FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Blumberg, SJ Dickey, WC AF Blumberg, SJ Dickey, WC TI Prevalence of HIV risk behaviors, risk perceptions, and testing among US adults with mental disorders SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV risk behavior; HIV testing; population-based health surveys; mental disorders; epidemiology; risk factors ID INFECTION; AIDS; ILLNESS; ILL AB Persons with mental disorders may lack the knowledge, skills, and social networks that help limit the spread of HIV by reducing risk behaviors. Nationally representative data from the 1999 U.S. National Health Interview Survey were used to estimate the prevalence of HIV risk behaviors among civilian noninstitutionalized adults with and without at least one of three psychiatric conditions (depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and panic attacks) in the previous 12 months. Relative to adults without these mental disorders, adults with a mental disorder (8.8% of adults nationally) were more likely to have engaged in HIV risk behaviors since 1980 (5.5% vs. 1.6%). Adults with a mental disorder were also more likely to report a high or medium chance of becoming infected, were more likely to have been tested for HIV infection, and were more likely to expect to be tested within the next 12 months. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Blumberg, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 850, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS JI JAIDS PD JAN PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 77 EP 79 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 635PH UT WOS:000180407600011 PM 12514417 ER PT J AU McGhee, HW AF McGhee, HW CA Fed Inst Drugs Med Devices Bonn Ge TI Hepatic toxicity possibly associated with kava-containing products - United States, Germany, and Switzerland, 1999-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1065-1067, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Fed Inst Drugs & Med Devices, Bonn, Germany. Univ Pittsburgh, Childrens Hosp Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div Environmental Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McGhee, HW (reprint author), Fed Inst Drugs & Med Devices, Bonn, Germany. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 1 BP 36 EP 37 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 630XL UT WOS:000180136600009 ER PT J AU Wright, J Postema, A Brammer, L Harper, S Uyeki, T Murray, E Bridges, C Fukuda, K Cox, N AF Wright, J Postema, A Brammer, L Harper, S Uyeki, T Murray, E Bridges, C Fukuda, K Cox, N TI Update: Influenza activity - United States, 2002-03 season (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1095-1096, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wright, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 1 BP 37 EP 39 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 630XL UT WOS:000180136600010 ER PT J AU Armstrong, LR Hall, HI Wingo, PA Kassim, S AF Armstrong, LR Hall, HI Wingo, PA Kassim, S TI Invasive cervical cancer among Hispanic,and non-Hispanic women - United States, 1992-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1067-1070, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Armstrong, LR (reprint author), CDC, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 1 BP 39 EP 40 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 630XL UT WOS:000180136600011 ER PT J AU Yeargin-Allsopp, M Rice, C Karapurkar, T Doernberg, N Boyle, C Murphy, C AF Yeargin-Allsopp, M Rice, C Karapurkar, T Doernberg, N Boyle, C Murphy, C TI Prevalence of autism in a US metropolitan area SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION AB Context Concern has been raised about possible increases in the prevalence of autism. However, few population-based studies have been conducted in the United States. Objectives To determine the prevalence of autism among children in a major US metropolitan area and to describe characteristics of the study population. Design, Setting, and Population Study of the prevalence of autism among children aged 3 to 10 years in the 5 counties of metropolitan Atlanta, Ga, in 1996. Cases were identified through screening and abstracting records at multiple medical and educational sources, with case status determined by expert review. Main Outcome. Measures Autism prevalence by demographic factors, levels of cognitive functioning, previous autism diagnoses, special education eligibility categories, and sources of identification. Results A total of 987 children displayed behaviors consistent with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria for autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified, or Asperger disorder. The prevalence for autism was 3.4 per 1000 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2-3.6) (male-female ratio,.4:1). Overall, the prevalence was comparable for black and white children (black, 3.4 per 1000 [95% CI, 3.0-3.7] and white, 3.4 per 1000 [95% CI, 3.2-3.7]). Sixty-eight percent of children with IQ or developmental test results (N = 880) had cognitive impairment. As severity of cognitive impairment increased from mild to profound, the male-female ratio decreased from 4.4 to 1.3. Forty percent of children with autism were identified only at educational sources. Schools were the most important source for information on black children, children of younger mothers, and children of mothers with less than 12 years of education. Conclusion The rate of autism found in this study was higher than the rates from studies conducted in the United States during the 1980s and early 1990s, but it was consistent with those of more recent studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Battelle Mem Inst, Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yeargin-Allsopp, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Rice, Catherine/D-6305-2016 NR 56 TC 603 Z9 628 U1 16 U2 70 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 1 BP 49 EP 55 DI 10.1001/jama.289.1.49 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 630XL UT WOS:000180136600025 PM 12503976 ER PT J AU Naimi, TS Brewer, RD Mokdad, A Denny, C Serdula, MK Marks, JS AF Naimi, TS Brewer, RD Mokdad, A Denny, C Serdula, MK Marks, JS TI Binge drinking among US adults SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID MOTOR-VEHICLE FATALITIES; REPORTED ALCOHOL-USE; UNITED-STATES; CONSUMPTION; ENFORCEMENT; PREGNANCY; BEHAVIORS; SALES AB Context Binge drinking (consuming greater than or equal to5 alcoholic drinks on 1 occasion) generally results in acute impairment and has numerous adverse health consequences. Reports indicate that binge drinking may be increasing in the United States. Objectives To quantify episodes of binge drinking among US adults in 1993-2001, to characterize adults who engage in binge drinking, and to describe state and regional differences in binge drinking. Design, Setting, and Participants The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit telephone survey of adults aged 18 years or older that is conducted annually in all states. The sample size ranged from 102263 in 1993 to 212 510 in 2001. Main Outcome Measures Binge-drinking prevalence, episodes, and episodes per person per year. Results Between 1993 and 2001, the total number of binge-drinking episodes among US adults increased from approximately 1.2 billion to 1.5 billion; during this time, binge-drinking episodes per person per year increased by 17% (from 6.3 to 7.4, P for trend = .03). Between 1995 and 2001, binge-drinking episodes per person per year increased by 35% (P for trend = .005). Men accounted for 81% of binge-drinking episodes in the study years. Although rates of binge-drinking episodes were highest among those aged 18 to 25 years, 69% of binge-drinking episodes during the study period occurred among those aged 26 years or older. Overall, 47% of binge-drinking episodes occurred among otherwise moderate (ie, non-heavy) drinkers, and 73% of all binge drinkers were moderate drinkers. Binge drinkers were 14 times more likely to drive while impaired by alcohol compared with non-binge drinkers. There were substantial state and regional differences in per capita binge-drinking episodes. Conclusions Binge drinking is common among most strata of US adults, including among those aged 26 years or older. Per capita binge-drinking episodes have increased, particularly since 1995. Binge drinking is strongly associated with alcohol-impaired driving. Effective interventions to prevent the mortality and morbidity associated with binge drinking should be widely adopted, including screening patients for alcohol abuse in accordance with national guidelines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alcohol Team, Analyt Methods Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Surveillance Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chron Dis Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alcohol Team, Emerging Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Naimi, TS (reprint author), CDC, Alcohol Team, MS K-67,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 53 TC 512 Z9 528 U1 7 U2 56 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 1 BP 70 EP 75 DI 10.1001/jama.289.1.70 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 630XL UT WOS:000180136600028 PM 12503979 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH Ford, ES Bowman, BA Dietz, WH Vinicor, F Bales, VS Marks, JS AF Mokdad, AH Ford, ES Bowman, BA Dietz, WH Vinicor, F Bales, VS Marks, JS TI Prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and obesity-related health risk factors, 2001 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; UNITED-STATES; US ADULTS; WEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT; HEIGHT AB Context Obesity and diabetes are increasing in the United States. Objective To estimate the prevalence of obesity and diabetes among US adults in 2001. Design, Setting, and Participants Random-digit telephone survey of 195 005 adults aged 18 years or older residing in all states participating in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System in 2001. Main Outcome Measures Body mass index,based on self-reported weight and height and self-reported diabetes., Results In 2001 the prevalence of obesity (BMI greater than or equal to30) was 20.9% vs 19.8% in 2000, an increase of 5.6%. The prevalence of diabetes increased to 7.9% vs 7.3% in 2000, an increase of 8.2%. The prevalence of BMI of 40 or higher in 2001 was 2.3%. Overweight and obesity were significantly associated with diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, asthma, arthritis, and poor health status. Compared with adults with normal weight, adults with a BMI of 40 or higher had an odds ratio (OR) of 7.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.39-8.50) for diagnosed diabetes, 6.38 (95% Cl, 5.67-7.17) for high blood pressure, 1.88 (95% CI,1.67-2.13) for high cholesterol levels, 2.72 (95% CI, 2.38-3.12) for asthma, 4.41 (95% CI, 3.91-4.97),for arthritis, and 4.19 (95% CI, 3.68-4.76) for fair or poor health. Conclusions Increases in obesity and diabetes among US adults continue in both sexes, all ages, all races, all educational levels, and all smoking levels. Obesity is strongly associated with several major health risk factors. C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 2351 Z9 2406 U1 31 U2 186 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 289 IS 1 BP 76 EP 79 DI 10.1001/jama.289.1.76 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 630XL UT WOS:000180136600029 PM 12503980 ER PT J AU Ren, JM Rybak, ME Salin, ED AF Ren, JM Rybak, ME Salin, ED TI Elimination of arcing in induction heating-electrothermal vaporization (IH-ETV) for sample introduction into inductively coupled plasmas SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; FURNACE VAPORIZATION; MASS SPECTROMETRY; LASER-ABLATION; FREON MODIFICATION; HEATED VAPORIZER AB Induction heating-electrothermal vaporization has been investigated for sample introduction to an inductively coupled plasma. Unfortunately, arcing takes place between a graphite sample cup and the surrounding glass chamber that is part of the set-up. This paper describes a method for the elimination of arcing. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Salin, ED (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Chem, 801 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RI Rybak, Michael/T-1026-2016 OI Rybak, Michael/0000-0003-1650-8581 NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 5 BP 485 EP 486 DI 10.1039/b212593p PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 673FE UT WOS:000182568900009 ER PT J AU Ting, BG Pappas, RS Paschal, DC AF Ting, BG Pappas, RS Paschal, DC TI Rapid analysis for plutonium-239 in urine by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry using Aridus desolvation introduction system SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLUTONIUM; BIOASSAY; URANIUM; THORIUM AB Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a useful method for assessing environmental or occupational exposure to thorium, uranium, plutonium, and other actinides. In this study, we investigated method parameters for practical balance between sample preparation time, volume, and sufficient sensitivity (limit of detection 47 fg per 10 mL urine) for reasonable exposure assessment of the maximum number of samples in the minimum possible turnaround time for unintentional exposures or emergency response situations using magnetic sector desolvation-ICP-MS. The method accuracy for urinary Pu-239 determination was within 2% of target at 100 pg L-1 (p>0.9995) and 7.7 pg L-1 (p>0.9995), whereas our data was 16% disparate to target at approximately 45 pg L-1 (p<0.0005) and 41% at approximately 37 pg L-1 (p>0.0005) concentrations for data obtained from the determination of Pu-239 in internally prepared urine pools and in pools characterized by an external agency. Precisions based on relative standard deviations ranged from 8% at 100 pg L-1 to 39% at 7.6 pg L-1 Pu-239. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ting, BG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS F18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 7 BP 795 EP 797 DI 10.1039/b301474f PG 3 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 696YK UT WOS:000183915000019 ER PT J AU Pappas, RS Ting, BG Paschal, DC AF Pappas, RS Ting, BG Paschal, DC TI A practical approach to determination of low concentration uranium isotope ratios in small volumes of urine SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ICP-MS; PERFORMANCE; THORIUM AB Thermal ionization-mass spectrometry (TIMS) has long been the benchmark technique for determining uranium isotope ratios. Instrumentation improvements and application optimizations on inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instruments have enabled acquisition of data approaching the accuracy and precision obtained using TIMS. However, problems remain for urine uranium ICP-MS isotope ratio analyses at low concentrations. Microwave digestion of urine to eliminate organic interferences, solid phase chelation extraction of actinides from the matrix, use of a desolvating introduction system, and gas flow optimizations to minimize mass fractionation were employed to develop a magnetic sector ICP-MS method sensitive enough to accurately measure urine uranium isotope ratios at concentrations below 10 ng L-1 in 2 mL urine with little or no correction. This method was used to determine isotope ratios for internally and externally prepared natural and depleted uranium-spiked urine. Ratio accuracy obtained from triplicate digestions, preparations, and analyses were within 1% of expected values characterized or calculated from sources over concentrations ranging from 5 to 500 ng L-1 total uranium. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pappas, RS (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2003 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1289 EP 1292 DI 10.1039/b305515a PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 727DE UT WOS:000185640600020 ER PT J AU Lemire, SW Ashley, DL Calafat, AM AF Lemire, SW Ashley, DL Calafat, AM TI Quantitative determination of the hydrolysis products of nitrogen mustards in human urine by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; SULFUR MUSTARD; PHOSPHORAMIDE MUSTARD; WARFARE AGENTS; IN-VITRO; DNA; EXPOSURE; PLASMA; IDENTIFICATION; DERIVATIZATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lemire, SW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Ruford Highway NE,MS-F47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 27 IS 1 BP 1 EP 6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 637JL UT WOS:000180507900001 PM 12587675 ER PT J AU Fries, I Slemenda, SB da Silva, A Pieniazek, NJ AF Fries, I Slemenda, SB da Silva, A Pieniazek, NJ TI African honey bees (Apis mellifera scutellata) and nosema (Nosema apis) infections SO JOURNAL OF APICULTURAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Apis mellifera scutellata; Nosema apis; diseases of bees; tropical climates; seasonal prevalence; development; molecular characterization; genes; Africa ID VENTRICULUS AB Nosema apis has been found on all continents where there is beekeeping using Apis mellifera. However, there are few data on the prevalence and impact of Nosema apis in honey bee colonies in tropical climates and it may be uncertain if all records of microsporidia in honey bees actually are records of the same parasite. Also, the development of N. apis has not been documented in tropical races of honey bees. We sampled honey bees from five different colonies in two apiaries on a weekly basis for a full year in Zimbabwe and investigated the samples for N. apis. The development of the parasite was monitored by infection experiments. The gene sequence of the 16S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene of a Zimbabwean isolate of microsporidia from honey bees was sequenced and compared to sequences for N. apis registered in GenBank. The molecular results demonstrate that the Zimbabwean isolates of microsporidia are N. apis. Sampling results show that N. apis may occur at high levels of prevalence at colony level under tropical conditions and develop similar to European records in individual bees. Thus, the investigated parasite probably carries no further risks to beekeeping if transported with live bees between different regions. C1 Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Entomol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. CDCP, US Dept HHS, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fries, I (reprint author), Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Entomol, Box 7044, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT BEE RESEARCH ASSOC PI CARDIFF PA JOURNALS LIBRARIAN, 18 NORTH RD, CARDIFF CF1 3DY, WALES SN 0021-8839 J9 J APICULT RES JI J. Apic. Res. PY 2003 VL 42 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 15 PG 3 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 689HZ UT WOS:000183486700004 ER PT J AU Boss, LP Wheeler, LSM Williams, PV Bartholomew, LK Taggart, VS Redd, SC AF Boss, LP Wheeler, LSM Williams, PV Bartholomew, LK Taggart, VS Redd, SC TI Population-based screening or case detection for asthma: Are we ready? SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; GUIDELINES; EXERCISE; SYMPTOMS; CARE AB Asthma is a prevalent health problem for which there are effective treatments. By identifying people with asthma and treating them effectively, the burden of asthma in the United States should be reduced. Detecting people with asthma through screening programs seems a logical approach to the problem. This article assesses our readiness for population-based screening and case detection programs for asthma and examines these activities in relation to World Health Organization criteria for determining the appropriateness of screening programs. Given that, at this time, a number of the criteria have not been met, we conclude that population-based approaches to screening and case detection of asthma are of unproven benefit and need further research. A more appropriate focus may be to ensure that all people who are diagnosed with asthma receive appropriate medical care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Anne Arundel Cty Dept Hlth, Annapolis, MD USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX USA. NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Boss, LP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Williams, Paul/0000-0003-3300-1328 NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2003 VL 40 IS 4 BP 335 EP 342 DI 10.1081/JAS-120018627 PG 8 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 701MX UT WOS:000184172300001 PM 12870828 ER PT J AU Villarreal, AB Aguirre, LHS Rojo, MMT Navarro, ML Romieu, I AF Villarreal, AB Aguirre, LHS Rojo, MMT Navarro, ML Romieu, I TI Risk factors for asthma in school children from Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE risk factors; asthma; wheezing; rhinitis; ISAAC; Juarez; Mexico ID CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; MATERNAL SMOKING; PARENTAL SMOKING; ATOPIC DISEASES; LUNG-FUNCTION; PREVALENCE; ALLERGIES; SYMPTOMS; ISAAC; POLLUTION AB Asthma and allergic rhinitis were analyzed in a random sample of school children (n = 6174) residing in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood methodology was applied through a standardized questionnaire. The sample was obtained with a bietapic design. Cumulative prevalence of asthma and wheezing was 6.8% (95% CI 6.2, 7.4) and 20% (95% of CI 19.7, 21.8) respectively; the prevalence of rhinitis was 5.0% (95% CI 4.5, 5.6). Family history of asthma odds ratio (OR) 2.33 (95% CI 1.78-3.05), respiratory infection after birth (OR) 3.44 (95% CI 2.76-4.29), and exposure to environmental tobacco (OR) 1.35 (95% CI 1.06-1.68) were the strongest risk factors for asthma and allergic rhinitis. The multifactorial etiology of asthma and allergic rhinitis was confirmed, as well as the importance of early exposure to environmental factors. C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Univ Autonoma Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Panamerican Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. RP Villarreal, AB (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Av Univ 655,Col Sta Ma Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 3 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2003 VL 40 IS 4 BP 413 EP 423 DI 10.1081/JAS-120018711 PG 11 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 701MX UT WOS:000184172300010 ER PT J AU Ford, ES AF Ford, ES TI Asthma, body mass index, and C-reactive protein among US adults SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Review ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; BRONCHIAL EPITHELIAL-CELLS; TNF-ALPHA; UNITED-STATES; WEIGHT-LOSS; MEDICAL RECORDS; MORBID-OBESITY; EXPRESSION; CYTOKINES; IL-1-BETA AB Obesity, a state that may be characterized by a low-grade inflammation, has been associated with asthma. C-reactive protein, an acute phase reactant, is elevated in obese people. However, little is known about how asthma affects C-reactive protein concentrations. Using data from 14,224 participants of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), the author examined C-reactive protein concentrations among participants with current asthma (n = 651), who formerly had asthma (n = 303), and who never had asthma (n = 13,270). Compared with 21% of participants with current asthma, 11% with former asthma (P < .001) and 15% without asthma (P = .018) had C-reactive protein concentrations &GE;85th percentile of the sex-specific distribution. Compared with participants without asthma, the age-adjusted odds ratios for having an elevated C-reactive protein concentration was 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11, 2.00) for persons with current asthma. After adjusting for age, sex, race or ethnicity, years of education, cotinine concentration, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, physical activity level, aspirin use, oral corticosteroid use, and inhaled corticosteroid use, the odds ratio decreased to 1.15 (95% CI: 0.83, 1.59). Body mass index was the main reason for the attenuation of the odds ratio. Whether the inflammatory activity associated with body mass index contributes to the pathophysiology of asthma is unknown. C1 CDCP, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), CDCP, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 44 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2003 VL 40 IS 7 BP 733 EP 739 DI 10.1081/JAS-120023497 PG 7 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 741YM UT WOS:000186488000001 PM 14626329 ER PT J AU Cui, L Ma, XX Sato, K Okuma, K Tenover, FC Mamizuka, EM Gemmell, CG Kim, MN Ploy, MC El Solh, N Ferraz, V Hiramatsu, K AF Cui, L Ma, XX Sato, K Okuma, K Tenover, FC Mamizuka, EM Gemmell, CG Kim, MN Ploy, MC El Solh, N Ferraz, V Hiramatsu, K TI Cell wall thickening is a common feature of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; INTERMEDIATE; STRAIN; MU50; PEPTIDOGLYCAN; HOSPITALS; PATIENT; OCCURS; MU3 AB We have previously shown that a thickened cell wall is responsible for the vancomycin resistance of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) (equivalent to vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus and glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus) strain Mu50 (L. Cui, H. Murakami, K. Kuwahara-Arai, H. Hanaki, and, K. Hiramatsu, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44:2276-2285, 2000). However, the mechanism of vancomycin resistance in other VRSA strains remained unclear. In this study, 16 clinical VRSA strains from seven countries were subjected to serial daily passage in drug-free medium. After 10 to 84 days of passage in the nonselective medium, passage-derived strains with decreased MICs of vancomycin (MIC, <4 mg/liter) were obtained. However, all of the passage-derived strains except one (15 of 16) still possessed subpopulations that were resistant to vancomycin as judged by population analysis, and vancomycin-resistant mutant strains were selected from the passage-derived strains by one-step vancomycin selection with a frequency of 4.25 X 10(-6) to 1.64 X 10(-3). The data indicated that vancomycin-resistant cells are frequently generated from the passage-derived strains even after vancomycin selective pressure is lifted. Cell wall thicknesses and MICs of glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanin) and beta-lactams (imipenem and oxacillin) were determined for a total of 48 strains, including 15 sets of three strains: the clinical VRSA strain, the passage-derived strain, and the vancomycin-resistant mutant strain obtained from the passage-derived strain. No simple correlation between glycopeptide and beta-lactam MICs was seen, while significant correlations between MICs of vancomycin and teicoplanin (r = 0.679; P < 0.001) and between MICs of imipenem and oxacillin (r = 0.787; P < 0.001) were recognized. Moreover, all of the VRSA strains had significantly thickened cell walls, which became thinner with the loss of vancomycin resistance during drug-free passages and again became thick in the resistant mutant strains. The data showed that cell wall thickness had high correlation with the MICs of the two glycopeptides (correlation coefficients, 0.908 for vancomycin and 0.655 for teicoplanin) but not with those of the beta-lactam antibiotics tested. These results together with coupled changes of cell wall thickness and vancomycin MICs in 16 isogenic sets of strains indicate that thickening of the cell wall is a common phenotype of clinical VRSA strains and may be a phenotypic determinant for vancomycin resistance in S. aureus. C1 Juntendo Univ, Fac Med, Dept Bacteriol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138421, Japan. Juntendo Univ, Fac Med, Ctr Electron Microscopy, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138421, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirm, Sch Med, Dept Bacteriol, Glasgow G31 2ER, Lanark, Scotland. Univ Ulsan, Coll Med, Dept Clin Pathol, Seoul, South Korea. Asan Med Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. CHU Dupuytren, Dept Bacteriol, F-87042 Limoges, France. Inst Pasteur, French Natl Reference Ctr Staphylococci, Unite Staphylocoques, F-75724 Paris 15, France. S African Inst Med Res, Dept Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Hiramatsu, K (reprint author), Juntendo Univ, Fac Med, Dept Bacteriol, Bunkyo Ku, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138421, Japan. RI Ploy, Marie-Cecile/O-7501-2016 NR 35 TC 236 Z9 254 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 5 EP 14 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.5-14.2003 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700002 PM 12517819 ER PT J AU Bopp, DJ Sauders, BD Waring, AL Ackelsberg, J Dumas, N Braun-Howland, E Dziewulski, D Wallace, BJ Kelly, M Halse, T Musser, KA Smith, PF Morse, DL Limberger, RJ AF Bopp, DJ Sauders, BD Waring, AL Ackelsberg, J Dumas, N Braun-Howland, E Dziewulski, D Wallace, BJ Kelly, M Halse, T Musser, KA Smith, PF Morse, DL Limberger, RJ TI Detection, isolation, and molecular subtyping of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 and Campylobacter jejuni associated with a large waterborne outbreak SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; FOOD SAMPLES; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; ENVIRONMENTAL WATER; CLONAL TURNOVER; MULTIPLEX PCR; UNITED-STATES; APPLE CIDER AB The largest reported outbreak of waterborne Escherichia coli O157:117 in the United States occurred in upstate New York following a county fair in August 1999. Culture methods were used to isolate E. coli O157:H7 from specimens from 128 of 775 patients with suspected infections. Campylobacter jejuni was also isolated from stools of 44 persons who developed diarrheal illness after attending this fair. There was one case of a confirmed coinfection with E. coli O157:H7 and C. jejuni. Molecular detection of stx(1) and stx(2) Shiga toxin genes, immunomagnetic separation (IMS), and selective culture enrichment were utilized to detect and isolate E. coli O157:H7 from an unchlorinated well and its distribution points, a dry well, and a nearby septic tank. PCR for stx(1) and stx(2) was shown to provide a useful screen for toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7, and IMS subculture improved recovery. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to compare patient and environmental E. coli O157:H7 isolates. Among patient isolates, 117 of 128 (91.5%) were type 1 or 1a (three or fewer bands different). Among the water distribution system isolates, 13 of 19 (68%) were type 1 or 1a. Additionally, PFGE of C jejuni isolates revealed that 29 of 35 (83%) had indistinguishable PFGE patterns. The PFGE results implicated the water distribution system as the main source of the E. coli O157:H7 outbreak. This investigation demonstrates the potential for outbreaks involving more than one pathogen and the importance of analyzing isolates from multiple patients and environmental samples to develop a better understanding of bacterial transmission during an outbreak. C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, David Axelrod Inst Publ Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Community Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Ctr Environm Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Limberger, RJ (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, David Axelrod Inst Publ Hlth, POB 22002,120 New Scotland Ave, Albany, NY 12201 USA. NR 56 TC 75 Z9 82 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 174 EP 180 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.174-180.2003 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700027 PM 12517844 ER PT J AU Steward, CD Mohammed, JM Swenson, JM Stocker, SA Williams, PP Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF Steward, CD Mohammed, JM Swenson, JM Stocker, SA Williams, PP Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE Tenover, FC TI Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of carbapenems: Multicenter validity testing and accuracy levels of five antimicrobial test methods for detecting resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ANTIBIOTIC SUSCEPTIBILITY; SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMS; IMIPENEM-RESISTANT; FALSE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; STABILITY; SYSTEM; TEMPERATURE; KLEBSIELLA; MEROPENEM AB From January 1996 to May 1999, Project ICARE (intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology) received 448 nonduplicate clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that were reported to be imipenem intermediate or resistant. However, broth microditution (BMD) confirmatory testing at the Project ICARE central laboratory confirmed this result in only 11 of 123 (8.9%) Enterobacteriaceae isolates and 241 of 325 (74.2%) P. aeruginosa isolates. To investigate this overdetection of imipenem resistance, we tested 204 selected isolates from the Project ICARE collection plus five imipenem-resistant challenge strains at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention against imipenem and meropenem by agar dilution, disk diffusion, Etest (AB BIODISK North America, Inc., Piscataway, N.J.), two MicroScan WalkAway conventional panels (Neg MIC Plus 3 and Neg Urine Combo 3) (Dade MicroScan, Inc., West Sacramento, Calif.), and two Vitek cards (GNS-116 containing meropenem and GNS-F7 containing imipenem) (bioMerieux Vitek, Inc., Durham, N.C.). The results of each test method were compared to the results of BMD testing using in-house-prepared panels. Seven imipenem-resistant and five meropenem-resistant isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and 43 imipenem-resistant and 21 meropenem-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa were identified by BMD. For Enterobacteriaceae, the imipenem and meropenem test methods produced low numbers of very major and major errors. All test systems in the study produced low numbers of very major and major errors when P. aeruginosa was tested against imipenem and meropenem, except for Vitek testing (major error rate for imipenem, 20%). Further testing conducted in 11 of the participating ICARE hospital laboratories failed to pinpoint the factors responsible for the initial overdetection of imipenem resistance. However, this study demonstrated that carbapenem testing difficulties do exist and that laboratories should consider using a second, independent antimicrobial susceptibility testing method to validate carbapenem-intermediate and -resistant results. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Steward, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 37 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 351 EP 358 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.351-358.2003 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700055 PM 12517872 ER PT J AU Espinosa, LE Li, ZY Barreto, DG Jaimes, EC Rodriguez, RS Sakota, V Facklam, RR Beall, B AF Espinosa, LE Li, ZY Barreto, DG Jaimes, EC Rodriguez, RS Sakota, V Facklam, RR Beall, B TI M protein gene type distribution among group A streptococcal clinical isolates recovered in Mexico City, Mexico, from 1991 to 2000, and Durango, Mexico, from 1998 to 1999: Overlap with type distribution within the United States SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PHARYNGITIS; POPULATION; SEQUENCES AB To examine the type distribution of pathogenic group A streptococcal (GAS) strains in Mexico, we determined the emm types of 423 GAS isolates collected from ill patients residing in Mexico (Durango or Mexico City). These included 282 throat isolates and 107 isolates from normally sterile sites. Of the other isolates, 38 were recovered from other miscellaneous infections. A total of 31 different emm types were found, revealing a broad overlap between commonly occurring emm types in Mexico and the United States. The information obtained in this study is consistent with the possibility that multivalent, M type-specific vaccines prepared for GAS strain distribution within the United States could theoretically protect against the majority of GAS strains causing disease in the two cities surveyed in Mexico. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hosp Infantil Mexico Dr Federico Gomez, Mexico City 06720, DF, Mexico. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Mail Stop C0-2,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 373 EP 378 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.373-378.2003 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700058 PM 12517875 ER PT J AU Lambert, AJ Martin, DA Lanciotti, RS AF Lambert, AJ Martin, DA Lanciotti, RS TI Detection of North American eastern and western equine encephalitis viruses by nucleic acid amplification assays SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPID DETECTION; NASBA; RNA; INFECTION; EVOLUTION; NILE AB We have developed nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA), standard reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), and TaqMan nucleic acid amplification assays for the rapid detection of North American eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and western equine encephalitis (WEE) viral RNAs from samples collected in the field and clinical samples. The sensitivities of these assays have been compared to that of virus isolation. While all three types of nucleic acid amplification assays provide rapid detection of viral RNAs comparable to the isolation of viruses in Vero cells, the TaqMan assays for North American EEE and WEE viral RNAs are the most sensitive. We have shown these assays to be specific for North American EEE and WEE viral RNAs by testing geographically and temporally distinct strains of EEE and WEE viruses along with a battery of related and unrelated arthropodborne viruses. In addition, all three types of nucleic acid amplification assays have been used to detect North American EEE and WEE viral RNAs from mosquito and vertebrate tissue samples. The sensitivity, specificity, and rapidity of nucleic acid amplification demonstrate the usefulness of NASBA, standard RT-PCR, and TaqMan assays, in both research and diagnostic settings, to detect North American EEE and WEE viral RNAs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lambert, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 23 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.379-385.2003 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700059 PM 12517876 ER PT J AU LaClaire, LL Tondella, MLC Beall, DS Noble, CA Raghunathan, PL Rosenstein, NE Popovic, T AF LaClaire, LL Tondella, MLC Beall, DS Noble, CA Raghunathan, PL Rosenstein, NE Popovic, T CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Identification of Haemophilus influenzae serotypes by standard slide agglutination serotyping and PCR-based capsule typing SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB To resolve discrepancies in slide agglutination serotyping (SAST) results from state health departments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), we characterized 141 of 751 invasive Haemophilus influenzae isolates that were identified in the United States from January 1998 to December 1999 through an active, laboratory-based, surveillance program coordinated by the CDC. We found discrepancies between the results of SAST performed at state health departments and those of PCR capsule typing performed at the CDC for 56 (40%) of the isolates characterized: 54 isolates that were identified as a particular serotype by SAST were shown to be unencapsulated by PCR, and two isolates that were reported as serotypes b and f were found to be serotypes f and e, respectively, by PCR. The laboratory error most likely to affect the perceived efficacy of the conjugate H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine was the misidentification of isolates as serotype b: of 40 isolates identified as serotype b by SAST, 27 (68%) did not contain the correlating capsule type genes. The frequency of errors fell substantially when standardized reagents and routine quality control of SAST were used during a study involving three laboratories. An overall 94% agreement between SAST and PCR results showed that slide agglutination could be a valid and reliable method for serotyping H. influenzae if the test was performed correctly, in accordance with standardized and recommended procedures. An ongoing prospective analysis of all H. influenzae surveillance isolates associated with invasive disease in children less than 5 years old will provide more accurate national figures for the burden of invasive disease caused by Hib and other H. influenzae serotypes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Univ N Florida, Dept Biol, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 393 EP 396 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.393-396.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700061 PM 12517878 ER PT J AU Cauci, S Thorsen, P Schendel, DE Bremmelgaard, A Quadrifoglio, F Guaschino, S AF Cauci, S Thorsen, P Schendel, DE Bremmelgaard, A Quadrifoglio, F Guaschino, S TI Determination of immunoglobulin A against Gardnerella vaginalis hemolysin, sialidase, and prolidase activities in vaginal fluid: Implications for adverse pregnancy outcomes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPONTANEOUS PRETERM BIRTH; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; MICROORGANISMS; DELIVERY; WOMEN; ASSOCIATION; CREAM; TRACT AB A nested case-control study of low birth weight and preterm delivery was performed with singleton women. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) against the Gardnerella vaginalis hemolysin (anti-Gvh IgA) and sialidase and prolidase activities were determined in vaginal fluid at 17 weeks of gestation. Sialidase positivity and bacterial vaginosis with high prolidase activity were associated with 2- and 11-fold increased risks for low birth weight, respectively. No woman with bacterial vaginosis plus a strong anti-Gvh IgA response had an adverse outcome. C1 Univ Udine, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Biomed, Sch Med, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Trieste, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo Hosp, Dept Reprod & Dev Sci, Obstet & Gynecol Unit, Trieste, Italy. Aarhus Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Aarhus, Denmark. Aarhus Univ, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Aarhus, Denmark. Frederiksberg Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, DK-2000 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cauci, S (reprint author), Univ Udine, Dipartimento Sci & Tecnol Biomed, Sch Med, Piazzale Kolbe 4, I-33100 Udine, Italy. NR 33 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 435 EP 438 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.435-438.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700070 PM 12517887 ER PT J AU Booton, GC Carmichael, JR Visvesvara, GS Byers, TJ Fuerst, PA AF Booton, GC Carmichael, JR Visvesvara, GS Byers, TJ Fuerst, PA TI Identification of Balamuthia mandrillaris by PCR assay using the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene as a target SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; ACANTHAMOEBA; HUMANS; INFECTIONS; DIAGNOSIS; ANIMALS; AGENT AB Balamuthia mandrillaris is an opportunistic pathogen that causes granulomatous amebic meningoencephalitis in animals, including humans. Based on sequence analysis of mitochondrial small-subunit-rRNA genes, we developed primers that amplify a Balamuthia-specific PCR product. These primers will be useful for retrospective analyses of fixed tissues and possible identification of Balamuthia in vivo. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Booton, GC (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Mol Genet, 484 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [R01 EY009073, R01 EY009073-10, EY09073] NR 16 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 453 EP 455 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.453-455.2003 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700075 PM 12517892 ER PT J AU Padhye, AA Verghese, S Ravichandran, P Balamurugan, G Hall, L Padmaja, P Fernandez, MC AF Padhye, AA Verghese, S Ravichandran, P Balamurugan, G Hall, L Padmaja, P Fernandez, MC TI Trichosporon loubieri infection in a patient with adult polycystic kidney disease SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMBULATORY PERITONEAL-DIALYSIS; GENUS TRICHOSPORON; BEIGELII; FUNGAL; YEASTS; ASAHII AB A 45-year-old man from Nepal with a 13-year history of polycystic kidney disease was diagnosed as suffering from chronic renal failure with end-stage renal disease. After receiving empirical antituberculosis treatment, he was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. A left nephrectomy was performed, and after 4 months, he received a kidney transplant. The left kidney was grossly enlarged, with multiple cystic spaces filled with blackish material. Histologic examination of the excised left kidney tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Gomori's methenamine silver stains showed numerous hyaline, septate, fungal hyphae of various lengths, many broken into rectangular arthroconidia in the cystic spaces. Culture of the kidney tissue yielded white, glabrous, yeast-like colonies. Based on its micromorphology, growth at 42degreesC, and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence analysis, and also sequence analysis of the internal-transcribed-spacer and D1/D2 rDNA regions, the yeast was identified as Trichosporon loubieri. Postsurgically, the patient was treated with amphotericin B and oral itraconazole, followed by maintenance therapy with fluconazole. He remained afebrile and asymptomatic. At the final follow-up, all parameters were found normal and the patient was doing well, with normal renal function reports. This paper presents the first known case of human infection caused by T. loubieri. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Madras Med Mission, Inst Cardio Vasc Dis, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. Inst Orthopaed & Traumatol, Dept Kidney Dis, Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Clin Microbiol, Rochester, MN USA. RP Padhye, AA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Mail Stop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM aap1@cdc.gov NR 23 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 479 EP 482 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.479-482.2003 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700083 PM 12517900 ER PT J AU Brunetti, E Garlaschelli, AL Filice, C Schantz, P AF Brunetti, E Garlaschelli, AL Filice, C Schantz, P TI Comment on "Acute echinococcosis: a case report" SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Pavia, IRCCS S Matteo, Div Infect & Trop Dis, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brunetti, E (reprint author), Univ Pavia, IRCCS S Matteo, Div Infect & Trop Dis, Via Taramelli 5, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 41 IS 1 BP 523 EP 523 DI 10.1128/JCM.41.1.523.2003 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 635NY UT WOS:000180406700098 PM 12517915 ER PT J AU Ingram, EM AF Ingram, EM TI Expert panel recommendations on elder mistreatment using a public health framework SO JOURNAL OF ELDER ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE elder abuse; elder mistreatment; neglect; primary prevention; public health ID ABUSE; VIOLENCE; PREVENTION; NEGLECT; POLICY AB Elder mistreatment is a widespread and growing problem resulting in a variety of negative societal and health Outcomes for a major segment of the Population. A public health approach provides a framework for conceptualizing and implementing intervention efforts for the prevention Of future and reduction of existing elder mistreatment. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a panel of experts to advise the agency on developing a comprehensive agenda for the protection of the nation's Vulnerable elders in the area of elder mistreatment. This document presents an explanation of the public health approach and a summary of recommendations made by the expert panel. (C) 2003 by the Haworth Press, Inc. Al rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent Prevent Dev, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ingram, EM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent Prevent Dev, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0894-6566 J9 J ELDER ABUSE NEGL JI J. Elder Abuse Negl. PY 2003 VL 15 IS 2 BP 45 EP 65 DI 10.1300/J084v15n02_03 PG 21 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 854UQ UT WOS:000223929300003 ER PT J AU Fuerst, PA Booton, GC Visvesvara, GS Byers, TJ AF Fuerst, PA Booton, GC Visvesvara, GS Byers, TJ TI Genotypic identification of non-keratitis infections caused by the opportunistically pathogenic ameba genus Acanthamoeba SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID SEQUENCE TYPES C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fuerst, PA (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU NEI NIH HHS [EY09073, R01 EY009073-10] NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 512 EP 513 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00613.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400004 PM 14736146 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Sriram, R Visvesvara, GS Xiao, LH AF Zhou, L Sriram, R Visvesvara, GS Xiao, LH TI Genetic variations in the internal transcribed spacer and mitochondrial small subunit rRNA gene of Naegleria spp. SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID PRIMARY AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; MENINGO-ENCEPHALITIS; FOWLERI; DNA; PATTERNS AB Naegleria spp. are widely distributed free-living amebas, but one species in the genus, N. fowleri, causes acute fulminant primary amebic meningoencephalitis in humans and other animals. Thus, it is important to differentiate N. fowleri from the rest in the genus of Naegleria, and to develop tools for the detection of intra-specific genetic variations. In this study, one isolate each of N. australiensis, N. gruberi, N. jadini, and N. lovaniensis and 22 isolates of N. fowleri were characterized at the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) and mitochondrial small subunit rRNA (mtSSU rRNA) gene. The mtSSU rRNA primers designed amplified DNA of all isolates, with distinct sequences obtained from all species examined. In contrast, the ITS primers only amplified DNA from N. lovaniensis and N. fowleri, with minor sequence differences between the two. Three genotypes of N. fowleri were found among the isolates analyzed in both the mtSSU rRNA gene and ITS. The extent of sequence variation was greater in the mtSSU rRNA gene, but the ITS had the advantage of length polymorphism. These data should be useful in the development of molecular tools for rapid species differentiation and genotyping of Naegleria spp. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 20 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 7 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 522 EP 526 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00617.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400008 PM 14736150 ER PT J AU Cama, VA Bern, C Sulaiman, IM Gilman, RH Ticona, E Vivar, A Kawai, V Vargas, D Zhou, L Xiao, LH AF Cama, VA Bern, C Sulaiman, IM Gilman, RH Ticona, E Vivar, A Kawai, V Vargas, D Zhou, L Xiao, LH TI Cryptosporidium species and genotypes in HIV-positive patients in Lima, Peru SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID MOLECULAR ANALYSIS; SPORADIC CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; UNITED-KINGDOM; PARASITES; PARVUM; HUMANS; INFECTIONS; SAMPLES; KENYA AB Cryptosporidium parasites from a cross-sectional study conducted in two national hospitals in Lima, Peru were genetically characterized to determine the diversity of Cryptosporidium spp. in HIV-positive people. A total of 2,672 patients participated in this study and provided 13.937 specimens. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by microscopy in 354 (13.3%) of the patients. Analysis of 951 Cryptosporidium-positive specimens from 300 patients using a small subunit rRNA-based PCR-RFLP tool identified 6 genotypes; Cryptosporidium hominis was the species most frequently detected (67.5%), followed by C. meleagridis (12.6%) and C. parvum (11.3%). Cryptosporidium canis (4.0%), C. felis (3.3%). and Cryptosporidium pig genotype (0.5%) were also found. These findings indicate that C. hominis is the predominant species in Peruvian HIV-positive persons. and that zoonotic Cryptosporidium spp. account for about 30% of cryptosporidiosis in these patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Hosp Dos de Mayo, Lima, Peru. Hosp Loayza, Lima, Peru. Asociac Benefica PRISMA, Lima, Peru. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 19 TC 84 Z9 96 U1 1 U2 5 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 531 EP 533 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00620.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400011 PM 14736153 ER PT J AU Camero, L Shulaw, WP Xiao, LH AF Camero, L Shulaw, WP Xiao, LH TI Characterization of a Cryptosporidium parvum gene encoding a protein with homology to long chain fatty acid synthetase SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID COENZYME-A SYNTHETASE; ACYL-COA SYNTHETASE; PEPTIDE SYNTHETASES; EXPRESSION; CLONING; ANTIBODIES; TRIACSINS; DOMAIN; MOTIF AB We describe here the cloning, sequencing, and characterization of a novel Cryptosporidium parvum gene, encoding a protein with significant homology to the long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (LCFA, EC 6.2.1.3). The gene has an open reading frame of 2,301 bp, coding for a 766 amino acid polypeptide, and with an estimated MW of 86.1 kDa. By indirect immunofluorescence assay, monoclonal antibodies C3CE7 and E5D labeled the anterior pole of fixed C. parvum sporozoites and developmental stages in C parvum-infected cultures at 24, 48, and 72 It post-infection. These monoclonal antibodies inhibited more than 35% of parasite growth in vitro. The effect of triacsin C, a potent selective inhibitor of LCFA synthetase, on parasite growth was assessed in cell culture; complete inhibition of parasite growth at 2.5 ug/ml was obtained with little evidence of drug-associated cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the fatty acyl-CoA synthetase may be a useful target in the development of selective inhibitors and immunologic interventions against C. parvum. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ohio State Univ, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 534 EP 538 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00621.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400012 PM 14736154 ER PT J AU Jiang, JL Xiao, LH AF Jiang, JL Xiao, LH TI An evaluation of molecular diagnostic tools for the detection and differentiation of human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium spp. SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS; PARVUM; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES; PROTEIN; ORIGIN AB The performance of 10 commonly used genotyping tools in the detection and differentiation of 7 human-pathogenic Cryptosporidium spp. (C. hominis, C. parvum, C. meleagridis, C. felis, C. canis, C. muris and Cryptosporidium pig genotype 1) was evaluated. All 3 SU rRNA gene-based tools could amplify the DNA of 7 Cryptosporidium spp. efficiently. However. the tools based on the antigens TRAP-C 1, TRAP-C2 and COWP genes, the housekeeping genes HSP70 and DHFR, or a genomic sequence, failed to detect the DNA of C. felis, C. canis, Cryptosporidium pig genotype I, and C. muris. With the exception of I tool based on the TRAP-C2 gene, the PCR-RFLP or the PCR sequencing tools evaluated in this study could differentiate C. hominis, C. parvum and C. meleagridis from each other, and 2 SSU rRNA gene-based tools could differentiate all 7 Cryptosporidium spp. Thus, a thorough understanding of the strength and weakness of each technique is needed when using molecular diagnostic tool in epidemiological investigations of human cryptosporidiosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 14 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 542 EP 547 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00623.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400014 PM 14736156 ER PT J AU Navarro-I-Martinez, L Bornay-Llinares, FJ Rueda, C del Aguila, C da Silva, AJ Oleaga, A Ramajo, V Fenoy, S Pieniazek, NJ AF Navarro-I-Martinez, L Bornay-Llinares, FJ Rueda, C del Aguila, C da Silva, AJ Oleaga, A Ramajo, V Fenoy, S Pieniazek, NJ TI Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium sp from animals in Spain SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID DISCONTINUOUS SUCROSE; N. SP; PARVUM; OOCYSTS; GRADIENTS; PROTEIN C1 Univ Miguel Hernandez de Elche, Alicante, Spain. Univ San Pablo, CUE, Madrid, Spain. CSIC, Inst Recursos Nat & Agrobiol, Salamanca, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Navarro-I-Martinez, L (reprint author), Univ Miguel Hernandez de Elche, Alicante, Spain. RI OLEAGA, ANA/E-9564-2011; del Aguila, Carmen/A-6063-2016; Fenoy, Soledad /A-9633-2016; OI OLEAGA, ANA/0000-0002-8019-7354; del Aguila, Carmen/0000-0003-0063-7899; Fenoy, Soledad /0000-0002-5218-6308; Navarro-i-Martinez, Luis/0000-0002-7358-8947 NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 553 EP 554 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00626.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400017 PM 14736159 ER PT J AU Peng, MM Meshnick, SR Cunliffe, NA Thindwa, BDM Hart, CA Broadhead, RL Xiao, LH AF Peng, MM Meshnick, SR Cunliffe, NA Thindwa, BDM Hart, CA Broadhead, RL Xiao, LH TI Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in Malawi SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID INFECTION; PARVUM AB Few studies have examined the molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in developing countries. In this study, DNA of 69 microscopy-positive human fecal samples collected from Malawi were examined by multilocus genetic analyses. From 43, 27 and 28 of the samples, the SSU rRNA. 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) and 60 kDa glycoprotein (GP60) genes, respectively, were successfully PCR-amplified. Restriction analysis of the SSU PCR products showed that 41 of the 43 PCR-positive samples had C. hominis and 2 had C. parvum. Sequence analysis of the HSP70 and GP60 gene confirmed the species identification by SSU rRNA PCR-RFLP analysis, but also revealed high intraspecific variations. Altogether. six HSP70 subtypes and six GP60 subtypes (belonging to four subtype alleles) of C. hominis were found. Linkage disequilibrum analysis of the two genetic loci showed possible intraspecific recombination. Thus, cryptosporidiosis in the study area was largely caused by anthroponotic transmission. The high intraspecific variation and existence of genetic recombination were probably results of high transmission of cryptosporidiosis in this area. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Wellcome Trust Res Labs, Blantyre, Malawi. Univ Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Univ Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Cunliffe, Nigel/0000-0002-5449-4988 NR 15 TC 87 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 557 EP 559 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00628.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400019 PM 14736161 ER PT J AU Zhou, L Yang, CF Xiao, LH AF Zhou, L Yang, CF Xiao, LH TI PCR-mediated recombination between Cryptosporidium spp. of lizards and snakes SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID POPULATION STRUCTURES; PARVUM AB The presence or absence of genetic recombination has often been used as one of the criteria for Cryptosporidium species designation and population structure delineation. During a recent study of cryptosporidiosis in reptiles that were housed in the same room, 4 lizards were found to have concurrent infections of C. serpentis (a gastric parasite) and C. saurophilum (an intestinal parasite), and 6 snakes were concurrently infected with C. serpentis. C. saurophilum and a new Cryptosporidium as indicated by PCR-RFLP analysis of the SSU rRNA gene. DNA sequence analysis of cloned PCR products confirmed the diagnosis of mixed infections. Surprisingly, it appeared that 11 of the 22 clones (8 and 14 clones from a lizard and a snake. respectively) had chimeric sequences of two Cryptosporidium spp. BootScan analysis indicated the existence of recombinants among the cloned sequences and detection of the informative sites confirmed the BootScan results. Because the probability for genetic recombination between gastric and intestinal parasites is small, these hybrid sequences were likely results of PCR artifacts due to the presence of multiple templates. This was confirmed by PCR-sequencing analysis of single-copy templates using diluted DNA samples. Direct sequencing of 69 PCR products from 100- to 1.000-fold diluted DNAs from the same snake and lizard produced only sequences of C. serpentis, C. saurophilum and the unnamed Cryptosporidium sp. Thus. care should be taken to eliminate PCR artifacts when determining the presence of genetic recombination or interpreting results of population genetic studies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; NR 7 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 563 EP 565 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00630.