee, F Vink, P Abrams, E Bulterys, M TI Quantitative RNA testing for diagnosis of HIV-infected infants SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Conference on Global Strategies for the Prevention of HIV Transmission from Mothers to Infants CY SEP 01-06, 1999 CL MONTREAL, CANADA SP Glaxo Welcome DE diagnosis; infants; viral load ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; VIRAL LOAD; ZIDOVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; ASSAYS AB Quantitative HIV RNA testing was used for diagnosis in 156 HIV-exposed non-breast-fed infants at less than 6 months of age (54 infected, 102 uninfected) enrolled in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study. Sensitivity was 29% in the first week, 79% at 8 to 28 days of age, and >90% at 29 days of age and thereafter; specificity was 100% in all periods, except at 29 to 60 days of age, when specificity was 93%. Neither sensitivity nor specificity was significantly affected by maternal or infant zidovudine (ZDV) treatment, even though infant viral loads were lower during the first 6 weeks in infants who received perinatal ZDV prophylaxis (p =.005). Paired analysis of DNA and RNA measurements revealed no advantage for either test. Quantitative RNA testing an be used for diagnosis in HIV-exposed infants, recognizing the chance for a false-positive test result. It may be most useful as a confirmatory test in infants with another positive diagnostic test result. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Med, New York, NY 10027 USA. US PHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nesheim, S (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30335 USA. EM steve_nesheim@oz.ped.emory.edu FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU404456-08] NR 16 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 EI 1077-9450 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 192 EP 195 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 643BU UT WOS:000180842700011 PM 12571529 ER PT J AU Gardner, LI Holmberg, SD Williamson, JM Szczech, LA Carpenter, CCJ Rompalo, AM Schuman, P Klein, RS AF Gardner, LI Holmberg, SD Williamson, JM Szczech, LA Carpenter, CCJ Rompalo, AM Schuman, P Klein, RS CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Development of proteinuria or elevated serum creatinine and mortality in HIV-infected women SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV epidemiology; HIV and women; HIV-associated nephropathy; HIV-associated renal abnormalities ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; CONVERTING ENZYME-INHIBITION; NATIONAL DEATH INDEX; DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY; VIRUS INFECTION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVIVAL; COHORT; AIDS AB Background: Data on the incidence and prognostic significance of renal dysfunction in HIV disease are limited. Objective: To determine the incidence of proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine in HIV-positive and HIV-negative women and to determine whether these abnormalities are predictors of mortality or associated with causes of death listed on the death certificate in HIV-positive women. Design: The incidence of proteinuria or elevated serum creatinine and mortality was assessed in a cohort of 885 HIV-positive women and 425 at-risk HIV-negative women. Setting: Women from the general community or HIV care clinics in four urban locations in the United States. Outcome Measures: Creatinine of greater than or equal to1.4 mg/dL, proteinuria 2(+) or more, or both. Deaths confirmed by a death certificate (92%) or medical record/community report (8%). Results: At baseline, 64 (7.2%) HIV-positive women and 10 (2.4%) HIV-negative women had proteinuria or elevated creatinine. An additional 128 (14%) HIV-positive women and 18 (4%) HIV-negative women developed these abnormalities over the next (mean) 21 months. Relative hazards of mortality were significantly increased (adjusted relative hazard = 2.5; 95% confidence interval: 1.9-3.3), and there were more renal causes recorded on death certificates (24/92 (26%) vs. 3/127 (2.7%), p < .0001) in HIV-infected women with, compared with those without these renal abnormalities. Conclusions: Proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine, or both frequently occurred in these HIV-infected women, These renal abnormalities in HIV-infected women are associated with an increased risk of death after controlling for other risk factors and with an increased likelihood of having renal causes listed on the death certificate. The recognition and management of proteinuria and elevated serum creatinine should be a priority for HIV-infected persons. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. RP Gardner, LI (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 106 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 203 EP 209 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 643BU UT WOS:000180842700013 PM 12571531 ER PT J AU Nakashima, AK Fleming, PL AF Nakashima, AK Fleming, PL TI HIV/AIDS surveillance in the United States, 1981-2001 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on International Perspectives on HIV/AIDS Surveillance CY 1999 CL TOKYO, JAPAN DE HIV; AIDS; surveillance ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMITTED DISEASE CLINICS; AIDS LITIGATION PROJECT; ENTERING DRUG-TREATMENT; HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; NEW-YORK-CITY; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; TRENDS; PREVALENCE AB We review the HIV/AIDS reporting system, including the legal basis for reporting, the methods and infrastructure for reporting, evaluation of the completeness and quality of the data, and analysis and dissemination of reports. Other information systems (e.g., seroprevalence surveys and behavioral surveys) that collect useful information for HIV prevention and care programs are also described. Multiple data collections systems are needed to monitor the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United States and to collect the information needed to plan, implement, and evaluate prevention and care programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NatL Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nakashima, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, NatL Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 104 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS-J ACQ IMM DEF JI JAIDS PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 SU 1 BP S68 EP S85 PG 18 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 644QV UT WOS:000180931500011 PM 12571518 ER PT J AU Santelli, J Abma, J Ventura, S Anderson, J Morrow, B Lyss, S AF Santelli, J Abma, J Ventura, S Anderson, J Morrow, B Lyss, S TI Can changes in sexual behaviors among high school students explain the decline in teen pregnancy and birth rates in the 1990s? SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. Abt Associates Inc, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 133 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00702-4 PG 2 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 637XE UT WOS:000180538400031 ER PT J AU Lyss, S Anderson, JE Santelli, J Gilbert, BC AF Lyss, S Anderson, JE Santelli, J Gilbert, BC TI Trends in contraceptive effectiveness and birth rates among US teens by parity, 1988 & 1995 SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD FEB PY 2003 VL 32 IS 2 BP 157 EP 157 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(02)00682-1 PG 1 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 637XE UT WOS:000180538400077 ER PT J AU Chen, YH Succi, J Tenover, FC Koehler, TM AF Chen, YH Succi, J Tenover, FC Koehler, TM TI beta-lactamase genes of the penicillin-susceptible Bacillus anthracis sterne strain SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INHALATIONAL ANTHRAX; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CEREUS; THURINGIENSIS; PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; CLONING; EXPRESSION; SUBTILIS; REGION AB Susceptibility to penicillin and other beta-lactam-containing compounds is a common trait of Bacillus anthracis. beta-lactam agents, particularly penicillin, have been used worldwide to treat anthrax in humans. Nonetheless, surveys of clinical and soil-derived strains reveal penicillin G resistance in 2 to 16% of isolates tested. Bacterial resistance to beta-lactam agents is often mediated by production of one or more types of beta-lactamases that hydrolyze the beta-lactam ring, inactivating the antimicrobial agent. Here, we report the presence of two beta-lactamase (bla) genes in the penicillin-susceptible Sterne strain of B. anthracis. We identified bla1 by functional cloning with Escherichia coli. bla1 is a 927-nucleotide (nt) gene predicted to encode a protein with 93.8% identity to the type I beta-lactamase gene of Bacillus cereus. A second gene, bla2, was identified by searching the unfinished B. anthracis chromosome sequence database of The Institute for Genome Research for open reading frames (ORFs) predicted to encode beta-lactamases. We found a partial ORF predicted to encode a protein with significant similarity to the carboxy-terminal end of the type I beta-lactamase of B. cereus. DNA adjacent to the 5' end of the partial ORF was cloned using inverse PCR. bla2 is a 768-nt gene predicted to encode a protein with 92% identity to the B. cereus type II enzyme. The bla1 and bla2 genes confer ampicillin resistance to E. coli. and Bacillus subtilis when cloned individually in these species. The MICs of various antimicrobial agents for the E. coli clones indicate that the two beta-lactamase genes confer different susceptibility profiles to E. coli; bla1 is a penicillinase, while bla2 appears to be a cephalosporinase. The beta-galactosidase activities of B. cereus group species harboring bla promoter-lacZ transcriptional fusions indicate that bla1 is poorly transcribed in B. anthracis, B. cereus, and B. thuringiensis. The bla2 gene is strongly expressed in B. cereus and B. thuringiensis and weakly expressed in B. anthracis. Taken together, these data indicate that the bla1 and bla2 genes of the B. anthracis Sterne strain encode functional beta-lactamases of different types, but gene expression is usually not sufficient to confer resistance to beta-lactam agents. C1 Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koehler, TM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Hlth Sci Ctr, 6431 Fannin St,JFB 1765, Houston, TX 77030 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 33537, R01 AI033537] NR 65 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 185 IS 3 BP 823 EP 830 DI 10.1128/JB.185.3.823-830.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 642YG UT WOS:000180834300014 PM 12533457 ER PT J AU Jeng, A Sakota, V Li, ZY Datta, V Beall, B Nizet, V AF Jeng, A Sakota, V Li, ZY Datta, V Beall, B Nizet, V TI Molecular genetic analysis of a group A Streptococcus operon encoding serum opacity factor and a novel fibronectin-binding protein, SfbX SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; SURFACE PROTEIN; POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PYOGENES; IDENTIFICATION; EXPRESSION; BACTERIA AB The group A Streptococcus (GAS) sot gene encodes the serum opacity factor protein, which is capable of opacifying mammalian sera and binding at least two host proteins, fibronectin and fibrinogen. The sof gene exists in approximately 50% of clinical isolates, and there is a classical association of so-called nephritogenic strains with the opacity factor-positive phenotype. In both a type emm49 strain and a type emm12 strain, tire sequences upstream of the 5' end of sot and downstream of the putative terminator were determined to be nearly identical to a region in the M type 1 genome approximately 10 kb upstream of the emm1 gene. This close genetic linkage is likely reflected in the strict correlation of opacity factor phenotype with specific emm genotypes. A newer fibronectin-binding protein gene, sfbX, was discovered immediately downstream of sot in emm12 and emm49 strains and in several other so-positive strains. The sof and sfbX genes were found to be expressed on the same transcription unit, which was correlated with the putative promoter and rho-independant terminator sequences hat lank these two genes. The sfbX genes from different emm types are predicted to encode similar to650-residue surface-bound proteins sharing 89 to 92% sequence identity. SfbX residues approximately 1 to 480 are not highly similar to those: of other known proteins, with the closest match being the Staphylococcus aureus coagulase protein. Tire remaining portions of these proteins (residues 481 to 650) contain four putative fibronectin-binding repeats highly similar to those of other streptococcal fibronectin-binding proteins and a potential LP(X)SG cell wall anchor motif. Targeted in-frame allelic-exchange mutagenesis, complementation, and heterologous-expression studies found that serum opacification is encoded by serf alone and that sfbX encodes a fibronectin-binding function. A recombinant SAX protein was found to bind immobilized fibronectin and to partially inhibit GAS adherence to fihronectin. The sfbX gene was found to be present only in sof-positive strains, and together these genes could influence the spectrum of tissues colonized by solve GAS. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Infect Dis, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Div Infect Dis, 0672, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI048694, AI07036, R01 AI048694, T32 AI007036] NR 52 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 185 IS 4 BP 1208 EP 1217 DI 10.1128/JB.185.4.1208-1217.2003 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 645GB UT WOS:000180966900011 PM 12562790 ER PT J AU Kuempel, ED Attfield, MD Vallyathan, V Lapp, NL Hale, JM Smith, RJ Castranova, V AF Kuempel, ED Attfield, MD Vallyathan, V Lapp, NL Hale, JM Smith, RJ Castranova, V TI Pulmonary inflammation and crystalline silica in respirable coal mine dust: dose-response SO JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Oxygen/Nitrogen Radicals - Cell Injury and Disease CY JUN 01-05, 2002 CL MORGANTOWN, VIRGINIA DE bronchoalveolar lavage; coal dust; crystalline silica; dose-response; pulmonary inflammation ID PROGRESSIVE MASSIVE FIBROSIS; DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH INDUSTRY; LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; WORKERS PNEUMOCONIOSIS; BIOMATHEMATICAL MODEL; PARTICLE CLEARANCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; GOLD MINERS; TIME-COURSE; EXPOSURE AB This study describes the quantitative relationships between early pulmonary responses and the estimated lung-burden or cumulative exposure of respirable-quartz or coal mine dust. Data from a previous bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) study in coal miners (n = 20) and nonminers (n = 16) were used including cell counts of alveolar macrophages (AMs) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), and the antioxidant superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Miners' individual working lifetime particulate exposures were estimated from work histories and mine air sampling data, and quartz lung-burdens were estimated using a lung dosimetry model. Results show that quartz, as either cumulative exposure or estimated lung-burden, was a highly statistically significant predictor of PMN response (P < 0.0001); however cumulative coal dust exposure did not significantly add to the prediction of PMNs (P = 0.2) above that predicted by cumulative quartz exposure (P < 0.0001). Despite the small study size, radiographic category was also significantly related to increasing levels of both PMNs and quartz lung burden (P-values < 0.04). SOD in BAL fluid rose linearly with quartz lung burden (P < 0.01), but AM count in BAL fluid did not (P > 0.4). This study demonstrates dose-response relationships between respirable crystalline silica in coal mine dust and pulmonary inflammation, antioxidant production, and radiographic small opacities. C1 NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV USA. W Virginia Univ, Pulm & Crit Care Med Sect, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Kuempel, ED (reprint author), NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 35 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-5991 J9 J BIOSCIENCES JI J. Biosci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1007/BF02970133 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 648WM UT WOS:000181174000011 PM 12682426 ER PT J AU Saxena, RK Vallyathan, V Lewis, DM AF Saxena, RK Vallyathan, V Lewis, DM TI Evidence for lipopolysaccharide-induced differentiation of RAW264-7 murine macrophage cell line into dendritic like cells SO JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Oxygen/Nitrogen Radicals - Cell Injury and Disease CY JUN 01-05, 2002 CL MORGANTOWN, VIRGINIA DE dendritic cells; differentiation; flow cytometry; lipopolysaccharide ID RECEPTORS; MONOCYTES; IMMUNITY; INNATE AB Effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on RAW264.7 macrophage cell line was studied. LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells increased in cell size and acquired distinct dendritic morphology. At the optimal dose of LPS (1 mug/ml), almost 70% RAW264.7 cells acquired dendritic morphology. Flow cytometric studies indicate that the cell surface markers known to be expressed on dendritic cells and involved in antigen presentation and T cell activation (B7.1, B7.2, CD40, MHC class II antigens and CD1d) were also markedly upregulated on LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Our results suggest the possibility that LPS by itself could constitute a sufficient signal for differentiation of macrophages into DC-like cells. C1 Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. NIOSH, Analyt Serv Branch, HELD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Saxena, RK (reprint author), Jawaharlal Nehru Univ, Sch Life Sci, New Delhi 110067, India. NR 14 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU INDIAN ACADEMY SCIENCES PI BANGALORE PA P B 8005 C V RAMAN AVENUE, BANGALORE 560 080, INDIA SN 0250-5991 J9 J BIOSCIENCES JI J. Biosci. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 129 EP 134 DI 10.1007/BF02970143 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 648WM UT WOS:000181174000021 PM 12682436 ER PT J AU Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME AF Gillum, RF Mussolino, ME TI Education, poverty, and stroke incidence in whites and blacks: The NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cerebrovascular accident; education; poverty; ethnic groups; epidemiologic methods ID RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; COPENHAGEN; DISEASE; INCOME; WOMEN AB The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that educational attainment and poverty index are inversely associated with incidence of stroke in blacks and in whites. The NUANES I Epiderniologic Follow-up Study data were analyzed. We analyzed 2953 women and 2661 men with no history of stroke before baseline (1971-1975), using the incidence of stroke through 1992, years of education, and poverty index at baseline. In white men aged 45 to 74, Cox regression models showed an inverse age-adjusted association with education that did not attain statistical significance. In white women, those with 12 or more years of education had significantly lower age-adjusted risk of stroke compared with those with less than 8 years. A test for linear trend was significant when adjusting for age (P = 0.0005). In blacks, stroke risk was significantly lower in those with 8 or more years of education than in those with <8 years in adjusted models. In each group, Cox regression models showed an inverse, graded, age-adjusted association with poverty index that attained statistical significance. After controlling for multiple confounders and risk mediators, the association was diminished and nonsignificant. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 3311 Toledo Rd,Room 6420, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 36 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0895-4356 J9 J CLIN EPIDEMIOL JI J. Clin. Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 56 IS 2 BP 188 EP 195 DI 10.1016/S0895-4356(02)00535-8 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 659BH UT WOS:000181756500012 PM 12654414 ER PT J AU Johnston, SP Ballard, MM Beach, MJ Causer, L Wilkins, PP AF Johnston, SP Ballard, MM Beach, MJ Causer, L Wilkins, PP TI Evaluation of three commercial assays for detection of giardia and cryptosporidium organisms in fecal specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; STOOL SPECIMENS; DIRECT FLUORESCENCE; LAMBLIA; PARVUM; ANTIGENS; CHILDREN; OOCYSTS AB There is an increasing demand for diagnostic testing for Giardia intestinalis (G. lamblia) and Cryptosporidium parvum, with a priority being placed on obtaining diagnostic results in an efficient and timely manner. Several commercial companies have developed rapid diagnostic tests that are simple to perform and can be completed in less time than traditional methods for detecting Giardia and Cryptosporidium. We compared one of these rapid tests, the ImmunoCard STAT! (Meridian Bioscience, Inc.) lateral-flow immunoassay, with the MERIFLUOR direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) test, the ProSpecT EZ microplate assay for Giardia and the ProSpecT microplate assay for Cryptosporidium, and modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stained smears for the detection of Cryptosporidium using 246 specimens. The MERIFLUOR DFA (Meridian Bioscience, Inc.) test detected the largest number of cases (32 Giardia and 37 Cryptosporidium) infections and was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the other tests. For Giardia, the sensitivities of the ImmunoCard STAT! and the ProSpecT Giardia EZ microplate assay (Alexon-Trend, Inc.) were 81 and 91%, respectively. For detection of Cryptosporidium, the sensitivities of the ImmunoCard STAT!, the ProSpecT Cryptosporidium microplate assay (Alexon-Trend, Inc.), and modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stained smears were 68, 70, and 78%, respectively. Test specificities were equal to or greater than 99%. Specimens with very small numbers of organisms were not detected by the ImmunoCard STAT!, the ProSpecT microplate assay or modified Kinyoun's acid-fast stained smears. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Johnston, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 106 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 623 EP 626 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.2.623-626.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 643YM UT WOS:000180891200017 PM 12574257 ER PT J AU Kosoy, M Murray, M Gilmore, RD Bai, Y Gage, KL AF Kosoy, M Murray, M Gilmore, RD Bai, Y Gage, KL TI Bartonella strains from ground squirrels are identical to Bartonella washoensis isolated from a human patient SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; HOST-SPECIFICITY; BABESIA-MICROTI; OLD-WORLD; HENSELAE; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION; DISEASE; TICKS AB The most likely animal source of a human case of cardiac disease in Washoe County, Nev., was identified by comparison of DNA sequences of three genes (citrate synthase gltA, 60-kDa heat shock protein gene groEL, and 16S rRNA gene) of Bartonella washoensis cultured from the human patient in question and of Bartonella isolates obtained from the following Nevada rodents: Peromyscus maniculatus (17 isolates), Tamias minimus (11 isolates), Spermophilus lateralis (3 isolates), and Spermophilus beecheyi (7 isolates). Sequence analyses of gltA amplicons obtained from Bartonella from the rodents demonstrated considerable heterogeneity and resulted in the identification of 16 genetic variants that were clustered within three groups in phylogenetic analysis. Each of the three groups was associated with a rodent genus, Peromyscus, Tamias, or Spermophilus. The gltA, 16S rRNA gene, and groEL sequences of a Bartonella isolate obtained from a California ground squirrel (S. beecheyi) were completely identical to homologous sequences of B. washoensis, strongly suggesting that these animals were the source of infection in the human case. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Washoe Cty Dist Hlth Dept, Environm Hlth Serv, Vector Borne Dis Program, Reno, NV USA. Yunnan Inst Epidem Dis Control & Res, Dali, Yunnan, Peoples R China. RP Kosoy, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 24 TC 105 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 645 EP 650 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.2.645-650.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 643YM UT WOS:000180891200021 PM 12574261 ER PT J AU Massung, RF Slater, KG AF Massung, RF Slater, KG TI Comparison of PCR assays for detection of the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEWLY RECOGNIZED AGENT; HOST-SPECIFICITY; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; CLONING; CHAFFEENSIS; BARTONELLA; INFECTION; PROTEINS; ANTIGEN AB Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is an emerging infectious disease in the United States and Europe, and PCR methods have been shown to be effective for the diagnosis of acute infections. Numerous PCR assays and primer sets have been reported in the literature. The analytical sensitivities (limits of detection) of 13 published PCR primer sets were compared using DNA extracted from serial dilutions of Anaplasma phagocytophilum-infected HL-60 cells. The specificity of the assays that were able to detect less than or equal to2.5 infected cells was tested by the use of template DNA extracted from Ehrlichia chaleensis, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Bartonella henselae. The assays with the lowest limits of detection were shown to be a nested assay that amplifies the 16S rRNA gene (primer pairs ge3a-ge10 [primary] and ge9-ge3 [nested]; detects 0.25 infected cell), a direct assay that amplifies the major surface protein gene msp2 (primer pair msp2-3f-msp2-3r; detects 0.25 infected cell), and a direct assay that amplifies the 16S rRNA gene (primer pair ehr521-ehr790; detects 0.25 infected cell). The specificity and limit of detection of the MSP2 and 16S rRNA direct assays were further tested by use of A. phagocytophilum template DNA from both North America and Europe and from human, tick, white-footed mouse, equine, deer, bovine, and wood rat samples and of template DNA from closely related species (Anaplasma marginale, the white-tailed deer agent, and additional E. chaffeensis-positive samples). Three manufacturers' PCR kits were tested and showed distinct variations in the limit of detection, specificity, and nonspecific background amplification. The importance of these results for the molecular diagnosis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis is discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 87 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 717 EP 722 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.2.717-722.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 643YM UT WOS:000180891200032 PM 12574272 ER PT J AU Stienstra, Y van der Werf, TS Guarner, J Raghunathan, PL Whitney, EAS van der Graaf, WTA Asamoa, K Tappero, JW Ashford, DA King, CH AF Stienstra, Y van der Werf, TS Guarner, J Raghunathan, PL Whitney, EAS van der Graaf, WTA Asamoa, K Tappero, JW Ashford, DA King, CH TI Analysis of an IS2404-based nested PCR for diagnosis of Buruli ulcer disease in regions of Ghana where the disease is endemic SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-ULCERANS; IDENTIFICATION AB Mycobacterium ulcerans causes Buruli ulcer disease (BUD), an ulcerative skin disease emerging mainly in West Africa. Laboratory confirmation of BUD is complicated as no "gold standard" for diagnosis exists. A nested primer PCR based on IS2404 has shown promise as a diagnostic assay. We evaluated the IS2404-based PCR to detect M. ulcerans DNA in tissue specimens from 143 BUD patients diagnosed according to the World Health Organization BUD clinical case definition in Ghana. Comparisons were made with culture and histopathology results. Variables influencing detection rate tested in this PCR protocol included the amount of tissue used and the stage of disease. The nested PCR was repeated on DNA extracted from a different part of the same biopsy specimen of 21 culture-positive samples. Of all 143 specimens, 107 (74.8%; 95% confidence interval, 68 to 82%) showed the presence of M. ulcerans DNA by PCR. Of the 78 histology-confirmed BUD patient samples, 64 (83%) were PCR positive. Detection rates were influenced neither by the amount of tissue processed for PCR nor by the stage of disease (preulcerative or ulcerative). Taken together, the two nested PCR tests on the subset of 21 culture-positive samples were able to detect M. ulcerans DNA in all 21 culture-confirmed patients. For future studies, small tissue samples, e.g., punch biopsy samples, might be sufficient for case confirmation. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act & Meningitis & Special Path, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Groningen Hosp, Dept Internal Med, NL-9713 EZ Groningen, Netherlands. Minist Hlth, Accra, Ghana. RP King, CH (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI Stienstra, Ymkje/F-2222-2010; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; van der Graaf, Winette/A-5006-2014 OI Stienstra, Ymkje/0000-0002-8844-8859; NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 794 EP 797 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.2.794-797.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 643YM UT WOS:000180891200045 PM 12574285 ER PT J AU Bajani, MD Ashford, DA Bragg, SL Woods, CW Aye, T Spiegel, RA Plikaytis, BD Perkins, BA Phelan, M Levett, PN Weyant, RS AF Bajani, MD Ashford, DA Bragg, SL Woods, CW Aye, T Spiegel, RA Plikaytis, BD Perkins, BA Phelan, M Levett, PN Weyant, RS TI Evaluation of four commercially available rapid serologic tests for diagnosis of leptospirosis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPIC AGGLUTINATION-TEST; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; INTERNATIONAL MULTICENTER EVALUATION; INDIRECT HEMAGGLUTINATION ASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODIES; DIPSTICK ASSAY; HUMAN-SERUM; DOT-ELISA; IGM; INFECTION AB Four rapid tests for the serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis were evaluated, and the performance of each was compared with that of the current standard, the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). The four rapid tests were a microplate immunoglobulin M (IgM)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), an indirect hemagglutination assay (IRA), an IgM dipstick assay (LDS), and an IgM dot-ELISA dipstick test (DST). A panel of 276 sera from 133 cases of leptospirosis from four different geographic locations was tested as well as 642 sera from normal individuals or individuals with other infectious or autoimmune diseases. Acute-phase sera from cases (n = 148) were collected less than or equal to14 days (median = 6.0) after the onset of symptoms, and convalescent-phase sera (n = 128) were collected greater than or equal to15 days after onset (median = 29.1). By a traditional method (two-by-two contingency table), the sensitivities for detection of leptospirosis cases were 93.2% by LDS, 92.5% by DST, 86.5% by ELISA, and 79.0% by IRA. Specificity was 98.8% by DST, 97% by ELISA and MAT, 95.8% by IRA, and 89.6% by LDS. With a latent class analysis (LCA) model that included all the rapid tests and the clinical case definition, sensitivity was 95.5% by DST, 94.5% by LDS, 89.9% by ELISA, and 81.1% by IRA. The sensitivity and specificity estimated by the traditional methods were quite close to the LCA estimates. However, LCA allowed estimation of the sensitivity of the MAT (98.2%), which traditional methods do not allow. For acute-phase sera, sensitivity was 52.7% by LDS, 50.0% by DST, 48.7% by MAT and ELISA, and 38.5% by IRA. The sensitivity for convalescent-phase sera was 93.8% by MAT, 84.4% by DST, 83.6% by LDS, 75.0% by ELISA, and 67.2% by IHA. A good overall correlation with the MAT was obtained for each of the assays, with the highest concordance being with the DST (kappa value, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 0.90). The best correlation was between ELISA and DST (kappa value, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.91). False-positive LDS results were frequent (greater than or equal to20%) in sera from individuals with Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and periodontal disease and from healthy volunteers. The ease of use and significantly high sensitivity and specificity of DST and ELISA make these good choices for diagnostic testing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bajani, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, M-S G-34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 124 Z9 132 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 41 IS 2 BP 803 EP 809 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.2.803-809.2003 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 643YM UT WOS:000180891200047 PM 12574287 ER PT J AU Van Khoat, D West, GR Valdiserri, RO Phan, NT AF Van Khoat, D West, GR Valdiserri, RO Phan, NT TI Peer education for HIV prevention in the socialist republic of Vietnam: A national assessment SO JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; peer education; Vietnam ID DRUG-USERS; AIDS; PROJECTS; PROGRAM; IMPACT AB In 2000, the government of Vietnam conducted the first assessment of its national peer education program for HIV prevention. Twenty (32%) of Vietnam's 61 provinces and urban areas had functioning peer education programs, and program coordinators of all 20 were interviewed regarding their programs. In addition, on-site reviews were done for 10 of the 20 programs, including inter-views of peer educators and high-risk persons in each program. The assessment found that a total of 500 peer educators were functioning either independently or as part of one of 79 teams. In the 20 provinces, the peer educators made an estimated 7,000 total contacts per month with high risk persons, but many persons were likely contacted repeatedly. Despite this, coverage was limited: some provinces with high numbers of persons reported with HIV/AIDS had few peer educators. Although most provinces targeted IDU and many targeted CSW, few provinces targeted sex partners of IDU or CSW. The definition of peer education and composition of teams varied substantially by province; only one province included persons living with HIV/AIDS as peer educators. The services provided by peer educators were primarily distributional: delivering information either through word of month, pamphlets, or brochures, providing condoms, and sometimes providing clean syringes and needles. Skills building or goal setting interventions aimed at HIV risk reduction were rarely provided. Most provinces had concerns about ongoing funding and sustainability of the programs. Based on the assessment, specific recommendations were provided for strengthening and expanding Vietnam's peer education programs. C1 CDC, NCHSTP, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Natl AIDS Standing Bur, NASB, Hanoi, Vietnam. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP West, GR (reprint author), CDC, NCHSTP, Global AIDS Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC-HUMAN SCIENCES PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0094-5145 J9 J COMMUN HEALTH JI J. Community Health PD FEB PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1023/A:1021321704417 PG 17 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 640DC UT WOS:000180671000001 ER PT J AU Rosenthal, D Wellons, ED Matsuura, JH Ghegan, M Shuler, FW Pallos, LL AF Rosenthal, D Wellons, ED Matsuura, JH Ghegan, M Shuler, FW Pallos, LL TI Remote superficial femoral artery endarterectomy and distal vein bypass for limb salvage: Initial experience SO JOURNAL OF ENDOVASCULAR THERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Congress on Endovascular Interventions CY FEB 10-14, 2002 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA DE superficial femoral artery; endarterectomy; saphenous vein bypass; limb salvage; Mollring Cutter; stent; restenosis ID AUTOLOGOUS SAPHENOUS-VEIN; PROSTHETIC GRAFTS; AUTOGENOUS VEIN; ANGIOPLASTY; POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE; DISEASE AB Purpose: To examine the results of remote superficial femoral artery endarterectomy (RSFAE) performed through a small groin incision in conjunction with distal saphenous vein (SV) bypass for limb salvage. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted of 21 patients (14 men; mean age 68.5 years, range 47-78) who underwent RSFAE and distal SV bypass between May 1998 and September 2001 for limb salvage. Thirteen had gangrene and 8 had rest pain. RSFAE was performed with the MollRing Cutter device through a femoral arteriotomy; the distal atheromatous plaque was "tacked up" with a stent. Distal SV bypass from the proximal popliteal artery was performed in situ in 7, from a transposed harvested vein in 8, or from a reversed graft in 6. All patients underwent follow-up examination with serial color-flow ultrasound scans. Results: The mean length of the endarterectomized SFA was 26.5 cm (range 12-40). There were no deaths, only 2 wound complications, and the mean hospital length of stay was 3.1 +/- 0.6 days. The primary cumulative patency rate by life-table analysis was 71.4% with follow-up extending to an average of 12.4 months (range 1-18). There were 2 amputations for gangrene and 6 percutaneous procedures in 4 (19.1%) patients to maintain bypass patency, producing an assisted primary patency rate of 81.5%. The locations of the restenoses were evenly distributed along the endarterectomized SFA and SV graft. Conclusions: When adequate SV is not available, RSFAE with residual SV bypass is a safe and moderately durable procedure that may prove to be a useful adjunct for limb salvage, especially in the presence of foot infection, where an autogenous tissue bypass is preferred. C1 Atlanta Med Ctr, Dept Vasc Surg, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rosenthal, D (reprint author), 315 Blvd NE,Suite 412, Atlanta, GA 30312 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1526-6028 J9 J ENDOVASC THER JI J. Endovascular Ther. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 121 EP 125 DI 10.1583/1545-1550(2003)010<0121:RSFAEA>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Surgery; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Surgery; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 685PR UT WOS:000183272900022 PM 12751942 ER PT J AU Terlouw, DJ Courval, JM Kolczak, MS Rosenberg, OS Oloo, AJ Kager, PA Lal, AA Nahlen, BL ter Kuile, FO AF Terlouw, DJ Courval, JM Kolczak, MS Rosenberg, OS Oloo, AJ Kager, PA Lal, AA Nahlen, BL ter Kuile, FO TI Treatment history and treatment dose are important determinants of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine efficacy in children with uncomplicated malaria in western Kenya SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; RISK-FACTORS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; CHLOROQUINE RESISTANCE; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; GAMETOCYTE CARRIAGE; SELECTIVE PRESSURE; TREATMENT FAILURE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS AB This study retrospectively studied amendable determinants of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) efficacy involving 2869 treatments among 1072 Kenyan children <5 years old who had uncomplicated malaria. The dose was based on age: one-quarter tablet was given to infants <1 year old, one-half tablet was given to 1-3-year-old children, and a full tablet was given to 4-year-old children. Only 23.5% received the internationally recommended target dose of 25/1.25 mg of SP per kg of body weight. SP intake in the previous 15-35 days (adjusted relative risk, 1.67; 95% confidence interval, 1.35-2.07) and low SP dose (<27.5/1.375 mg/kg) (adjusted relative risk, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-2.13) explained 38% of parasitological treatment failures by day 7. Patients with recent SP intake are likely to have recrudescent infections and may need close follow-up if treated with SP or alternative treatment. Applying our weight-for-age data to 31 existing age-based SP dose recommendations predicted that 22 of them would result in underdosing of >25% of children <5 years. Many age-based dose recommendations need urgent revision, because SP is increasingly used as first-line treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kenya Med Res Inst, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP ter Kuile, FO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 84 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 3 BP 467 EP 476 DI 10.1086/367705 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 639NU UT WOS:000180636800015 PM 12552431 ER PT J AU Whitfield, CL Anda, RF Dube, SR Felitti, VJ AF Whitfield, CL Anda, RF Dube, SR Felitti, VJ TI Violent childhood experiences and the risk of intimate partner violence in adults - Assessment in a large health maintenance organization SO JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE domestic violence; family violence; childhood trauma; child abuse; screen; protection ID ADOLESCENT PROBLEM BEHAVIORS; REPORTED ABUSE HISTORY; SEXUAL ABUSE; HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; EMOTION DYSREGULATION; PHYSICAL ABUSE; WOMEN; VICTIMIZATION; CHILDREN; RECOLLECTIONS AB Information about the relationship of experiencing abuse or witnessing domestic violence in childhood to the risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) in adulthood is scant. The relationship of childhood physical or sexual abuse or growing up with a battered mother to the risk of being a victim of IPV for women or a perpetrator for men was studied among 8,629 participants in the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study conducted in a large HMO. Each of the three violent childhood experiences increased the risk of victimization or perpetration of IPV approximately two-fold. A statistically significant graded relationship was found between the number of violent experiences and the risk of IPV Among persons who had all three forms of violent childhood experiences, the risk of victimization and perpetration was increased 3.5 fold for women and 3.8-fold for men. These data suggest that as part of risk assessment for IPV in adults, screening for a history of childhood abuse or exposure to domestic violence is needed. C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 67 TC 233 Z9 234 U1 15 U2 73 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0886-2605 J9 J INTERPERS VIOLENCE JI J. Interpers. Violence PD FEB PY 2003 VL 18 IS 2 BP 166 EP 185 DI 10.1177/0886260502238733 PG 20 WC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology, Applied SC Criminology & Penology; Family Studies; Psychology GA 637YQ UT WOS:000180541700004 ER PT J AU Fernandez, DR Vanderjagt, DJ Williams, M Huang, Y Chuang, L Millson, M Andrews, R Pastuszyn, A Glew, RH AF Fernandez, DR Vanderjagt, DJ Williams, M Huang, Y Chuang, L Millson, M Andrews, R Pastuszyn, A Glew, RH TI Fatty acid, amino acid and trace mineral analysis of five weaning foods from Jos, Nigeria. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 2003 CL CARMEL, CALIFORNIA SP American Fed Med Res C1 Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Jos, Teaching Hosp, Jos, Nigeria. Abbott Labs, Columbus, OH USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 SU 1 MA 293 BP S142 EP S142 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 638KF UT WOS:000180569600299 ER PT J AU Weston, R Shah, J AF Weston, R Shah, J TI Prevalence of infection with intestinal parasites and clinical symptoms after mass albendazole treatment in Montagnard refugees from Vietnam. SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Western Regional Meeting of the American-Federation-for-Medical-Research CY JAN 29-FEB 01, 2003 CL CARMEL, CALIFORNIA SP American Fed Med Res C1 Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU B C DECKER INC PI HAMILTON PA 20 HUGHSON ST SOUTH, PO BOX 620, L C D 1, HAMILTON, ONTARIO L8N 3K7, CANADA SN 1081-5589 J9 J INVEST MED JI J. Invest. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 51 SU 1 MA 310 BP S145 EP S145 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 638KF UT WOS:000180569600316 ER PT J AU Madans, JH Sondik, EJ Johnson, CL AF Madans, JH Sondik, EJ Johnson, CL TI Future directions for what we eat in America-NHANES: The integrated CSFII-NHANES - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Madans, JH (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 133 IS 2 BP 575S EP 575S PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 643RW UT WOS:000180875100042 ER PT J AU Weisskopf, MG Drew, JM Hanrahan, LP Anderson, HA Haugh, GS AF Weisskopf, MG Drew, JM Hanrahan, LP Anderson, HA Haugh, GS TI Hazardous ammonia releases: Public health consequences and risk factors for evacuation and injury, United States, 1993-1998 SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SUBSTANCE RELEASES AB Unplanned releases of ammonia lead more often to evacuation and injury than releases of other chemicals, but few studies have systematically investigated ammonia releases. We analyzed Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system data for 1993-1998. Evacuation of a total of at least 40,680 persons resulted from 53 7 ammonia releases, and 248 ammonia releases led to injury of 1434 persons. Equipment failure and operator error were cited as factors contributing to ammonia releases 90% of the time. Eighty-seven percent of releases occurred at fixed facilities. Risk factors for evacuation and injury differed between the food-manufacturing industry and other industries. Indoor release was a consistent risk factor, whereas quantity of ammonia released was not always a risk factor. Preventive maintenance and worker training may be effective tools to reduce the burdens of hazardous ammonia releases. C1 Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Bureau Environm Hlth, Madison, WI USA. Agcy Tox Substances, Atlanta, GA USA. Div Hlth Studies, Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weisskopf, MG (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, OHP, 665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 45 IS 2 BP 197 EP 204 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000048168.87707.8b PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 645FP UT WOS:000180965800009 PM 12625234 ER PT J AU Prince, MM Gilbert, SJ Smith, RJ Stayner, LT AF Prince, MM Gilbert, SJ Smith, RJ Stayner, LT TI Evaluation of the risk of noise-induced hearing loss among unscreened male industrial workers SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Variability in background risk and distribution of various risk factors for hearing loss may explain some of the diversity in excess risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL): This paper examines the impact of various,risk factors on excess risk estimates of NIHL using data from the 1968-1972 NIOSH Occupational. Noise, and Hearing Survey (ONHS). Previous analyses of a subset of these data focused on 1172 highly, "screened" workers. In the current analysis; an additional 894 white males (609. noise-exposed and 285 controls), who were "excluded for various reasons (i.e., nonoccupational noise exposure, otologic or medical conditions affecting hearing, prior occupational noise exposure) have been added (n=2066) to assess excess risk of noise-induced material impairment in an unscreened population. Data are analyzed by age, duration of exposure, and sound level(8-h TWA) for four different definitions of noise-induced hearing impairment, defined as the binaural pure-tone average (PTA) hearing threshold level greater than 25 dB for the following frequencies:. (a) -1-4 kHz (PTA(1234)), (b) 1-3 kHz (PTA(123)), (c) 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz (PTA(512)); and (d) 3;' 4, and 6 kHz (PTA(346)). Results indicate that populations with higher background,risks of hearing loss may show lower excess risks attributable to noise relative to highly screened populations. Estimates of-lifetime excess risk of hearing impairment were found to be significantly different between screened and unscreened population for noise levels greater than 90 dBA. Predicted age-related risk of material hearing impairment in the ONHS unscreened population was similar to that predicted from Annex B and C of ANSI S3.44 for ages less than 60 years. Results underscore the importance of. understanding differential risk patterns for hearing loss and the use of appropriate reference (control) populations when evaluating risk of noise-induced hearing impairment among contemporary industrial populations. C1 NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Prince, MM (reprint author), NIOSH, Industrywide Studies Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Legarth, Jonas/A-9156-2012 NR 41 TC 12 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 113 IS 2 BP 871 EP 880 DI 10.1121/1.1536635 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 643RU UT WOS:000180874900019 PM 12597181 ER PT J AU Ghannoum, M Isham, N Hajjeh, R Cano, M Al-Hasawi, F Yearick, D Warner, J Long, L Jessup, C Elewski, B AF Ghannoum, M Isham, N Hajjeh, R Cano, M Al-Hasawi, F Yearick, D Warner, J Long, L Jessup, C Elewski, B TI Tinea capitis in Cleveland: Survey of elementary school students SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIER STATE; TRICHOPHYTON-TONSURANS AB Background: Tinea capitis, a fungal infection of the scalp, is of increasing public health importance, and Trichophyton tonsurans has become the primary causative agent in North America. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of dermatophyte-positive scalp cultures among elementary schoolchildren in Cleveland, Ohio, describe predisposing factors, and measure the antifungal susceptibility of isolates collected. Observations: A total of 937 children from 8 Cleveland elementary schools were cultured for the presence of dermatophytes; 122 children (13%), all of whom were African American, had dermatophyte-positive cultures of the scalp. Sixty percent of cases were asymptomatic, indicating a carrier state. Race, scaling, and the use of antidandruff shampoo were associated with increased likelihood of infection. T tonsurans was the only organism isolated (except 1 Microsporum canis isolate). All isolates were susceptible to fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and terbinafine. Conclusions: T tonsurans was the predominant dermatophyte isolated. Further multicenter studies are needed to confirm the predominance of dermatophyte-positive scalp cultures among African American children and to determine modifiable and preventable risk factors. C1 Univ Hosp Cleveland, Ctr Med Mycol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Dermatol, Mycol Reference Lab, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ghannoum, M (reprint author), Univ Hosp Cleveland, Ctr Med Mycol, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. NR 13 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 48 IS 2 BP 189 EP 193 DI 10.1067/mjd.2003.109 PG 5 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 646TH UT WOS:000181050000003 PM 12582387 ER PT J AU Sanders, S Di Costanzo, D Leach, J Levy, H Srinivasan, K Zaki, SR Comer, JA Paddock, CD AF Sanders, S Di Costanzo, D Leach, J Levy, H Srinivasan, K Zaki, SR Comer, JA Paddock, CD TI Riockettsialpox in a patient with HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RICKETTSIA-AKARI INFECTION; SPOTTED-FEVER; SCRUB TYPHUS; MACROPHAGES; RESISTANCE; STRAINS; MICE AB We describe the first case of rickettsialpox in a patient infected with HIV. Immunohistochemical staining of biopsied lesions showed a relatively large number of rickettsiae within the papulovesicular rash. Rickettsialpox is easily treated and may resemble more serious cutaneous eruptions in patients infected with HIV. This diagnosis should be considered in immunocompromised city-dwellers, with fever and a papulovesicular rash. C1 Pathol Associates Inc, New Rochelle, NY 10825 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Rickettial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Di Costanzo, D (reprint author), Pathol Associates Inc, 91 Weyman Ave, New Rochelle, NY 10825 USA. NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 48 IS 2 BP 286 EP 289 DI 10.1067/mjd.2003.65 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 646TH UT WOS:000181050000022 PM 12582406 ER PT J AU Walker, B Stokes, LD Warren, R AF Walker, B Stokes, LD Warren, R TI Environmental factors associated with asthma SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE environment; risk factors; asthma ID INNER-CITY CHILDREN; ALLERGEN EXPOSURE; PASSIVE SMOKING; AIR-POLLUTION; RISK-FACTORS; SEVERITY; DISEASE; DUST; SCHOOLS; CARPET AB Asthma, a disease of attacks and remission, continues to account for substantial morbidity and direct economic costs. Numerous studies-epidemiologic, toxicologic and clinical-present evidence for a broad spectrum of environmental risk factors associated with asthma. This review summarizes current thinking on a subset of these factors. Knowledge of potential environmental determinants of asthma is important to both the patient and healthcare professional in the application of multiple modalities of medical and environmental intervention for management of the development, and exacerbation of this chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways. C1 Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Environm Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Off Urban Affairs, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Walker, B (reprint author), Howard Univ, Coll Med, Med Ctr, 520 W St,NW,Suite 2400, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NR 55 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 95 IS 2 BP 152 EP 166 PG 15 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 851DD UT WOS:000223664700021 PM 12760611 ER PT J AU Li, Z Gindler, J Wang, H Berry, RJ Li, S Correa, A Zheng, JC Erickson, JD Wang, Y AF Li, Z Gindler, J Wang, H Berry, RJ Li, S Correa, A Zheng, JC Erickson, JD Wang, Y TI Folic acid supplements during early pregnancy and likelihood of multiple births: a population-based cohort study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PERICONCEPTIONAL MULTIVITAMIN USE; CONOTRUNCAL HEART-DEFECTS; TWIN PREGNANCIES; RISK; CHINA; PREVENTION; GESTATIONS; SINGLETON AB Background Folic acid supplements are recommended for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects in their offspring. Results of some studies, however, suggest an increase in multiple births associated with use of vitamin supplements that contain folic acid during pregnancy. Our aim was to assess this association. Methods We used data from a population-based cohort study from which we assessed the occurrence of multiple births in women (n=242 015) who had participated in a campaign to prevent neural tube defects with folic acid supplements (400 mug per day) in China. Folic acid use was ascertained before pregnancy outcome was known. We studied the relation between multiple births and any use of folic acid pills before or during early pregnancy; additionally, we investigated mechanisms by which folic acid could potentially affect the occurrence of multiple births by examining pill-taking at three time periods: before ovulation, around the time of fertilisation, and after conception. Findings 1496 (0.62%) multiple births occurred in a cohort of 242 015 women who had registered with the study between October, 1993, and September, 1995, and who had a pregnancy not affected by a birth defect; the rate of multiple births in women who did and did not take folic acid before or during early pregnancy was 0.59% and 0.65%, respectively (rate ratio 0.91; 95% CI 0.82-1.00). Interpretation Our findings suggest that consumption of folic acid supplements during pregnancy is not associated with an increased occurrence of multiple births. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Hlth Care Epidemiol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 32 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 9355 BP 380 EP 384 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12390-2 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 642CP UT WOS:000180787000010 PM 12573374 ER PT J AU Barrett, DH Morris, RD Jackson, WG Michalek, JE AF Barrett, DH Morris, RD Jackson, WG Michalek, JE TI Serum dioxin and psychological functioning in US Air Force veterans of the Vietnam War SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID OPERATION-RANCH-HAND; PATERNAL DIOXIN; HEALTH-STATUS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; HERBICIDES; EXPOSURE AB Using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, we assessed the psychological functioning of U.S. Air Force veterans exposed to Agent Orange and its contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), during the Vietnam War. Index subjects were veterans of Operation Ranch Hand (N = 1,109). Comparisons (N = 1,493) were U.S. Air Force veterans not involved with spraying herbicides. We found few consistent psychological abnormalities associated with serum dioxin levels. Ranch Hand veterans with higher dioxin levels showed some difficulties in anxiety, somatization, depression, and a, denial of psychological factors. However, those with background levels also showed indications of emotional distress, primarily in emotional numbing and lability; a guarded, suspicious, and withdrawn style of relating to others; and unusual thoughts or behaviors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RP Barrett, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 168 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EJ UT WOS:000181422000016 PM 12636146 ER PT J AU Henningfield, JE Benowitz, NL Ahijevych, K Garrett, BE Connolly, GN Wayne, GF AF Henningfield, JE Benowitz, NL Ahijevych, K Garrett, BE Connolly, GN Wayne, GF TI Does menthol enhance the addictiveness of cigarettes? An agenda for research SO NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID NONMENTHOL CIGARETTES; SMOKE C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Clin Pharmacol & Expt Therapeut, San Franciscom, CA USA. Ohio State Univ, Coll Nursing, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Commonwealth Massachusetts, Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Henningfield, JE (reprint author), Pinney Associates, 4800 Montgomery Lane,Suite 1000, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [CA87477-02] NR 13 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1462-2203 J9 NICOTINE TOB RES JI Nicotine Tob. Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 9 EP 11 DI 10.1080/1462220031000070543 PG 3 WC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Substance Abuse; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 716HA UT WOS:000185021700003 PM 12745502 ER PT J AU Berg, CJ Chang, J Callaghan, WM Whitehead, SJ AF Berg, CJ Chang, J Callaghan, WM Whitehead, SJ TI Pregnancy-related mortality in the United States, 1991-1997 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article AB OBJECTIVE: To describe trends in pregnancy-related mortality and risk factors for pregnancy-related deaths in the United States for die years 1991 through 1997. METHODS: In collaboration with the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and state health departments, the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System, part of the Division of Reproductive Health at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, has collected information on all reported pregnancy-related deaths occurring since 1979. Data include those present on death certificates and, when available, matching birth or fetal death certificates. Data are reviewed and coded by clinically experienced epidemiologists. The pregnancy-related mortality ratio was defined as pregnancy-related deaths per 100,000 live births. RESULTS: The reported pregnancy-related mortality ratio increased from 10.3 in 1991 to 12.9 in 1997. An increased risk of pregnancy-related death was found for black women, older women, and women with no prenatal care. The leading causes of death were embolism, hemorrhage, and other medical conditions, although the percent of all pregnancy-related deaths caused by hemorrhage declined from 28% in the early 1980s to 18% in the current study period. CONCLUSION: The reported pregnancy-related mortality ratio has increased, probably because of improved identification of pregnancy-related deaths. Black women continue to have an almost four-fold increased risk of pregnancy-related death, the greatest disparity among the maternal and child health indicators. Although review of pregnancy-related deaths by states remains an important public health function, such work must be expanded to identify factors that influence the survival of women with serious pregnancy complications. (C) 2003 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Berg, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-23,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 181 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 101 IS 2 BP 289 EP 296 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02587-5 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02587-5 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 641GP UT WOS:000180737200014 PM 12576252 ER PT J AU Ebrahim, SH Gfroerer, J AF Ebrahim, SH Gfroerer, J TI Pregnancy-related substance use in the United States during 1996-1998 SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COCAINE; WOMEN; EXPOSURE; INFANTS; TOBACCO; ABUSE AB OBJECTIVE: To provide a baseline estimate of the national prevalence of pregnancy-related illicit drug use and abstinence rates. METHODS: We analyzed data collected between 1996 and 1998 from the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, a nationally representative sample survey of 22,303 noninstitutionalized women aged 18-44 years, of whom 1249 were pregnant. RESULTS: During 1996-1998, 6.4% of nonpregnant women of childbearing age and 2.8% of pregnant women reported that they used illicit drugs. Of the women who used drugs, the relative proportion of women who abstained from illicit drugs after recognition of pregnancy increased from 28% during the first trimester of pregnancy to 93% by the third trimester. However, because of postpregnancy relapse, the net pregnancy-related reduction in illicit drug use at postpartum was only 24%. Marijuana accounted for three-fourths of illicit drug use, and cocaine accounted for one-tenth of illicit drug use. Of those who used illicit drugs, over half of pregnant and two-thirds of nonpregnant women also used cigarettes and alcohol. Among the sociodemographic subgroups, pregnant and nonpregnant women who were young (18-30 years) or unmarried, and pregnant women with less than high school education had the highest rates of illicit drug use. CONCLUSION: The continued burden of illicit drug use during pregnancy calls for policy efforts to enable primary care providers to identify and refer women who use substances to treatment and support services. Prevention of uptake of illicit drug use should be an integral part of public health programs for young women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Subst Abuse & Mental Hlth Serv Adm, Rockville, MD USA. RP Ebrahim, SH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-46,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 129 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 101 IS 2 BP 374 EP 379 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02588-7 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02588-7 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 641GP UT WOS:000180737200025 PM 12576263 ER PT J AU Calvert, GM Rice, FL Boiano, JM Sheehy, JW Sanderson, WT AF Calvert, GM Rice, FL Boiano, JM Sheehy, JW Sanderson, WT TI Occupational silica exposure and risk of various diseases: an analysis using death certificates from 27 states of the United States SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STAGE RENAL-DISEASE; LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; GOLD MINERS; CRYSTALLINE SILICA; GRANITE WORKERS; JEWELRY WORKERS; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; AUTOIMMUNE-DISEASES AB Background: Although crystalline silica exposure is associated with silicosis, lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), there is less support for an association with autoimmune disease, and renal disease. Methods: Using data from the US National Occupational Mortality Surveillance (NOMS) system, a matched case-control design was employed to examine each of several diseases (including silicosis, lung cancer, stomach cancer, oesophageal cancer, COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and various types of renal disease). Cases were subjects whose death certificate mentioned the disease of interest. A separate control group for each of the diseases of interest was selected from among subjects whose death certificate did not mention the disease of interest or any of several diseases reported to be associated with crystalline silica exposure. Subjects were assigned into a qualitative crystalline silica exposure category based on the industry/occupation pairing found on their death certificate. We also investigated whether silicotics had a higher risk of disease compared to those without silicosis. Results: Those postulated to have had detectable crystalline silica exposure had a significantly increased risk for silicosis, COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, a significant trend of increasing risk with increasing silica exposure was observed for these same conditions and for lung cancer. Those postulated to have had the greatest crystalline silica exposure had a significantly increased risk for silicosis, lung cancer, COPD, and pulmonary tuberculosis only. Finally, those with silicosis had a significantly increased risk for COPD, pulmonary tuberculosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusions: This study corroborates the association between crystalline silica exposure and silicosis, lung cancer, COPD, and pulmonary tuberculosis. In addition, support is provided for an association between crystalline silica exposure and rheumatoid arthritis. C1 CDCP, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Stud, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Educ & Informat Div, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Calvert, GM (reprint author), CDCP, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Stud, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,R-21, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 88 TC 110 Z9 117 U1 5 U2 14 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 60 IS 2 BP 122 EP 129 DI 10.1136/oem.60.2.122 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 641MF UT WOS:000180748000009 PM 12554840 ER PT J AU Schiedler, V Bhatta, RC Miao, YH Bird, M Jha, H Chaudary, JSP Fry, AM Lietman, TM AF Schiedler, V Bhatta, RC Miao, YH Bird, M Jha, H Chaudary, JSP Fry, AM Lietman, TM TI Pattern of antibiotic use in a trachoma-endemic region of Nepal: implications for mass azithromycin distribution SO OPHTHALMIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE azithromcyin; macrolide antibiotics; antibiotic resistance; trachoma; Nepal ID RESISTANCE AB PURPOSE To investigate antibiotic utilization in a rural district of western Nepal that is currently receiving azithromycin as part Of a trachoma program and is being monitored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for drug resistance. METHODS Antibiotic purchase receipts were collected for 3 months from all medicine halls, pharmacies, and government sub-health posts in a sub-district of Western Nepal. Supplementary surveys of antibiotic sales were performed in different seasons. RESULTS Macrolides account for 3.9% of total antibiotic use, far less than quinolones, penicillins, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. CONCLUSIONS If trachoma programs in Western Nepal generate transient macrolide resistance in pneumococcus and other bacteria, the epidemiological impact may not be great, as macrolides are not commonly used in the area. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Ophthalmol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Francis I Proctor Fdn, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Geta Eye Hosp, Kailali, Nepal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lietman, TM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Ophthalmol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [K08 AI 01441] NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SWETS ZEITLINGER PUBLISHERS PI LISSE PA P O BOX 825, 2160 SZ LISSE, NETHERLANDS SN 0928-6586 J9 OPHTHALMIC EPIDEMIOL JI Ophthalmic Epidemiol. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 31 EP 36 DI 10.1076/opep.10.1.31.13772 PG 6 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 655BQ UT WOS:000181531800005 PM 12607157 ER PT J AU Euler, GL Copeland, JR Rangel, MC Williams, WW AF Euler, GL Copeland, JR Rangel, MC Williams, WW TI Antibody response to postexposure prophylaxis in infants born to hepatitis B surface antigen-positive women SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B surface antigen-positive women; hepatitis B vaccination; infant; antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen ID TERM FOLLOW-UP; VIRUS TRANSMISSION; VACCINE; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; IMMUNOGENICITY; PROGRAM; DNA; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Background. Annually 20 000 infants are born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive US women. Without prophylaxis 30% risk chronic hepatitis B virus infection, and 25% of those risk dying from resulting liver cirrhosis or liver cancer as adults. Methods. We attempted to interview each HBsAg-positive pregnant woman reported to the health department between 1992 and 1997, to provide their infants with immunoprophylaxis at birth and in the clinic or home and to serotest at 9 to 15 months of age. Results. Of 879 women reported, 92% enrolled; 787 delivered 796 live infants; 91% of infants received hepatitis B immunoglobulin; 98, 95 and 89% received hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) Doses 1, 2 and 3, respectively; and 80% were serotested. Of these 2.2% were HBsAg-positive and 97% had antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) of greater than or equal to10 mIU/ml. Anti-HBs concentrations measured in 504 infants were 10 to 99 mIU/ml (25%), 100 to 999 mIU/ml (43%) and greater than or equal to1000 mIU/ml (29%). Serotesting was less likely among infants of mothers <20 years of age [odds ratio (OR) 2.5]; white, non-Hispanic (OR 2.8); or with a household income of <$15 000/year (OR 2.0). Lower antibody titers were found when serotesting at 4 to 12 months than at <4 months after HepB-3 (OR 1.8 to 4.4), with HepB-3 receipt <6 months after HepB-2 (OR 2.5) and when household income was <$15 000/year (OR 2.1). Conclusions. Centralized case management with home visits resulted in high rates of complete immunoprophylaxis and postvaccination testing among infants born to HBsAg-positive women. Perinatal immunoprophylaxis was immunogenic under routine public health use, with higher anti-HBs titers occurring in infants tested <4 months postvaccination. Because infants in households with low income had higher rates of nonprotective antibody responses, they may benefit from extra efforts to ensure that serotesting is conducted postvaccination. C1 CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Euler, GL (reprint author), CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 47 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 123 EP 129 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 646XZ UT WOS:000181062700006 PM 12586975 ER PT J AU Williams, IT Goldstein, ST Tufa, J Tauillii, S Margolis, HS Mahoney, FJ AF Williams, IT Goldstein, ST Tufa, J Tauillii, S Margolis, HS Mahoney, FJ TI Long term antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination beginning at birth and to subsequent booster vaccination SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B; hepatitis B vaccines; immunologic memory; American Samoa; antibody response; immunization; booster immunization; secondary immunization; vaccination ID 12-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; CHILDREN; PERSISTENCE; IMMUNIZATION; EXPERIENCE; PROTECTION; EFFICACY AB Background. Few studies have examined the long term persistence of antibody after hepatitis B immunization beginning at birth and the response to a subsequent challenge with a booster dose of vaccine. Methods. Two groups of children received hepatitis B vaccine on a schedule of birth and 1 and 6 months of age. Group 1 received recombinant vaccine and a booster dose at 5 years of age. Group 2 received plasma-derived vaccine and a booster dose at 9 years of age. Group 1 children were tested for antibody after the primary vaccine series. All children were tested for antibody before administration of the booster dose and at 2 and 4 weeks and 1 year after the booster. In addition all children were tested for markers of hepatitis B virus infection. Results. Antibody testing conducted after the primary series for children in Group 1 (n = 70) showed that 90% had protective antibody concentrations at 13 months of age, and testing before the booster dose showed that 41% had protective antibody concentrations. All children with protective antibody concentrations after the primary series had an anamnestic antibody response to the booster dose. In Group 2 (n = 41) 39% of children had protective antibody concentrations before the booster dose, and 93% had an anamnestic antibody response to the booster dose. One year after the booster dose there were 26-fold and 11-fold declines in antibody concentration in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions. A primary vaccination series with either plasma-derived or recombinant hepatitis B vaccine affords long term protection for children when vaccinated beginning soon after birth. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. Amer Samoa Govt, Dept Publ Hlth, Pago Pago, AS USA. RP Williams, IT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. NR 35 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 157 EP 163 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 646XZ UT WOS:000181062700011 PM 12586980 ER PT J AU Uyeki, TM AF Uyeki, TM TI Influenza diagnosis and treatment in children: a review of studies on clinically useful tests and antiviral treatment for influenza SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Review DE influenza; children; influenza antivirals; direct fluorescence assay; in direct fluorescence assay; rapid influenza; diagnostic tests ID DIRECTIGEN FLU-A; NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITOR ZANAMIVIR; RESPIRATORY VIRUS-INFECTIONS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; SHELL-VIAL CULTURE; ACUTE OTITIS-MEDIA; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; VIRAL-INFECTIONS; YOUNG-CHILDREN AB Background. Prompt testing for influenza can help guide clinical management of patients with suspected influenza. Three antiviral medications, amantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir, are approved for treatment of influenza in children. Rimantadine and ribavirin have also been used. Objectives. To review the published evidence on clinically useful diagnostic tests and antiviral treatment for influenza virus infections in children. Methods. Studies published from 1966 through September 2002 were reviewed on clinical diagnosis, immunofluorescence and rapid influenza tests and on antiviral treatment of influenza virus infections among pediatric populations. Results. No studies assessed the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of influenza in children compared with viral culture. Compared with viral culture, direct immunofluorescence antibody and indirect immunofluorescence antibody tests for influenza had fair to moderate median sensitivities and high median specificities, whereas rapid influenza diagnostic tests had moderate median sensitivities and moderately high median specificities. No randomized, placebo-controlled studies were found of amantadine or rimantadine for treatment of influenza A. In a few separate controlled studies, oseltamivir, zanamivir and ribavirin each reduced symptom duration of influenza compared with placebo. Conclusions. Additional data are needed about the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of influenza in children. Although direct immunofluorescence antibody staining, indirect immunofluorescence antibody staining and rapid tests are moderately to reasonably accurate in detecting influenza virus infections in children, physicians should use clinical judgment and local surveillance data about circulating influenza viruses when interpreting test results. Further controlled studies of the efficacy, adverse effects and emergence of antiviral resistance during treatment of influenza are needed for all of the antiviral drugs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Uyeki, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, MS A-32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 102 TC 139 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 10 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 164 EP 177 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 646XZ UT WOS:000181062700013 PM 12586981 ER PT J AU Baughman, AL Bisgard, KM AF Baughman, AL Bisgard, KM TI Need for equivalence testing of efficacy of alternative antibiotics for treatment of pertussis SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Letter DE pertussis; erythromycin; clarithromycin; equivalence testing; sample size ID CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; FORMULAS; TRIALS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Baughman, AL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 22 IS 2 BP 205 EP 207 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 646XZ UT WOS:000181062700025 PM 12586986 ER PT J AU Mell, LK Davis, RL Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Zangwill, KM Ward, JI Marcy, SM Chen, RT AF Mell, LK Davis, RL Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Zangwill, KM Ward, JI Marcy, SM Chen, RT CA CDC Vaccine Safety Datalink Projec TI Polio extraimmunization in children younger than 2 years after changes in immunization recommendations SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE extraimmunization; polio vaccine AB Objective. To investigate trends over time in polio extraimmunization among children in 4 large health maintenance organizations and to study the association with recent changes in polio immunization policy. Methods. Using 176 169 children who were born after 1994 and enrolled for their first 2 years of life, we assessed rates and trends of polio extraimmunization in the Vaccine Safety Datalink project. We used logistic regression to test the association of extraimmunization with different polio immunization schedules and with sociodemographic characteristics and used Poisson regression to test changes in rates over time. Results. Overall, 10.5% were extraimmunized for poliovirus; children on the all inactivated polio virus or sequential schedule were one half as likely as those on the all oral polio virus schedule to be extraimmunized by 2 years of age. There was a significant decrease in extraimmunization over time, with <5% of children born at the end of 1997 being extraimmunized, compared with >15% at the beginning of 1994. Conclusions. Poliovirus extraimmunization rates have fallen dramatically in association with the change-over to the all inactivated polio virus schedule. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Chicago, Pritzker Sch Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, UCLA Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Kaiser UCLA Vaccine Res Grp, Panorama City, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Box 358853,146 N Canal St,Ste 300, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. OI Mell, Loren/0000-0003-2277-6080 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2003 VL 111 IS 2 BP 296 EP 301 DI 10.1542/peds.111.2.296 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 640VR UT WOS:000180709100027 PM 12563054 ER PT J AU Landen, MG Bauer, U Kohn, M AF Landen, MG Bauer, U Kohn, M TI Inadequate supervision as a cause of injury deaths among young children in Alaska and Louisiana SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE injury; supervision; safety ID PEDESTRIAN INJURY; CHILDHOOD INJURY; PREVENTION; RISK AB Objective. Inadequate supervision of children has contributed to injuries. However, the association of inadequate supervision with injury events in children has not been quantified. The purpose of this study was to describe and quantify the role of inadequate supervision of children in injury deaths. Methods. Injury deaths among children aged 0 to 6 years in Alaska during 1993 to 1995 and Louisiana during 1994 were classified using 10 child safety standards to assess the role of parent/caregiver supervision in the circumstances of injury death. Results. The leading categories of injury death for both states combined were motor vehicle injury and fire-related injury. Of the classifiable injury deaths in both states (157 [77%] of 203 deaths), the most commonly violated safety standard was "children should be supervised by a responsible care provider" (64 deaths [41%]). Of these deaths, the caregiver was absent in 38%, and the caregiver increased the danger to the child in 17%. Male injury deaths more typically involved a supervision standard violation. Drowning and pedestrian deaths typically involved a supervision standard violation, whereas asphyxiation, homicide, and occupant motor vehicle injury deaths did not. Conclusion. Alaska and Louisiana child injury deaths were mostly attributed to preventable violations of 10 child safety standards, most commonly the supervision standard. The methods in this report were useful in identifying target populations and causes of death, which can be used to plan and implement interventions to improve supervision of children. C1 New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. Alaska Div Publ Hlth, Anchorage, AK USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. RP Landen, MG (reprint author), New Mexico Dept Hlth, Box 26110, Santa Fe, NM 87502 USA. NR 13 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2003 VL 111 IS 2 BP 328 EP 331 DI 10.1542/peds.111.2.328 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 640VR UT WOS:000180709100032 PM 12563059 ER PT J AU Akinbami, LJ Gandhi, H Cheng, TL AF Akinbami, LJ Gandhi, H Cheng, TL TI Availability of adolescent health services and confidentiality in primary care practices SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE adolescent health services; confidentiality; primary health care ID PEDIATRIC PRACTICE; MEDICINE; ACCESS; INFORMATION; LEGAL AB Background. Little is known about availability of services and confidential care for adolescents in primary care practices or how availability among pediatric practices compares to that among other primary care practices. The objective of this study was to assess self-reported availability of services for medically emancipated conditions and confidential care in primary care practices, to compare physician responses to those from office staff who answer appointment lines, and to compare availability in pediatric practices to other primary care practice types. Methods. We conducted a telephone survey of randomly selected practices from the Washington, DC, metropolitan area in pediatrics (Peds), internal medicine (IM), and family medicine (FM). We asked staff who answer appointment lines about availability of services for medically emancipated conditions and confidential appointments for adolescents. Physicians received the same questions via a mail survey. Responses from office staff and physicians in the same practice were linked for comparison. Results. Of 434 practices contacted by telephone, 372 (86%) responded. Of the 615 physicians surveyed from these 372 practices, 264 (43%) from 170 practices responded to the mail survey. Peds practices were less likely than FM and IM practices to offer services for medically emancipated conditions and were less likely than FM practices to offer confidential services to adolescents. Office staff and physicians from FM and IM had higher agreement compared with Peds about availability of services for medically emancipated conditions. Agreement between office staff and physicians about provision of confidential appointments to adolescents was low among all practice types. However, having a written office policy on adolescent confidentiality was significantly associated with agreement between office staff and physicians about availability of confidential services. Conclusions. Care for medically emancipated conditions and confidential services for adolescents are limited among primary care practices, especially among pediatric practices. All primary care practice types had significant disagreement between office staff and physicians about availability of confidential services to adolescents. Adolescents who call appointment lines are likely to receive inaccurate information about confidentiality policies. Establishing written office policies on adolescent confidentiality may help to improve access to confidential care for adolescents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Mt Washington Pediat Hosp, Cheverly, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Johns Hopkins Childrens Ctr, Div Gen Pediat & Adolescent Med, Baltimore, MD USA. George Washington Univ, Childrens Natl Med Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Akinbami, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Rm 790, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 24 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2003 VL 111 IS 2 BP 394 EP 401 DI 10.1542/peds.111.2.394 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 640VR UT WOS:000180709100042 PM 12563069 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Belay, ED Curns, A Schonberger, LB Steiner, C AF Holman, RC Belay, ED Curns, A Schonberger, LB Steiner, C TI Kawasaki syndrome hospitalizations among children in the United States, 1988-1997 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Healthcare & Cost Utilizat Project, Ctr Organizat & Delivery Studies, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Rockville, MD USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 5 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2003 VL 111 IS 2 BP 448 EP 448 DI 10.1542/peds.111.2.448 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 640VR UT WOS:000180709100061 PM 12563081 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Curns, AT Cheek, JE Singleton, RJ Anderson, LJ Pinner, RW AF Holman, RC Curns, AT Cheek, JE Singleton, RJ Anderson, LJ Pinner, RW TI Infectious disease hospitalizations among American Indian and Alaska Native infants SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE infants; American Indians; Alaska Natives; infectious disease; hospitalizations; epidemiology ID BRONCHIOLITIS-ASSOCIATED HOSPITALIZATIONS; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; CONJUGATE VACCINE; CHILDREN; MORTALITY; TRENDS; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; ILLNESS AB Objective. To describe the burden and trends in hospitalizations associated with infectious diseases among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/ AN) infants. Methods. First-listed infectious disease hospitalizations and hospitalization rates among AI/ AN infants and infants in the general US population from 1988-1999 were analyzed by using Indian Health Service/tribal hospital discharge data and the National Hospital Discharge Survey data, respectively. Results. Infectious disease hospitalizations accounted for 53% of all AI/ AN infant hospitalizations and approximately 43% of all US infant hospitalizations during 1988-1999. The annual hospitalization rate for infectious diseases among AI/ AN infants declined from 27 486 per 100 000 infants in 1988 to 14 178 per 100 000 infants in 1999. However, the rates for AI/ AN infants within the Alaska, Southwest, and Northern Plains regions remained higher than that for the general US infant population at the end of the study period. Lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations accounted for almost 75% of AI/ AN infant infectious disease hospitalizations, and the lower respiratory tract infection hospitalization rate for AI/ AN infants was twice that for US infants. Conclusions. Although infectious disease hospitalization rates for AI/ AN infants have declined, AI/ AN infants continue to have a higher infectious disease burden than the general US infant population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Program Epidemiol, Off Publ Hlth, Indian Hlth Serv Headquarters, Albuquerque, NM USA. CDC, Alaska Nat Tribal Hlth Consortium & Arctic Invest, NCID, US Dept HHS, Anchorage, AK USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, DVRD, NCID,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, NCID, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 53 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD FEB PY 2003 VL 111 IS 2 AR e176 DI 10.1542/peds.111.2.e176 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 640VR UT WOS:000180709100011 PM 12563092 ER PT J AU De Vos, S Arias, E AF De Vos, S Arias, E TI A note on the living arrangements of elders 1970-2000, with special emphasis on hispanic subgroup differentials SO POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE aging; ethnicity; family; Hispanic; living arrangements ID PERSPECTIVES; HEALTH AB Previous research suggests that Hispanic elders, as a group, have been much more likely to live with others, especially adult children, than have other, especially non-Hispanic White, elders. It has also tracked an increase in solitary and couple-only living among the latter group since the turn of the century. However, it has not tracked changed living arrangements among Hispanic elders. When we do so, we find little aggregate change since 1970, but noteworthy change in different directions among different Hispanic subgroups. Thus aggregate figures for a diverse minority group may be masking very real changes and makes it all the more imperative that we consider different Latino groups separately and try to better understand issues of immigration and acculturation. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Demog Hlth & Aging, Madison, WI 53706 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP De Vos, S (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Demog Hlth & Aging, 4412 Social Sci Bldg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-5923 J9 POPUL RES POLICY REV JI Popul. Res. Policy Rev. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 91 EP 101 DI 10.1023/A:1023504322396 PG 11 WC Demography SC Demography GA 673LG UT WOS:000182582000005 ER PT J AU McCree, DH Leichliter, JS Hogben, M St Lawrence, JS AF McCree, DH Leichliter, JS Hogben, M St Lawrence, JS TI National survey by specialty of US physicians' HPV screening practices SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE HPV; health care provider; screening; preventive health services; sexually transmitted diseases ID MANAGEMENT AB Background. High-risk types of HPV are the primary cause of cervical cancer. Objectives. This article reports HPV screening and diagnosis from a survey evaluating community-based physicians' screening, testing, and clinical practices for sexually transmitted diseases. Methods. Surveys mailed to physicians (n = 7,300) obtained information on patients they screen for HPV and cases of HPV diagnosed. Results/conclusions. Seventy percent (70%) of the physicians returned completed surveys. HPV screening was most frequently conducted in female patients by obstetrician/gynecologists and family practice physicians. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP McCree, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, MS-E44,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. FU NIDCD NIH HHS [CDC 200-96-0599] NR 12 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 36 IS 2 BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1016/S0091-7435(02)00021-X PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 650KD UT WOS:000181261700004 PM 12590990 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ AF Alter, MJ TI Epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B SO SEMINARS IN LIVER DISEASE LA English DT Review DE hepatitis B; epidemiology; prevention ID SURFACE-ANTIGEN; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; UNIVERSAL VACCINATION; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; DENTAL PRACTICE; ORAL SURGEON; RISK-FACTORS AB The primary goal of hepatitis B prevention programs is reduction of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and HBV-related chronic liver disease. Although donor screening, risk-reduction counseling and services, and effective infection control practices can reduce or eliminate the potential risk for HBV transmission, immunization is by far the single most effective prevention measure. Worldwide, the integration of hepatitis B vaccine into existing childhood vaccination schedules has the greatest likelihood of long-term success. However, by 2000, only 116 of 215 countries had such a policy, representing 31% of the global birth cohort. In addition, efforts must be strengthened to vaccinate older adolescents and adults with high-risk behaviors or occupations in countries where most HBV transmission and the morbidity associated with acute hepatitis B occur among persons in these age groups. Although continued immunization of successive birth cohorts should achieve the eventual elimination of HBV transmission, this will not occur for decades without successful vaccination of adults at increased risk for infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 99 TC 111 Z9 121 U1 1 U2 5 PU THIEME MEDICAL PUBL INC PI NEW YORK PA 333 SEVENTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0272-8087 J9 SEMIN LIVER DIS JI Semin. Liver Dis. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1 BP 39 EP 46 DI 10.1055/s-2003-37583 PG 8 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 651DD UT WOS:000181304400004 PM 12616449 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Woodley, CL Fountain, FF Schaffner, W AF Jones, TF Woodley, CL Fountain, FF Schaffner, W TI Increased incidence of the outbreak strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the surrounding community after an outbreak in a jail SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; YORK-CITY; INFECTION; PRISON AB Background: Between 1995 and 1997, a tuberculosis outbreak occurred in a large, urban jail. We investigated whether the outbreak strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) was circulating in the surrounding community after that outbreak. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of people with tuberculosis in Shelby County, TN, from January 1998 through August 1999, with molecular fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis strains. Results: From January 1998 through August 1999, 23% of cases in the community involved a strain of M. tuberculosis that was indistinguishable from the previous jail outbreak strain. Twelve people (63%) with that strain had no history of recent incarceration. Conclusion: Two years after a tuberculosis outbreak in the jail, the outbreak strain was more prevalent in the surrounding community than it was during the jail outbreak. Jails can be important reservoirs of tuberculosis, which may subsequently circulate outside the institution. If efforts to eliminate tuberculosis are to be successful, the disease must be controlled successfully in such high-risk populations. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Memphis Shelby Cty Dept Hlth, Memphis, TN USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTH MED J JI South.Med.J. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 96 IS 2 BP 155 EP 157 DI 10.1097/01.SMJ.0000053678.62096.6F PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 651QP UT WOS:000181332300010 PM 12630640 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Viscusi, WK AF Chesson, HW Viscusi, WK TI Commonalities in time and ambiguity aversion for long-term risks SO THEORY AND DECISION LA English DT Article DE ambiguity; discounting; Ellsberg Paradox; risk; uncertainty ID CONSUMPTION DECISIONS; INTERTEMPORAL CHOICE; UNCERTAINTY; RESOLUTION; PROBABILITY; ANOMALIES; DELAY AB Optimal protective responses to long-term risks depend on rational perceptions of ambiguous risks and uncertain time horizons. Our study examined the joint influence of uncertain delay and risk in an original sample of business owners and managers. We found that many subjects disliked uncertainty in the timing of an outcome, a reaction we term "lottery timing risk aversion." Such aversion to uncertain timing was positively related to aversion to ambiguous probabilities for lotteries involving storm damage risks. This association suggests that uncertainty may be processed similarly in both the risk and time dimensions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Law, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop E-80,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 5 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0040-5833 J9 THEOR DECIS JI Theory Decis. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 54 IS 1 BP 57 EP 71 DI 10.1023/A:1025095318208 PG 15 WC Economics; Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods SC Business & Economics; Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences GA 708XH UT WOS:000184595100003 ER PT J AU Foster, JE Bennett, SN Vaughan, H Vorndam, V McMillan, WO Carrington, CVF AF Foster, JE Bennett, SN Vaughan, H Vorndam, V McMillan, WO Carrington, CVF TI Molecular evolution and phylogeny of dengue type 4 virus in the Caribbean SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dengue; DEN-4; phylogeny; evolution; Caribbean; envelope; NSI ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; RECOMBINATION; PATHOGENESIS; POPULATION; MONOCYTES; CORRELATE; BIOLOGY; CLUSTAL; DISEASE; GROWTH AB We sequenced the E gene and adjacent prM/M and NS1 junctions (1940 bp) of 48 Dengue-4 (DEN-4) isolates collected between 1981 and 1999 from 8 Caribbean islands and from 7 South and Central American countries. Phylogenetic analysis confirms a single introduction in the early 1980s and a high degree of gene flow resulting in a pattern of evolution defined more by time period than geographic origin, especially within the Caribbean basin. A modern Caribbean clade consisting of four distinct lineages has arisen, comprised of isolates from Caribbean islands and nearby regions of South America. This clade is defined by three amino acid substitutions in the E (aa 163 and 351) and NS1 (aa 52) proteins. These findings highlight the importance of migration and gene flow in dengue viral change and suggest that efforts to understand disease dynamics in the Caribbean basin need to focus at regional, rather than local scales. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Univ W Indies, Fac Med Sci, Dept Preclin Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Biol, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. Caribbean Epidemiol Ctr, Port of Spain, Trinid & Tobago. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, San Juan Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR USA. RP Carrington, CVF (reprint author), Univ W Indies, Fac Med Sci, Dept Preclin Sci, St Augustine, Trinid & Tobago. NR 33 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 306 IS 1 BP 126 EP 134 AR PII S0042-6822(02)00033-8 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00033-8 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 654TA UT WOS:000181511100015 PM 12620805 ER PT J AU Chang, GJJ Hunt, AR Holmes, DA Springfield, T Chiueh, TS Roehrig, JT Gubler, DJ AF Chang, GJJ Hunt, AR Holmes, DA Springfield, T Chiueh, TS Roehrig, JT Gubler, DJ TI Enhancing biosynthesis and secretion of premembrane and envelope proteins by the chimeric plasmid of dengue virus type 2 and Japanese encephalitis virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE dengue virus type 2; Japanese encephalitis virus; chimeric plasmid; premembrane and envelope proteins; neutralizing antibody ID MAMMALIAN-CELL LINE; MEMORY B-CELLS; DNA VACCINE; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODIES; SUBUNIT VACCINE; MICE; GLYCOPROTEIN; PARTICLES; RESPONSES; IMMUNOGENICITY AB We have constructed a series of plasmids encoding premembrane (prM) and envelope (E) protein genes of dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2). These plasmids included an authentic DEN-2 prM-E construct (pCBD2-14-6), and two chimeric constructs, 90% DEN-2 E-10% Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus E (pCB9D2-1J-4-3) and 80% DEN-2 E-20% JE E (pCB8D2-2J-2-9-1). Monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactivity indicated that all three plasmids expressed authentic DEN-2 virus E protein epitopes representative of flavivirus domains 1, 2, and 3. However, only the pCB8D2-2J-2-9-1 construct secreted high levels of prM, M (membrane), and E proteins into the culture fluid of plasmid-transformed COS-1 cells. The major portion of the prM and E proteins expressed by COS-1 cells transformed by pCBD2-14-6 or pCB9D2-4-3 plasmids remained membrane-bound. The results supported the notion that an unidentified membrane retention sequence is located between E-397 and E-436 of DEN-2 virus E protein. Replacing the carboxyl-terminal 20% of DEN-2 E (397-450) with the corresponding JE sequence had no effect on anti-DEN-2 MAb reactivity, indicating that this region is antigenically inert, although it is required for antigen secretion. Plasmid pCBD2-2J-2-9-1, which expressed secreted forms of prM/M and E that have the potential to form subviral particles, was superior to other constructs in stimulating an antibody response. Ninety percent neutralization titers ranging from 1:40 to >1:1000 were observed in seven of nine serum specimens from pCB8D2-2J-2-9-1-immunized mice. Eleven of twelve 2-day-old neonatal mice, derived from a pCB8D2-2J-2-9-1 immunized female mouse, survived intraperitoneal challenge of DEN-2 New Guinea C virus. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Chang, GJJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 34 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD FEB 1 PY 2003 VL 306 IS 1 BP 170 EP 180 AR PII S0042-6822(02)00028-4 DI 10.1016/S0042-6822(02)00028-4 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 654TA UT WOS:000181511100019 PM 12620809 ER PT J AU Oberste, MS Nix, WA Kilpatrick, DR Flemister, MR Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Nix, WA Kilpatrick, DR Flemister, MR Pallansch, MA TI Molecular epidemiology and type-specific detection of echovirus 11 isolates from the Americas, Europe, Africa, Australia, southern Asia and the Middle East SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE echovirus 11; phylogeny; serotype-specific PCR ID PERINATAL ECHOVIRUS; HUMAN ENTEROVIRUSES; TREE TOPOLOGIES; IDENTIFICATION; POLIOVIRUSES; INFECTIONS; GENOTYPES; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; EVOLUTION AB Echovirus 11 (E11) is among the most commonly isolated uman enteroviruses. To examine the range of genetic variation within the E11 serotype, we determined the complete VPI sequences for 53 geographically dispersed E11 strains isolated in 16 countries from 1953 to 2001. E11 sequences were monophyletic with respect to all other enterovirus serotypes. The sequences clustered into four monophyletic genogroups, A-D; members of each genogroup differed from one another by < 20%. Isolates in different genogroups differed from one another by 19-28%. The E11 prototype strain, USA/CA53-Gregory, was the sole member of genogroup B. All recent US isolates were members of one of two discrete lineages within genogroup D. The well-characterized E11 antigenic variant, USA/CA63-Silva, was also a member of genogroup D. Members of genogroups A and C were antigenically similar to USA/CA53-Gregory, as measured by neutralization with anti-Gregory and anti-Silva antisera. Only USA/CA63-Silva was neutralized more efficiently by the anti-Silva antiserum; other genogroup D viruses were Gregory-like or intermediate in their neutralization phenotype. Recent non-US isolates were distributed in genogroups A, C and D. Sequence similarities among genogroup D isolates from North America, Europe, Asia, Australia and North Africa demonstrate that an E11 strain can spread rapidly over a wide geographic area. The aligned sequences were used to develop an E11-specific RT-PCR assay, using degenerate, inosine-containing primers, to amplify all members of all genogroups. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 36 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD FEB PY 2003 VL 91 IS 2 BP 241 EP 248 AR PII S0168-1702(02)00291-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(02)00291-5 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 644FK UT WOS:000180907100010 PM 12573503 ER PT J AU Damon, I Rotz, L Seward, J Hughes, J AF Damon, I Rotz, L Seward, J Hughes, J TI A smallpox false alarm - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Damon, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 30 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 5 BP 468 EP 468 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 639RU UT WOS:000180643800017 ER PT J AU Little, J Gwinn, M Khoury, M AF Little, J Gwinn, M Khoury, M TI Polymorphisms of adrenergic receptors and the risk of heart failure SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Little, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 30 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 5 BP 469 EP 470 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 639RU UT WOS:000180643800020 ER PT J AU Pearson, TA Mensah, GA Alexander, RW Anderson, JL Cannon, RO Criqui, M Fadl, YY Fortmann, SP Hong, Y Myers, GL Rifai, N Smith, SC Taubert, K Tracy, RP Vinicor, F AF Pearson, TA Mensah, GA Alexander, RW Anderson, JL Cannon, RO Criqui, M Fadl, YY Fortmann, SP Hong, Y Myers, GL Rifai, N Smith, SC Taubert, K Tracy, RP Vinicor, F TI Markers of inflammation and cardiovascular disease application to clinical and public health practice - A statement for healthcare professionals from the centers for disease control and prevention and the American Heart Association SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE AHA scientific statements; C-reactive protein; inflammation; cardiovascular diseases; tests ID C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; UNSTABLE ANGINA-PECTORIS; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE; INCREMENTAL PROGNOSTIC VALUE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; HUMAN ENDOTHELIAL-CELLS; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; STATIN THERAPY; RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPLICATIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Working Grp Lab Sci A, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Working Grp Clin Sci B, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Working Grp Populat Sci C, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pearson, TA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Working Grp Lab Sci A, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Zhou, Gina/D-2837-2009; OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 92 TC 3246 Z9 3461 U1 14 U2 152 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD JAN 28 PY 2003 VL 107 IS 3 BP 499 EP 511 DI 10.1161/01.CIR.0000052939.59093.45 PG 13 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 642CE UT WOS:000180786100041 PM 12551878 ER PT J AU Belay, ED Maddox, RA Gambetti, P Schonberger, LB AF Belay, ED Maddox, RA Gambetti, P Schonberger, LB TI Monitoring the occurrence of emerging forms of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in the United States SO NEUROLOGY LA English DT Review ID BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY; CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE; VARIANT CJD; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; TONSIL BIOPSY; BSE; HUMANS; EPIDEMIC; CATTLE; UK AB Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) attracted increased attention in the mid-1980s because of the emergence among UK cattle of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), which has been shown to be transmitted to humans, causing a variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD). The BSE outbreak has been reported in 19 European countries, Israel, and Japan, and human cases have so far been identified in four European countries, and more recently in a Canadian resident and a US resident who each lived in Britain during the BSE outbreak. To monitor the occurrence of emerging forms of CJD, such as vCJD, in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has been conducting surveillance for human TSEs through several mechanisms, including the establishment of the National Prion Disease Pathology Surveillance Center. Physicians are encouraged to maintain a high index of suspicion for vCJD and use the free services of the pathology center to assess the neuropathology of clinically diagnosed and suspected cases of CJD or other TSEs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Div Neuropathol, Natl Prion Dis Pathol Surveillance Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 48 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0028-3878 J9 NEUROLOGY JI Neurology PD JAN 28 PY 2003 VL 60 IS 2 BP 176 EP 181 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 639ET UT WOS:000180615200004 PM 12557850 ER PT J AU Cannon, MJ Dollard, SC Black, JB Edlin, BR Hannah, C Hogan, SE Patel, MM Jaffe, HW Offermann, MK Spira, TJ Pellett, PE Gunthel, CJ AF Cannon, MJ Dollard, SC Black, JB Edlin, BR Hannah, C Hogan, SE Patel, MM Jaffe, HW Offermann, MK Spira, TJ Pellett, PE Gunthel, CJ TI Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma in men seropositive for both human herpesvirus 8 and human immunodeficiency virus SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE Kaposi's sarcoma; herpesvirus; epidemiology; opportunistic infections; risk factors; homosexual men ID HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 DNA; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; SEROLOGIC ASSAYS; INFECTION; ANTIBODIES; TYPE-1; SEROCONVERSION; INDIVIDUALS; SEQUENCES AB Objective: To identify risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among men seropositive for both human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) and HIV. Design: Cross-sectional study of 91 HHV-8 seropositive, HIV seropositive men who have sex with men (57 with KS), and 70 controls at lower risk for KS. Methods: Patients received clinical evaluations. Blood, oral fluids, semen, rectal brush, rectal swab, and urine were collected, and tests for HHV-8 were performed. Results: Men with KS were more likely to have HHV-8 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) than men without KS [35.1 versus 5.9%, odds ratio (OR), 8.6, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9-39.9]. The prevalence of HHV-8 DNA in oral fluids was similar for the two groups (37.0 versus 32.4%; OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.5-3.0). HHV-8 DNA was rarely detected in specimens of other types from these men, or in any specimens from the 70 controls. Among men with KS, HHV-8 DNA in PBMC was associated with new KS lesions (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.4-14.5), and HHV-8 DNA in oral fluids was associated with oropharyngeal KS lesions (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0-10.1). Men with high HHV-8 antibody titers were more likely to have KS (OR, 9.6; 95% CI, 1.2-78.2), but were less likely to have new KS lesions (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.0-1.1) or HHV-8 DNA in PBMC (OR, 0.2; 95% CI, 0.0-1.6) or oral fluids (OR, undefined; P=0.001). Conclusions: In HHV-8- and HIV-seropositive men, HHV-8 DNA is associated with KS. Among men without KS, HHV-8 DNA is most commonly found in oral fluids. High HHV-8 antibody titers may protect against circulating HHV-8 and new KS lesions. (C) 2003 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. DeKalb Cty Board Hlth, STD Clin Cent Hlth Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cannon, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Cannon, Michael/E-5894-2011; OI Cannon, Michael/0000-0001-5776-5010; Edlin, Brian/0000-0001-8172-8797 NR 30 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD JAN 24 PY 2003 VL 17 IS 2 BP 215 EP 222 DI 10.1097/01.aids.0000042943.55529.48 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 643HN UT WOS:000180856000010 PM 12545082 ER PT J AU Campbell, G Lanciotti, R Bernard, B Lu, H AF Campbell, G Lanciotti, R Bernard, B Lu, H CA CDC TI Laboratory-acquired West Nile Virus infections - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1133-1135, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Campbell, G (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 22 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 4 BP 414 EP 415 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 636TD UT WOS:000180472300005 ER PT J CA WHO CDC TI Global progress toward laboratory containment of wild poliviruses - July 2001-August 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 993-996, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP WHO, Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 22 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 4 BP 415 EP 417 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 636TD UT WOS:000180472300006 ER PT J AU Reynolds, A Gong, T Li, H Hendricks, CK Pelosi, J Lance-Parker, S Staggs, W Miller, C Storm, G Tomlinson, V Herlihy, E Jennings, C Hunt, K Smith, F Daniels, J AF Reynolds, A Gong, T Li, H Hendricks, CK Pelosi, J Lance-Parker, S Staggs, W Miller, C Storm, G Tomlinson, V Herlihy, E Jennings, C Hunt, K Smith, F Daniels, J CA CDC TI Measles outbreak among internationally adopted children arriving in the United States, February-March 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1115-1116, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Int Travelers Hlth Care Ctr, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Jefferson City, MO USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reynolds, A (reprint author), Int Travelers Hlth Care Ctr, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. RI Storm, Gert/O-8696-2016 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 22 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 4 BP 417 EP 418 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 636TD UT WOS:000180472300007 ER PT J AU Dennis, DT Chu, MC AF Dennis, DT Chu, MC TI A major new test for plague SO LANCET LA English DT Editorial Material ID MADAGASCAR C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Dennis, DT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 18 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 9353 BP 191 EP 192 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12320-3 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 637VX UT WOS:000180535400003 PM 12547537 ER PT J AU Bull, F AF Bull, F CA CRA Physical Activity Work Grp TI Defining physical inactivity SO LANCET LA English DT Letter ID HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bull, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Bull, Fiona/G-4148-2012 NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD JAN 18 PY 2003 VL 361 IS 9353 BP 258 EP 259 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12290-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 637VX UT WOS:000180535400043 PM 12547568 ER PT J AU Kirschke, DL Jones, TF Craig, AS Chu, PS Mayernick, GG Patel, JA Schaffner, W AF Kirschke, DL Jones, TF Craig, AS Chu, PS Mayernick, GG Patel, JA Schaffner, W TI Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens contamination associated with a manufacturing defect in bronchoscopes SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; STERILIZATION; ENDOSCOPY AB Background: Several outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens infections associated with bronchoscopy have been reported. We conducted an investigation of P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens isolates related to bronchoscopy at a community hospital. Methods: We reviewed the records of all bronchoscopic procedures at the community hospital from July to October 2001. Environmental samples were obtained. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed on isolates of P. aeruginosa. Results: From July 1 to October 31, 2001, 66 bronchoscopic procedures were performed in 60 patients, and 43 specimens were obtained for bacterial culture; 20 of the specimens (47 percent) were positive for P. aeruginosa. Six (30 percent) of the specimens that were positive for P. aeruginosa also yielded S. marcescens. All 20 P. aeruginosa isolates were associated with procedures performed with three of four new bronchoscopes from the same manufacturer. Contrary to manufacturing specifications, the biopsy-port caps on all four bronchoscopes were easily removable, and P. aeruginosa was cultured from the biopsy ports of the three implicated bronchoscopes. The PFGE patterns of P. aeruginosa isolates from the bronchoscopes, patients, and two environmental samples were indistinguishable. One patient was hospitalized with P. aeruginosa pneumonia 11 days after bronchoscopy. The manufacturer reported a design change instituted in 1997, and production problems may have resulted in the distribution of bronchoscopes that did not meet specifications. Conclusions: We documented contamination of bronchoscopes with P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens and possible infection of patients at a community hospital as a result of the inadequate disinfection of bronchoscopes because of a manufacturing defect. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Skyline Med Ctr, Nashville, TN USA. RP Schaffner, W (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Med Ctr N,Rm A-1124, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. NR 28 TC 73 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 16 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 3 BP 214 EP 220 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa021791 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 635GJ UT WOS:000180390600005 PM 12529461 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Lennox, JL McDougal, LK Sutcliffe, JA Tait-Kamradt, A Tenover, FC AF Butler, JC Lennox, JL McDougal, LK Sutcliffe, JA Tait-Kamradt, A Tenover, FC TI Macrolide-resistant pneumococcal endocarditis and epidural abscess that develop during erythromycin therapy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID 23S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; UNITED-STATES; INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS; IN-VITRO; PENICILLIN; PREVALENCE; MECHANISMS; ADULTS; IDENTIFICATION AB Suppurative complications of Streptococcus pneumoniae infections have become uncommon in the antibiotic era. We report a case of pneumococcal bacteremia and pneumonia complicated with epidural abscess and endocarditis in which macrolide resistance (the MLSB, phenotype) emerged during erythromycin therapy. Genetic determinants known to mediate the most common mechanisms of macrolide resistance (methylation of the 23S rRNA and antibiotic efflux) were not detected by polymerase chain reaction or DNA hybridization. Sequence analysis of the DNA encoding the 23S rRNA of the macrolide-resistant isolate from the patient demonstrated the replacement of adenine by thymine at position 2058 (A2058T) in 2 of 4 alleles. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of the emergence of resistance during macrolide therapy for community-acquired pneumonia, particularly if suppurative complications of pneumococcal infection are suspected. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Infect Dis Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Rib X Pharmaceut, New Haven, CT USA. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014 OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565 NR 57 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 2 BP E19 EP E25 DI 10.1086/344965 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 634HN UT WOS:000180334100021 PM 12522763 ER PT J AU Howard, DH Scott, RD Packard, R Jones, D AF Howard, DH Scott, RD Packard, R Jones, D TI The global impact of drug resistance SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; METHICILLIN-RESISTANT; ECONOMIC-IMPACT; BACTEREMIA; MORTALITY; INFECTIONS; COSTS; TUBERCULOSIS AB Measuring the impact of drug resistance is an important step in understanding the scope of the problem and formulating policies to limit the emergence and spread of resistant organisms. Studies have focused on measuring the increased costs, morbidity, and mortality in patients with infections due to resistant versus susceptible organisms. These have generally found that resistance worsens outcomes. By focusing only on infected patients, however, they may understate the impact of resistance. It is important to recognize that resistance also affects the treatment of individuals with nonresistant organisms. In areas with high rates of resistance, physicians and governments have changed empiric therapy for malaria, tuberculosis, acute respiratory infections, and other diseases, increasing overall treatment costs. In some instances, these costs may exceed those attributable to treatment failure. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hist Sci Med & Technol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Hist, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Alabama, Univ Hosp, Dept Drug Informat, Birmingham, AL USA. RP Howard, DH (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Room 610, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 45 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 36 SU 1 BP S4 EP S10 DI 10.1086/344656 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 634HP UT WOS:000180334200002 PM 12516025 ER PT J AU Engemann, J Kaye, K Cox, G Perfect, J Schell, W McGarry, SA Patterson, K Edupuganti, S Cook, P Rutala, WA Weber, DJ Hoffmann, KK Engel, J Young, S Durant, E McKinnon, K Cobb, N Bell, L Gibson, J Jernigan, D Arduino, M Fridkin, S Archibald, L Sehulster, L Morgan, J Hajjeh, R Brandt, M Warnoch, D Duffus, WA AF Engemann, J Kaye, K Cox, G Perfect, J Schell, W McGarry, SA Patterson, K Edupuganti, S Cook, P Rutala, WA Weber, DJ Hoffmann, KK Engel, J Young, S Durant, E McKinnon, K Cobb, N Bell, L Gibson, J Jernigan, D Arduino, M Fridkin, S Archibald, L Sehulster, L Morgan, J Hajjeh, R Brandt, M Warnoch, D Duffus, WA TI Exophiala infection from contaminated injectable steroids prepared by a compounding pharmacy - United States, July-November 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1109-1112, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. E Carolina Univ, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Statewide Program Infect Control & Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. N Carolina State Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. S Carolina Board Pharm, Columbia, SC USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Engemann, J (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 3 BP 291 EP 293 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 634MV UT WOS:000180345100008 ER PT J AU Chow, CC Montgomery, SP O'Leary, DR Nasci, RS Campbell, GL Kipp, AM Lehman, JA Olson, K Collins, P Marfin, AA AF Chow, CC Montgomery, SP O'Leary, DR Nasci, RS Campbell, GL Kipp, AM Lehman, JA Olson, K Collins, P Marfin, AA TI Provisional surveillance summary of the West Nile virus epidemic - United States, January-November 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1129-1133, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chow, CC (reprint author), CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 3 BP 293 EP 295 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 634MV UT WOS:000180345100009 ER PT J AU Nguyen, Q Morrow, C Novick, L Cambareri, C Olson, B Aubry, R Snedeker, J Anand, M Huang, C Morse, D Rosen, B Wallace, B Wong, S Smith, P O'Leary, D Marfin, A Campbell, G Lanciotti, R AF Nguyen, Q Morrow, C Novick, L Cambareri, C Olson, B Aubry, R Snedeker, J Anand, M Huang, C Morse, D Rosen, B Wallace, B Wong, S Smith, P O'Leary, D Marfin, A Campbell, G Lanciotti, R TI Intrauterine West Nile virus infection - New York, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1135-1136, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Onondaga Cty Hlth Dept, Syracuse, NY 13202 USA. Univ Hosp Syracuse, Syracuse, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nguyen, Q (reprint author), Onondaga Cty Hlth Dept, Syracuse, NY 13202 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 3 BP 295 EP 296 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 634MV UT WOS:000180345100010 ER PT J AU Viscidi, RP Ahdieh-Grant, L Clayman, B Fox, K Massad, LS Cu-Uvin, S Shah, KV Anastos, KM Squires, KE Duerr, A Jamieson, DJ Burk, RD Klein, RS Minkoff, H Palefsky, J Strickler, H Schuman, P Piessens, E Miotti, P AF Viscidi, RP Ahdieh-Grant, L Clayman, B Fox, K Massad, LS Cu-Uvin, S Shah, KV Anastos, KM Squires, KE Duerr, A Jamieson, DJ Burk, RD Klein, RS Minkoff, H Palefsky, J Strickler, H Schuman, P Piessens, E Miotti, P TI Serum immunoglobulin G response to human papillomavirus type 16 virus-like particles in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) - Positive and risk-matched HIV-negative women SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Papillomavirus Conference CY SEP 01-07, 2001 CL FLORIANOPLIS, BRAZIL ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; MAJOR CAPSID PROTEIN; HPV DNA; SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; CYTOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES; PAPANICOLAOU SMEARS; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION; PREVALENCE AB Baseline serum samples from 2815 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 963 HIV-negative women enrolled in 2 cohort studies were tested for immunoglobulin G antibodies to human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) capsids. HPV-16 seropositivity was associated with lifetime number of sex partners (P<.001) among both HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. Approximately 50%-60% of HPV-16 DNA-positive women were HPV-16 positive. HPV-16 seropositivity was associated with HIV infection; however, after adjustment for baseline cervical HPV infection and disease, the association disappeared. Thus, the high seroprevalence of HPV-16 among HIV-positive women may be explained by a high prevalence of HPV of all types. Approximately 50% of HIV-positive women had serological evidence of prior HPV-16 infection, but only &SIM;5% had an HPV-16 cervical infection at baseline. Despite the higher prevalence of HPV infection in this group, most HIV-positive women are able to control HPV-16 replication at the cervix, and reactivation, if it occurs, is not very common. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. NIAID, Div AIDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Maimonides Hosp, Brooklyn, NY 11219 USA. Univ So Calif, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. RP Viscidi, RP (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Blalock Rm 1105,600 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00079, M01-RR00083]; NIAID NIH HHS [U01-AI-31834, U01-AI-34994, AI-42058, U01-AI-35004, U01-AI-42590, AI-34989]; NICHD NIH HHS [U01-HD-32632]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU506831, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU206798]; PHS HHS [U01-A1-34993] NR 49 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 2 BP 194 EP 205 DI 10.1086/346052 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 632MF UT WOS:000180226500004 PM 12552444 ER PT J AU Jennes, W Sawadogo, S Koblavi-Deme, S Vuylsteke, B Maurice, C Roels, TH Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN Kestens, L AF Jennes, W Sawadogo, S Koblavi-Deme, S Vuylsteke, B Maurice, C Roels, TH Chorba, T Nkengasong, JN Kestens, L TI Cellular human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-protective factors: A comparison of HIV-exposed seronegative female sex workers and female blood donors in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA ID BETA-CHEMOKINE PRODUCTION; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; MACROPHAGE-TROPIC HIV-1; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; C-C CHEMOKINES; CD4(+) T-CELLS; TYPE-1 INFECTION; DOWN-REGULATION; IN-VITRO; UNINFECTED INDIVIDUALS AB Cellular factors that may protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were investigated in 27 HIV-exposed seronegative (ESN) female sex workers (FSWs) and 27 HIV-seronegative female blood donors. Compared with blood donors, ESN FSWs had significantly decreased expression levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), but not of C-C chemokine receptor 5, on both memory (P<.001) and naive (P=.041) CD4(+) T cells. CXCR4 down-regulation was associated with prolonged duration of commercial sex work by ESN FSWs. CD38 expression on CD8(+) T cells was significantly increased among ESN FSWs, compared with that among blood donors (P=.017). There were no differences in HLA-DR and CD62L expression between blood donors and ESN FSWs. Proportions of T cells producing the β-chemokines RANTES (regulated on activation, normally T cell-expressed and -secreted), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α, and MIP-1β or the cytokines interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α, were similar in the 2 groups. These data indicate that ESN FSWs differ from HIV-seronegative female blood donors with respect to immunological factors that have no clear protective potential against HIV transmission. C1 Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Immunol Lab, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Projet RETRO Cote Ivoire, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jennes, W (reprint author), Inst Trop Med, Dept Microbiol, Immunol Lab, Natl Str 155, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RI Jennes, Wim/M-2523-2013 OI Jennes, Wim/0000-0002-3125-6389 NR 79 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 2 BP 206 EP 214 DI 10.1086/346049 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 632MF UT WOS:000180226500005 PM 12552445 ER PT J AU Anderson, AD Heryford, AG Sarisky, JP Higgins, C Monroe, SS Beard, RS Newport, CM Cashdollar, JL Fout, GS Robbins, DE Seys, SA Musgrave, KJ Medus, C Vinje, J Bresee, JS Mainzer, HM Glass, RI AF Anderson, AD Heryford, AG Sarisky, JP Higgins, C Monroe, SS Beard, RS Newport, CM Cashdollar, JL Fout, GS Robbins, DE Seys, SA Musgrave, KJ Medus, C Vinje, J Bresee, JS Mainzer, HM Glass, RI TI A waterborne outbreak of Norwalk-like virus among Snowmobilers - Wyoming, 2001 SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; DRINKING-WATER; ILLNESS; SEWAGE AB In February 2001, episodes of acute gastroenteritis were reported to the Wyoming Department of Health from persons who had recently vacationed at a snowmobile lodge in Wyoming. A retrospective cohort study found a significant association between water consumption and illness, and testing identified Norwalk-like virus (NLV) in 8 of 13 stool samples and 1 well. Nucleotide sequences from the positive well-water specimen and 6 of the positive stool samples were identical. This multistrain NLV outbreak investigation illustrates the importance of NLV as a cause of waterborne illness and should encourage monitoring for NLVs in drinking water. C1 CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Environm Hlt, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wyoming Dept Hlth, Prevent Hlth & Safety Div, Cheyenne, WY USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US EPA, Reg Water Program 8, Denver, CO USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Prevent & Control, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Glass, RI (reprint author), CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Environm Hlt, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Vinje, Jan/0000-0002-1530-3675; Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 15 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 187 IS 2 BP 303 EP 306 DI 10.1086/346239 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 632MF UT WOS:000180226500015 PM 12552455 ER PT J AU Calisher, CH Mills, JN Root, JJ Beaty, BJ AF Calisher, CH Mills, JN Root, JJ Beaty, BJ TI Zoonosis update - Hantaviruses: etiologic agents of rare, but potentially life-threatening zoonotic diseases SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; PULMONARY SYNDROME; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; RESERVOIR; OUTBREAK; RODENTS C1 Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Calisher, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Coll Vet Med, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU813420] NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 15 PY 2003 VL 222 IS 2 BP 163 EP 166 DI 10.2460/javma.2003.222.163 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 634PX UT WOS:000180350500018 PM 12555978 ER PT J AU Reyes, M Shaik, NS Graber, JM Nisenbaum, R Wetherall, NT Fukuda, K Reeves, WC AF Reyes, M Shaik, NS Graber, JM Nisenbaum, R Wetherall, NT Fukuda, K Reeves, WC CA Task Force Herpes Simplex Virus TI Acyclovir-resistant genital herpes among persons attending sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficiency virus clinics SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID SIMPLEX VIRUS; DRUG-RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; TYPE-2; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PATHOGENICITY; SENSITIVITY; SUPPRESSION; INFECTIONS; FOSCARNET AB Background: Genital herpes is epidemic in the United States; long-term acyclovir therapy is common; and longterm use of antimicrobials in suppressive doses favors development of resistance. Objective: To determine the prevalence of and risk factors for acyclovir-resistant genital herpes. Methods: We identified and attempted to enroll all patients 18 years or older with suspected genital herpes who attended 22 sexually transmitted disease and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics in the United States between October 1996 and April 1998. We conducted standardized interviews of all consenting patients. Lesions were cultured, and isolates were typed as herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 or HSV-2 and tested for acyclovir sensitivity (using a 50% inhibitory concentration of 2 pg/mL) by plaque reduction, which was independently confirmed. Results: Herpes simplex virus was isolated from 2088 of 3602 patients, and 90.2% of isolates were HSV-2. Fifteen isolates, all HSV-2, were acyclovir resistant. Three (0.18%) of 1644 HIV-negative patients had acyclovirresistant isolates (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04%0.5%); resistance was associated with oral (P<.006) and topical (P<.001) acyclovir use. Twelve (5.3%) of 226 HIV-positive patients yielded resistant HSV isolates (95% Cl, 2.8%-9.1%); resistance was associated with oral acyclovir use (P<.001), duration of the current episode (P<.001), history of recurrent genital herpes (P<.01), and low CD4 cell count (P<.05). Conclusions: In the 15 years following licensure of acyclovir, resistance to the drug remains low among immunocompetent patients. However, 5% of HIV-positive patients had resistant HSV-2 isolates. Continued surveillance is essential to monitor changes in acyclovir resistance and to characterize the clinical and public health importance of acyclovir-resistant HSV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ViroMed Labs Inc, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Reeves, WC (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop A-15,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 91 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD JAN 13 PY 2003 VL 163 IS 1 BP 76 EP 80 DI 10.1001/archinte.163.1.76 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 635BZ UT WOS:000180378900009 PM 12523920 ER PT J AU Althuis, MD Brogan, DR Coates, RJ Daling, JR Gammon, MD Malone, KE Schoenberg, JB Brinton, LA AF Althuis, MD Brogan, DR Coates, RJ Daling, JR Gammon, MD Malone, KE Schoenberg, JB Brinton, LA TI Hormonal content and potency of oral contraceptives and breast cancer risk among young women SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; oestrogen; formulation; oral contraceptives; progestin ID UNITED-STATES; PROLIFERATION; PROGESTINS; RECALL; TRENDS; AGE AB Recent use of oral contraceptive pills is associated with a modest risk of breast cancer among very young women. In this US population-based case-control study, we evaluated whether the excess risk associated with recent oral contraceptive use is ubiquitous for all pill types or attributable to specific oral contraceptive preparations. Hormonal content and potency of combination oral contraceptives used for the longest duration within 5 years of inter-view for breast cancer cases aged 20-44 years (N = 1640) were compared with age-matched community controls (N = 1492). Women who recently used oral contraceptives containing more than 35 mug of ethinyl oestradiol per pill were at higher risk of breast cancer than users of lower dose preparations when compared to never users (respective relative risks of 1.99 and 1.27, P-trend <0.01). This relationship was more marked among women <35 years of age, where risks associated with high- and low-dose ethinyl oestradiol use were 3.62 and 1.91 (P-trend <0.01), respectively. We also found significant trends of increasing breast cancer risk for pills with higher progestin and oestrogen potencies (P-trend <0.05), which were most pronounced among women aged <35 years of age (P-trend <0.01). Risk was similar across recently used progestin types. Our findings suggest that newer low-potency/low oestrogen dose oral contraceptives may impart a lower risk of breast cancer than that associated with earlier high-potency/high-dose preparations. (C) 2003 Cancer Research UK. C1 NCI, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27515 USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP Althuis, MD (reprint author), NCI, Environm Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,Rm 7084,EPS MSC 7234, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 NR 39 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD JAN 13 PY 2003 VL 88 IS 1 BP 50 EP 57 DI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600691 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 647EF UT WOS:000181078900010 PM 12556959 ER PT J AU Newton, R Ziegler, J Bourboulia, D Casaborne, D Beral, V Mbidde, E Carpenter, L Reeves, G Parkin, DM Wabinga, H Mbulaiteye, S Jaffe, H Weiss, R Boshoff, C AF Newton, R Ziegler, J Bourboulia, D Casaborne, D Beral, V Mbidde, E Carpenter, L Reeves, G Parkin, DM Wabinga, H Mbulaiteye, S Jaffe, H Weiss, R Boshoff, C CA Uganda Kaposis Sarcoma Study TI The sero-epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) in adults with cancer in Uganda SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE KSH/HHV-8; Kaposi's sarcoma; HIV; Uganda ID MOTHER-TO-CHILD; PERIPHERAL-BLOOD; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 INFECTION; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; RISK-FACTORS; VIRAL LOAD; ANTIBODIES; AIDS; POPULATION; PREVALENCE AB The association between the prevalence of antibodies against Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or human herpesvirus 8 [HHV-8]) and sociodemographic, sexual, reproductive and lifestyle factors was investigated in a study of adults presenting with cancer at hospitals in Kampala, Uganda. Patients were interviewed and tested for antibodies against KSHV (using an indirect immunofluorescent assay). Data are presented for 607 patients who were not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus-I (HIV) and who did not have Kaposi's sarcoma (these included people with cancers of the uterine cervix [140], breast [58], liver [4 1], oesophagus [36], lymphoma [47], other cancers [285] and benign tumours [63]). The prevalence of anti-KSHV antibodies was 50% overall (302/607) and did not differ significantly by cancer site (p = 0.4) or sex (p = 0.2), but increased linearly with age from 35% in those under 25 years to 55% in those 45 years and over (chi(2) trend [1 df] = 9.1; p < 0.001). After adjusting for age and sex, anti-KSHV antibodies were more common in tribal groups other than the Baganda tribe (54% vs. 45% among Baganda; p = 0.02), but there was no significant (p > 0.05) variation in seroprevalence by district of birth, region of residence prior to becoming ill or various measures of wealth. The prevalence of anti-KSHV antibodies decreased with increasing number of older siblings, although this may be due to chance (p = 0.05) and was higher among people who had ever been married (p = 0.03). There was no significant association (p > 0.05) between the presence of antibodies against KSHV and other sexual and reproductive factors. Among the 302 patients with anti-KSHV antibodies, the proportion with high titres increased linearly with increasing age (p = 0.03) and was higher among those reporting having had a blood transfusion (p = 0.03). In conclusion, in this population in Uganda, where KSHV is relatively common, the prevalence of anti-KSHV antibodies increased with age but showed little association with nearly SO other factors studied. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Radcliffe Infirm, Epidemiol Unit, Canc Res UK, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. Uganda Canc Inst, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Kampala, Uganda. Wolfson Inst, Viral Oncol Grp, Canc Res UK, London, England. Uganda Virus Res Inst, MRC Programme AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL, Windeyer Inst, London, England. RP Newton, R (reprint author), Radcliffe Infirm, Epidemiol Unit, Canc Res UK, Gibson Bldg, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. EM rob.newton@cancer.org.uk RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013; Casabonne, Delphine/H-6425-2014 NR 32 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 103 IS 2 BP 226 EP 232 DI 10.1002/ijc.10817 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 625BJ UT WOS:000179796800016 PM 12455037 ER PT J AU Ziegler, J Newton, R Bourboulia, D Casabonne, D Beral, V Mbidde, E Carpenter, L Reeves, G Parkin, DM Wabinga, H Mbulaiteye, S Jaffe, H Weiss, R Boshoff, C AF Ziegler, J Newton, R Bourboulia, D Casabonne, D Beral, V Mbidde, E Carpenter, L Reeves, G Parkin, DM Wabinga, H Mbulaiteye, S Jaffe, H Weiss, R Boshoff, C CA Uganda Kaposis Sarcoma Study TI Risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma: A case-control study of HIV-seronegative people in Uganda SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE KSHV/HHV-8; Kaposi's sarcoma; HIV; Uganda ID CANCER; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; HERPESVIRUS; ANTIBODIES; KAMPALA; AFRICA; ADULTS; AIDS AB As part of a larger investigation of cancer in Uganda, we conducted a case-control study of Kaposi's sarcoma in human immunodeficiency virus-I (HIV)-seronegative adults presenting at hospitals in Kampala. Cases comprised 117 HIV-seronegative patients with Kaposi's sarcoma and controls comprised 1,282 HIV-seronegative patients with a provisional diagnosis of cancer other than Kaposi's sarcoma. Study participants were interviewed about social and lifestyle factors, tested for HIV and, if there was sufficient sera, for antibodies against Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV or human herpesvirus 8 [HHV8]), using an immunofluorescent assay. Independent effects of these factors were identified using unconditional logistic regression, after adjusting for age group (<30, 30-44, 45+) and sex. Antibody status for KSHV was available for 68% (80) of cases and for 45% (607) of controls. Among cases, 78% (91) were male and 57% (66) were over the age of 35. Cases were more likely than controls to be from tribal groups other than the Baganda (p = 0.05), to have higher household incomes (p = 0.003), to have left their home region at younger ages (p < 0.001), to own goats or pigs (p = 0.02) and to rarely or never use shoes (p < 0.001). Similar results were obtained when analyses were restricted to cases and controls with anti-KSHV antibodies. The seroprevalence of KSHV was 79% (63/80) in those with Kaposi's sarcoma as compared to 50% (302/607) in those without (X 2 heterogeneity (1 df) = 21.0; p < 0.001) and the risk of the tumour increased with increasing anti-KSHV antibody titres (chi(2) trend (1 df) = 29.7; p < 0.001). The risk of Kaposi's sarcoma is clearly linked to antibody status for KSHV, but it would seem that in Uganda other factors are also important in the development of the tumour. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Radcliffe Infirm, Epidemiol Unit, Canc Res UK, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. Uganda Canc Inst, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Sch Med, Kampala, Uganda. Wolfson Inst, Canc Res UK, Viral Oncol Grp, London, England. Uganda Virus Res Inst, MRC Programme AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda. Int Agcy Res Canc, Lyon, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL, Windeyer Inst, London, England. RP Newton, R (reprint author), Radcliffe Infirm, Epidemiol Unit, Canc Res UK, Gibson Bldg, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. EM rob.newton@cancer.org.uk RI Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013; Casabonne, Delphine/H-6425-2014 NR 18 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0020-7136 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD JAN 10 PY 2003 VL 103 IS 2 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1002/ijc.10818 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 625BJ UT WOS:000179796800017 PM 12455038 ER PT J AU Cramer, EH Forney, D Dannenberg, AL Widdowson, MA Bresee, JS Monroe, S Beard, RS White, H Bulens, S Mintz, E Stover, C Isakbaeva, E Mullins, J Wright, J Hsu, V Chege, W Varma, J AF Cramer, EH Forney, D Dannenberg, AL Widdowson, MA Bresee, JS Monroe, S Beard, RS White, H Bulens, S Mintz, E Stover, C Isakbaeva, E Mullins, J Wright, J Hsu, V Chege, W Varma, J TI Outbreaks of gastroenteritis associated with noroviruses on cruise ships - United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1112-1115, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID NORWALK VIRUS; ILLNESS C1 CDC, Vessel Sanitat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cramer, EH (reprint author), CDC, Vessel Sanitat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 8 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 2 BP 167 EP 169 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 632ME UT WOS:000180226400009 ER PT J AU Elder, RW Shults, RA AF Elder, RW Shults, RA TI Involvement by young drivers in fatal alcohol-related motor-vehicle crashes - United States, 1982-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1089-1091, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Elder, RW (reprint author), CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 8 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 2 BP 169 EP 170 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 632ME UT WOS:000180226400010 ER PT J AU Thompson, WW Shay, DK Weintraub, E Brammer, L Cox, N Anderson, LJ Fukuda, K AF Thompson, WW Shay, DK Weintraub, E Brammer, L Cox, N Anderson, LJ Fukuda, K TI Mortality associated with influenza and respiratory syncytial virus in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID ELDERLY PERSONS; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; US CHILDREN; VACCINE; DISEASE; ADULTS; INFECTION; OLDER; COMMUNITY AB Context Influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Statistical methods used to estimate deaths in the United States attributable to influenza have not accounted for RSV circulation. Objective To develop a statistical model using national mortality and viral surveillance data to estimate annual influenza- and RSV-associated deaths in the United States, by age group, virus, and influenza type and subtype. Design, Setting, and Population Age-specific Poisson regression models using national viral surveillance data for the 1976-1977 through 1998-1999 seasons were used to estimate influenza-associated deaths. Influenza- and RSV-associated deaths were simultaneously estimated for the 1990-1991 through 1998-1999 seasons. Main Outcome Measures Attributable deaths for 3 categories: underlying pneumonia and influenza, underlying respiratory and circulatory, and all causes. Results Annual estimates of influenza-associated deaths increased significantly between the 1976-1977 and 1998-1999 seasons for all 3 death categories (P<.001 for each category). For the 1990-1991 through 1998-1999 seasons, the greatest mean numbers of deaths were associated with influenza A(H3N2) viruses, followed by RSV, influenza B, and influenza A(H1N1). Influenza viruses and RSV, respectively, were associated with annual means (SD) of 8097 (3084) and 2707 (196) underlying pneumonia and influenza deaths, 36155 (11055) and 11321 (668) underlying respiratory and circulatory deaths, and 51203 (15081) and 17358 (1086) all-cause deaths. For underlying respiratory and circulatory deaths, 90% of influenza- and 78% of RSV-associated deaths occurred among persons aged 65 years or older, Influenza was associated with more deaths than RSV in all age groups except for children younger than 1 year. On average, influenza was associated with 3 times as many deaths as RSV. Conclusions Mortality associated with both influenza and RSV circulation disproportionately affects elderly persons. Influenza deaths have increased substantially in the last 2 decades, in part because of aging of the population, underscoring the need for better prevention measures, including more effective vaccines and vaccination programs for elderly persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thompson, WW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Safety Branch, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 46 TC 2020 Z9 2105 U1 21 U2 264 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 8 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 2 BP 179 EP 186 DI 10.1001/jama.289.2.179 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 632ME UT WOS:000180226400028 PM 12517228 ER PT J AU Subbarao, K Chen, HL Swayne, D Mingay, L Fodor, E Brownlee, G Xu, XY Lu, XH Katz, J Cox, N Matsuoka, Y AF Subbarao, K Chen, HL Swayne, D Mingay, L Fodor, E Brownlee, G Xu, XY Lu, XH Katz, J Cox, N Matsuoka, Y TI Evaluation of a genetically modified reassortant H5N1 influenza A virus vaccine candidate generated by plasmid-based reverse genetics SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE pandemic influenza; vaccines; H5N1 vaccine; reverse genetics ID HONG-KONG; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; CLEAVAGE SITE; HUMANS; POULTRY; H9N2; INFECTION; PATHOGENESIS; PROTECTION AB Avian influenza A H5N1 viruses similar to those that infected humans in Hong Kong in 1997 continue to circulate in waterfowl and have reemerged in poultry in the region, raising concerns that these viruses could reappear in humans. The currently licensed trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines contain hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase genes from epidemic strains in a background of internal genes derived from the vaccine donor strain, A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8). Such reassortant candidate vaccine viruses are currently not licensed for the prevention of human infections by H5N1 influenza viruses. A transfectant H5N1/PR8 virus was generated by plasmid-based reverse genetics. The removal of the multibasic amino acid motif in the HA gene associated with high pathogenicity in chickens, and the new genotype of the H5N1/PR8 transfectant virus, attenuated the virus for chickens and mice without altering the antigenicity of the HA. A Formalin-inactivated vaccine prepared from this virus was immunogenic and protected mice from subsequent wild-type H5N1 virus challenge. This is the first successful attempt to develop an H5N1 vaccine seed virus resembling those used in currently licensed influenza A vaccines with properties that make it a promising candidate for further evaluation in humans. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, USDA, Athens, GA USA. Univ Oxford, Sir William Dunn Sch Pathol, Oxford OX1 3RE, England. RP Subbarao, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Mailstop G-16,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 188 Z9 224 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD JAN 5 PY 2003 VL 305 IS 1 BP 192 EP 200 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1742 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 632FX UT WOS:000180214200018 PM 12504552 ER PT J AU Khoury, MJ McCabe, LL McCabe, ERB AF Khoury, MJ McCabe, LL McCabe, ERB TI Genomic medicine - Population screening in the age of genomic medicine. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; DRIED BLOOD SPECIMENS; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USERS; CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; UNITED-STATES; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM; MCAD DEFICIENCY; POOLED ANALYSIS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; HEMOCHROMATOSIS C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genom & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Ctr Soc Individual & Genet, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP McCabe, ERB (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, David Geffen Sch Med, Dept Pediat, 10833 Le Conte Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 74 TC 201 Z9 206 U1 3 U2 8 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD JAN 2 PY 2003 VL 348 IS 1 BP 50 EP 58 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 630WY UT WOS:000180134400008 PM 12510043 ER PT J AU Hungerford, DW Pollock, DA AF Hungerford, DW Pollock, DA TI Emergency department services for patients with alcohol problems: Research directions SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE emergency service, hospital; alcoholism; mass screening; preventive health services; referral and consultation; alcohol drinking; research ID BRIEF INTERVENTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PRIMARY-CARE; ADVICE; INJURY; POPULATION; DRINKERS; RISK AB This report summarizes recommendations on research directions developed from the conference "Alcohol Problems among Emergency Department Patients: Research on Identification and Intervention." The conference was developed in order to evaluate the existing state of the art research on emergency department interventions for alcohol problems, and offer further recommendations for research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DIDOP, NCIPC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hungerford, DW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DIDOP, NCIPC, MS F-41,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 6 U2 6 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 79 EP 84 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2003.tb01982.x PG 6 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 632YH UT WOS:000180252100013 PM 12511321 ER PT J AU Nikolaou, K Varinou, L Inoue, N Arsenakis, M AF Nikolaou, K Varinou, L Inoue, N Arsenakis, M TI Identification and characterization of gene products of ORF U90/89 of human herpesvirus 6 SO ACTA VIROLOGICA LA English DT Article DE human herpesvirus 6; immediate early gene; U90/89; U90; IE-A region ID HUMAN CYTOMEGALO-VIRUS; BINDING PROTEIN; CODING CONTENT; SIMPLEX; GENOME; INFECTION; SEQUENCE; REGION; TRANSCRIPTION; EVOLUTION AB Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) isolates can be classified into two variants, A and B. Comparison of genomic sequences of these variants has highlighted sequence variability in the region spanning U86 to U100. This region includes the immediate early A (IE-A) locus that was defined as positional homologue of the major IE locus of Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) with little recognizable sequence homologies. A 3.5 kb transcript, one of the four spliced transcripts identified in the IE-A locus, is derived from the U90/89 ORF encoding the IE1 protein. We expressed six Escherichia coli fragments spanning the HHV-6A U90/89 ORF as IE1 fusion proteins. The bacterially expressed fusion protein was used to raise monospecific polyclonal antiserum for detection and identification of the IE1 protein product(s) Using this antiserum we detected 165, 190, and >190 K proteins in HHV-6A- and HHV-6B-infected cells and the 165 K protein in cells transfected with an IE1 cDNA construct. The IE1 proteins exhibited perinuclear and cytoplasmic localization in infected cells. There was a correlation between the expression level of IE1 and the degree of permissiveness for virus growth in various cell lines. In transient expression experiments a 140 bp fragment from the upstream IE-A region was shown to possess promoter activity. The C-terminal region of IE1 delineated by amino acids (aa) 588 to 636 showed a DNA binding activity in Southwestern blot analysis. C1 Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Biol, Sect Genet Dev & Mol Biol, Lab Gen Microbiol, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Arsenakis, M (reprint author), Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Sch Biol, Sect Genet Dev & Mol Biol, Lab Gen Microbiol, Thessaloniki 54006, Greece. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLOVAK ACADEMIC PRESS LTD PI BRATISLAVA PA PO BOX 57 NAM SLOBODY 6, 810 05 BRATISLAVA, SLOVAKIA SN 0001-723X J9 ACTA VIROL JI Acta Virol. PY 2003 VL 47 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 680TP UT WOS:000182994900003 PM 12828339 ER PT S AU Lehner, T Stanford, MR Phipps, PA Sun, JB Xiao, BG Holmgren, J Shinnick, T Hasan, A Mizushima, Y AF Lehner, T Stanford, MR Phipps, PA Sun, JB Xiao, BG Holmgren, J Shinnick, T Hasan, A Mizushima, Y BE Zouboulis, CC TI Immunopathogenesis and prevention of uveitis with the Behcet's disease-specific peptide linked to cholera toxin B SO ADAMANTIADES-BEHCET'S DISEASE SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Behcets Disease CY JUN 27-29, 2002 CL BERLIN, GERMANY SP Int Soc Behcets Dis ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; DELTA T-CELLS; RECURRENT ORAL ULCERS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; STREPTOCOCCUS-SANGUIS; APHTHOUS STOMATITIS; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CARRIER MOLECULES; INTERFERON-GAMMA C1 Univ London Kings Coll, Guys Kings & St Thomas Hosp, Sch Med, London WC2R 2LS, England. Univ Gothenburg, Vaccine Res Inst, Gothenburg, Sweden. Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Med Sci, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Lehner, T (reprint author), Univ London Kings Coll, Guys Kings & St Thomas Hosp, Sch Med, London WC2R 2LS, England. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0065-2598 BN 0-306-47757-2 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2003 VL 528 BP 173 EP 180 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC General & Internal Medicine; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BX24X UT WOS:000184737700034 PM 12918685 ER PT J AU Berman, BA Wong, GC Bastani, R Hoang, T Jones, C Goldstein, DR Bernert, JT Hammond, KS Tashkin, D Lewis, MA AF Berman, BA Wong, GC Bastani, R Hoang, T Jones, C Goldstein, DR Bernert, JT Hammond, KS Tashkin, D Lewis, MA TI Household smoking behavior and ETS exposure among children with asthma in low-income, minority households SO ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS LA English DT Article DE environmental tobacco smoke; asthma; urine cotinine; children; smoking; minority ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN CHILDREN; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; PARENTAL SMOKING; PASSIVE SMOKING; RISK-FACTORS; BRONCHIAL RESPONSIVENESS; URINARY COTININE; CONTROLLED TRIAL AB Environmental tobacco.,smoke (ETS) exposure was measured among 242 children with asthma who live in homes where at least one person smokes. Subjects were identified through clinics, schools, community agencies, and hospitals serving low-income, medically underserved communities in Los Angeles. Parents were surveyed about smoking behaviors in the household, children's ETS exposure, and attitudes towards smoking and smoking behavior change. Validation measures included urine cotinine for the child with asthma and passive air nicotine monitors placed in the subjects' homes. Overall reported levels of household smoking and ETS exposure were low, with a significant amount of household smoking taking place outside rather than inside the home. Over 47% of the respondents reported absolute restrictions against smoking in the home, and these restrictions were associated with lower reported levels of smoking, ETS exposure, and air nicotine and urine cotinine concentrations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Canc Prevent & Control Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Los Angeles Cty USC Med Ctr, Div Allergy & Immunol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, NCEH, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Nursing, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Berman, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr, Div Canc Prevent & Control Res, A2-125 CHS,Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RI Travers, Mark/C-7832-2011 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL53957] NR 50 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4603 J9 ADDICT BEHAV JI Addict. Behav. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 28 IS 1 BP 111 EP 128 AR PII S0306-4603(01)00221-0 DI 10.1016/S0306-4603(01)00221-0 PG 18 WC Psychology, Clinical; Substance Abuse SC Psychology; Substance Abuse GA 638FF UT WOS:000180560400009 PM 12507531 ER PT J AU Smith, J Bartley, D AF Smith, J Bartley, D TI Effect of sampler and manikin conductivity on the sampling efficiency of manikin-mounted personal samplers SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSTATIC CHARGE; ASBESTOS; DUST AB Experiments were performed that examined how the electrical conductivity of personal samplers and the manikin on which the samplers were mounted affected sampling efficiency. These experiments were done in a wind tunnel using a 7 mum Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter (MMAD) aerosol with conductive Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) samplers and conductive and nonconductive 37 mmcassettes mounted on a life-sized manikin, which was conductive or nonconductive. The charge on the aerosol was neutralized for some experiments. Nonconductive samplers gave lower sampling efficiency than conductive samplers for both the conductive manikin and nonconductive manikin, and the nonconductive manikin gave lower sampling efficiencies with both conductive and nonconductive samplers. These effects were smaller at reduced levels of charge on the aerosol. It is important to consider the conductivity of the manikin when designing experiments to determine the sampling efficiency of personal samplers mounted on a manikin. C1 NIOSH, US Dept HHS, US Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent,Div Appl Sci & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Smith, J (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Appl Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy R23, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 37 IS 1 BP 79 EP 81 DI 10.1080/02786820390112605 PG 3 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 641BF UT WOS:000180723600007 ER PT J AU Boneva, RS Grindon, AJ Orton, SL Switzer, WM Shanmugam, V Hussain, AI Bhullar, VB Chamberland, ME Heneine, W Folks, TM Chapman, LE AF Boneva, RS Grindon, AJ Orton, SL Switzer, WM Shanmugam, V Hussain, AI Bhullar, VB Chamberland, ME Heneine, W Folks, TM Chapman, LE TI Simian foamy virus infection in a blood donor. SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 09-12, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Red Cross Blood Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 2003 VL 19 SU S MA P134 BP S67 EP S68 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 685TU UT WOS:000183280000210 ER PT J AU Boneva, RS Switzer, WM Spira, TJ Shanmugam, V Bhullar, VB Lam, L Hussain, AI Cummins, JE Heneine, W Folks, TM Chapman, LE AF Boneva, RS Switzer, WM Spira, TJ Shanmugam, V Bhullar, VB Lam, L Hussain, AI Cummins, JE Heneine, W Folks, TM Chapman, LE TI Interim results from a prospective cohort study of persons infected with simian foamy virus (SFV). SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 09-12, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 2003 VL 19 SU S MA P126 BP S65 EP S65 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 685TU UT WOS:000183280000202 ER PT J AU Meertens, L Shanmugam, V Gessain, A Beer, BE Tooze, Z Heneine, W Switzer, WM AF Meertens, L Shanmugam, V Gessain, A Beer, BE Tooze, Z Heneine, W Switzer, WM TI A novel, divergent simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type 3 in a wild-caught red-capped mangabey (Cercocebus torquatus) from Nigeria. SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 09-12, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA C1 Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIAID, Rockville, MD USA. Cercopan, Calabar, Nigeria. RI Meertens, Laurent/E-8043-2017 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 2003 VL 19 SU S MA P6 BP S30 EP S30 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 685TU UT WOS:000183280000082 ER PT J AU Switzer, WM Shanmugam, V Bhullar, V Yee, J Lerche, NW Parekh, B Boneva, RS Chapman, LE Folks, TM Heneine, W AF Switzer, WM Shanmugam, V Bhullar, V Yee, J Lerche, NW Parekh, B Boneva, RS Chapman, LE Folks, TM Heneine, W TI Simian retrovirus infection in persons occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates. SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 09-12, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 2003 VL 19 SU S MA P128 BP S66 EP S66 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 685TU UT WOS:000183280000204 ER PT J AU Wolfe, ND Switzer, WM Carr, JK Bhullar, VB Shanmugam, V Tamoufe, U Prosser, AT Torimiro, JN Mpoudi-Ngole, E McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Folks, TM Burke, DS Heneine, W AF Wolfe, ND Switzer, WM Carr, JK Bhullar, VB Shanmugam, V Tamoufe, U Prosser, AT Torimiro, JN Mpoudi-Ngole, E McCutchan, FE Birx, DL Folks, TM Burke, DS Heneine, W TI Naturally acquired simian foamy virus (SFV) infection among central African hunters. SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 11th International Conference on Human Retrovirology: HTLV and Related Viruses CY JUN 09-12, 2003 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. US Mil HIV Res Program, Washington, DC USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PY 2003 VL 19 SU S MA O40 BP S18 EP S18 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 685TU UT WOS:000183280000041 ER PT J AU Bennett, JS Crouch, KG Shulman, SA AF Bennett, JS Crouch, KG Shulman, SA TI Control of wake-induced exposure using an interrupted oscillating jet SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE computational fluid dynamics; ventilation design; vortex formation ID FREESTREAM AB A problem may arise in ventilation design when the contaminant source is located in the worker's wake, where turbulence and vortex formation can carry the contaminant into the breathing zone even though the source is downwind. It was found previously that forced directional variations in the flow can reduce or eliminate the vortex formation that causes these local reversals. Reported here is a simple realization of this concept, in which an oscillating jet of air was directed at a mannequin in an otherwise steady flow of air. A 50th percentile male mannequin was placed in a nearly uniform flow of approximately 0.18 m/sec (36 ft/min). A low-velocity tracer gas source (isobutylene) was held in the standing mannequin's hands with the upper arms vertical and the elbows at 90degrees. Four ventilation scenarios were compared by concentration measurements in the breathing zone, using photoionization detectors: (A) uniform flow; (B) addition of a steady jet with initial velocity 5.1 m/sec (1.0 x 10(3) ft/min) directed at the mannequin's back, parallel to the main flow; (C) making the jet oscillate to 45degrees on either side of the centerline with a period of 13 sec; and (D) introducing a blockage at the centerline so the oscillating jet never blew directly at the worker. At the 97.5% confidence level the interrupted oscillating jet (case D) achieved at least 99% exposure reduction compared with the uniform flow by itself (case A), at least 93% compared with the steady jet (case B), and at least 45% exposure reduction compared with the unblocked oscillating jet (case C). C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Monitoring Res & Stat Act, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Bennett, JS (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Engn & Phys Hazards Branch, MS R5,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 64 IS 1 BP 24 EP 29 DI 10.1080/15428110308984779 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 644CM UT WOS:000180900400005 PM 12570392 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Erickson, JD AF Yang, QH Erickson, JD TI Influence of reporting error on the relation between blood folate concentrations and reported folic acid-containing dietary supplement use among reproductive-aged women in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE folic acid; blood folate concentration; misclassification; Third National Health and Nutrition Examination; Ssurvey; NHANES III ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; HOMOCYSTEINE CONCENTRATIONS; PLASMA HOMOCYSTEINE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; SERUM FOLATE; FORTIFICATION; PREVENTION; RISK; PREGNANCY AB Background: Folic acid intake is the most important predictor of blood folate concentrations among nonpregnant women, but the reporting of folic acid-containing supplement use is subject to error. Objective: We assessed the effect of reporting error of supplement use on blood folate concentrations. Design: Data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Respondents to that survey were asked twice about supplement use: ie, during the household interview, to recall use in the previous month, and during the physical examination, to recall use in the previous 24 h. To examine the effect of error reporting, we classified women (aged 15-44 y) into 5 groups according to supplement use in the previous month (nonusers, those ingesting < 400 μg/ d, and those ingesting &GE;400 μg/d) and in the 24 h before the physical examination (yes or no). We expected nonappreciable differences in red blood cell (RBC) folate concentration by status of 24-h recall within the same category of previous-month use because RBC folate reflects long-term average consumption. We calculated covariate-adjusted means of serum and RBC folate concentrations. Results: Among women who reported average daily use of >400 μg folic acid in the previous month, the adjusted mean RBC folate was 436.5 nmol/L (95% CI: 406.7, 466.3 nmol/L) in those who did not take the supplement in the previous 24 h and 519.7 nmot/L (95% Cl: 496.2, 543.2 nmoI/L) in those who did do so (P < 0.01). This significant difference indicates apparently erroneous reporting of supplement use in the previous month by some participants. Conclusion: The effect of reporting error on blood folate concentrations is important in interpreting survey results, evaluating health education campaigns, and identifying populations needing special education programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 1 BP 196 EP 203 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 627YZ UT WOS:000179965700027 PM 12499342 ER PT J AU Hungerford, DW Williams, JM Furbee, PM Manley, WG Helmkamp, RC Horn, K Pollock, DA AF Hungerford, DW Williams, JM Furbee, PM Manley, WG Helmkamp, RC Horn, K Pollock, DA TI Feasibility of screening and intervention for alcohol problems among young adults in the ED SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT American-College-of-Emergency-Physicians Research Forum CY OCT 23-24, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Coll Emergency Physicians DE alcohol problems; brief intervention; emergency department; screening; feasibility; counseling ID PROBLEM PREVENTION RESEARCH; IDENTIFICATION TEST AUDIT; EMERGENCY ROOM; PROBLEM DRINKING; USE DISORDERS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; PERFORMANCE; INSTRUMENTS; ABUSE; POPULATION AB This study evaluates the feasibility of screening and brief intervention (SBI) for alcohol problems among young adults (18-39 years) in a rural, university ED. Research staff screened a convenience sample of patients waiting for medical treatment with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), used motivational interviewing techniques to counsel screen-positive patients (AUDIT greater than or equal to 6) during the ED visit, and referred patients to off-site alcohol treatment as appropriate. Patients were interviewed again at 3 months. Eighty-seven percent of age-eligible drinkers (2,067 of 2,371) consented to participate. Forty-three percent (894 of 2,067) screened positive, of which 94% were counseled. Forty percent of those counseled set a goal to decrease or stop drinking and 4% were referred for further treatment. Median times for obtaining consent, screening, and intervention were 4, 4, and 14 minutes, respectively, Project staff reported that 3% of patients screened or counseled were uncooperative. Seventy percent of 519 patients who participated in follow-up interviews agreed the ED is a good place to help patients with alcohol problems. High rates of informed consent and acceptance of counseling confirmed this protocol's acceptability to patients and indicated patients were comfortable divulging alcohol-related risk behavior. The modest times required for the process enhanced acceptability to patients as well as ED staff. The high prevalence of alcohol problems and the broad acceptance of SBI in this sample provide evidence of the ED's promise as a venue for this clinical preventive service. (Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. W Virginia Univ, Ctr Rural Emergency Med, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Hungerford, DW (reprint author), NCIPC, DACRRDP, MS F-41,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R49/CCR308469-06] NR 41 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0735-6757 J9 AM J EMERG MED JI Am. J. Emerg. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 21 IS 1 BP 14 EP 22 DI 10.1053/ajem.2003.50004 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 641NU UT WOS:000180751700003 PM 12563573 ER PT J AU England, LJ Kendrick, JS Gargiullo, PM AF England, LJ Kendrick, JS Gargiullo, PM TI Re: "Measures of maternal tobacco exposure and infant birth weight at term" - Reply SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter ID FETAL GROWTH; PREGNANCY; SMOKING C1 NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Canc Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP England, LJ (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 157 IS 1 BP 87 EP 88 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf169 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 632KZ UT WOS:000180223600014 ER PT J AU Cargo, M Grams, GA Ottoson, JM Ward, P Green, LW AF Cargo, M Grams, GA Ottoson, JM Ward, P Green, LW TI Empowerment as fostering positive youth development and citizenship SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article DE youth empowerment; positive youth development; citizenship; health promotion; participatory research ID HEALTH PROMOTION; PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR AB Objective: To develop a theoretical framework of youth empowerment in the context of a participatory community health promotion intervention, a longitudinal qualitative study was conducted. Methods: Individual and group interviews, documents, and observations were analyzed using the constant comparative method and theoretical sampling. Results-Practitioners created an environment conducive to adolescents' taking responsibility for their quality-of-life issues by welcoming and enabling youth. Power was transferred to youth as responsibility for voicing, decision making, and action. This led to positive changes in youth development and their social integration into community. Conclusion: Empowerment emerged as a transactional partnering process between adults and youth. C1 Ctr Hosp Univ Monteal, Montreal, PQ H3X 2K7, Canada. McGill Univ, Culture & Mental Hlth Res Unit, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Univ British Columbia, Fac Med, Dept Family Practice, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Georgia State Univ, Andrew Young Sch Policy Studies, Dept Publ Adm & Urban Studies, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Community Hlth Serv, Vancouver Richmond Hlth Board, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Off Extramural Prevent Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cargo, M (reprint author), Ctr Hosp Univ Monteal, 4687 Rue Coolbrook, Montreal, PQ H3X 2K7, Canada. RI Cargo, Margaret/B-2141-2010 NR 39 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 13 PU PNG PUBLICATIONS PI STAR CITY PA PO BOX 4593, STAR CITY, WV 26504-4593 USA SN 1087-3244 J9 AM J HEALTH BEHAV JI Am. J. Health Behav. PY 2003 VL 27 SU 1 BP S66 EP S79 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 677UC UT WOS:000182825200007 PM 12751648 ER PT J AU Niccolai, LM Ethier, KA Kershaw, TS Lewis, JB Ickovics, JR AF Niccolai, LM Ethier, KA Kershaw, TS Lewis, JB Ickovics, JR TI Pregnant adolescents at risk: Sexual behaviors and sexually transmitted disease prevalence SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; adolescents; sexually transmitted diseases; risk behaviors ID LIGASE CHAIN-REACTION; WOMEN; URINE; DIAGNOSIS; KNOWLEDGE; INFECTION; MOTHERS; MEN AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the level of high-risk sexual behaviors and the prevalence of chlamydia and gonorrhea among pregnant adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: These analyses used data from 203 pregnant and 209 nonpregnant adolescents who were recruited from public health clinics. Data sources included interviewer-administered questionnaires, ligase chain reaction tests for chlamydia/gonorrhea in the third trimester of pregnancy, and state health department reports of chlamydia/gonorrhea. Statistical analyses included logistic regression. RESULTS: Pregnant adolescents were significantly more likely to have not used condoms during sexual intercourse in the past 30 days compared with nonpregnant adolescents, although other sexual risk behaviors were reduced. Nineteen percent of pregnant adolescents had chlamydia or gonorrhea diagnosed during the pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Pregn ant adolescents have high levels of sexually transmitted diseases during pregnancy, and many adolescents use condoms inconsistently. Prenatal care providers may be in a unique position to decrease sexually transmitted diseases among pregnant adolescents by encouraging the reduction of risk behaviors and aggressively screening for sexually transmitted diseases as part of routine prenatal care. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Niccolai, LM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Ctr Interdisciplinary Res AIDS, 135 Coll St,Suite 323, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [1 T32 MH20031-02, P01 MH/DA56826-01A1] NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 188 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1067/mob.2003.119 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 640FD UT WOS:000180676900013 PM 12548197 ER PT J AU Parvanta, CF AF Parvanta, CF TI Nutrition behavior change in Mali: A biocultural model. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2003 SU 36 BP 165 EP 165 PG 1 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 657MB UT WOS:000181670000429 ER PT J AU Valleroy, LA MacKellar, DA Secura, GM Behel, SK AF Valleroy, LA MacKellar, DA Secura, GM Behel, SK TI High HIV prevalence and incidence among young African American men who have sex with men in 6 US cities: What factors are contributing? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Young Mans Survey Study Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0002-9483 J9 AM J PHYS ANTHROPOL JI Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. PY 2003 SU 36 BP 213 EP 214 PG 2 WC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology SC Anthropology; Evolutionary Biology GA 657MB UT WOS:000181670000615 ER PT J AU Denny, CH Serdula, MK Holtzman, D Nelson, DE AF Denny, CH Serdula, MK Holtzman, D Nelson, DE TI Physician advice about smoking and drinking - are US adults being informed? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ALCOHOL; HEALTH; RISK; INTERVENTIONS; PREVENTION; STRATEGIES; PREDICTORS; BEHAVIOR; SERVICES AB Background: Population-based estimates for the prevalence of smokers receiving advice from a health professional to quit smoking and the prevalence of binge drinkers being talked to about alcohol use are lacking for U.S. adults. This information is useful for clinicians and public health professionals. Methods: Data are from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a continuous random-digit-dial telephone survey of U.S. adults. In 1997, 10 states collected data on these health interventions for tobacco and alcohol use. The prevalence of professional advice to quit smoking and about alcohol use was calculated and examined by demographic characteristics. The number of at-risk adults who had a routine checkup in the last year and had not received these interventions was also estimated. Results: By self-report, 70% of smokers were advised to quit, and 23% of binge drinkers were talked to about their alcohol use. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses, we found among smokers that women and older persons were more likely to receive advice; among binge drinkers, health intervention was more likely to occur for men and non-Hispanic blacks. Across the 10 states, approximately 2 million smokers and 2 million binge drinkers with a routine checkup in the past 12 months were not advised to quit smoking or talked to about their alcohol use. Conclusions: Many opportunities to intervene with smokers and binge drinkers are lost. Efforts to increase physician education and to identify and reduce other barriers may help. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Denny, CH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 40 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00568-8 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00568-8 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 634EA UT WOS:000180326000010 PM 12554026 ER PT J AU Booton, GC Carmichael, JR Visvesvara, GS Byers, TJ Fuerst, PA AF Booton, GC Carmichael, JR Visvesvara, GS Byers, TJ Fuerst, PA TI Genotyping of Balamuthia mandrillaris based on nuclear 18S and mitochondrial 16S rRNA genes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID GRANULOMATOUS AMEBIC ENCEPHALITIS; FREE-LIVING AMEBA; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; HUMANS; ACANTHAMOEBA; ANIMALS; AGENT; IDENTIFICATION; INFECTION AB Balamuthia mandrillaris is an opportunistically pathogenic ameba that causes fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) in vertebrates. Previous phylogenetic analyses that included the sequence of a single nuclear small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S or ssu rDNA) from this ameba suggested that Balamuthia is closely related to Acanthamoeba, another opportunistically pathogenic amebic genus, which includes multiple ssu rDNA genotypes. We tested whether this also is true for Balamuthia. The nuclear ssu rDNA from 4 isolates and the mitochondrial ssu rDNA from 7 isolates of B. mandrillaris have been sequenced. No variation in the nuclear rDNA sequences and low levels of variation in the mitochondrial rDNA were found. Both gene sequences were consistent with a single genotype for B. mandrillaris. The mitochondrial sequences of B. mandrillaris are unique and should be useful for development of genus-specific diagnostic probes for use with clinical, environmental, and archived specimens. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Evolut Ecol & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Booton, GC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, 484 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY009073-10, EY09073] NR 32 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 632YV UT WOS:000180253200013 PM 12556151 ER PT J AU Marquino, W Macarthur, JR Barat, LM Oblitas, FE Arrunategui, M Garavito, G Chafloque, ML Pardave, B Gutierrez, S Arrospide, N Carrillo, C Cabezas, C Ruebush, TK AF Marquino, W Macarthur, JR Barat, LM Oblitas, FE Arrunategui, M Garavito, G Chafloque, ML Pardave, B Gutierrez, S Arrospide, N Carrillo, C Cabezas, C Ruebush, TK TI Efficacy of chloroquine, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, and mefloquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria on the north coast of Peru SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID TREATMENT POLICY; DRUG-RESISTANCE; THERAPY EFFICACY; AFRICA AB As part of an effort to assess antimalarial drug resistance in Peru, we carried out 14-day in vivo efficacy trials of chloroquine (CQ; 25 mg/kg) and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP; 25 mg/kg of the sulfadoxine component) for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infections at three sites on the northern coast of Peru. Mefloquine (MQ; 15 mg/kg) also was evaluated at one site. The results from all three sites were similar. Of the 53 patients treated with CQ, 58.5% had RII/RIII responses. No RIII failures were observed among the 112 patients who received SP, but 4.5% and 1.8%, respectively, had RII and RI responses. All 33 patients treated with MQ showed a sensitive response. Early treatment failures were observed in 27.1% of the CQ patients but in no patients receiving SP or MQ. Late treatment failures were seen in 59.3% of the CQ patients and 6.4% of the SP patients but in none of those treated with MQ. Based on these findings and because of concern about the potential for development of resistance if SP were used alone, the National Malaria Control Program is planning a change in malaria treatment policy to SP-artesunate combination therapy for this region of the country. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis F22, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. Minist Salud, Lima, Peru. RP Ruebush, TK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis F22, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI ARROSPIDE, NANCY/0000-0001-5031-5850 NR 20 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 68 IS 1 BP 120 EP 123 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 632YV UT WOS:000180253200023 PM 12557836 ER PT J AU Wang, JJ Frazer, DG Law, B Lewis, DM AF Wang, JJ Frazer, DG Law, B Lewis, DM TI Identification and quantification of urinary benzo[a] pyrene and its metabolites from asphalt fume exposed mice by microflow LC coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry SO ANALYST LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; WORKERS; BITUMEN AB Prolonged, extensive exposure to asphalt fume has been associated with several adverse health effects. Inhaled polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from asphalt fume exposure have been suspected of inducing such effects. In this study, a bioanalytical method was proposed and evaluated to identify and quantify benzo[ a] pyrene and its hydroxy-metabolites. This method is based on coupling a microflow liquid chromatography (LC) to a hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOFMS). In the experiment, thirty-two B6C3F1 mice were exposed to asphalt fume in a whole body inhalation chamber for 10 days ( 4 h day(-1)) and twelve other mice were used as controls. The asphalt fume was generated at 180 degreesC and the concentrations in the animal exposure chamber ranged 175 - 182 mg m(-3). Benzo[ a] pyrene and its metabolites of 3-hydroxybenzo[a] pyrene, benzo[ a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol(+/-), benzo[ a] pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol- 9,10-epoxide(+/-), and benzo[ a] pyrene-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrotetrol(+/-) in the urine of asphalt fume exposed mice were identified and found at 3.18 ng 100 mL(-1), 31.36 ng 100 mL(-1), 11.56 ng 100 mL(-1), 54.92 ng 100 mL(-1), and 45.23 ng 100 mL(-1) respectively. The results revealed that the urinary benzo[ a] pyrene and its hydroxy-metabolites from exposed mice were at significantly higher levels ( p < 0.001) than those from the control groups. Compared with several other technologies such as HPLC-UV and HPLC-fluorescence, the new method is more sensitive and selective, and it can also provide additional useful information on the structures of the metabolites. Hence, this method can be used to perform the assessment and to study the mechanisms of the adverse health effects. The fragmentation patterns established in this study can also be used to identify and quantify PAH metabolites in other biological fluids. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wang, JJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Dept HHS, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0003-2654 J9 ANALYST JI Analyst PY 2003 VL 128 IS 7 BP 864 EP 870 DI 10.1039/b302617p PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 696XJ UT WOS:000183912600010 PM 12894823 ER PT J AU Sandau, CD Sjodin, A Davis, MD Barr, JR Maggio, VL Waterman, AL Preston, KE Preau, JL Barr, DB Needham, LL Patterson, DG AF Sandau, CD Sjodin, A Davis, MD Barr, JR Maggio, VL Waterman, AL Preston, KE Preau, JL Barr, DB Needham, LL Patterson, DG TI Comprehensive solid-phase extraction method for persistent organic pollutants. Validation and application to the analysis of persistent chlorinated pesticides SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; BLOOD AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is involved in many epidemiological studies regarding the measurement of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in specimens obtained from humans. In addition to these commonly determined analytes, there is a need to include additional persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in our analyses, which further stresses the analyses because sample volumes remain small. Thus, a single method of analysis for all POPs in human serum is needed. CDC has recently developed a semiautomated and comprehensive solid-phase extraction method for POPs. The method is comprehensive since it was optimized for the extraction of many different POP compound classes. We then developed a purification and fractionation scheme that allows (a) separation of different compound classes by particular functionalities and (b) purification of those fractions to remove coextracted interferences. This paper describes the first step in the semiautomated comprehensive extraction and multiple fractionation method developed by CDC for monitoring POPs. In this paper, we validate the analysis of the persistent chlorinated pesticides, a compound class difficult to examine because of their structural diversity, in human plasma. The method was validated against an existing CDC method by using a spiked quality-control serum pool. The concentrations determined for all analytes using both methods were within 2%-14% relative standard deviations. A multilevel (i.e., 3-4 point) matrix spike showed good linearity for the analytes tested (r(2) = 0.978-0.999). The method was then applied to 40-year-old archived plasma samples for the quantitative analysis of selected chlorinated pesticides. Mean recoveries of the C-13-labeled internal quantification standards ranged from 64% to 123% for the 11 monitored pesticides. The overall method proved to be robust by handling old coagulated plasma samples. It allowed faster throughput of samples than our previous methods and provided cleaner samples with less frequent interferences or background as analyzed by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The method represents a preliminary step in establishing an automated, comprehensive multiresidue analysis method for POPs in human serum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sandau, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010; Sandau, Courtney/D-9555-2015 OI Sandau, Courtney/0000-0002-4387-3480 NR 12 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 75 IS 1 BP 71 EP 77 DI 10.1021/ac026121u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 632QA UT WOS:000180233300017 PM 12530820 ER PT J AU Tsukioka, T Brock, J Graiser, S Nguyen, J Nakazawa, H Makino, T AF Tsukioka, T Brock, J Graiser, S Nguyen, J Nakazawa, H Makino, T TI Determination of trace amounts of bisphenol A in urine by negative-ion chemical-ionization-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE; LC MS; NONYLPHENOL; EXTRACTION; DRINKS AB We improved an analytical method for determining trace amounts of bisphenol A (BPA) in urine. BPA was subjected to enzymolysis and then to solid phase extraction with a C-18 cartridge. The extract was eluted with methanol, and the eluate was concentrated under a nitrogen stream, and then pentafluorobenzylized in an alkali solution. The obtained pentafluorobenzylized compound was purifed using a florisil cartridge, followed by a determination using NCI-GC/MS. This method exhibited an excellent selectivity and reproducibility with a determination limit of 0.1 ng/ml. C1 Nagano Res Inst Hlth & Pollut, Nagano 3800944, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hoshi Univ, Shinagawa Ku, Tokyo 1428501, Japan. Tokai Univ, Isehara, Kanagawa 2591193, Japan. RP Tsukioka, T (reprint author), Nagano Res Inst Hlth & Pollut, 1978 Komemura Amori, Nagano 3800944, Japan. NR 14 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 17 PU JAPAN SOC ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY PI TOKYO PA 26-2 NISHIGOTANDA 1 CHOME SHINAGAWA-KU, TOKYO, 141, JAPAN SN 0910-6340 J9 ANAL SCI JI Anal. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 19 IS 1 BP 151 EP 153 DI 10.2116/analsci.19.151 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 637ZC UT WOS:000180542800026 PM 12558040 ER PT J AU Kaiser, R Marcus, M Blanck, HM Naughton, M Zhang, RH Henderson, AK Tolbert, PE Rubin, CH Hertzberg, VS AF Kaiser, R Marcus, M Blanck, HM Naughton, M Zhang, RH Henderson, AK Tolbert, PE Rubin, CH Hertzberg, VS TI Polybrominated biphenyl exposure and benign breast disease in a cohort of US women SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benign breast disease; PBB; PCB; Michigan; smoking ID PROLIFERATIVE EPITHELIAL DISORDERS; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; ESTROGEN; RISK; 2,2',4,4',5,5'-HEXACHLOROBIPHENYL AB PURPOSE: We examined the relation between serum polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) levels and the risk of benign breast disease in a cohort of Michigan women unintentionally exposed to PBB, in 1973 and interviewed in 1997. METHODS: We used extended Cox models to generate adjusted hazard ratios; models included poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and risk factors for benign breast disease reported in the literature. RESULTS: Two hundred fourteen (23%) of 951 women reported benign breast disease diagnosed by a physician. Compared with women with low PBB exposure, benign breast disease was not reported more frequently among those with moderate (>1-12 parts per billion [ppb]), (odds ratio [OR] 1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80-1.45), or high (>12 ppb), (OR 0.79, 95% CI = 0.46-1.38) PBB exposure. PCB exposure was also not associated with self-reported physician-diagnosed benign breast disease, Age, smoking, and annual number of health-care provider visits were significantly associated with benign breast disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis did not demonstrate an association between serum PBB level and self-reported physician-diagnosed benign breast disease. We did observe an increased risk of benign breast disease for women who smoked, an association that has not been consistently found in previous studies (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Biol & Biomed Sci Div, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Marcus, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES08341-01]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U37/CCU500392] NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 16 EP 23 AR PII S1047-2797(02)00256-9 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00256-9 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 631BT UT WOS:000180147700003 PM 12547481 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Fleming, PL Neal, JJ AF Klevens, RM Fleming, PL Neal, JJ TI Response to letter to the editor: regarding "The completeness, validity, and timeliness of AIDS surveillance data" SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 78 EP 79 AR PII S1047-2797(02)00421-0 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(02)00421-0 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 631BT UT WOS:000180147700011 PM 12547489 ER PT J AU Childs, JE Paddock, CD AF Childs, JE Paddock, CD TI The ascendancy of Amblyomma Americanum as a vector of pathogens affecting humans in the United States SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Review DE ehrlichioses; epidemiology; tick-borne diseases; emerging diseases; zoonotic diseases ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; EHRLICHIA-CHAFFEENSIS RICKETTSIALES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS; SIZED WILD MAMMALS; LONE STAR TICKS; NORTH-CAROLINA; ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS AB Until the 1990s, Amblyomma americanum was regarded primarily as a nuisance species, but a tick of minor importance as a vector of zoonotic pathogens affecting humans. With the recent discoveries of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and "Borrelia lonestari," the public health relevance of lone star ticks is no longer in question. During the next 25 years, the number of cases of human disease caused by A. americanum-associated pathogens will probably increase. Based on current trajectories and historic precedents, the increase will be primarily driven by biological and environmental factors that alter the geographic distribution and intensity of transmission of zoonotic pathogens. Sociologic and demographic changes that influence the likelihood of highly susceptible humans coming into contact with infected lone star ticks, in addition to advances in diagnostic capabilities and national surveillance efforts, will also contribute to the anticipated increase in the number of recognized cases of disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 155 TC 231 Z9 236 U1 6 U2 42 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0066-4170 J9 ANNU REV ENTOMOL JI Annu. Rev. Entomol. PY 2003 VL 48 BP 307 EP 337 DI 10.1146/annurev.ento.48.091801.112728 PG 33 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 640VT UT WOS:000180709200015 PM 12414740 ER PT J AU Croner, CM AF Croner, CM TI Public health, GIS, and the Internet SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE National Spatial Data Infrastructure; geospatial; metadata; Department of Health and Human Services ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; DISPARITIES; POPULATION; FUTURE AB Internet access and use of georeferenced public health information for GIS application will be an important and exciting development for the nation's Department of Health and Human Services and other health agencies in this new millennium. Technological progress toward public health geospatial data integration, analysis, and visualization of space-time events using the Web portends eventual robust use of GIS by public health and other sectors of the economy. Increasing Web resources from distributed spatial data portals and global geospatial libraries, and a growing suite of Web integration tools, will provide new opportunities to advance disease surveillance, control, and prevention, and insure public access and community empowerment in public health decision making. Emerging supercomputing, data mining, compression, and transmission technologies will play increasingly critical roles in national emergency, catastrophic planning and response, and risk management. Web-enabled public health GIS will be guided by Federal Geographic Data Committee spatial metadata, OpenGIS Web interoperability, and GML/XML geospatial Web content standards. Public health will become a responsive and integral part of the National Spatial Data Infrastructure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Res & Methodol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Croner, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Res & Methodol, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 106 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 26 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 2003 VL 24 BP 57 EP 82 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.24.012902.140835 PG 30 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 717MX UT WOS:000185094600005 PM 12543872 ER PT J AU Lollar, DJ Crews, JE AF Lollar, DJ Crews, JE TI Redefining the role of public health in disability SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Review DE disability; aging; functioning; assessment; measurement ID INSTRUMENTAL ACTIVITIES; UNITED-STATES; ADULTS AB The stated mission of current public health activities is to prevent mortality, morbidity, and disability. Though this mission is a noble challenge, attention is now being drawn to that group of the public who are not prevented from living with a disability. This chapter seeks to redefine the functions of public health in the field of disability. It describes the changing demographics of disability and provides a framework for addressing the complex issues associated with defining disability. Finally, we outline a strategy for stronger and clearer public health presence to improve the health and well-being of people with disabilities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lollar, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 0 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0163-7525 J9 ANNU REV PUBL HEALTH JI Annu. Rev. Public Health PY 2003 VL 24 BP 195 EP 208 DI 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.24.100901.140844 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 717MX UT WOS:000185094600011 PM 12668756 ER PT J AU Mahy, BWJ AF Mahy, BWJ TI An overview on the use of a viral pathogen as a bioterrorism agent: why smallpox? SO ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; RESPONSES; INFLUENZA; VARIOLA; MICE C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mahy, BWJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM bxml@cdc.gov NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3542 J9 ANTIVIR RES JI Antiviral Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 57 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 1 EP 5 AR PII S0166-3542(02)00194-8 DI 10.1016/S0166-3542(02)00194-8 PG 5 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Virology GA 658DF UT WOS:000181705800002 PM 12615297 ER PT J AU Fivush, R Edwards, VJ Mennuti-Washburn, J AF Fivush, R Edwards, VJ Mennuti-Washburn, J TI Narratives of 9/11: Relations among personal involvement, narrative content and memory of the emotional impact over time SO APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STRESS; LIFE AB Previous research has documented the beneficial effects of expressive narrative writing, and especially the inclusion of cognitive processing and emotion words, for alleviating stress. In this study, 65 mostly white Emory University undergraduates of Judeo-Christian backgrounds recalled their emotional reaction upon hearing the news of 9/11 within 2 months of the event, and again one month and 6 months later. Between the initial and one month assessment, participants engaged in expressive writing for 20 minutes a day for 5 consecutive days. Individuals who had higher personal involvement in the events of 9/11, through knowing someone who was killed or having lived in the affected areas, recalled being more shocked and upset upon hearing the news across time, and used fewer cognitive processing and positive emotion words in their narratives, than those with no direct involvement. Individuals who used more cognitive processing and emotion words in their narratives subsequently recalled being less shocked and upset upon hearing the news. Implications of these finding for emotional memory and emotional regulation are discussed. Copyright (C) 2003 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fivush, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. EM psyrf@emory.edu NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0888-4080 J9 APPL COGNITIVE PSYCH JI Appl. Cogn. Psychol. PY 2003 VL 17 IS 9 SI SI BP 1099 EP 1111 DI 10.1002/acp.988 PG 13 WC Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 772MB UT WOS:000188844900009 ER PT J AU Orloff, KG Dearwent, S Metcalf, S Kathman, S Turner, W AF Orloff, KG Dearwent, S Metcalf, S Kathman, S Turner, W TI Human exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls in a residential community SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES FISH; SOIL INGESTION; BREAST-CANCER; SERUM PCB; BLOOD; RISK; CHILDREN; CONSUMERS AB Blood serum concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in members of a residential community who lived near a chemical plant that formerly manufactured PCBs. Elevated blood serum PCB concentrations were detected in some of the older adults who were long-term residents of the community. Congener-specific analyses indicated that PCB congeners 153, 138/158, 180, 118, and 187 contributed 60-67% of the total PCBs detected in blood from adults and children. Blood PCB concentrations correlated strongly with age and length of residency in the neighborhood. However, blood PCB concentrations did not correlate with PCB concentrations in soil or house dust samples from the homes. Past exposures to PCBs may be a significant contributor to the elevated PCB concentrations detected in some adult members of the community. C1 Agy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Orloff, KG (reprint author), Agy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-E32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 125 EP 131 DI 10.1007/s00244-002-1301-5 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 618GU UT WOS:000179411000015 PM 12434227 ER PT J AU McGovern, MM Benach, M Wallenstein, S Boone, J Lubin, IM AF McGovern, MM Benach, M Wallenstein, S Boone, J Lubin, IM TI Personnel standards and quality assurance practices of biochemical genetic testing laboratories in the United States SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; INBORN-ERRORS; PROTEOMICS; METABOLISM AB . Context.-It has been suggested that specific regulation of laboratories performing genetic testing may be needed to ensure standards and quality assurance, and to safeguard the rights of patients with regard to confidentiality and providing informed consent. Previously, a comprehensive analysis of current practices of molecular genetic testing laboratories was conducted, the results of which have assisted in the assessment of the need for regulation and its impact on access to testing. However, a study designed to determine clinical laboratory practices with regard to biochemical genetic testing has not been carried out. Objective.-To collect and analyze data regarding availability of clinical biochemical genetic testing, personnel standards, and laboratory quality assurance practices. Design.-A mail survey of biochemical genetic testing laboratory directors and assignment of a quality assurance score based on responses to genetic testing process items. Setting.-Hospital-based, independent, and research-based biochemical genetic testing laboratories in the United States. Participants.-Directors of biochemical genetic testing laboratories (n = 133; response rate 68.5%). Main Outcome Measure.-Laboratory process quality assurance. score based on the standards defined by the American College of Medical Genetics Laboratory Practice Committee. Results.-Personnel qualifications varied, although all directors had doctoral degrees. The mean quality assurance score was 77% (range 28%-100%). Higher scores were associated with the following variables: test director having an MD degree versus PhD degree (P = .002), director board certification in biochemical genetics (P = .002), research and hospital laboratory versus independent laboratory setting (P < .001), and participation in a proficiency testing program (P = .03). Twelve percent of participants had a confidentiality policy, and 19% required informed consent before testing. Conclusion.-The finding that a number of laboratories had quality assurance scores that may reflect suboptimal laboratory practices, particularly with regard to reporting practices, suggests that personnel qualification and laboratory practice standards may be in need of improvement to ensure quality in clinical biochemical genetic testing laboratories, as well as the appropriate clinical use of the test results. C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Human Genet, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10029 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Biomath, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Genome Branch, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McGovern, MM (reprint author), Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Box 1497,100th St & 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-218] NR 19 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 127 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 639MZ UT WOS:000180634500012 PM 12521371 ER PT J AU Katz, JM AF Katz, JM TI The impact of avian influenza viruses on public health SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza virus; H5N1; H9N2; human infection; pandemic ID A H5N1 VIRUS; TO-HUMAN TRANSMISSION; FOWL PLAGUE VIRUS; HONG-KONG; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; RECEPTOR SPECIFICITY; HEMAGGLUTININ GENE; POULTRY; H9N2; INFECTION AB In the late 1990s, H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses caused respiratory infections in humans in Hong Kong. Exposure to domestic poultry in live-bird markets was significantly associated with human H5N1 disease. Seroepidemiologic studies conducted among contacts of H5N1-infected persons determined that human-to-human transmission of the avian H5N1 viruses occurred but was rare. The relatively high rates of H5 and H9 antibody seroprevalence among Hong Kong poultry workers in 1997 highlight the potential for avian viruses to transmit to humans, particularly those with occupational exposure. Such transmission increases the likelihood of reassortment between a currently circulating human virus and an avian virus and thus the creation of a strain with pandemic potential. C1 CDCP, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Katz, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 18 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 914 EP 920 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.914 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000025 PM 14575086 ER PT J AU Matsouka, Y Chen, H Cox, N Subbarao, K Beck, J Swayne, D AF Matsouka, Y Chen, H Cox, N Subbarao, K Beck, J Swayne, D TI Safety evaluation in chickens of candidate human vaccines against potential pandemic strains of influenza SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE chickens; influenza vaccine; pandemic vaccine; poultry ID VIRUSES; H9N2; CIRCULATE; CONTINUE AB Two candidate formalin-inactivated vaccines, made from high-growth reassortant viruses with the HA and NA genes from avian viruses in a background of genes derived from A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8), were prepared against H5N1 and H9N2 subtypes (designated as H5N1/PR8 and H9N2/PR8, respectively). These viruses bear the genotypes, antigenicity, and attenuation in mouse models that are desirable in candidate vaccines. The pathogenicity of the newly generated avian-human reassortant vaccine viruses was also evaluated in chickens. Neither H5N1/PR8 nor H9N2/PR8 were highly pathogenic for chickens. No clinical signs, gross legions, or histological lesions were observed in chickens that were administered H5N1/PR8 either intranasally (i.n.) or intravenously (i.v.) and virus was not detected in oropharyngeal or cloacal swabs. When H9N2/PR8 was administered i.n., no clinical signs, gross lesions, or histological lesions were observed and no virus was detected in cloacal swabs. However, virus was isolated at low titer from oropharyngeal swabs of all eight chickens. Although no clinical signs were observed when H9N2/PR8 was administered i.v., mild tracheitis was seen in one of two chickens. Moderate amounts of antigen were observed in tracheal respiratory epithelium, and low titers of virus were recovered from oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs of some chickens. In summary, both reassortant vaccine viruses replicated poorly in chickens. These studies suggest that these candidate vaccine viruses carry a low risk of transmission to chickens. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. RP Matsouka, Y (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 926 EP 930 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.926 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000027 PM 14575088 ER PT J AU Rowe, T Cho, DS Bright, RA Zitzow, LA Katz, JM AF Rowe, T Cho, DS Bright, RA Zitzow, LA Katz, JM TI Neurological manifestations of avian influenza viruses in mammals SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; ferret; H5N1; mouse; neurovirulence ID A H5N1 VIRUS; HONG-KONG; PATHOGENESIS; FERRETS; HUMANS; PATHOGENICITY; DISEASE; MICE AB The H5N1 viruses isolated from humans in Hong Kong directly infected both mice and ferrets without prior adaptation to either host. Two representative viruses, A/Hong Kong/483/97 (HK/483) and A/Hong Kong/486/97 (HK/486) were equally virulent in outbred ferrets but differed in their virulence in inbred mice. Both HK/483 and HK/486 replicated systemically in ferrets and showed neurologic manifestations. In contrast, intranasal infection of mice with HK/483, but not HK/486, resulted in viral spread to the brain, neurologic signs, and death. However, HK/486 was able to replicate in the brain and induce lethal disease following direct intracerebral inoculation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Ctr Comparat Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Rowe, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1122 EP 1126 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1122 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000065 PM 14575126 ER PT J AU Chen, H Matsuoka, Y Chen, Q Cox, NJ Murphy, BR Subbarao, K AF Chen, H Matsuoka, Y Chen, Q Cox, NJ Murphy, BR Subbarao, K TI Generation and characterization of an H9N2 cold-adapted reassortant as a vaccine candidate SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE influenza H9N2; live attenuated vaccines ID INFLUENZA-A VIRUSES; SOUTHEASTERN CHINA; HONG-KONG; POULTRY; HUMANS AB H9N2 subtype avian influenza viruses have been identified in avian species worldwide, and infections in pigs were confirmed in Hong Kong in 1998. Subsequently, H9N2 viruses were isolated from two children in Hong Kong in 1999, and five human infections were reported from China, raising the possibility that H9N2 viruses pose a potential pandemic threat for humans. These events prompted us to develop a vaccine candidate to protect humans against this subtype of influenza A viruses. Reassortant H1N1 and H3N2 human influenza A viruses with the six internal gene segments of A/Ann Arbor/6/60 (H2N2)(AA) cold-adapted (ca) virus have been tested extensively in humans and have proved to be attenuated and safe as live virus vaccines. Using classical genetic reassortment, we generated a reassortant that contains the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes from A/chicken/Hong Kong/G9/97 (H9N2) and six internal gene segments from the AAca virus. The G9/AAca reassortant virus exhibits the ca phenotype and the temperature-sensitive phenotypes of the AAca virus and was attenuated in mice. The reassortant virus was immunogenic and protected mice from wild-type H9N2 virus challenge. The G9/AAca virus bears the in vitro and in vivo phenotypes specified by the AAca virus and will be evaluated as a potential vaccine candidate in humans. C1 NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, H (reprint author), NIAID, Infect Dis Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 16 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1127 EP 1130 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1127 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000066 PM 14575127 ER PT J AU Bright, RA Cho, DS Rowe, T Katz, JM AF Bright, RA Cho, DS Rowe, T Katz, JM TI Mechanisms of pathogenicity of influenza A (H5N1) viruses in mice SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE avian influenza; H5N1; orthomyxovirus; pathogenesis ID HONG-KONG; HUMANS; VIRULENT; CHICKENS AB Avian-like H5N1 influenza viruses isolated front humans in 1997 were shown to have two distinct pathogenic phenotypes in BALB/c mice, after intranasal inoculation and without prior adaptation to this host. To further understand the mechanisms of H5N1 pathogenicity, we investigated the consequences of the route of viral inoculation on morbidity and mortality, viral replication in pulmonary and systemic organs, and lymphocyte depletion. This study demonstrates the importance of extrapulmonary spread and replication, particularly in the brain, for the lethality of H5N1 viruses. C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bright, RA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 14 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1131 EP 1134 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1131 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000067 PM 14575128 ER PT J AU Lu, XH Cho, D Hall, H Rowe, T Mo, IP Sung, HW Kim, WJ Kang, C Cox, N Klimov, A Katz, JM AF Lu, XH Cho, D Hall, H Rowe, T Mo, IP Sung, HW Kim, WJ Kang, C Cox, N Klimov, A Katz, JM TI Pathogenesis of and immunity to a new influenza A (H5N1) virus isolated from duck meat SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE antigenicity; avian influenza virus; cross-protection; pathogenesis ID AVIAN INFLUENZA; HONG-KONG; HUMANS; MICE; HEMAGGLUTININ; EVOLUTION; OUTBREAK; ANTIBODY; SUBTYPES; POULTRY AB The outbreak of avian influenza H5N1 in Hong Kong in 1997 raised concerns about the potential for the H5 subtype to cause a human pandemic. In 2001 a new H5N1 virus, A/Duck Meat/Anyang/AVL-1/2001 (A/Dkmt), was isolated from imported duck meat in Korea. The pathogenesis of this virus was investigated in mice. A/Dkmt virus had low infectivity but was lethal for mice at high doses, and at lethal doses, the virus replicated in the brains of infected mice. A/Dkmt virus cross-reacted poorly with ferret antisera raised against human H5N1 viruses, but prior infection with A/Dkmt virus protected mice from death after secondary infection with human H5N1 virus. C1 CDCP, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Vet Res & Quarantine Serv, Anyang, South Korea. Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Ctr Influenza, Lab Resp Viruses, Seoul, South Korea. RP Lu, XH (reprint author), CDCP, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Kim, Woo Joo/0000-0002-4546-3880 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1135 EP 1140 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1135 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000068 PM 14575129 ER PT J AU Mungall, BA Xu, X Klimov, A AF Mungall, BA Xu, X Klimov, A TI Assaying susceptibility of avian and other influenza A viruses to Zanamivir: Comparison of fluorescent and chemiluminescent neuraminidase assays SO AVIAN DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Symposium on Avian Influenza CY APR 14-17, 2002 CL ATHENS, GEORGIA DE influenza virus; neuraminidase inhibitor; neuraminidase assay ID INHIBITION ASSAY; RESISTANCE; RIMANTADINE AB Zanamivir has been shown to inhibit both human and avian influenza viral neuraminidases (NAs) and has been approved in several countries for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza infection. Reliable monitoring of drug resistance is important for assessment of the impact of drug therapy on circulating virus populations. This study compares the current fluorometric (FL) method for evaluating zanamivir susceptibility with a recently developed chemiluminescent (CL) NA activity assay using viruses representative of all nine NA subtypes. The CL assay displayed signal/noise ratios that are 50-100 times greater than those associated with the FL assay. Human H3N2 strains appeared to exhibit greater NA activity relative to avian subtypes with the FL substrate but not with the CL substrate. Additionally, the CL assay remained linear over three orders of magnitude compared to only one order of magnitude for the FL assay. Four of the nine NA subtypes tested in this study displayed slightly higher inhibitor concentration that inhibits 50% of neuraminidase activity values by CL than by FL, while four displayed the opposite effect. Implications for the routine determination of resistance to NA inhibitors are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mungall, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC AVIAN PATHOLOGISTS PI KENNETT SQ PA UNIV PENN, NEW BOLTON CENTER, KENNETT SQ, PA 19348-1692 USA SN 0005-2086 J9 AVIAN DIS JI Avian Dis. PY 2003 VL 47 SU S BP 1141 EP 1144 DI 10.1637/0005-2086-47.s3.1141 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 724YN UT WOS:000185516000069 PM 14575130 ER PT J AU Niskar, AS Paschal, DC Kieszak, SM Flegal, KM Bowman, B Gunter, EW Pirkle, JL Rubin, C Sampson, EJ McGeehin, M AF Niskar, AS Paschal, DC Kieszak, SM Flegal, KM Bowman, B Gunter, EW Pirkle, JL Rubin, C Sampson, EJ McGeehin, M TI Serum selenium levels in the US population - Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE selenium; serum; United States; NHANES III; age; sex; income; race; ethnicity; geographic ID PLASMA SELENIUM; ANTIOXIDANTS; ASSOCIATION AB The published literature on serum selenium levels in the US population describes studies on small samples that may not be representative of the US population. This analysis provides the first nationally representative serum selenium levels in the US population by age group, sex, race-ethnicity, poverty income ratio (PIR), geographic region, and urban status. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) is a national population-based cross-sectional survey with an in-person interview and serum selenium measurements. For the 18,597 persons for whom serum selenium values were available in NHANES III, the mean concentration was 1.58 nmol/L and the median concentration was 1.56 nmol/L. Mean serum selenium levels differed by age group, sex, race-ethnicity, PIR, and geographic region. The US population has slight differences in serum selenium levels by demographic factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Niskar, AS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 18 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 6 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SUITE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512 USA SN 0163-4984 J9 BIOL TRACE ELEM RES JI Biol. Trace Elem. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 91 IS 1 BP 1 EP 10 DI 10.1385/BTER:91:1:1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 644NT UT WOS:000180925200001 PM 12713024 ER PT J AU Kohler, KA Hlady, WG Banerjee, K Gupta, D Francis, P Durrani, S Zuber, PLF Sutter, RW AF Kohler, KA Hlady, WG Banerjee, K Gupta, D Francis, P Durrani, S Zuber, PLF Sutter, RW TI Compatible poliomyelitis cases in India during 2000 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE poliomyelitis/diagnosis/epidemiology; paralysis/classification/virology; muscle hypotonia/classification/virology; poliovirus/isolation and purification; feces/virology; cluster analysis; India ID WILD POLIOVIRUS; ERADICATION; SURVEILLANCE AB Objective To describe the characteristics of compatible poliomyelitis cases and to assess the programmatic implications of clusters of such cases in India. Methods We described the characteristics of compatible poliomyelitis cases, identified clusters of compatible cases (two or more in the same district or neighbouring districts within two months), and examined their relationship to wild poliovirus cases. Findings There were 362 compatible cases in 2000. The incidence of compatible cases was higher in districts with laboratory-confirmed poliomyelitis cases than in districts without laboratory-confirmed cases. Of 580 districts, 96 reported one compatible case and 72 reported two or more compatible cases. Among these 168 districts with at least one compatible case, 123 had internal or cross-border clusters of compatible cases. In 27 districts with clusters of compatible cases, no wild poliovirus was isolated either in the same district or in neighbouring districts. Three of these 27 districts presented laboratory-confirmed poliomyelitis cases during 2001. Conclusion Most clusters of compatible cases occurred in districts identified as areas with continuing wild poliovirus transmission and where mopping-up vaccination campaigns were carried out. As certification nears, areas with compatible poliomyelitis cases should be investigated and deficiencies in surveillance should be corrected in order to ensure that certification is justified. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program E05, Global Immunizat Div, Polio Eradicat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Country Off, Natl Polio Surveillance Project, New Delhi, India. RP Kohler, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program E05, Global Immunizat Div, Polio Eradicat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2003 VL 81 IS 1 BP 2 EP 9 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 638YA UT WOS:000180599400002 PM 12640469 ER PT J AU Kosek, M Bern, C Guerrant, RL AF Kosek, M Bern, C Guerrant, RL TI The global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Review DE diarrhea/epidemiology; child; cost of illness; developing countries; longitudinal studies; meta-analysis (source : MeSH NLM) ID VITAMIN-A SUPPLEMENTATION; MEDIATED IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY; RURAL BANGLADESHI CHILDREN; ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY; VERBAL AUTOPSY METHOD; UPPER RIVER DIVISION; CHILDHOOD MORTALITY; RISK-FACTORS; PERSISTENT DIARRHEA; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL AB Current estimates of the global burden of disease for diarrhoea are reported and compared with previous estimates made using data collected in 1954-79 and 1980-89. A structured literature review was used to identify studies that characterized morbidity rates by prospective surveillance of stable populations and studies that characterized mortality attributable to diarrhoea through active surveillance. For children under 5 years of age in developing areas and countries, there was a median of 3.2 episodes of diarrhoea per child-year. This indicated little change from previously described incidences. Estimates of mortality revealed that 4.9 children per 1000 per year in these areas and countries died as a result of diarrhoeal illness in the first 5 years of life, a decline from the previous estimates of 13.6 and 5.6 per 1000 per year. The decrease was most pronounced in children aged under 1 year. Despite improving trends in mortality rates, diarrhoea accounted for a median of 21% of all deaths of children aged under 5 years in these areas and countries, being responsible for 2.5 million deaths per year. There has not been a concurrent decrease in morbidity rates attributable to diarrhoea. As population growth is focused in the poorest areas, the total morbidity component of the disease burden is greater than previously. C1 Univ Virginia, Div Geog & Int Med, Charlottesville, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Guerrant, RL (reprint author), Hlth Sci Ctr, Box 485, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. NR 109 TC 776 Z9 828 U1 4 U2 38 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2003 VL 81 IS 3 BP 197 EP 204 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 657DF UT WOS:000181649600009 PM 12764516 ER PT J AU Parashar, UD Bresee, JS Glass, RI AF Parashar, UD Bresee, JS Glass, RI TI The global burden of diarrhoeal disease in children SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID DIARRHEAL DISEASE; MAGNITUDE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Parashar, UD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, MS-G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 116 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2003 VL 81 IS 4 BP 236 EP 236 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 672AE UT WOS:000182497600002 PM 12764488 ER PT J AU Parise, ME Lewis, LS Ayisi, JG Nahlen, BL Slutsker, L Muga, R Sharif, SK Hill, J Steketee, RW AF Parise, ME Lewis, LS Ayisi, JG Nahlen, BL Slutsker, L Muga, R Sharif, SK Hill, J Steketee, RW TI A rapid assessment approach for public, health decision-making related to the prevention of malaria during pregnancy SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE malaria; falciparum/epidemiology/drug therapy; pregnancy; plasmodium falciparum/pathogenicity; antimalarials/therapeutic use; anemia/etiology; placenta/parasito logy; parasitemia; cost of illness; knowledge; attitudes; practice; cluster analysis; cross-sectional studies; Kenya (source : MeSH, NLM) ID LOW BIRTH-WEIGHT; SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; PLACENTAL MALARIA; GESTATIONAL-AGE; MALAWI; KENYA; INFECTION; AFRICA; ANEMIA; CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS AB Objective To develop a rapid field assessment methodology to address the burden of malaria during pregnancy and the options for intervening within the existing antenatal care system in Kenya. Methods Surveys consisting of questionnaires, sampling of blood for parasitaemia and anaemia, and birth outcome assessment were conducted in antenatal clinics, delivery units, and in the community in Kisumu and Mombasa, Kenya. Findings The rates of maternal anaemia and severe anaemia, were, respectively, 79% and 8% in Kisumu, and 95% and 24% in Mombasa. The rates of placental parasitaemia were 27% and 24% and the rates of low birth weight were 18% and 24% in Kisumu and Mombasa, respectively. Women with placental parasitaemia had a higher incidence of low birth weight compared with women without placental parasitaemia in both Kisumu (28% vs 16%, P= 0,004) and Mombasa (42% vs 20%, P=0.004). A total of 95% and 98% of women in Kisumu and Mombasa, respectively, reported attending an antenatal clinic during their previous pregnancy. Conclusion This methodology can be used by ministries of health to collect data for decision-making regarding malaria control during pregnancy; it can also provide a baseline measurement on which to evaluate subsequent interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Washington, DC 20201 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisian, Kenya. Kenya Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Minist Hlth, Mombasa, Kenya. UNICEF, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Parise, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2003 VL 81 IS 5 BP 316 EP 323 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 684BC UT WOS:000183184700004 PM 12856049 ER PT J AU Paul, R White, F Luby, S AF Paul, R White, F Luby, S TI Trends in lead content of petrol in Pakistan SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Letter C1 Aga Khan Univ, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrhoeal Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Paul, R (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Stadium Rd,POB 3500, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2003 VL 81 IS 6 BP 468 EP 468 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 692UB UT WOS:000183677700021 PM 12894337 ER PT J AU Kojouharova, M Zuber, PLF Gyurova, S Fiore, L Buttinelli, G Kunchev, A Vladimirova, N Korsun, N Filipova, R Boneva, R Gavrilin, E Deshpande, JM Oblapenko, G Wassilak, SG AF Kojouharova, M Zuber, PLF Gyurova, S Fiore, L Buttinelli, G Kunchev, A Vladimirova, N Korsun, N Filipova, R Boneva, R Gavrilin, E Deshpande, JM Oblapenko, G Wassilak, SG TI Importation and circulation of poliovirus in Bulgaria in 2001 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE poliomyelitis/prevention and control/transmission; poliovirus/genetics/isolatidn and purification; paralysis/epidemiology; feces/virology; vaccination; immunization programs/methods; disease outbreaks/prevention and control; population surveillance; socioeconomic factors; gypsies; minority groups; child, preschool; Bulgaria/epidemiology ID POLIOMYELITIS AB Objective To characterize the circumstances in which poliomyelitis occurred among three children in Bulgaria during 2001 and to describe the public health response. Methods Bulgarian authorities investigated the three cases of polio and their contacts, conducted faecal and serological screening of children from high-risk groups, implemented enhanced surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis, and conducted supplemental immunization activities. Findings The, three cases of polio studied had not been vaccinated and lived in socioeconomically deprived areas of two cities, Four Roma children from the Bourgas district had antibody titres to serotype 1 policivirus only, and wild type 1 virus was isolated from the faeces of two asymptomatic Roma children in the Bourgas and Sofia districts. Poliovirus isolates were related genetically and represented a single evolutionary lineage; genomic sequences were less than 90% identical to policivirus strains isolated previously in Europe, but 98.3% similar to a strain, isolated in India in 2000. No cases or wild virus isolates were found after supplemental immunization activities were launched in May 2001. Conclusions In Bulgaria, an imported poliovirus was able to circulate for two to five months among minority populations. Surveillance data strongly suggest that wild poliovirus circulation ceased shortly after supplemental immunization activities with oral policivirus vaccine were conducted. C1 Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, Dept Epidemiol, Sofia, Bulgaria. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio Eradicat Branch, GID HIV AIDS, NIP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, Natl Enterovirus Lab, Sofia, Bulgaria. Ist Super Sanita, Virol Lab, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Minist Hlth, Sofia, Bulgaria. WHO, Reg Off Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark. Indian Council Med Res, Entervirus Res Ctr, Bombay, Maharashtra, India. RP Zuber, PLF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, Dept Epidemiol, Sofia, Bulgaria. OI Deshpande, Jagadish/0000-0001-5194-0375 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2003 VL 81 IS 7 BP 476 EP 481 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 702EX UT WOS:000184212700004 PM 12973639 ER PT J AU Hutin, Y Hauri, A Chiarello, L Catlin, M Stilwell, B Ghebrehiwet, T Garner, J AF Hutin, Y Hauri, A Chiarello, L Catlin, M Stilwell, B Ghebrehiwet, T Garner, J CA Members Injection Safety Best TI Best infection control practices for intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular needle injections SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE injections, intradermal/adverse effects/standards; injections, subcutaneouls/adverse effects/standards; injection, intramuscular/adverse effects/standards; needles; infection control/methods/standards; benchmarking; evidence-based medicine ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; TOXOID-PERTUSSIS VACCINATION; SHARPS CONTAINERS; OCCUPATIONAL NEEDLESTICK; ENTEROBACTER-CLOACAE; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS; INSULIN INJECTION; SKIN PREPARATION AB Objective To draw up evidence-based guidelines to make injections safer. Methods A development group summarized,evidence-based best practices for preventing. injection-associated infections,in resource-limited settings. The development process included a breakdown of the WHO reference definition of a safe injection into a list of potentially critical steps, a review of the literature for each of these steps, the formulation, of best practices, and the submission of the draft document to peer review. Findings Eliminating unnecessary injections is the highest priority in preventing injecion-associated infections. However, when intradermal, subcutaneous, or intramuscular injections are medically indicated, best infection control practices include the use of sterile injection equipment, the prevention of contamination of injection equipment and medication, the,prevention of needle-stick inj uries to the provider, and the prevention of,access to used needles. Conclusion The availability of best infection control practices for intradermal subcutaneous and intramuscular injections will p rovide a reference for global efforts to achieve the goal of safe and appropiriate use of injections. WHO will-revise the best practices five years after initial development, i.e. in 2005. C1 WHO, Dept Blood Safety & Clin Technol Hlth Technol & P, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Arizona, Ctr Canc, Tucson, AZ USA. Int Council Nurses, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Hutin, Y (reprint author), WHO, Dept Blood Safety & Clin Technol Hlth Technol & P, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 72 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2003 VL 81 IS 7 BP 491 EP 500 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 702EX UT WOS:000184212700006 PM 12973641 ER PT J AU Rosenstein, NE Perkins, BA AF Rosenstein, NE Perkins, BA TI Conjugate meningococcal vaccines offer a much more promising alternative SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; CHILDREN; REVACCINATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNIZATION; PREVENTION; MENINGITIS; INFANTS; DISEASE; NIGER C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rosenstein, NE (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2003 VL 81 IS 10 BP 752 EP 753 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 741AF UT WOS:000186435100011 ER PT J AU de Guia, NA Cohen, JE Ashley, MJ Pederson, L Ferrence, R Bull, S Northrup, D Poland, B AF de Guia, NA Cohen, JE Ashley, MJ Pederson, L Ferrence, R Bull, S Northrup, D Poland, B TI Support for tobacco control policies - How congruent are the attitudes of legislators and the public? SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Article ID INDUSTRY CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS; SELF-INTEREST; SMOKING; INTENTIONS; SMOKERS; RESTRICTIONS; NONSMOKERS; STRATEGIES; CALIFORNIA; KNOWLEDGE AB Objectives: To examine the congruence in perceptions and attitudes of legislators and the public regarding tobacco and tobacco control policies. Methods: Two cross-sectional surveys were used, one of elected federal and provincial legislators and one of adult residents in Ontario, Canada. Perceptions and attitudes were analyzed as dependent variables using multiple logistic regression, and adjusted for age, sex, educational attainment, and smoking status. Findings: Congruence was found in most instances, however, some differences were found. Legislators were more likely than the public to agree that most smokers are addicted and were more supportive of a smoking ban in workplaces, but these differences disappeared after controlling for socio-demographic characteristics. Legislators were also more aware than the public of the magnitude of deaths due to tobacco compared to alcohol, whereas the public was more supportive of strong penalties against stores that sell cigarettes to minors. Conclusions: Our findings provide considerable evidence for congruence in the "realworld" (unadjusted) perceptions and attitudes of Ontario legislators and the Ontario public toward tobacco control policies. Such findings are positive for tobacco control advocates and should be leveraged to bring forward strong tobacco policies in the political arena. C1 Univ Toronto, Ctr Hlth Promot, Ontario Tobacco Res Unit, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Addict & Mental Hlth, Toronto, ON, Canada. Samuel Lunenfeld Res Inst, Toronto, ON, Canada. York Univ, Inst Social Res, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. RP Cohen, JE (reprint author), Univ Toronto, Ctr Hlth Promot, Ontario Tobacco Res Unit, 33 Russell St, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada. RI Bull, Shelley/A-1920-2013 NR 55 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1565 CARLING AVE, SUITE 400, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 8R1, CANADA SN 0008-4263 J9 CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Can. J. Public Health-Rev. Can. Sante Publ. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 94 IS 1 BP 36 EP 40 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 639LM UT WOS:000180630300009 PM 12583669 ER PT J AU Seeff, LC McKenna, MT AF Seeff, LC McKenna, MT TI Cervical cancer mortality among foreign-born women living in the United States, 1985 to 1996 SO CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article DE cervical cancer; cervix neoplasms; immigration; migration; Papanicolaou smear; population dynamics ID CALIFORNIA; MIGRATION; MIGRANTS; FEMALES; DISEASE; RATES; CARE AB Purpose of study: This study explored the potential influence of increasing immigration to the United States (US) on US cervical cancer mortality trends. Basic procedures: Mortality data were derived from the National Center for Health Statistics' Detailed Mortality File. Population estimates were obtained from the US Bureau of the Census. Age-adjusted cervical cancer mortality rates were calculated for women living in the US according to place of birth. Main findings: From 1985 to 1996, deaths and death rates from cervical cancer increased for foreign-born women and decreased for US-born women. Increases in death rates among foreign-born women were highest in the South. Cervical cancer deaths and death rates for US-born women decreased uniformly in all regions. Principle conclusions: Cervical cancer mortality rates have increased among foreign-born women in the United States, and have influenced overall US cervical cancer mortality trends. Cervical cancer control efforts should be intensified in areas of the United States with large foreign-born communities. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of International Society for Preventive Oncology. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Seeff, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-090X J9 CANCER DETECT PREV JI Cancer Detect. Prev. PY 2003 VL 27 IS 3 BP 203 EP 208 DI 10.1016/S0361-090X(03)00062-X PG 6 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 691GJ UT WOS:000183597400006 PM 12787727 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mannino, DM Homa, DM Gwynn, C Redd, SC Moriarty, DG Mokdad, AH AF Ford, ES Mannino, DM Homa, DM Gwynn, C Redd, SC Moriarty, DG Mokdad, AH TI Self-reported asthma and health-related quality of life - Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; quality of life; survey ID OF-LIFE; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; MEDICAL RECORDS; ADULT ASTHMA; YOUNG-ADULTS; QUESTIONNAIRE; CHILDREN; PERFORMANCE; VALIDITY; SYMPTOMS AB Study objectives: Few population-based data regarding the impact of asthma on health-related quality of life in the US adult population are available. Design: Cross-sectional study of participants in 50 states in the United States. Setting: Using data from 163,773 adult respondents in the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined how self-reported asthma is associated with general self-reported health and four health-related quality-of-life measures. Results: Participants with self-reported current asthma reported significantly more age-adjusted physically unhealthy days (6.5 days vs 2.9 days, p < 0.001), mentally unhealthy days (5.2 days vs 3.0 days, p < 0.001), days with activity limitation (3.7 days vs 1.6 days, p < 0.001), and unhealthy physical or mental days (10.0 days vs; 5.4 days, p < 0.001) in the last 30 days than participants who never had asthma. After adjusting for age, sex, race or ethnicity, educational attainment, employment status, smoking status, physical activity status, and body mass index, the odds ratios among persons with asthma compared with persons who never had asthma, were 2.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.21 to 2.63) for reporting poor or fair self-rated health, 2.26 (95% CI, 2.06 to 2.49) for reporting 2: 14 days of impaired physical health during the previous 30 days, 1.55 (95% CI, 1.40 to 1.72) for reporting 2: 14 days of poor mental health during the previous 30 days, 1.96 (95% CI, 1.73 to 2.21) for reporting : 14 activity limitation days, and 1.99 (95% CI, 1.84 to 2.15) for reporting 2: 14 days of physically or mentally unhealthy days during the previous 30 days. Results were consistent for all age groups, for both sexes, and for all race or ethnic groups. Participants who did not currently have asthma, but had it previously, reported having more unhealthy days with all four measures than participants who never had asthma, but fewer than participants who currently had asthma. Conclusions: These results provide additional measures to evaluate and monitor the impact of asthma on the health of the US adult population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012; OI Schmoelz, Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954; Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 67 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD JAN PY 2003 VL 123 IS 1 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1378/chest.123.1.119 PG 9 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 637BE UT WOS:000180491100024 PM 12527612 ER PT J AU Priest, JW Lammie, PJ Li, A Khan, M Ong, CS Isaac-Renton, J AF Priest, JW Lammie, PJ Li, A Khan, M Ong, CS Isaac-Renton, J TI Quality assurance considerations in Cryptosporidium antibody tests - Reply SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Lab Pathol & Lab Med, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Lab Serv, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada. RP Priest, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 193 EP 194 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 636PL UT WOS:000180465000035 ER PT J AU Widdowson, MA Jaspers, WJM van der Poel, WHM Verschoor, F Husman, AMD Winter, HLJ Zaaijer, HL Koopmans, M AF Widdowson, MA Jaspers, WJM van der Poel, WHM Verschoor, F Husman, AMD Winter, HLJ Zaaijer, HL Koopmans, M TI Cluster of cases of acute hepatitis associated with hepatitis E virus infection acquired in the Netherlands SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NON-B HEPATITIS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; UNITED-STATES; NON-A; VARIANT; SWINE; IGM; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE; CALIFORNIA AB Increasing evidence suggests that hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection may occur in developed countries and that swine may act as a reservoir. We report a cluster of 2 confirmed cases and 1 presumptive case of hepatitis associated with HEV. The typed strain from 1 case was related to HEV strains found in North America and Europe, and it was also related to a cluster of swine HEV strains found in The Netherlands. Our findings indicate that locally acquired HEV infections in industrialized countries may be overlooked. Routine testing for HEV infection in patients with acute hepatitis in The Netherlands should be considered before a diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis is reached and steroid therapy is initiated. C1 European Programme Intervent Epidemiol & Training, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. St Lucas Hosp, Winschoten, Netherlands. Reg Publ Hlth Lab Groningen & Drenthe, Groningen, Netherlands. Blood Transfus Serv, Sanquin Cent Lab, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 29 EP 33 DI 10.1086/345439 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 627DM UT WOS:000179916500009 PM 12491198 ER PT J AU Lyon, GM Zurita, S Casquero, J Holgado, W Guevara, J Brandt, ME Douglas, S Shutt, K Warnock, DW Hajjeh, RA AF Lyon, GM Zurita, S Casquero, J Holgado, W Guevara, J Brandt, ME Douglas, S Shutt, K Warnock, DW Hajjeh, RA CA Sporotrichosis Peru Investigation TI Population-based surveillance and a case-control study of risk factors for endemic lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis in Peru SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th Congress of the International-Society-for-Animal-and-Human-Mycoses CY MAY 08-12, 2000 CL BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA SP Int Soc Anim Human Mycoses ID FELINE SPOROTRICHOSIS; CUTANEOUS SPOROTRICHOSIS; SYSTEMIC MYCOSES; UNITED-STATES; SPHAGNUM MOSS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; WORKERS AB Population-based surveillance and a case-control study were conducted in Abancay, Peru, to estimate the burden of disease and to determine risk factors for sporadic lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis (LS). Laboratory records from local hospitals were reviewed for the years of 1997 and 1998, and prospective surveillance was conducted for the period of September 1998 through September 1999. A case-control study was conducted with 2 matched control subjects per case patient. The mean annual incidence was 98 cases per 100,000 persons. Children had an incidence 3 times higher than that for adults and were more likely to have LS lesions on the face and neck. Identified risk factors included owning a cat, playing in crop fields, having a dirt floor in the house, working mainly outdoors, and having a ceiling made of raw wood or conditions associated with a lower socioeconomic status. Decreased environmental exposure, such wearing protective clothing during construction activities for adults or limiting contact with cats and soil for children, and improvements in living spaces may decrease the incidence of LS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Salud, Inst Nacl Salud, Lima, Peru. Ctr Med Santa Teresa, Abancay, Peru. Direcc Salud Apurimac, Abancay, Peru. RP Lyon, GM (reprint author), Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, 55 Fruit St,J-504, Boston, MA 02114 USA. OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 NR 37 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 34 EP 39 DI 10.1086/345437 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 627DM UT WOS:000179916500010 PM 12491199 ER PT J AU Jackson, AC Warrell, MJ Rupprecht, CE Ertl, HCJ Dietzschold, B O'Reilly, M Leach, RP Fu, ZF Wunner, WH Bleck, TP Wilde, H AF Jackson, AC Warrell, MJ Rupprecht, CE Ertl, HCJ Dietzschold, B O'Reilly, M Leach, RP Fu, ZF Wunner, WH Bleck, TP Wilde, H TI Management of rabies in humans SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID INTERFERON; RIBAVIRIN; VIRUS; RECOVERY; INVITRO AB Rabies is a fatal disease in humans, and, to date, the only survivors of the disease have received rabies vaccine before the onset of illness. The approach to management of the rabies normally should be palliative. In unusual circumstances, a decision may be made to use an aggressive approach to therapy for patients who present at an early stage of clinical disease. No single therapeutic agent is likely to be effective, but a combination of specific therapies could be considered, including rabies vaccine, rabies immunoglobulin, monoclonal antibodies, ribavirin, interferon-alpha, and ketamine. Corticosteroids should not be used. As research advances, new agents may become available in the future for the treatment of human rabies. C1 Queens Univ, Dept Med, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. John Radcliffe Hosp, Ctr Trop Med, Oxford OX3 9DU, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Pathol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Wistar Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Glens Falls Hosp, Dept Med, Glens Falls, NY USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Neurol, Charlottesville, VA USA. Chulalongkorn Univ, Dept Med, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Jackson, AC (reprint author), Kingston Gen Hosp, Connell 725,76 Stuart St, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada. OI Jackson, Alan/0000-0003-0413-4236 NR 39 TC 102 Z9 116 U1 1 U2 11 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 36 IS 1 BP 60 EP 63 DI 10.1086/344905 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 627DM UT WOS:000179916500014 PM 12491203 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Childs, JE AF Paddock, CD Childs, JE TI Ehrlichia chaffeensis: A prototypical emerging pathogen SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; WHITE-TAILED DEER; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; HUMAN MONOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN MONOCYTOTROPIC EHRLICHIOSIS; MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; TICK-BORNE PATHOGENS AB Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular, tick-transmitted bacterium that is maintained in nature in a cycle involving at least one and perhaps several vertebrate reservoir hosts. The moderate to severe disease caused by E. chaffeensis in humans, first identified in 1986 and reported for more than 1,000 patients through 2000, represents a prototypical "emerging infection" Knowledge of the biology and natural history of E. chaffeensis, and of the epidemiology, clinical features, and laboratory diagnosis of the zoonotic disease it causes (commonly referred to as human monocytic ehrlichiosis [HME]) has expanded considerably in the period since its discovery. In this, review we summarize bite the current understanding of the microbiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations, associated with this pathogen but focus primarily on discussing various ecological factors responsible for the recent recognition of this important and potentially life-threatening tick-borne diseased Perhaps the most pivotal element in the emergence of HIVE has been the staggering increases in white-tailed deer populations in the eastern United States during the 20th century. This animal serves as a keystone host for all life stages of the principal tick vector (Amblyomma americanum) and is perhaps the most important vertebrate reservoir host for E. chaffeensis. The contributions of other components including expansion of susceptible human populations, growth and broaden ening geographical distributions of other potential reservoir species and A. americanum, and improvements in confirmatory diagnostic methods, are also explored. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-32,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdp9@cdc.gov RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 291 TC 218 Z9 240 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 BP 37 EP + DI 10.1128/CMR.16.1.37-64.2003 PG 29 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 636PJ UT WOS:000180464800003 PM 12525424 ER PT J AU Malek, JA Wierzbowski, JM Dasch, GA Eremeva, ME McEwan, PJ McKernan, KJ AF Malek, JA Wierzbowski, JM Dasch, GA Eremeva, ME McEwan, PJ McKernan, KJ TI Annotation of novel proteins utilizing a functional genome shotgun coupled with high-throughput protein interaction mapping SO COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 67th Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology CY 2003 CL Cold Spring Harbor, NY SP Natl Human Genome Res Inst, Natl Inst Hlth, Natl Canc Inst, US DOE, Amgen Inc, Aventis Pharma AG, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Eli Lilly & Co, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis Pharma AG, Pfizer Inc, Appl Biosyst, AstraZeneca, Bio Ventures Inc, Cogene BioTech Ventures Lt, Diagnost Products Corp, Forest Lab Inc, Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceuit Res & Dev L L C, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co Ltd, Lexicon Genet Inc, Merck Res Lab, New England BioLabs Inc, OSI Pharmaceut Inc, Pall Corp, Schering-Plough Res Inst, Wyeth Genet Inst C1 Agencourt Biosci Corp, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Malek, JA (reprint author), Agencourt Biosci Corp, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. OI McKernan, Kevin/0000-0002-3908-1122 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0091-7451 J9 COLD SPRING HARB SYM JI Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. PY 2003 VL 68 BP 331 EP 334 DI 10.1101/sqb.2003.68.331 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 841YT UT WOS:000222969300039 PM 15338634 ER PT J AU Derk, R Karns, J Sexstone, A AF Derk, R Karns, J Sexstone, A TI Detection of a methylcarbamate degradation gene in agricultural soils using PCR amplification of bacterial community DNA SO COMMUNICATIONS IN SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT ANALYSIS LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CARBOFURAN; BIODEGRADATION; METABOLISM; MICROORGANISMS; SEDIMENTS; HISTORIES; DIVERSITY AB The carbamate insecticide carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benofurayl-N-methylcarbamate) is biodegraded by a methylcarbamate hydrolase enzyme encoded by a methylcarbamate degradation (mcd) gene cloned from Achromobacter sp. strain WM111. A 0.4-kbp Bam HI-Kpn I fragment of the mcd gene was used as a DNA probe to monitor soil microbial populations capable of degrading carbofuran in soils from twelve contrasting agricultural sites, representing seven soil series from five U.S. states. Each soil was amended three times with carbofuran (200mug g(-1) dry weight soil) and monitored until 90% of the carbofuran had degraded after each application. Soil bacterial community DNA was extracted and humic acid contaminants removed prior to PCR amplification of mcd. The detection limit for the probe protocol was 10(2) microorganisms g(-1) of soil. Eight soils were mcd positive, and four were negative. Results were independently confirmed using both a Southern blot and slot blot protocol. Of the four negative soils, three exhibited accelerated rates of carbofuran degradation, suggesting that enzymes other than the hydrolase encoded by mcd were active in pesticide removal. C1 W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pathol & Physiol Res Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Sexstone, A (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Div Plant & Soil Sci, 401 Brooks Hall,POB 6057, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM asexston@wvu.edu NR 25 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0010-3624 J9 COMMUN SOIL SCI PLAN JI Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 3-4 BP 393 EP 406 DI 10.1081/CSS-120017828 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Plant Sciences; Chemistry, Analytical; Soil Science SC Agriculture; Plant Sciences; Chemistry GA 658DA UT WOS:000181705300007 ER PT J AU O'Grady, NP Gerberding, JL Weinstein, RA Masur, H AF O'Grady, NP Gerberding, JL Weinstein, RA Masur, H TI Patient safety and the science of prevention: The time for implementing the Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections is now SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS; TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; COMPLICATIONS C1 NIH, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP O'Grady, NP (reprint author), NIH, Warren G Magnuson Clin Ctr, Dept Crit Care Med, Bldg 10,Room 7D43,10 Ctr Dr MSC 1662, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 31 IS 1 BP 291 EP 292 DI 10.1097/01.CCM.0000046324.72815.5B PG 2 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 640XU UT WOS:000180714800046 PM 12545031 ER PT J AU Hill, VR AF Hill, VR TI Prospects for pathogen reductions in livestock wastewaters: A review SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE CAFO; animal waste; treatment; disinfection; constructed wetlands; lagoons ID WASTE STABILIZATION PONDS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM-PARVUM OOCYSTS; FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ROOT-ZONE METHOD; FECAL INDICATOR MICROORGANISMS; ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT DISINFECTION; PULSED ELECTRIC-FIELDS; DAIRY FARM WASTEWATERS; STREAM WATER-QUALITY AB Swine. cattle. poultry, and other commercial livestock can be infected by numerous pathogenic enteric microbes that are also infectious for humans. Livestock waste generated by concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) therefore may contain human pathogens that can infect humans exposed to them during direct contact with livestock waste or media contaminated with the waste (e.g., surface water, ground water, food crops). This article reviews published literature related to the detection and inactivation of human pathogens in flushed livestock waste (i.e., "waste water"). physical, biological, chemical, and energetic treatment technologies are discussed. including research results demonstrating or indicating the potential efficacy of the treatment approaches for pathogen reductions in livestock wastewaters. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hill, VR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS F-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Hill, Vincent/G-1789-2012 OI Hill, Vincent/0000-0001-7069-7737 NR 333 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 29 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1064-3389 J9 CRIT REV ENV SCI TEC JI Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. PY 2003 VL 33 IS 2 BP 187 EP 235 DI 10.1080/10643380390814532 PG 49 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 677CX UT WOS:000182790300004 ER PT J AU Ortiz-Torres, B Williams, SP Ehrhardt, AA AF Ortiz-Torres, B Williams, SP Ehrhardt, AA TI Urban women's gender scripts: implications for HIV prevention SO CULTURE HEALTH & SEXUALITY LA English DT Article AB Women's and men's gender roles and expectations regarding romantic and sexual encounters have been shifting, and the need to develop HIV preventive strategies has underscored the importance of understanding the contextual dynamics related to sexuality. Urban women's gender scripts were investigated as part of a comprehensive study that evaluated the efficacy of a theory-driven HIV/STI prevention programme. One hundred and thirty ethnically diverse women living in New York City participated in this study. Qualitative analysis was conducted of scripts generated as part of a semi-structured interview. Wornen's gender scripts were examined via descriptive narratives of their ideal romantic encounters. Results indicate that (a) both traditional and non-traditional gender scripts are evident in women's narratives; (b) distinct flirtation and sexual phases have similar and differing elements that assist in the initiation, progression, and ending of each phase; (c) type of communication used varied by the phase with verbal communication being more prevalent in the flirtation phase, and non-verbal communication used more often in the sexual phase; and (d) safer sex is not included in most women's gender script narratives. The findings have implications for HIV prevention and suggest the need to 're-write' present scripts, expand the repertoire and intent of safer sex messages, and incorporate cues to pre-sexual and sexual romantic encounters that could facilitate safer sex discussion and participation. C1 New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Hiv Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis & Prevent, BIRB, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00936 USA. RP Ehrhardt, AA (reprint author), New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, Hiv Ctr Clin & Behav Studies, 1051 Riverside Dr,Unit 15, New York, NY 10032 USA. RI Ortiz-Torres, Blanca/F-3675-2010 NR 23 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1369-1058 J9 CULT HEALTH SEX JI Cult. Health Sex PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1080/1369105021000007384 PG 17 WC Family Studies; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Family Studies; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 643PB UT WOS:000180868700001 ER PT J AU Tripp, RA AF Tripp, RA TI Role of cytokines in the development and maintenance of memory T cells during respiratory viral infection SO CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL DESIGN LA English DT Review ID SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS; INFLUENZA-A VIRUS; IN-VIVO; L-SELECTIN; MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY; DENDRITIC CELLS; DEFICIENT MICE; BALB/C MICE; LYMPHOCYTE RECIRCULATION AB Much progress has been made in understanding the relationship between cytokines, T cell development, and the maintenance of memory T cells by examining the immune response to respiratory viral infections. Most of these studies have examined the T cell response to viruses that cause acute infection of limited duration, and have focused on the interplay between cytokines and individual responses by T cell subsets. This reductionism approach has been useful to piece together the puzzle of the host-immune response to respiratory virus infection, and has added to the holistic view of the networks involved in homeostatic control of T cell development and maintenance. This review addresses aspects of T cell biology that constitute the response to respiratory viral infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 196 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD PI HILVERSUM PA PO BOX 1673, 1200 BR HILVERSUM, NETHERLANDS SN 1381-6128 J9 CURR PHARM DESIGN JI Curr. Pharm. Design PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.2174/1381612033392521 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 633PB UT WOS:000180290700007 PM 12570674 ER PT J AU Mervis, CB Morris, CA Klein-Tasman, BP Bertrand, J Kwitny, S Appelbaum, LG Rice, CE AF Mervis, CB Morris, CA Klein-Tasman, BP Bertrand, J Kwitny, S Appelbaum, LG Rice, CE TI Attentional characteristics of infants and toddlers with Williams syndrome during triadic interactions SO DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEUREN-SYNDROME AB Two studies were conducted to consider the looking behavior of infants and toddlers with Williams syndrome (WS). In Study 1, the looking behavior of a 10-month-old girl with WS during play sessions with her mother and with a stranger was compared to that of 2 groups of infants who were developing normally (ND), I matched for chronological age and the other for developmental age. The infant with WS spent more than twice as much time looking at her mother as the infants in either contrast group did. She also spent twice as much time looking at the stranger. In addition, during 78% of this time, her gaze at the stranger was coded as extremely intense. Looks of this intensity were virtually never made by the ND infants. In Study 2, the looking behavior of 31 individuals with WS ages 8 to 43 months during a genetics evaluation was compared to that of 3 19 control children in the same age range (242 with developmental delay due to causes other than WS). Twenty-three of the 25 participants with WS aged 33 months or younger demonstrated extended and intense looking at the geneticist. In contrast, none of the control participants looked extensively or intently at the geneticist, Findings are discussed in the context of previous research on arousal and focused attention during normal development and on temperament and personality of older children and adults with WS. It is argued that the unusual looking patterns evidenced by infants and toddlers with WS presage the unusual temperament and personality of older individuals with WS, and the possibility of a genetic basis for these behaviors is addressed. C1 Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Univ Nevada, Sch Med, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mervis, CB (reprint author), Univ Louisville, Dept Psychol & Brain Sci, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD29957, R01 HD029957]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS35102, R01 NS035102] NR 27 TC 102 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 4 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC INC PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-2262 USA SN 8756-5641 J9 DEV NEUROPSYCHOL JI Dev. Neuropsychol. PY 2003 VL 23 IS 1-2 BP 243 EP 268 DI 10.1207/S15326942DN231&2_11 PG 26 WC Psychology, Developmental; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Psychology GA 664MP UT WOS:000182065100011 PM 12730027 ER PT J AU Ryerson, B Wang, J Tierney, EF Gregg, EW Thompson, TJ Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM AF Ryerson, B Wang, J Tierney, EF Gregg, EW Thompson, TJ Geiss, LS Engelgau, MM TI Excess physical limitations among adults with diabetes in the US population, 1997-1999 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; OLDER WOMEN; DISABILITY; FALLS; PREVALENCE; ASSOCIATION; EXERCISE AB OBJECTIVE - To estimate the prevalence of physical limitations associated with diabetes among U.S. adults greater than or equal to 18 years of age. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the association between diabetes status and physical limitations using the 1997-1999 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Physical limitation was defined from self-reported degree of difficulty with nine tasks. RESULTS - People with diabetes had a higher proportion of any physical limitation than did people without diabetes overall (66 vs. 29%, P < 0.001), for both men (59 vs. 24%, P < 0.001) and women (72 vs. 34%, P < 0.001). Compared with those without diabetes, a higher proportion of people with diabetes had some physical limitation among all age groups, and the difference declined (all P < 0.001) with increasing age (46 vs. 18% for 18-44 years, 63 vs. 35% for 45-64 years, 74 vs. 53% for 65-74 years, and 85 vs. 70% for those 75 years and older). After controlling for demographic characteristics and several other confounders, the odds ratio of physical limitation among adults with diabetes versus those without diabetes was 1.9 (95% Cl: 1.8-2.1). CONCLUSIONS - People with diabetes are much more likely to have a physical limitation than those without diabetes. Interventions are needed in this population to reduce progression from impairment to physical limitation and from physical limitation to disability, especially because the prevalence of diabetes is projected to increase dramatically in the next several decades. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Tierney, EF (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 32 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 206 EP 210 DI 10.2337/diacare.26.1.206 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 724UK UT WOS:000185504900032 PM 12502682 ER PT J AU Kahn, HS Curtis, KM Marchbanks, PA AF Kahn, HS Curtis, KM Marchbanks, PA TI Effects of injectable or implantable progestin-only contraceptives on insulin-glucose metabolism and diabetes risk SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID DEPOT-MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; UNITED-STATES; LEVONORGESTREL IMPLANTS; GROWTH-HORMONE; NORETHISTERONE OENANTHATE; ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVES; ADOLESCENT MOTHERS; WEIGHT CHANGE; NAVAJO WOMEN AB Progestin-only contraceptives administered by injection (Depo-Provera) or subcutaneous implant (Norplant) have been available to U.S. women for about a decade. Two epidemiological studies found their use associated with increased incidence of type 2 diabetes. In reviewing publications relating progestin injections and implants to glucose metabolism, 25 studies of various study designs and laboratory methods were identified that reported at least one insulin value in nondiabetic women. Research subjects were usually nonobese and often from developing countries. Of eight studies that performed sequential oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). after at least 6 months of Depo-Provera or Norplant use, seven found significant elevations (approximate doubling) of insulin at 2 or 3 h after glucose challenge; the effects on fasting, half-hour, or 1-h postchallenge insulin values were less consistent. The three studies that performed sequential intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs) on injection users all found an increased early-phase insulin response. One study used sequential hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps to demonstrate reduced total-body glucose uptake per unit of insulin after 8 weeks of Norplant use. The metabolic studies generally did not show a reduction in the glucose tolerance of their nondiabetic subjects. However, compared with the lean and low-risk women who were usually selected for metabolic research, many U.S. women receiving these injections or implants may start out with increased insulin resistance due to greater weight, sedentary lifestyle, and family or childbearing histories. Additional research could help clarify whether exposure to injectable or implantable contraceptives leads to increased risk of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes in women with predisposing factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kahn, HS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Diabet Translat, K-10,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Kahn, Henry/0000-0003-2533-1562 NR 69 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2003 VL 26 IS 1 BP 216 EP 225 DI 10.2337/diacare.26.1.216 PG 10 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 724UK UT WOS:000185504900034 PM 12502684 ER PT J AU Graves, PM Rotbart, HA Nix, WA Pallansch, MA Erlich, HA Norris, JA Hoffman, M Eisenbarth, GS Rewers, M AF Graves, PM Rotbart, HA Nix, WA Pallansch, MA Erlich, HA Norris, JA Hoffman, M Eisenbarth, GS Rewers, M TI Prospective study of enteroviral infections and development of beta-cell autoimmunity - Diabetes autoimmunity study in the young (DAISY) SO DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE type 1 diabetes; enterovirus; beta-cell autoimmunity; prospective study ID COXSACKIE-B; RISK FACTOR; IDDM; ONSET; CHILDREN; RNA; AUTOANTIBODIES; PREDICTION; RELATIVES; MELLITUS AB Objective: To determine whether there is association between infection with enteroviruses and beta-cell autoimmunity in children at elevated risk of developing type 1 diabetes. Background: Recent prospective and case-control studies of children who are at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes have suggested that enterovirus (EV) infections are a risk factor for beta-cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. Methods: A nested matched case-control study of incident cases of beta-cell autoimmunity within two prospective cohorts of genetically high-risk children (cases = 26, controls = 39). EV infection was detected by PCR of serum, saliva and rectal swab samples. Results: Prior to autoimmunity conversion (or the equivalent age in controls), 11.5% of cases and 17.9% of controls were positive for EV infection. EV was detected in 19.5% of cases and 25.6% of controls over the whole follow-up period. Conditional logistic regression gave no evidence that the frequency of EV infection was associated with beta-cell autoimmunity. There was a trend for the mean number of EV infections found in EV-positive cases (2.2/case) to be higher than in EV-positive controls (1.2/control, P = 0.08). However, there were no multiple infections prior to conversion in either cases or controls. Conclusions: There is no evidence from this study that EV infection is a risk factor for development of beta-cell autoimmunity. Further study is needed to assess whether persistent or repeated EV infections occur frequently in individuals with beta-cell autoimmunity. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Barbara Davis Ctr Childhood Diabet, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pediat Infect Dis, Denver, CO 80262 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Roche Mol Syst Inc, Dept Human Genet, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. RP Rewers, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Barbara Davis Ctr Childhood Diabet, Campus Box B-140,4200 E 9th Ave, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RI Graves, Patricia/J-8691-2014 OI Graves, Patricia/0000-0002-5215-3901 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-32493, DK-32083] NR 21 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0168-8227 J9 DIABETES RES CLIN PR JI Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 59 IS 1 BP 51 EP 61 AR PII S0168-8227(02)00198-5 DI 10.1016/S0168-8227(02)00198-5 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 637KM UT WOS:000180510300007 PM 12482642 ER PT J AU Jack, L AF Jack, L TI Diabetes self-management education research - An international review of intervention methods, theories, community partnerships and outcomes SO DISEASE MANAGEMENT & HEALTH OUTCOMES LA English DT Review ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN COMMUNITY; INTENSIVE INSULIN THERAPY; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; NEW-ZEALAND; MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC THEORY; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CHRONIC-DISEASE; PROJECT DIRECT; HEALTH AB An international literature search was conducted to identify studies published since 1995 examining the effects of diabetes self-management education (DSME) in community settings. Of the 24 publications identified, eight were examined to provide a discussion of intervention methods, the use by study authors of behavioral theories and models to explain cognitive and psychosocial processes, the employment of community partnerships and collaborations to enhance patient and community ownership of DSME, and the effects of DSME on intermediate- and short-term outcomes. Reported intermediate outcomes established that researchers are now beginning to recognize the complexity of diabetes. Interventions across publications included the use of lay health educators, family members in learning sessions, exercise classes in the community, support groups, and cooking demonstrations. Only two of eight studies identified a behavioral theory to explain cognitive and psychosocial processes. The lead agencies in all eight studies were medical universities or diabetes clinics that worked closely with community partners to deliver DSME in community settings. Community partners included diabetes centers, local churches, residential centers, and work sites. Studies in this review examined the effect of DSME on intermediate outcomes that included exercise, self-care behaviors, dietary habits, clinical service usage, self-esteem, social support, diabetes knowledge, and health beliefs, with one or more studies finding improvements in dietary habits, exercise, and diabetes knowledge. Short-term outcomes such as fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), body mass index, weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and impaired glucose tolerance were also examined. In at least one study, DSME favorably affected HbA(1c), cholesterol, body mass index, blood pressure, and fasting glucose. Studies discussed in this review demonstrated the effectiveness of a single DMSE intervention delivered in community settings. DSME has proven effective in improving both intermediate- and short-term outcomes. This review also revealed opportunities to improve the effectiveness of DSME studies in community settings. Future DSME studies should give more attention to identifying appropriate behavioral theories or models that help explain the mediating effects of cognitive and psychological processes on diabetes self-management. DSME studies in the future should continue to improve study designs to strengthen the credibility of research findings, use both qualitative and quantitative methods to capture intervention effects; and engage community members and partners in developing, implementing, and evaluating DSME interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. RP Jack, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 109 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 13 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1173-8790 J9 DIS MANAG HEALTH OUT JI Dis. Manag. Health Outcomes PY 2003 VL 11 IS 7 BP 415 EP 428 DI 10.2165/00115677-200311070-00002 PG 14 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 710RW UT WOS:000184694800002 ER PT J AU Norris, SL Glasgow, RE Engelgau, MM O'Connor, PJ McCulloch, D AF Norris, SL Glasgow, RE Engelgau, MM O'Connor, PJ McCulloch, D TI Chronic disease management a definition and systematic approach to component interventions SO DISEASE MANAGEMENT & HEALTH OUTCOMES LA English DT Article ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; CONTINUING MEDICAL-EDUCATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; CONGESTIVE-HEART-FAILURE; IMPROVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL; NURSE CASE-MANAGEMENT; PRIMARY-CARE; QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; DIABETES CARE; CLINICAL-OUTCOMES AB The burden of chronic diseases is tremendous, and traditional methods of healthcare delivery are unsuitable for addressing these needs. Chronic disease management has emerged as a new strategy for chronic disease care, but a consistent definition has not been utilized. Our objective is to present an operational definition of chronic disease management. Based on prior systematic reviews of chronic disease management programs, we propose a definition encompassing the main constructs noted in our reviews. We define chronic disease management in the clinical setting as an organized, proactive, multi-component, patient-centered approach to healthcare delivery that involves all members of a defined population who have a specific disease entity (or a subpopulation with specific risk factors). Care is focused on, and integrated across the entire spectrum of the disease and its complications, the prevention of comorbid conditions, and relevant aspects of the delivery system. Essential components include identification of the population, implementation of clinical practice guidelines or other decision-making tools, implementation of additional patient-, provider-, or healthcare system-focused interventions, the use of clinical information systems, and the measurement and management of outcomes. Consistent use of this definition and adequate documentation of the component interventions of chronic disease management will enable comparisons among programs and outcomes in evaluation research and clinical practice. Most importantly, it will assist in determining which specific interventions or combinations thereof, implemented as part of chronic disease management, are most effective. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. AMC Canc Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Kaiser Permanente, Denver, CO USA. HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Norris, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 74 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 11 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 1173-8790 J9 DIS MANAG HEALTH OUT JI Dis. Manag. Health Outcomes PY 2003 VL 11 IS 8 BP 477 EP 488 DI 10.2165/00115677-200311080-00001 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 717DA UT WOS:000185069300001 ER PT J AU Bhatia, D Yu, AM O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB Gonzalez, FJ Haining, RL AF Bhatia, D Yu, AM O'Callaghan, JP Miller, DB Gonzalez, FJ Haining, RL TI Does CYP2D6-humanization provide resistance to MPTP-induced toxicity in mice? SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 12th North American ISSX Meeting CY OCT 12-16, 2003 CL PROVIDENCE, RHODE ISLAND SP Pfizer Inc, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis Pharmaceut, Purdue Pharma LP, Schering-Plough Res, Sanofi Synthelabo Res, Merck Res Lab, Otsuka Pharmaceut Co Ltd, Wyeth-Ayerst Res Lab C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Basic Pharmaceut Sci, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NCI, Metab Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 2 MA 126 BP 63 EP 63 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 734QX UT WOS:000186069300123 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Kinneer, K Bi, YY AF Ma, Q Kinneer, K Bi, YY TI The antioxidant-activated transcription factor Nrf2 controls both the ARE- and DRE-dependent induction of NAD(P)H : quinone oxidoreductase: Cross-interaction between Nrf2 and AHR signal transduction SO DRUG METABOLISM REVIEWS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th European Meeting of the International-Society-for-the-Study-of-Xenobiotics (ISSX) CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2003 CL DIJON, FRANCE SP Int Soc Study Xenobiotics C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Receptor Biol Lab, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0360-2532 J9 DRUG METAB REV JI Drug Metab. Rev. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 1 MA 212 BP 106 EP 106 PG 1 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 665NW UT WOS:000182128400212 ER PT J AU Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Jones, JL Azevedo-Silva, J Alves, CCF Orefice, F Addiss, DG AF Bahia-Oliveira, LMG Jones, JL Azevedo-Silva, J Alves, CCF Orefice, F Addiss, DG TI Highly endemic, waterborne toxoplasmosis in north Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS; GONDII; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES; INFECTION AB In Campos dos Goytacazes, northern Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, reports of uveitis consistent with toxoplasmosis led to a survey of the prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in 1997-1999. The survey population was selected randomly from schools, randomly chosen communities, and an army battalion. Serum samples from 1,436 persons were tested. With results adjusted for age, 84% of the population in the lower socioeconomic group was seropositive, compared with 62% and 23% of the middle and upper socioeconomic groups, respectively (p<0.001). When multivariate analysis was performed, drinking unfiltered water was found to increase the risk of seropositivity for the lower socioeconomic (odds ratio [OR]: 3.0, 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.3 to 6.9) and middle socioeconomic (OR: 1.7, 95% Cl 1.2 to 23) populations, We also found a high T gondii seroprevalence in this Brazilian community. Drinking unfiltered water increased the risk of T gondii seropositivity, indicating the potential importance of oocyst transmission in water in this region. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Estadual Norte Fluminense, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop F22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/A-8464-2013 OI Bahia-Oliveira, Lilian/0000-0003-3001-8079 NR 18 TC 203 Z9 224 U1 0 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 55 EP 62 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 637GM UT WOS:000180503300009 PM 12533282 ER PT J AU Reiter, P Lathrop, S Bunning, M Biggerstaff, B Singer, D Tiwari, T Baber, L Amador, M Thirion, J Hayes, J Seca, C Mendez, J Ramirez, B Robinson, J Rawlings, J Vorndam, V Waterman, S Gubler, D Clark, G Hayes, E AF Reiter, P Lathrop, S Bunning, M Biggerstaff, B Singer, D Tiwari, T Baber, L Amador, M Thirion, J Hayes, J Seca, C Mendez, J Ramirez, B Robinson, J Rawlings, J Vorndam, V Waterman, S Gubler, D Clark, G Hayes, E TI Texas lifestyle limits transmission of dengue virus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Urban dengue is common in most countries of the Americas, but has been rare in the United States for more than half a century. In 1999 we investigated an outbreak of the disease that affected Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico, and Laredo, Texas, United States, contiguous cities that straddle the international border. The incidence of recent cases, indicated by immunoglobulin M antibody serosurvey, was higher in Nuevo Laredo, although the vector, Aedes aegypti, was more abundant in Laredo. Environmental factors that affect contact with mosquitoes, such as air-conditioning and human behavior, appear to account for this paradox. We conclude that the low prevalence of dengue in the United States is primarily due to economic, rather than climatic, factors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. City Laredo Hlth Dept, Laredo, TX, Spain. Univ Texas, Boerne, TX USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Laredo, TX USA. RP Reiter, P (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Bldg 1,Room 107,665 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. NR 17 TC 162 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 9 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 86 EP 89 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 637GM UT WOS:000180503300013 PM 12533286 ER PT J AU Weinberg, M Waterman, S Lucas, CA Falcon, VC Morales, PK Lopez, LA Peter, C Gutierrez, AE Gonzalez, ER Flisser, A Bryar, R Valle, EN Rodriguez, A Hernandez, GA Rosales, C Ortiz, JA Lander, M Vilchis, H Rawlings, J Leal, FL Ortega, L Flagg, E Conyer, RT Cetron, M AF Weinberg, M Waterman, S Lucas, CA Falcon, VC Morales, PK Lopez, LA Peter, C Gutierrez, AE Gonzalez, ER Flisser, A Bryar, R Valle, EN Rodriguez, A Hernandez, GA Rosales, C Ortiz, JA Lander, M Vilchis, H Rawlings, J Leal, FL Ortega, L Flagg, E Conyer, RT Cetron, M CA Border Infect Dis Surveillance Grp TI The US-Mexico border infectious disease surveillance project: Establishing binational border surveillance SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MURINE TYPHUS; SOUTH TEXAS; HEPATITIS-A; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BRUCELLOSIS; CALIFORNIA; COMMUNITY; CHILDREN; COUNTY AB In 1997, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Mexican Secretariat of Health, and border health officials began the development of the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance (BIDS) project, a surveillance system for infectious diseases along the U.S.-Mexico border. During a 3-year period, a binational team implemented an active, sentinel surveillance system for hepatitis and febrile exanthems at 13 clinical sites. The network developed surveillance protocols, trained nine surveillance coordinators, established serologic testing at four Mexican border laboratories, and created agreements for data sharing and notification of selected diseases and outbreaks. BIDS facilitated investigations of dengue fever in Texas-Tamaulipas and measles in California-Baja California. BIDS demonstrates that a binational effort with local, state, and federal participation can create a regional surveillance system that crosses an international border. Reducing administrative, infrastructure, and political barriers to cross-border public health collaboration will enhance the effectiveness of disease prevention projects such as BIDS. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Diego Cty Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Publ Hlth Lab, San Diego, CA USA. Inst Diagnost & Referencias Epidemiol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Inst Serv Salud Publ Baja Calif, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Tucson, AZ USA. Secretaria Salud Mexico City, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Secretaria Salud Publ, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Serv Salud Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. Border Epidemiol Ctr, Las Cruces, NM USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Austin, TX 78756 USA. Serv Salud Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Pan Amer Hlth Org, El Paso, TX USA. RP Weinberg, M (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Vilchis, Hugo/0000-0001-7841-8835 NR 37 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 97 EP 102 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 637GM UT WOS:000180503300015 PM 12533288 ER PT J AU Beard, CB Pye, G Steurer, FJ Rodriguez, R Campman, R Peterson, AT Ramsey, J Wirtz, RA Robinson, LE AF Beard, CB Pye, G Steurer, FJ Rodriguez, R Campman, R Peterson, AT Ramsey, J Wirtz, RA Robinson, LE TI Chagas disease in a domestic transmission cycle in southern Texas, USA SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI AB After three dogs died from acute Chagas cardiomyopathy at one location, an investigation was conducted of the home, garage, and grounds of the owner. A serologic study was conducted on stray dogs, and an ecologic niche model was developed to predict areas where the vector Triatoma gerstaeckeri might be expected. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Texas Dept Hlth, Harlingen, TX USA. Cameron Cty Hlth Dept, San Benito, TX USA. Univ Kansas, Museum Nat Hist, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Inst Nacl Salud Publ Cuernavaca, Ctr Invest Enfermedades Infecciosas, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico. RP Beard, CB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM cbeard@cdc.gov RI Peterson, A. Townsend/I-5697-2013 OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 16 TC 105 Z9 108 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 103 EP 105 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 637GM UT WOS:000180503300016 PM 12533289 ER PT J AU Lux, JZ Weiss, D Linden, JV Kessler, D Herwaldt, BL Wong, SJ Keithly, J Della-Latta, P Scully, BE AF Lux, JZ Weiss, D Linden, JV Kessler, D Herwaldt, BL Wong, SJ Keithly, J Della-Latta, P Scully, BE TI Transfusion-associated babesiosis after heart transplant SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-STATE; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; WASHINGTON-STATE; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; RECIPIENT; MICROTI AB We describe a 54-year-old spleen-intact man with transfusion-associated Babesia microti infection after a heart transplant. Adult respiratory distress syndrome developed in the patient, and he required mechanical ventilation. Our experiences with this patient suggest that babesiosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of transplant patients who have fever and hemolytic anemia. C1 Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Scully, BE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10027 USA. OI Lux, Joseph /0000-0002-4573-7618 NR 19 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 9 IS 1 BP 116 EP 119 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 637GM UT WOS:000180503300020 PM 12533293 ER PT J AU De Staercke, C Phillips, DJ Hooper, WC AF De Staercke, C Phillips, DJ Hooper, WC TI Differential responses of human umbilical and coronary artery endothelial cells to apoptosis SO ENDOTHELIUM-NEW YORK LA English DT Article DE apoptosis; coronary artery disease; endothelium; HCAEC; HUVEC; tissue factor (TF) ID TISSUE FACTOR; DEATH; PROCOAGULANT; DISEASE AB Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, plays an important role not only in normal homeostasis but is increasingly implicated in a number of pathological processes. The contribution of apoptosis in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease has been suggested. In this study the authors compared the effects of inductive and suppressive signals as well as the two combined apoptotic signals during the early stages of apoptosis using two types of human endothelial cells isolated from the umbilical vein (HUVECs) and from the coronary artery (HCAECs) vascular beds as study targets. The authors demonstrated that HUVECs were more susceptible than HCAECs to apoptosis, as measured by a 2.5-fold increase in caspase-3 activity, which in turn may suggest a different pattern in association to the apoptotic mechanism within each cell type. Under inducing conditions of apoptosis, a significant increase in tissue factor (TF) expression at both the mRNA and protein level in HUVECs compared to the level of TF expression in HCAECs was observed. These different responses of endothelial cell types potentially indicate unequal susceptibility to apoptosis, depending on their vascular bed origins, and emphasize the importance of cell-type and -origin considerations when selecting a study model of apoptosis and pathophysiology. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD, MS DO2, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-3329 J9 ENDOTHELIUM-NEW YORK JI Endothelium PY 2003 VL 10 IS 2 BP 71 EP 78 DI 10.1080/10623320390195718 PG 8 WC Cell Biology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cell Biology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 701ZR UT WOS:000184199800002 PM 12791514 ER PT J AU Ward, EM Schulte, PA Bayard, S Blair, A Brandt-Rauf, P Butler, MA Dankovic, D Hubbs, AF Jones, C Karstadt, M Kedderis, GL Melnick, R Redlich, CA Rothman, N Savage, RE Sprinker, M Toraason, M Weston, A AF Ward, EM Schulte, PA Bayard, S Blair, A Brandt-Rauf, P Butler, MA Dankovic, D Hubbs, AF Jones, C Karstadt, M Kedderis, GL Melnick, R Redlich, CA Rothman, N Savage, RE Sprinker, M Toraason, M Weston, A CA Natl Occupational Res Agenda Team TI Priorities for development of research methods in occupational cancer SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE cancer research; National Occupational Research Agenda; occupational health; research priorities ID PETROLEUM MIDDLE DISTILLATES; NATIONAL-TOXICOLOGY-PROGRAM; PREDICT HUMAN CANCER; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT; BREAST-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; CHILDHOOD-CANCER; VINYL-CHLORIDE AB Occupational cancer research methods was identified in 1996 as 1 of 21 priority research areas in the National Occupational Research Agenda (NORA). To implement NORA, teams of experts from various sectors were formed and given the charge to further define research needs and develop strategies to enhance or augment research in each priority area. This article is a product of that process. Focus on occupational cancer research methods is important both because occupational factors play a significant role in a number of cancers, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, and also because occupational cohorts (because of higher exposure levels) often provide unique opportunities to evaluate health effects of environmental toxicants and understand the carcinogenic process in humans. Despite an explosion of new methods for cancer research in general, these have not been widely applied to occupational cancer research. In this article we identify needs and gaps in occupational cancer research methods in four broad areas: identification of occupational carcinogens, design of epidemiologic studies, risk assessment, and primary and secondary prevention. Progress in occupational cancer will require interdisciplinary research involving epidemiologists, industrial hygienists, toxicologists, and molecular biologists. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Occupat Safety & Hlth Adm, Washington, DC USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. US Mine Safety & Hlth Adm, Arlington, VA USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Chem Ind Inst Toxicol, Ctr Hlth Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Yale Univ, Occupat Environm Med Program, New Haven, CT USA. Int Chem Workers Union Council, United Food & Commercial Workers, Akron, OH USA. RP Schulte, PA (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015 NR 126 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 1 EP 12 DI 10.1289/ehp.5537 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 642MF UT WOS:000180807600020 PM 12524210 ER PT J AU Longnecker, MP Wolff, MS Gladen, BC Brock, JW Grandjean, P Jacobson, JL Korrick, SA Rogan, WJ Weisglas-Kuperus, N Hertz-Picciotto, I Ayotte, P Stewart, P Winneke, G Charles, MJ Jacobson, SW Dewailly, E Boersma, ER Altshul, LM Heinzow, B Pagano, JJ Jensen, AA AF Longnecker, MP Wolff, MS Gladen, BC Brock, JW Grandjean, P Jacobson, JL Korrick, SA Rogan, WJ Weisglas-Kuperus, N Hertz-Picciotto, I Ayotte, P Stewart, P Winneke, G Charles, MJ Jacobson, SW Dewailly, E Boersma, ER Altshul, LM Heinzow, B Pagano, JJ Jensen, AA TI Comparison of polychlorinated biphenyl levels across studies of human neurodevelopment SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE child development; environmental exposure; environmental pollutants; neurotoxins; polychlorinated biphenyls ID THYROID-HORMONE LEVELS; HUMAN BLOOD-PLASMA; HUMAN-MILK; DICHLORODIPHENYL DICHLOROETHENE; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FISH CONSUMPTION; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; PCB CONGENERS; SERUM; DDE AB Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent pollutants that are ubiquitous in the food chain, and detectable amounts are in the blood of almost every person in most populations that have been examined. Extensive evidence from animal studies shows that PCBs are neurotoxins, even at low doses. Interpretation of human data regarding low-level, early-life PCB exposure and subsequent neurodevelopment is problematic because levels of exposure were not similarly quantified across studies. We expressed the exposure levels from 10 studies of PCB and neurodevelopment in a uniform manner using a combination of data from original investigators, laboratory reanalyses, calculations based on published data, and expert opinion. The mainstay of our comparison was the median level of PCB 153 in maternal pregnancy serum. The median concentration of PCB 153 in the 10 studies ranged from 30 to 450 ng/g serum lipid, and the median of the 10 medians was 110 ng/g. We found that a) the distribution of PCB 153 exposure in most studies overlapped substantially, b) exposure levels in the Faroe Islands study were about 3-4-fold higher than in most other studies, and c) the exposure levels in the two recent U.S. studies were about one-third of those in the four earlier U.S. studies or recent Dutch, German, and northern Quebec studies. Our results will facilitate a direct comparison of the findings on PCBs and neurodevelopment when they are published for all 10 studies. C1 NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. NIEHS, Biostat Branch, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ So Denmark, Inst Publ Hlth, Odense, Denmark. Wayne State Univ, Dept Psychol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Erasmus Univ, Div Neonatol, Dept Pediat, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ Rotterdam Hosp, Sophia Childrens Hosp, Rotterdam, Netherlands. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. CHUL, CHUQ, Res Ctr, Publ Hlth Res Unit, Beauport, PQ, Canada. Univ Laval, Dept Social & Prevent Med, Beaufort, PQ, Canada. SUNY Coll Oswego, Dept Psychol, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. Univ Dusseldorf, Med Inst Environm Hyg, D-4000 Dusseldorf, Germany. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Toxicol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat & Behav Neurosci, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Groningen Hosp, Dept Obstet Pediat, Groningen, Netherlands. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. SUNY Coll Oswego, Environm Res Ctr, Oswego, NY 13126 USA. Inst Environm Toxicol, Kiel, Germany. DK Teknik Energy & Environm, Soborg, Denmark. RP Longnecker, MP (reprint author), NIEHS, Epidemiol Branch, POB 12233,MD A3-05, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RI Rogan, Walter/I-6034-2012; OI Rogan, Walter/0000-0002-9302-0160; Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322; Grandjean, Philippe/0000-0003-4046-9658 NR 42 TC 187 Z9 189 U1 0 U2 15 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 65 EP 70 DI 10.1289/ehp.5463 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 642MF UT WOS:000180807600028 PM 12515680 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB MacKenzie, EJ AF Thacker, SB MacKenzie, EJ TI Preface: The role of the epidemiologist in injury prevention and control - An unmet challenge SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, MS C08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2003 VL 25 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxg008 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 707RN UT WOS:000184523800001 PM 12923985 ER PT J AU Horan, JM Mallonee, S AF Horan, JM Mallonee, S TI Injury surveillance SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; MOTOR-VEHICLE CRASHES; PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; WORK-RELATED INJURIES; SPINAL-CORD INJURIES; HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; UNITED-STATES; OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES; ACUTE HOSPITALIZATION; SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Injury Prevent Serv, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Horan, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Mailstop D-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 248 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 8 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2003 VL 25 BP 24 EP 42 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxg010 PG 19 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 707RN UT WOS:000184523800004 PM 12923988 ER PT J AU Doll, L Bartenfeld, T Binder, S AF Doll, L Bartenfeld, T Binder, S TI Evaluation of interventions designed to prevent and control injuries SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID BICYCLE SAFETY HELMETS; OLDER-PEOPLE; PROGRAM; BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENTS; INCREASE; DRINKING; OUTCOMES; CHILDREN; CAMPAIGN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Doll, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,K-02, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 94 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2003 VL 25 BP 51 EP 59 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxg003 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 707RN UT WOS:000184523800006 PM 12923990 ER PT J AU Gielen, AC Sleet, D AF Gielen, AC Sleet, D TI Application of behavior-change theories and methods to injury prevention SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID HEALTH-PROMOTION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; SOCIAL-SCIENCES; INTERVENTIONS; EMERGENCY; SAFETY; SKILLS; RISK; DRINKING; PROGRESS C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gielen, AC (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Injury Res & Policy, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 119 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 8 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2003 VL 25 BP 65 EP 76 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxg004 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 707RN UT WOS:000184523800008 PM 12923991 ER PT J AU Kobau, R Price, P AF Kobau, R Price, P TI Knowledge of epilepsy and familiarity with this disorder in the US population: Results from the 2002 HealthStyles Survey SO EPILEPSIA LA English DT Article DE epilepsy; seizures; United States; communication campaigns; health education; survey; stigma; Epilepsy Foundation ID PUBLIC-ATTITUDES; PERCEPTIONS; STIGMA AB Purpose: To assess perceptions of knowledge and experience with epilepsy and seizures in the U.S. population to develop communication campaigns to improve the public's understanding of epilepsy. In a national survey, focal points included the public's knowledge of the disorder, whether people know someone who has it, exposure to epilepsy-related information. and knowledge about how to respond to a person having a seizure. Methods: The Epilepsy Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention included nine items on an annual mail survey that targeted a representative sample of the U.S. population. Data were weighted to be representative of the U.S. population. chi(2) analyses were performed, and standardized residuals were used to examine the associations between responses and demographic variables. Results: Responses were obtained from 4,397 persons. Despite the low prevalence of epilepsy, results indicate that about half of all persons have witnessed an epileptic seizure either in person or on television; about one third of all persons know someone with epilepsy, but relatively few are familiar with epilepsy, how to respond to a seizure, or with the Epilepsy Foundation. Conclusions: In general, the public has relatively little knowledge about epilepsy. Educational campaigns that inform the public about this disorder and about seizures should work through community settings to improve the general public's understanding of epilepsy. C1 CDC, NCCDPHP, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch,Epilepsy Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kobau, R (reprint author), CDC, NCCDPHP, Div Adult & Commun Hlth, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch,Epilepsy Branch, 3005 Chamblee Tucker Rd,Mailstop K-51, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 48 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0013-9580 J9 EPILEPSIA JI Epilepsia PY 2003 VL 44 IS 11 BP 1449 EP 1454 DI 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.17603.x PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 741FZ UT WOS:000186449200014 PM 14636355 ER PT J AU Phipps, PA Stanford, MR Sun, JB Xiao, BG Holmgren, J Shinnick, T Hasan, A Mizushima, Y Lehner, T AF Phipps, PA Stanford, MR Sun, JB Xiao, BG Holmgren, J Shinnick, T Hasan, A Mizushima, Y Lehner, T TI Prevention of mucosally induced uveitis with a HSP60-derived peptide linked to cholera toxin B subunit SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE uveitis; HSP peptide; tolerance; cholera toxin B subunit ID HEAT-SHOCK-PROTEIN; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; COLLAGEN-INDUCED ARTHRITIS; BEHCETS-DISEASE; ORAL TOLERANCE; T-CELLS; II COLLAGEN; LEWIS RATS; EXPRESSION; INDUCTION AB Oral administration of the uveitogenic peptide (aa 336-351) derived from human HSP60 induced clinical and histological manifestations of uveitis in 65.8% (48/73) of Lewis rats. Uveitis was significantly decreased to 16.7% (11/66) in parallel experiments with the peptide linked to recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (rCTB), also given by mouth (x(2) = 34.2, p<0.0001). The protective efficacy between tolerized and immunized animals was 74.7%. Adoptive transfer of mesenteric lymph node cells from tolerized rats prevented the development of uveitis. A significantly higher proportion of regulatory CD4(+)CD45RC(low)RT6(+) subset of Th2 memory cells were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes (p<0.005) and spleens (p<0.05) of tolerized rats without uveitis, as compared with immunized rats and uveitis. In situ hybridization studies of mesenteric lymph nodes and/or the uveal tract showed significant increases in IL-10 and TGF-beta mRNA but decreases in IFN-gamma and IL-12 mRNA in tolerized, as compared with immunized animals. Thus, the mechanism of tolerance, preventing the development of uveitis may involve a regulatory subset of memory cells and a shift from Th1 to Th2 and Th3 cytokines. We suggest that mucosally induced uveitis can be prevented by oral administration of the peptide-rCTB conjugate. C1 Guys Hosp, Peter Gorer Dept Immunobiol, Guys Kings & St Thomas Sch Med & Dent, London SE1 9RT, England. Guys Hosp, Dept Ophthalmol, Guys Kings & St Thomas Sch Med & Dent, London SE1 9RT, England. Univ Gothenburg, Vaccine Res Inst, GUVAX, Dept Med Microbiol & Immunol, Gothenburg, Sweden. Huddinge Univ, Karolinska Inst, Div Neurol, Stockholm, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. St Marianna Univ, Inst Med Sci, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan. RP Lehner, T (reprint author), Guys Hosp, Peter Gorer Dept Immunobiol, Guys Kings & St Thomas Sch Med & Dent, 3rd Floor New Guys House, London SE1 9RT, England. NR 40 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0014-2980 J9 EUR J IMMUNOL JI Eur. J. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1002/immu.200390025 PG 9 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 639HU UT WOS:000180623100026 PM 12594851 ER PT J AU Roehrig, JT AF Roehrig, JT TI Antigenic structure of flavivirus proteins SO FLAVIVIRUSES: STRUCTURE, REPLICATION AND EVOLUTION SE ADVANCES IN VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; YELLOW-FEVER VIRUS; WEST-NILE-VIRUS; T-CELL-CLONES; ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; NONSTRUCTURAL GLYCOPROTEIN NS1; LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAYS; CAPTURE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M ANTIBODY C1 US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Roehrig, JT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Publ Hlth Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 192 TC 138 Z9 146 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3527 J9 ADV VIRUS RES JI Adv.Virus Res. PY 2003 VL 59 BP 141 EP + DI 10.1016/S0065-3527(03)59005-4 PG 37 WC Virology SC Virology GA BY24F UT WOS:000188415900005 PM 14696329 ER PT J AU Heneine, W Schweizer, A Sandstrom, P Folks, T AF Heneine, W Schweizer, A Sandstrom, P Folks, T TI Human infection with foamy viruses SO FOAMY VIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID AMYOTROPHIC-LATERAL-SCLEROSIS; HUMAN SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; NATURALLY-OCCURRING ANTIBODIES; HUMAN SPUMA RETROVIRUS; GRAVES-DISEASE; HUMAN SPUMARETROVIRUS; NO EVIDENCE; SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS; ZOONOTIC INFECTION AB Virtually all nonhuman primate species investigated thus far including prosimians, New World and Old World monkeys and apes all harbor distinct and species-specific clades of simian foamy virus (SFV). However, evidence supporting the existence of a human-specific foamy virus (FV) is not yet available. Early reports describing widespread infection of healthy and sick humans with FV could not be confirmed. In contrast, all FV infections documented in humans are of zoonotic origin and are identified in persons occupationally exposed to nonhuman primates. The introduction of SFV into humans raises several public health questions regarding disease outcomes and potential for human-to-human transmissibility. The available data from a very limited number of SFV-infected humans suggest that these infections are nonpathogenic and are not easily transmissible. Additional studies are needed to better define the prevalence and natural history of SFV in humans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Paul Ehrlich Inst, D-63225 Langen, Germany. Hlth Canada, Bur HIV AIDS STD & TB, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 68 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2003 VL 277 BP 181 EP 196 PG 16 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BX24L UT WOS:000184721700008 PM 12908773 ER PT J AU Chen, F Castranova, V Li, ZW Karin, M Shi, XL AF Chen, F Castranova, V Li, ZW Karin, M Shi, XL TI IKK[beta] deficiency causes oxidative stress and prolonged JNK activation induced by arsenic SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicne CY NOV 20-24, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 CDC, NIOSH, PPRB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. UCSD Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol, San Diego, CA USA. RI Chen, Fei/A-3056-2008 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 1 MA 176 BP S61 EP S62 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 744XV UT WOS:000186658900196 ER PT J AU Wang, SS Tondella, MLC Fink, B Liu, G Fields, B Zafari, AM AF Wang, SS Tondella, MLC Fink, B Liu, G Fields, B Zafari, AM TI Chlamydia pneumoniae infection increases free radical production in lymphoblast cell lines SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 10th Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Free-Radical-Biology-and-Medicne CY NOV 20-24, 2003 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Free Rad Biol & Med C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta VAMC, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2003 VL 35 SU 1 MA 60 BP S29 EP S29 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 744XV UT WOS:000186658900080 ER PT J AU Imperatore, G Pinsky, LE Motulsky, A Reyes, M Bradley, LA Burke, W AF Imperatore, G Pinsky, LE Motulsky, A Reyes, M Bradley, LA Burke, W TI Hereditary hemochromatosis: Perspectives of public health, medical genetics, and primary care SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE hereditary hemochromatosis; screening; genetics; HFE; gene; iron overload ID AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT HEMOCHROMATOSIS; IRON OVERLOAD DISEASE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; UNITED-STATES; HFE GENE; JUVENILE HEMOCHROMATOSIS; AFRICAN-AMERICANS; C282Y MUTATION; PREVALENCE; POPULATION AB Hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC) is a condition characterized by excess iron in body tissues, resulting in complications such as cirrhosis, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, and arthritis. These complications usually manifest during adulthood. Two methods of screening for the detection of early stage of HHC are available: serum iron measures and molecular testing to detect mutations in the HFE gene. These phenotypic and genotypic screening tests are of particular interest because a simple treatment-periodic phlebotomy-can be used to prevent iron accumulation and clinical complications. HHC might represent the first adult-onset genetic disorder for which universal population-based screening would be appropriate. Therefore, HHC has been proposed as a paradigm for the introduction of adult genetic diseases into clinical and public health practice. However, universal screening for HHC has not been recommended because of the uncertainty about the natural history of the iron overload or HHC and, in particular, uncertainty about the prevalence of asymptomatic iron overload and the likelihood that it will progress to clinical complications. If universal screening is not appropriate based on current data, what other measures might reduce the disease burden of iron overload? New studies provide more systematic information about the penetrance of the HFE C282Y mutation and shed further light on the natural history of the disorder. The authors review these data and consider their implications for public health, medical genetics, and primary care. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Clinigene Labs, Hauppauge, NY USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Imperatore, G (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 64 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000047946.94270.34 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 740EV UT WOS:000186390700001 PM 12544469 ER PT J AU McQuillan, GM Porter, KS Agelli, M Kington, R AF McQuillan, GM Porter, KS Agelli, M Kington, R TI Consent for genetic research in a general population: The NHANES experience SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE informed consent; genetic research; survey; representative sample; household population ID INFORMED CONSENT; DISEASE PREVENTION; CANCER; FAMILIES; SAMPLES AB Purpose: To determine the sociodemographic factors associated with consent for storage of DNA for future genetic research. Methods: Analysis of the characteristics of consenting individuals participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey of the US household population. Results: In 1999, 84% (95% confidence interval 82.4-85.6) of eligible participants consented to have their blood samples included in a national repository for genetic research. In 2000, 85.3% (95% confidence interval 84.0-86.6) consented. Females and black participants in both years were least likely to consent (1999, 82.2% and 73.2%; 2000, 83.6% and 81.3%, respectively). An assessment by logistic regression demonstrated that in both years only non-Hispanic black race/ethnicity was a significant independent predictor for not consenting to future genetic research. Conclusion: Although non-Hispanic black individuals have overall response rates similar to those of the other racial/ethnic groups, they are less likely to agree to have a blood sample saved for future genetic research. In balance, however, these findings demonstrate wide acceptance among survey participants for allowing storage of specimens for future genetic research across many demographic variables. C1 NIH, Off Behav & Social Sci Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP McQuillan, GM (reprint author), 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 1000, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 20 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 5 IS 1 BP 35 EP 42 DI 10.1097/01.GIM.0000048372.64172.15 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 740EV UT WOS:000186390700006 PM 12544474 ER PT B AU Mensah, GA Zheng, ZJ Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB AF Mensah, GA Zheng, ZJ Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB BE Kimchi, A TI Sudden cardiac death: The clinical and public health challenges SO HEART DISEASE: PATHOGENESIS, DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Congress on Heart Disease CY JUL 12-15, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP Int Acad Cardiol ID AUTOMATED EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATORS AB Sudden cardiac death (SCD) and the broader category of unexpected out-of-hospital cardiac deaths (OHCD) remain major clinical and public health problems. In the US, an estimated 400,000-450,000 OHCDs occur each year, of which approximately 250,000 deaths result directly from cardiac arrest. Although recent advances in clinical and population science research coupled with technological innovations in device therapy have provided a wealth of evidence from which to manage SCD survivors, daunting clinical and public health challenges persist. In this paper, we summarize recent trends in SCD and OHCD in the United States, and explore public health strategies in the prevention of SCD and OHCD. Sudden cardiac death (SCD) and the broader category of unexpected out-of-hospital cardiac deaths (OHCD) remain major clinical and public health problems, despite recent advances in clinical and population science research, as well as technological innovations in device therapy [1). Important ambiguities in case definition and ascertainment remain unresolved. Lack of a national registry hampers reliable national-level estimation of incidence and trends. Public awareness of the symptoms and signs of heart attack and cardiac arrest is relatively low and knowledge of action by bystanders is limited when encountering a sudden cardiac arrest. Low public awareness and inadequate response may contribute in part to the low success rate (less than 10%) of resuscitation of cardiac arrest. Clinically SCD is defined as an unexpected natural death from a cardiac etiology within a short time period (usually one hour or less) lifestyle modification, smoking cessation, blood pressure and cholesterol control, diabetes and weight control, beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor, and aspirin use; (5) Support public health infrastructure to address definitions, surveillance, health education, policy development and assurance; (6) Promote policies on universal 9-1-1 coverage and accessibility of AED in home, public places and in rural communities; (7) Support health-related quality of life and outcomes research in SCD survivors, and economic analyses from a societal perspective for the use of innovative device therapy, especially in primary prevention of SCD. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Bank, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mensah, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Bank, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MEDIMOND PUBLISHING CO PI BOLOGNA PA VIA RUBBIANI 6/2, 40124 BOLOGNA, ITALY BN 88-7587-004-7 PY 2003 BP 399 EP 402 PG 4 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA BBE82 UT WOS:000225160700058 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Mohar, A Smith, C Schofield, A Halperin, D Sanchez, L Parsonnet, J AF Guarner, J Herrera-Goepfert, R Mohar, A Smith, C Schofield, A Halperin, D Sanchez, L Parsonnet, J TI Diagnostic yield of gastric biopsy specimens when screening for preneoplastic lesions SO HUMAN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gastric biopsy; preneoplasia; screening; diagnosis ID HELICOBACTER-PYLORI INFECTION; INTESTINAL METAPLASIA; SYDNEY SYSTEM; CLASSIFICATION; COLONIZATION; ASSOCIATION; CHIAPAS; MEXICO; ULCER AB The Sydney system recommends sites and numbers of stomach biopsies (mapping) for evaluation of Helicobacter pylori-associated lesions. The diagnostic yield of the recommended mapping technique in populations at high risk for gastric preneoplastic lesions has not been established. We evaluated pathology data from 733 endoscopies performed as part of an intervention study that assessed the effects of H. pylori treatment on preneoplastic conditions. Two pathologists assessed whether the mapping sequence of the 7 biopsy specimens obtained during each endoscopy was correctly followed and graded the specimens using the Sydney classification for gastritis. If the mapping sequence was followed, then we evaluated whether the amount of information obtained from 3 biopsy samples approximated that obtained from 5 and 7 biopsy samples. The mapping sequence was followed in only 239 (33%) endoscopies, indicating that experienced endoscopists can inadvertently misidentify sites in the stomach when obtaining specimens. When data from 7 specimens were used, H. pylori was found in 205 endoscopies, atrophy in 152, metaplasia in 135, and dysplasia in 22. When data from 3 specimens were used, the sensitivity was 99% for presence of H. pylori, 82% for atrophy and metaplasia, and 81% for dysplasia. When data from 5 specimens were used, the sensitivity was 100% for H. pylori, 96% for atrophy, and 95% for metaplasia and dysplasia. Although site-specific biopsy mapping is difficult in practice, the recommendations of the Sydney system as to the location and number of gastric biopsy specimens can adequately identify significant gastric histopathology. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Nacl Cancerol, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Mexico, Inst Invest Biomed, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. Colegio Frontera Sur, Chiapas, Mexico. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Guarner, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop G32,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA67488-04] NR 21 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0046-8177 J9 HUM PATHOL JI Hum. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 28 EP 31 DI 10.1053/hupa.2003.3 PG 4 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 641EQ UT WOS:000180732200005 PM 12605363 ER PT J AU Richmond, JY Hill, RH Weyant, RS Nesby-O'Dell, SL Vinson, PE AF Richmond, JY Hill, RH Weyant, RS Nesby-O'Dell, SL Vinson, PE TI What's hot in animal biosafety? SO ILAR JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE biosafety; biosecurity; infectious waste; polio; prions ID PRION DISEASE; INACTIVATION AB In recent years, the emergence or re-emergence of critical issues in infectious disease and public health has presented new challenges and opportunities for laboratory animal care professionals. The re-emergence of bioterrorism as a threat activity of individuals or small groups has caused a heightened awareness of biosecurity and improved biosafety. The need for animal work involving high-risk or high-consequence pathogens and for arthropod-borne diseases has stimulated renewed interest in animal biosafety matters, particularly for work in containment. Application of these principles to animals retained in outdoor environments has been a consequence of disease eradication programs. The anticipated global eradication of wild poliovirus has prompted the promulgation of new biosafety guidelines for future laboratory and animal work. Increased concern regarding the use of biologically derived toxins and hazardous chemicals has stimulated a new categorization of facility containment based on risk assessment. Recognition that prion disease agents and other high-con sequence pathogens require safe handling and thorough destruction during terminal decontamination treatment has led to the development of new biosafety guidelines and technologies. The implementation of these guidelines and technologies will promote state-of-the-art research while minimizing risk to laboratory animals, researchers, and the environment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Richmond, JY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU INST LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH, NATL RES COUNCIL PI WASHINGTON PA 500 FIFTH ST, N W, WASHINGTON, DC 20001 USA SN 1084-2020 J9 ILAR J JI ILAR J. PY 2003 VL 44 IS 1 BP 20 EP 27 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 752WL UT WOS:000187199100004 PM 12473828 ER PT S AU Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA AF Oberste, MS Pallansch, MA BE Sanjeevi, CB Eisenbarth, GS TI Establishing evidence for enterovirus infection in chronic disease SO IMMUNOLOGY OF DIABETES II: PATHOGENESIS FROM MOUSE TO MAN SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Congress of the Immunology-of-Diabetes-Society and American-Diabetes-Association Research Symposium CY OCT 03-06, 2002 CL COPPER MT, COLORADO SP Amer Diabetes Assoc, Immunol Diabetes Soc DE enterovirus; type 1 diabetes mellitus; RT-PCR; seminested PCR; molecular typing ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; VIRUS; PICORNAVIRUS; CLASSIFICATION; COXSACKIE; SEQUENCE; ONSET; IDENTIFICATION; SEROTYPE; VP1 AB Viruses have long been considered among potential environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Epidemiologic and seroprevalence studies have associated enterovirus infection with development of prediabetic autoimmunity and with the onset of clinical diabetes. Enterovirus infection has also been temporally correlated with disease onset by virus isolation or by detection of viral genome by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). For the large-scale prospective studies that are required to firmly establish a causal relationship between enterovirus infection and development of prediabetic autoimmunity or progression from autoimmunity to clinical diabetes, sensitive RT-PCR methods must be used to detect virus prior to the onset of diabetic symptoms. We have developed an RT-seminested PCR protocol to detect enteroviruses in clinical specimens. This method is approximately 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional, single-amplification PCR. Further, we have developed molecular methods to rapidly and reliably identify enterovirus serotype, bypassing the cumbersome and often problematic neutralization test. The molecular serotyping approach will be valuable in examining the relationships between particular virus serotypes or genotypes and specific diseases. C1 CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, MS (reprint author), CDCP, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-460-9 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 1005 BP 23 EP 31 DI 10.1196/annals.1288.004 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BY06K UT WOS:000187496100003 PM 14679037 ER PT J AU Allen, CT Peden-Adams, MM EuDaly, J Keil, DE AF Allen, CT Peden-Adams, MM EuDaly, J Keil, DE TI Subchronic exposure to ellagic acid impairs cytotoxic T-cell function and suppresses humoral immunity in mice SO IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ellagic acid; polyphenol; immunological function ID INDUCED MUTAGENICITY; PLANT POLYPHENOLS; BALB/C MICE; B-CELLS; INHIBITION; RAT; CANCER; DNA; EXPRESSION; PROTECTION AB Ellagic acid (EA) is present in a variety of foods such as grapes, strawberries, raspberries, and nuts. It is a dietary plant phenol that has been shown to inhibit oxidative stress and chemical carcinogenesis. Although several studies have examined the protective mechanisms of dietary EA including the induction of detoxifying enzymes, regulation of cell cycle, chelation of nickel, and prevention of DNA methylation, none have addressed the role of EA in immunological surveillance. This study investigates the status of immune function in B6C3F1 mice exposed continuously to EA in drinking water at 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Although this range of exposure is above the estimated human daily intake (approximate to940 mug/day for 70 kg person or 13.4 mug/kg/day), these levels would not be unreasonable if EA were used as a dietary supplement or as a chemotherapeutic agent. Previous reports have demonstrated the anticarcinogenic effects of EA at levels 10- to 250-fold greater than those applied in this study. Immunological parameters assessed included natural killer (NK) cell activity, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity IgM antibody plaque forming cell (PFC) response, thymus, spleen, kidney, and liver mass, and total cellularity for the thymus and spleen. Subchronic exposure to EA for 28 days in drinking water caused significant suppression of specific IgM antibody responses in the 2.0 mg/kg EA treatment group and suppressed cytotoxic T-cell function in the 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg EA treatment groups. All other immunological parameters were within normal ranges. Kidney and liver mass were not altered after treatment with EA. The results from this study indicate that EA suppressed both IgM antibody responses and CTLs. These observations suggest important implications on human health should EA be prescribed as a chemotherapeutic agent or a preventative dietary supplement for cancer. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Agr & Immunotoxicol Grp, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med Rheumatol & Immunol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Keil, DE (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Agr & Immunotoxicol Grp, 1095 Willowdale Rd,M-S L1119, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0892-3973 J9 IMMUNOPHARM IMMUNOT JI Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 3 BP 409 EP 422 DI 10.1081/IPH-120024508 PG 14 WC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Immunology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 728KG UT WOS:000185715900010 PM 19180803 ER PT J AU Cheng, CM Paddock, CD Ganta, RR AF Cheng, CM Paddock, CD Ganta, RR TI Molecular heterogeneity of Ehrlichia chaffeensis isolates determined by sequence analysis of the 28-kilodalton outer membrane protein genes and other regions of the genome SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MULTIGENE FAMILY; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; FEBRILE ILLNESSES; CANIS; INFECTION; CLONING; DOGS; PATIENT; COWDRIA; AGENT AB Ehrlichia chaffeensis, a tick-transmitted rickettsial agent, is responsible for human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME). In this study, we genetically mapped 10 isolates obtained from HME patients. Sequence analysis of the 28-kDa outer membrane protein (OMP) multigene locus spanning 6 of the 22 tandemly arranged genes identified three distinct genetic groups with shared homology among isolates within each group. Isolates in Groups I and III contained six genes each, while Group II isolates had a gene deletion. There were two regions on the locus where novel gene deletion or insertion mutations occurred, resulting in the net loss of one gene in Group 11 isolates. Numerous nucleotide differences among genes in isolates of each group also were detected. The shared homology among isolates in each group for the 28-kDa OMP locus suggests the derivation of clonal lineages. Transcription and translation analysis of the locus revealed differences in the expressed genes of different group isolates. Analysis of the 120-kDa OMP gene and variable-length PCR target gene showed size variations resulting from loss or gain of long, direct repeats within the protein coding sequences. To our knowledge this is the first study that looked at several regions of the genome simultaneously, and we provide the first evidence of heterogeneity resulting from gene deletion and insertion mutations in the E. chaffeensis genome. Diversity in different genomic regions could be the result of a selection process or of independently evolved genes. C1 Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ganta, RR (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Diagnost Med Pathobiol, 1800 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P20 RR017686, RR017686]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI50785, R21 AI050785] NR 37 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 187 EP 195 DI 10.1128/IAI.71.1.187-195.2003 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 632EZ UT WOS:000180212000023 PM 12496165 ER PT J AU Raybourne, RB Williams, KM Vogt, R Reissman, DB Winterton, BS Rubin, C AF Raybourne, RB Williams, KM Vogt, R Reissman, DB Winterton, BS Rubin, C TI Development and use of an ELISA test to detect IgE antibody to Cry9c following possible exposure to bioengineered corn SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE IgE; Cry9C; allergy; corn ID FOODS; DIGESTION; PROTEIN; PLANTS AB Background: Starlink(TM), a variety of corn genetically engineered to contain the insecticidal protein Cry9c, had not been approved for human consumption because it possessed some characteristics associated with allergenic proteins. However, in the fall of 2000 cry9c DNA was detected in several corn-containing products, suggesting that Starlink corn had entered the human food supply. Subsequently, consumers, following consumption of corn products, reported a number of adverse health events, possibly consistent with allergic reaction. Methods: To investigate the possibility of allergic reactions due to Cry9c in these consumers an ELISA test was developed for the purpose of detecting IgE antibodies to Cry9c and blood samples were taken from a total of 18 people who self-reported allergic reactions. Sera collected prior to the 1996 development of Starlink were used as negative controls. Results: None of the adverse event sera were found to be reactive with recombinant Cry9c antigen, based on comparison with normal controls. Although a known human positive control serum containing IgE specific for Cry9c was not available, other controls were incorporated into the ELISA protocol, including the use of sera from subjects allergic to other allergens and their homologous antigens ( cat, grass, peanut) to validate the IgE detection reagents. Conclusions: While the results do not support the likely occurrence of allergic reactions to Cry9c, such reactions cannot be ruled out, nor can the possibility that sera might react with unique glycosylated epitopes of Cry9c that may be expressed in the corn plant/seed. Copyright (C) 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 US FDA, Immunobiol Branch, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Raybourne, RB (reprint author), US FDA, Immunobiol Branch, 8301 Muirkirk Rd, Laurel, MD 20708 USA. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1018-2438 J9 INT ARCH ALLERGY IMM JI Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. PY 2003 VL 132 IS 4 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1159/000074899 PG 7 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 760CW UT WOS:000187794600004 PM 14707463 ER PT J AU Anand, SS Soni, MG Vaidya, VS Murthy, SN Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM AF Anand, SS Soni, MG Vaidya, VS Murthy, SN Mumtaz, MM Mehendale, HM TI Extent and timeliness of tissue repair determines the dose-related hepatotoxicity of chloroform SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Toxicology CY MAR 19-23, 2000 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Soc Toxicol DE chloroform; hepatotoxicity; Sprague-Dawley rats; tissue repair; toxicokinetics ID CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE HEPATOTOXICITY; LIVER-REGENERATION; THIOACETAMIDE HEPATOTOXICITY; HEPATOCELLULAR REGENERATION; PARTIAL-HEPATECTOMY; LETHALITY; INJURY; CCL4; MICE; AUTOPROTECTION AB As a part of mixture toxicity studies, the objective of the present investigation was to validate the hypothesis that the rate and extent of liver tissue repair response to a given dose determines the end result of toxicity (death or recovery), regardless of the mechanisms by which injury is inflicted, using a well-known environmental pollutant, chloroform (CHCl3). In future, the data will be used to compare with the results of mixtures containing CHCl3 to aid in characterizing the safety of chemical mixtures and to construct a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for dose, route, and species extrapolation. Hepatotoxicity and tissue repair were measured in male Sprague-Dawley rats (S-D) receiving a 10-fold dose range of CHCl3 (74, 185, 370, and 740 mg/kg, IP) during a time course of 0 to 96 hours. Liver injury, as assessed by plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) elevation, increased with dose over the 10-fold dose range. Because CHCl3 is also known to cause kidney damage, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine were measured to evaluate the kidney injury. With doses up to 370 mg/kg, liver injury increased in a dose-related fashion, which peaked at 24 hours and returned to normal after 48 hours, whereas at highest dose (740 mg/kg), the injury was progressive resulting in 90% mortality. Blood and liver CHCl3 levels were quantified using gas chromatography (GC) over a time course of 30 to 360 minutes. The dose-related increase in the blood and liver CHCl3 levels were consistent with dose-dependent liver injury. Tissue regeneration response, as measured by [H-3]-thymidine incorporation into hepatocellular nuclear DNA peaked at 36 hours in rats treated with the lower two doses of CHCl3 (74 and 185 mg/kg). Further increase in CHCl3 dose to 370 mg/kg resulted in an earlier increase in [H-3]-thymidine incorporation at 24 hours, which peaked at 36 hours. However, at the highest dose of CHCl3 (740 mg/kg), tissue repair was delayed and attenuated, allowing for unrestrained progression of liver injury. The kidney injury markers after CHCl3 administration were not different from controls. These results support the concept that in addition to the magnitude of tissue repair response, the time at which this response occurs is critical in restraining the progression of injury. Measuring tissue repair and injury as simultaneous biological responses to toxic agents might increase the usefulness of dose-response paradigms in predictive toxicology and risk assessment. Although the dosimetry of the present study was well beyond the environmental exposure levels of CHCl3, a PBPK model will be developed in future based upon these data to evaluate the effects at environmental levels. C1 Univ Louisiana, Dept Toxicol, Coll Pharm, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mehendale, HM (reprint author), Univ Louisiana, Dept Toxicol, Coll Pharm, 700 Univ Ave,Sugar Hall 306, Monroe, LA 71209 USA. NR 45 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1091-5818 J9 INT J TOXICOL JI Int. J. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1080/10915810390181472 PG 9 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 642ZN UT WOS:000180837500004 PM 12573946 ER PT J AU Yanai, H Limpakarnjanarat, K Uthaivoravit, W Mastro, TD Mori, T Tappero, JW AF Yanai, H Limpakarnjanarat, K Uthaivoravit, W Mastro, TD Mori, T Tappero, JW TI Risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease among health care workers, Chiang Rai, Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; health care workers; tuberculin skin testing; longitudinal study; Thailand ID MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION AB SETTING: A provincial referral hospital in northern Thailand, where a cross-sectional study during 19951996 reported on the occupational risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission. OBJECTIVE: To describe the effectiveness of prevention strategies for nosocomial tuberculosis (TB). DESIGN: A prospective study among health care workers (HCW) including annual tuberculin skin test (TST) screening and active TB surveillance. Following a comprehensive risk assessment, preventive interventions were implemented targeting HCWs, hospitalised patients, and the hospital environment. RESULTS: The number of pulmonary TB cases diagnosed increased steadily from 102 in 1990 to 356 in 1999. The TST conversion rate was 9.3 (95%CI 3.3-15) per 100 person-years (py) in 1995-1997, but declined steadily to 2.2 (95%CI 0.0-5.1) in 1999. HCWs first screened within 12 months of employment had higher TST conversion rates (adjusted RR = 9.5, 95 %CI 1.8-49.5) compared to those employed for longer than 12 months. The annual rate of active TB per 100000 HCWs was 536 in 1995-1999. CONCLUSION: These HCWs were exposed to active TB patients and were at risk for M. tuberculosis infection, particularly during their first 12 months of employment. Implementation of nosocomial TB control measures in 1996 was followed by declining TST conversion rates, despite increasing exposure to active TB patients. C1 RIT, JATA, TB HIV Res Project, Chiang Rai 57000, Thailand. Res Inst TB, Tokyo, Japan. Thai MOPH US, CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yanai, H (reprint author), RIT, JATA, TB HIV Res Project, 1050 Satarn Payabarn Rd, Chiang Rai 57000, Thailand. NR 25 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 7 IS 1 BP 36 EP 45 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 647MN UT WOS:000181096800007 PM 12701833 ER PT J AU Uthaivoravit, W Yanai, H Tappero, JW Limpakarnjanarat, K Srismith, R Mastro, TD Mori, T AF Uthaivoravit, W Yanai, H Tappero, JW Limpakarnjanarat, K Srismith, R Mastro, TD Mori, T TI Impact of enhanced notification of tuberculosis laboratory results to minimise treatment delay, Chiang Rai Hospital, Northern Thailand SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; nosocomial TB; Thailand ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AB SETTING: A provincial referral hospital in northern Thailand, where a cross-sectional study from 19951996 reported on the occupational risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of acid-fast bacilli sputum smear-positive results notification to improve tuberculosis (TB) services by documenting the location of sputum collection, completing the TB register immediately, and minimising delays between hospital admission and treatment initiation. DESIGN: The cohort of smear-positive TB patients identified through laboratory microscopy record reviews from 1994-1999. Time from admission to hospital, laboratory diagnosis of TB, registration for treatment, and initiation of therapy were determined during the implementation of enhancing the laboratory results notification system. RESULTS: The number of unregistered TB patients fell from 44 cases in 1994 to none in 1999. The time elapsed from admission to treatment initiation decreased from a mean of 5.6 days in 1997 (n = 162) to 3.1 days in 1999 (n = 136) (P < 0.001). This decrease was attributed to a reduction in time between laboratory diagnosis and treatment from 2.7 days in 1997 to 0.6 days in 1999 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Prompt identification, isolation and treatment of TB patients occurred through an enhanced laboratory notification system. Such systems are inexpensive, improve TB care services and may reduce nosocomial transmission of M. tuberculosis. C1 RIT, JATA, TB HIV Res Project, Chiang Rai 57000, Thailand. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Res Inst TB, Tokyo, Japan. Thailand MOPH US, CDC Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yanai, H (reprint author), RIT, JATA, TB HIV Res Project, 1050 Satarn Payabarn Rd, Chiang Rai 57000, Thailand. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 7 IS 1 BP 46 EP 51 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 647MN UT WOS:000181096800008 PM 12701834 ER PT J AU Talbot, EA Kenyon, TA Mwasekaga, MJ Moeti, TL Mallon, V Binkin, NJ AF Talbot, EA Kenyon, TA Mwasekaga, MJ Moeti, TL Mallon, V Binkin, NJ TI Control of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Botswana SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; drug resistance; Botswana AB SETTING: Botswana, where in 2000 the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among adults was 38%, and the tuberculosis (TB) rate was 591/100000. A 1995-1996 survey demonstrated low levels of anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. OBJECTIVE: Because TB drug resistance may increase rapidly in HIV infected populations, a second survey was undertaken in 1999 to determine any increase in anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. DESIGN : Sputum specimens positive for acid-fast bacilli from patients without prior TB treatment (new patients), and all sputum specimens from patients reporting prior TB treatment (retreatment patients) were collected nationwide. Specimens were cultured for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and tested for resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin. RESULTS: From January to May 1999, 783 patients were consecutively enrolled from all districts. Of these, 483 (61.7%) were male, the median age was 33 years, and 82% were new patients. Drug resistance occurred in 6.3% of new patients (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.6-8.6) and 22.8% of retreatment patients (95%CI 16.5-30.1). Resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin was found in 0.5% of new (95%CI 0.1-1.3) and 9.0% of retreatment patients (95%CI 5.1-14.5). CONCLUSION: Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance remains relatively low in Botswana, probably as a result of a well-functioning TB program. Periodic surveys will be essential to adequately determine any significant trend. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Dept State, Washington, DC 20521 USA. CDC, BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Minist Hlth, Natl TB Reference Lab, Gaborone, Botswana. Minist Hlth, Natl TB Program, Gaborone, Botswana. RP Talbot, EA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Dept State, 2170 Gaborone Pl, Washington, DC 20521 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 7 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 647MN UT WOS:000181096800012 PM 12701838 ER PT B AU DeMarcus, T AF DeMarcus, T GP NRC TI Nonhuman primate importation and quarantine: United States, 1981-2001 SO INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES: THE FUTURE OF NONHUMAN PRIMATE RESOURCES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Future of Nonhuman Primate Resources CY APR 17-19, 2002 CL Washington, DC SP Inst Lab Anim Res C1 US Dept Human, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. RP DeMarcus, T (reprint author), US Dept Human, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08945-X PY 2003 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Microbiology; Zoology SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Microbiology; Zoology GA BBO05 UT WOS:000226538400020 ER PT J AU Lichtenstein, KA Delaney, KM Armon, C Ward, DJ Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD AF Lichtenstein, KA Delaney, KM Armon, C Ward, DJ Moorman, AC Wood, KC Holmberg, SD CA HIV Outpatient Study Investigators TI Incidence of and risk factors for lipoatrophy (abnormal fat loss) in ambulatory HIV-1-infected patients SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE lipoatrophy; lipodystrophy; antiretroviral agent ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL-THERAPY; MITOCHONDRIAL TOXICITY; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES; LIPODYSTROPHY; STAVUDINE; COHORT AB To identify clinical factors associated with the incidence of HIV-1-associated lipoatrophy, HIV-1-infected patients in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) were prospectively evaluated for clinical signs of lipoatrophy at two visits about 21 months apart. Development of lipoatrophy was analyzed in stratified and multivariate analyses for its relationship to immunologic, virologic, clinical, and drug treatment information for each patient. Of 337 patients with no lipoatrophy at Survey 1, 44 (13.1%) developed moderate or severe lipoatrophy between the two surveys. In multivariate analyses, significant risk factors for incident lipoatrophy were white race (OR = 5.2; 95% CI: 1.9-17.1; p =.003), CD4 T-lymphocyte count at Survey 2 less than 100 cells/mm(3) (OR = 4.2; 95% CI: 1.3-13.1; p =.013), and body mass index (BMI) less than 24 kg/m(2) (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.4; p =.024). Analyses that controlled for the severity of HIV illness demonstrated no significant association with use of or time on any antiretroviral agent or class of agents and the development of lipoatrophy. Some host factors and factors associated with previous or current severity of HIV infection, especially CD4 T-lymphocyte cell count, appeared to have the strongest association with incidence of lipoatrophy. C1 Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Rose Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Dupont Circle Physicians Grp, Washington, DC USA. Cerner Corp, Mclean, VA USA. RP Lichtenstein, KA (reprint author), Denver Infect Consultants, 4545 E 9th Ave,Suite 120, Denver, CO 80220 USA. NR 36 TC 148 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS JI JAIDS PD JAN PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 48 EP 56 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 635PH UT WOS:000180407600007 PM 12514413 ER PT J AU Selik, RM Anderson, RN McKenna, MT Rosenberg, HM AF Selik, RM Anderson, RN McKenna, MT Rosenberg, HM TI Increase in deaths caused by HIV infection due to changes in rules for selecting underlying cause of death SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV infections; mortality; death certificates; causes of death ID UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; EPIDEMIC AB With implementation of the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10), for U.S. vital statistics in 1999, the criteria for selecting HIV infection as the underlying cause of death were expanded. To estimate the effect of ICD-10 rules on the number of deaths attributed to HIV infection, we applied a simplified version of ICD-10 rules to data on causes of death from all U.S. death certificates for 1998 (previously classified by rules of the 9th revision of ICD [ICD-9]) and calculated the resulting increase in deaths for which HIV infection was selected as the underlying cause. Of the 17,186 deaths in 1998 with any mention of HIV infection on the death certificate, ICD-10 rules selected HIV infection as the underlying cause for 15,145, which was 1,719 (13%) more than the 13,426 for which it had been selected by ICD-9 rules. The proportional increase differed by demographic group, being less among non-Hispanic blacks (9%) and Hispanics (13%) than among non-Hispanic whites (18%). Thus, comparison of deaths attributed to HIV infection in 1999 or later with those in 1998 or earlier should take into account the changes in ICD rules for selecting the underlying cause of death. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Selik, RM (reprint author), CDC, Off Commun, NCHSTP, MS E-07,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS JI JAIDS PD JAN PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 62 EP 69 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 635PH UT WOS:000180407600009 PM 12514415 ER EF