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400021 PM 14736163 ER PT J AU Kucerova-Pospisilova, Z Moura, H Visvesvara, G AF Kucerova-Pospisilova, Z Moura, H Visvesvara, G TI Immunoblot analysis to evaluate serologic reactivity of HIV-1-megative blood donors to microsporidia SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI INFECTION; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ENCEPHALITOZOON-INTESTINALIS; IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT; IDENTIFICATION; DIARRHEA; PROTEINS; TRAVELERS; CUNICULI; WATER C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kucerova-Pospisilova, Z (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 577 EP 578 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00636.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400027 PM 14736169 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Matos, O Lobo, ML Xiao, LH AF Sulaiman, IM Matos, O Lobo, ML Xiao, LH TI Identification of a new microsporidian parasite related to Vittaforma corneae in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients from Portugal SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID ENTEROCYTOZOON-BIENEUSI; NOSEMA-CORNEUM; ATHYMIC MICE; INFECTION AB Fecal samples from 22 HIV-positive and 3 HIV-negative patients from Portugal with symptomatic diarrhea were diagnosed positive for microsporidia by microscopy, with most parasites detected significantly bigger than Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozon spp. Sequence characterization of the small subunit (SSU) rRNA gene identified a microsporidian parasite with 96% homology to two published Vittaforma corneae sequences. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed the genetic relatedness of this new microsporidian parasite to Vittaforma corneae as well as Cystosporogenes operophterae. Results of the study demonstrate the presence of a new human-pathogenic microsporidian species, which is responsible for significant number of infections in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients in Portugal. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Higiene & Med Trop, Unidade Protozoarios Oportunistas VIH & Outras Pr, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Lobo, Maria/I-3527-2012; Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; MATOS, OLGA/J-8859-2012; OI Lobo, Maria/0000-0001-5811-7568; Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; MATOS, OLGA/0000-0001-5793-7716 NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 586 EP 590 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00641.x PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400032 PM 14736174 ER PT J AU Sulaiman, IM Bern, C Gilman, R Cama, V Kawai, V Vargas, D Ticona, E Vivar, A Xiao, LX AF Sulaiman, IM Bern, C Gilman, R Cama, V Kawai, V Vargas, D Ticona, E Vivar, A Xiao, LX TI A molecular biologic study of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV-infected patients in Lima, Peru SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID INTESTINAL MICROSPORIDIOSIS; FECAL SAMPLES; SURFACE-WATER; 1ST DETECTION; PIGS; PREVALENCE; GENOTYPES; DIARRHEA; STRAINS; HUMANS AB A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the genotype distribution of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in HIV-infected patients who visited two government hospitals in Lima, Peru from January 2000 through March 2003. Microsporidia were detected by microscopy in 105 (3.9%) of 2.672 patients. A total of 212 stool samples from 89 microsporidia-positive patients were genotyped by sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rRNA gene. A 392-bp fragment containing the complete ITS region was amplified and sequenced. Multiple alignments and phylogenetic analysis of these ITS sequences identified 11 distinct genotypes of E. bieneusi (Peru-1 to Peru-11), 6 of which were new genotypes not reported before. The remaining 5 genotypes had nucleotide sequences identical to those previously reported in humans, cats. pigs, and wild mammals. All the 11 E. bieneusi-genotypes identified are genetically related, and members of the group have been previously found in humans, domestic animals, and some wild mammals. Thus, there is a high genetic diversity of E. bieneusi in humans in Peru, and zoonotic transmission is possible if humans are in close contact with infected animals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. AB Prisma, Lima, Peru. Hosp Mayo, Lima, Peru. Hosp Loayza, Lima, Peru. RP Xiao, LX (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 22 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 591 EP 596 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00642.x PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400033 PM 14736175 ER PT J AU Crothers, K Huang, L Morris, A Fox, M Groner, G Turner, JR Merrifield, C Eiser, S Friedly, J Gravari, E Zucchi, P Beard, CB AF Crothers, K Huang, L Morris, A Fox, M Groner, G Turner, JR Merrifield, C Eiser, S Friedly, J Gravari, E Zucchi, P Beard, CB TI Pneumocystis dihydropteroate synthase mutations in patients with Pneumocystis pneumonia who are newly diagnosed with HIV infection SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; AIDS PATIENTS; GENE; TRANSMISSION; CORRELATE C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Posit Hlth Program, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ So Calif, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. OI Crothers, Kristina/0000-0001-9702-0371 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1K23HL72117-01, K23 HL072117, K23 HL072117-01A1, 1K23HL072837-01] NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 609 EP 610 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00648.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400039 PM 14736181 ER PT J AU Huang, L Crothers, K Morris, A Groner, G Fox, M Turner, JR Merrifield, C Eiser, S Zucchi, P Beard, CB AF Huang, L Crothers, K Morris, A Groner, G Fox, M Turner, JR Merrifield, C Eiser, S Zucchi, P Beard, CB TI Pneumocystis colonization in HIV-infected patients SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; F-SP MURIS; CARINII-PNEUMONIA; ASYMPTOMATIC CARRIAGE; NESTED PCR; TRANSMISSION; DNA; JIROVECI; MICE; CONTACT C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Posit Hlth Program, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ So Calif, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [K23 HL72117-01, K23 HL072117-01A1, 1K23-HL072837-01, K23 HL072117] NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 616 EP 617 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00651.x PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400042 PM 14736184 ER PT J AU Huang, L Crothers, H DeOliveira, A Eiser, S Zucchi, P Beard, CB Unnasch, TR AF Huang, L Crothers, H DeOliveira, A Eiser, S Zucchi, P Beard, CB Unnasch, TR TI Application of an mRNA-based molecular viability assay to oropharyngeal washes for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. A pilot study SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists/International Conference on Anaerobic Protists CY JUL 23-29, 2003 CL HILO, HAWAII SP Soc Protozoologists, Univ Hawaii Hilo ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CARINII PNEUMONIA; INDUCED SPUTUM; ORAL WASHES; SAMPLES; PCR C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Posit Hlth Program, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Geog Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Huang, L (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [1K23HL72117-01, K23 HL072117, K23 HL072117-01A1] NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 50 SU S BP 618 EP 620 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2003.tb00652.x PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 758JQ UT WOS:000187631400043 PM 14736185 ER PT J AU Shalat, SL Donnelly, KC Freeman, NCG Calvin, JA Ramesh, S Jimenez, M Black, K Coutinho, C Needham, LL Barr, DB Ramirez, J AF Shalat, SL Donnelly, KC Freeman, NCG Calvin, JA Ramesh, S Jimenez, M Black, K Coutinho, C Needham, LL Barr, DB Ramirez, J TI Nondietary ingestion of pesticides by children in an agricultural community on the US/Mexico border: Preliminary results SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE border; children; exposure; Hispanic; organophosphate pesticides ID EXPOSURE PATHWAYS; EXTRACTION; URINE; SOIL; RESIDUES; FAMILIES; SAMPLES; WORKERS; HOME AB An environmental measurement and correlation study of nondietary ingestion of pesticides was carried out in a colonia in south Texas. The purpose of the study was to evaluate young children's exposure to environmental levels of organophosphate (OP) pesticides in the household. Samples were collected to measure levels of OP pesticides in housedust and on children's hands. These, in turn, were compared to levels of OP pesticide metabolites in urine. A total of 52 children, 25 boys and 27 girls, participated in the spring and summer of 2000. The children were 7 - 53 months of age at the time of recruitment. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were carried out using SAS statistical software. Seventy -six percent of housedust samples and 50% of hand rinse samples contained OP pesticides. All urine samples had at least one metabolite and over 95% had at least two metabolites above the limit of detection (LOD). Total OP loadings in the housedust ranged from nondetectable (nd) to 78.03 nmol /100 cm(2) (mean = 0.15 nmol / 100 cm(2); median=0.07 nmol/100 cm(2)); total OP loadings on the children's hands ranged from nd to 13.40 nmol / 100 cm(2) (mean= 1.21 nmol/100 cm(2); median= 1.41 nmol/ 100 cm(2)), and creatinine corrected urinary levels (nmol/mol creatinine) of total OP metabolites ranged from 3.2 to 257 nmol/mol creatinine (mean=42.6; median 27.4 nmol/mol creatinine). Urinary metabolites were inversely associated with the age of the child (in months)with the parameter estimate (pe)= - 2.11, P=0.0070, and 95% confidence interval - 3.60 to - 0.61. The multivariate analysis observed a weak association between concentrations of OP pesticides in housedust, loadings in housedust, and concentration on hands, hand surface area, and urinary levels of OP metabolites. However, hand loadings of OP pesticides were more strongly associated (r(2) =0.28; P-0.0156) with urinary levels of OP metabolites (pe=6.39; 95% Cl 0.98-11.80). This study's preliminary findings suggest that surface loadings of pesticides, on hands, are more highly correlated with urinary bioassays and, therefore, may be more useful for estimation of exposure in epidemiologic studies than levels of pesticides in housedust. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Rutgers State Univ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Ctr Environm & Rural Hlth, College Stn, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. TDI Brooks Int, College Stn, TX USA. RP Shalat, SL (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Rutgers State Univ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM shalat@eohsi.rutgers.edu RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30-ES-05022] NR 31 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 42 EP 50 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500249 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 648HN UT WOS:000181145200005 PM 12595883 ER PT J AU Winthrop, KL Palumbo, MS Farrar, JA Mohle-Boetani, JC Abbott, S Beatty, ME Inami, G Werner, SB AF Winthrop, KL Palumbo, MS Farrar, JA Mohle-Boetani, JC Abbott, S Beatty, ME Inami, G Werner, SB TI Alfalfa sprouts and Salmonella Kottbus infection: A multistate outbreak following inadequate seed disinfection with heat and chlorine SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL TREATMENTS; GROWTH AB Raw sprouts have been implicated in a number of foodborne disease outbreaks. Because contaminated seeds are usually responsible, many sprout producers attempt to disinfect seeds before germination and detect sprout contamination during production. In March 2001, we detected an increased number of Salmonella serotype Kottbus isolates in,California. Overall, we identified 31 cases from three western states. To identify the cause, we conducted a case-control study with the first 10 identified case-patients matched to 20 controls by age, sex, and residential area. Our case-control study found illness to be statistically associated with alfalfa sprout consumption. The traceback investigation implicated a single sprouter, where environmental studies yielded Salmonella Kottbus from ungerminated seeds and floor drains within the production facility. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of all patient, seed, and floor drain Salmonella Kottbus isolates were indistinguishable. Most implicated sprouts were from seeds that underwent heat treatment and soaking with a 2,000-ppm-sodiurii hypochlorite solution rather than the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-recommended 20,000-ppm calcium hypochlorite soak. Other implicated seeds had been soaked in a calcium hypochlorite solution that, when tested, measured only 11,000 ppm. The outbreak might have been averted when screening tests of sprout irrigation water detected Salmonella in January; however, confirmatory testing of these samples was negative (but testing improperly utilized refrigerated irrigation water). Producers should use the enrichment broth of positive screening samples, not refrigerated irrigation water, for confirmatory testing. Until other effective disinfection technologies are developed, producers should adhere to FDA recommendations for sprout seed disinfection. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Food Drug Branch, Sacramento, CA 94234 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Winthrop, KL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 16 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 4 U2 13 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 66 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 635DP UT WOS:000180383000002 PM 12540175 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ AF Alter, MJ TI Epidemiology of hepatitis B in Europe and worldwide SO JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT EASL International Consensus Conference on Hepatitis B CY SEP 13-14, 2002 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SP EASL ID SURFACE-ANTIGEN; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; DENTAL PRACTICE; DNA-POLYMERASE; ORAL SURGEON; RISK-FACTORS; TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 87 TC 104 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8278 J9 J HEPATOL JI J. Hepatol. PY 2003 VL 39 SU 1 BP S64 EP S69 DI 10.1016/S0168-8278(03)00141-7 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 739VA UT WOS:000186366100009 PM 14708680 ER PT J AU Spielberg, F Branson, BM Goldbaum, GM Kurth, A Wood, RW AF Spielberg, F Branson, BM Goldbaum, GM Kurth, A Wood, RW TI Designing an HIV counseling and testing program for bathhouses: The Seattle experience with strategies to improve acceptability SO JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY LA English DT Article DE HIV; bathhouse; HIV counseling and testing; HIV prevention ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEX CLUB ENVIRONMENTS; YOUNG MEN; RISK; PREVENTION; GAY; POPULATION; GONORRHEA; TELEPHONE AB Bathhouses are important Venues for providing HIV counseling and testing to high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM), yet relatively few bathhouses routinely provide this service, and few data are available to guide program design. We examine numerous logistic considerations that had been identified in the HIV Alternative Testing Strategies Study and that influenced the initiation, effectiveness, and maintenance of HIV testing programs in bathhouses for MSM. Key programmatic considerations in the design of a bathhouse HIV Counseling and testing program included building alliances with community agencies, hiring and training staff, developing techniques for offering testing, and providing options For Counseling, testing. and disclosure of results. The design included ways to provide client Support and follow-up for partner notification and treatment Counseling and to maintain relationships with bathhouse management For support of prevention activities. Early detection of HIV infection and HIV prevention can be achieved for some high-risk MSM through an accessible and acceptable HIV counseling and testing program in bathhouses. Keys to success include establishing Community prevention collaborations between bathhouse personnel and testing agencies, ensuring that testing staff are supported in their work, and offering anonymous rapid HIV testing. Use of FDA approved., new rapid tests that do not require venipuncture, centrifugation, or laboratory oversight will further decrease barriers to testing and facilitate implementation of bathhouse testing programs in other Communities. (C) 2003 by he Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP Spielberg, F (reprint author), Ctr AIDS & STD, Box 359931,325 9th Ave,3EC44, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RI Kurth, Ann/A-1615-2013 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI27757]; NIDA NIH HHS [K08 DA00472-01]; ODCDC CDC HHS [R18/CCR015258-01] NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0091-8369 J9 J HOMOSEXUAL JI J. Homosex. PY 2003 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 203 EP 220 DI 10.1300/J082v44n34_09 PG 18 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 717GT UT WOS:000185079700009 PM 12962183 ER PT J AU Mutchler, MG Bingham, T Chion, M Jenkins, RA Klosinski, LE Secura, G AF Mutchler, MG Bingham, T Chion, M Jenkins, RA Klosinski, LE Secura, G TI Comparing sexual behavioral patterns between two bathhouses: Implications for HIV prevention intervention policy SO JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY LA English DT Article DE gay men; MSM; HIV/AIDS; sexual risk behaviors; HIV prevention intervention policy; bathhouse; public sex venues ID RISK; MEN AB There is a glaring lack of data to Inform Culturally appropriate HIV prevention interventions targeting, environments Such as bathhouses where men who have sex with men (MSM) practice sexual risk behaviors. This study compares sexual behavioral patterns across two bathhouse sites in order to identify important themes to address when tailoring HIV prevention interventions to bathhouse environments. We analyzed semi-structured interviews with workers and patrons at two bathhouses to explore similarities and differences. A coding scheme was established and data were organized according to conceptual themes. We found that differences between the two sites emerged in six key areas: bathhouse clientele, attraction to particular sites, sexual practices and condom use, communication about sex and HIV status, bathhouse rules, and substance use. Implications for HIV prevention intervention policy are discussed. (C) 2003 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 AIDS Project Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90010 USA. Los Angeles Cty HIV Epidemiol Program, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mutchler, MG (reprint author), AIDS Project Los Angeles, 3550 Wilshire Blvd,Suite 300, Los Angeles, CA 90010 USA. NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0091-8369 J9 J HOMOSEXUAL JI J. Homosex. PY 2003 VL 44 IS 3-4 BP 221 EP 242 DI 10.1300/J082v44n34_10 PG 22 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 717GT UT WOS:000185079700010 PM 12962184 ER PT J AU McGeehin, MA AF McGeehin, MA TI Getting the lead out: Can iron help? SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXPOSURE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McGeehin, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mail Stop E 19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 142 IS 1 BP 3 EP 4 DI 10.1067/mpd.2003.10 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 636YQ UT WOS:000180485200002 PM 12520244 ER PT J AU Mili, F Helmick, CG Zack, MM Moriarty, DG AF Mili, F Helmick, CG Zack, MM Moriarty, DG TI Health related quality of life among adults reporting arthritis: Analysis of data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, US, 1996-99 SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE arthritis; cross sectional survey; epidemiology; quality of life; socioeconomic factors ID OF-LIFE; POPULATION; DISABILITY; IMPACT; CARE AB Objective. To characterize health related quality of life (HRQOL) among people with and without self-reported arthritis in the general population by selected demographic and behavior characteristics. Methods. We analyzed data from a cross sectional random-digit telephone survey [the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)] of civilian noninstitutionalized adults aged 18 years or older from 15 states and Puerto Rico, all of which used an optional arthritis survey module for one or more years from 1996 through 1999. We compared HRQOL among people with arthritis, defined as chronic joint symptoms (CJS) or doctor-diagnosed arthritis, those within one of 3 arthritis subgroups (i.e., only doctor-diagnosed arthritis, only CJS, and both doctor-diagnosed arthritis and CJS), and those without arthritis. Results. On an age-adjusted basis, respondents with arthritis had significantly worse HRQOL than respondents without arthritis. Members of all 3 arthritis subgroups had significantly worse HRQOL than those without arthritis. Those with both CJS and doctor-diagnosed arthritis had consistently worse HRQOL than those with only CIS, who in turn had worse HRQOL than those with only doctor-diagnosed arthritis. In some of the demographic and behavioral subgroups, HRQOL differences between those with and without arthritis greatly exceeded the differences for the overall study. Conclusion. Because many adults report arthritis and because arthritis substantially worsens their HRQOL, HRQOL measures like those in the BRFSS may be useful in monitoring the burden of arthritis and in tracking the success of population interventions for arthritis. C1 CDCP, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Helmick, CG (reprint author), CDCP, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 49 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 6 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 160 EP 166 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 633LW UT WOS:000180285600027 PM 12508407 ER PT J AU Hedlund, J Shults, RA Compton, R AF Hedlund, J Shults, RA Compton, R TI What we know, what we don't know, and what we need to know about graduated driver licensing SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Graduated Driver Licensing CY NOV 05-07, 2002 CL CHATHAM, MASSACHUSETTS DE graduated driver licensing; beginning drivers; teenage drivers; learner's permit; provisional driving license AB On November 5-7, 2002, the Symposium on Graduated Driver Licensing in Chatham, MA, brought together 75 researchers and practitioners from the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand to document the current science of graduated driver licensing (GDL) and to outline research needs. Participants reviewed 12 background papers and discussed the papers in depth. The symposium's background papers are published in this issue of the Journal of Safety Research. This paper summarizes and provides a quick reference to information from the symposium papers and participant discussions. It cites the 12 symposium papers, which in turn provide more information and cite original sources. Issues and recommendations not followed by a citation were raised in the symposium discussions. This paper is divided into seven sections. The first six sections summarize information from the symposium papers and discussions. The sections are: (1) The need for graduated driver licensing; (2) Effectiveness of GDL as implemented; (3) The learner's permit phase; (4) The provisional license phase; (5) The roles of teens, parents, and public agencies; and (6) Enacting and implementing GDL. In each of these six sections, research needs are classified as either high priority (important for designing and implementing effective GDL programs) or lower priority (useful but not critical for GDL at this time). The final section summarizes the discussion of research issues and priorities from the symposium's closing session. This section has three topics: general research, issues involving parents, and issues involving graduated licensing legislation and implementation. It presents participants' collective views on both broad priorities and specific issues. In providing a concise summary of presentations and discussions from the symposium, this paper necessarily omits some information and points of discussion. The views and judgments expressed are the authors' best attempt to capture the symposium's consensus, but they do not necessafily represent the views of the authors, their organizations, or any other individual symposium participant. In particular, they are not necessarily endorsed by the symposium's sponsors: General Motors, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the National Safety Council, and Nationwide. (C) 2002 National Safety Council and Elsevier Science Ltd. All fights reserved. C1 Highway Safety N, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Off Res & Technol, Washington, DC 20590 USA. RP Hedlund, J (reprint author), Highway Safety N, 110 Homestead Rd, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. NR 14 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0022-4375(02)00086-5 PG 9 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 642DR UT WOS:000180789400015 PM 12535913 ER PT J AU Sinclair, RC Smith, R Colligan, M Prince, M Nguyen, T Stayner, L AF Sinclair, RC Smith, R Colligan, M Prince, M Nguyen, T Stayner, L TI Evaluation of a safety training program in three food service companies SO JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE safety; training; occupational injuries; transfer of training climate; evaluation ID WORKERS-COMPENSATION; BURN INJURIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PERSPECTIVE; INFORMATION; EMPLOYEES AB Problem: Outcome measures for safety training effectiveness research often do not include measures such as occupational injury experience. Effectiveness mediators also receive sparse attention. Method: A new safety training curriculum was delivered to workers in a stratified random sample of food service facilities across three companies. A similar group of facilities received usual training. We collected post-test measures of demographic variables, safety knowledge, perceptions of transfer of training climate, and workers' compensation claim data for one year after the initial training activities. Results: Knowledge test scores were apparently higher in the new-training units than in the usual-training units. Some demographic variables were inconsistently associated with these differences. Evidence for reduction of the injury rate associated with the new training was observed from two companies but only approached significance for one company. A second company revealed a similar but non-significant trend. Knowledge scores were not significantly associated with lower injury rates. Discussion: We found evidence that safety training increases knowledge and reduces injuries. We found almost no evidence of effects of training effectiveness mediators, including no relationship between safety knowledge and injury experience. Methodological issues related to conducting a large study may have influenced these results. Impact on Industry: Although safety training leads to greater knowledge and, in some cases, reduced occupational injuries, the influence of mediating variables remains to be fully explained. (C) 2003 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Sinclair, RC (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM Rsinclair@cdc.gov NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4375 J9 J SAFETY RES JI J. Saf. Res. PY 2003 VL 34 IS 5 BP 547 EP 558 DI 10.1016/j.jsr.2003.03.003 PG 12 WC Ergonomics; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Transportation SC Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Transportation GA 769RJ UT WOS:000188663300010 PM 14733989 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Kann, L Smith, TK AF Brener, ND Kann, L Smith, TK TI Reliability and validity of the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 questionnaires SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID IMPLEMENTATION AB To help assess the quality of the questionnaires developed for the school Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) quality substudy in conjunction with SHPPS 2000. The 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC) conducted a data ion substudy, asessed validity of the state- and district-level questionnaires through telephone interviews with a subsample. of the original state- and-district-level iespondents, and the test-retest reliability of the school- and classroom-level questionnaires through computer-assisted repeat interviews with a subsample of the school- and-classroom-level respondents. Results indicated that although a few threats-to the validity of responses-to the state- and district-le vel queitionnaires were identified, the questionnaires generally produced valid data. Among the school and classroom-level questionnaires, some questions demonstrated poor reliability; but most exhibited moderate or substantial reliability, and some exhibited almost perfect reliability. CDC will use these results to revise the SHPPS 2000 questionnaires and will consider alternative methods of data-collection to-improve the quality of data collected in in ture - A versions of SHPPS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, MS K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD JAN PY 2003 VL 73 IS 1 BP 29 EP 37 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 646VM UT WOS:000181056300005 PM 12621721 ER PT J AU Narayan, KMV Gregg, EW Fagot-Campagna, A Gary, TL Saaddine, JB Parker, C Imperatore, G Valdez, R Beckles, G Engelgau, MM AF Narayan, KMV Gregg, EW Fagot-Campagna, A Gary, TL Saaddine, JB Parker, C Imperatore, G Valdez, R Beckles, G Engelgau, MM TI Relationship between quality of diabetes care and patient satisfaction SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE diabetes; quality of care; patient satisfaction ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; MANAGEMENT; PHYSICIANS; SERVICES; PROJECT; ADULTS AB Objective: Patient satisfaction is regarded as a component of the quality of medical care. We examined the association between quality of care and patient satisfaction. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Population-based random sample in North Carolina, United States, 1997. Participants: 591 African-Americans aged greater than or equal to18 years with self-reported diabetes were interviewed for providers' delivery of 10 preventive measures and patients' performance of four preventive measures for diabetes care. Main outcome measures: Satisfaction with health care providers with respect to 11 items, on a 4-point scale (excellent, good, fair, and poor). Average satisfaction scores were compared according to levels of quality of care. Results: Patient satisfaction was positively associated with income, employment, diabetes education, ease of getting care during the last year, having health care coverage and having one physician for diabetes care (P <0.05 for each). Adjusted for age, sex, education, employment, and income, 8 of 10 preventive care practices by providers during the previous year-monitoring of concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) and cholesterol; performing eye, foot, and gum examinations; and physician counseling on self-monitoring of blood glucose concentrations, exercise, and weight reduction-were associated with higher satisfaction scores (P <0.05). Patients' performance of three of four preventive practices-taking medications for diabetes as prescribed, performing daily self-examination of the feet, and going for an eye examination with dilation of the pupils-were also associated with higher satisfaction scores (P <0.05). Conclusion: Quality of diabetes care was positively associated with patient satisfaction with provider of care. Prospective studies are needed to confirm this association and its direction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Narayan, KMV (reprint author), Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MED ASSOC PI WASHINGON PA 1012 10TH ST, N W, WASHINGON, DC 20001 USA SN 0027-9684 J9 J NATL MED ASSOC JI J. Natl. Med. Assoc. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 95 IS 1 BP 64 EP 70 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 676TU UT WOS:000182769100008 PM 12656451 ER PT J AU Lin, HM Williamson, JM Lipsitz, SR AF Lin, HM Williamson, JM Lipsitz, SR TI Calculating power for the comparison of dependent kappa-coefficients SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES C-APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Article DE agreement; generalized estimating equations; kappa; power; sample size ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; SAMPLE-SIZE REQUIREMENTS; ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; AGREEMENT; REGRESSION AB In the psychosocial and medical sciences, some studies are designed to assess the agreement between different raters and/or different instruments. Often the same sample will be used to compare the agreement between two or more assessment methods for simplicity and to take advantage of the positive correlation of the ratings. Although sample size calculations have become an important element in the design of research projects, such methods for agreement studies are scarce. We adapt the generalized estimating equations approach for modelling dependent kappa-statistics to estimate the sample size that is required for dependent agreement studies. We calculate the power based on a Wald test for the equality of two dependent kappa-statistics. The Wald test statistic has a non-central chi(2)-distribution with non-centrality parameter that can be estimated with minimal assumptions. The method proposed is useful for agreement studies with two raters and two instruments, and is easily extendable to multiple raters and multiple instruments. Furthermore, the method proposed allows for rater bias. Power calculations for binary ratings under various scenarios are presented. Analyses of two biomedical studies are used for illustration. C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Lin, HM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, POB 855,A210,600 Centreview Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 21 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0035-9254 J9 J ROY STAT SOC C-APP JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. C-Appl. Stat. PY 2003 VL 52 BP 391 EP 404 DI 10.1111/1467-9876.00412 PN 4 PG 14 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 733ZY UT WOS:000186031800001 ER PT J AU Dowling, NF Austin, H Dilley, A Whitsett, C Evatt, BL Hooper, WC AF Dowling, NF Austin, H Dilley, A Whitsett, C Evatt, BL Hooper, WC TI The epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in Caucasians and African-Americans: the GATE Study SO JOURNAL OF THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE epidemiology; factor V Leiden; prothrombin; venous thromboembolism ID FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C; COAGULATION-FACTOR-V; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; COMMON MUTATION; RISK; PROTHROMBIN AB The aim of this study was to assess, comprehensively, medical and genetic attributes of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in a multiracial American population. The Genetic Attributes and Thrombosis Epidemiology (GATE) study is an ongoing case-control study in Atlanta, Georgia, designed to examine racial differences in VTE etiology and pathogenesis. Between 1998 and 2001, 370 inpatients with confirmed VTE, and 250 control subjects were enrolled. Data collected included blood specimens for DNA and plasma analysis and a medical lifestyle history questionnaire. Comparing VTE cases, cancer, recent surgery, and immobilization were more common in caucasian cases, while hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease were more prevalent in African-American cases. Family history of VTE was reported with equal frequency by cases of both races (28-29%). Race-adjusted odds ratios for the associations of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations were 3.1 (1.5, 6.7) and 1.9 (0.8, 4.4), respectively. Using a larger external comparison group, the odds ratio for the prothrombin mutation among Caucasians was a statistically significant 2.5 (1.4, 4.3). A case-only analysis revealed a near significant interaction between the two mutations among Caucasians. We found that clinical characteristics of VTE patients differed across race groups. Family history of VTE was common in white and black patients, yet known genetic risk factors for VTE are rare in African-American populations. Our findings underscore the need to determine gene polymorphisms associated with VTE in African-Americans. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div HIV STD & TB Lab Res, Haematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. RP Dowling, NF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div HIV STD & TB Lab Res, Haematol Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 100 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBL LTD PI OXFORD PA 108 COWLEY RD, OXFORD OX4 1JF, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1538-7933 J9 J THROMB HAEMOST JI J. Thromb. Haemost. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 1 IS 1 BP 80 EP 87 DI 10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00031.x PG 8 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 681CG UT WOS:000183018900015 PM 12871543 ER PT J AU Schier, JG Traub, SJ Hoffman, RS Nelson, LS AF Schier, JG Traub, SJ Hoffman, RS Nelson, LS TI Ephedrine-induced cardiac ischemia: Exposure confirmed with a serum level SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY-CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Congress of European Poison Centers and Clinical Toxicologists CY MAY, 2003 CL ROME, ITALY DE ephedrine; cardiac; ischemia ID SINICA MA-HUANG; DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS; PHARMACOKINETICS; ALKALOIDS; PHARMACOLOGY AB The temporal association of symptoms consistent with ephedrine toxicity after ingestion of ephedrine-containing dietary supplements is heavily relied upon to confirm exposure. Few reports in the literature attempt to associate toxicity with serum levels of these drugs. We report a case of ephedrine-induced cardiac ischemia confirmed by a plasma level. A 22-year-old woman ingesting an ephedrine- and caffeine-containing product for 2 days presented with multiple symptoms, including palpitations, nausea, tremulousness, abdominal pain, and vomiting. The initial electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed a normal sinus rhythm with I mm of ST segment depression in leads V3 and V4, along with inverted T waves in leads V1-V4. Her symptoms and ST segment depression resolved over several hours with medical management. The amplitude of her T wave inversions notably diminished with therapy; however, they did not completely resolve. Troponins at presentation and the following morning were negative, and an echocardiogram showed only trace tricuspid regurgitation. A serum ephedrine level, drawn approximately 6 to 7 hr after ingestion, was 150 ng/mL. She was discharged from the hospital after being instructed to avoid ephedrine-containing products. C1 NYC Poison Control Ctr, New York, NY USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Emergency Med, Div Toxicol, Boston, MA USA. RP Schier, JG (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, EHHE, HSB, MS E-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Schier, Joshua/F-9861-2013 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0731-3810 J9 J TOXICOL-CLIN TOXIC JI J. Toxicol.-Clin. Toxicol. PY 2003 VL 41 IS 6 BP 849 EP 853 DI 10.1081/CLT-120025350 PG 5 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 750PN UT WOS:000187005100010 PM 14677795 ER PT J AU Khuroo, MS Kamili, S AF Khuroo, MS Kamili, S TI Aetiology, clinical course and outcome of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in pregnancy SO JOURNAL OF VIRAL HEPATITIS LA English DT Article DE fulminant hepatic failure; hepatitis E; hepatitis E virus; liver diseases in pregnancy; pregnancy; viral hepatitis ID NON-B HEPATITIS; E VIRUS; NON-A; RISK-FACTORS; INDIA; POPULATION; FAILURE AB Hepatitis E causes large-scale epidemics in endemic areas. The disease, during epidemics, has increased incidence and severity in pregnant women. Sporadic acute viral hepatitis (AVH) is common in endemic areas. The relationship of sporadic AVH and pregnancy has not been well studied. Over a 3-year period we prospectively studied 76 pregnant women and 337 non-pregnant women of childbearing age with sporadic acute viral hepatitis for aetiology, clinical course and outcome of disease. The aetiology in sporadic AVH was hepatitis A virus (HAV) in six (1.5%), hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 62 (15%), hepatitis C virus (HCV) in seven (1.7%), hepatitis D virus (HDV) co-infection in six (1.5%), hepatitis E virus (HEV) in 205 (49.6%), and hepatitis non-A-to-E (HNAE) in 127 (30.7%). Sixty-five (85.5%) pregnant women and 140 (41.5%) nonpregnant women had hepatitis E. The proportion of pregnant women was 31.7% in HEV group and 5.3% in non-HEV group [P < 0.001; OR=8.3 (95%C1 4.2-16.3)]. The prevalence of HEV in pregnant women in first trimester (76.9%), second trimester (88.9%), third trimester (83.8%) and puerperium (100%) did not differ significantly (P = 0.09). Forty-seven (61.8%) of the 76 pregnant women developed fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), 69.2% in HEV group and 10% in non-HEV group (P < 0.001). Thirty-four (10.1%) nonpregnant women developed fulminant hepatic failure, 10% in HEV group and 9.7% in non-HEV group (P = 0.86). FHF had occurred in four (40%) of 10 patients with HE in first trimester as against 41 (74.5%) of 55 patients in second trimester and beyond (P = 0.015). Amongst the major complications of fulminant hepatic failure, cerebral oedema (53.2%) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (21.3%) occurred more often in pregnant women than in nonpregnant women (29.4% and 2.8%; P = 0.03 and 0.016, respectively) while infections occurred more often in nonpregnant women (36.1%) than in pregnant women (10.6%; P = 0.003). Fifty (61.7%) patients with FHF died [25 (53.2%) pregnant women and 25 (69.5%) nonpregnant women (P = 0.06)]. Cerebral oedema and HEV aetiology were independent variables of survival in patients with FHF. Patients with cerebral oedema had worse prognosis and patients with HEV aetiology had best chances of survival. Hence HEV was the most common cause of sporadic AVH in this endemic area. High proportion of pregnant women and increased severity of disease in pregnancy were limited to patients with hepatitis E. Sporadic AVH caused by agents other than HEV did not show any special predilection to or increased severity in pregnancy. FHF in pregnant women caused by HEV was an explosive disease with short pre- encephalopathy period, rapid development of cerebral oedema and high occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation and may represent a severe manifestation of a Schwartzmann-like phenomenon. C1 King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Med, Gastroenterol Sect, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. Sher I Kashmir Inst Med Srinagar, Dept Gastroenterol, Kashmir, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Expt Pathol Sect, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Khuroo, MS (reprint author), King Faisal Specialist Hosp & Res Ctr, Dept Med, Gastroenterol Sect, POB 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. RI Huang, Linlu/H-3410-2011; OI Khuroo, Mohammad/0000-0003-2823-8814 NR 33 TC 126 Z9 137 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1352-0504 J9 J VIRAL HEPATITIS JI J. Viral Hepatitis PD JAN PY 2003 VL 10 IS 1 BP 61 EP 69 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2893.2003.00398.x PG 9 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 639ZD UT WOS:000180659800011 PM 12558914 ER PT J AU Hussain, AI Johnson, JA Freire, MD Heneine, W AF Hussain, AI Johnson, JA Freire, MD Heneine, W TI Identification and characterization of avian retroviruses in chicken embryo-derived yellow fever vaccines: Investigation of transmission to vaccine recipients SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE ACTIVITY; LEUKOSIS VIRUS; MUMPS VACCINES; SUBGROUP-E; MEASLES; ASSAY; LOCUS; EAV-0; RNA AB All currently licensed yellow fever (YF) vaccines are propagated in chicken embryos. Recent studies of chick cell-derived measles and mumps vaccines show evidence of two types of retrovirus particles, the endogenous avian retrovirus (EAV) and the endogenous avian leukosis virus (ALV-E), which originate from the chicken embryonic fibroblast substrates. In this study, we investigated substrate-derived avian retrovirus contamination in YF vaccines currently produced by three manufacturers (YF-vax [Connaught Laboratories], Stamaril [Aventis], and YF-FIOCRUZ [FIOCRUZ-Bio-Manguinhos]). Testing for reverse transcriptase (RT) activity was not possible because of assay inhibition. However, Western blot analysis of virus pellets with anti-ALV RT antiserum detected three distinct RT proteins in all vaccines, indicating that more than one source is responsible for the RTs present in the vaccines. PCR analysis of both chicken substrate DNA and particle-associated RNA from the YF vaccines showed no evidence of the long terminal repeat sequences of exogenous ALV subgroups A to D in any of the vaccines. In contrast, both ALV-E and EAV particle-associated RNA were detected at equivalent titers in each vaccine by RT-PCR. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed 61,600, 348,000, and 1,665,000 ALV-E RNA copies per dose of Stamaril, YF-FIOCRUZ, and YF-vax vaccines, respectively. ev locus-specific PCR testing of the vaccine-associated chicken substrate DNA was positive both for the nondefective ev-12 locus in two vaccines and for the defective ev-1 locus in all three vaccines. Both intact and ev-1 pol sequences were also identified in the particle-associated RNA. To investigate the risks of transmission, serum samples from 43 YF vaccine recipients were studied. None of the samples were seropositive by an ALV-E-based Western blot assay or had detectable EAV or ALV-E RNA sequences by RT-PCR. YF vaccines produced by the three manufacturers all have particles containing EAV genomes and various levels of defective or nondefective ALV-E sequences. The absence of evidence of infection with ALV-E or EAV in 43 YF vaccine recipients suggests low risks for transmission of these viruses, further supporting the safety of these vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS, STD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fund Oswaldo Cruz, Bio Manguinhos, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS, STD, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 77 IS 2 BP 1105 EP 1111 DI 10.1128/JVI.77.2.1105-1111.2003 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 631KH UT WOS:000180166600030 PM 12502826 ER PT J AU Ahluwalia, IB Holtzman, D Mack, KA Mokdad, A AF Ahluwalia, IB Holtzman, D Mack, KA Mokdad, A TI Health-related quality of life among women of reproductive age: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), 1998-2001 SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY; STATES; MEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Extramural Prevent Res, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ahluwalia, IB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 12 IS 1 BP 5 EP 9 DI 10.1089/154099903321154086 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 651WD UT WOS:000181344400001 PM 12639363 ER PT J AU Richmond, JY Nesby-O'Dell, S AF Richmond, JY Nesby-O'Dell, S TI Biosecurity for animal facilities and associated laboratories SO LAB ANIMAL LA English DT Article ID CONTAMINATION; OUTBREAK AB Although working with human pathogens and zoonotic agents has always carried a certain degree of danger, current events have resulted in an increased focus on the subject, including new regulations. The authors discuss a number of risk assessment and management activities that animal research facilities should use to evaluate strengthen their current programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, External Activ Branch, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Richmond, JY (reprint author), Jonathan Richmond & Associates Inc, POB 11023, Southport, NC 28461 USA. NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 0093-7355 J9 LAB ANIMAL JI Lab Anim. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 32 IS 1 BP 32 EP 35 DI 10.1038/laban0103-32 PG 4 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 635GE UT WOS:000180390100007 PM 12509785 ER PT J AU Cashing, MM Brat, DJ Mosunjac, MI Guasch, A Hennigar, RA Jemigan, D Petersen, L Goldsmith, C Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Zaki, SR AF Cashing, MM Brat, DJ Mosunjac, MI Guasch, A Hennigar, RA Jemigan, D Petersen, L Goldsmith, C Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Zaki, SR TI Fatal west nile virus infection in renal transplant recipient SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 6 BP 5A EP 5A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732500021 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Tatti, K Paddock, C Bartlett, J Ferebee-Harris, T Greer, PW Montague, J Morken, T Smith, C Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Tatti, K Paddock, C Bartlett, J Ferebee-Harris, T Greer, PW Montague, J Morken, T Smith, C Zaki, SR TI Pathology and immunohistochemistry of inhalation anthrax after bioterrorist attack, October 2001 SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anthrax Working Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 1199 BP 263A EP 263A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732501212 ER PT J AU Havens, JM Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Guamer, J Smith, C Sjostedt, A Page, DL Scott, MA Lamps, LW AF Havens, JM Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Guamer, J Smith, C Sjostedt, A Page, DL Scott, MA Lamps, LW TI Histologic and molecular diagnosis of tularemia: A potential bioterrorism agent endemic to north America SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Umea Univ, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Little Rock, AR USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 1201 BP 263A EP 263A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732501214 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Paddock, C Smith, C Tatti, K Morken, T Greer, P Ferebee-Harris, T Bartlett, J Montague, J Zaki, SR AF Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Paddock, C Smith, C Tatti, K Morken, T Greer, P Ferebee-Harris, T Bartlett, J Montague, J Zaki, SR TI Pathologic diagnosis of bioterrorism-related cutaneous anthrax SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anthrax Working Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0023-6837 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1 MA 1205 BP 264A EP 264A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 641EU UT WOS:000180732501218 ER PT J AU Hofherr, LK Francis, DP Peddecord, KM Krolak, JM AF Hofherr, LK Francis, DP Peddecord, KM Krolak, JM TI A census survey and profile of clinical laboratory scientists, University of Minnesota SO LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TECHNOLOGISTS REPORT C1 San Diego State Univ, Lab Assurance Program, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice, Assessment Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hofherr, LK (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Lab Assurance Program, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLIN PATHOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0007-5027 J9 LAB MED JI Lab. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 29 EP 34 DI 10.1092/QXRMLHBPP2XPCLE PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 626XY UT WOS:000179900200031 ER PT J AU Gerrish, PJ Garcia-Lerma, JG AF Gerrish, PJ Garcia-Lerma, JG TI Mutation rate and the efficacy of antimicrobial drug treatment SO LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; MULLERS RATCHET; LETHAL MUTAGENESIS; POPULATION; FITNESS; EVOLUTION; REPLICATION; ANALOGS; HIV AB Despite rapid progress in drug development, microbial infections in general are becoming increasingly difficult to treat as a result of the emergence of drug-resistant strains. In some cases, such as HIV-1, the early goal of eradicating infections with antimicrobial drugs is, for now, being replaced with the more pragmatic goal of controlling infections over long periods of time through a succession of transiently effective treatments. Because treatment efficacy is often incomplete, studying the degree of treatment efficacy has great relevance to clinical disease management. We derived a model describing the association between the mutation rate of the pathogen and the degree of treatment efficacy. We found that drug treatment is most effective when the mutation rate of the pathogen is either very low or, perhaps counterintuitively, very high. We discuss this finding in the light of a promising new treatment strategy for RNA viruses that combines antiviral compounds with a mutagen. C1 Inst Mexicano Petr, Programa Invest Matemat Aplicadas & Computac, Dept Appl Math, Mexico City 07730, DF, Mexico. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gerrish, PJ (reprint author), Inst Mexicano Petr, Programa Invest Matemat Aplicadas & Computac, Dept Appl Math, Mexico City 07730, DF, Mexico. OI Gerrish, Philip/0000-0001-6393-0553 NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 1473-3099 J9 LANCET INFECT DIS JI Lancet Infect. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 3 IS 1 BP 28 EP 32 DI 10.1016/S1473-3099(03)00485-7 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 632AU UT WOS:000180201400022 PM 12505030 ER PT J AU Watabe, M Rao, JR Stewart, TA Xu, J Millar, BC Xiao, L Lowery, CJ Dooley, JSG Moore, JE AF Watabe, M Rao, JR Stewart, TA Xu, J Millar, BC Xiao, L Lowery, CJ Dooley, JSG Moore, JE TI Prevalence of bacterial faecal pathogens in separated and unseparated stored pig slurry SO LETTERS IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Campylobacter; faeces; pathogen; pig; Salmonella; separation; slurry ID SALMONELLA; SURVIVAL; TYPHIMURIUM AB Aims: To examine the prevalence and diversity of bacterial faecal pathogens in unseparated slurry, separated solids and liquid fractions from a commercial pig farm. Methods: A total of 43 stored slurry specimens originating from a fattening house over the period February-April 2002 were analysed, consisting of unseparated (n = 14) slurry, separated solids (n = 16) and separated liquid (n = 13). Specimens were examined for the presence of five bacterial pathogens including Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli O157 and Yersinia enterocolitica . Selective enrichment and plating methods were employed for detection of Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. and conventional selective plating techniques for the remaining genera. Antibiogram profiles to 12 antibiotic agents were obtained for all Salmonella isolates obtained. Results: Salmonella spp. were identified in all components of the slurry specimens, whereas Campylobacter spp. was only recovered from the unseparated and separated liquid fractions. In both cases, the separated liquid fraction had the highest prevalence of pathogens and the separated solid fraction had the lowest prevalence. None of the slurry specimens examined were positive for E. coli O157:H7, Shigella spp. or Y. enterocolitica . Twenty-nine isolates of Salmonella were recovered from the slurry specimens, comprising seven serovars, of which Salmonella manhattan was the most prevalent, accounting for over half [15 of 29 (51.7%)] of all Salmonella isolates. Salmonella anatum , Salm. derby , Salm. give , Salm. heidelberg , Salm. simi and Salm. stanley serovars were also recovered. All Salmonella isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanic acid), chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, kanamycin and trimethoprim, but has variable resistance to tetracycline (100%), sulphonamides (84.6%), furazolidone (38.5%), nalidixic acid (15.4%) and streptomycin (15.4%). The majority (57.7%) of isolates displayed antibiotic resistance to at least two antibiotic agents, followed by 34.6% of isolates being resistant to three agents and the remainder (7.7%) being resistant to four antibiotics. Significance and Impact of the Study: This study demonstrated a marked reduction in the prevalence of Campylobacter and Salmonella in the solids component of separated pig slurry. The adoption of control processes such as aeration of slurry prior to its spread onto agricultural land and newer approaches to pathogen reduction should be investigated, to reduce the transmission of pathogens from pig slurry to the environment. C1 Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. Dept Agr & Rural Dev No Ireland, Appl Plant Sci Res Div, Belfast BT9 5PX, Antrim, North Ireland. ApT Solut, Ballyclare BT39 0EA, Antrim, North Ireland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Ulster, Sch Life & Hlth Sci, Coleraine BT52 1SA, Londonderry, North Ireland. RP Moore, JE (reprint author), Belfast City Hosp, Dept Bacteriol, No Ireland Publ Hlth Lab, Lisburn Rd, Belfast BT9 7AD, Antrim, North Ireland. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Dooley, James/0000-0002-9459-5572 NR 11 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0266-8254 J9 LETT APPL MICROBIOL JI Lett. Appl. Microbiol. PY 2003 VL 36 IS 4 BP 208 EP 212 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 657DL UT WOS:000181650100004 PM 12641712 ER PT S AU Westerman, LE Jensen, PE AF Westerman, Larry E. Jensen, Peter E. BE Duzgunes, N TI Liposomes Composed of Reconstituted Membranes for Induction of Tumor-Specific Immunity SO LIPOSOMES, PT C SE Methods in Enzymology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID PHOSPHOLIPID VESICLE FORMATION; ANTITUMOR IMMUNITY; B7-2 CD86; T-CELLS; BINDING; SOLUBILIZATION; MOLECULES; ANTIGEN; LIGAND C1 [Westerman, Larry E.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, VGS, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. [Jensen, Peter E.] Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Westerman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, VGS, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 BN 978-0-08-049712-9; 978-0-12-182276-7 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2003 VL 373 BP 118 EP 127 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BCG15 UT WOS:000310142100009 PM 14714400 ER PT J AU Finitzo, T Grosse, S AF Finitzo, T Grosse, S TI Quality monitoring for early hearing detection and intervention programs to optimize performance SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE EHDI; benchmark; quality monitoring; quality assurance ID CHILDREN AB The purpose of this chapter is to review the principles of quality monitoring for newborn screening programs at both a hospital and a public health level. The focus is on quality assurance in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI). The chapter addresses the need for a systems approach to quality, beginning with the birth screening, moving to follow-up re-screening and on to confirmatory evaluations and life-long intervention and management for the infants identified with permanent hearing loss. Benchmarks are identified to assist those involved in establishing programs or in improving program performance. As the use of electronic information systems in EHDI becomes widespread, the importance of strict computer-based logic rules to assure patient privacy is addressed. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Finitzo, T (reprint author), OZ Syst, Performance Support Serv, 2515 McKinney Ave,Suite 850, Dallas, TX 75201 USA. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1080-4013 J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. PY 2003 VL 9 IS 2 BP 73 EP 78 DI 10.1002/mrdd.10062 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 688AL UT WOS:000183409900004 PM 12784224 ER PT J AU Yang, J Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Talkington, DF AF Yang, J Hooper, WC Phillips, DJ Talkington, DF TI Interleukin-1 beta responses to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection are cell-type specific SO MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE cytokine; interleukin-1 beta; caspase-1; caspase-1 inhibitor; Mycoplasma pneumoniae ID NF-KAPPA-B; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-KINASE; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; SIGNAL-REGULATED KINASE; LUNG EPITHELIAL-CELLS; RECEPTOR EXPRESSION; 45-KDA PRECURSOR; AP-1 ACTIVATION; VIRUS-INFECTION; FAMILY MEMBER AB Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) is a major proinflammatory cytokine that is involved in many important cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, and activation of different cell types. Its mature form is released from the cells in response to various bacterial and viral infections, and it plays a significant role in host defense. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a small bacterium without a cell wall that causes tracheobronchitis and atypical pneumonia in humans following attachment to respiratory epithelium, as well as extrapulmonary infections. Very little is known about the role of cytokines in pathogenesis or the response of target cells to M.pneumoniae attachment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of M. pneumoniae to induce IL-1beta in human lung epithelial carcinoma A549 and in human monocytic U937 cell lines. Following M. pneumoniae infection, both IL-1beta mRNA and protein were induced in A549 cells vs. no induction in uninfected cells; however, the protein remained inside the A549 cells. Similarly, M. pneumoniae infection strongly increased mRNA and extracellular protein levels in U937 cells, which unlike A549 cells did exhibit baseline constitutive levels. De novo IL-1beta protein expression was verified by cycloheximide studies. M. pneumoniae infection did not affect constitutive caspase-1 mRNA or protein levels in either cell line. Reduced caspase-1 activity in A549 cell lysates suggests the presence of an endogenous caspase-1 inhibitory component in the A549 cells. These collective data confirm previous studies that show that M. pneumoniae is a potent inducer of cytokines following adherence to host target cells, and establish that IL-1beta release in response to M. pneumoniae infection is cell-type specific, thus emphasizing the importance of carefully considering multiple cell types in M. pneumoniae pathogenesis studies involving both immune cells and cytokine release patterns. . C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis, TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Talkington, DF (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G03,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dft1@cdc.gov NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0882-4010 J9 MICROB PATHOGENESIS JI Microb. Pathog. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 17 EP 25 DI 10.1016/S0882-4010(02)00190-0 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 658QN UT WOS:000181731800003 PM 12620381 ER PT J AU Tanaka, II Anno, IS Leite, SRD Cooksey, RC Leite, CQF AF Tanaka, II Anno, IS Leite, SRD Cooksey, RC Leite, CQF TI Comparison of a multiplex-PCR assay with mycolic acids analysis and conventional methods for the identification of mycobacteria SO MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE multiplex-PCR; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Mycobacterium avium; Mycobacterium chelonae; mycolic acids analysis; classical procedures for identification ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX; AVIUM COMPLEX; BRAZIL; INTRACELLULARE AB A fast, sensitive and cost-effective multiplex-PCR assay for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) identification for routine diagnosis was evaluated. A total of 158 isolates of mycobacteria from 448 clinical specimens from patients with symptoms of mycobacterial disease were analyzed. By conventional biochemical methods 151 isolates were identified as M. tuberculosis, five as M. avium and two as Mycobacterium chelonae (M. chelonae). Mycolic acid patterns confirmed these results. Multiplex-PCR detected only IS6110 in isolates identified as MTC, and IS1245 was found only in the M. avium isolates. The method applied to isolates from two patients, identified by conventional methods and mycolic acid analysis, one as M. avium and other as M. chelonae, resulted positive for IS6110, suggesting co-infection with M. tuberculosis. These patients were successfully submitted to tuberculosis treatment. The multiplex-PCR method may offer expeditious identification of MTC and M. avium, which may minimize risks for active transmission of these organisms and provide useful treatment information. C1 UNESP, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Dept Ciencias Biol, BR-14801902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Fac Med Marilia, Marilia, SP, Brazil. UNESP, Inst Quim, BR-14801902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Leite, CQF (reprint author), UNESP, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Dept Ciencias Biol, Araraquara Jau Km 01, BR-14801902 Araraquara, SP, Brazil. RI Leite, Clarice/D-9492-2012 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER ACADEMIC PUBL JAPAN PI TOKYO PA 2-4-16 YAYOI, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0032, JAPAN SN 0385-5600 J9 MICROBIOL IMMUNOL JI Microbiol. Immunol. PY 2003 VL 47 IS 5 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA 675ZF UT WOS:000182726900001 PM 12825891 ER PT J AU Cushing, MM Brat, DJ Mosunjac, MI Guasch, A Hennigar, RA Jernigan, D Petersen, L Goldsmith, C Shieh, WJ Guarner, I Zaki, SR AF Cushing, MM Brat, DJ Mosunjac, MI Guasch, A Hennigar, RA Jernigan, D Petersen, L Goldsmith, C Shieh, WJ Guarner, I Zaki, SR TI Fatal West Nile virus infection in renal transplant recipient SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 MA A6 BP 5A EP 5A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 640ZY UT WOS:000180720100020 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Tatti, K Paddock, C Bartlett, J Ferebee-Harris, T Greer, PW Montague, J Morken, T Smith, C Zaki, SR AF Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Tatti, K Paddock, C Bartlett, J Ferebee-Harris, T Greer, PW Montague, J Morken, T Smith, C Zaki, SR CA Anthrax Working Grp TI Pathology and immunohistochemistry of inhalation anthrax after bioterrorist attack, October 2001 SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anthrax Working Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 MA 1199 BP 263A EP 263A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 640ZY UT WOS:000180720101209 ER PT J AU Havens, JM Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Guarner, J Smith, C Sjostedt, A Page, DL Scott, MA Lamps, LW AF Havens, JM Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Guarner, J Smith, C Sjostedt, A Page, DL Scott, MA Lamps, LW TI Histologic and molecular diagnosis of tularemia: A potential bioterrorism agent endemic to North America SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, DC SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Univ Arkansas, Little Rock, AR 72204 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Umea Univ, S-90187 Umea, Sweden. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Syst, Little Rock, AR USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 MA 1201 BP 263A EP 263A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 640ZY UT WOS:000180720101211 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Paddock, C Smith, C Tatti, K Morken, T Greer, P Ferebee-Harris, T Bartlett, J Montague, J Zaki, SR AF Shieh, WJ Guarner, J Paddock, C Smith, C Tatti, K Morken, T Greer, P Ferebee-Harris, T Bartlett, J Montague, J Zaki, SR CA Cutaneous Anthrax Working Grp TI Pathologic diagnosis of bioterrorism-related cutaneous anthrax SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 92nd Annual Meeting of the United-States-and-Canadian-Academy-of-Pathology CY MAR 22-28, 2003 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US & Canadian Acad Pathol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cutaneous Anthrax Working Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-3952 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 16 IS 1 MA 1205 BP 264A EP 264A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 640ZY UT WOS:000180720101215 ER PT J AU Gillum, R AF Gillum, Richard TI Distribution of Serum Total Homocysteine and Its Association with Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk Factors of the Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Mexican American Men: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO NUTRITION JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Background: Few data have been published on the association of variables of the insulin resistance syndrome and serum total homocysteine (tHcy), a putative risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity, in representative samples of total populations or in Hispanic Americans. Methods: To describe the distributions of serum tHcy concentration and variables associated with insulin resistance in Mexican American men and to assess their association, data from a cross-sectional survey of a large national sample, the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Analyses were restricted to Mexican American men aged 40-74 years with data on glycated hemoglobin (%), body mass index (BMI), body fat distribution, HDL cholesterol, fasting serum insulin, serum triglycerides and serum tHcy concentrations. Results: Cumulative distributions of serum tHcy shifted to the right with increasing age. Log serum tHcy was not associated with prevalence of diagnosed diabetes mellitus or glycated hemoglobin percent or other risk factors other than age. Log serum tHcy concentration showed borderline significant (p = 0.049) positive association with fasting serum insulin concentration independent of age and BMI, only in men aged 60-74. Conclusion: No consistent association of tHcy with diabetes prevalence or variables of the insulin resistance syndrome were found in Mexican American men aged 40-74 years. Further research is needed on the associations of serum tHcy concentration with insulin resistance and other components of the insulin resistance syndrome in persons of varying ethnicity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Gillum, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM rfg2@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1475-2891 J9 NUTR J JI Nutr. J. PY 2003 VL 2 AR 6 DI 10.1186/1475-2891-2-6 PG 7 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA V40MC UT WOS:000209481700006 PM 12952548 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Mannino, DM Redd, SC Mokdad, AH Galuska, DA Serdula, MK AF Ford, ES Mannino, DM Redd, SC Mokdad, AH Galuska, DA Serdula, MK TI Weight-loss practices and asthma: Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE asthma; counseling; weight loss ID BODY-MASS INDEX; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-STYLE; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; MEDICAL RECORDS; MORBID-OBESITY; SURGERY; HEALTH; INTERVENTIONS AB Objective: To describe weight-control practices and receipt of weight-loss advice among obese people with asthma. Research Methods and Procedures: We analyzed data from the 2000 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results: Among 13,953 participants with current asthma, 27.3% had a body mass index of greater than or equal to30 kg/m(2). Overall, 48.1% of participants with asthma reported trying to lose weight (64.1% among overweight or obese participants and 72.9% among obese participants). Among participants with asthma who were trying to lose or maintain weight, 74.7% reported trying to reduce their energy and/or fat intake, and 57.8% reported using physical activity. Approximately 29.7% were using the recommended combination of energy and/or fat intake reduction and physical activity of greater than or equal to150 min/wk. During the 12 months before the interview, 16.2% of overweight and 44.9% of obese participants with asthma reported receiving advice to lose weight. Among obese participants receiving weight-loss advice, 82.9% reported trying to lose weight compared to 63.8% of participants who did not receive such advice. Discussion: Health professionals can play an important role in educating their Patients with asthma about the importance of weight control and assisting their overweight and obese patients in setting appropriate weight goals and helping them achieve those goals. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS K66, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 11 IS 1 BP 81 EP 86 DI 10.1038/oby.2003.13 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 635QQ UT WOS:000180410700014 PM 12529489 ER PT J AU Page, EH Cook, CK Hater, MA Mueller, CA Grote, AA Mortimer, VD AF Page, EH Cook, CK Hater, MA Mueller, CA Grote, AA Mortimer, VD TI Visual and ocular changes associated with exposure to two tertiary amines SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TRIETHYLAMINE; DISTURBANCES; TOXICITY AB Aims: To determine if exposure to dimethylisopropanolamine (DMIPA) and dimethylaminoethanol (DMAE) in a label printing plant was associated with visual disturbances and/or ocular changes. Methods: Questionnaires, eye examinations (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity at 2.5% and 1.25% contrast, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and pachymetry), and industrial hygiene monitoring for DMIPA and DMAE were performed over a two week period. Results: Eighty nine per cent of line workers reported having experienced blurry vision while at work in the past 12 months, compared to 12.5% of prime workers. A total of 108 full shift personal breathing zone (PBZ) air samples for the amines were collected. The mean time weighted average (TWA) concentration of DMIPA was significantly higher in the line division than in the prime division, as was the mean TWA concentration for total amines. The mean TWA concentration of DMAE was higher in the prime division than the line division. Higher levels of total amines were associated with increased risk of reporting blurry vision, halo vision, and blue-grey vision. The risk of corneal opacity rose with increasing exposure to total amines. The prevalence of corneal opacity also increased with increasing concentration of total amines. Median corneal thickness increased with increasing grades of corneal opacity. There was a statistically significant relation between total amine concentration and increased risk of reduced bilateral visual acuity and 2.5% contrast sensitivity. Conclusions: Exposure to tertiary amines was associated with blurry, halo, and blue-grey vision, corneal opacity, and decrements in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity at 2.5% contrast. C1 CDCP, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Page, EH (reprint author), CDCP, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 60 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 DI 10.1136/oem.60.1.69 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 633ZJ UT WOS:000180314800014 PM 12499461 ER PT J AU Siffel, C Wong, LYC Olney, RS Correa, A AF Siffel, C Wong, LYC Olney, RS Correa, A TI Survival of infants diagnosed with encephalocele in Atlanta, 1979-98 SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; CEPHALOCELE; CHILD; SURVEILLANCE; POPULATION; ANOMALIES AB This study aimed to evaluate the survival of a cohort of liveborn infants diagnosed with encephalocele during a 20-year period and the variation of such survival by selected demographic and clinical characteristics. We reviewed data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) to ascertain all live births diagnosed with encephalocele (n=83) from 1979 to 1998. Of these, 66 (79%) had isolated defects. Among 70 liveborn infants with site of the defect specified, 50 were classified as having posterior and 20 with anterior defects. To identify their vital status, we used data from MACDP hospital records and vital records from the State of Georgia supplemented by linking registry data with the National Death Index from 1979 to 1999. Among children with encephalocele, 76.0% of the deaths (19/25) occurred during the first day of life. The survival probability to 1 year of age was 70.8%[95% confidence intervals (CI) 60.9, 80.7] and to 20 years of age was 67.3%[95% CI 55.7, 78.8]. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with increased mortality were low birthweight (<2500 g) [relative risk (RR) 5.18; 95% CI 2.13, 12.63], presence of multiple defects (RR 2.82; 95% CI 1.19, 6.69) and black race (RR 2.36; 95% CI 0.95, 5.85). Overall survival for infants with multiple defects (41.2%) was significantly poorer than survival among those with isolated defects (74.3%). A 70% decrease in risk of mortality was observed among infants born with encephalocele during 1989-98 compared with those born during 1979-88, but this decrease was evident only among cases with low birthweight (RR 0.29; 95% CI 0.01, 0.90). This study highlights the prognostic importance of multiple defects and low birthweight for infants with encephalocele and identifies a statistically significant difference in survival by race. This information is useful for clinicians and families who must plan for the long-term care of affected children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Correa, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 53 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 17 IS 1 BP 40 EP 48 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00471.x PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 641JB UT WOS:000180740700007 PM 12562471 ER PT J AU Schantz, PM Wang, H Qiu, J Liu, FJ Saito, E Emshoff, A Ito, A Roberts, JM Delker, C AF Schantz, PM Wang, H Qiu, J Liu, FJ Saito, E Emshoff, A Ito, A Roberts, JM Delker, C TI Echinococcosis on the Tibetan Plateau: prevalence and risk factors for cystic and alveolar echinococcosis in Tibetan populations in Qinghai Province, China SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alveolar echinococcosis; cystic echinococcosis; hydatid disease; China; epidemiology; risk factors AB Infections by larval stages of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus (echinococcosis or hydatid disease) are zoonotic infections of major public health importance throughout much of the world. Humans become infected through accidental ingestion of eggs passed in faeces of canid definitive hosts. Tibetan populations of China have some of the highest documented levels of infections by both Echinococcus granulosus and E. multilocularis, the causes of cystic and alveolar echinococcosis, respectively. In this study we measured the prevalence of cystic (CE) and alveolar (AE) echinococcosis disease in Tibetan communities in Qinghai, Province, China, and identified putative risk factors for both infections in these communities. 3703 volunteers in three predominately Tibetan counties of Qinghai were surveyed between June 1997 and June 1998. Parasitic lesions were diagnosed by imaging of characteristic space-occupying lesions in abdominal organs (ultrasound) or the lungs (radiographs). Specific serodiagnostic assays (Dot-ELISA and Em2-ELISA) were performed on sera of positively imaged subjects to further distinguish the disease agent. All participants completed a questionnaire documenting age, sex, education level, occupation, lifestyle (nomadic or settled), slaughter practices, drinking water source, hygienic practice and association with dogs. Data were analyzed using SAS version 8. 6.6% of the volunteers had image-confirmed infection with E. granulosus (CE) and 0.8% had E. multilocularis (AE) infection. The significant univariate factors for echinococcal infection (both CE and AE) included livestock ownership, Tibetan ethnicity, female gender, low income, herding occupation, limited education, water source, age greater than 25 years old, poor hygienic practices, offal disposal practices and dog care. Multivariate analysis revealed that livestock ownership was a significant risk factor for both forms of the disease, as well as age greater than 25 years, female gender, herding occupation, and being nomadic (vs semi-nomadic or settled). No additional significant risk factors were identified among the 344 nomadic participants. Being female and being older than 25 years of age were significant factors among the 1906 semi-nomadic participants. Among the 1445 settled participants, allowing dogs to sleep indoors was statistically significant. Issues such as inadequate assessment of animal ownership, selection bias, disease misclassification, and loss of information may have led to reduction in strength of some risk factor associations and need to be addressed in future epidemiologic analysis of echinococcosis in this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Qinghai Univ, Sch Med, Xining, Qinghai, Peoples R China. Sichuan Ctr Dis Control, Chengdu, Peoples R China. Natl Hydatid Dis Control Ctr, Urumqi, Xinjiang, Peoples R China. Asahikawa Med Coll, Dept Parasitol, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078, Japan. Boulder Lhasa Sister City Project, Boulder, CO USA. RP Schantz, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM PSchantz@cdc.gov RI ito, akira/E-9377-2014 OI ito, akira/0000-0002-5070-9187 NR 16 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4211 USA SN 0031-1820 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PY 2003 VL 127 SU S BP S109 EP S120 DI 10.1017/S0031182003004165 PG 12 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 807IH UT WOS:000220494700010 PM 15027608 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Trout, JM Lewis, EJ Santin, M Zhou, L Lal, AA Xiao, L AF Fayer, R Trout, JM Lewis, EJ Santin, M Zhou, L Lal, AA Xiao, L TI Contamination of Atlantic coast commercial shellfish with Cryptosporidium SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; PARVUM OOCYSTS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; MELEAGRIDIS; GENOTYPE-1; OYSTERS; ISOLATE; HUMANS AB Shellfish (oysters and/or clams) were obtained from 37 commercial harvesting sites in 13 Atlantic coast states from Maine to Florida and one site in New Brunswick, Canada. Gill washings from each of 25 shellfish at each site were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy (IFA) for oocysts of Cryptosporidium. Gill washings from another 25 shellfish at each site were grouped into five pools of five shellfish each. DNA from each pool was utilized for PCR and genotyping. Oocysts were found in 3.7% of 925 oysters and clams examined by IFA in shellfish from New Brunswick and 11 of 13 states. Cryptosporidium DNA was detected by PCR in 35.2% of 185 pools. Cryptosporidium parvum genotypes 1 and 2, and Cryptosporidium meleagridis, all of which have been identified in infected humans, were identified at 37.8% of the sites. Gill washings from every site were tested for the presence of infectious oocysts by biological assay in neonatal BALB/c mice but no mice were found infected, suggesting that either the oocysts were no longer infectious or infections in mice were below the level of detection. Collectively, these findings indicate that Cryptosporidium species, indicative of pollution from human and animal feces and potentially infectious for humans, were found in commercial shellfish from 64.9% of sites examined along the Atlantic coast by either microscopy or molecular testing. Previous reports link periods of high rainfall with the elevated numbers of pathogen contaminated shellfish. Because shellfish in the present study were examined during a period of exceptionally low precipitation, the data are thought to underestimate the number of Cryptosporidium contaminated shellfish likely to be found during periods of normal or above normal precipitation. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Prevent Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 24 TC 41 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 89 IS 2 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1007/s00436-002-0734-0 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 642TF UT WOS:000180820000011 PM 12489014 ER PT J AU Ansari, NA Kombe, AH Kenyon, TA Mazhani, L Binkin, N Tappero, JW Gebrekristos, T Nyirenda, S Lucas, SB AF Ansari, NA Kombe, AH Kenyon, TA Mazhani, L Binkin, N Tappero, JW Gebrekristos, T Nyirenda, S Lucas, SB TI Pathology and causes of death in a series of human immunodeficiency virus-positive and -negative pediatric referral hospital admissions in Botswana SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency; syndrome; pathology; mortality; autopsy; Botswana ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; ACQUIRED HIV-INFECTION; CHILDREN; MANIFESTATIONS; INFANTS; DISEASE; TYPE-1; AFRICA AB Background Little is known about causes of death among children seriously affected by the AIDS epidemic in southern African countries. Methods. Autopsies were performed on 47 children I month to 13 years of age in Francistown, Botswana, between July 1997 and July 1998. Results. Median age was 10 months; 68% were HIV-positive. The leading cause of death was respiratory infection, accounting for 29 of 35 (83%) deaths among HfV-positive and 8 of 12 (67%) deaths among HIV-negative children. Among HIV-positive children, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) was responsible for 31% of all deaths and for 48% of deaths in infants :51 year. Among children :52 years with cough and dyspnea, age less than or equal to1 year, interstitial infiltrate and HIV positivity were highly predictive of PCP (sensitivity, 100%; specificity, 63%). Conclusion. Respiratory disease accounted for most deaths in HIV-positive children. Children :51 year who are known or suspected to be HIVpositive and who have cough, dyspnea and pulmonary infiltrates should be treated presumptively for PCP. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Guys Kings & St Thomas Sch Med, Dept Histopathol, London, England. Nyangabgwe Hosp, Dept Pediat, Francestown, Botswana. RP Ansari, NA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 22 IS 1 BP 43 EP 47 DI 10.1097/00006454-200301000-00013 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 636KY UT WOS:000180455900008 PM 12544408 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Gibbons, RV Belay, ED Parashar, UD Maddox, RA Powell, KE Schonberger, LB AF Holman, RC Gibbons, RV Belay, ED Parashar, UD Maddox, RA Powell, KE Schonberger, LB TI Kawasaki syndrome in Georgia, USA, 1997-1998: Evaluating the usefulness of hospital discharge data for surveillance SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 7th International Kawasaki Disease Symposium CY DEC 04-07, 2001 CL HAKONE, JAPAN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 53 IS 1 MA 53 BP 167 EP 167 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 630ZW UT WOS:000180142800078 ER PT J AU Abramson, JS Baker, CJ Baltimore, RS Bocchini, JA Long, SS McMmillan, JA Meissner, HC Powell, KR Prober, CG Rennels, MB Saari, TN Weiner, LB Swanson, J Embree, J Fischer, MA Mahoney, M Gellin, BG Makhene, M Orenstein, WA Pratt, DR Starke, JR Pickering, LK Ledbetter, EO Cook, M AF Abramson, JS Baker, CJ Baltimore, RS Bocchini, JA Long, SS McMmillan, JA Meissner, HC Powell, KR Prober, CG Rennels, MB Saari, TN Weiner, LB Swanson, J Embree, J Fischer, MA Mahoney, M Gellin, BG Makhene, M Orenstein, WA Pratt, DR Starke, JR Pickering, LK Ledbetter, EO Cook, M CA Comm Infect Dis TI Recommended childhood and adolescent immunization schedule - United States, 2003 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article C1 Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Infect Dis, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Pediat Practice Act Grp, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Acad Family Phys, Leawood, KS 66211 USA. Natl Vaccine Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. Amer Thorac Soc, New York, NY 10019 USA. RP Abramson, JS (reprint author), Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Infect Dis, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 212 EP 212 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 630XC UT WOS:000180135200051 ER PT J AU Singleton, R Bulkow, LR Karron, RA Harrison, LH AF Singleton, R Bulkow, LR Karron, RA Harrison, LH TI Why no effect of maternal respiratory syncytial virus-neutralizing antibody? Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. RP Singleton, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 219 EP 220 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 630XC UT WOS:000180135200055 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Khan, LK AF Freedman, DS Khan, LK TI Prediction of adult overweight from childhood body mass index and not childhood height - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter ID BMI C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 BP 225 EP 225 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 630XC UT WOS:000180135200062 ER PT J AU Mallory, MD Shay, DK Garrett, J Bordley, WC AF Mallory, MD Shay, DK Garrett, J Bordley, WC TI Bronchiolitis management preferences and the influence of pulse oximetry and respiratory rate on the decision to admit SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE bronchiolitis; bronchodilators; steroids; nasal suction; pulse oximetry; practice variation ID PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; NEBULIZED ALBUTEROL; HOSPITALIZED INFANTS; RACEMIC EPINEPHRINE; WHEEZING INFANTS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; US CHILDREN; VITAMIN-A; EFFICACY AB Objective. High incidence, rising admission rates, and relatively ineffective therapies make the management of bronchiolitis controversial. Since 1980, the rate of hospitalization for children with bronchiolitis has increased by nearly 250%, whereas mortality rates for the disease have remained constant. It has been speculated that the increasing use of pulse oximetry has lowered the threshold for admission and may have contributed to the rise in bronchiolitis-related admissions. The objective of this study was to describe pediatric emergency medicine physicians' management preferences regarding infants with moderately severe bronchiolitis and to assess the influence of specific differences in oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry (SpO(2)) and respiratory rate (RR) on the decision to admit. Methods. Physicians who are members of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section of Emergency Medicine and living in the United States were randomized into 4 groups and mailed a survey that contained 1 of 4 vignettes. Vignettes were identical except for given SpO(2) values (94% or 92%) and RR (50/min or 65/min). Subjects were asked to answer questions regarding laboratory tests, treatment options, and the decision to admit for the patient in their vignette. Results. We received completed surveys from 519 (64%) of the 812 physicians contacted. Most respondents recommended use of bronchodilators (96%), nasal suction (82%), and supplemental oxygen (57%). Few respondents recommended decongestants (9%), steroids (8%), or antibiotics (2%). When asked to rank therapies, respondents gave nasal suction 182 number 1 votes; bronchodilators received 164. The decision to admit varied with SpO(2) and RR. Forty-three percent of respondents who received a vignette featuring SpO(2) of 94% and a RR of 50/min recommended admission for the infant in their vignette. Fifty-eight percent recommended admission when the vignette SpO(2) was 94% and RR was 65/min (chi(2) = 5.021). Respondents who received a vignette with SpO(2) of 92% were nearly twice as likely to recommend admission: 83% recommended admission when vignette RR was 50/min, and 85% recommended admission when vignette RR was 65/min (chi(2) = 0.126). Conclusions. When treating infants with moderately severe bronchiolitis, pediatricians who work in emergency departments frequently use bronchodilators and nasal suction, 2 practices for which supporting data are either conflicting (bronchodilators) or nonexistent (nasal suction). In addition, their decisions to admit differ markedly on the basis of only a 2% difference in SpO(2). It is possible that increased reliance on pulse oximetry has contributed to the increase in bronchiolitis hospitalization rates seen during the past 2 decades. C1 Univ N Carolina, Robert Wood Johnson Clin Scholars Program, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Pediat, Div Community Pediat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mallory, MD (reprint author), Primary Childrens Med Ctr, Div Pediat Emergency Med, 100 N Med Dr, Salt Lake City, UT 84113 USA. NR 54 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2003 VL 111 IS 1 AR e45 DI 10.1542/peds.111.1.e45 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 630XC UT WOS:000180135200007 PM 12509594 ER PT J AU Chen, KT Twu, SJ Chiou, ST Pan, WH Chang, HJ Serdula, MK AF Chen, KT Twu, SJ Chiou, ST Pan, WH Chang, HJ Serdula, MK TI Outbreak of beriberi among illegal mainland Chinese immigrants at a detention center in Taiwan SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SHOSHIN BERIBERI; HEART-DISEASE; THIAMINE AB Objective. The authors describe an outbreak of beriberi in a detention center in Taiwan and examine risk factors for illness. Methods. A survey was conducted among a sample of 176 randomly selected detainees. A menu-assisted dietary recall method was used to obtain diet information from nine hospitalized detainees. A probable case patient was defined as an individual who had at least two of the following characteristics: leg edema, weakness of the extremities, poor appetite, and dyspnea. Possible case patients were those who had only one of these characteristics. Results. Of the 176 survey respondents, 19% were classified as probable case patients and 40% as possible case patients. The mortality rate based on probable cases was 1.1%. Body Mass Index (BMI) was negatively associated with illness (p<0.0001), and length of stay in the detention center was independently positively associated with illness (p<0.05). The average intake of dietary thiamine among the nine hospitalized case patients who completed three-day dietary recall surveys was 0.49 +/- 0.1 mg/day. After thiamine administration, all symptoms and signs of beriberi resolved. Conclusion. This outbreak is a reminder of the importance of ensuring adequate diets for poor, institutionalized, or refugee populations who are unable to supplement their diets. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth, Taipei, Taiwan. Hlth Bur ILan Cty, Taipei, Taiwan. Acad Sinica, Inst Biomed Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Twu, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Dept Hlth, Field Epidemiol Training Program, 6-8F Lin Shen S Rd, Taipei, Taiwan. RI Pan, Wen-Harn /F-9972-2010 NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 118 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 DI 10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50217-0 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 754AD UT WOS:000187279800009 PM 12604765 ER PT J AU Sarasua, SM Mueller, P Kathman, S Campagna, D Uddin, MS White, MC AF Sarasua, SM Mueller, P Kathman, S Campagna, D Uddin, MS White, MC TI Confirming the utility of four kidney biomarker tests in a longitudinal follow-up study SO RENAL FAILURE LA English DT Article DE alanine aminopeptidase; biomarkers; albumin; N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; retinol-binding protein; creatinine clearance; cystatin C; creatinine; kidney disease ID URINARY ALBUMIN EXCRETION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; MILD HYPERTENSION; MICROALBUMINURIA; CADMIUM; MARKERS; NEPHROTOXICITY; PREVALENCE; POPULATION AB In this follow-up study, 526 persons were followed for almost 5 years to assess the reversibility and predictive value of four kidney biomarkers in a field epidemiology setting. This study examined (a) whether elevations in urinary albumin, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, retinol-binding protein, and alanine aminopeptidase remained elevated at follow-up and (b) whether these initial elevations were predictive of kidney disease (as measured by markers of kidney dysfunction: serum creatinine, serum cystatin C, creatinine clearance, and urine osmolality) at follow-up. Study participants were 8-76 years of age at baseline and were followed for an average of 4.5 years. Approximately 50% of adults who had an elevated biomarker did not have an elevation at followup. Youths with elevated biomarkers at baseline, but who completed adolescence by the time of the follow-up, no longer had any elevations in biomarkers at follow-up. Adult participants who had elevated biomarkers and selected health conditions at baseline (diabetes and, to a lesser extent, heart disease, hypertension, gout, and urinary tract disease) were more likely to show early indicators of kidney impairment at follow-up. Participants with these health conditions and normal kidney biomarker values at baseline had kidney test results at follow-up that were similar to results of study participants who did not have these health conditions at baseline. The presence or absence of elevated biomarkers at baseline among generally healthy participants was not associated with the development of early indicators of kidney impairment at follow-up. This longitudinal study confirmed the utility of these four kidney biomarker tests as markers of preclinical organ dysfunction among adults with certain preexisting medical conditions. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Uddin, MS (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RI White, Mary /C-9242-2012 OI White, Mary /0000-0002-9826-3962 NR 44 TC 9 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0886-022X J9 RENAL FAILURE JI Ren. Fail. PY 2003 VL 25 IS 5 BP 797 EP 817 DI 10.1081/JDI-120024295 PG 21 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 727NY UT WOS:000185666000012 PM 14575288 ER PT J AU Begun, AL Murphy, C Bolt, D Weinstein, B Strodthoff, T Short, L Shelley, G AF Begun, AL Murphy, C Bolt, D Weinstein, B Strodthoff, T Short, L Shelley, G TI Characteristics of the safe at home instrument for assessing readiness to change intimate partner violence SO RESEARCH ON SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE LA English DT Article ID SELF-EFFICACY; SMOKING; CESSATION; BEHAVIORS; CONFLICT; PROGRAM; SCALE; FIT AB Objective: This article describes the development,factor structure, concurrent validity, and predictive validity of the Safe At Home instrument, a 35-item se f-reportmeasuredesignedjbr social work assessment of individuals readiness to change their intimate partner violence behaviors. Method: Multisite data (five sites, a total of 1,359 men at intake) addressed questions concerning instrument properties. Results: Initial exploratory factor analysis identified three scales that are consistent with the early stages outlined in the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (Precontemplation, Contemplation, and Preparation/Action). Confirmatory factor analysis further supported the three-factor solution. Concurrent and predictive validity were examined on a subset of cases. Conclusions: The Safe At Home instrument has applicability for social work evaluation of batterer's treatment intervention; additional study is needed for reliable use as an individual clinical assessment tool. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Milwaukee Womens Ctr, Safe Home Project, Milwaukee, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Begun, AL (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. OI Begun, Audrey/0000-0002-1672-0315 NR 40 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1049-7315 J9 RES SOCIAL WORK PRAC JI Res. Soc. Work. Pract. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 80 EP 107 DI 10.1177/1049731502238758 PG 28 WC Social Work SC Social Work GA 626RE UT WOS:000179886400005 ER PT B AU Brogdon, WG AF Brogdon, WG BE Knobler, SL Lemon, SM Najafi, M Burroughs, T TI Managing the emergence of pesticide resistance in vectors SO RESISTANCE PHENOMENON IN MICROBES AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE VECTORS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTH AND STRATEGIES FOR CONTAINMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop Forum on Emerging Infections CY FEB 06-07, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, USDA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Brogdon, WG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08854-2 PY 2003 BP 88 EP 93 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BY20U UT WOS:000188244000008 ER PT B AU Bell, DM AF Bell, DM BE Knobler, SL Lemon, SM Najafi, M Burroughs, T TI Development of the public health action plan to combat antimicrobial resistance and CDC activities related to its implementation SO RESISTANCE PHENOMENON IN MICROBES AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE VECTORS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTH AND STRATEGIES FOR CONTAINMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop Forum on Emerging Infections CY FEB 06-07, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, USDA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bell, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08854-2 PY 2003 BP 198 EP 206 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BY20U UT WOS:000188244000019 ER PT B AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, JL BE Knobler, SL Lemon, SM Najafi, M Burroughs, T TI The centers for disease control and prevention's campaign to prevent antimicrobial resistance in health care settings SO RESISTANCE PHENOMENON IN MICROBES AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE VECTORS: IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTH AND STRATEGIES FOR CONTAINMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop Forum on Emerging Infections CY FEB 06-07, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, USDA, Amer Soc Microbiol, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Pfizer, GlaxoSmithKline, Wyeth Ayerst Labs C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08854-2 PY 2003 BP 210 EP 215 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BY20U UT WOS:000188244000021 ER PT S AU Hechemy, KE Avsic-Zupanc, T Childs, JE Raoultd, DA AF Hechemy, KE Avsic-Zupanc, T Childs, JE Raoultd, DA BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Rickettsiology: Present and future directions - Preface SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Editorial Material CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije C1 New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Univ Ljubljana Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Mediterranee, Fac Med, Unite Rickettsies, F-13385 Marseille 05, France. RP Hechemy, KE (reprint author), New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Albany, NY 12208 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP XVII EP XX PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900001 PM 12860593 ER PT S AU Paddock, CD Zaki, SR Koss, T Singleton, J Sumner, JW Comer, JA Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA Cherry, B Childs, JE AF Paddock, CD Zaki, SR Koss, T Singleton, J Sumner, JW Comer, JA Eremeeva, ME Dasch, GA Cherry, B Childs, JE BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Rickettsialpox in New York City - A persistent urban zoonosis SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE rickettsialpox; Rickettsia akari; urban zoonoses ID INFECTION AB Rickettsialpox, a spotted fever rickettsiosis, was first identified in New York City (NYC) in 1946. During the next five years, approximately 540 additional cases were identified in NYC. However, during the subsequent five decades, rickettsialpox received relatively little attention from clinicians and public health professionals, and reporting of the disease diminished markedly. During February 2001 through August 2002, 34 cases of rickettsialpox in NYC were confirmed at CDC from cutaneous biopsy specimens tested by using immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, PCR analysis, and isolation of Rickettsia akari in cell culture, as well as an indirect immunofluorescence assay of serum specimens. Samples were collected from patients with febrile illnesses accompanied by an eschar, a papulovesicular rash, or both. Patients originated predominantly from two boroughs (Manhattan and the Bronx). Only 8 (24%) of the cases were identified prior to the reports of bioterrorism-associated anthrax in the United States during October 2001, and lesions of several patients evaluated during and subsequent to this episode were suspected initially to be cutaneous anthrax. IHC staining of biopsy specimens of eschars and papular lesions were positive for spotted fever group rickettsiae for 32 patients. Of the eleven patients for whom paired serum samples were obtained, all demonstrated fourfold or greater increases in antibody titers reactive with R. akari. The 17-kDa protein gene sequence of R. akari was amplified from eschars of five patients. Four isolates of R. akari were obtained from cutaneous lesions. Possible factors responsible for the increase in clinical samples evaluated for rickettsialpox during this interval include renewed clinical interest in the disease, improved diagnostic methods, epizootiological influences, and factors associated with the recent specter of bioterrorism. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Dermatol, New York, NY 10032 USA. Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 33 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 36 EP 44 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900005 PM 12860597 ER PT S AU Massung, RF Mather, TN Priestley, RA Levin, ML AF Massung, RF Mather, TN Priestley, RA Levin, ML BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Transmission efficiency of the AP-Variant 1 strain of Anaplasma phagocytophila SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Anaplasma phagocytophila; Ixodes scapularis; ticks; molecular epidemiology ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; WHITE-FOOTED MICE; TAILED DEER; INFECTION; AGENT; CONNECTICUT; BABESIOSIS; PCR AB Nymphal Ixodes scapularis ticks were collected from several sites in Rhode Island. DNA was extracted from a subset of these ticks, and PCR and DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene were used to determine the ratio of Anaplasma phagocytophila-human agent (AP-ha) to a genetic variant not associated with human disease (AP-Variant 1). The remaining ticks were allowed to feed to repletion on either white-footed (Peromyscus leucopus) or DBA/2 (Mus musculus) mice. The engorged ticks, and blood samples drawn from each mouse at one-week intervals, were evaluated by PCR and DNA sequencing for the presence of AP-ha and Variant 1. Although a high percentage of the infecting ticks harbored AP-Variant 1, only AP-ha was amplified from the mouse blood samples. Because the A. phagocytophild variant did not establish an infection either in the natural reservoir of AP-ha, the white-footed mouse, or in a common research laboratory mouse (DBA/2), AP-Variant 1 may have an alternative natural reservoir, possibly the white-tailed deer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Ctr Vector Borne Dis, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 75 EP 79 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900011 PM 12860603 ER PT S AU Gardner, SL Holman, RC Krebs, JW Berkelman, R Childs, JE AF Gardner, SL Holman, RC Krebs, JW Berkelman, R Childs, JE BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI National surveillance for the human ehrlichioses in the United States, 1997-2001, and proposed methods for evaluation of data quality SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE ehrlichiosis; surveillance; epidemiology; evaluation; tick-borne diseases ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; AGENT AB This report describes the data accumulated during the first 5 years of national surveillance for the human ehrlichioses in the United States and territories, from its initiation in 1997 through 2001. Reported cases of human monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HME and HGE) and cases of "other ehrlichiosis" (OE), where the agent was unspecified, originated from 30 states. As anticipated, most HME cases were from the south-central and southeastern United States, while HGE was most commonly reported from the northeastern and upper-Midwestern region. State-level incident reports of 487 HME, 1,091 HGE, and 11 OE cases were evaluated. The average annual incidences of HME, HGE, and OE per million persons residing in states reporting disease were 0.7,1.6, and 0.2, respectively. The median ages of HME (53 yr) and HGE cases (51 yr) were consistent with published patient series. Most (> 57%) ehrlichiosis patients were male. The results suggest that national surveillance for the ehrlichioses, although imperfect in coverage, will help define endemic regions and may be useful for monitoring long-term trends. Although the data appear representative of the demographic profiles established for HME and HGE, rigorous evaluation of the system is required. Methods are proposed for evaluating the quality and representativeness of HME and HGE surveillance data, using well-established surveillance systems for Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme disease. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Childs, JE (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, MS-G13 ,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 80 EP 89 PG 10 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900012 PM 12860604 ER PT S AU Nicholson, WL Kuhar, DJ Humphreys, JG Childs, JE AF Nicholson, WL Kuhar, DJ Humphreys, JG Childs, JE BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Serologic evidence for a novel Ehrlichia species in woodchucks (Marmota monax) from Pennsylvania, USA SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Ehrlichia sp.; woodchucks; rickettsiae; tick-borne diseases ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; AGENT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA USA. RP Nicholson, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 90 EP 93 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900013 PM 12860605 ER PT S AU Courtney, JW Dryden, RL Wyleto, P Schneider, BS Massung, RF AF Courtney, JW Dryden, RL Wyleto, P Schneider, BS Massung, RF BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophila and Borrelia burgdorferi genotypes in Ixodes scapularis ticks from Pennsylvania SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Ixodes scapularis; Anaplasma phagocytophila; Borrelia burgdorferi; Pennsylvania C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington & Jefferson Coll, Washington, DC USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 131 EP 133 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900022 PM 12860614 ER PT S AU McQuiston, JH Gibbons, RV Velic, R Nicholson, WL Castrodale, L Wainright, SH Vanniewenhoven, TJ Morgan, EW Arapovic, L Delilic, A O'Reilly, M Bajrovic, T AF McQuiston, JH Gibbons, RV Velic, R Nicholson, WL Castrodale, L Wainright, SH Vanniewenhoven, TJ Morgan, EW Arapovic, L Delilic, A O'Reilly, M Bajrovic, T BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Investigation of a focus of Q fever in a nonfarming population in the federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Q fever; Coxiella burnetii; acute infection; phase II antibody ID INFECTIONS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fac Vet, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg. USDA, Rockville, MD USA. RP McQuiston, JH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 229 EP 232 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900039 PM 12860631 ER PT S AU Ehrenborg, C Handley, S Ellis, B Mills, J Holmberg, M AF Ehrenborg, C Handley, S Ellis, B Mills, J Holmberg, M BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Bartonella grahamd infecting rodents display high genetic diversity over short geographic distances SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Bartonella grahamii; Sweden; rodents ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; MAMMALS; UK C1 Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Med Sci, Infect Dis Sect, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holmberg, M (reprint author), Univ Uppsala Hosp, Dept Med Sci, Infect Dis Sect, S-75185 Uppsala, Sweden. NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 233 EP 235 PG 3 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900040 PM 12860632 ER PT S AU O'Reilly, M Paddock, C Elchos, B Goddard, J Childs, J Currie, M AF O'Reilly, M Paddock, C Elchos, B Goddard, J Childs, J Currie, M BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Physician knowledge of the diagnosis and management of Rocky Mountain spotted fever - Mississippi, 2002 SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Rocky Mountain spotted fever; pediatric medicine; Mississippi ID LYME-DISEASE; DOXYCYCLINE AB Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), a tick-borne illness that has its highest incidence in the south central and southeastern United States, is often a diagnostic challenge, as patients frequently present with nonspecific symptoms during the early stages of illness. RMSF has a high case fatality rate among untreated individuals, and the median time from onset of symptoms to death is only eight days, making early recognition and treatment of RMSF crucial. In two Mississippi public health districts, 148 primary care physicians were randomly selected and mailed surveys regarding RMSF diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Eighty-four of the 148 (57%) physicians responded. Responses from different specialties and different health districts were compared using chi square statistics. Almost all (99%) physicians correctly identified doxycycline as the antibiotic agent of choice for treating adults and adolescents. However, only 21% of family practice physicians, and 25% of emergency medicine physicians correctly identified the antibiotic of choice for treating children with RMSF. Twenty-three percent of physicians responded that waiting for the development of a rash before prescribing antibiotics is an appropriate treatment strategy. The current standard of care-doxycycline as the agent of choice among children 8 years of age or younger with suspected RMSF-has not been effectively communicated to all physicians caring for children. Also, many physicians are not familiar with the rationale underlying initiation of antibiotic therapy prior to the development-of rash in patients with suspected RMSF. Continuing education efforts should focus on antibiotic selection in pediatric patients and initiation of therapy prior to the onset of rash in appropriate patients. C1 CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. RP Childs, J (reprint author), CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900050 PM 12860642 ER PT S AU Nicholson, WL McQuiston, J Vannieuwenhoven, TJ Morgan, EW AF Nicholson, WL McQuiston, J Vannieuwenhoven, TJ Morgan, EW BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Rapid deployment and operation of a Q fever field laboratory in Bosnia and Herzegovina SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Q fever; Coxiella burnetti; Bosnia-Herzegovina; field laboratory establishment AB In May 2000, CDC was asked to assemble a team to investigate reports of a widespread outbreak of Q fever (Coxiella burnetii infection) in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Brucellosis was also suspected in the outbreak. In a short period of time, we were able to gather supplies, establish collaboration, and rapidly deploy a field laboratory for the serodiagnostic testing of animal and human specimens. Strategy, problems, and insights on organization, transport, and deployment will be discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Vet Serv, Emergency Programs, Riverdale, MD USA. USA, Vet Corps, NATO SFOR Stabilizat Force, Combined Joint Civil Mil Task Force, Sarajevo, Bosnia & Herceg. RP Nicholson, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 320 EP 326 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900053 PM 12860645 ER PT S AU Courtney, JW Massung, RF AF Courtney, JW Massung, RF BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Multiplex taqman PCR assay for rapid detection of Anaplasma phagocytophila and Borrelia burgdorferi SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Lyme disease; Borrelia burgdorferi; Anaplasma phagocytophila; human granulocytic erlichiosis ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; GENE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Div HIV AIDS, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 369 EP 370 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900064 PM 12860656 ER PT S AU Ignatovich, V Penkina, G Umnova, N AF Ignatovich, V Penkina, G Umnova, N BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Seroimmunological monitoring of several species of Rickettsiaceae and Bartonellaceae circulating in the Moscow region SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Rickettsiaceae; Bartonellaceae; seroimmunological monitoring; Moscow region C1 NF Gamalei Inst Epidemiol & Microbiol, Moscow 123098, Russia. RP Ignatovich, V (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 419 EP 423 PG 5 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900075 PM 12860667 ER PT S AU Eremeeva, ME Liang, ZX Paddock, C Zaki, S Vandenbergh, JG Dasch, GA Silverman, DJ AF Eremeeva, ME Liang, ZX Paddock, C Zaki, S Vandenbergh, JG Dasch, GA Silverman, DJ BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Rickettsia rickettsii infection in the pine vole, Microtus pinetorum - Kinetics of infection and quantitation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression by RT-PCR SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Rickettsia rickettsii; animal model; pathogenesis; oxidative injury ID MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER AB The pine vole, Microtus pinetorum, was evaluated as a laboratory animal model for infection with Rickettsia rickettsii. Voles demonstrated signs of acute disease, and 45% of infected animals died following intraperitoneal infection with 3 X 10(6) plaque forming units of R. rickettsii. Spleen, liver, kidney, lung, brain, testes and blood were analyzed for rickettsial burden by a quantitative PCR assay. The distribution of rickettsiae in tissues during the course of infection was determined by immunohistochemical staining and pathological changes in tissues were correlated with the clinical severity of infection. Quantitative RT-PCR assays were designed to measure the mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzyme genes for catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, heme oxygenase, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Mn-SOD, and 2 housekeeping genes, actin and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase. Tissues from acutely ill animals on days 2 to 6 of infection, convalescent animals, and uninfected control animals were studied. The number of transcripts of each enzyme gene was determined and compared to the degree of rickettsial infection present. These studies demonstrate that the pine vole is a valuable experimental model for studying infection with R. rickettsii. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that R. rickettsii causes alteration(s) of the anti-oxidant system in vivo. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI17416] NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 468 EP 473 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900083 PM 12860675 ER PT S AU Massung, RF Priestley, RA Levin, ML AF Massung, RF Priestley, RA Levin, ML BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Route of transmission alters the infectivity of Anaplasma phagocytophila in mice SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Anaplasma phagocytophila; HGE; human granulocytic erlichiosis; transmission; white-footed mouse ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; WHITE-FOOTED MICE; BABESIOSIS; AGENT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 494 EP 495 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900087 PM 12860679 ER PT S AU Thompson, HA Hoover, TA Vodkin, MH Shaw, EI AF Thompson, HA Hoover, TA Vodkin, MH Shaw, EI BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Do chromosomal deletions in the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic regions explain all cases of phase variation in Coxiella burnetii strains? An update SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Coxiella burnetii; phase variation; chromosomal deletions ID I LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; HETEROGENEITY; VARIANTS; INTRASTRAIN; PRISCILLA; VIRULENCE C1 CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Econ Entomol, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Thompson, HA (reprint author), CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 664 EP 670 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900112 PM 12860704 ER PT S AU Sumner, JW Yabsley, MJ Arens, MQ Buenning, G Storch, GA Davidson, WR AF Sumner, JW Yabsley, MJ Arens, MQ Buenning, G Storch, GA Davidson, WR BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Determination of white-tailed deer agent groESL operon sequences for phylogenetic and diagnostic applications SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE groESL operon; white-tailed deer agent; Odocoileus virginianus ID ODOCOILEUS-VIRGINIANUS; EHRLICHIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, SE Cooperat Wildlife Dis Study, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. RP Sumner, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 699 EP 700 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900117 PM 12860709 ER PT S AU Eremeeva, ME Klemt, RM Santucci-Domotor, LA Silverman, DJ Dasch, GA AF Eremeeva, ME Klemt, RM Santucci-Domotor, LA Silverman, DJ Dasch, GA BE Hechemy, KE AvsicZupanc, T Childs, JE Raoult, DA TI Genetic analysis of isolates of Rickettsia rickettsii that differ in virulence SO RICKETTSIOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases CY SEP 04-07, 2002 CL LJUBLJANA, SLOVENIA SP Amer Soc Rickettsiol, DADE Behring, European Soc Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, FOCUS Technol, Inst Mikrobiol Imunol, KEMOMED d o o, KRKA D D, LEK D D, Med Fakulteta Ljubljana, MEDILINE D O O, MINIST ZA SOLSTVO ZNANOST SPORT RS, PANIBIO Inc, Prirodoslovini Muzej Slovenije DE Rickettsia rickettsii; gltA; metK; fossil gene; genomic variability ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; FEVER GROUP RICKETTSIAE; PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA; DIFFERENTIATION AB We examined the degree of intraspecies genetic polymorphisms present among 13 R. rickettsii strains isolated from the blood of patients and ixodid ticks from North and South America. Preliminary confirmation of these isolates as R. rickettsii was done by evaluating RsaI and PstI restriction fragment length polyrnorphic (RFLP) sites in a 631 bp fragment of the rOmpA gene amplified with primers encompassing the Rr190.70-701 nt region. All isolates had the same profile, which was identical to that previously described for strain Bitterroot. The AluI RFLP analysis of the rOmpA fragment differentiated only Hlp#2 isolate from the other strains. Two types of RFLP patterns were obtained for a 381 bp gltA fragment. Strains Bitterroot, Sheila Smith, Lost Horse Canyon, and Morgan contained an additional AluI fragment of 40 bp, compared to the four-band profile of 122, 87, 81, and 43 bp determined for other isolates. These differences correlated with the absence of a CGC insert in the former isolates as determined by comparative DNA sequence analysis. To measure the levels of deletion/mutation events among isolates of R. rickettsii, DNA sequence analysis was performed on a portion of a 2,672 bp region spanning the 3'-end of polA to the 5'-end of dnaE. Except for Hlp#2 strain these isolates were highly conserved in the regions sequenced. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zooneses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Eremeeva, ME (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zooneses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI17416, U01-AI50942] NR 6 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-444-7 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 990 BP 717 EP 722 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Genetics & Heredity; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09Q UT WOS:000184284900120 PM 12860712 ER PT J AU Chaudhary-Webb, M Paschal, DC Romieu, I Ting, B Elliot, C Hopkins, H Sanin, LH Ghazi, MA AF Chaudhary-Webb, M Paschal, DC Romieu, I Ting, B Elliot, C Hopkins, H Sanin, LH Ghazi, MA TI Determining lead sources in Mexico using the lead isotope ratio SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA English DT Article DE lead; ceramics; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; Mexico ID WHOLE-BLOOD; ICP-MS; CITY; CHILDREN; PREGNANCY; EXPOSURE; WOMEN; AGE AB Objective. Lead poisoning can, in some cases, be traced to a specific route or source of exposure on the basis of the individual's blood lead isotope ratio. To assess the major source of lead exposure among women residing in Mexico City, we compared blood, ceramic, and gasoline lead isotope ratios. Material and Methods. The study population, randomly selected from participants of a large trial, (1/1996-12/1996) comprised of 16 women whose lead levels exceeded 10 mug/dl and who reported using lead-glazed ceramics. Lead isotope ratios were performed on a Perkin Elmer 5000 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) interfaced with a Perkin Elmer HGA-600MS Electrothermal Vaporization System (ETV). Results. The isotope ratios (Pb-206/Pb-204, Pb-207/Pb-204, and Pb-208/Pb-204) of both the blood specimens and their corresponding ceramic specimens were highly correlated, with r=0.9979,r(2)=0.9958, r=0.9957, r(2)=0.9915 and r=0.9945, r(2)=0.9890 values for the three isotope ratios, respectively, suggesting that the lead exposure most likely resulted from the use of these ceramic. Measurements of lead isotope ratios from leaded gasoline in use at the time of blood sampling, differed from those in blood and ceramics. Conclusions. Determining lead isotope ratios can be an efficient tool to identify a major source of lead exposure and to support the implementation of public health prevention and control measures. This paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html. C1 Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Geol, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. Univ Autonoma Chihuahua, Chihuahua, Mexico. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. RP Romieu, I (reprint author), Inst Nacl Salud Publ, Avenida Univ 655,Colonia Santa Maria Ahuacatitlan, Cuernavaca 62508, Morelos, Mexico. EM iromieu@correo.insp.mx NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PY 2003 VL 45 SU 2 BP S183 EP S188 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 758ZA UT WOS:000187711400003 PM 14746003 ER PT J AU Morse, SA AF Morse, SA TI Advances in diagnostic tests for bacterial STDs SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA English DT Article DE laboratory diagnosis; bacterial STD; syphilis; gonorrhea; chlamydial infection ID LIGASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION; STRAND DISPLACEMENT AMPLIFICATION; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASES; CAPTIA SYPHILIS-G; TREPONEMA-PALLIDUM; NEISSERIA-GONORRHOEAE; URINE SPECIMENS; ENDOCERVICAL SPECIMENS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY AB Because of their asymptomatic nature and nonspecific symptoms, laboratory tests are often required to diagnose a sexually transmitted infection. Over the past few years, there have been advances in technology, such as the development of nucleic acid amplification assays, which have improved our ability to diagnose infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. The finding that nucleic acid amplification tests can detect more infected individuals and are useful in screening low prevalence populations, has led to the development of strategies designed to reduce the cost of these assays without significantly impacting their sensitivity. The development of new tests for the diagnosis of syphilis has gained momentum from the report of a synthetic VDRL antigen, which will result in better nontreponemal antibody tests for syphilis. In spite of the completion of the genome sequence of Treponema pallidum and its annotation, we are still unable to cultivate this microorganism in vitro. However, the molecular revolution has resulted in the development of PCR assays for detecting Treponema pallidum in various types of clinical specimens, and to the production of recombinant antigens for use in tests that detect treponemal-specific antibodies. Further research will improve the availability of low cost, sensitive tests for the diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections. The English version of this paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morse, SA (reprint author), MS C-18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sam1@cdc.gov NR 49 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PY 2003 VL 45 IS 5 SU 5 BP S698 EP S708 DI 10.1590/S0036-36342003001100017 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 765XT UT WOS:000188316900017 PM 14974283 ER PT J AU Albalak, R Noonan, G Buchanan, S Flanders, WD Gotway-Crawford, C Kim, D Jones, RL Sulaiman, R Blumenthal, W Tan, R Curtis, G McGeehin, MA AF Albalak, R Noonan, G Buchanan, S Flanders, WD Gotway-Crawford, C Kim, D Jones, RL Sulaiman, R Blumenthal, W Tan, R Curtis, G McGeehin, MA TI Blood lead levels and risk factors for lead poisoning among children in Jakarta, Indonesia SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE leaded gasoline; blood lead levels; Indonesia; school children; cluster survey ID EXPOSURE AB The phase-out of leaded gasoline began in Jakarta, Indonesia on July 1, 2001. We evaluated mean blood lead levels (BLLs) and the prevalence of elevated BLLs of Jakarta school children and assessed risk factors for lead exposure in these children before the beginning of the phase-out activities. The study involved a population-based, cross-sectional blood lead survey that included capillary blood lead sampling and a brief questionnaire on risk factors for lead poisoning. A cluster survey design was used. Forty clusters, defined as primary schools in Jakarta, and 15 2nd- and 3rd-grade children in each cluster were randomly selected for participation in the study. The average age of children in this study was 8.6 years (range 6-12) and the geometric mean BLL of the children was 8.6 mug/dl (median: 8.6 mug/dl; range: 2.6-24.1 mug/dl) (n = 397). Thirty-five percent of children had BLLs greater than or equal to 10 mug/dl and 2.4% had BLLs greater than or equal to 20 mug/dl. Approximately one-fourth of children had BLLs 10-14.9 mug/dl. In multivariate models, level of education of the child's primary caregiver, water collection method, home varnishing and occupational recycling of metals, other than lead, by a family member were predictors of log BLLs after adjustment for age and sex. BLLs of children who lived near a highway or major intersection were significantly higher than those of children who lived near a street with little or no traffic when level of education was not included in the model. Water collection method was a significant predictor of BLLs greater than or equal to 10 mug/dl after adjustment for age and sex. BLLs in children in this study were moderately high and consistent with BLLs of children in other countries where leaded gasoline is used. With the phase-out of leaded gasoline, BLLs of children in Jakarta are expected to rapidly decline as they have in other countries that have phased lead out of gasoline. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Swisscontact, Jakarta 12160, Indonesia. RP Albalak, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 11 Corp Sq,Room 2419, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 22 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD JAN 1 PY 2003 VL 301 IS 1-3 BP 75 EP 85 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00297-8 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00297-8 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 639EW UT WOS:000180615500008 PM 12493187 ER PT S AU Basile, KC AF Basile, KC BE Prentky, RA Janus, ES Seto, MC TI Implications of public health for policy on sexual violence SO SEXUALLY COERCIVE BEHAVIOR: UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGEMENT SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Understanding and Managing Sexually Coercive Behavior CY JUN 07-09, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP New York Acad Sci, Natl Inst Justice DE public health; sexual violence; ecological approach; primary prevention ID PHYSICAL ABUSE; RAPE; WOMEN; AGGRESSION; PREVENTION; HARASSMENT; REVICTIMIZATION; VICTIMIZATION; MALTREATMENT; EDUCATION AB In the last ten years, researchers and practitioners have written about why sexual violence in particular should be viewed as a public health issue, and the importance of prevention of sexual violence. However, little has been written about how to accomplish this. In this paper I describe steps that could be taken using the public health approach to better achieve prevention of sexual violence. Most research and prevention related to sexual violence have focused on the individual and relationship levels. I discuss the importance of addressing all levels using an ecological approach (macrosystem, exosystem, microsystem, and personal history) and focusing more on prevention that addresses the societal and social roots of sexual violence. The paper concludes with some examples of potential preventive measures and policies consistent with a public health model. C1 CDCP, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Basile, KC (reprint author), CDCP, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K60,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-398-X J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2003 VL 989 BP 446 EP 463 PG 18 WC Behavioral Sciences; Criminology & Penology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Behavioral Sciences; Criminology & Penology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BX09P UT WOS:000184284500036 PM 12839918 ER PT J AU Rietmeijer, CA Bull, SS McFarlane, M Patnaik, JL Douglas, JM AF Rietmeijer, CA Bull, SS McFarlane, M Patnaik, JL Douglas, JM TI Risks and benefits of the Internet for populations at risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) - Results of an STI clinic survey SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEX; DISEASES; HIV AB Background: The Internet is increasingly used for the recruitment of sex partners, potentially leading to increased risks for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Less is known about the use of the Internet as a resource for STI education and prevention. Goal: To evaluate the use of the Internet for sex-seeking and STI information purposes by clients of a large STI clinic. Study Design: A 10-item survey was conducted among clients of the Denver Metro Health (STI) Clinic who visited the clinic for a new problem between September 2000 and May 2001. Results: Among 4741 clients surveyed, 2159 (45.5%) had Internet access. Of these, 138 (6.4%) reported to have gone on-line with the specific purpose of finding a sex partner and 146 (6.8%) reported having sex with a partner they found over the Internet. Internet sex-seeking was more common among men who have sex with men (MSM; 77/269, or 28.6%) than among men who have sex with women (MSW; 52/1176, or 4.4%; P < 0.0001) and higher among MSW than among women (9/714, or 1.3%; P < 0.001). The Internet was accessed by 604 persons (28.0%) to find information on STIs. Of these, 65.1% did so for general STI information, 36.3% for information on HIV, 25.7% for information on genital herpes, 22.4% for information on chlamydia, 21.7% for information on HPV, 19.9% for information on gonorrhea, 16.1% for information on syphilis, and 9.3% for other information. Of persons seeking sex, 54.4% accessed the Internet for STI information, compared to 26.2% of persons not seeking sex (P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Among STI clinic clients in Denver, nearly half have access to the Internet. Sex-seeking appears to be most prevalent among MSM. Internet use for STI information is common among those with Internet access and even more widespread among those who access the Internet to seek sex. Research is needed to develop and evaluate Internet-based STI-prevention interventions. C1 Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Denver, CO 80204 USA. AMC Canc Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. RP Rietmeijer, CA (reprint author), Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver Hlth Med Ctr, 605 Bannock St, Denver, CO 80204 USA. EM kees.rietmeijer@dhha.org NR 11 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 EI 1537-4521 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 15 EP 19 DI 10.1097/00007435-200301000-00004 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 633NN UT WOS:000180289500004 PM 12514436 ER PT J AU Magid, DJ Stiffman, M Anderson, LA Irwin, K Lyons, EE AF Magid, DJ Stiffman, M Anderson, LA Irwin, K Lyons, EE TI Adherence to CDC STD guideline recommendations for the treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in two managed care organizations SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DISEASE AB Background. The extent of adherence to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) STD guidelines by clinicians practicing in managed care settings is unknown. Goal. The goal was to assess adherence to the CDC guideline recommendations for the treatment of genital chlamydial infection, by clinicians at two group model managed care organizations. Design: Retrospective cohort study of men and women with laboratory-confirmed chlamydial infection. Patients were members of either the Kaiser Permanente Foundation Health Plan of Colorado or HealthPartners of Minneapolis/St. Paul who had tested positive for cervical or urethral chlamydial infection during the period from January 1, 1998, through June 30, 1999. Results: During the study period, 1078 patients with positive tests for genital Chlamydia trachomatis were identified. More than 97% of men and nonpregnant women and more than 98% of pregnant women were prescribed treatment, consistent with current CDC guidelines. Conclusion: Adherence to CDC-recommended therapy was high for patients with genital chlamydial infections at these two managed care organizations. C1 Colorado Permanente Med Grp, Clin Res Unit, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Div Emergency Med, Denver, CO 80262 USA. HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Magid, DJ (reprint author), Colorado Permanent Clin Res Unit, 10350 E Dakota Ave, Denver, CO 80231 USA. FU PHS HHS [200-95-0953-26] NR 11 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 30 EP 32 DI 10.1097/00007435-200301000-00007 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 633NN UT WOS:000180289500007 PM 12514439 ER PT J AU Aral, SO St Lawrence, JS Tikhonova, L Safarova, E Parker, KA Shakarishvili, A Ryan, CA AF Aral, SO St Lawrence, JS Tikhonova, L Safarova, E Parker, KA Shakarishvili, A Ryan, CA TI The social organization of commercial sex work in Moscow, Russia SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CORE-GROUP; EASTERN-EUROPE; HIV-INFECTION; EPIDEMICS; TRANSMISSION; GONORRHEA; SYPHILIS AB Background: Increased poverty, unemployment, and migration place the Russian population at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). A qualitative study was undertaken to clarify the organization of sex work and describe the likely contributions of different types of sex work to disease transmission. Goal. The goal of the study was to describe the social-organizational patterns of sex work in Moscow, Russia. Study Design: Four qualitative data collection methods were used: semistructured telephone interviews, semistructured face-to-face individual and group interviews with key informants, systematic and unobtrusive naturalistic observations, and geomapping. Results: Intermittent, truck stop, and railway station sex workers may be the most important groups in the dissemination of STIs. Sex work is widely disseminated throughout the city. Identifiable positions in the social organization of street sex work include pimps, assistant female pimps, guards, drivers, "indicators," the sex workers themselves, and recruitment "pluckers." Conclusion: The Moscow sex market may be an adjustive response of the social system to the economic pressures in Russia. Sex work in Moscow has great potential for disseminating STIs throughout Russia and beyond. Understanding of these issues may enhance the impact of STI prevention programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Russian Federat, Minist Hlth, Moscow, Russia. Russian Assoc Sanam, Moscow, Russia. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1097/00007435-200301000-00009 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 633NN UT WOS:000180289500009 PM 12514441 ER PT J AU Schillinger, JA Kissinger, P Calvet, H Whittington, WLH Ransom, RL Sternberg, MR Berman, SM Kent, CK Martin, DH Kim, M Handsfield, HH Bolan, G Markowitz, LE Fortenberry, JD AF Schillinger, JA Kissinger, P Calvet, H Whittington, WLH Ransom, RL Sternberg, MR Berman, SM Kent, CK Martin, DH Kim, M Handsfield, HH Bolan, G Markowitz, LE Fortenberry, JD TI Patient-delivered partner treatment with azithromycin to prevent repeated Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women - A randomized, controlled trial SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; PRIVATE-SECTOR; NOTIFICATION; ADOLESCENTS; INFERTILITY; CERVICITIS; THERAPY; COUNTY AB Background: Repeated infection with Chlamydia trachomatis increases the risk for serious sequelae: pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain. A substantial proportion of women treated for C trachomatis infection are reinfected by an untreated male sex partner in the first several months after treatment. Effective strategies to ensure partner treatment are needed. Goal: The goal of the study was to determine whether repeated infections with C trachomatis can be reduced by giving women doses of azithromycin to deliver to male sex partners. Study Design: A multicenter randomized controlled trial was conducted among 1787 women aged 14 to 34 years with uncomplicated C trachomatis genital infection diagnosed at family planning, adolescent, sexually transmitted disease, and primary care clinics or emergency or other hospital departments in five US cities. Women treated for infection were randomized to one of two groups: patient-delivered partner treatment (in which they were given a dose of azithromycin to deliver to each sex partner) or self-referral (in which they were asked to refer their sex partners for treatment). The main outcome measure was C trachomatis DNA detected by urine ligase chain reaction (LCR) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by 4 months after treatment. Results: The characteristics of study participants enrolled in each arm were similar except for a small difference in the age distribution. Risk of reinfection was 20% lower among women in the patient-delivered partner treatment arm (87/728; 12%) than among those in the self-referral arm (106/726; 15%); however, this difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.62-1.05; P = 0.102). Women in the patient-delivered partner treatment arm reported high compliance with the intervention (82%). Conclusion: Patient-delivered partner treatment for prevention of repeated C trachomatis infection among women is comparable to self-referral and may be an appropriate option for some patients. C1 CDCP, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Informat Serv, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Dept Epidemiol, New Orleans, LA USA. Long Beach Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Long Beach, CA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. San Francisco Dept Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty, Seattle, WA USA. Calif State Dept Hlth, Sacramento, CA USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. RP Schillinger, JA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Informat Serv, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 153 Z9 166 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 49 EP 56 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 633NN UT WOS:000180289500011 PM 12514443 ER PT J AU Ness, RB Hillier, SL Richter, HE Soper, DE Stamm, C Bass, DC Sweet, RL Rice, P Downs, J Aral, S AF Ness, RB Hillier, SL Richter, HE Soper, DE Stamm, C Bass, DC Sweet, RL Rice, P Downs, J Aral, S TI Why women douche and why they may or may not stop SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; RISK; INFECTION AB Background: Although douching is common, it is a potentially harmful habit. Goal: We studied attitudes and knowledge around the behavior of douching. Study Design: Of 1200 women enrolled in this multisite study, 532 douched and answered questions on a structured interview regarding douching behaviors. Results: Over half had douched for 5 or more years. Douching was most often initiated on the recommendation of female relatives and practiced for reasons of hygiene. Half of women considered douching to be healthy. Those who considered douching to be unhealthy reported that douching may disrupt vaginal flora but did not cite more serious risks. Nonetheless, women who had been advised by a health professional to stop douching were less likely to consider douching healthful and were more likely to have tried to stop. Conclusion: Women had a limited understanding of potential adverse health consequences associated with douching. Targeted health messages may influence women to initiate douching cessation. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Magee Womens Hosp, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Denver Hlth Med Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Boston Med Ctr, Maxwell Finland Lab, Boston, MA USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ness, RB (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Room 517,Parran Hall,130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI44151-01] NR 15 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 71 EP 74 DI 10.1097/00007435-200301000-00014 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 633NN UT WOS:000180289500014 PM 12514446 ER PT J AU Kissinger, PJ Niccolai, LM Magnus, M Farley, TA Maher, JE Richardson-Alston, G Dorst, D Myers, L Peterman, TA AF Kissinger, PJ Niccolai, LM Magnus, M Farley, TA Maher, JE Richardson-Alston, G Dorst, D Myers, L Peterman, TA TI Partner notification for HIV and syphilis - Effects on sexual behaviors and relationship stability SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; INFECTION; EXPERIENCE; COLORADO; CAROLINA AB Background: Partner notification (PN), originally designed for syphilis control, has been used to control the spread of HIV since 1985. Because HIV infection is noncurable, the benefit of contact tracing and treatment demonstrated for the control of syphilis may not apply to HIV. For HIV, PN must facilitate behavior change that will reduce the spread of the infection. One concern is that HIV PN can promote the breakup of old partnerships and increase the acquisition of new partners, thereby spreading HIV infections. Goal. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of partner notification (PN) on sexual behavior and relationship stability among HIV partnerships, with use of syphilis partnerships for comparison. Study Design: Partnerships were eligible if the index case was interviewed by a disease intervention specialist (DIS) for PN and named at least one sex partner. Partnership information was reported by index cases interviewed at baseline and 3 and 6 months post-PN. Trends in partnership dissolution and acquisition, sexual abstinence, condom use, emotional abuse, and physical violence reported by HIV infection and syphilis index cases were compared. Results: A total of 157 index cases (76 HIV infection and 81 syphilis) reported 220 partnerships (94 HIV and 126 syphilis). The PN process was completed for 32.7% of partnerships and it was completed more often for partnerships that were classified as main and cohabiting. After PN, 46.8% of partnerships dissolved, 15.9% of cases acquired a new partner, and emotional abuse and physical violence decreased significantly. HIV index cases were somewhat more likely to report using condoms at last sex act and less likely to acquire a new sex partner after PN compared to syphilis index cases. There was no difference post-PN between HIV infection and syphilis partnerships for partnership dissolution, physical violence, emotional abuse and abstention from sex. Conclusion: HIV PN did not appear to cause greater partnership dissolution, new partner acquisition, or violence compared with syphilis PN. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Epidemiol SL18, SPHTM, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kissinger, PJ (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Epidemiol SL18, SPHTM, 1440 Canal St, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. NR 30 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 75 EP 82 DI 10.1097/00007435-200301000-00015 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 633NN UT WOS:000180289500015 PM 12514447 ER PT J AU Hoxworth, T Spencer, NE Peterman, TA Craig, T Johnson, S Maher, JE AF Hoxworth, T Spencer, NE Peterman, TA Craig, T Johnson, S Maher, JE TI Changes in partnerships and HIV risk behaviors after partner notification SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTION; EXPERIENCE; SEX AB Background and Objective: Few studies have examined the effect of partner notification (PN) on behavior change and partnerships. This study investigated both. Goal: The goal was to examine the effect of PN on sexual behaviors and partnership dissolution and formation. Study Design: Subjects included HIV-positive persons interviewed to identify partners for notification, partners notified of exposure, and HIV-negative persons receiving HIV counseling and testing (controls). Subjects were interviewed about behaviors and relationships at baseline and at 3- and 6-month visits. Partnerships in which both subject and partner received PN were compared to partnerships in which only the subject received PN and to control partnerships. Results: Partnerships where both persons received PN were less likely to break up or acquire new partners and more likely to use condoms at follow-up. Conclusion: PN did not increase partnership dissolution or formation and was associated with higher condom use, suggesting the value of PN in HIV prevention. C1 Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, STD HIV Client Based Prevent Program, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Seattle, WA USA. RP Spencer, NE (reprint author), Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, STD HIV Client Based Prevent Program, DCEED STD A-3,4300 S Cherry Creek Dr, Denver, CO 80246 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU815047] NR 13 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 30 IS 1 BP 83 EP 88 DI 10.1097/00007435-200301000-00016 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 633NN UT WOS:000180289500016 PM 12514448 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH AF Mokdad, AH TI My personal perspective on the obesity epidemic SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Behav Risk Factors Surveillance Syst, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Behav Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE Mailstop K66, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 143 EP 144 DI 10.1007/s00038-003-3042-2 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 703HB UT WOS:000184273000002 PM 12891862 ER PT J AU Galuska, DA AF Galuska, DA TI Controlling an epidemic: the problem of overweight in children and adolescents SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; RISK-FACTORS; OBESITY; TRENDS; PREVALENCE; CHILDHOOD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Galuska, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 145 EP 146 DI 10.1007/s00038-003-3060-0 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 703HB UT WOS:000184273000003 PM 12891863 ER PT J AU Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, LM Scanlon, KS AF Mei, ZG Grummer-Strawn, LM Scanlon, KS TI Does overweight in infancy persist through the preschool years? An analysis of CDC Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System data SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Article DE overweight; obesity; longitudinal; preschool children; weight-for-height; relative risk ID CHILDHOOD OBESITY; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; ADULTHOOD; HEALTH; AGE AB Objective: To determine whether overweight in infancy (0-11 months) and young childhood (12-35 months) persists through the preschool years. Methods: Analysis of longitudinal surveillance data for 380 518 low-income children monitored in the U.S. Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System from birth to age 59 months. Overweight was defined as weight-for-height greater than or equal to95th percentile. We determined the proportion of the children (overweight vs non-overweight) above or below the 95 1 h percentile of weight-for-height at the later ages. Results: The relative risk (RR) for overweight among overweight infants (vs non-overweight infants) at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years old was 4.3, 3.5, 3.3, and 2.9, respectively. 62.5% of overweight 3-year-old was still overweight a year later, but only 4.1% non-overweight 3-year-old became overweight a year later (RR = 15.2). However, low birth weight children had the highest RR to remain overweight after they became overweight compared to normal and high birth weight children. Conclusions: Overweight during infancy persists through the preschool years. Tracking of overweight appears to become stronger as children get older and is more pronounced among low birth weight children than normal or high birth weight children. Monitoring preschoolers' height and weight status should be a strategy for preventing of obesity in adolescence and adulthood. C1 CDCP, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Mei, ZG (reprint author), CDCP, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-25,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2003 VL 48 IS 3 BP 161 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s00038-003-2022-x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 703HB UT WOS:000184273000007 PM 12891867 ER PT J AU McQueen, DV AF McQueen, DV TI The evidence debate broadens: three examples SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, NCCDPHP, Off Director MS K40, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McQueen, DV (reprint author), CDC, NCCDPHP, Off Director MS K40, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2003 VL 48 IS 5 BP 275 EP 276 DI 10.1007/s00038-003-3097-0 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 740VJ UT WOS:000186422000003 PM 14626616 ER PT J AU Sauter, SL Murphy, LR AF Sauter, SL Murphy, LR TI Monitoring the changing organization of work: international practices and new developments in the United States SO SOZIAL-UND PRAVENTIVMEDIZIN LA English DT Editorial Material DE monitoring; work organization; occupational safety and health ID HEALTH AB Recent trends in the organization of work have raised concerns about their implications for safety and health in the workplace. Capacity for monitoring of these trends from an occupational safety and health perspective (also known as hazard surveillance(1)) varies considerably across countries and regions. This forum article discusses current practices for monitoring the organization of work, noting strengths, limitations, and needs for improvement. Particular attention is given to the status of monitoring practices in the U.S., and new initiatives by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to improve upon these practices. C1 NIOSH, Org Sci & Human Factors Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Sauter, SL (reprint author), NIOSH, Org Sci & Human Factors Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM ssauter@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 1 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0303-8408 J9 SOZ PRAVENTIV MED JI Sozial-und Pravent. PY 2003 VL 48 IS 6 BP 341 EP 348 DI 10.1007/s00038-003-3026-2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 762PB UT WOS:000187990400006 PM 14758746 ER PT B AU Jones, CP AF Jones, CP GP STC STC TI Lessons learned from discount usability engineering for the federal government SO STC'S 50TH ANNUAL CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Conference of the Society-for-Technical-Communication CY MAY 18-21, 2003 CL DALLAS, TX SP Soc Tech Commun C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC TECHNICAL COMMUNICATION PI ARLINGTON PA 901 N STUART ST, SUITE 904, ARLINGTON, VA 22203-1854 USA BN 1-891709-15-1 PY 2003 BP 333 EP 338 PG 6 WC Communication; Management SC Communication; Business & Economics GA BW89B UT WOS:000183492200078 ER PT J AU Wattigney, WA Croft, JB Mensah, GA Alberts, MJ Shephard, TJ Gorelick, PB Nilasena, DS Hess, DC Walker, MD Hanley, DF Shwayder, P Girgus, M Neff, LJ Williams, JE LaBarthe, DR Collins, JL AF Wattigney, WA Croft, JB Mensah, GA Alberts, MJ Shephard, TJ Gorelick, PB Nilasena, DS Hess, DC Walker, MD Hanley, DF Shwayder, P Girgus, M Neff, LJ Williams, JE LaBarthe, DR Collins, JL TI Establishing data elements for the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry - Part 1: Proceedings of an expert panel SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE data collection; registry; stroke assessment; stroke, acute; thrombolytic therapy ID ACUTE ISCHEMIC-STROKE; RANDOMIZED TRIALS; CARE; STATE; PREVENTION; EMERGENCY; QUALITY; TPA AB Background and Purpose-Stroke is the third-leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability in adults in the United States. In recent years, leaders in the stroke care community identified a national registry as a critical tool to monitor the practice of evidence-based medicine for acute stroke patients and to target areas for continuous quality of care improvements. An expert panel was convened by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to recommend a standard list of data elements to be considered during development of prototypes of the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry. Methods-A multidisciplinary panel of representatives of the Brain Attack Coalition, professional associations, nonprofit stroke organizations, and federal health agencies convened in February 2001 to recommend key data elements. Agreement was reached among all participants before an element was added to the list. Results-The recommended elements included patient-level data to track the process of delivering stroke care from symptom onset through transport to the hospital, emergency department diagnostic evaluation, use of thrombolytic therapy when indicated, other aspects of acute care, referral to rehabilitation services, and 90-day follow-up. Hospital-level measures pertaining to stroke center guidelines were also recommended to augment patient-level data. Conclusions-Routine monitoring of the suggested parameters could promote community awareness campaigns, support quality improvement interventions for stroke care and stroke prevention in each state, and guide professional education in hospital and emergency system settings. Such efforts would reduce disability and death among stroke patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NW Univ, Sch Med, Chicago, IL USA. Stroke Syst Consulting, Dallas, TX USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Dallas, TX USA. Med Coll Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912 USA. VA Med Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. NINDS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Natl Stroke Assoc, Denver, CO USA. Amer Stroke Assoc, Div Amer Heart Assoc, Dallas, TX USA. RP Wattigney, WA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 22 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 151 EP 156 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000048160.41821.B5 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 632XX UT WOS:000180251100040 PM 12511767 ER PT J AU Howard, TD Giles, WH Xu, J Basehore, MJ Malarcher, AM Cole, JW Wozniak, MA Meyers, DA Kittner, SJ AF Howard, TD Giles, WH Xu, J Basehore, MJ Malarcher, AM Cole, JW Wozniak, MA Meyers, DA Kittner, SJ CA Stroke Prevention Young Women Stu TI Promoter polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthase and risk of ischemic stroke: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 13-15, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Human Genom, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Young Women Study Grp, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 244 EP 244 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 632XX UT WOS:000180251100094 ER PT J CA Paul Coverdell Pilot Registry Inve TI Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry: Refinement of data elements for pilot implementation of prototypes SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 13-15, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Paul Coverdell Pilot Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 288 EP 288 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 632XX UT WOS:000180251100324 ER PT J AU Li, RL Mitchell, BD Giles, WH Ofili, E Gibbons, GH Kittner, SJ AF Li, RL Mitchell, BD Giles, WH Ofili, E Gibbons, GH Kittner, SJ TI Family history and stroke risk: The stroke prevention in young women study SO STROKE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 28th International Stroke Conference CY FEB 13-15, 2003 CL PHOENIX, ARIZONA C1 Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JAN PY 2003 VL 34 IS 1 BP 290 EP 291 PG 2 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 632XX UT WOS:000180251100338 ER PT J AU Hollingworth, RM Bjeldanes, LF Bolger, M Kimber, I Meade, BJ Taylor, SL Wallace, KB AF Hollingworth, RM Bjeldanes, LF Bolger, M Kimber, I Meade, BJ Taylor, SL Wallace, KB CA SOT Ad Hoc Working Grp TI The safety of genetically modified foods produced through biotechnology SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME; FEEDING VALUE; CORN POLLEN; EQUIVALENT; SOYBEANS; IMPACT; GENE; IDENTIFICATION; METHYLATION; POPULATIONS C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583 USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Hollingworth, RM (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 47 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 71 IS 1 BP 2 EP 8 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 634VT UT WOS:000180363000001 PM 12520069 ER PT J AU De Rosa, CT Nickle, R Faroon, O Jones, DE AF De Rosa, CT Nickle, R Faroon, O Jones, DE TI The impact of toxicology on public health policy and service: an update SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE human exposure; public health survey ID SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; FISH CONSUMPTION; PERFORMANCE; OUTCOMES; INFANTS; MERCURY AB The Division of Toxicology, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) has a Congressional mandate to develop toxicological profiles for chemicals of greatest concern at hazardous waste sites. These chemical profiles provide a comprehensive evaluation and interpretation of the health effects, chemical and physical properties, production and use, potential for human exposure, analytical methodologies, and regulations and advisories for those chemicals. In addition, these profiles identify critical gaps in the knowledge base for these chemicals and identify levels of significant human exposure. Health assessors and other public health officials use this information to make critical decisions regarding the potential for adverse health effects at hazardous waste sites and other chemical-release events through such activities as public health assessments, chemical-specific and health-specific consultations, health-guidance-value derivations, database development, and emergency response actions. In a previous paper, we provided an overview of six specific public-health activities conducted by the ATSDR Division of Toxicology and examined how these activities have made unique impacts on public health policy and service. In this paper, we follow up on two of these, ATSDR polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) activities and ATSDR mercury activities, and examine their long-term, continually evolving impacts on public health policy and service. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jones, DE (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, MS-E29,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM dej2@cdc.gov NR 37 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ARNOLD, HODDER HEADLINE PLC PI LONDON PA 338 EUSTON ROAD, LONDON NW1 3BH, ENGLAND SN 0748-2337 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PY 2003 VL 19 IS 2-6 BP 115 EP 124 DI 10.1191/0748233703th158oa PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 883PA UT WOS:000226024200010 PM 15697181 ER PT J AU McDonald, LJ Loberg, LI McCormick, DL Gauger, JR Savage, RE Zhu, H Lotz, WG Mandeville, R Owen, RD Cress, LW Desta, AB AF McDonald, LJ Loberg, LI McCormick, DL Gauger, JR Savage, RE Zhu, H Lotz, WG Mandeville, R Owen, RD Cress, LW Desta, AB TI Ornithine decarboxylase activity in tissues from rats exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields, including harmonic and transient field characteristics SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE intermittent exposures; in vivo; multilaboratory analysis; ODC ID CARCINOMA CELLS; COHERENCE TIME; ODC ACTIVITY; POLYAMINE; INDUCTION; MICE; SUPERPOSITION; MICROWAVES; PROMOTER; PROTEIN AB Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is used widely as a biomarker for tumor promotion in animal model systems. Several previous studies have reported increases in ODC activity in tissues of rats exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields. The goals of this study were to confirm these findings and to determine whether ODC activity is increased in tissues of animals exposed to magnetic fields containing complex metrics. Three experiments were conducted in male F344 rats. Each study included a sham control group and a group exposed to pure continuous 60 Hz fields (0.2 mT). Additional groups included animals exposed to randomly time-varying 60 Hz fields (range of 0.02 to 0.2 mT); intermittent 60 Hz fields (2 mT) with on-off cycles ranging from 5 s to 5 min; pure continuous 180 Hz fields (2 mT); 60 Hz fields with a superimposed 3rd harmonic (total field strength, 2 mT); 60 Hz fields with superimposed third, fifth, and seventh harmonics (total field strength, 2 mT); 60 Hz fields (2 mT) with superimposed transients; and randomly time-varying 60 Hz fields (range of 0.02 to 0.2 mT) with superimposed transients. After 4 weeks of exposure (18.5 h/day), eight animals per group were euthanized within 1 h of magnetic field deactivation. Homogenates of liver, kidneys, spleen, and brain were prepared from each animal, quick-frozen, and shipped for analysis by four independent laboratories. No consistent pattern of differences in the ODC activity among experimental groups was found either within a laboratory or among laboratories. The results do not support the hypothesis that exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields stimulates ODC activity. C1 NIOSH, DART, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, Cellular Biochem & Biophys Project, New York, NY 10021 USA. IIT, Res Inst, Life Sci Res Sect, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. IIT, Res Inst, Electromagnet & Elect Syst Sect, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. Biophage Inc, Montreal, PQ, Canada. US FDA, Ctr Devices & Radiol Hlth, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Savage, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, DART, MS C-27,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 31 EP 38 DI 10.1080/15376520390178148 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 637JZ UT WOS:000180509100004 PM 20021180 ER PT J AU Lipscomb, JC Teuschler, LK Swartout, JC Striley, CAF Snawder, JE AF Lipscomb, JC Teuschler, LK Swartout, JC Striley, CAF Snawder, JE TI Variance of microsomal protein and cytochrome P450 2E1 and 3A forms in adult human liver SO TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS LA English DT Article DE cytochrome P450; extrapolation; human liver; pharmacokinetics; risk assessment ID IN-VIVO; INTERINDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES; METABOLISM; VITRO; TRICHLOROETHYLENE; POLYMORPHISM; UNCERTAINTY; PREDICTION; EXPRESSION; ENZYMES AB Differences in the pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics among humans makes them differentially susceptible to risk. Differences in enzyme content can mediate pharmacokinetic differences. Microsomal protein is often isolated from liver to characterize enzyme content and activity, but no measures exist to extrapolate these data to the intact liver. Measures were developed from up to 60 samples of adult human liver to characterize the content of microsomal protein and cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Statistical evaluations are necessary to estimate values far from the mean value. Adult human liver contains 52.9 +/- 1.476 mg microsomal protein per g; 2587 +/- 1.84 pmoles CYP2E1 per g; and 5237 +/- 2.214 pmols CYP3A per g (geometric mean +/- geometric standard deviation). These values are useful for identifying and testing susceptibility as a function of enzyme content when used to extrapolate in vitro rates of chemical metabolism for input to physiologically based pharmacokinetic models which can then be exercised to quantify the effect of variance in enzyme expression on risk-relevant pharmacokinetic outcomes. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Lipscomb, JC (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,MD-190, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1537-6524 J9 TOXICOL MECH METHOD JI Toxicol. Mech. Methods PD JAN-MAR PY 2003 VL 13 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1080/15376520390178193 PG 7 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 637JZ UT WOS:000180509100006 PM 20021182 ER PT J AU Muck, AE Pires, ML Lammie, PJ AF Muck, AE Pires, ML Lammie, PJ TI Influence of infection with non-filarial helminths on the specificity of serological assays for antifilarial immunoglobulin G4 SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Royal-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY MAY 17, 2001 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Royal Soc Trop Med & Hygiene DE lymphatic filariasis; Brugia malayi; Brugia pahangi; Strongyloides; diagnosis; ELISA; Brazil ID BRUGIA-MALAYI INFECTION; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; ANTIBODY-ASSAY; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS; EGYPT AB Serological assays based on the detection of immunoglobulin (Ig) G4 antibodies to crude filarial extracts are widely used for epidemiological and diagnostic purposes. We tested 195 samples collected in 1998 from an area of Brazil where filariasis is not endemic and 13 (6.7%) had levels of antifilarial IgG4 antibodies that were defined as positive. Both Strongyloides infection and the presence of Strongyloides antibody responses were associated with higher antifilarial antibody responses. None of the specimens had a positive response to the Brugia malayi recombinant antigen (Bm14). These data suggest that serodiagnostic assays based on the use of crude filarial antigens should be interpreted with caution because of the potential for cross-reactivity with Strongyloides. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Sao Paulo Hosp, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, F 13,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 2003 VL 97 IS 1 BP 88 EP 90 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(03)90033-2 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 702NY UT WOS:000184231000022 PM 12886811 ER PT J AU Garraud, O Mahanty, S Perraut, R AF Garraud, O Mahanty, S Perraut, R TI Malaria-specific antibody subclasses in immune individuals: a key source of information for vaccine design SO TRENDS IN IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; IN-VITRO; MEDIATED PROTECTION; SENEGALESE ADULTS; CLINICAL IMMUNITY; SERUM ANTIBODIES; B-LYMPHOCYTES; ENDEMIC AREA AB Immunity against the blood stage of Plasmodium falciparum malaria is associated with protective-type antibodies of certain classes and subclasses. Field studies have demonstrated the differential regulation of various IgG subclasses depending on the dynamics of parasite transmission and on the immune status of the individuals tested. The intrinsic properties of each IgG subclass has a crucial role in protection, both because immunoglobulin levels are dependent on their production and clearance from blood and because antibodies are actively used for parasite clearance.. In vitro models using B cells obtained from P. falciparum-immune adults have enabled study of the production of various antibody subclasses depending on the individual and on the antigens used. Ex, vivo and in vitro observations from immune donors have helped to extend our understanding of the development and regulation of the antibody response and to design more effective vaccine strategies. C1 Univ St Etienne, GIMAP EA 3064, Fac Med, F-42023 St Etienne, France. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Pasteur, Immunol Lab, Dakar, Senegal. RP Garraud, O (reprint author), Univ St Etienne, GIMAP EA 3064, Fac Med, 15 Rue Ambroise Pare, F-42023 St Etienne, France. EM olivier.garraud@univ-st-etienne.fr OI Mahanty, Siddhartha/0000-0003-1068-0524 NR 53 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-4906 J9 TRENDS IMMUNOL JI Trends Immunol. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 24 IS 1 BP 30 EP 35 AR PII S1471-4906(02)00012-1 DI 10.1016/S1471-4906(02)00012-1 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 632GQ UT WOS:000180215900012 PM 12495722 ER PT J AU Brunetti, E Schantz, PM Zeyhle, E Filice, C AF Brunetti, E Schantz, PM Zeyhle, E Filice, C TI Treatment of echinococcosis at rural hospital level in Africa SO TROPICAL DOCTOR LA English DT Letter ID PERCUTANEOUS DRAINAGE; HYDATID CYSTS; ASPIRATION; INJECTION; LIVER; PAIR C1 Univ Pavia, IRCCS S Matteo, Div Infect & Trop Dis, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. African Med & Res Fdn, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Brunetti, E (reprint author), Univ Pavia, IRCCS S Matteo, Div Infect & Trop Dis, Via Palestro 3, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0049-4755 J9 TROP DOCT JI Trop. Dr. PD JAN PY 2003 VL 33 IS 1 BP 58 EP 59 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 638EM UT WOS:000180558700028 PM 12568532 ER PT J AU Lindblade, KA Odhiambo, F Rosen, DH DeCock, KM AF Lindblade, KA Odhiambo, F Rosen, DH DeCock, KM TI Health and nutritional status of orphans < 6 years old cared for by relatives in western Kenya SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE orphanhood; HIV; morbidity; AIDS orphans; Kenya; Africa ID CHILDREN; AIDS; INFECTION; MORTALITY; COHORT; IMPACT; RISK AB One of the consequences of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa is the increase in the number of orphans, estimated to have reached 6-11% of children <15 years old in 2000. Orphans who stay in their communities may be at increased risk for poor health due to reduced circumstances and loss of parental care. We have used data from a population-based study in rural western Kenya to compare basic health and nutritional indicators between non-orphaned children <6 years old and children who lost either or both of their parents. In June 2000, all children <6 years old who had been recruited for a cross-sectional survey in 60 villages of Rarieda Division, western Kenya, in June 1999 were invited to return for a follow-up survey. Basic demographic characteristics, including the vital status of the child's parents, and health histories were requested from all 1190 participants of the follow-up survey, along with a finger-prick blood sample for determination of malaria parasite status and haemoglobin (Hb) levels. Height-for-age (H/A) and weight-for-height (W/H) Z- scores were also calculated from anthropometric measurements. Overall, 7.9% of the children had lost one or both their parents (6.4% had lost their father, 0.8% had lost their mother and 0.7% had lost both parents). While there was no difference between orphans and non-orphans regarding most of the key health indicators (prevalence of fever and malaria parasitaemia, history of illness, Hb levels, H/A Z scores), W/H Z- scores in orphans were almost 0.3 standard deviations lower than those of non-orphans. This association was more pronounced among paternal orphans and those who had lost a parent more than 1 year ago. These results suggest that the health status of surviving orphans living in their community is similar to that of the non-orphan population, but longitudinal cohort studies should be conducted to determine better the overall impact of orphanhood on child health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Lindblade, KA (reprint author), CDC, KEMRI, Unit 64112, APO, AE 09831 USA. NR 17 TC 64 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD JAN PY 2003 VL 8 IS 1 BP 67 EP 72 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2003.00987.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 636UR UT WOS:000180476100013 PM 12535253 ER PT J AU Schneider, E Castro, KG AF Schneider, E Castro, KG TI Tuberculosis trends in the United States, 1992-2001 SO TUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th World Congress on Tuberculosis CY JUN 03-05, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. ID DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; NEW-YORK-CITY; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; CROSS-CONTAMINATION AB At the time of the Last world congress on tuberculosis (TB) in 1992, the United States (US) was experiencing an unprecedented resurgence of TB. Since the mid-1950s, TB incidence had been steadily decreasing, until 1984 when this longstanding trend was reversed. The annual national total of TB cases continued to increase and peaked in 1992 with 26,673 TB cases reported (10.5 TB cases per 100,000 population). A prompt and formidable response from local, state, and federal governments helped curb the resurgence. From 1992 to 2001, total TB incidence decreased by 40% to an all-time low of 15,989 TB cases reported in 2001. The decrease in TB cases from 2000 to 2001, however, was the smallest (2.4%) since the resurgence a decade ago. This report will briefly review the trends and factors associated with the TB resurgence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and provide a detailed description of specific TB trends in the US between 1992 and 2001. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV,STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schneider, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV,STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd Mailstop E-10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 58 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1472-9792 J9 TUBERCULOSIS JI Tuberculosis PY 2003 VL 83 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S1472-9792(02)00075-6 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System SC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System GA 689WQ UT WOS:000183516300005 PM 12758185 ER PT J AU Zhu, WM Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TM AF Zhu, WM Plikaytis, BB Shinnick, TM TI Resuscitation factors from mycobacteria: homologs of Micrococcus luteus proteins SO TUBERCULOSIS LA English DT Article DE resuscitation factor; growth promotion; dormancy ID STATIONARY-PHASE; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; GROWTH-FACTOR; TUBERCULOSIS; CULTURES; CELLS; DISEASE; PARATUBERCULOSIS; RECOVERY; BACTEC AB Setting: Resuscitation promoting factors (Rpfs) are proteins, originally identified in Micrococcus luteus, that promote recovery of bacteria from a viable but non-replicating phase (e.g., stationary phase or latency) to a replicating phase. Purified A luteus Rpf can stimulate growth and increase recovery of M. luteus bacteria as welt as Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria from prolonged stationary cultures. Objective: To clone and characterize Rpfs from mycobacteria. Design: We cloned one M. avium, subsp. paratuberculosis rpf gene and one M. tuberculosis rpf gene into the pET19b or pET21a vector for expression in Escherichia coli. The His-tag recombinant proteins were purified and characterized. Results: When the purified recombinant proteins were added to Sauton medium (a relatively minimal medium) at 100-500 pM, tag phase for mycobacteria from non-replicating cultures was shortened and there was a 10- to 100-fold increase in colony-forming units compared with control samples. In most probable number assays, the mycobacterial Rpfs increased recovery of mycobacteria from late stationary culture by about 10-fold. The Rpfs also promoted recovery of extensively washed Mycobacterium smegmatis bacteria inoculated into Sauton medium. Rpfs had only minor effects on growth of M. tuberculosis in BACTEC 12B broth, a rich medium. Conclusion: The mycobacterial Rpfs demonstrate resuscitation activities similar to those of the M. luteus Rpf. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shinnick, TM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 25 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 5 PU CHURCHILL LIVINGSTONE PI EDINBURGH PA JOURNAL PRODUCTION DEPT, ROBERT STEVENSON HOUSE, 1-3 BAXTERS PLACE, LEITH WALK, EDINBURGH EH1 3AF, MIDLOTHIAN, SCOTLAND SN 1472-9792 J9 TUBERCULOSIS JI Tuberculosis PY 2003 VL 83 IS 4 BP 261 EP 269 DI 10.1016/S1472-9792(03)00052-0 PG 9 WC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System SC Immunology; Microbiology; Respiratory System GA 715FB UT WOS:000184959000004 PM 12906837 ER PT B AU Fedeyko, HJ Lollar, DJ AF Fedeyko, Holly J. Lollar, Donald J. BE Altman, BM Barnartt, SN Hendershot, GE Larson, SA TI CLASSIFYING DISABILITY DATA: A FRESH, INTEGRATIVE PERSPECTIVE SO USING SURVEY DATA TO STUDY DISABILITY: RESULTS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY ON DISABILITY SE Research in Social Science and Disability LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB The objective of this study is to show the utility of the newly-approved World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a framework for organizing data from the National Health Interview Survey describing limitations in life activities among the U. S. population. Data were obtained from the 1994 to 1995 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Disability Supplement, Phase I (n = 202,569). Forty-two items were selected from the survey to operationalize selected life domains of the ICF. Results indicated a prevalence rate of 19% for at least one life-domain limitation, with rates of limitations increasing with age, lower income and less education. Movement limitations were most frequently reported across the sample, but variations occurred within demographic characteristics. Life activities by sex and race produced noteworthy differences, by race/ethnicity generally, and by sex and race/ethnicity specifically. An example of mental health issues highlighted the use of the framework for health outcomes. The ICF provides a foundational conceptual and classification system for improving disability science. These data suggest that the ICF has utility by providing data consistent with other disability measures, while providing an expanded and integrated model for science and policy. Fresh information is gleaned from organizing the data by ICF's personal activity limitations. Differences by demographics across life domains, for example, can be more clearly presented and future analyses can assess associated impairments and environmental factors, including health service planning, health promotion, and access to care. The system can frame coherent integrated public health science and associated interventions to address the health and well being of people with disabilities. C1 [Fedeyko, Holly J.] CDC, Disabil & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Lollar, Donald J.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7623-1007-4 J9 RES SOC SCI DISABIL PY 2003 VL 3 BP 55 EP 72 DI 10.1016/S1479-3547(03)03004-5 PG 18 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA BOH58 UT WOS:000276666300004 ER PT J AU Honeycutt, AA Grosse, SD Dunlap, LJ Schendel, DE Chen, H Brann, E al Homsi, G AF Honeycutt, Amanda A. Grosse, Scott D. Dunlap, Laura J. Schendel, Diana E. Chen, Hong Brann, Edward al Homsi, Ghada BE Altman, BM Barnartt, SN Hendershot, GE Larson, SA TI ECONOMIC COSTS OF MENTAL RETARDATION, CEREBRAL PALSY, HEARING LOSS, AND VISION IMPAIRMENT SO USING SURVEY DATA TO STUDY DISABILITY: RESULTS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY ON DISABILITY SE Research in Social Science and Disability LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DEVELOPMENTAL-DISABILITIES; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; UNITED-STATES; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; MORTALITY; ILLNESS AB The purpose of this study was to assess lifetime economic costs for people with four developmental disabilities (DDs): mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, and vision impairment. Estimates were generated for direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, and productivity losses resulting from increased morbidity and premature mortality. Findings suggest that lifetime costs, in excess of costs for individuals without DDs, are approximately $870,000 per person for mental retardation and $800,000 per person for cerebral palsy (in 2000 dollars). Analogous cost estimates for hearing loss and vision impairment are approximately $330,000 and $470,000, respectively. Roughly four-fifths of total costs reflect productivity losses. C1 [Honeycutt, Amanda A.; Chen, Hong] RTI Int, Div Hlth Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Dunlap, Laura J.; al Homsi, Ghada] RTI Int, Ctr Interdisciplinary Subst Abuse Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Brann, Edward] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Div Human Dev & Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Honeycutt, AA (reprint author), RTI Int, Div Hlth Econ Res, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7623-1007-4 J9 RES SOC SCI DISABIL PY 2003 VL 3 BP 207 EP 228 DI 10.1016/S1479-3547(03)03011-2 PG 22 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA BOH58 UT WOS:000276666300011 ER PT J AU Altman, BM Rasch, EK AF Altman, Barbara M. Rasch, Elizabeth K. BE Altman, BM Barnartt, SN Hendershot, GE Larson, SA TI DISABILITY AMONG NATIVE AMERICANS SO USING SURVEY DATA TO STUDY DISABILITY: RESULTS FROM THE NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY ON DISABILITY SE Research in Social Science and Disability LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BEHAVIORAL RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; HEALTH-STATUS; INDIANS; PREVALENCE; POPULATIONS; HISPANICS; MORTALITY AB Now that the threat of infectious disease is under control among the Native American population, the prevalence of chronic disease and occupational illness has become the focus of concern, particularly in relation to associated mortality and morbidity. This analysis addresses the issue of disability as caused by chronic illness, accidents and occupational illness among native populations and provides prevalence estimates of disability as measured by functional and activity limitations. The analysis also provides a description of the socioeconomic situation among Native Americans with various impairments and limitations. Compared to whites, blacks and persons of other races, Native Americans report the highest levels of impairment and functional and activity limitations. Overall, 32% report some type of limitation. As for those of all other races, the rates of prevalence increase with age and are associated with low levels of education and income. However, the rates among the youngest age group of Native Americans are greater whether examining physical limitations or task/activity limitations. Logistic regression analysis indicates that when controlling for all the characteristics commonly associated with limitations and impairment, race continues to be a predictor of both physical and task/activity limitations, with Native Americans 29% more likely to report some form of limitation. C1 [Altman, Barbara M.; Rasch, Elizabeth K.] CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. [Altman, Barbara M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Altman, BM (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7623-1007-4 J9 RES SOC SCI DISABIL PY 2003 VL 3 BP 299 EP 326 DI 10.1016/S1479-3547(03)03015-X PG 28 WC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Sociology SC Rehabilitation; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Sociology GA BOH58 UT WOS:000276666300015 ER PT B AU Sleet, DA Mercy, JA AF Sleet, DA Mercy, JA BE Borenstein, MH Davidson, L Keyes, CLM Moore, KA TI Promotion of safety, security, and well-being SO WELL-BEING: POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE SE CROSSCURRENTS IN CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Well-Being CY JUN 20-22, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA ID INJURY PREVENTION; YOUTH VIOLENCE; RISK; CHILDHOOD; CHILDREN; HISTORY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Sleet, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 66 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-4035-4 J9 CROSS CONT PY 2003 BP 81 EP 97 PG 17 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Pediatrics GA BW36S UT WOS:000181753000007 ER PT B AU Smith, DC AF Smith, DC BE Borenstein, MH Davidson, L Keyes, CLM Moore, KA TI Problem solving as an element of developmental well-being SO WELL-BEING: POSITIVE DEVELOPMENT ACROSS THE LIFE COURSE SE CROSSCURRENTS IN CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Well-Being CY JUN 20-22, 2000 CL ATLANTA, GA ID CHILDREN; KNOWLEDGE; CHILDHOOD; PRESCHOOL C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Smith, DC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 63 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOC PUBL PI MAHWAH PA 10 INDUSTRIAL AVE, MAHWAH, NJ 07430 USA BN 0-8058-4035-4 J9 CROSS CONT PY 2003 BP 321 EP 330 PG 10 WC Psychology, Developmental; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Pediatrics GA BW36S UT WOS:000181753000024 ER PT J AU Cabral, RJ Posner, SF Macaluso, M Artz, LM Johnson, C Pulley, L AF Cabral, RJ Posner, SF Macaluso, M Artz, LM Johnson, C Pulley, L TI Do main partner conflict, power dynamics, and control over use of male condoms predict subsequent use of the female condom? SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE female condoms; gender ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED-DISEASE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; HIV PREVENTION; ACCEPTABILITY; INTERVENTION; RISK; EMPOWERMENT; ATTITUDES; ETHNICITY; BARRIERS AB This study assessed hypotheses that measures of power and control over male condom (MC) use Would predict use of the female condom (FC) among women with main partners from two public STD clinics (n = 616). The women (mean age 24 years, 87% African American) were enrolled in an intervention Study to promote barrier contraceptive use and were interviewed at baseline and at 6 monthly follow-up visits. Seven baseline predictor variables were assessed: her having requested MC use, his having objected, her having wanted a MC used but not asking, percentage of MC use, perceived control over MC use, anticipated consequences Of refusing unprotected sex, and physical violence. In the first Poisson regression analysis, none of the hypothesized predictors was significantly associated with FC use during follow LIP. In the second regression analysis, which assessed the influence of the hypothesized set of predictors oil follow-up FC use in Situations when MCs were not used, we found two effects. Either no or inconsistent MC use before Study entry was associated with less subsequent FC use women who reported, at study entry, having more control over MC use were more likely to use FCs during follow up. We found no evidence of adoption of the FC by women in relationships marked by history of conflict over the MC, circumstances in which alternatives are most needed. Oil the contrary, we found that women with I history of control and consistent use of MCs were the most likely users of FCs when MCs were not used. (C) 2003 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Cabral, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, MS K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015; OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690; Posner, Samuel/0000-0003-1574-585X NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2003 VL 38 IS 1 BP 37 EP 52 DI 10.1300/J013v38n01_03 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 737AL UT WOS:000186203400003 PM 14535605 ER PT J AU Semaan, S Lauby, J O'Connell, AA Cohen, A AF Semaan, S Lauby, J O'Connell, AA Cohen, A TI Factors associated with perceptions of, and decisional balance for, condom use with main partner among women at risk for HIV infection SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE HIV prevention; decisional balance; condom use; at-risk women; heterosexual transmission; sexual behavior change ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; TRANSTHEORETICAL MODEL; CONTRACEPTIVE USE; NATIONAL-SURVEY; ALCOHOL-USE; PREVENTION; BEHAVIORS; EXERCISE; SMOKING; CHALLENGES AB We examined factors associated with women's perceived advantages (pros), perceived disadvantages (cons), and decisional balance (standardized pros score minus standardized cons score) for condom use with main partner. Data from 1,938 young sexually active women who lived in five U.S. cities where the risk for human immunodeficiency virus is high were analyzed by using logistic, ordinal, and multiple linear regression analysis. For the pros scale of condom use, 27% of the women had low scores, and 33% had moderate scores. For the cons scale, 27% had moderate scores, and 5% had high scores. Of the total, 47% had a negative score on the decisional balance measure. Older age, living with a spouse or partner, or binge drinking was associated with lower pros scores and with a negative score on the decisional balance measure. Income from public assistance was associated with higher pros scores. Income from a spouse or partner or a history of sexually transmitted disease was associated with lower pros scores. Multiple sex partners or being at risk for HIV infection (based on perceptions of the main partner's behaviors) was associated with higher cons scores. Income from a job was associated with a positive score on the decisional balance measure. Our analysis identified the characteristics of women who have low pros scores, high cons scores, and negative decisional balance scores. The regression results can inform our work in HIV prevention on whether to focus on the pros, the cons, or both to obtain positive decisional balance scores and increase condom use in situations that warrant protective behaviors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Philadelphia Hlth Management Corp, Div Res & Evaluat, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Connecticut, Dept Educ Psychol, Storrs, CT USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Semaan, S (reprint author), CDC, Mail Stop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM SSemaan@cdc.gov RI O'Connell, Ann/A-6833-2013; Cohen, Abigail/K-9180-2013 OI Cohen, Abigail/0000-0002-7425-7218 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2003 VL 37 IS 3 BP 53 EP 69 DI 10.1300/J013v37n03_04 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 695PA UT WOS:000183838400004 PM 12839307 ER PT S AU Chapman, LE AF Chapman, LE BE Salomon, DR Wilson, C TI Xenotransplantation: Public health risks - Patient vs. society in an emerging field SO XENO-TRANSPLANTATION SE Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology LA English DT Review ID PORCINE ENDOGENOUS RETROVIRUS; CRIMEAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; AVIAN-LEUKOSIS VIRUS; TISSUE-TRANSPLANTATION; BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER; VACCINE RECIPIENTS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASE; MUMPS VACCINES; NO EVIDENCE; HUMAN-CELLS AB Xenotransplantation is a public health concern because it has the potential to infect human recipients with zoonotic and other infectious agents that are not endemic in human populations, thereby potentially introducing new infections to the human community. From this perspective, xenotransplantation clinical trials combine a potential benefit for individual recipients with a potential risk to the human community. However, the potential for benefit also extends beyond the individual recipient to society as a whole, a fact infrequently recognized in discussions of this topic. Further, diseases neither endemic in human communities nor recognized as classic zoonoses are introduced into humans periodically through routine interactions between human and nonhuman animals. Thus, xenotransplantation is one of multiple potential routes by which infectious agents of nonhuman origin may enter human ecosystems. The intentional and controlled nature of xenotransplantation exposures enables implementation of measures to minimize associated biohazards. Development of guidelines and implementation of regulatory oversight of xenotransplantation clinical trials in most nations where such research occurs has promoted a standard level of practice in the field and markedly reduced the risk of xenotransplant-introduced infection compared to the situation in 1995. C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chapman, LE (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM lec3@cdc.gov NR 89 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X BN 3-540-00210-3 J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2003 VL 278 BP 23 EP 45 PG 23 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BX55Q UT WOS:000185672800002 PM 12934940 ER PT J AU Nsubuga, P McDonnell, S Perkins, B Sutter, R Quick, L White, M Cochi, S Otten, M AF Nsubuga, P McDonnell, S Perkins, B Sutter, R Quick, L White, M Cochi, S Otten, M TI Polio eradication initiative in Africa: influence on other infectious disease surveillance development SO BMC PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ETHICAL DILEMMAS AB Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) and partners are collaborating to eradicate poliomyelitis. To monitor progress, countries perform surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP). The WHO African Regional Office (WHO-AFRO) and the U. S Centers for Disease Control and Prevention are also involved in strengthening infectious disease surveillance and response in Africa. We assessed whether polio-eradication initiative resources are used in the surveillance for and response to other infectious diseases in Africa. Methods: During October 1999-March 2000, we developed and administered a survey questionnaire to at least one key informant from the 38 countries that regularly report on polio activities to WHO. The key informants included WHO-AFRO staff assigned to the countries and Ministry of Health personnel. Results: We obtained responses from 32 (84%) of the 38 countries. Thirty-one (97%) of the 32 countries had designated surveillance officers for AFP surveillance, and 25 (78%) used the AFP resources for the surveillance and response to other infectious diseases. In 28 (87%) countries, AFP program staff combined detection for AFP and other infectious diseases. Fourteen countries (44%) had used the AFP laboratory specimen transportation system to transport specimens to confirm other infectious disease outbreaks. The majority of the countries that performed AFP surveillance adequately (i.e., non polio AFP rate=1/100,000 children aged <15 years) in 1999 had added 1 5 diseases to their AFP surveillance program. Conclusions: Despite concerns regarding the targeted nature of AFP surveillance, it is partially integrated into existing surveillance and response systems in multiple African countries. Resources provided for polio eradication should be used to improve surveillance for and response to other priority infectious diseases in Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. RP Nsubuga, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2458 J9 BMC PUBLIC HEALTH JI BMC Public Health PD DEC 27 PY 2002 VL 2 AR 27 DI 10.1186/1471-2458-2-27 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 634RM UT WOS:000180354500001 PM 12502431 ER PT J AU Azevedo, SMFO Carmichael, WW Jochimsen, EM Rinehart, KL Lau, S Shaw, GR Eaglesham, GK AF Azevedo, SMFO Carmichael, WW Jochimsen, EM Rinehart, KL Lau, S Shaw, GR Eaglesham, GK TI Human intoxication by microcystins during renal dialysis treatment in Caruaru-Brazil SO TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Congress of Toxicology (ICT IX) CY JUL 08-12, 2001 CL QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA DE cyanobacteria; microcystins; cylindrospermopsin; human health ID AERUGINOSA; CYANOBACTERIA; WATER; TOXIN; CYANOTOXINS; HEPATOCYTES AB In February 1996, an outbreak of illness occurred at a hemodialysis clinic in Caruaru, Pernambuco State-Brazil. At this clinic 116 (89%) of 131 patients experienced visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, and muscle weakness, following routine haemodialysis treatment. Subsequently, 100 patients developed acute liver failure. As of December 1996, 52 of the deaths could be attributed to a common syndrome now called 'Caruaru Syndrome'. Examination of previous years' phytoplankton counts showed that cyanobacteria were dominant in the water supply reservoir since 1990. Analyses of carbon and other resins from the clinic's water treatment system plus serum and liver tissue of patients led to the identification of two groups of hepatotoxic cyanotoxins: microcystins (cyclic heptapeptides) in all of these samples and cylindrospermopsin (alkaloid hepatotoxic) in the carbon and resins. Comparison of victims symptoms and pathology with animal studies on these two cyanotoxins, leads us to conclude that the major contributing factor to death of the dialysis patients was intravenous exposure to microcystins, specifically microcystin-YR, -LR and -AR. In 2000, a review of the Brazilian regulation for drinking water quality, promoted by Brazilian Health Ministry with collaboration of PAHO, incorporated cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins into this new regulation as parameters that must to be monitored for water quality control. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Wright State Univ, Dept Sci Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. CDC, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Illinois, Roger Adams Lab, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Azevedo, SMFO (reprint author), Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Inst Biofis Carlos Chagas Filho, BR-21949900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 15 TC 312 Z9 349 U1 4 U2 81 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0300-483X J9 TOXICOLOGY JI Toxicology PD DEC 27 PY 2002 VL 181 BP 441 EP 446 AR PII S0300-483X(02)00491-2 DI 10.1016/S0300-483X(02)00491-2 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 639TX UT WOS:000180646400074 PM 12505349 ER PT J AU Bolen, J Helmick, CG Sacks, JJ Langmaid, G AF Bolen, J Helmick, CG Sacks, JJ Langmaid, G TI Prevalence of self-reported arthritis or chronic joint symptoms among adults - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 948-950, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bolen, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 25 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 24 BP 3103 EP 3104 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 628QQ UT WOS:000180008200009 ER PT J AU Oberste, S LaMonte, A Khetsuriani, N Hsu, V Mullins, J AF Oberste, S LaMonte, A Khetsuriani, N Hsu, V Mullins, J TI Enterovirus surveillance - United States, 2000-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1047-1049, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Associated Res & Univ Pathologists Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Texas Childrens Hosp, Diagnost Virol Lab, Houston, TX 77030 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Oberste, S (reprint author), Associated Res & Univ Pathologists Labs, Diagnost Virol Lab, Salt Lake City, UT USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 25 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 24 BP 3104 EP 3105 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 628QQ UT WOS:000180008200010 ER PT J AU Dermody, T Spring, M Dixon, K Schaffner, W Jones, T BeVille, J Craig, A Swinger, G Rupprecht, C Kirschke, D O'Reilly, M AF Dermody, T Spring, M Dixon, K Schaffner, W Jones, T BeVille, J Craig, A Swinger, G Rupprecht, C Kirschke, D O'Reilly, M TI Human rabies - Tennessee, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 828-829, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dermody, T (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 25 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 24 BP 3105 EP 3106 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 628QQ UT WOS:000180008200011 ER PT J AU Glass, GE Yates, TL Fine, JB Shields, TM Kendall, JB Hope, AG Parmenter, CA Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG Li, CS Patz, JA Mills, JN AF Glass, GE Yates, TL Fine, JB Shields, TM Kendall, JB Hope, AG Parmenter, CA Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG Li, CS Patz, JA Mills, JN TI Satellite imagery characterizes local animal reservoir populations of Sin Nombre virus in the southwestern United States SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; RODENT POPULATIONS; NATURAL-HISTORY; LONG-TERM; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; ARIZONA AB The relationship between the risk of hantaviral pulmonary syndrome (HIPS), as estimated from satellite imagery, and local rodent populations was examined. HIPS risk, predicted before rodent sampling, was highly associated with the abundance of Peromyscus maniculatus, the reservoir of Sin Nombre virus (SNV). P. maniculatus were common in high-risk sites, and populations in high-risk areas were skewed toward adult males, the subclass most frequently infected with SNV. In the year after an El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), captures of P. maniculatus increased only in high-risk areas. During 1998, few sites had infected mice, but by 1999, 18/20 of the high-risk sites contained infected mice and the crude prevalence was 30.8%. Only 1/18 of the low-risk sites contained infected rodents, and the prevalence of infection was lower (8.3%). Satellite imagery identified environmental features associated with SNV transmission within its reservoir population, but at least 2 years of high-risk conditions were needed for SNV to reach high prevalence. Areas with persistently high-risk environmental conditions may serve as refugia for the survival of SNV in local mouse populations. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. RP Glass, GE (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, W Harry Feinstone Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 20 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 11 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 24 PY 2002 VL 99 IS 26 BP 16817 EP 16822 DI 10.1073/pnas.252617999 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 630HN UT WOS:000180101600057 PM 12473747 ER PT J AU Kalish, ML Korber, BT Pillai, S Robbins, KE Leo, YS Saekhou, A Verghese, I Gerrish, P Goh, CL Lupo, D Tan, BH Brown, TM Chan, R AF Kalish, ML Korber, BT Pillai, S Robbins, KE Leo, YS Saekhou, A Verghese, I Gerrish, P Goh, CL Lupo, D Tan, BH Brown, TM Chan, R TI The sequential introduction of HIV-1 subtype B and CRF01_AE in Singapore by sexual transmission: Accelerated V3 region evolution in a subpopulation of Asian CRF01 viruses SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE HIV-1; Singapore; CRF01_AE; V3 loop; envelope sequences; diversity; glycosylation sites; risk group; evolution; Asia ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; N-LINKED GLYCOSYLATION; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; DEFICIENCY SYNDROME AIDS; AMINO-ACID SUBSTITUTION; LANGERHANS CELL TROPISM; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; NORTHERN THAILAND; GENETIC DIVERSITY AB The rapid spread of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) circulating recombinant form (CRF) 01_AE throughout Asia demonstrates the dynamic nature of emerging epidemics. To further characterize the dissemination of these strains regionally, we sequenced 58 strains from Singapore and found that subtype B and CRF01 were introduced separately, by homosexual and heterosexual transmission, respectively. Protein similarity scores of the Singapore CRF01, as well as all Asian strains, demonstrated a complex distribution of scores in the V3 loop-some strains had very similar V3 loop sequences, while others were highly divergent. Furthermore, we found a strong correlation between the loss of a V3 glycosylation site and the divergent strains. This suggests that loss of this glycosylation site may make the V3 loop more susceptible to immune surveillance. The identification of a rapidly evolving population of CRF01_AE variants should be considered when designing new candidate vaccines and when evaluating breakthrough strains from current vaccine trials. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Communicable Dis Ctr, Singapore 308205, Singapore. Natl Skin Ctr, Singapore 1130, Singapore. RP Kalish, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Gerrish, Philip/0000-0001-6393-0553; Korber, Bette/0000-0002-2026-5757 NR 84 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 20 PY 2002 VL 304 IS 2 BP 311 EP 329 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1691 PG 19 WC Virology SC Virology GA 629QM UT WOS:000180060400017 PM 12504572 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Sulaiman, IM Ryan, UM Zhou, L Atwill, ER Tischler, ML Zhang, XC Fayer, R AF Xiao, LH Sulaiman, IM Ryan, UM Zhou, L Atwill, ER Tischler, ML Zhang, XC Fayer, R TI Host adaptation and host-parasite co-evolution in Cryptosporidium: implications for taxonomy and public health SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Camosporidium; taxonomy; systematics; evolution; host adaptation; phylogenetics; public health ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS; IDENTIFICATION; MELEAGRIDIS; PARVUM; GENE; INFECTIONS; ISOLATE; CATTLE AB To assess the genetic diversity and evolution of Cryptosporidium parasites, the partial ssrRNA, actin, and 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) genes of 15 new Cryptosporidium parasites were sequenced. Sequence data were analysed together with those previously obtained from other Cryptosporidium parasites (10 Cryptosporidium spp. and eight Cryptosporidium genotypes). Results of this multi-locus genetic characterisation indicate that host adaptation is a general phenomenon in the genus Cryptosporidium, because specific genotypes were usually associated with specific groups of animals. On the other hand, host-parasite co-evolution is also common in Cryptosporidium, as closely related hosts usually had related Cryptosporidium parasites. Results of phylogenetic analyses suggest that the Cryptosporidium parvum bovine genotype and Cryptosporidium meleagridis were originally parasites of rodents and mammals, respectively, but have subsequently expanded their host ranges to include humans. Understanding the evolution of Cryptosporidium species is important not only for clarification of the taxonomy of the parasites but also for assessment of the public health significance of Cryptosporidium parasites from animals. (C) 2002 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Murdoch Univ, State Agr Biotechnol Ctr, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Vet Med Teaching & Res Ctr, Tulare, CA 93274 USA. Benedictine Univ, Lisle, IL 60532 USA. Changchun Univ Agr & Anim Sci, Changchun 130062, Peoples R China. USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Xiao, LH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 38 TC 183 Z9 205 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC 19 PY 2002 VL 32 IS 14 BP 1773 EP 1785 AR PII S0020-7519(02)00197-2 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(02)00197-2 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 626XG UT WOS:000179898700012 PM 12464424 ER PT J AU Whiticar, PM Ohye, RG Lee, MV Bauer, HM Bolan, G Wang, SA Gunn, RA Weinstock, HS Berman, SM Mark, KE Newman, LM AF Whiticar, PM Ohye, RG Lee, MV Bauer, HM Bolan, G Wang, SA Gunn, RA Weinstock, HS Berman, SM Mark, KE Newman, LM TI Increases in fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae - Hawaii and California, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1041-1044, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whiticar, PM (reprint author), Hawaii State Dept Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RI Bolan, Nanthi/E-8535-2011 OI Bolan, Nanthi/0000-0003-2056-1692 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 23 BP 2961 EP 2963 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 626CG UT WOS:000179854200010 ER PT J AU Heffelfinger, JD Weinstock, HS Berman, SM Swint, EB AF Heffelfinger, JD Weinstock, HS Berman, SM Swint, EB TI Primary and secondary syphilis - United States, 2000-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 971-973, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heffelfinger, JD (reprint author), CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 23 BP 2963 EP 2965 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 626CG UT WOS:000179854200012 ER PT J AU Wiersma, S Cooper, S Knight, R Kennedy, AM Joiner, S Belay, E Schonberger, LB AF Wiersma, S Cooper, S Knight, R Kennedy, AM Joiner, S Belay, E Schonberger, LB TI Probable variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a US resident - Florida, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 927-929, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Western Gen Hosp, Natl Creutzfeldt Jakob Dis Surveillance Unit, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, Midlothian, Scotland. St Marys Hosp, Dept Neurol, Natl Prion Clin, London, England. Inst Neurol, Dept Neurodegenerat Dis, MRC, Prion Unit, London WC1N 3BG, England. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wiersma, S (reprint author), Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 23 BP 2965 EP 2967 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 626CG UT WOS:000179854200013 ER PT J AU Anderson, SM Verchick, L Sowadsky, R Civen, R Mohle-Boetani, JC Werner, SB Starr, M Abbott, S Gutierrez, M Palumbo, M Farrar, J Shillam, P Umland, E Tanuz, M Sewell, M Cato, J Keene, W Goldoft, M Hofmann, J Kobayashi, J Waller, P Braden, C Djomand, G Reller, M Chege, W AF Anderson, SM Verchick, L Sowadsky, R Civen, R Mohle-Boetani, JC Werner, SB Starr, M Abbott, S Gutierrez, M Palumbo, M Farrar, J Shillam, P Umland, E Tanuz, M Sewell, M Cato, J Keene, W Goldoft, M Hofmann, J Kobayashi, J Waller, P Braden, C Djomand, G Reller, M Chege, W TI Multistate outbreaks of Salmonella serotype Poona infections associated with eating cantaloupe from Mexico - United States and Canada, 2000-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1044-1047, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. Clark Cty Hlth Dept, Las Vegas, NV USA. Nevada State Hlth Div, Carson City, NV 89701 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Colorado Dept Hlth, Denver, CO 80220 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Salem, OR 97310 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US FDA, Off Regulatory Affairs, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, SM (reprint author), Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 23 BP 2967 EP 2969 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 626CG UT WOS:000179854200015 ER PT J AU Lambert, L AF Lambert, L TI Update: Fatal and severe liver injuries associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide treatment for latent tuberculosis infection (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 998-999, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lambert, L (reprint author), CDC, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 18 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 23 BP 2967 EP 2967 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 626CG UT WOS:000179854200014 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Helmick, CG Schappert, SM AF Hootman, JM Helmick, CG Schappert, SM TI Magnitude and characteristics of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions on ambulatory medical care visits, United States, 1997 SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ambulatory care; arthritis; utilization ID NONSTEROIDAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUGS; GASTROINTESTINAL COMPLICATIONS; KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS; SELF-MANAGEMENT; SERVICES; EXERCISE; COST; GENDER; WEIGHT; ADULTS AB Objective. To describe ambulatory medical care utilization, defined to exclude injury-related visits, for persons with arthritis and other rheumatic conditions. Methods. National estimates, rates, and other characteristics of ambulatory care visits were calculated from a national sample of patient visits to physician offices and acute care hospital outpatient and emergency departments. Results. An estimated 36.5 million ambulatory care visits were related to arthritis and other rheumatic conditions. Visit rates increased with age and, overall, were twice as high among women as men. Rates of visits by race varied by ambulatory care setting. Soft tissue disorders (9.3 million), osteoarthritis (7.1 million), nonspecific joint pain/effusion (7.0 million), and rheumatoid arthritis (3.9 million) were the most common diagnoses. Conclusions. Arthritis and other rheumatic conditions account for about as many ambulatory care visits as cardiovascular disease or essential hypertension. These visits serve as excellent opportunities to counsel patients regarding prevention messages for arthritis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 47 IS 6 BP 571 EP 581 DI 10.1002/art.10791 PG 11 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 624ZG UT WOS:000179791700002 PM 12522829 ER PT J AU Daling, JR Malone, KE Doody, DR Voigt, LF Bernstein, L Coates, RJ Marchbanks, PA Norman, SA Weiss, LK Ursin, G Berlin, JA Burkman, RT Deapen, D Folger, SG McDonald, JA Simon, MS Strom, BL Wingo, PA Spirtas, R AF Daling, JR Malone, KE Doody, DR Voigt, LF Bernstein, L Coates, RJ Marchbanks, PA Norman, SA Weiss, LK Ursin, G Berlin, JA Burkman, RT Deapen, D Folger, SG McDonald, JA Simon, MS Strom, BL Wingo, PA Spirtas, R TI Relation of regimens of combined hormone replacement therapy to lobular, ductal, and other histologic types of breast carcinoma SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE histologic types of breast carcinoma; combined hormone replacement therapy; regimens of hormone replacement therapy; ductal; lobular ID ESTROGEN PLUS PROGESTIN; CANCER RISK; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CELLS; TERM AB BACKGROUND. The incidence of invasive lobular carcinoma, has been increasing among postmenopausal women in some parts of the United States. Part of this may be due to changes in classification over time. However, the use of combined (estrogen and progestin) hormone replacement therapy (CHRT) also has increased during the last decade and may account in part for the increase in invasive lobular breast carcinoma. METHODS. A large, multicenter case-control study of Caucasian and African-American women who were diagnosed at age < 65 years with their first invasive breast tumor from July 1, 1994 through April 30, 1998 was conducted. In-person interviews were conducted with 1749 postmenopausal patients, and their responses were compared with the responses of 1953 postmenopausal control women identified through random-digit dialing who met the study criteria of being postmenopausal at the time of diagnosis. Polytomous logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) as an estimate of the relative risk and to compute the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) associated with the use of various regimens of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women diagnosed with ductal breast carcinoma, lobular (or mixed lobular and ductal) breast carcinoma, and a grouping of other histologic types of breast carcinoma. RESULTS. Ever use of unopposed estrogen therapy (ERT) was not associated with an increase in the risk of any histologic type of breast carcinoma. The risk of invasive lobular breast carcinoma and the risk of breast carcinoma of the grouping of other histologies increased among women currently using CHRT (OR, 2.2; 95%CI, 1.4-3.3; and OR, 1.9; 95%CI, 1.0-3.4, respectively). The risk increase was greater for the mixed lobular-ductal type than for the pure lobular type of breast carcinoma, although the difference was not statistically significant. There was some indication that 5 years of continuous CHRT (greater than or equal to 25 days per month of progestin) was associated with a higher risk of lobular breast carcinoma (OR, 2.5; 95%CI, 1.4-4.3) compared with sequential CHRT (<25 days per month of progestin; OR, 1.5; 95%CI, 0.8-2.6). Current use of continuous CHRT was only moderately associated with risk of ductal breast carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS. Postmenopausal women who take CHRT appear to be at an increased risk of lobular breast carcinoma. Data from this study suggest that neither ERT use nor CHRT substantially increase the risk of ductal breast carcinoma among women age < 65 years. Cancer 2002;95:2455-64. Published 2002 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Canc Div, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Epidemiol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Bay State Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. Wayne State Univ, Div Hematol & Oncol, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. Amer Canc Soc, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Daling, JR (reprint author), Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, 1100 Fairview Ave N MP 381,POB 19024, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01 CN 0532, N01 PC 67010, N01 PC 67006, N01 CN 65064]; NICHD NIH HHS [Y01 HD 7022, N01 HD 3-3174, N01 HD 3-3175, N01 HD-3-3176, N01 HD 2-3166] NR 28 TC 109 Z9 109 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 95 IS 12 BP 2455 EP 2464 DI 10.1002/cncr.10984 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 622GM UT WOS:000179638700002 PM 12467057 ER PT J AU Zagorski, BM Trick, WE Schwartz, DN Wisniewski, MF Hershow, RC Fridkin, SK Weinstein, RA AF Zagorski, BM Trick, WE Schwartz, DN Wisniewski, MF Hershow, RC Fridkin, SK Weinstein, RA TI The effect of renal dysfunction on antimicrobial use measurements SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANCE; IMPACT AB The defined daily dose, a popular measurement of antimicrobial use, may underestimate the use of antimicrobials that are dose- adjusted in patients with renal insufficiency. To evaluate the effect of renal dysfunction on these measures, we performed a retrospective cohort study that involved patients receiving ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, or vancomycin, with use of defined daily doses and 2 methods based on therapy duration- stop-start days (i. e., entire therapy duration) and transaction days (i. e., unique therapeutic days). The vancomycin use rate for patients with renal insufficiency was 36% lower than that of patients with normal renal function for defined daily doses, and it was 23% lower for transaction days; for levofloxacin, there was a 27% rate reduction for the defined daily dose. No significant reduction was noted when the stop- start day method was used. Compared with the defined daily dose method, measures of therapy duration are less affected by renal function and may improve comparisons between populations. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Cook Cty aBur Hlth Serv, Chicago, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zagorski, BM (reprint author), Cook Cty Hosp, Durand Bldg,637 S Wood St, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU515853] NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 12 BP 1491 EP 1497 DI 10.1086/344753 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 623MM UT WOS:000179707200010 PM 12471568 ER PT J AU Chang, CC Chomel, BB Kasten, RW Tappero, JW Sanchez, MA Koehler, JE AF Chang, CC Chomel, BB Kasten, RW Tappero, JW Sanchez, MA Koehler, JE TI Molecular epidemiology of Bartonella henselae infection in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients and their cat contacts, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and genotyping SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CITRATE SYNTHASE GENE; DOMESTIC CATS; SCRATCH DISEASE; BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS; QUINTANA BACTEREMIA; RISK-FACTORS; SP-NOV; PREVALENCE; CLARRIDGEIAE; IDENTIFICATION AB Bartonella henselae causes severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. B. henselae was isolated from 12 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with bacillary angiomatosis and/or peliosis hepatis and from their 15 cat contacts. Specific associations between the 2 B. henselae genotypes, individual pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns, and different clinical syndromes and pathogenicity were investigated. The role of cat contacts as the source of human infection was also examined. Three of the 4 patients with B. henselae genotype I infection, but none of the 8 patients with genotype II infection, had hepatosplenic vascular proliferative lesions (P = .018). Four of 5 human-cat pairs had closely-related PFGE patterns and concordant results by 16S rDNA typing, which strongly suggests that human infection was caused by the cat contact. These results corroborate the major role of cats in the transmission of B. henselae to humans and suggest that B. henselae genotypes may induce different pathological features in HIV-infected patients. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. China Med Coll, Dept Publ Hlth, Taichung, Taiwan. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Program Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chomel, BB (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Reprod, Davis, CA 95616 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [D43-TW00003]; NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI-43703] NR 45 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 12 BP 1733 EP 1739 DI 10.1086/345764 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 617ZW UT WOS:000179392800005 PM 12447758 ER PT J AU Krebs, JW Noll, HR Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE AF Krebs, JW Noll, HR Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE TI Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2001 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RACCOON RABIES; VACCINATION PROGRAM; ORAL VACCINATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; VIRUS; COYOTES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTION; WILDLIFE; EFFICACY AB During 2001, 49 states and Puerto Rico reported 7,437 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 1 case in a human being to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an increase of < 1% from 7,364 cases in nonhuman animals and 5 human cases reported in 2000. More than 93% (6,939 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.7% (497 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 93.0% in wild animals and 6.9% in domestic species in 2000). The number of cases reported in 2001 increased among bats, cats, skunks, rodents/lagomorphs, and swine and decreased among dogs, cattle, foxes, horses/mules, raccoons, and sheep/goats. The relative contributions of the major groups of animals were as follows: raccoons (37.2%; 2,767 cases), skunks (30.7%; 2,282), bats (17.2%; 1,281), foxes (5.9%; 437), cats (3.6%; 270), dogs (1.2%; 89), and cattle (1.1%; 82). Nine of the 19 states where the raccoon-associated variant of the rabies virus has been enzootic reported decreases in the numbers of rabid raccoons during 2001. Among states with extensive wildlife rabies control programs, Ohio reported (other than rabies in bats) 1 case of rabies in a raccoon that was associated with the epizootic of rabies in raccoons and 1 case in a bovid that was infected with a bat variant of the rabies virus, compared with no cases reported in any terrestrial animals during 2000. Texas reported 1 case associated with the dog/coyote variant of the rabies virus (compared with no cases in 2000) and 20 cases associated with the gray fox variant of the virus (a decrease of 50% from reported cases in 2000). Reports of rabid skunks in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, states with enzootic raccoon rabies, exceeded reports of rabid raccoons for the fifth consecutive year. A similar situation may soon exist in the state of Maine (32 rabid skunks and 34 rabid raccoons during 2001). Nationally, the number of rabies cases in skunks during 2001 increased by 2.7% over those reported in 2000. Texas reported the greatest number of rabid skunks ever documented during a single year by any state, as well as the greatest numerical increase in rabid skunks (778 cases in 2001, compared with 550 in 2000; an increase of 228 cases, or 41.5%) and the largest overall state total of rabies cases (1,043) during 2001. Arizona reported the greatest percentage increase in rabid skunks (247.1%), representing an increase from 17 rabid skunks in 2000 to 59 in 2001: Nineteen of these cases were infected with a bat variant of the rabies virus, documenting a spillover event followed by unprecedented detection of temporal enzootic transmission of a bat variant in a terrestrial species. The number of cases of rabies reported in bats during 2001 (1,281 cases) increased 3.3% and surpassed the previous year's record (1,240 cases) as the largest number of reported cases ever recorded for this group of mammals. Cases of rabies reported in dogs (89) and cattle (82) decreased by 21.9 and 1.2%, respectively; these are the lowest numbers reported for rabid cattle and dogs since the dawn of national rabies record keeping (ca 1938). Cases in cats (270) increased by 8.4% over those reported in 2000, whereas rabies among sheep and goats declined 70%, from 10 cases in 2000 to 3 cases (goats only) in 2001. Rabies among horses and mules declined 1.9% (52 cases in 2000 to 51 cases in 2001). Reported cases of rabies in mongooses in Puerto Rico increased 18.6%, compared with the previous year (70 cases in 2001 from 59 cases in 2000), whereas cases of rabies in dogs declined 15.3% (15 to 13). One case of rabies in a human being reported by California during 2001 was the result of infection with a canine variant of the rabies virus acquired outside the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Krebs, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 42 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 221 IS 12 BP 1690 EP 1701 DI 10.2460/javma.2002.221.1690 PG 12 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 623PP UT WOS:000179712300008 PM 12494966 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC Holman, RC Heit, JA Cobb, N AF Hooper, WC Holman, RC Heit, JA Cobb, N TI Venous thromboembolism hospitalizations among American Indians and Alaska Natives SO THROMBOSIS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE venous thromboembolism; hospitalization; American Indians; Alaska Native ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; PULMONARY-EMBOLISM; FACTOR-V; POPULATION; MEN; PREVALENCE; MUTATION; DISEASE; BURDEN; TRENDS AB Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported to be on the increase in the American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) population. The Indian Health Service (IHS) hospital discharge database was used to describe venous thromboembolism (VTE)-associated hospitalizations among patients receiving IHS-reported medical care in the United States from 1980 through 1996. The average overall VTE-associated hospitalization rate in the AI/AN population during 1980-1996 was 33.1 per 100,000, however, the rate significantly decreased from 38.4 per 100,000 AI/ANs in 1980-1982 to 33.2 in 1994-1996. The average age at hospitalization was 50.4 years, which was consistent during the 17-year period. The overall annual WE hospitalization rate was higher for females than for males (38.0 versus 27.7 per 100,000). The female WE hospitalization rates decreased significantly from 46.1 per 100,000 in 1980-1982 to 36.7 per 100,000 in 1994-1996 (risk ratio: RR = 1.3; 95% confidence interval: CI= 1.1-1.4), while the rates for males remained unchanged. The WE hospitalization rates also varied by geographic region. The hospitalization rate was highest in the East region (52.2 per 100,000) and lowest in the Alaska region (16.1 per 100,000). These data indicate that the overall WE rate for AI/ANs may not have only decreased, but appears lower than the reported rate for Caucasians. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hematol Dis Branch,Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Cardiovasc Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Off Publ Hlth, Program Epidemiol, IHS Headquarters, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hematol Dis Branch,Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, MS D-02 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0049-3848 J9 THROMB RES JI Thromb. Res. PD DEC 15 PY 2002 VL 108 IS 5-6 BP 273 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0049-3848(03)00058-6 PG 6 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 674FD UT WOS:000182626000002 PM 12676185 ER PT J AU Goodwin, MM Dietz, P Spitz, AM Arias, L Saltzman, LE AF Goodwin, MM Dietz, P Spitz, AM Arias, L Saltzman, LE TI Screening for domestic violence - Balanced approach is needed SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Letter C1 CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Goodwin, MM (reprint author), CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-35, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD DEC 14 PY 2002 VL 325 IS 7377 BP 1418 EP 1419 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 628CP UT WOS:000179975000036 ER PT J AU Spiegel, P Sheik, M Gotway-Crawford, C Salama, P AF Spiegel, P Sheik, M Gotway-Crawford, C Salama, P TI Health programmes and policies associated with decreased mortality in displaced people in postemergency phase camps: a retrospective study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMANITARIAN RESPONSE; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; REFUGEE CAMPS; EASTERN SUDAN; INTERVENTIONS; POPULATIONS; BANGLADESH; SANITATION AB Background An estimated 35 million people have been displaced by complex humanitarian emergencies. International humanitarian organisations define policies and provide basic health and nutrition programmes to displaced people in postemergency phase camps. However, many policies and programmes are not based on supporting data. We aimed to identify associations between age-specific mortality and health indicators in displaced people in postemergency phase camps and to define the programme and policy implications of these data. Methods In 1998-2000, we obtained and analysed retrospective mortality data for the previous 3 months in 51 postemergency phase camps in seven countries. We did multivariate regression with 18 independent variables that affect crude mortality rates (CMRs) and mortality rates in children younger than 5 years (<5 MRs) in complex emergencies. We compared these results with recommended emergency phase minimum indicators. Findings Recently established camps had higher CMRs and <5 MRs and fewer local health workers per person than did camps that had been established earlier. Camps that were close to the border or region of conflict or had longer travel times to referral hospitals had higher CMRs than did those located further away or with shorter travel times, and camps with less water per person and high rates of diarrhoea had higher <5 MRs than did those with more water and lower rates of diarrhoea. Distance to border or area of conflict, water quantity, and the number of local health workers per person exceeded the minimum indicators recommended in the emergency phase. Interpretation Health and nutrition policies and programmes for displaced people in postemergency phase camps should be evidence-based. Programmes in complex emergencies should focus on indicators proven to be associated with mortality. Minimum indicators should be developed for programmes targeting displaced people in postemergency phase camps. C1 CDCP, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Off Director, Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects Div, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Ctr Refugee & Disaster Studies, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Spiegel, P (reprint author), DOS HCDS, Case Postale 2500,2 Depot, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 29 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC 14 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9349 BP 1927 EP 1934 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11915-5 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 626KC UT WOS:000179870200011 PM 12493259 ER PT J AU Bonhoeffer, J Kohl, K Chen, R Duclos, P Heijbel, H Heininger, U Jefferson, T Loupi, E AF Bonhoeffer, J Kohl, K Chen, R Duclos, P Heijbel, H Heininger, U Jefferson, T Loupi, E CA Brighton Collaboration TI The Brighton Collaboration: addressing the need for standardized case definitions of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE immunization; safety; AEFI; standardization; case definition ID CELL PERTUSSIS-VACCINE; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY TRIAL; MUMPS-RUBELLA VACCINE; COMPONENT DTP DTP; COMBINED MEASLES; DTAP VACCINE; INFANTS; CHILDREN; IMMUNOGENICITY; 2-COMPONENT AB To further scientific progress of immunization safety, comparability of data from clinical trials and surveillance systems is essential. Comparability requires the availability of standardized case definitions for adverse events following immunization (AEFI) and guidelines for case determination, recording and data presentation. Method: International collaborative working groups, consisting of professional volunteers from developed and developing countries, conduct systematic literature reviews to develop 50-100 AEFI definitions. Case definitions are finalized after a comment period by a reference group consisting of organizations concerned with immunization safety, and will be disseminated via the world-wide-web and other means for free world-wide use. Results: Literature reviews yielded substantial diversity in data collection and presentation. We have developed standardized case definitions together with guidelines for use in clinical trials and surveillance systems. Conclusions: Diversity in safety methods leads to considerable loss of scientific information. We have built the necessary international network of currently about 300 participants from patient care, public health, scientific, pharmaceutical, regulatory and professional organizations to develop and assess standardized AEFI case definitions and guidelines. Evaluation studies, global implementation, ongoing definition development and a continuously growing network will be essential for the success of the collaboration. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Univ Basel, Childrens Hosp, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Stockholm, Sweden. Cochrane Vaccines Field & Hlth Reviews Ltd, Rome, Italy. Aventis Pasteur SA, Leon, France. RP Bonhoeffer, J (reprint author), Univ Basel, Childrens Hosp, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. RI Bonhoeffer, Jan/E-5903-2014 NR 30 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 13 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 298 EP 302 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00449-8 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00449-8 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 623VQ UT WOS:000179723900018 PM 12450705 ER PT J AU Fry, AM Zell, ER Schuchat, A Butler, JC Whitney, CG AF Fry, AM Zell, ER Schuchat, A Butler, JC Whitney, CG TI Comparing potential benefits of new pneumococcal vaccines with the current polysaccharide vaccine in the elderly SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal vaccines; potential benefits; pneumonia ID CONJUGATE VACCINE; EFFICACY; REVACCINATION; ADULTS; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTIONS; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; DISEASE; SAFETY AB We compared the hypothetical effects of the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine with new vaccines on preventing invasive and noninvasive pneumococcal disease in persons greater than or equal to65 years. We estimated how much disease would occur if no polysaccharide vaccine were in use and used this baseline to compare the polysaccharide, a 7-valent conjugate vaccine, and hypothetical common antigen vaccine. The polysaccharide, conjugate, and common antigen vaccines prevented 10.6, 10.7, and 17.7% of invasive disease and 4.3, 5.6, and 10.0% of pneumonia, respectively. Superior effectiveness of new vaccines was dependent upon a presumed longer duration of protection than the 23V-PPV and effectiveness against noninvasive pneumonia. Our results suggest that new vaccines could improve disease prevention. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Mailstop C-23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 13 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 303 EP 311 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00451-6 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00451-6 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 623VQ UT WOS:000179723900019 PM 12450706 ER PT J AU Pisu, M Meltzer, MI Lyerla, R AF Pisu, M Meltzer, MI Lyerla, R TI Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination of prison inmates SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE cost-effectiveness; prison; hepatitis ID TENNESSEE PRISONERS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNIZATION; PREVALENCE; EFFICACY; MARKERS AB The purpose of this paper is to determine the cost-effectiveness of vaccinating inmates against hepatitis B. From the prison perspective, vaccinating inmates at intake is not cost-saving. It could be economically beneficial when the cost of a vaccine dose is 1.6 and 50%, respectively. The health care system realizes net savings even when there is no incidence in prison, or there is no cost of chronic liver disease, or when only one dose of vaccine is administered. Thus, while prisons might not have economic incentives to implement hepatitis B vaccination programs, the health care system would benefit from allocating resources to them. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pisu, M (reprint author), Ctr Outcomes & Effectiveness Res & Educ, MT 628,1530 3rd Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. NR 36 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 13 PY 2002 VL 21 IS 3-4 BP 312 EP 321 AR PII S0264-410X(02)00457-7 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(02)00457-7 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 623VQ UT WOS:000179723900020 PM 12450707 ER PT J AU Galil, K Lee, B Strine, T Carraher, C Baughman, AL Eaton, M Montero, J Seward, J AF Galil, K Lee, B Strine, T Carraher, C Baughman, AL Eaton, M Montero, J Seward, J TI Outbreak of varicella at a day-care center despite vaccination SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 41st Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY DEC 16-20, 2001 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS ID HEALTHY-CHILDREN; FOLLOW-UP; EFFICACY; POSTLICENSURE; ADOLESCENTS; LICENSURE AB Background: In seven studies of the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine conducted since it was licensed, the effectiveness was 71 to 100 percent against disease of any severity and 95 to 100 percent against moderate and severe disease. We investigated an outbreak of varicella in a population of children with a high proportion of vaccinees who were attending a day-care center in a small community in New Hampshire. Methods: Using standardized questionnaires, we collected information about the children's medical and vaccination history from parents and health care providers. The analysis of the effectiveness of the vaccine and of risk factors for vaccine failure was restricted to children who were enrolled in the day-care center continuously during the outbreak and attended for one week or more and who were cared for in the building that represented the epicenter of the outbreak, since transmission was not documented in a second building. Results: Varicella developed in 25 of 88 children (28.4 percent) between December 1, 2000, and January 11, 2001. The index case occurred in a healthy child who had been vaccinated three years previously and who infected more than 50 percent of his classmates who had no history of varicella. The effectiveness of the vaccine was 44.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 6.9 to 66.3 percent) against disease of any severity and 86.0 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 38.7 to 96.8 percent) against moderate or severe disease. Children who had been vaccinated three years or more before the outbreak were at greater risk for vaccine failure than those who had been vaccinated more recently (relative risk, 2.6 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.3 to 5.3]). Conclusions: In this outbreak, vaccination provided poor protection against varicella, although there was good protection against moderate or severe disease. A longer interval since vaccination was associated with an increased risk of vaccine failure. Breakthrough infections in vaccinated, healthy persons can be as infectious as varicella in unvaccinated persons. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Galil, K (reprint author), 65 Hayden Ave, Lexington, MA 02421 USA. NR 25 TC 140 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 5 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 12 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 24 BP 1909 EP 1915 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa021662 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 623ZX UT WOS:000179735800002 PM 12477940 ER PT J AU Lojo, J Burrows, NR Geiss, LS Tierney, EF Wang, J Engelgau, M AF Lojo, J Burrows, NR Geiss, LS Tierney, EF Wang, J Engelgau, M TI Preventive-care practices among persons with diabetes - United States, 1995 and 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 965-969, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lojo, J (reprint author), CDC, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 22 BP 2814 EP 2815 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 623YM UT WOS:000179732600009 ER PT J AU MacNeil, A Singleton, JA Moran, JS AF MacNeil, A Singleton, JA Moran, JS TI Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination levels among persons aged >= 65 years - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1019-1024, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP MacNeil, A (reprint author), Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 22 BP 2815 EP 2817 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 623YM UT WOS:000179732600010 ER PT J CA Carter Ctr WHO Collaborating Ctr Res Training CDC TI Progress toward global dracunculiasis eradication, June 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 810, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Res Training & Eradicat Dracunc, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 11 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 22 BP 2817 EP 2818 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 623YM UT WOS:000179732600011 ER PT J AU Boily, MC Bastos, FI Masse, B AF Boily, MC Bastos, FI Masse, B TI No increase in HIV incidence in a cohort of men who have sex with men in Montreal: too early to conclude? SO AIDS LA English DT Letter C1 CDC, Div STD & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fred Hutchinson Canc Inst, SHARP, Seattle, WA USA. RP Boily, MC (reprint author), CDC, Div STD & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD DEC 6 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 18 BP 2502 EP 2503 DI 10.1097/00002030-200212060-00025 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 631BC UT WOS:000180146000025 PM 12461434 ER PT J AU Roome, A Hadler, J Birkhead, G Archibald, C Schrag, S Lansky, A Sansom, S Fowler, M Onorato, I Anderson, J AF Roome, A Hadler, J Birkhead, G Archibald, C Schrag, S Lansky, A Sansom, S Fowler, M Onorato, I Anderson, J TI HIV testing among, pregnant women - United States and Canada, 1998-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 1013-1016, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, AIDS Inst, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Hosp Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada. Hlth Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. CDC, Act Bacterial Core Surveillance Emerging Infect P, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Roome, A (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 4 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 21 BP 2679 EP 2680 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 620UA UT WOS:000179549800011 ER PT J AU Iyasu, S Randall, LL Welty, TK Hsia, J Kinney, HC Mandell, F McClain, M Randall, B Habbe, D Wilson, H Willinger, M AF Iyasu, S Randall, LL Welty, TK Hsia, J Kinney, HC Mandell, F McClain, M Randall, B Habbe, D Wilson, H Willinger, M TI Risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome among Northern Plains Indians SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NURSE HOME VISITATION; CONFIDENTIAL INQUIRY; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ALCOHOL; STILLBIRTHS; ENVIRONMENT; PREGNANCY; OUTCOMES; SMOKING; GROWTH AB Context Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a leading cause of postneonatal mortality among American Indians, a group whose infant death rate is consistently above the US national average. Objective To determine Prenatal and postnatal risk factors for SIDS among American Indians. Design, Setting, and Participants Population-based case-control study of 33 SIDS infants and 66 matched living controls among American Indians in South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, and Iowa enrolled from December 1992 to November 1996 and investigated using standardized parental interview, medical record abstraction', autopsy protocol, and infant death review. Main Outcome Measures Association of SIDS with maternal socioeconomic and behavioral factors, health care utilization, and infant care practices. Results The proportions of case and control infants who were usually placed prone to sleep (15.2% and 13.6%, respectively), who shared a bed with parents (59.4% and 55.4%), or whose mothers smoked during pregnancy (69.7% and 54.6%) were similar. However, mothers of 72.7% of case infants and 45.5% of control infants engaged in binge drinking during pregnancy. Conditional logistic regression revealed significant associations between SIDS and 2 or more layers of clothing on the infant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 6.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-26.5), any visits by a public health nurse (aOR, 0.2; 95% Cl, 0.1-0.8), periconceptional maternal alcohol use (aOR, 6.2; 95% Cl, 1.6-23.3), and maternal first-trimester binge drinking (aOR, 8.2; 95% Cl, 1.9-35.3). Conclusions Public health nurse visits, maternal alcohol use during the periconceptional period and first trimester, and layers of clothing are important risk factors for SIDS among Northern Plains Indians. Strengthening public health nurse visiting programs and programs to reduce alcohol consumption among women of childbearing age could potentially reduce the high rate of SIDS. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Aberdeen Area Indian Hlth Serv, Rapid City, SD USA. Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Massachusetts SIDS Ctr, Boston, MA USA. LCM Pathologists PC, Sioux Falls, SD USA. Clin Lab Black Hills, Rapid City, SD USA. Providence Mem Hosp, Dept Pathol, El Paso, TX USA. NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Iyasu, S (reprint author), US FDA, Div Pediat, Off Counter Terrorism & Pediat Drug Dev, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, 5A-33,HFD-960,5600 Fishers Ln, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 30 TC 99 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 4 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 21 BP 2717 EP 2723 DI 10.1001/jama.288.21.2717 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 620UA UT WOS:000179549800031 PM 12460095 ER PT J AU Madsen, KM Hviid, A Vestergaard, M Schendel, D Wohlfahrt, J Thorsen, P Olsen, J Melbye, M AF Madsen, KM Hviid, A Vestergaard, M Schendel, D Wohlfahrt, J Thorsen, P Olsen, J Melbye, M TI MMR vaccination and autism - a population-based follow-up study SO UGESKRIFT FOR LAEGER LA Dutch DT Article ID RUBELLA VACCINE; NO EVIDENCE; MEASLES; MUMPS; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; CALIFORNIA; DISORDERS; COVERAGE AB Introduction: It has been suggested that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination causes autism. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children born in Denmark from January 1991 through December 1998. The cohort was established based on data from the Danish Civil Registration System. A unique person identifiable number given to all subjects enabled linkage with other national registries. MMR vaccination status was obtained from the Danish National Board of Health. Information on the children's autism status was obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register which contains information on all diagnoses received from psychiatric hospitals, psychiatric wards, and outpatient clinics in Denmark. We obtained information on potential confounders from the Danish Medical Birth Registry, the National Hospital Registry, and Statistics Denmark. Results: In the cohort of 537,303 children (2,129,864 person-years), 440,655 children had been MMR vaccinated. We identified 316 children with a diagnosis of autistic disorder and 442 with a diagnosis of other spectrum disorders. After adjusting for potential confounders, the risk for autistic disorder and other spectrum disorders was not increased in vaccinated compared with unvaccinated children (relative risk 0.92; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.24 and relative risk 0.83; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.65 to 1.07). There was no association between age at vaccination, time since vaccination or calendar period at time of vaccination and development of autistic disorder. Discussion: This study provides strong evidence against the hypothesis that MMR vaccination causes autism. C1 Aarhus Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Socialmed, Ctr Epidemiol Grundforskning, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. State Serum Inst, Ctr Epidemiol Grundforskning, Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Madsen, KM (reprint author), Aarhus Univ, Inst Epidemiol & Socialmed, Ctr Epidemiol Grundforskning, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM kmm@dadlnet.dk NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 15 PU LAEGEFORENINGENS FORLAG PI DK-1263 COPENHAGEN K PA ESPLANADEN 8A, DK-1263 COPENHAGEN K, DENMARK SN 0041-5782 J9 UGESKRIFT LAEGER JI Ugeskr. Laeg. PD DEC 2 PY 2002 VL 164 IS 49 BP 5741 EP 5744 PG 4 GA 623WA UT WOS:000179724800001 PM 12523209 ER PT J AU Van de Ven, P Bartholow, B Rawstorne, P Crawford, J Kippax, S Grulich, A Prestage, G Woodhouse, M Murphy, D AF Van de Ven, P Bartholow, B Rawstorne, P Crawford, J Kippax, S Grulich, A Prestage, G Woodhouse, M Murphy, D TI Scaling HIV vaccine attitudes among gay men in Sydney, Australia SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID EFFICACY TRIALS; WILLINGNESS; PARTICIPATE; AMBIGUITY; SEX AB This study aimed to develop reliable scales of HIV vaccine attitudes. Gay men were recruited at the 2001 Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras Fair Day, a large gay community gathering of thousands of people. A total of 776 participants completed a questionnaire containing 38 items about HIV vaccines. Factor analysis of the responses of 585 HIV-negative/untested men revealed four distinct factors (accounting cumulatively for 24.5% of the variance): I, Comfort with Participation in HIV Vaccine Trials, Cronbach alpha = 0.81; II, Confidence in HIV Vaccines/Vaccine Trials, Cronbach alpha = 0.71; III, Sexual Freedom, Cronbach alpha = 0.64; IV, Willingness to Participate in HIV Vaccine Trials, Cronbach alpha = 0.59. Of the HIV-negative/untested men, 162 (27.7%) were likely/very likely to volunteer for HIV vaccine trials, and 422 (72.3%) were unlikely/ very unlikely to do so. As preliminary evidence of construct validity, the 162 men had a higher mean score on scale I (2.79), indicating greater comfort with trial participation than their 422 counterparts (2.47, p < 0.001). As preliminary evidence of concurrent validity, the 162 men had a higher mean score on scale IV (2.79), indicating greater willingness to participate than the rest (2.22, p < 0.001). Alongside HIV vaccine trials, these scales may be a useful adjunct to social research in gay communities; to monitor and be responsive to community concerns about HIV vaccine trials as well as their potential to undermine safe sex practices. C1 Univ New S Wales, Fac Arts & Social Sci, Natl Ctr HIV Social Res, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ New S Wales, Natl Ctr HIV Epidemiol & Clin Res, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. AIDS Council NSW, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. Australian Federat AIDS Org, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia. RP Van de Ven, P (reprint author), Univ New S Wales, Fac Arts & Social Sci, Natl Ctr HIV Social Res, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. OI Murphy, Dean/0000-0003-2752-7091; Prestage, Garrett/0000-0003-3917-8992 NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 18 BP 1333 EP 1337 DI 10.1089/088922202320935401 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 625JM UT WOS:000179813400001 PM 12487804 ER PT J AU Chatt, JA Jason, J Nwanyanwu, OC Archibald, LK Parekh, B Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR AF Chatt, JA Jason, J Nwanyanwu, OC Archibald, LK Parekh, B Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR TI Peripheral blood cell-specific cytokines in persons with untreated HIV infection in Malawi, Africa SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; INTERFERON-GAMMA; TNF-ALPHA; INTERLEUKIN-2; PATHOGENESIS; MACROPHAGES; INDIVIDUALS; EXPRESSION; MONOCYTES AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in Malawi, Africa, because of its many effects on the immune system. Immune cells communicate through cytokines; therefore, we examined the relationships between HIV serostatus and cell-specific cytokine production for 40 asymptomatic, employed adults and 312 acutely ill, hospitalized patients in Malawi. We also measured the plasma HIV-1 RNA levels of 13 asymptomatic persons and 83 patients found to be HIV+. We incubated peripheral whole blood with brefeldin-A +/- phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin and then permeabilized, fixed, fluorescently stained, and examined the mononuclear cells with four-color, six-parameter flow cytometry. The percentage of lymphocytes expressing CD4 did not differ significantly between the HIV 1 and HIV 2 healthy adults (medians, 35.2 vs. 40.8%, respectively), but a wide array of cytokine parameters were lower in the HIV 1 than in the HIV 2 asymptomatic persons, for example, median percentages of T cells producing induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) (8.7 vs. 16.5%, respectively) and spontaneously producing IL-6 (0.7 vs. 11.0%, respectively). Also, four T cell parameters reflecting type 2-to-type 1 cytokine balances (T2/T1) were higher in the HIV 1, versus HIV 2, asymptomatic persons. Unlike the healthy adults, for patients with mycobacteremia/fungemia or malaria, the HIV 1 patients had higher median percentages of T cells and CD8(+) T cells producing induced interferon g than did the HIV 2 patients. For both asymptomatic and acutely ill persons, HIV-1 plasma levels were positively correlated with T2/T1 parameters. Cell-specific cytokine effects of HIV infection may precede measurable effects on CD4 expression. Cytokine therapies, even beyond periodic administration of IL-2, may improve the responses of HIV-infected persons to both HIV and coinfections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Invest & Prevent Branch, Div Healthcare Qual & Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Us Dept HHS,Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe Cent Hosp & Community Hlth Sci Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Chatt, JA (reprint author), CDC, NCID, DASTLR, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 18 BP 1367 EP 1377 DI 10.1089/088922202320935447 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 625JM UT WOS:000179813400005 PM 12487808 ER PT J AU Briggs, NC Hall, HI Brann, EA Moriarty, CJ Levine, RS AF Briggs, NC Hall, HI Brann, EA Moriarty, CJ Levine, RS TI Cigarette smoking and risk of Hodgkin's disease: A population-based case-control study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; Hodgkin disease; risk; smoking ID EPSTEIN-BARR-VIRUS; HEMATOLYMPHOPOIETIC MALIGNANCIES; BCL-2 PROTEIN; CANCER; EXPRESSION; ASSOCIATION; LYMPHOMAS; EXPOSURE; ANTIGEN; WOMEN AB Previous reports offer limited support for an association between cigarette smoking and Hodgkin's disease. The authors investigated dose-response effects for smoking in relation to the risk of Hodgkin's disease using data from the Selected Cancers Study. Cases (n=343) were men aged 32-60 years identified from eight US population-based cancer registries in 1984-1988. Controls (n=1,910) were men recruited by random digit telephone dialing and frequency matched to cases by age and registry. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals adjusted for age, registry, race/ethnicity, Jewish upbringing, education, and childhood domicile. Compared with never smokers, current smokers had a significantly increased risk of Hodgkin's disease (odds ratio (OR) =1.8, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 2.9). Risks increased linearly (p<0.001) with increasing packs per day (OR&GE;2 = 2.5, 95% CI: 1.6, 4.0), years (OR&GE;30 = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.9), and pack-years (OR>40=2.7, 95% CI: 1.8, 4.3) of smoking. These associations were significant for the nodular sclerosis and mixed cellularity subtypes but were much stronger for mixed cellularity. Stratified analyses by age (&LE;42 years, >42 years) and subtype suggested that the effects of smoking are more closely related to histology than age. In contrast to findings from previous studies, these data suggest that smoking is an important preventable risk factor for Hodgkin's disease. C1 Meharry Med Coll, Dept Internal Med, Div Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Briggs, NC (reprint author), Meharry Med Coll, Dept Internal Med, Div Prevent Med, 1005 Dr DB Todd Jr Blvd,Box 52A, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 11 BP 1011 EP 1020 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf143 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 621RH UT WOS:000179603300004 PM 12446257 ER PT J AU Barker, LE Luman, ET McCauley, MM Chu, SY AF Barker, LE Luman, ET McCauley, MM Chu, SY TI Assessing equivalence: An alternative to the use of difference tests for measuring disparities in vaccination coverage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epidemiologic methods; ethnic groups; hypothesis testing; immunization; statistics; vaccination; vaccines ID NULL HYPOTHESIS; TRIALS AB Eliminating health disparities in vaccination coverage among various groups is a cornerstone of public health policy. However, the statistical tests traditionally used cannot prove that a state of no difference between groups exists. Instead of asking, "Has a disparity-or difference-in immunization coverage among population groups been eliminated?," one can ask, "Has practical equivalence been achieved?" A method called equivalence testing can show that the difference between groups is smaller than a tolerably small amount. This paper demonstrates the method and introduces public health considerations that have an impact on defining tolerable levels of difference. Using data from the 2000 National Immunization Survey, the authors tested for statistically significant differences in rates of vaccination coverage between Whites and members of other racial/ethnic groups and for equivalencies among Whites and these same groups. For some minority groups and some vaccines, coverage was statistically significantly lower than was seen among Whites; however, for some of these groups and vaccines, equivalence testing revealed practical equivalence. To use equivalence testing to assess whether a disparity remains a threat to public health, researchers must understand when to use the method, how to establish assumptions about tolerably small differences, and how to interpret the test results. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barker, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 11 BP 1056 EP 1061 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf149 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 621RH UT WOS:000179603300010 PM 12446263 ER PT J AU Rinsky, RA Hornung, RW Silver, SR Tseng, CY AF Rinsky, RA Hornung, RW Silver, SR Tseng, CY TI Benzene exposure and hematopoietic mortality: A long-term epidemiologic risk assessment SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE benzene; rubber workers; leukemia; multiple myeloma; risk analysis; occupational health ID FISSION-SPECTRUM NEUTRONS; PLIOFILM COHORT; IONIZING-RADIATION; INDUCED LEUKEMIA; FOLLOW-UP; SENSITIVITY; CANCER; AGE AB Background Previous studies of a cohort of rubber hydrochloride workers indicated an association between benzene exposure and excess mortality from leukemia and multiple myeloma. To determine whether risks remain elevated with increasing time since plant shutdown, we extended follow-up from 1981 through 1996. Materials and Methods We evaluated risk using standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and generalized Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results Five new leukemia cases were observed in benzene-exposed white males, but the summary SMR for this group declined from 3.37 (95% CI = 1.54-6.41) to 2.56 (95% CI = 1.43-4.22). In regression models, cumulative exposure was significantly associated with elevated relative risks for leukemia mortality. Four new multiple myeloma deaths occurred, three of which were in workers judged to be unexposed. Conclusions These findings reaffirm the leukemogenic effects of benzene exposure and suggest that excess risk diminishes with time. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Inst Hlth Policy, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Hlth Serv Res, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Rinsky, RA (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. OI Silver, Sharon/0000-0002-7679-5028 NR 22 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 474 EP 480 DI 10.1002/ajim.10138 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 619YW UT WOS:000179506400002 PM 12439870 ER PT J AU Silver, SR Rinsky, RA Cooper, SP Hornung, RW Lai, D AF Silver, SR Rinsky, RA Cooper, SP Hornung, RW Lai, D TI Effect of follow-up time on risk estimates: A longitudinal examination of the relative risks of leukemia and multiple myeloma in a rubber hydrochloride cohort SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE risk estimates; temporal changes; benzene; leukemia; follow-up time; rubber workers; risk analysis ID BENZENE EXPOSURE; URANIUM MINERS; QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; COLORADO PLATEAU; PLIOFILM COHORT; LUNG-CANCER AB Background Choice of follow-up time for an occupational cohort can influence risk estimates. We examined the effects of follow-up time on relative risk estimates for leukemia and multiple myeloma in a cohort of 1,845 rubber hydrochloride workers. Materials and Methods We generated standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for yearly follow-ups, beginning each study in 1940 and increasing study end dates from 1950 through 1996. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to explore the effects of follow-up time on the exposure-response relationship. Results The SMR for leukemia rose to 13.55 in 1961 and fell nearly monotonically to 2.47 by 1996. Cox modeling suggested interaction between cumulative exposure and time since exposure. A longer time to peak risk was seen for multiple myeloma. Conclusions Because summary risk estimates change with follow-up time, exposure limits set using these estimates may not adequately protect workers. Consideration of appropriate follow-up time and use of more complex temporal models are critical to the risk assessment process. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Bryan, TX USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Inst Hlth Policy, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Med Ctr, Hlth Serv Res, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. RP Silver, SR (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy MS R-44, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. OI Silver, Sharon/0000-0002-7679-5028 NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 481 EP 489 DI 10.1002/ajim.10139 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 619YW UT WOS:000179506400003 PM 12439871 ER PT J AU Cardarelli, J Spitz, H Rice, C Buncher, R Elson, H Succop, P AF Cardarelli, J Spitz, H Rice, C Buncher, R Elson, H Succop, P TI Significance of radiation exposure from work-related chest X-rays for epidemiological studies of radiation workers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE X-rays; medical surveillance; stereoscopic X-rays; photofluorography; bone marrow; radiation; occupational exposure; dose ID ATOMIC-BOMB SURVIVORS; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; OAK-RIDGE; MORTALITY; RISK; THERAPY; COHORT; BIAS AB Background Previous epidemiologic studies of workers at nuclear weapons facilities have not included X-ray exposures as part of the occupational radiation exposure. The research objective was to determine the contribution of work-related chest X-ray (WRX) exposure relative to the cumulative occupational radiation exposure. Methods Cases and controls were identified from a cohort of workers whose employment began as early as 1943. Medical records for 297 subjects were used to determine the bone marrow dose from their X-ray examinations. Individual dose data, however were only available for 45 workers. Bone marrow dose estimates were calculated by converting the entrance-skin-exposure (from X-ray procedures) and occupational exposure (from monitoring data) to dose. Results Stereoscopic photofluorography delivered a bone marrow dose nearly 100 times that delivered by today's chest X-ray technique. Photofluorography was the predominant radiation source during the 1940s and 1950s. The cumulative WRX dose was, on average, 50 times their occupational doses. No correlation between occupational and WRX dose was found, but may be due to the small study size and incomplete dose data. Conclusions These findings illustrate the importance of including WRX doses in retrospective epidemiological studies of radiation workers, especially if photofluorographic chest X-rays were performed and occupational exposure to ionizing radiation is low. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Mech Ind & Nucl Engn, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Cincinnati, Barrett Canc Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. RP Cardarelli, J (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs R 44, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 49 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 42 IS 6 BP 490 EP 501 DI 10.1002/ajim.10137 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 619YW UT WOS:000179506400004 PM 12439872 ER PT J CA NNIS System TI National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System Report, data summary from January 1992 to June 2002, issued August 2002 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; STATES; RATES; HOSPITALS C1 CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 10 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 EI 1527-3296 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 2002 VL 30 IS 8 BP 458 EP 475 DI 10.1067/mic.2002.130032 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 627JQ UT WOS:000179930400003 ER PT J AU O'Grady, NP Alexander, M Dellinger, EP Gerberding, JL Heard, SO Maki, DG Masur, H McCormick, RD Mermel, LA Pearson, ML Raad, II Randolph, A Weinstein, RA AF O'Grady, NP Alexander, M Dellinger, EP Gerberding, JL Heard, SO Maki, DG Masur, H McCormick, RD Mermel, LA Pearson, ML Raad, II Randolph, A Weinstein, RA TI Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS CATHETERS; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; ANTISEPTIC-IMPREGNATED CATHETER; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS BACTEREMIA AB Background: Although many catheter-related bloodstream infections (CR-BSIs) are preventable, measures to reduce these infections are not uniformly implemented. Objective: To update an existing evidenced-based guideline that promotes strategies to prevent CR-BSIs. Data sources: The MEDLINE database, conference proceedings, and bibliographies of review articles and book chapters were searched for relevant articles. Studies included: Laboratory-based studies, controlled clinical trials, prospective interventional trials, and epidemiological investigations. Outcome measures: Reduction in CR-BSI, catheter colonization, or catheter-related infection. Synthesis: The recommended preventive strategies with the strongest supportive evidence are education and training of healthcare providers who insert and maintain catheters; maximal sterile barrier precautions during central venous catheter insertion; use of a 2 % chlorhexidine preparation for skin antisepsis; no routine replacement of central venous catheters for prevention of infection; and use of antiseptic/antibiotic impregnated short-term central venous catheters if the rate of infection is high despite adherence to other strategies (i.e. education and training, maximal sterile barrier precautions and 2 % chlorhexidine for skin antisepsis). Conclusion: Successful implementation of these evidence-based interventions can reduce the risk for serious catheter-related infection. C1 NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. SCCM, Des Plaines, IL 60016 USA. IDSA, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. INS, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Worcester, MA USA. ACCP, Northbrook, IL 60062 USA. ASCCA, Chicago, IL USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Infect Dis Sect, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Madison, WI 53792 USA. APIC, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Med Specialties, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. SHEA, Mt Royal, NJ 08061 USA. RP O'Grady, NP (reprint author), NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Randolph, Adrienne/0000-0002-3084-3071 NR 183 TC 130 Z9 137 U1 3 U2 21 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 2002 VL 30 IS 8 BP 476 EP 489 DI 10.1067/mic.2002.129427 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 627JQ UT WOS:000179930400004 PM 12461511 ER PT J AU Dowling, NF Hooper, WC Austin, H AF Dowling, NF Hooper, WC Austin, H TI Understanding and predicting venous thromboembolism: The role of coagulation factors and inflammatory markers SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; FACTOR-VIII; RISK C1 CDCP, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,Nat Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Dowling, NF (reprint author), CDCP, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res,Nat Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US DHHS, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailtop E-64, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU EXCERPTA MEDICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 650 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10011 USA SN 0002-9343 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 113 IS 8 BP 689 EP 690 AR PII S0002-9343(02)01395-5 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(02)01395-5 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 631CQ UT WOS:000180150000012 PM 12505122 ER PT J AU Wong, KT Shieh, WJ Kumar, S Norain, K Abdullah, W Guarner, J Goldsmith, CS Chua, KB Lam, SK Tan, CT Goh, KJ Chong, HT Jusoh, R Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Zaki, SR AF Wong, KT Shieh, WJ Kumar, S Norain, K Abdullah, W Guarner, J Goldsmith, CS Chua, KB Lam, SK Tan, CT Goh, KJ Chong, HT Jusoh, R Rollin, PE Ksiazek, TG Zaki, SR CA Nipah Virus Pathology Working Grp TI Nipah virus infection - Pathology and pathogenesis of an emerging paramyxoviral zoonosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GIANT-CELL PNEUMONIA; ABATTOIR WORKERS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSIBILITY; FATAL ENCEPHALITIS; RISK-FACTORS; PIG-FARMERS; MALAYSIA; OUTBREAK; DISEASE; SINGAPORE AB In 1998, an outbreak of acute encephalitis with high mortality rates among pig handlers in Malaysia led to the discovery of a novel paramyxovirus named Nipah virus. A multidisciplinary investigation that included epidemiology, microbiology, molecular biology, and pathology was pivotal in the discovery of this new human infection. Clinical and autopsy findings were derived from a series of 32 fatal human cases of Nipah virus infection. Diagnosis was established in all cases by a combination of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and serology. Routine histological stains, IHC, and electron microscopy were used to examine autopsy tissues. The main histopathological. findings included a systemic vasculitis with extensive thrombosis and parenchymal necrosis, particularly in the central nervous system. Endothelial cell damage, necrosis, and syncytial giant cell formation were seen in affected vessels. Characteristic viral inclusions were seen by light and electron microscopy. IHC analysis showed widespread presence of Nipah virus antigens in endothelial and smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. Abundant viral antigens were also seen in various parenchymal cells, particularly in neurons. Infection of endothelial cells and neurons as well as vasculitis and thrombosis seem to be critical to the pathogenesis of this new human disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Univ Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RP Zaki, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-G32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI LAM, SAI KIT/B-5231-2010; Goh, Khean Jin/D-1990-2010; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; Wong, Kum Thong/B-2788-2010 OI Goh, Khean Jin/0000-0001-5416-9627; NR 59 TC 161 Z9 176 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 0002-9440 J9 AM J PATHOL JI Am. J. Pathol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 161 IS 6 BP 2153 EP 2167 DI 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64493-8 PG 15 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 622TP UT WOS:000179663400022 PM 12466131 ER PT J AU Paul, JP Catania, J Pollack, L Moskowitz, J Canchola, J Mills, T Binson, D Stall, R AF Paul, JP Catania, J Pollack, L Moskowitz, J Canchola, J Mills, T Binson, D Stall, R TI On reliability and cultural competence in studies of sexual minority suicidality - Paul et al. respond SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter ID ORIENTATION; SCHOOL; SAMPLE; RISK; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Paul, JP (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, 74 New Montgomery St, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2002 VL 92 IS 12 BP 1883 EP 1884 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.12.1883-a PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 619BL UT WOS:000179453400002 ER PT J AU McKenzie, FE Baird, JK Beier, JC Lal, AA Bossert, WH AF McKenzie, FE Baird, JK Beier, JC Lal, AA Bossert, WH TI A biologic basis for integrated malaria control SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; PARASITES; MODELS AB In a series of models of Plasmodium falciparum dynamics, spontaneous local extinctions of the parasite sometimes occurred under steady, perennial-transmission conditions. These extinctions occurred only with extremely low mosquito densities or when the parameter describing the duration of human infection-blocking immunity was at its maximum value, and, simultaneously, those describing vector survivorship and the duration of human infectivity were at their minimum values. The range and frequency of extinctions increased with seasonal transmission, and decreased with the emergence of recombinant genotypes. Here we extend the immunity parameter up to levels that would describe a successful vaccine, and examine the combined influences of seasonality, genotype cross-reactivity, meiotic recombination, and human population turnover on parasite persistence. As Ross did 90 years ago, we conclude that malaria control programs that encompass several methods and targets of intervention are the most likely to succeed. Success is more likely if programs are cognizant of local circumstances of transmission, and, within that context, aim to reduce vector survivorship and human infectivity as well as augment human immunity. C1 Fogarty Int Ctr, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Trop Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP McKenzie, FE (reprint author), Fogarty Int Ctr, NIH, Room 306,Bldg 16, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [D43 TW001142, D43 TW-01142]; Intramural NIH HHS [Z99 TW999999]; NIAID NIH HHS [U19 AI-45511, U19 AI045511] NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 571 EP 577 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 628QJ UT WOS:000180007500004 PM 12518846 ER PT J AU Barwick, RS Uzicanin, A Lareau, S Malakmadze, N Imnadze, P Iosava, M Ninashvili, N Wilson, M Hightower, AW Johnston, S Bishop, H Petri, WA Juranek, DD AF Barwick, RS Uzicanin, A Lareau, S Malakmadze, N Imnadze, P Iosava, M Ninashvili, N Wilson, M Hightower, AW Johnston, S Bishop, H Petri, WA Juranek, DD TI Outbreak of amebiasis in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia, 1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB In 1998, we investigated a suspected outbreak of amebic liver abscesses caused by Entamoeba histolytica in the Republic of Georgia, using a case-control study. A questionnaire was administered and blood samples were obtained from cases and controls for serologic diagnosis. Medical records showed that E. histolytica infections were rarely diagnosed before 1998. However, from July through September 1998, 177 cases of suspected amebiasis were identified. Of 52 persons who had diagnosed liver abscesses, 37 (71%) were confirmed serologically to have antibodies against E. histolytica, compared with 11 of 53 persons (20.8%) diagnosed with intestinal amebiasis. In addition, 9-14% of asymptomatic controls were seropositive. Logistic regression identified the fact that interruptions in the water supply, decreases in water pressure, and increased water consumption were significantly associated with infection. The data support the hypothesis that drinking water was the source of infection, either because of inadequate municipal water treatment or contamination of municipal water in the distribution system. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Virginia, Ctr Hlth Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. Natl Ctr Dis Control, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Fed Minist Hlth, Tbilisi, Rep of Georgia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Virginia, Hlth Syst, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA. RP Barwick, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-03, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI26649] NR 10 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 623 EP 631 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 628QJ UT WOS:000180007500011 PM 12518853 ER PT J AU Thompson, RA Lima, JWD Maguire, JH Braud, DH Scholl, DT AF Thompson, RA Lima, JWD Maguire, JH Braud, DH Scholl, DT TI Climatic and demographic determinants of American visceral leishmaniasis in northeastern Brazil using remote sensing technology for environmental categorization of rain and region influences on leishmaniasis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LUTZOMYIA-LONGIPALPIS DIPTERA; ENDEMIC FOCUS; PSYCHODIDAE; DISEASE; COLOMBIA; ABUNDANCE; VECTORS AB Remote sensing (RS) permits evaluation of spatial and temporal variables that can be used for vector-borne disease models. A Landsat Thematic Mapper scene covering Caninde, Ceara in northeastern Brazil (September 25 1986) was spectrally enhanced and classified using ERDAS (Atlanta, GA) Imagine for 873 4-km(2) areas. The population and number of cases of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) were determined for each 4-km(2) area. Relative risk (RR) ratios were calculated for climate, demographic, and case data recorded for 17 years by the Municipality of Conide The RR of AVL for a child less than 10 years old from the foothills relative to non-foothill residency was 4.0 (95% confidence limit = 3.5 4.5). The RR of AVL in children was 9.1 during a time when the three-year rolling rain average (current year plus two previous year's precipitation) was between 40 and 60 cm relative to rain greater than 100 cm. The results suggest that features detected by RS techniques combined with climatic variables can be used to determine the risk of AVL in northeastern Brazil. C1 Fac Med Vet, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. Fundacao Natl Saude Ceara, BR-60110300 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Parasit Dis Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Geog & Anthropol, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Thompson, RA (reprint author), Fac Med Vet, CP 5000, St Hyacinthe, PQ J2S 7C6, Canada. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-16305-13] NR 33 TC 17 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 648 EP 655 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 628QJ UT WOS:000180007500015 PM 12518857 ER PT J AU Basanez, MG Collins, RC Porter, CH Little, MP Brandling-Bennett, D AF Basanez, MG Collins, RC Porter, CH Little, MP Brandling-Bennett, D TI Transmission intensity and the patterns of Onchocerca volvulus infection in human communities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT PROCESSES; SIMULIUM-DAMNOSUM SL; SUDAN-SAVANNA AREA; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; CONTROL-PROGRAMME; BRUGIA-PAHANGI; NORTH CAMEROON AB We focus on possible constraints upon Onchocerca volvulus establishment in humans in relation to exposure rates to infective larvae (L3) as measured by the annual transmission potential (ATP). We use mathematical and statistical modeling of pre-control west African (savanna), Mexican, and Guatemalan data to explore two hypotheses relating human infection to transmission intensity: microfilarial (mf) loads either saturate with increasing ATP or become (asymptotically) proportional to the ATP. The estimated proportion of L3 developing into adult worms ranged from 7% to 0.3% (low and high intensity areas, respectively). Relationships between mf prevalence and both mf and transmission intensity were nonlinear and statistically similar between west Africa (Simulium damnosum s.l) and Meso America (S. ochraceum s.l). This similarity extended to the relationship between mf intensity and ATP. The critical biting rates for onchocerciasis introduction and persistence (which depended on vector competence and host preference), were approximately 10-fold higher in settings where onchocerciasis is transmitted by S. ochraceum than in those where the vector is S. damnosum. A role for focal vector control in Mexico and Guatemala, in addition to nodulectomy and ivermectin, is suggested. C1 Imperial Coll Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London W2 1PG, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Imperial Coll Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, London W2 1PG, England. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Basanez, MG (reprint author), Imperial Coll Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, St Marys Campus,Norfolk Pl, London W2 1PG, England. NR 91 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 67 IS 6 BP 669 EP 679 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 628QJ UT WOS:000180007500018 PM 12518860 ER PT J AU Burkot, TR Taleo, G Toeaso, V Ichimori, K AF Burkot, TR Taleo, G Toeaso, V Ichimori, K TI Progress towards, and challenges for, the elimination of filariasis from Pacific-island communities SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI INFECTION; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; BED NETS; TRANSMISSION AB The Pacific Programme for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (PacELF) - the first regional campaign to attempt to eliminate filariasis as a public-health problem - is using five, annual, mass drug administrations (MDA) of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) plus albendazole to stop transmission. In 200 1, nine countries and territories covered by the programme had begun annual MDA campaigns, with population treatment coverages ranging from 52% to 95%. By the end of 2002, it is anticipated that 11 countries/territories will have begun such MDA campaigns. Even with high MDA coverage, the efficiency of Aedes polynesiensis as a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti may limit the effectiveness of the elimination campaigns in some countries. In areas of limited MDA coverage, additional strategies, such as vector control (as a adjunct to the MDA), or alternative approaches, such as the use of DEC-fortified salt, may be necessary to stop transmission. C1 Pacific Reg Vector Borne Dis Project, Port Vila, Vanuatu. Minist Hlth, Off Vector Borne Dis Control, Port Vila, Vanuatu. Off WHO Representat S Pacific, Suva, Fiji. RP Burkot, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 96 SU 2 BP S61 EP S69 DI 10.1179/000349802125002419 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 642VF UT WOS:000180825600006 PM 12625919 ER PT J AU Williams, SA Laney, SJ Bierwert, LA Saunders, LJ Boakye, DA Fischer, P Goodman, D Helmy, H Hoti, SL Vasuki, V Lammie, PJ Plichart, C Ramzy, RMR Ottesen, EA AF Williams, SA Laney, SJ Bierwert, LA Saunders, LJ Boakye, DA Fischer, P Goodman, D Helmy, H Hoti, SL Vasuki, V Lammie, PJ Plichart, C Ramzy, RMR Ottesen, EA TI Development and standardization of a rapid, PCR-based method for the detection of Wuchereria bancrofti in mosquitoes, for xenomonitoring the human prevalence of bancroftian filariasis SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE COMPLEX; REACTION-BASED ASSAY; BRUGIA-MALAYI; BLOOD-SAMPLES; REACTION-ELISA; CULEX-PIPIENS; DNA; INFECTION; POOLS AB PCR has recently been studied as a promising tool for monitoring the progress of efforts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. PCR can be used to test concurrently at least 30 pools, with as many as 40 mosquitoes in each pool, for the presence of filarial larvae. The SspI PCR assay for the detection of Wuchereria bancrofti DNA in pools of mosquitoes has been used since 1994 in a variety of laboratories worldwide. During that time, the original assay has been modified in these different laboratories and no standardized assay currently exists. In an effort to standardize and improve the assay, a meeting was held on 15-16 November 2001, at Emory University in Atlanta, with representatives from most of the laboratories currently using the assay. The first round of testing was designed to test the four most promising methods for DNA extraction from pools of mosquitoes. Two of the four methods stood out as clearly the best and these will be now optimised and evaluated in two further rounds of testing. C1 Smith Coll, Clark Sci Ctr, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. Univ Ghana, Parasitol Unit, Noguchi Memorial Inst Med Res, Legon, Ghana. Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, D-20359 Hamburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ain Shams Univ, Res & Training Ctr Vectors Dis, Cairo, Egypt. Indian Council Med Res, Vector Control Res Ctr, Pondicherry 605006, India. Inst Louis Malarde, Papeete 98713, Tahiti, Fr Polynesia. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Lymphat Filariasis Support Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Williams, SA (reprint author), Smith Coll, Clark Sci Ctr, Northampton, MA 01063 USA. RI Fischer, Peter/A-2746-2008 NR 20 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 2 PU MANEY PUBLISHING PI LEEDS PA HUDSON RD, LEEDS LS9 7DL, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 96 SU 2 BP S41 EP S46 DI 10.1179/000349802125002356 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 642VF UT WOS:000180825600003 PM 12625916 ER PT J AU Yigit, H Anderson, GJ Biddle, JW Steward, CD Rasheed, JK Valera, LL McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF Yigit, H Anderson, GJ Biddle, JW Steward, CD Rasheed, JK Valera, LL McGowan, JE Tenover, FC TI Carbapenem resistance in a clinical isolate of Enterobacter aerogenes is associated with decreased expression of OmpF and OmpC porin analogs SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PERMEABILITY; GRAM-NEGATIVE BACTERIA; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; BETA-LACTAMASE; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IMIPENEM RESISTANCE; OUTBREAK AB We investigated the mechanism of imipenem resistance in Enterobacter aerogenes strain 810, a clinical isolate from the United States for which the imipenem MIC was 16 mug/ml and the meropenem MIC was 8 mug/ml. An imipenem-susceptible revertant, strain 810-REV, was obtained after multiple passages of the strain on nonselective media. For the revertant, the imipenem MIC was less than or equal to1 mug/ml and the meropenem MIC was less than or equal to0.25 mug/ ml. Cefepime MICs also decreased from 8 to 1 mug/ml; however, the MICs of ceftazidime (greater than or equal to128 mug/ml), cefoxitin (greater than or equal to32 mug/ml), and cefotaxime (greater than or equal to64 mug/ml) remained the same. The beta-lactamase and porin profiles of the parent, the revertant, and carbapenem-susceptible type strain E. aeragenes ATCC 13048 were determined. Strains 810 and 810-REV each produced two beta-lactamases with pIs of 8.2 and 5.4. The beta-lactamase activities of the parent and revertant were similar, even after induction with subinhibitory concentrations of imipenem. While 810-REV produced two major outer membrane proteins of 42 and 39 kDa that corresponded to Escherichia coli porins OmpC and OmpF, respectively, the parent strain appeared to produce similar quantities of the 39-kDa protein (OmpF) but decreased amounts of the 42-kDa protein (OmpC). When the parent strain was grown in the presence of imipenem, the 42-kDa protein was not detectable by gel electrophoresis. However, Western blot analysis of the outer membrane proteins of the parent and revertant with polyclonal antisera raised to the OmpC and OmpF analogs of Klebsiella pneumoniae (anti-OmpK36 and anti-OmpK35, respectively) showed that strain 810 expressed only the 42-kDa OmpC analog in the absence of imipenem (the 39-kDa protein was not recognized by the anti-OmpF antisera) and neither the OmpC nor the OmpF analog in the presence of imipenem. The OmpC analog is apparently down-regulated in the presence of imipenem; however, 810-REV expressed both OmpC and OmpF analogs. These data suggest that imipenem resistance in E. aerogenes 810 is primarily associated with the lack of expression of the analogs of the OmpC (42-kDa) and OmpF (39-kDa) outer membrane proteins, which also results in decreased susceptibility to meropenem and cefepime. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Pharmaceut Res Inst, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 46 IS 12 BP 3817 EP 3822 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.12.3817-3822.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 617TB UT WOS:000179376000019 PM 12435682 ER PT J AU Oliver, A Weigel, LM Rasheed, JK McGowan, JE Raney, P Tenover, FC AF Oliver, A Weigel, LM Rasheed, JK McGowan, JE Raney, P Tenover, FC TI Mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to cefpodoxime in Escherichia coli SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID BETA-LACTAMASE; AMPC PROMOTER; RESISTANCE; SEQUENCE; PORIN; AMOXICILLIN; STRAIN; GENES; HYPERPRODUCTION; CEPHALOSPORINS AB Cefpodoxime is one of five antimicrobial agents recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for screening isolates of Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production. In a prior study, we noted that among 131 E. coli isolates for which the MIC of at least one extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC) or aztreonam was greater than or equal to2 mug/ml (suggesting the presence of ESBL production), there were 59 isolates (45.0%) for which the MIC of cefpodoxime was 2 to 4 mug/ml (i.e., a positive ESBL screening test), but the MICs of ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone were less than or equal to1 mug/ml (below the ESBL screening breakpoint). Thus, the results appeared to be false-positive ESBL screening tests. These 59 isolates were divided into five phenotypic groups based on the susceptibility patterns of the organisms to a variety of beta-lactam agents and further characterized. The first group (32 isolates) all produced a TEM-1 beta-lactamase, and changes in the major outer membrane proteins were detected in representative strains. The second group (18 isolates) lacked bla(TEM) but showed a number of porin changes; some also showed a modest elevation in production of the AmpC chromosomal beta-lactamase. In the third phenotypic group (seven isolates) all expressed an OXA-30 beta-lactamase. Some also harbored altered porins. The two remaining phenotypes each had a distinct pattern of porin changes with or without beta-lactamase production. These data indicate that several factors are associated with decreased susceptibility to cefpodoxime in E. coli, but none of the mechanisms are related to ESBL production. Current screening methods produced false-positive ESBL results for these isolates. Such isolates should not be classified as containing ESBLs, nor should interpretations of ESCs or aztreonam susceptibility be changed to resistant on test reports for these isolates. C1 Hosp Ramon y Cajal, Dept Microbiol, E-28034 Madrid, Spain. Emory Univ, Div Healthcare Qual promot, Ctr Dis & Control Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Oliver, A (reprint author), Hosp Son Dureta, Microbiol Serv, Palma de Mallorca 07014, Spain. RI Oliver, Antonio/E-4048-2012; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 OI Oliver, Antonio/0000-0001-9327-1894; NR 38 TC 46 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 46 IS 12 BP 3829 EP 3836 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.12.3829-3836.2002 PG 8 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 617TB UT WOS:000179376000021 PM 12435684 ER PT J AU Dicuonzo, G Fiscarelli, E Gherardi, G Lorino, G Battistoni, F Landi, S De Cesaris, M Petitti, T Beall, B AF Dicuonzo, G Fiscarelli, E Gherardi, G Lorino, G Battistoni, F Landi, S De Cesaris, M Petitti, T Beall, B TI Erythromycin-resistant pharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes recovered in Italy SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; FIBRONECTIN-BINDING PROTEIN; SERUM OPACITY FACTOR; MACROLIDE-RESISTANCE; EPITHELIAL-CELLS; GENE; SEQUENCE; STRAINS; PREVALENCE; INTERNALIZATION AB Three classes of macrolide resistance phenotypes and three different erythromycin resistance determinants were found among 127 erythromycin-resistant group A streptococcal (GAS) isolates recovered from 355 (35.8%) pediatric pharyugitis patients in Rome, Italy. According to emm and sof sequence typing results, erythromycin-resistant isolates comprised 11 different clonal types. Remarkably, 126 of the 127 macrolide-resistant isolates were serum opacity factor (sof) gene positive. These data suggest a strong association between macrolide resistance and the presence of sof among GAS isolates recovered from Italian pediatric pharyngitis patients. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Collaborating Ctr Stroptococcal Res, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Ist Microbiol, Rome, Italy. Osped Bambino Gesu, Dept Lab Med, Rome, Italy. Osped Bambino Gesu, Hosp Infect Control Program, Rome, Italy. Osped Bambino Gesu, Univ Campus Biomed, Rome, Italy. Osped Bambino Gesu, Serv Med Lab, Rome, Italy. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO Collaborating Ctr Stroptococcal Res, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Petitti, Tommasangelo/J-5023-2012; Fiscarelli, Ersilia Vita/K-3035-2016; OI Fiscarelli, Ersilia Vita/0000-0003-4156-1835; Gherardi, Giovanni/0000-0001-6010-3157; Petitti, Tommasangelo/0000-0002-5585-9475 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 46 IS 12 BP 3987 EP 3990 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.12.3987-3990.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 617TB UT WOS:000179376000044 PM 12435707 ER PT J AU Steindel, SJ Granade, S Lee, J Avery, G Clarke, LM Jenny, RW LaBeau, KM AF Steindel, SJ Granade, S Lee, J Avery, G Clarke, LM Jenny, RW LaBeau, KM TI Practice patterns of testing waived under the clinical laboratory improvement amendments SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PATHOLOGISTS Q-PROBES; QUALITY-CONTROL PRACTICES; VITRO DIAGNOSTIC DEVICES; OFFICE LABORATORIES; FEDERAL-REGULATION; PERFORMANCE; EXPERIENCE; CLIA AB Objectives.-To determine operational practices in laboratories operating under a Certificate of Wavier (waived laboratories), or equivalent, under the Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments (CLIA) of 1988 when performing tests designated as having an insignificant risk of an erroneous result (ie, waived tests). Methods.-Waived laboratories that were part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Laboratory Sentinel Monitoring Network project in the states of Arkansas, New York, and Washington were surveyed about their quality control (QC) and quality assurances (QA) practices when performing waived testing. Arkansas and Washington sent out similar questionnaires, whereas onsite surveys were conducted in New York. The survey in Arkansas and Washington also included nonwaived laboratories. The New York visits were designed to pilot test a regulatory inspection program for limited testing sites, which, in New York, are roughly equivalent to laboratories operating under a CLIA Certificate of Wavier and/or Provider-Performed Microscopy but are generally not located in physicians' offices. Laboratories visited in New York were selected from a list of limited testing sites and were representative of that population. Results.-Arkansas received responses from 211 facilities (37% response rate), of which 38% had Certificates of Waiver. Washington received responses from 190 waived laboratories (71% response rate) and from 116 nonwaived laboratories (32% response rate). In New York, 607 of the 2751 limited testing laboratories were visited. Reporting laboratories in all 3 states most frequently performed testing for glucose, urinalysis, urine human chorionic gonadotropin, occult blood, and group A Streptococcus antigen, although other waived tests were performed less frequently. Washington found that 57% of waived laboratories followed manufacturers' QC requirements. Arkansas found that 58% of laboratories doing waived tests that required liquid controls performed these controls, and 59% performing waived testing requiring electronic controls used these controls. In New York, 68% of the laboratories complied with the manufacturer's QC requirements for a variety of tests. Being accredited by an external organization, or affiliated with a more complex laboratory improved compliance. Nonwaived laboratories in Washington and Arkansas complied with manufacturer's instructions at a higher rate than did waived laboratories. Similar deficiencies in following CLIA requirements were found in other areas of laboratory operation. Conclusions.-Just more than half of waived laboratories in 3 diverse states follow manufacturer's instructions for recommended QC and QA. These instructions help ensure that the test will produce results that have an insignificant chance of an error. Although we did not study the impact of this and other findings on patient care, the results show that imposing good laboratory practices by regulation alone was insufficient to ensure quality laboratory results in any location evaluated. A system that can continually provide accessible education on laboratory practices, coupled with new thoughts on the regulatory environment, is in order. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Practice Assessment Branch, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Chamblee, GA USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Serv Res & Policy, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Div Lab Qual Certificat, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Off Lab Qual Assurance, Seattle, WA USA. RP Steindel, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Management Resource Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U47/CCU617550-01, U47/CCU017190-01, U47/CCU217551-01] NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 126 IS 12 BP 1471 EP 1479 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 626CW UT WOS:000179855600006 PM 12456207 ER PT J AU Drebot, MA Henchal, E Hjelle, B LeDuc, JW Repik, PM Roehrig, JT Schmaljohn, CS Shope, RE Tesh, RB Weaver, SC Calisher, CH AF Drebot, MA Henchal, E Hjelle, B LeDuc, JW Repik, PM Roehrig, JT Schmaljohn, CS Shope, RE Tesh, RB Weaver, SC Calisher, CH TI Improved clarity of meaning from the use of both formal species names and common (vernacular) virus names in virological literature SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Populat & Publ Hlth Branch, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB, Canada. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Div Virol, Dept Mol Virol, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Infect Dis & Inflammat Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biol, Infect Dis & Inflammat Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Mol Genet & Microbiol, Infect Dis & Inflammat Program, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIAID, Div Microbiol & Infect Dis, Virol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Calisher, CH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011; OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 3 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 147 IS 12 BP 2465 EP 2471 DI 10.1007/s00705-002-0938-8 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 625FF UT WOS:000179805800017 PM 12491112 ER PT J AU Quinn, FD Birkness, KA King, PJ AF Quinn, FD Birkness, KA King, PJ TI Alpha-crystallin as a potential marker of Mycobacterium tuberculosis latency - M-tuberculosis alpha-crystallin protein may be useful for determining which individuals with positive skin tests harbor latent infections SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Article ID PERSISTENCE; GENE C1 Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Athens, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Stephen F Austin State Univ, Dept Biol, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD DEC PY 2002 VL 68 IS 12 BP 612 EP + PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 640WE UT WOS:000180710500014 ER PT J AU Maynard, AD Maynard, RL AF Maynard, AD Maynard, RL TI A derived association between ambient aerosol surface area and excess mortality using historic time series data SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE aerosol; exposure; health effects; surface area; computational modeling ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; LONDON; DIOXIDE; MATTER; INJURY; CITIES AB Although aerosol mass concentration is widely associated with ill health following inhalation; there is increasing evidence that it is a poor indicator of fine and ultrafine particle toxicity. Research has indicated that biological response to such particles is closely associated with particulate surface area; although no epidemiology data currently exist to validate the association. By applying a simple model to historic mass-based time series data, we have been able to estimate mortality rate as a function of ambient aerosol surface area. Within the simplifying assumptions of the model, a linear association is indicated between mortality rate and surface area concentration for coalescing particles. The analysis also indicates the existence of a threshold aerosol concentration, below which particulate mass and surface area are linearly related. Below this threshold, we suggest that mass concentration measurements may provide a good indicator of health effects, although for high exposures found in the developing world and industry, the model indicates that aerosol exposure may be more appropriately characterized by surface area. Further experimental validation of the model should establish the applicability of derived relationships between aerosol mass and surface area concentration to ambient and occupational exposures. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NIOSH, US DHHS, Publ Hlth Serv, CDCP,Div Applied Res & Techn, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Dept Hlth, London SE13 6LH, England. RP Maynard, AD (reprint author), NIOSH, US DHHS, Publ Hlth Serv, CDCP,Div Applied Res & Techn, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 27 TC 48 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 36 IS 36-37 BP 5561 EP 5567 AR PII S1352-2310(02)00743-4 DI 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00743-4 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 618FX UT WOS:000179409000001 ER PT J AU Datta, S Satten, GA AF Datta, S Satten, GA TI Estimation of integrated transition hazards and stage occupation probabilities for non-Markov systems under dependent censoring SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Aalen-Johansen estimator; Aalen's linear hazard model; bone marrow transplant data; graft-versus-host disease; informative censoring; multistage model; multivariate survival analysis; nonparametric estimation ID MODEL; TIMES AB We propose nonparametric estimators of the stage occupation probabilities and transition hazards for a multistage system that is not necessarily Markovian, using data that are subject to dependent right censoring. We assume that the hazard of being censored at a given instant depends on a possibly time-dependent covariate process as opposed to assuming a fixed censoring hazard (independent censoring). The estimator of the integrated transition hazard matrix has a Nelson-Aalen form where each of the counting processes counting the number of transitions between states and the risk sets for leaving each stage have an IPCW (inverse probability of censoring weighted) form. We estimate these weights using Aalen's linear hazard model. Finally, the stage occupation probabilities are obtained from the estimated integrated transition hazard matrix via product integration. Consistency of these estimators under the general paradigm of non-Markov models is established and asymptotic variance formulas are provided. Simulation results show satisfactory performance of these estimators. An analysis of data on graft-versus-host disease for bone marrow transplant patients is used as an illustration. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Datta, S (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. OI Satten, Glen/0000-0001-7275-5371 NR 15 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 58 IS 4 BP 792 EP 802 DI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2002.00792.x PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 620NL UT WOS:000179539400010 PM 12495133 ER PT J AU Barnhart, HX Williamson, JM AF Barnhart, HX Williamson, JM TI Weighted least-squares approach for comparing correlated kappa SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE agreement; correlated kappa; weighted least squares ID GENERALIZED ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; NOMINAL SCALE AGREEMENT; OBSERVER AGREEMENT; CATEGORICAL DATA; STATISTICS; COEFFICIENT AB In the medical sciences, studies are often designed to assess the agreement between different raters or different instruments. The kappa coefficient is a popular index of agreement for binary and categorical ratings. Here we focus on testing for the equality of two dependent kappa coefficients. We use the weighted least-squares (WLS) approach of Koch et al. (1977, Biometrics 33, 133-158) to take into account the correlation between the estimated kappa statistics. We demonstrate how the SAS PROC CATMOD can be used to test for the equality of dependent Cohen's kappa coefficients and dependent intraclass kappa coefficients with nominal categorical ratings. We also test for the equality of dependent Cohen's kappa and dependent weighted kappa with ordinal ratings. The major advantage of the WLS approach is that it allows the data analyst a way of testing dependent kappa with popular SAS software. The WLS approach can handle any number of categories. Analyses of three biomedical studies are used for illustration. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barnhart, HX (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 30 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 58 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1019 DI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2002.01012.x PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 620NL UT WOS:000179539400034 PM 12495157 ER PT J AU Rathouz, PJ Satten, GA Carroll, RJ AF Rathouz, PJ Satten, GA Carroll, RJ TI Semiparametric inference in matched case-control studies with missing covariate data SO BIOMETRIKA LA English DT Article DE case-control study; conditional inference; estimating equation; missing data; projection; robustness; semiparametric; two-stage study ID CONDITIONAL LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; LIKELIHOOD; MODELS AB We consider the problem of matched studies with a binary outcome that are analysed using conditional logistic regression, and for which data on some covariates are missing for some study participants. Methods for this problem involve either modelling the distribution of missing covariates or modelling the probability of data being missing. For this second approach, the previously proposed method did not make use of data for those persons with missing covariate data except in the model for the missingness. We propose a new class of estimators that use outcome and available covariate data for all study participants, and show that a particular member of this class always has better efficiency than the previously proposed estimator. We illustrate the efficiency gains that are possible with our approach using simulated data. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Rathouz, PJ (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Hlth Studies, 5841 S Maryland Ave,MC 2007, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOMETRIKA TRUST PI LONDON PA UNIV COLLEGE LONDON GOWER ST-BIOMETRIKA OFFICE, LONDON WC1E 6BT, ENGLAND SN 0006-3444 J9 BIOMETRIKA JI Biometrika PD DEC PY 2002 VL 89 IS 4 BP 905 EP 916 DI 10.1093/biomet/89.4.905 PG 12 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 624RH UT WOS:000179774400014 ER PT J AU Li, RW Grummer-Strawn, L AF Li, RW Grummer-Strawn, L TI Racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding among United States infants: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article ID WOMEN; PATTERNS AB Background: The studies suggesting that blacks are less likely to initiate and maintain breastfeeding than whites in the United States are limited either by the representativeness of the sample or by the ambiguousness of attribution of racial and ethnic disparities to generally poor socioeconomic status among blacks. The Purpose of this study was to examine racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding rates among U.S. infants using national representative data. Methods: We analyzed breastfeeding data reported by parents of children ages 12 to 71 months at the time of interview from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994). Breastfeeding data were stratified by both race and ethnicity, and by a series of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics. Results: The proportion of children ever breastfed was 60 percent among non-Hispanic whites, 26 percent among non-Hispanic blacks, and 54 percent among Mexican Americans. By 6 months postpartum, the proportion still breastfed decreased to 27, 9, and 23 percent, correspondently. Blacks also had a significantly lower rate of exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months than whites (14%). In addition, the differentials in breastfeeding rates between high and low socioeconomic classes were most substantial among blacks. Conclusions: Blacks had consistent lower breastfeeding rates than whites regardless of their sociodemographic status. The large differentials between high and low socioeconomic classes among blacks suggest that socioeconomic status has a bigger impact on breastfeeding practices among blacks. Therefore, blacks, particularly those who are poor or less educated, need to be targeted for promotion, protection, and support of breastfeeding. C1 CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act MS K25, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Li, RW (reprint author), CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act MS K25, Maternal & Child Nutr Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 2 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD DEC PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1046/j.1523-536X.2002.00199.x PG 7 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 621YW UT WOS:000179619700003 PM 12431264 ER PT J AU Cardenas, V Davis, RL Hasselquist, MB Zavitkovsky, A Schuchat, A AF Cardenas, V Davis, RL Hasselquist, MB Zavitkovsky, A Schuchat, A TI Barriers to implementing the group B streptococcal prevention guidelines SO BIRTH-ISSUES IN PERINATAL CARE LA English DT Article ID DISEASE; CONTROVERSIES AB Background: Group B streptococcal disease is the leading cause of neonatal sepsis in the United States. We assessed predictors of compliance with the consensus guidelines for perinatal group B streptococcus disease prevention at two Group Health Cooperative hospitals. Methods: A descriptive and cohort analysis was conducted of failure to comply with the screening-based approach to group B streptococcus prevention among singleton birth pregnancies in two Group Health Cooperative hospitals, September 1, 1996 to December 31, 1997. We studied determinants of,failure to screen pregnant women for group B streptococcus at 35 to 37 weeks' gestation and failure to deliver intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to Group B streptococcus-positive women. Results: Nearly 28 percent of 1969 women delivering at two Group Health Cooperative hospitals were not screened appropriately for group B streptococcus. Women who were not screened properly were more likely to be in their teens, A short length of hospital stay before delivery was the strongest predictor of the lack of administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis to infected multiparas at delivery. Group B streptococcus-positive women without pregnancy complications were less likely to receive intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis than infected women with complications. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that to improve group B streptococcus disease prevention, screening efforts should focus on teenage women, and intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis delivery efforts should be aimed at low-risk women with precipitous labor. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cardenas, V (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Box 357236,1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0730-7659 J9 BIRTH-ISS PERINAT C JI Birth-Issue Perinat. Care PD DEC PY 2002 VL 29 IS 4 BP 285 EP 290 DI 10.1046/j.1523-536X.2002.00203.x PG 6 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 621YW UT WOS:000179619700007 PM 12431267 ER PT J AU Gundberg, CM Looker, AC Nieman, SD Calvo, MS AF Gundberg, CM Looker, AC Nieman, SD Calvo, MS TI Patterns of osteocalcin and bone specific alkaline phosphatase by age, gender, and race or ethnicity SO BONE LA English DT Article DE osteocalcin; bone specific alkaline phosphatase; race/ethnicity; bone turnover; National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; aging ID BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; HIP FRACTURE; WHITE WOMEN; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; FEMORAL-NECK; SERUM; TURNOVER; METABOLISM; MEN AB A variety of biochemical markers of bone turnover that assess bone formation or resorption are now available for research and clinical application. However, our understanding of the usual pattern of these measures over age in the general population is limited. Therefore, values of two bone formation markers, serum osteocalcin (Oc) and bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), were compared by age, gender, and race or ethnicity using serum obtained from a subsample of blacks, whites, and Mexican Americans from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). In all racial and ethnic groups, mean values of both serum Oc and bone ALP were lower in women than in men <50 years old. In individuals greater than or equal to50 years of age, Oc was significantly higher in women than in men. When analyzed in these two broad age groups, Oc was lower in older black men than in white or Mexican American men, but bone ALP was not different among the groups. In women, Oc levels tended to be lower in the black women than in white or Mexican American women. In contrast, bone ALP tended to be lower in white women than in black or Mexican American women. On the other hand, when analyzed by decade, patterns differed between the two markers in both men and women. In women, both Oc and bone ALP rose postmenopausally. However, bone ALP plateaued in the sixth through eighth decades, whereas Oc levels tended to increase further. In men, Oc was highest in the 20-29 year age group, declined and stabilized, then increased again in the seventh decade. In contrast, mean bone ALP did not differ by decade in men. Our data document differences in levels of circulating Oc and bone ALP by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. The age patterns reflected by the two markers are not concordant and distinctions are most evident in the latter decades. Our findings suggest that the specific osteoblast activity reflected by these markers responds differently to the physiologic changes that occur later in life. (C) 2002 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed & Rehabil, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Washington, DC 20204 USA. RP Gundberg, CM (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Orthopaed, 789 Howard St,TMP-509, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR38460] NR 53 TC 74 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 8756-3282 J9 BONE JI Bone PD DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 703 EP 708 AR PII S8756-3282(02)00902-X DI 10.1016/S8756-3282(02)00902-X PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 630MG UT WOS:000180111300010 PM 12531565 ER PT J AU Porter, PL Lund, MJ Eley, JW Coates, RJ Flagg, EW Liff, JM Lin, MG Yuan, X Schmidt, J Stafford, S AF Porter, PL Lund, MJ Eley, JW Coates, RJ Flagg, EW Liff, JM Lin, MG Yuan, X Schmidt, J Stafford, S TI Abnormal expression of G1 cell cycle proteins in breast tumors of African American women. SO BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 25th San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium CY DEC 11-14, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS C1 Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6806 J9 BREAST CANCER RES TR JI Breast Cancer Res. Treat. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 SU 1 MA 310 BP S84 EP S84 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 624QA UT WOS:000179770100223 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Satariano, WA Thompson, T Ragland, KE Van Den Eeden, SK Selvin, S AF Hall, HI Satariano, WA Thompson, T Ragland, KE Van Den Eeden, SK Selvin, S TI Initial treatment for prostate carcinoma in relation to comorbidity and symptoms SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE prostatic neoplasm; radiation; surgery; comorbidity ID DATA-BASE REPORT; RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY; BREAST-CANCER; CO-MORBIDITY; MEN; CARE; POPULATION; IMPACT; SURVIVAL; TRENDS AB BACKGROUND. Evidence suggests the type of treatment received for prostate carcinoma is associated with comorbidity, but little information is available on associations with specific comorbid disease or symptoms. The authors examined the relations between treatment and comorbidity, specific comorbid disease, and symptoms. METHODS. Medical records were abstracted for 1054 male members of the Kaiser Permanente medical care program diagnosed with prostate carcinoma from 1975 to 1987. Information was obtained on demographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, symptoms, tumor stage and grade, and treatment. Logistic regression was used to determine the significant predictors of treatment (radiation vs. nonaggressive treatment and surgery vs. nonaggressive treatment). RESULTS. Compared to nonaggressive treatment, radiation treatment was less likely among men who had prior cancer (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09-0.90) or cerebrovascular disease (OR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.83). There was a significant interaction between race and myocardial infarction (P = 0.02). Surgery, compared to nonaggressive treatment, was less common among men with a prior cancer (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07-0.63) or congestive heart failure (OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.90). Significant interactions were observed between race and myocardial infarction (P = 0.01), diabetes and dysuria or hematuria (P = 0.02), and para- or hemiplegia and urinary frequency or nocturia (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS. Specific symptoms and comorbidity appear to influence treatment for prostate carcinoma. More research is needed on treatment differences by race. Published 2002 by the American Cancer Society.* C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Publ Hlth Biol & Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Family & Community Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Biostat & Informat Sci, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, DHAP, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU909706] NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 95 IS 11 BP 2308 EP 2315 DI 10.1002/cncr.10926 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 617QB UT WOS:000179371400008 PM 12436436 ER PT J AU Potischman, N Coates, RJ Swanson, CA Carroll, RJ Daling, JR Brogan, DR Gammon, MD Midthune, D Curtin, J Brinton, LA AF Potischman, N Coates, RJ Swanson, CA Carroll, RJ Daling, JR Brogan, DR Gammon, MD Midthune, D Curtin, J Brinton, LA TI Increased risk of early-stage breast cancer related to consumption of sweet foods among women less than age 45 in the United States SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; diet; sweet foods; United States; women ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; INSULIN-RESISTANCE; POOLED ANALYSIS; BINDING PROTEIN-3; DIETARY FACTORS; FAT; COHORT; HYPERANDROGENISM; QUESTIONNAIRE; METAANALYSIS AB Objectives: To evaluate the associations of dietary macronutrients, food groups, and eating patterns with risk of breast cancer in a population-based case-control study. Methods: In this study among women 20-44 years of age, 568 cases with breast cancer and 1451 population-based controls were included. They completed a detailed in-person interview, a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire and were measured for anthropometric indices. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of breast cancer, adjusted for age, study site, race, education, alcohol consumption, oral contraceptive usage, smoking status, and body mass index. Results: There was no association between breast cancer risk and intake of calories, macronutrients, or types of fat. Risk of breast cancer was unrelated to intakes of a variety of food groups, including red meats, dairy, high-fat snacks and desserts, or foods high in animal fat. Increased risk was observed for high intake of a food group composed of sweet items, particularly sodas and desserts. Risk increased linearly with percent of calories from sweets and frequency of sweets intake. Consumption of sweets 9.8 or more times per week compared with <2.8 times per week was associated with an adjusted OR of 1.32 (95% CI = 1.0-1.8). This association did not appear to be due to the high-fat foods or carbonated beverages that comprised the food group. Compared with women reporting one or two meals and snacks per day, reduced risks were noted for women reporting six or more (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.4-1.1). Conclusions: These data suggest a modest relationship between intakes of sweet items with risk of in-situ and localized breast cancer in young women. This relation is consistent with the hypothesized link of high insulin exposure and risk of breast cancer. There was some suggestion that women who ate many times during the day were at reduced risk of disease, which is also consistent with an insulin-related mechanism. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DIv Canc Control & Populat Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Div Canc Prevent, Silver Spring, MD USA. Informat Management Serv Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Potischman, N (reprint author), NCI, Appl Res Program, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, 6130 Execut Blvd,MSC 7344, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562 FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CP-95604, CA57030, N01-CP-95605, N01-CP-95671, N01-CP-95672] NR 48 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 10 BP 937 EP 946 DI 10.1023/A:1021919416101 PG 10 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 634EZ UT WOS:000180328200007 PM 12588090 ER PT J AU Robinson, C Cardarelli, J Spitz, HB Utterback, DF AF Robinson, C Cardarelli, J Spitz, HB Utterback, DF TI Re: Diagnostic radiation and the risk of multiple myeloma (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, Div Surveillance, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Robinson, C (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, Div Surveillance, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 10 BP 975 EP 975 DI 10.1023/A:1021983401405 PG 1 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 634EZ UT WOS:000180328200011 PM 12588094 ER PT J AU Simon, MS Tang, MTC Bernstein, L Norman, SA Weiss, L Burkman, RT Daling, JR Deapen, D Folger, SG Malone, K Marchbanks, PA McDonald, JA Strom, BL Wilson, HG Spirtas, R AF Simon, MS Tang, MTC Bernstein, L Norman, SA Weiss, L Burkman, RT Daling, JR Deapen, D Folger, SG Malone, K Marchbanks, PA McDonald, JA Strom, BL Wilson, HG Spirtas, R TI Do thyroid disorders increase the risk of breast cancer? SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID MOUSE MAMMARY-GLANDS; MEDICAL CONDITIONS; HORMONES; SUPPLEMENTS; DISEASES; HISTORY; WOMEN AB The objective of this study was to determine whether thyroid disorders or treatment of such disorders affects the risk of breast cancer. Subjects aged 35-64 years were participants in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, a population-based, case-control study of invasive breast cancer that was carried out at five sites in the United States. In-person interviews were completed for 4575 women (cases) with breast cancer (2953 white and 1622 black) and 4682 control women (3021 white and 1661 black). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multiple logistic regression methods. Models included adjustment for age (5-year age groups), race (white or black), and site. A history of any thyroid disorder (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9-1.2) was not associated with breast cancer risk. Only women with a history of thyroid cancer had an increased risk, but this was restricted to parous women (parous OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.5-8.1; nulliparous OR = 0.5, 95 % CI = 0.04-5.1). Breast cancer risk was not associated with treatment for thyroid disorders. There was no statistical interaction between thyroid disorders, thyroid treatments, and race, menopausal status, or parity. We found no association between thyroid disorders or their associated treatments and the risk of breast cancer. C1 Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Hematol & Oncol, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Div Epidemiol, Detroit, MI USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol Biostat, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Springfield, MA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Simon, MS (reprint author), Harper Grace Hosp, 514 Hudson,3990 John R St, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-2-3166, N01-HD-3-3168, Y01-HD-7022, N01-HD-3-3175, N01-HD-3-3174, N01-HD-3-3176] NR 20 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 11 IS 12 BP 1574 EP 1578 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 628UE UT WOS:000180014300008 PM 12496046 ER PT J AU Meyer, PA Mannino, DM Redd, SC Olson, DR AF Meyer, PA Mannino, DM Redd, SC Olson, DR TI Characteristics of adults dying with COPD SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; mortality; obstructive lung disease; smoking ID OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE; DEATH CERTIFICATE; PASSIVE SMOKING; MORTALITY; ASTHMA; RISK; ACCURACY; CANCER AB Study objective: To describe factors associated with COPD deaths in the United States. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Participants: A total of 12,803 decedents in the National Mortality Followback Survey, a nationally representative sample of US deaths in 1993. Methods: We compared the characteristics of adults greater than or equal to35 years of age who died with COPD (bronchitis, emphysema, chronic airway obstruction) with those dying without COPD listed on their death certificates. Results: Of the estimated 225,400 adults who died with COPD in 1993, 16.7% had never smoked. People dying with COPD were more likely than those dying without COPD to be current smokers (odds ratio [OR], 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3 to 9.9) or former smokers (OR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.5 to 5.3), have a history of asthma (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 3.2 to 7.8), be underweight (OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 2.8 to 7.2), and be of the white race (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.4 to 4.0), after controlling for age group and sex. Conclusions: A significant proportion of COPD-related deaths occurs in never-smokers. Factors such as a history of asthma and being underweight are associated with COPD mortality and may provide additional opportunities for intervention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biometry Branch, Div Environm Hazard & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 40 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD DEC PY 2002 VL 122 IS 6 BP 2003 EP 2008 DI 10.1378/chest.122.6.2003 PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 628GV UT WOS:000179985600026 PM 12475839 ER PT J AU O'Grady, NP Alexander, M Dellinger, EP Gerberding, JL Heard, SO Maki, DG Masur, H McCormick, RD Mermel, LA Pearson, ML Raad, II Randolph, A Weinstein, RA AF O'Grady, NP Alexander, M Dellinger, EP Gerberding, JL Heard, SO Maki, DG Masur, H McCormick, RD Mermel, LA Pearson, ML Raad, II Randolph, A Weinstein, RA TI Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS CATHETERS; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PULMONARY-ARTERY CATHETERS; IN-LINE FILTRATION AB These guidelines have been developed for practitioners who insert catheters and for persons responsible for surveillance and control of infections in hospital, outpatient, and home health-care settings. This report was prepared by a working group comprising members from professional organizations representing the disciplines of critical care medicine, infectious diseases, health-care infection control, surgery, anesthesiology, interventional radiology, pulmonary medicine, pediatric medicine, and nursing. The working group was led by the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), in collaboration with the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA), Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), Surgical Infection Society (SIS), American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), American Thoracic Society (ATS), American Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (ASCCA), Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), Infusion Nurses Society (INS), Oncology Nursing Society (ONS), Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology (SCVIR), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and is intended to replace the Guideline for Prevention of Intravascular Device-Related Infections published in 1996. These guidelines are intended to provide evidence-based recommendations for preventing catheter-related infections. Major areas of emphasis include 1) educating and training health-care providers who insert and maintain catheters; 2) using maximal sterile barrier precautions during central venous catheter insertion; 3) using a 2% chlorhexidine preparation for skin antisepsis; 4) avoiding routine replacement of central venous catheters as a strategy to prevent infection; and 5) using antiseptic/antibiotic impregnated short-term central venous catheters if the rate of infection is high despite adherence to other strategies (i.e., education and training, maximal sterile barrier precautions, and 2% chlorhexidine for skin antisepsis). These guidelines also identify performance indicators that can be used locally by health-care institutions or organizations to monitor their success in implementing these evidence-based recommendations. C1 NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Infus Nurses Soc, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Hosp & Clin, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP O'Grady, NP (reprint author), NIH, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 294 TC 105 Z9 114 U1 3 U2 21 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1281 EP 1307 DI 10.1086/344188 PG 27 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 617AK UT WOS:000179336800001 ER PT J AU Kohler, KA Hlady, WG Banerjee, K Francis, P Durrani, S Zuber, PLF AF Kohler, KA Hlady, WG Banerjee, K Francis, P Durrani, S Zuber, PLF TI Predictors of virologically confirmed poliomyelitis in India, 1998-2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ACUTE FLACCID PARALYSIS; ERADICATION; SURVEILLANCE; POLIOVIRUSES; DIAGNOSIS AB As we progress toward eradication of polio, a growing proportion of cases of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) reported are due to causes other than polio. AFP surveillance data from India for 1998-2000 were analyzed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of signs and symptoms present at initial case investigation and of residual weakness (which is used to classify AFP cases) for virologically confirmed poliomyelitis. Sensitivity was highest for age of <5 years (93%-97%) and residual weakness (74%-96%). Residual weakness was more sensitive among children aged <5 years. Cases of AFP in patients aged <5 years who have fever and asymmetrical paralysis are most likely to be confirmed as poliomyelitis. In countries with suboptimal surveillance for AFP, these results may help to prioritize investigation of AFP cases. The high sensitivity of residual weakness demonstrates the importance of 60-day follow-up examination for all patients with AFP, particularly those for whom the initial case investigation was inadequate or delayed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Polio Surveillance Project, New Delhi, India. WHO, SE Asia Reg Off, New Delhi, India. RP Kohler, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1321 EP 1327 DI 10.1086/344190 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 617AK UT WOS:000179336800004 PM 12439794 ER PT J AU Boras, A Kaic, B Ivic, I Schmink, S Sacchi, CT Punda-Polic, V Popovic, T AF Boras, A Kaic, B Ivic, I Schmink, S Sacchi, CT Punda-Polic, V Popovic, T TI Molecular approaches to differentiation of W135 Neisseria meningitidis strains in Croatia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Infect Dis, Zagreb, Croatia. Croatian Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Hosp, Split, Croatia. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Dept Bacteriol, Div Med Biol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Invest Lab, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G34,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM Tpopovic@cdc.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 11 BP 1451 EP 1452 DI 10.1086/344182 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 617AK UT WOS:000179336800030 PM 12439819 ER PT J AU Belay, ED Schonberger, LB AF Belay, ED Schonberger, LB TI Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and bovine spongiform encephalopathy SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TONSIL BIOPSY; RISK-FACTORS; BSE; TRANSMISSION; MORTALITY; DIAGNOSIS; EPIDEMIC; HUMANS; DECADE AB Strong epidemiologic and laboratory evidence indicate that a novel, variant form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) first reported in the United Kingdom in 1996 is causally linked with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). BSE was first identified in the early 1980s in the United Kingdom, and has since spread to other European countries and recently to Japan and Israel. Although the United Kingdom BSE epizootic is on the decline, widespread exposure of humans to infected cattle products may have already occurred, raising concerns about the ultimate magnitude of the vCJD outbreak which, as of October 2002, has already affected 138 patients worldwide, including 128 patients in the United Kingdom. C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013 NR 35 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 849 EP + AR PII S0272-2712(02)00024-0 DI 10.1016/S0272-2712(02)00024-0 PG 16 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 624AE UT WOS:000179736500003 PM 12489284 ER PT J AU Harper, S Klimov, A Uyeki, T Fukuda, K AF Harper, S Klimov, A Uyeki, T Fukuda, K TI Influenza SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; ENZYME HYBRIDIZATION ASSAY; A H5N1 VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; RAPID DETECTION; DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; ELDERLY PERSONS AB Influenza remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Although signs and symptoms of individual influenza cases are nonspecific, the epidemiology is characteristic, and a clinical diagnosis can be made accurately during epidemics. Several tests can be used to confirm influenza infection. Antiviral medications may be used for both treatment and prophylaxis, but prevention of influenza is most reliably achieved through vaccination. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Harper, S (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Influenza Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 863 EP + AR PII S0272-2712(02)00022-7 DI 10.1016/S0272-2712(02)00022-7 PG 21 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 624AE UT WOS:000179736500004 PM 12489285 ER PT J AU Bausch, DG Ksiazek, TG AF Bausch, DG Ksiazek, TG TI Viral hemorrhagic fevers including hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Americas SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; TO-PERSON TRANSMISSION; SABIA VIRUS-INFECTION; SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; YELLOW-FEVER; RENAL SYNDROME; JUNIN VIRUS; INTRAVENOUS RIBAVIRIN; RODENT RESERVOIR; ETIOLOGIC AGENT AB The term viral hemorrhagic fever refers to an acute systemic illness with a propensity for bleeding and shock. The viral hemorrhagic fevers endemic in the Americas include yellow fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, the South American hemorrhagic fevers, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome. Because these diseases are primarily zoonotic, the distribution of any given virus is generally restricted by the distribution of its natural reservoir or arthropod vector. A high index of suspicion, detailed investigation of the travel and exposure history of the patient, and a basic understanding of the incubation periods and distributions of the various reservoirs of hemorrhagic fever viruses are imperative, as are prompt notification and laboratory confirmation. Clinical management is largely supportive, with a special emphasis on safe nursing practices to prevent nosocomial transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bausch, DG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, MS G-14,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 147 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 5 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 22 IS 4 BP 981 EP + AR PII S0272-2712(02)00019-7 DI 10.1016/S0272-2712(02)00019-7 PG 41 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 624AE UT WOS:000179736500010 PM 12489291 ER PT J AU Weller, SC Baer, RD Garcia, JGD Glazer, M Trotter, R Pachter, L Klein, RE AF Weller, SC Baer, RD Garcia, JGD Glazer, M Trotter, R Pachter, L Klein, RE TI Regional variation in Latino descriptions of susto SO CULTURE MEDICINE AND PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE cross-cultural comparison; folk illness; Latin American illness concepts; susto ID CULTURE-BOUND SYNDROMES; FLORIDA FARMWORKERS; CONSENSUS AB Susto, a folk illness not recognized by biomedical practitioners as a disease, is now formally part of the diagnostic classification system in psychiatry as a "culture-bound syndrome." Susto has been reported among diverse groups of Latin Americans, but most of those reports are several decades old and many were conducted in Indian communities. This study focuses on contemporary descriptions of susto and uses a cross- cultural, comparative design to describe susto in three diverse Latino populations. Mestizo/ ladino populations were interviewed in Guatemala, Mexico, and south Texas. An initial set of open- ended interviews was conducted with a sample of "key" informants at each site to obtain descriptive information about susto. A structured interview protocol was developed for use at all three sites, incorporating information from those initial interviews. A second set of structured interviews was then conducted with a representative sample at each site. Results indicate a good deal of consistency in reports of what susto is: what causes it, its symptoms, and how to treat it. There appear to be, however, some notable regional variations in treatments and a difference between past descriptions and contemporary reports of etiology. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. IMSS Guadalajara, Social Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Unit, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Hosp Civil Guadalajara JI, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Univ Texas Pan Amer, Edinburg, TX USA. Univ S Florida, Dept Anthropol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Anthropol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Francis Hosp & Med Ctr, Hartford, CT 06112 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MERTU G, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Weller, SC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Prevent Med, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. OI weller, susan/0000-0002-0695-736X NR 30 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 14 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-005X J9 CULT MED PSYCHIAT JI Cult. Med. Psychiatr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 26 IS 4 BP 449 EP 472 PG 24 WC Anthropology; Psychiatry; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Anthropology; Psychiatry; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 624DU UT WOS:000179745700003 PM 12572769 ER PT J AU Clark, TA Hajjeh, RA AF Clark, TA Hajjeh, RA TI Recent trends in the epidemiology of invasive mycoses SO CURRENT OPINION IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review DE mycoses; epidemiology; prevention and control ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; ITRACONAZOLE ORAL SOLUTION; CARE UNIT PATIENTS; FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; DOUBLE-BLIND; ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK-FACTORS AB Purpose of review Invasive mycoses are emerging as an important public health problem. This development has occurred in large measure due to the increasing numbers of persons at risk. In addition, advances in therapeutic technologies and in particular the development of novel immunosuppressive therapies have prolonged the period of risk for many individuals. Recent findings Although rates of candida bloodstream infections have been increasing over the past several decades, recent evidence suggests this trend may be reversing. The emergence of non-albicans Candida species, and in particular C. glabrata, has been documented. Invasive aspergillosis and other mold infections have become a significant and increasing problem in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and certain high-risk groups of solid organ transplant recipients. These infections are associated with high mortality rates. Despite marked reductions in the rates of AIDS-associated fungal infections in the USA and other developed countries, the burden of these mycoses in developing countries is large and increasing. Summary While gains have been made in the treatment and prevention of invasive mycoses, changes in the epidemiology of these infections and in healthcare practices have resulted in the emergence of new at-risk populations. A better understanding of specific risk factors will be needed if prevention strategies, such as chemoprophylaxis and environmental control measures, are to become more widely applicable and cost-effective. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 53 TC 140 Z9 157 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0951-7375 J9 CURR OPIN INFECT DIS JI Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 15 IS 6 BP 569 EP 574 DI 10.1097/01.qco.0000044774.05458.c6 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 630AR UT WOS:000180085800003 PM 12821832 ER PT J AU Coffey, JT Brandle, M Zhou, HH Marriott, D Burke, R Tabaei, BP Engelgau, MM Kaplan, RM Herman, WH AF Coffey, JT Brandle, M Zhou, HH Marriott, D Burke, R Tabaei, BP Engelgau, MM Kaplan, RM Herman, WH TI Valuing health-related quality of life in diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID WELL-BEING SCALE; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RETINOPATHY; MELLITUS; VALIDITY; INTERVENTIONS; QUESTIONNAIRE; COMPLICATIONS; BENEFITS; UTILITY AB Objective-Cost-utility analyses use information on health utilities to compare medical treatments that have different clinical outcomes and impacts on survival. The purpose of this study was to describe the health utilities associated with diabetes and its treatments, complications, and comorbidities. Research Design and Methods-We studied 2,048 subjects with type 1 and type 2 diabetes recruited from specialty clinics at a university medical center. We administered a questionnaire to each individual to assess demographic characteristics, type and duration of diabetes, treatments, complications, and comorbidities, and we used the Self-Administered Quality of Well Being index (QWB-SA) to calculate a health utility score. We then created regression models to fit the QWB-SA-derived health utility scores to indicator variables for type 1 and type 2 diabetes and each demographic variable, treatment, and complication. The coefficients were arranged in clinically meaningful ways to develop models to describe penalties from the health utility scores for nonobese diabetic men without additional treatments, complications, or comorbidities. Results-The utility scores for nonobese diet-controlled men and women with type 2 diabetes and no microvascular, neuropathic, or cardiovascular complications were 0.69 and 0.65, respectively. The utility scores for men and women with type 1 diabetes and no complications were slightly lower (0.67 and 0.64, respectively). Blindness, dialysis, symptomatic neuropathy, foot ulcers, amputation, debilitating stroke, and congestive heart failure were associated with lower utility scores. Conclusions-Major diabetes complications are associated with worse health-related quality of life. The health utility scores provided should facilitate studies of the health burden of diabetes and the cost-utility of alternative strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Biostat, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Endocrinol & Metab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Michigan Diabet Res & Training Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Community Med, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Herman, WH (reprint author), Univ Michigan Hlth Syst, Div Endocrinol & Metab, 1500 E Med Ctr Dr,3920 Taubman Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. FU NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-20572] NR 28 TC 173 Z9 176 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD DEC PY 2002 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2238 EP 2243 DI 10.2337/diacare.25.12.2238 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 724UJ UT WOS:000185504800020 PM 12453967 ER PT J AU Krause, G Blackmore, C Wiersma, S Lesneski, C Gauch, L Hopkins, RS AF Krause, G Blackmore, C Wiersma, S Lesneski, C Gauch, L Hopkins, RS TI Mass vaccination campaign following community outbreak of meningococcal disease SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; UNITED-STATES; SCHOOL; INFECTION; CARRIAGE; CLUSTER AB During December 12-29, 1998, seven patients ages 2-18 years were diagnosed with serogroup C meningococcal disease in two neighboring Florida towns with 33,000 residents. We evaluated a mass vaccination campaign implemented to control the outbreak. We maintained vaccination logs and recorded the resources used in the campaign that targeted 2- to 22-year-old residents of the two towns. A total of 13,148 persons received the vaccinations in 3 days. Vaccination coverage in the target population was estimated to be 86% to 99%. Five additional cases of serogroup C meningococcal disease occurred in the community during the year after the campaign began, four in patients who had not received the vaccine. The cost of control efforts was approximately $370,000. Although cases continued to occur, the vaccination campaign appeared to control the outbreak. Rapid implementation, a targeted approach, and high coverage were important to the campaign's success. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Putnam Cty Hlth Dept, Palatka, FL USA. RP Krause, G (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, Zentrum Infekt Epidemiol, Seestr 10, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. OI Krause, Gerard/0000-0003-3328-8808 NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1398 EP 1403 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 625UQ UT WOS:000179834300006 PM 12498654 ER PT J AU Shoemaker, T Boulianne, C Vincent, MJ Pezzanite, L Al-Qahtani, MM Al-Mazrou, Y Khan, AS Rollin, PE Swanepoel, R Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST AF Shoemaker, T Boulianne, C Vincent, MJ Pezzanite, L Al-Qahtani, MM Al-Mazrou, Y Khan, AS Rollin, PE Swanepoel, R Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST TI Genetic analysis of viruses associated with emergence of Rift Valley fever in Saudi Arabia and Yemen, 2000-01 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SEQUENCE; ANTIGEN; CONGO; TICK AB The first confirmed Rift Valley fever outbreak outside Africa was reported in September 2000, in the Arabian Peninsula. As of February 2001, a total of 884 hospitalized patients were identified in Saudi Arabia, with 124 deaths. In Yemen, 1,087 cases were estimated to have occurred, with 121 deaths. Laboratory diagnosis of Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) infections included virus genetic detection and characterization of clinical specimens by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, in addition to serologic tests and virus isolation. Genetic analysis of selected regions of virus S, M, and L RNA genome segments indicated little genetic variation among the viruses associated with disease. The Saudi Arabia and Yemen viruses were almost identical to those associated with earlier RVF epidemics in East Africa. Analysis of S, M, and L RNA genome segment sequence differences showed similar phylogenetic relationships among these viruses, indicating that genetic reassortment did not play an important role in the emergence of this virus in the Arabian Peninsula. These results are consistent with the recent introduction of RVFV into the Arabian Peninsula from East Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Natl Inst Virol, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 139 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 11 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1415 EP 1420 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 625UQ UT WOS:000179834300009 PM 12498657 ER PT J AU Platt, R Kleinman, K Thompson, K Dokholyan, RS Livingston, JM Bergman, A Mason, JH Horan, TC Gaynes, RP Solomon, SL Sands, KE AF Platt, R Kleinman, K Thompson, K Dokholyan, RS Livingston, JM Bergman, A Mason, JH Horan, TC Gaynes, RP Solomon, SL Sands, KE TI Using automated health plan data to assess infection risk from coronary artery bypass surgery SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SURGICAL WOUND INFECTIONS; CHRONIC DISEASE SCORE; NOSOCOMIAL-INFECTIONS; SITE INFECTIONS; SURVEILLANCE-SYSTEM; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; RATES AB We determined if infection indicators were sufficiently consistent across health plans to allow comparison of hospitals' risks of infection after coronary artery bypass surgery. Three managed care organizations accounted for 90% of managed care in eastern Massachusetts, from October 1996 through March 1999. We searched their automated inpatient and outpatient claims and outpatient pharmacy dispensing files for indicator codes suggestive of postoperative surgical site infection. We reviewed full text medical records of patients with indicator codes to confirm infection status. We compared the hospital-specific proportions of cases with an indicator code, adjusting for health plan, age, sex, and chronic disease score. A total of 536 (27%) of 1,953 patients had infection indicators. Infection was confirmed in 79 (53%) of 149 reviewed records with adequate documentation. The proportion of patients with an indicator of infection varied significantly (p<0.001) between hospitals (19% to 36%) and health plans (22% to 33%). The difference between hospitals persisted after adjustment for health plan and patients' age and sex. Similar relationships were observed when postoperative antibiotic information was ignored. Automated claims and pharmacy data from different health plans can be used together to allow inexpensive, routine monitoring of indicators of postoperative infection, with the goal of identifying institutions that can be further evaluated to determine if risks for infection can be reduced. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Eastern Massachusetts Prevent Epictr, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Pilgrim Hlth Care, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Boston, MA USA. Tufts Hlth Plan, Boston, MA USA. Blue Cross & Blue Shield Massachusetts, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Platt, R (reprint author), 133 Brookline Ave,6th Floor, Boston, MA 02215 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UR8/CCU115079]; PHS HHS [200-95-0957] NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1433 EP 1441 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 625UQ UT WOS:000179834300012 PM 12498660 ER PT J AU Rehmet, S Ammon, A Pfaff, G Bocter, N Petersen, LR AF Rehmet, S Ammon, A Pfaff, G Bocter, N Petersen, LR TI Cross-sectional study on influenza vaccination, Germany, 1999-2000 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BEHAVIOR; IMMUNIZATION; ACCEPTANCE; COVERAGE; PREDICTORS; PROGRAM; ADULTS; MODEL; OLDER AB To assess influenza vaccination coverage in Germany, we conducted a nationwide telephone survey in November 1999 in adults (greater than or equal to18 yrs) using random-digit dialing. Overall, 23% of 1,190 survey participants reported having been vaccinated (adjusted 18%) with 16% (adjusted 15%) in former West Germany versus 35% (adjusted 32%) in former East Germany. Immunization rates for vaccination target groups were lower in West Germany (21%) than in East Germany (40%). Seven percent of health-care workers were immunized. Previous influenza vaccination, positive attitudes towards immunization, and having a family physician increased the rate of vaccination; fear of adverse effects lowered the rate. Family physicians performed 93% of the vaccinations, which suggests their key role in improving low vaccination coverage in Germany. The fact that >71% (850/1,190) of participants belonged to at least one of the vaccination target groups recommended by the German Standing Commission on Immunization emphasizes the need to focus the definition of target groups. C1 GTZ, Div Hlth Educ & Social Protect, D-65726 Eschborn, Germany. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Landesgesundheitsamt Baden Wurttemberg, Stuttgart, Germany. Akad Offentliches Gesundheitwesen, Dusseldorf, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Rehmet, S (reprint author), GTZ, Div Hlth Educ & Social Protect, Dag Hammarskjold Weg 1-5,Postfach 5180, D-65726 Eschborn, Germany. NR 33 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1442 EP 1447 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 625UQ UT WOS:000179834300013 PM 12498661 ER PT J AU Phraisuwan, P Whitney, EAS Tharmaphornpilas, P Guharat, S Thongkamsamut, S Aresagig, S Liangphongphanthu, J Junthima, K Sokampang, A Ashford, DA AF Phraisuwan, P Whitney, EAS Tharmaphornpilas, P Guharat, S Thongkamsamut, S Aresagig, S Liangphongphanthu, J Junthima, K Sokampang, A Ashford, DA TI Leptospirosis: Skin wounds and control strategies, Thailand,1999 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; INFECTION; IGM AB After an outbreak of leptospirosis in workers who participated in cleaning a pond during September 1999 in Thailand, a serologic survey was conducted. Among a cohort of 104 persons from one village who participated in pond cleaning activity, 43 (41.3%) were seropositive for immunoglobulin M antibodies against Leptospira, indicating recent infection. Only 17 (39.5%) of 43 seropositive persons reported a recent febrile illness; the remaining seropositive persons were considered asymptomatic, suggesting that asymptomatic leptospirosis infection may be common where leptospirosis is endemic. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that wearing long pants or skirts was independently protective against leptospirosis infection (ORadjusted = 0.217), while the presence of more than two wounds on the body was independently associated with infection (ORadjusted = 3.97). Educational efforts should be enhanced in areas where leptospirosis is endemic to encourage the use of protective clothing. In addition, wound management and avoidance of potentially contaminated water when skin wounds are present should be included in health education programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Buriram Prov Hlth Office, Buriram, Thailand. Khumuang Hosp, Buriram, Thailand. NE Reg Epidemiol Ctr, Nakornratchasima, Thailand. RP Ashford, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 36 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1455 EP 1459 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 625UQ UT WOS:000179834300015 PM 12498663 ER PT J AU Miller, BR Godsey, MS Crabtree, MB Savage, HM Al-Mazrao, Y Al-Jeffri, MH Abdoon, AMM Al-Seghayer, SM Al-Shahrani, AM Ksiazek, TG AF Miller, BR Godsey, MS Crabtree, MB Savage, HM Al-Mazrao, Y Al-Jeffri, MH Abdoon, AMM Al-Seghayer, SM Al-Shahrani, AM Ksiazek, TG TI Isolation and genetic characterization of Rift Valley Fever virus from Aedes vexans arabiensis, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB An outbreak of Rift Valley fever in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Yemen in 2000 was the first recognized occurrence of the illness outside of Africa and Madagascar. An assessment of potential mosquito vectors in the region yielded an isolate from Aedes vexans arabiensis, most closely related to strains from Madagascar (1991) and Kenya (1997). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. RP Miller, BR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Virus & Vector Mol Biol Sect, Arbovirus Dis Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 6 TC 47 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1492 EP 1494 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 625UQ UT WOS:000179834300021 PM 12498669 ER PT J AU Mumtaz, MM Tully, DB El-Masri, HA De Rosa, CT AF Mumtaz, MM Tully, DB El-Masri, HA De Rosa, CT TI Gene induction studies and toxicity of chemical mixtures SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE aldrin; arsenic; cadmium; chemical mixtures; chromium; 4,4 '-DDD; 4,4 '-DDE; 4,4 '-DDT; dieldrin; endrin; endocrine disruptors; estrogen; lead ID DNA-DAMAGING AGENTS; CONTROLLING INDUCIBLE EXPRESSION; PLANAR AROMATIC-COMPOUNDS; NF-KAPPA-B; ESTROGENIC ACTIVITY; BINDING ACTIVITY; GROWTH ARREST; LIVER-CELLS; IN-VIVO; CADMIUM AB As part of its mixtures program, the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) supports in vitro and limited in vivo toxicity testing to further our understanding of the toxicity and health effects of chemical mixtures. There are increasing concerns that environmental chemicals adversely affect the health of humans and wildlife. These concerns have been augmented by the realization that exposure to chemicals often occurs to mixtures of these chemicals that may exhibit complex synergistic or antagonistic interactions. To address such concerns, we have conducted two studies with techniques that are being used increasingly in experimental toxicology. In the first study, six organochlorine pesticides (4,4'-DDT, 4,4'-DDD, 4,4'-DDE, aldrin, dieldrin, or endrin) were selected from the ATSDR Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (or Superfund) priority list and tested for their ability to modulate transcriptional activation of an estrogen-responsive reporter gene in transfected HeLa cells. In these assays, HeLa cells cotransfected with an expression vector encoding estrogen receptor and an estrogen-responsive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter plasmid were dosed with and without selected environmental chemicals either individually or in defined combinations. Estradiol consistently elicited 10- to 23-fold dose-dependent inductions in this assay. By contrast, all six of the organochlorine pesticides showed no detectable dose-related response when tested either individually or in binary combinations. Thus, these chemicals as binary mixtures do not exhibit any additional estrogenicity at the levels tested in these assays. In the second study, arsenic [As(V)], cadmium [Cd(II)], chromium [Cr(III, VI)], and lead [Pb(II)] were tested in a commercially developed assay system, CAT-Tox (L), to identify metal-responsive promoters and to determine whether the pattern of gene expression changed with a mixture of these metals. This assay employs a battery of recombinant HepG2 cell lines to test the transcriptional activation capacity of xenobiotics in any of 13 different signal-transduction pathways. Singly, As(V), Cd(II), Cr(III, VI), and Pb(II) produced complex induction profiles in these assays. However, no evidence of synergistic activity was detected with a mixture of Cd(II), Cr(III), and Pb(II). These results have shown metal activation of gene expression through several previously unreported signal-transduction pathways and thus suggest new directions for future studies into their biochemical mechanisms of toxicity. In conclusion, the in vitro methods used in these studies provide insights into complex interactions that occur in cellular systems and could be used to identify biomarkers of exposure to other environmental chemical mixtures. http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/2002/suppl-6/9411-956mumtaz/abstract.html. C1 US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Environm Protect Agcy, Off Res & Dev, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Mumtaz, MM (reprint author), US Dept HHS, ATSDR, Div Toxicol, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 68 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 12 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 947 EP 956 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100010 PM 12634124 ER PT J AU Rubin, C Esteban, E Hill, RH Pearce, K AF Rubin, C Esteban, E Hill, RH Pearce, K TI Introduction - The methyl parathion story: A chronicle of misuse and preventable human exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE methyl parathion; pesticide; p-nitrophenol; organophosphate ID PESTICIDE AB In the fall of 1994, Lorain County, Ohio, became the site of the first investigation of several large-scale incidences in which the organophosphate pesticide methyl parathion was illegally applied to private residences. The extent of potential human exposure to this pesticide led the Ohio Department of Health to formally request technical assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This article describes the initial investigation of 64 homes in Ohio and introduces the method of using both biological markers of exposure (P-nitrophenol levels in human urine samples) and environmental markers of contamination in dust and air samples when making public health decisions about the cleanup of homes sprayed with methyl parathion. The results of the CDC rapid investigation led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to declare the contaminated homes in Lorain County a Superfund cleanup site. Seven years after the Lorain incident, and after subsequent Superfund actions had been implemented in Illinois and Mississippi, researchers participated in an expanded session devoted to methyl parathion at the 11(th) Annual Meeting of the International Society of Exposure Analysis held in Charleston, South Carolina, in the fall of 2001. The articles included in this monograph are based on presentations at that meeting. They report previously unpublished data that tell the methyl parathion story from different perspectives, each providing in-depth information about separate aspects of this multistate, multiagency, and multimillion dollar chemical exposure. This monograph is the methyl parathion story. Key words: methyl parathion, pesticide, p-nitrophenol, organophosphate. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lorain Cty Hlth Dept, Lorain, OH USA. RP Rubin, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1037 EP 1040 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100022 PM 12634136 ER PT J AU Hryhorczuk, DO Moomey, M Burton, A Runkle, K Chen, E Saxer, T Slightom, J Dimos, J McCann, K Barr, D AF Hryhorczuk, DO Moomey, M Burton, A Runkle, K Chen, E Saxer, T Slightom, J Dimos, J McCann, K Barr, D TI Urinary p-nitrophenol as a biomarker of household exposure to methyl parathion SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE biomarker; environmental; methyl parathion; p-nitrophenol AB hundreds of homes throng hour the United States by unlicensed pesticide applicators. Public health authorities developed a protocol for investigating contaminated homes and classifying their need for public health interventions. This protocol included environmental screening for MP contamination and 1-day biomonitoring (A.m. and P.m. spot urine samples) of household members for p-nitrophenol (PNP), a metabolite of MP. The variability of urinary PNP excretion under these exposure conditions was unknown. We collected A.m. and P.m. spot urine samples for 7 consecutive days from 75 individuals, who were members of 20 MP-contaminated households in the greater Chicago, Illinois, area, and analyzed them for PNP. We also assessed the ability of the 1-day sampling protocol to correctly classify exposed individuals and households according to their need for public health interventions, assuming that 1 week of sampling (14 urinary PNPs) represented their true exposure condition. The coefficient of variation of log urinary PNPs for individuals over the course of 7 days of A.M. and P.m. sampling averaged about 15%. Adjusting for urinary excretion of creatinine improved reproducibility of urinary PNPs among children but not among adults. The 1-day protocol correctly classified true risk category in 92% of individuals and 85% of households. The data contained in this study can be used to refine what is already a reasonable and effective approach to identifying MP-exposed households and determining the appropriate public health intervention. C1 Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Great Lakes Ctr Occupat & Environm Safety & Hlth, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Epidemiol & Biometry Program, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Environm Toxicol Program, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hryhorczuk, DO (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Great Lakes Ctr Occupat & Environm Safety & Hlth, 2121 W Taylor,Room 215, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1041 EP 1046 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100023 PM 12634137 ER PT J AU Rubin, C Esteban, E Kieszak, S Hill, RH Dunlop, B Yacovac, R Trottier, J Boylan, K Tomasewski, T Pearce, K AF Rubin, C Esteban, E Kieszak, S Hill, RH Dunlop, B Yacovac, R Trottier, J Boylan, K Tomasewski, T Pearce, K TI Assessment of human exposure and human health effects after indoor application of methyl parathion in Lorain County, Ohio, 1995-1996 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE methyl parathion; organophosphate pesticide; p-nitrophenol ID URINE AB In January 1995 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency declared methyl parathion-contaminated homes in Lorain County, Ohio, as a Superfund cleanup site. During the 2-year cleanup, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in collaboration with county and city health officials conducted a study of exposure and health effects among residents. We administered 254 household and 747 individual questionnaires; urine analysis for p-nitrophenol (PNP, a metabolite of methyl parathion) was available for 626 participants. We also reviewed medical records of 49 people who were hospitalized or died after their homes were sprayed. People living in homes sprayed < 180 days previously were most likely to have the highest PNP levels (22.9% > 100 ppb PNP), but even people living in homes sprayed more than a year previously appeared to be highly exposed (8.5% > 100 ppb PNP). The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey reference range is 0-63 ppb. Median detectable PNP levels among children younger than 3 years of age were 93.9 ppb compared with 41.6 ppb among people older than 3 years. Younger children appeared to be at greatest risk of exposure. In none of the medical records that we reviewed did a health care provider consider pesticide poisoning as a potential etiology. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lorain Cty Dept Hlth, Elyria, OH USA. Lorain City Hlth Dept, Lorain, OH USA. Elyria City Hlth Dept, Elyria, OH USA. RP Rubin, C (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [K23 MH086690] NR 19 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1047 EP 1051 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100024 PM 12634138 ER PT J AU Wasley, A Lepine, LA Jenkins, R Rubin, C AF Wasley, A Lepine, LA Jenkins, R Rubin, C TI An investigation of unexplained infant deaths in houses contaminated with methyl parathion SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE infants; methyl parathion; organophosphate; pesticides; SIDS; sudden infant death syndrome ID PESTICIDE; NEUROTOXICITY; CHLORPYRIFOS; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; YOUNG AB In Lorain County, Ohio, unexplained infant deaths in homes sprayed with methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphate (OP) pesticide, prompted an investigation to determine whether infants living in treated homes are at higher risk for unexplained death. A case was defined as any death of an infant (less than or equal to 12 months of age) in Lorain County between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1994, attributed to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) or other unknown natural causes. For each case infant, birth certificate data were used to identify two control infants matched with regard to date of birth, sex, city of residence, and maternal race and educational level. Wipe samples from the home address listed on the birth certificate of control infants or the death certificate of case infants were analyzed for MP. Birth certificates provided additional risk factor information. The relationship between MP contamination and unexplained death was analyzed by exact conditional logistic regression. Wipe samples were collected from the residences of 34 case infants and 72 control infants. MP (>0.02 Mg/100 cm(2)) was detected in five homes, three of which had been occupied by case infants. Case infants were 4.6 times more likely than control infants to have lived in MP-treated homes, but the confidence interval (CI) was wide (95% CI: 0.2, 274.7) and included 1. Maternal smoking, young maternal age, and the presence of other siblings in the family were each independently predictive of case status. In a multivariate model adjusting for these other variables and the matching variables, the estimated risk associated with MP exposure was 13.0 (95% CI: 0.2, 2685.0). Although this association was not statistically significant and should be interpreted cautiously, it suggests an increased risk for unexplained death among infants living in MP-contaminated homes. The relationship between children's health and exposure to OP pesticides including MP should be evaluated further. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wasley, A (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G37,CDC,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1053 EP 1056 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100025 PM 12634139 ER PT J AU Hill, RH Head, S Barr, DB Rubin, C Esteban, E Baker, SE Bailey, S Needham, LL AF Hill, RH Head, S Barr, DB Rubin, C Esteban, E Baker, SE Bailey, S Needham, LL TI Public health decisions: The laboratory's role in the Lorain County, Ohio, investigation SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE biological monitoring; exposure; laboratory; methyl parathion; pesticide; p-nitrophenol; public health; reference range concentrations; urinary analyses ID REFERENCE RANGE CONCENTRATIONS; PARATHION; URINE AB In 1994 officials from the Ohio Department of Health reported that some residents of Lorain County, Ohio, possibly had been exposed to methyl parathion (MP), a highly toxic restricted-use pesticide. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) assisted in the investigation by providing epidermologic and laboratory support to the state and local health departments. Although the initial investigation found MP inside the homes, it was unclear if the residents were exposed. CDC used a new biological monitoring method to measure urinary p-nitrophenol (PNP), the metabolite of MP. This biological monitoring measures the internal dose from exposure to toxic chemicals from all routes. Laboratory analyses demonstrated that the urine of residents contained moderate to high levels of PNP, with median, mean, and highest reported concentrations of 28, 240, and 4,800 mug/L, respectively, thus confirming exposure of the residents. Almost 80% of the residents had urinary PNP concentrations above the 95(th) percentile of the reference range concentrations. This information, combined with other analytical results of air and wipe tests, guided public health officials' decisions about the potential risk in each household. In this article we illustrate the laboratory's role in providing information to assist in making these public health decisions. Furthermore, it illustrates how a multidisciplinary team from various governmental agencies worked together to protect the public's health. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hill, RH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, 1600 Clifton Rd F05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1057 EP 1059 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100026 PM 12634140 ER PT J AU Clark, JM Bing-Canar, J Renninger, S Dollhopf, R El-Zein, J Star, D Zimmerman, D Anisuzzaman, A Boylan, K Tomaszewski, T Pearce, K Yacovac, R Erlwein, B Ward, J AF Clark, JM Bing-Canar, J Renninger, S Dollhopf, R El-Zein, J Star, D Zimmerman, D Anisuzzaman, A Boylan, K Tomaszewski, T Pearce, K Yacovac, R Erlwein, B Ward, J TI Methyl parathion in residential properties: Relocation and decontamination methodology SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE decontamination; methyl parathion; risk assessment ID PESTICIDE APPLICATORS; ORGANOPHOSPHATES; CHLORPYRIFOS; INTOXICATION; INGESTION; SEQUELAE; EXPOSURE AB In November 1994 methyl parathion (MP), a restricted agricultural pesticide, was discovered to have been illegally sprayed within hundreds of residences in Lorain County, Ohio. Surface levels and air concentrations of MP revealed detectable levels of the pesticide 3 years after spraying. Because of the high toxicity of MP (lethal dose to 50% of rats tested [LD50] = 15 mg/kg) and long half-life indoors, risk-based relocation and decontamination criteria were created. Relocation criteria were derived based on levels of p-nitrophenol in urine, a metabolic byproduct of MP exposure. In Ohio, concentrations of MP on surfaces and in the air were also used to trigger relocations. The criteria applied in Ohio underwent refinement as cases of MP misuse were found in Mississippi and then in several other states. The MP investigation (1994-1997) was the largest pesticide misuse case in the nation, ultimately involving the sampling of 9,000 residences and the decontamination of 1,000 properties. This article describes the methodology used for relocation of residents and decontamination of properties having MP. C1 US EPA, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. Ohio Dept Agr, Reynoldsburg, OH USA. Elyria Dept Hlth, Elyria, OH USA. Lorain Dept Hlth, Lorain, OH USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Clark, JM (reprint author), US EPA, SR-6J,77 W Jackson, Chicago, IL 60604 USA. NR 55 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 3 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1061 EP 1070 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100027 PM 12634141 ER PT J AU Imtiaz, R Haugh, G AF Imtiaz, R Haugh, G TI Analysis of environmental and biologic methyl parathion data to improve future data collection SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE biologic and environmental data; correlation analysis; methyl parathion ID PROBABILITY-BASED SAMPLE AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry analyzed concurrently collected data on environmental methyl parathion (MP) and urinary p-nitrophenol (PNP) at the request of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The purpose of the analysis was to assess whether individuals' age or level of residential MP contamination might predict their urinary PNP level. Unlicensed pesticide applicators had sprayed residences in Mississippi with MP, which is approved as a pesticide only for outdoor agricultural use. Data were received from Mississippi for MP wipe sample levels for 409 homes and urinary PNP levels for 929 residents of the residences sampled. In addition to descriptive and bivariate analyses, ordinal logistic regression was performed after categorizing the data. Interpretation of results was limited by several identified data gaps and pre-existing data-quality issues. On the basis of the lessons learned from identified data gaps, specific recommendations were made to the U.S. EPA for improving future data collection methods for more meaningful exposure assessment in similar environmental contaminations. The recommended changes were successfully incorporated in subsequent data collected by other states that had experienced similar residential MP spraying. C1 CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Int Hlth, Program Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Imtiaz, R (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Int Hlth, Program Dev Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-72, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1071 EP 1074 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100028 PM 12634142 ER PT J AU McCann, KG Moomey, CM Runkle, KD Hryhorczuk, DO Clark, JM Barr, DB AF McCann, KG Moomey, CM Runkle, KD Hryhorczuk, DO Clark, JM Barr, DB TI Chicago area methyl parathion response SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE creatinine; methyl parathion; p-nitrophenol; urine sampling; wipe samples AB The Illinois Department of Public Health participated in the Chicago, Illinois, area methyl parathion (MP) response with several other federal, state, and local government agencies beginning in April 1997. This response was initiated on evidence that hundreds of homes in the Chicago area were illegally treated for cockroaches with NIP over a period of several years. Through applicator receipt books and information reported by property owners and tenants, 968 homes were identified as having been treated with MP. Upon implementation of a response plan developed by the Methyl Parathion Health Sciences Steering Committee, environmental sampling and urine monitoring were provided for eligible households. Environmental sampling was conducted in 903 homes, with MP detected above levels of concern in 596 residences. Residents of these homes were offered urine sampling to determine the extent of exposure to MP. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for p-nitrophenol in 1,913 individuals. Implementation of the protocol resulted in 550 residents being relocated during the remediation of 100 households. C1 Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Environm Toxicol Sect, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. Univ Illinois, Chicago Sch Publ Hlth, Great Lakes Ctr Occupat & Environm Safety & Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. US Environm Prot Agcy Superfund Div, Chicago, IL USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCann, KG (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Environm Toxicol Sect, 525 W Jefferson St, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. RI Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 3 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1075 EP 1078 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100029 PM 12634143 ER PT J AU Zeitz, P Kakolewski, K Imtiaz, R Kaye, W AF Zeitz, P Kakolewski, K Imtiaz, R Kaye, W TI Methods of assessing neurobehavioral development in children exposed to methyl parathion in Mississippi and Ohio SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE children's health; exposure assessment; methyl parathion; neurobehavioral development; organophosphate pesticide ID HEALTH AB Methyl parathion (MP), an organophosphate pesticide, was sprayed illegally for pest control in U.S. residences and businesses in Mississippi and Ohio. To evaluate the association between MP exposure and neurobehavioral development, children 6 years of age or younger at the time of the spraying and local comparison groups of unexposed children were assessed using the pediatric environmental neurobehavioral test battery (PENTB). The PENTB is composed of informantbased procedures (parent interview and questionnaires) and performance-based procedures (neurobehavioral tests for children 4 years of age or older) that evaluate each of the four broad domains (cognitive, motor, sensory, and affect) essential to neurobehavioral assessment. Children were classified as exposed or unexposed using urinary p-nitrophenol (PNP) levels and environmental wipe samples for MP. Exposure was defined as a urinary PNP level of greater than or equal to100 ppb for the child or any other individual living in the household. Environmental wipe sample levels of greater than or equal to150 mug Mp/100 cm(2) and 132.9 mug Mp/100 cm(2) were used to define MP exposure for children living in Mississippi and Ohio, respectively. The PENTB was first administered in summer 1999 (year 1). The PENTB was readministered in summer 2000 (year 2) to children who participated in year 1 of the study. A description of the methods used in the study are presented. Results of data analyses for both years of the study will be presented in a separate publication. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zeitz, P (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1079 EP 1083 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100030 PM 12634144 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Turner, WE DiPietro, E McClure, PC Baker, SE Barr, JR Gehle, K Grissom, RE Bravo, R Driske, WJ Patterson, DG Hill, RH Needham, LL Pirkle, JL Sampson, EJ AF Barr, DB Turner, WE DiPietro, E McClure, PC Baker, SE Barr, JR Gehle, K Grissom, RE Bravo, R Driske, WJ Patterson, DG Hill, RH Needham, LL Pirkle, JL Sampson, EJ TI Measurement of p-nitrophenol in the urine of residents whose homes were contaminated with methyl parathion SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Application of Technology to Chemical Mixture Research CY JAN, 2001 CL COLORADO STATE UNIV, FT COLLINS, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Environm Hlth Sci, Superfund Basic Res Program HO COLORADO STATE UNIV DE mass spectrometery; methyl parathion; p-nitrophenol; urine ID METHYL PARATHION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; EXCRETION; EXPOSURE; METABOLITES; ABSORPTION; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; RATS; HPLC AB During the last several years, illegal commercial application of methyl parathion (MP) in domestic settings in several U.S. Southeastern and Midwestern States has affected largely innercity residents. As part of a multiagency response involving the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA), the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), and state and local health departments, our laboratory developed a rapid, high-throughput, selective method for quantifying p-nitrophenol (PNP), a biomarker of NIP exposure, using isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. We measured PNP in approximately 16,000 samples collected from residents of seven different states. Using this method we were able to receive sample batches from each state; prepare, analyze, and quantify the samples for PNP; verify the results; and report the data to the health departments and ATSDR in about 48 hr. These data indicate that many residents had urinary PNP concentrations well in excess of those of the general U.S. population. In fact, their urinary PNP concentrations were more consistent with those seen in occupational settings or in poisoning cases. Although these data, when coupled with other MP metabolite data, suggest that many residents with the highest concentrations of urinary PNP had significant exposure to MP, they do not unequivocally rule out exposure to PNP resulting from environmental degradation of MP. Even with their limitations, these data were used with the assumption that all PNP was derived from MP exposure, which enabled the U.S. EPA and ATSDR to develop a comprehensive, biologically driven response that was protective of human health, especially susceptible populations, and included clinical evaluations, outreach activities, community education, integrated pest management, and decontamination of homes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 SU 6 BP 1085 EP 1091 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 644RA UT WOS:000180932100031 PM 12634145 ER PT J AU Baccarelli, A Mocarelli, P Patterson, DG Bonzini, M Pesatori, AC Caporaso, N Landi, MT AF Baccarelli, A Mocarelli, P Patterson, DG Bonzini, M Pesatori, AC Caporaso, N Landi, MT TI Immunologic effects of dioxin: New results from Seveso and comparison with other studies SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Review ID HUMAN IMMUNE-SYSTEM; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; TCDD; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; EXPOSURE; WORKERS AB Animal studies indicate that the immune system is one of the most sensitive targets of the toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin (TCDD). TCDD inhibits immunoglobulin secretion and decreases resistance to bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections in exposed animals. Nearly 20 years after the Seveso, Italy, accident, we measured immunoglobulin and complement plasma levels in a random sample of the population in the most highly exposed zones (n = 62) and in the surrounding noncontaminated area (n = 58). Plasma IgG levels decreased with increasing TCDD plasma concentration (r = -0.35, p = 0.0002). Median IgG concentration decreased from 1,526 mg/dL in the group with the lowest (< 3.5 ppt) TCDD levels to 1,163 mg/dL in the group with the highest (20.1-89.9 ppt) TCDD levels (p = 0.002). The association was significant (P = 0.0004) after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, and consumption of domestic livestock and poultry in multiple regression analysis and persisted after exclusion of subjects with inflammatory diseases and those using antibiotics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. IgM, IgA, C3, and C4 plasma concentrations did not exhibit any consistent association with TCDD levels. We performed a systematic review of all the articles published between 1966 and 2001 on human subjects exposed to TCDD reporting information on circulating levels of immunoglobulins and/or complement components. The literature indicates that the evidence for effects of TCDD on humoral immunity is sparse. Methodologic issues, results, and possible sources of variation between studies are discussed. The possible long-term immunologic effects of TCDD exhibited by the participants of the present study, coupled with the increased incidence of lymphatic tumors in the area of the accident, warrant further investigation. C1 NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Milan, Dept Occupat Hlth, Milan, Italy. Univ Milan Bicocca, Dept Lab Med, Desio, Italy. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Landi, MT (reprint author), NCI, Genet Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 7114, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Bonzini, Matteo/K-7540-2016; OI Bonzini, Matteo/0000-0002-6405-7554; pesatori, angela/0000-0002-0261-3252 NR 38 TC 69 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 8 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 IS 12 BP 1169 EP 1173 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 625HG UT WOS:000179810600018 PM 12460794 ER PT J AU Passaro, DJ Smith, DS Hett, EC Reingold, AL Daily, P Van Beneden, CA Vugia, DJ AF Passaro, DJ Smith, DS Hett, EC Reingold, AL Daily, P Van Beneden, CA Vugia, DJ TI Invasive group a streptococcal infections in the San Francisco Bay area, 1989-99 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID SHOCK-LIKE SYNDROME; BACTEREMIA; PYOGENES; EXPERIENCE; CHILDREN; FEVER AB To describe the epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections in the San Francisco Bay Area, population-based active surveillance for laboratory-confirmed iGAS was conducted by the California Emerging Infections Program in three California counties. From January 1989 to December 1999, 1415 cases of iGAS were identified. Mean iGAS incidence was 4.06/100000 person-years and case fatality ratio was 13%, with no linear trends over time. Incidence was lowest in adolescents, was higher in men than women (4.4 vs. 3.2/100000 person-years), and was higher in African-Americans (6.7) than in non-Hispanic (4.1) or Hispanic (3.4) Whites, Asians (2.2) or Native Americans (1.7/100000 person-years). Injecting drug use was the riskiest underlying condition and was associated with the highest attributable risk. Cases were associated with several underlying conditions, but 23% occurred in previously healthy persons. From 1989-1999, iGAS infections in the San Francisco Bay Area became neither more common nor more deadly. C1 Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA 94617 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Div Publ Hlth Biol & Epidemiol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Dis Invest & Surveillance Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Passaro, DJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Sch Publ Hlth, 1603 W Taylor St,Room 958, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 129 IS 3 BP 471 EP 478 DI 10.1017/S0950268802007823 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 643JX UT WOS:000180859100006 PM 12558329 ER PT J AU Kwan-Gett, TS Davis, RL Shay, DK Black, S Shinefield, H Koepsell, TK AF Kwan-Gett, TS Davis, RL Shay, DK Black, S Shinefield, H Koepsell, TK TI Is household antibiotic use a risk factor for antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal infection? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID DAY-CARE-CENTER; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; CHILDREN; FAMILIES; PREVALENCE; SPREAD; LIFE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; COLONIZATION AB We used microbiology and pharmacy data from health-maintenance organizations to determine whether antibiotic use by a household member increases the risk of penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococcal disease. Though it has been well established that an individual's antibiotic use increases one's risk of antibiotic-resistant infection, it is unclear whether the risk is increased if a member of one's household is exposed to antibiotics. We therefore conducted a case-control study of patients enrolled in health maintenance organizations in Western Washington and Northern California. Cases were defined as individuals with penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococcal infection; controls were individuals with penicillin-susceptible pneumococcal infection. Socioeconomic variables were obtained by linking addresses with 1997 census block group data. One-hundred and thirty-four cases were compared with 798 controls. Individual antibiotic use prior to diagnosis increased the odds of penicillin non-susceptibility, with the strongest effect seen for beta-lactam use within 2 months (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.2, 2.8). When household antibiotic use by persons other than the patient were considered, at 4 months prior to diagnosis there was a trend towards an association between penicillin non-susceptibility and beta-lactam antibiotic use, and a possible association in a small subgroup of patients with eye and ear isolates. However, no significant overall pattern of association was seen. We conclude that though antibiotic use of any kind within 2 months prior to diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococcal disease, there is no significant overall pattern of association between household antibiotic use and penicillin-non-susceptible pneumococcal infection. C1 Virginia Mason Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Div Gen Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanete Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Kwan-Gett, TS (reprint author), Virginia Mason Sand Point Pediat, 4575 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. OI Shay, David/0000-0001-9619-4820 NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 129 IS 3 BP 499 EP 505 DI 10.1017/S0950268802007616 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 643JX UT WOS:000180859100009 PM 12558332 ER PT J AU Bown, KJ Ellis, BA Birtles, RJ Durden, LA Lello, J Begon, M Bennett, M AF Bown, KJ Ellis, BA Birtles, RJ Durden, LA Lello, J Begon, M Bennett, M TI New World origins for haemoparasites infecting United Kingdom grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), as revealed by phylogenetic analysis of bartonella infecting squirrel populations in England and the United States SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID HOST-SPECIFICITY; BODY LICE; SP. NOV.; BLOOD; WILD; MAMMALS; RODENTS; SPP.; MICE; RATS AB Phylogenetic analyses of bartonella have suggested divergence between bartonellae that infect mammals native to the Old and New Worlds. We characterized bartonella isolated from Eastern grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) in the United States and from grey and red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in the United Kingdom by nucleotide sequence comparison (gltA and groEL). Isolates from grey squirrels in the United States and the United Kingdom were identical, and most similar to Bartonella vinsonii, a species associated with New World rodents. A single and novel bartonella genotype was obtained from all 12 red squirrel isolates. Although grey squirrels were first introduced into the United Kingdom over 125 years ago, they continue to be infected solely by the bartonella associated with grey squirrels native to the United States. These results illustrate that exotic species may be accompanied by the introduction and maintenance, over many generations, of their microparasites. C1 Univ Liverpool, Ctr Comparat Infect Dis, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Bristol, Dept Pathol & Microbiol, Bristol BS8 1TD, Avon, England. Georgia So Univ, Inst Arthropodol & Parasitol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Univ Stirling, Dept Biol Sci, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland. RP Bown, KJ (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, CCID Leahurst, Chester High Rd, Neston CH64 7TE, Cheshire, England. RI Lello, Joanne/A-5261-2010 OI Lello, Joanne/0000-0002-2640-1027 NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 129 IS 3 BP 647 EP 653 DI 10.1017/S0950268802007768 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 643JX UT WOS:000180859100027 PM 12558350 ER PT J AU Levin, TR Conell, C Shapiro, JA Chazan, SG Nadel, MR Selby, JV AF Levin, TR Conell, C Shapiro, JA Chazan, SG Nadel, MR Selby, JV TI Complications of screening flexible sigmoidoscopy SO GASTROENTEROLOGY LA English DT Article ID COLORECTAL-CANCER; PATIENT PREFERENCES; ASYMPTOMATIC ADULTS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; POPULATION; COLONOSCOPY; NEOPLASIA; ENDOSCOPY; MORTALITY; COLON AB Background & Aims: Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) is recommended for mass screening for colorectal cancer (CRC), yet little is known about the risk of adverse events when FS is used in general clinical practice. We aimed to determine the incidence of gastrointestinal complications and acute myocardial infarction (MI) after screening FS. Methods: Northern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program members of average risk for CRC (n = 107,704) who underwent screening FS during 1994 to 1996 (109,534 FS), as part of the Colorectal Cancer Prevention (CoCaP) program. The main outcome measure was hospitalization for gastrointestinal complications or acute MI within 4 weeks of FS. Results: The mean age of subjects was 61 years, and 48.8% were female. Nongastroenterologist physicians, nurses, or physician assistants performed 72% of FS. Overall, 24 persons were hospitalized for a gastrointestinal complication. Of these, 7 were serious (2 perforations, 2 episodes of diverticulitis requiring surgery, 2 cases of bleeding requiring transfusion, and 1 episode of unexplained colitis). In multivariate models, complications were significantly more common in men than in women (odds ratio, 3.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.34-10.13). MI occurred in 33 persons within 4 weeks of FS, but the incidence for this period was similar to that in the subsequent 48 weeks (rate ratio, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.2). Conclusions: The risk of serious complications after screening FS in this setting appears to be modest. Although MI occurs after FS, the risk during the 4 weeks after the procedure appears to be similar to expectations for persons of screening age. C1 Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Med, Dept Gastroenterol, Walnut Creek, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Levin, TR (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente, Div Res, 2000 Broadway,2nd Floor, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. NR 24 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 1 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0016-5085 J9 GASTROENTEROLOGY JI Gastroenterology PD DEC PY 2002 VL 123 IS 6 BP 1786 EP 1792 DI 10.1053/gast.2002.37064 PG 7 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 620RA UT WOS:000179545300009 PM 12454834 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA AF Stevens, JA TI Falls among older adults: Public health impact and prevention strategies SO GENERATIONS-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY ON AGING LA English DT Article ID NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; HIP FRACTURE INCIDENCE; RISK-FACTORS; COSTS; POPULATION; INJURIES; CARE; OSTEOPOROSIS; WOMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stevens, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 50 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC AGING PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 833 MARKET ST, STE 511, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103-1824 USA SN 0738-7806 J9 GENERATIONS JI Generations-J. Am. Soc. Aging PD WIN PY 2002 VL 26 IS 4 BP 7 EP 14 PG 8 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 725AN UT WOS:000185520600003 ER PT J AU Hoover, TA Culp, DW Vodkin, MH Williams, JC Thompson, HA AF Hoover, TA Culp, DW Vodkin, MH Williams, JC Thompson, HA TI Chromosomal DNA deletions explain phenotypic characteristics of two antigenic variants, phase II and RSA 514 (crazy), of the Coxiella burnetii Nine Mile strain SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-CHOLERAE O139; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; GENE-CLUSTER; Q-FEVER; ALPHA(V)BETA(3) INTEGRIN; SURFACE POLYSACCHARIDE; SALMONELLA-ENTERICA; ATP-SULFURYLASE; PATHWAY GENES AB After repeated passages through embyronated eggs, the Nine Mile strain of Coxiella burnetii exhibits antigenic variation, a loss of virulence characteristics, and transition to a truncated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure. In two independently derived strains, Nine Mile phase II and RSA 514, these phenotypic changes were accompanied by a large chromosomal deletion (M. H. Vodkin and J. C. Williams, J. Gen. Microbiol. 132:2587-2594, 1986). In the work reported here, additional screening of a cosmid bank prepared from the wild-type strain was used to map the deletion termini of both mutant strains and to accumulate all the segments of DNA that comprise the two deletions. The corresponding DNAs were then sequenced and annotated. The Nine Mile phase II deletion was completely nested within the deletion of the RSA 514 strain. Basic alignment and homology studies indicated that a large group of LPS biosynthetic genes, arranged in an apparent O-antigen cluster, was deleted in both variants. Database homologies identified, in particular, mannose pathway genes and genes encoding sugar methylases and nucleotide sugar epimerase-dehydratase proteins. Candidate genes for addition of sugar units to the core oligosaccharide for synthesis of the rare sugar 6-deoxy-3-C-methylgulose (virenose) were identified in the deleted region. Repeats, redundancies, paralogous genes, and two regions with reduced G+C contents were found within the deletions. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USAMRIID, Bacteriol Div, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Labs, Springfield, IL 62794 USA. Illinois Nat Hist Survey, Ctr Econ Entomol, Champaign, IL 61821 USA. Wyeth Biopharma, Andover, MA 01810 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, RE Byrd Hlth Sci Ctr, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. RP Thompson, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI34984] NR 59 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 70 IS 12 BP 6726 EP 6733 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.12.6726-6733.2002 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 617TU UT WOS:000179377600029 PM 12438347 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI AF Tokars, JI TI Bloodstream infections in hemodialysis patients: Getting some deserved attention SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,E-55, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 23 IS 12 BP 713 EP 715 DI 10.1086/501998 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 628HA UT WOS:000179986300002 PM 12517011 ER PT J AU O'Grady, NP Alexander, M Dellinger, EP Gerberding, JL Heard, SO Maki, DG Masur, H McCormick, RD Mermel, LA Pearson, ML Raad, II Randolph, A Weinstein, RA AF O'Grady, NP Alexander, M Dellinger, EP Gerberding, JL Heard, SO Maki, DG Masur, H McCormick, RD Mermel, LA Pearson, ML Raad, II Randolph, A Weinstein, RA TI Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS CATHETERS; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL; ANTISEPTIC-IMPREGNATED CATHETER; SERRATIA-MARCESCENS BACTEREMIA AB BACKGROUND: Although many catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) are preventable, measures to reduce these infections are not uniformly implemented. OBJECTIVE: To update an existing evidenced-based guideline that. promotes strategies to prevent CRBSIs. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE database, conference proceedings, and bibliographies of review articles and book chapters were searched for relevant articles. STUDIES INCLUDED: Laboratory-based studies, controlled clinical trials, prospective interventional trials, and epidemiologic investigations. OUTCOME MEASURES: Reduction in CRBSI, catheter colonization, or catheter-related infection. SYNTHESIS: The recommended preventive strategies with the strongest supportive evidence are education and training of healthcare providers who insert and maintain catheters; maximal sterile barrier precautions during central venous catheter insertion; use of a 2% chlorhexidine preparation for skin antisepsis; no routine replacement of central venous catheters for prevention of infection; and use of antiseptic/antibiofic-impregnated short-term central venous catheters if the rate of infection is high despite adherence to other strategies (ie, education and training, maximal sterile barrier precautions, and 2% chlorhexidine for skin antisepsis). CONCLUSION: Successful implementation of these evidence-based interventions can reduce the risk for serious catheter-related infection. C1 NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. INS, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Surg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Dept Anesthesiol, Worcester, MA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Infect Dis Sect, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Hosp & Clin, Madison, WI USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02903 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI USA. MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Med Specialties, Houston, TX USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Anesthesia, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp, Dept Pediat, Boston, MA USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL USA. RP O'Grady, NP (reprint author), NIH, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 183 TC 281 Z9 290 U1 0 U2 21 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 23 IS 12 BP 759 EP 769 DI 10.1086/502007 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 628HA UT WOS:000179986300011 PM 12517020 ER PT J AU Villegas, J Feliciangeli, MD Dujardin, JP AF Villegas, J. Feliciangeli, M. D. Dujardin, J. P. TI Wing shape divergence between Rhodnius prolixus from Cojedes (Venezuela) and Rhodnius robustus from Merida (Venezuela) SO INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Rhodnius robustus; Rhodnius prolixus; Chagas disease transmission; Morphometrics AB The existence of Rhodnius robustus as a species distinct from Rhodnius prolixus has long been the main epidemiological question about Chagas disease transmission in Venezuela and surrounding countries. These two taxa are morphologically and genetically very similar, but only R. prolixus is assumed to colonize houses and transmit Chagas disease to humans. R. robustus is assumed to be an exclusively sylvatic species, restricted to palm trees. If robustus and prolixus are actually the same species, the theoretical possibility exists of sylvatic specimens invading houses, even after insecticide application, and a control strategy similar to that of the successful Southern Cone Initiative against Triatoma infestans would be difficult to consider. Since no valid alternative control strategy exists, the answer to this biological question could be decisive about the future of vector control in this region. Although we believe genetic techniques are best suited to define species boundaries, we present here an example of the relevance of modern morphometrics in dealing with such an issue. Using both traditional and geometric morphometrics, we compared the wing size and shape in both sexes of these two taxa reared in the same laboratory for one generation. R. robustus specimens were collected from palm trees in the state of Merida (Venezuela), and R. prolixus were collected from houses in the state of Cojedes (Venezuela). Our study provided no argument to question their specific status. Even after one generation of living in the same laboratory conditions, the two lines showed clear size differences, divergent allometric trends, and significant allometry-free differences in shape. These results suggest that R. robustus (Merida, Venezuela) and R. prolixus (Cojedes, Venezuela) are distinct evolutionary units. Due to the epidemiological importance of this question, further studies in other geographic areas of Venezuela are required to accurately define the relationships of R. robustus and R. prolixus. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B. V. All rights reserved. C1 [Villegas, J.] Inst Altos Estudios Dr Arnoldo Gabaldon EMSA, Maracay, Venezuela. [Feliciangeli, M. D.] Univ Carabobo, BIOMED, Nucleo Aragua, Maracay, Venezuela. [Dujardin, J. P.] CDC, CNRS IRD 9926, IRD, CNRS,UMR, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dujardin, JP (reprint author), CDC, CNRS IRD 9926, IRD, CNRS,UMR, 4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jdujardin@cdc.gov FU Proyecto de Control de Enfermedades Endemicas (PCEE); Convenio Gobierno de Venezuela/Banco Mundial; international collaboration through the ECLAT network FX We thank M. Baylac (MHN, Paris), C. Schofield (LSTMH, London), B. Beard (CDC, Atlanta), F. Monteiro (Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro) and A. Lenhart (CDC, Atlanta) for their valuable comments. This work was supported by the "Proyecto de Control de Enfermedades Endemicas (PCEE), Convenio Gobierno de Venezuela/Banco Mundial", and has benefited from international collaboration through the ECLAT network. NR 42 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-1348 EI 1567-7257 J9 INFECT GENET EVOL JI Infect. Genet. Evol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 2 IS 2 BP 121 EP 128 AR PII S1567-1348(02)00095-3 DI 10.1016/S1567-1348(02)00095-3 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA V30OJ UT WOS:000208825000005 PM 12797988 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA Dellinger, AM AF Stevens, JA Dellinger, AM TI Motor vehicle and fall related deaths among older Americans 1990-98: sex, race, and ethnic disparities SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article AB Objectives: To examine differences in motor vehicle and fall related death rates among older adults by sex, race, and ethnicity. Methods: Annual mortality tapes for 1990-98 provided demographic data including race and ethnicity, date, and cause of death. Trend analyses were conducted using Poisson regression. Results: From 1990-98, overall motor vehicle related death rates remained stable while death rates from unintentional falls increased. Motor vehicle and fall related death rates were higher among men. Motor vehicle related death rates were higher among people of color while fall related death rates were higher among whites. Among whites, fall death rates increased significantly during the study period, with an annual relative increase of 3.6% for men and 3.2% for women. Conclusions: The risk of death from motor vehicle and fall related injuries among older adults differed by sex, race and ethnicity, results obscured by simple age and sex specific death rates. This study found important patterns and disparities in these death rates by race and ethnicity useful for identifying high risk groups and guiding prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Stevens, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 272 EP 275 DI 10.1136/ip.8.4.272 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 654LH UT WOS:000181498000005 PM 12460960 ER PT J AU Binder, S AF Binder, S TI Injuries among older adults: the challenge of optimizing safety and minimizing unintended consequences SO INJURY PREVENTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 6th World Conference on Injury Prevention and Control CY MAY, 2002 CL MONTREAL, CANADA ID FALLS; FATALITIES; SUICIDE; RISK; PREVENTION; COMMUNITY; DRIVERS; PEOPLE; RATES AB Objectives: To describe the problem of falls, motor vehicle related injuries, and suicide among older adults, and issues related to their prevention. Methods: Summary and synthesis of selected literature. Results: About 39 000 adults aged 65 and older die each year in the United States from injuries; worldwide this annual toll is about 946 000 persons. The top three causes of injury related death in this age goup in the United State are falls, those related to motor vehicle crashes, and suicide. Effective strategies exist for preventing fall related injuries and deaths. Preventing injuries and deaths from motor vehicles and suicide may be more difficult because of the nature of these problems. Conclusions: As the number and percentage of older adults continues to rise in the United States and globally, new approaches to preventing injuries will be critical. Interventions will need to operate at multiple levels-directed at the individual, at interpersonal relationships, and at the community level. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Binder, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, K-02,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING INC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 221 MAIN ST, PO BOX 7690, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94120-7690 USA SN 1353-8047 J9 INJ PREV JI Inj. Prev. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 8 SU 4 BP IV2 EP IV4 DI 10.1136/ip.8.suppl_4.iv2 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 656FA UT WOS:000181597100002 PM 12460947 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK Lama, M Onikpo, F Deming, MS AF Rowe, AK Lama, M Onikpo, F Deming, MS TI Design effects and intraclass correlation coefficients from a health facility cluster survey in Benin SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR QUALITY IN HEALTH CARE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Africare, Porto Novo, Benin. Direct Dept Sante Publ Oueme, Porto Novo, Benin. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1353-4505 J9 INT J QUAL HEALTH C JI Int. J. Qual. Health Care PD DEC PY 2002 VL 14 IS 6 BP 521 EP 523 DI 10.1093/intqhc/14.6.521 PG 3 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 632ZE UT WOS:000180254100011 PM 12515339 ER PT J AU Chumlea, WC Guo, SS Kuczmarski, RJ Flegal, KM Johnson, CL Heymsfield, SB Lukaski, HC Friedl, K Hubbard, VS AF Chumlea, WC Guo, SS Kuczmarski, RJ Flegal, KM Johnson, CL Heymsfield, SB Lukaski, HC Friedl, K Hubbard, VS TI Body composition estimates from NHANES III bioelectrical impedance data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE body composition; obesity; BIA; NHANES; health surveys ID FAT-FREE MASS; ADULTS; AGE; BLACK; WHITE; WATER; INDEX; RELIABILITY; POPULATION; OVERWEIGHT AB BACKGROUND: Body composition estimates for the US population are important in order to analyze trends in obesity, sarcopenia and other weight-related health conditions. National body composition estimates have not previously been available. OBJECTIVE: To use transformed bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) data in sex-specific, multicomponent model-derived prediction formulae, to estimate total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM), total body fat (TBF), and percentage body fat (%BF) using a nationally representative sample of the US population. DESIGN: Anthropometric and BIA data were from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III; 1988-1994). Sex-specific BIA prediction equations developed for this study were applied to the NHANES data, and mean values for TBW, FFM, TBF and %BF were estimated for selected age, sex and racial-ethnic groups. RESULTS: Among the non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican-American participants aged 12 - 80 y examined in NHANES III, 15 912 had data available for weight, stature and BIA resistance measures. Males had higher mean TBW and FFM than did females, regardless of age or racial-ethnic status. Mean TBW and FFM increased from the adolescent years to mid-adulthood and declined in older adult age groups. Females had higher mean TBF and %BF estimates than males at each age group. Mean TBF also increased with older age groups to approximately 60y of age after which it decreased. CONCLUSIONS: These mean body composition estimates for TBW, FFM, TBF and %BF based upon NHANES III BIA data provide a descriptive reference for non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans in the US population. C1 Wright State Univ, Lifespan Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Community Hlth, Sch Med, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. NIDDK, Div Digest Dis & Nutr, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. USDA ARS, Grand Forks NRC, Grand Forks, ND USA. Mil Med Res & Mat Command, Mil Operat Med Program, Frederick, MD USA. NIDDK, Div Nutr Res Coordinat, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. NIDDK, Nutr Sci Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Guo, SS (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Lifespan Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Community Hlth, Sch Med, 3171 Res Blvd, Dayton, OH 45420 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X; Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-53404]; NICHD NIH HHS [HD-12252, HD-27063] NR 48 TC 237 Z9 243 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1596 EP 1609 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802167 PG 14 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 626HV UT WOS:000179866500009 PM 12461676 ER PT J AU Matsui, T Kramer, MH Mendlein, JM Osaka, K Ohyama, T Takahashi, H Ono, T Okabe, N AF Matsui, T Kramer, MH Mendlein, JM Osaka, K Ohyama, T Takahashi, H Ono, T Okabe, N TI Evaluation of national Tsutsugamushi disease surveillance - Japan, 2000 SO JAPANESE JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ORIENTIA-TSUTSUGAMUSHI AB In Japan, Tsutsugamushi disease, which is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is re-emerging with newly recognized strains and is now endemic in all prefectures except Hokkaido and Okinawa. We analyzed recent surveillance data to describe the epidemiology of Tsutsugamushi. disease and to evaluate the newly implemented national surveillance system according to the CDC guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems. In 2000, 756 cases of Tsutsugamushi disease were reported from 37 of 47 prefectures; two of these cases were fatal. The median age of case-patients was 64 years (range: 2-94 years); 414 (54.8%) were male. In northern Japan, most cases were diagnosed in the months of May through July and in the months of October through December, and in southern Japan, cases were diagnosed almost year-round with a peak from October through December and in January. Reporting and transfer of surveillance information from the prefecture to the national level was effective and timely, but the completeness and quality of case reporting could still be improved. The current system for Tsutsugamushi disease surveillance is useful for describing epidemiologic patterns by time, prefecture, and demographic characteristics. However, collection of additional information on suspected place of transmission, activity performed at the place of transmission, or the case-patient's profession would likely make the system more valuable for outbreak detection and for better defining populations at risk. C1 Kumamoto Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Kumamoto 8608556, Japan. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Field Epidemiol Training Program Japan, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Infect Dis Surveillance Ctr, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Matsui, T (reprint author), Kumamoto Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Honjo 1-1-1, Kumamoto 8608556, Japan. EM djyu@kaiju.medic.kumamoto-u.ac.jp NR 17 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL INST INFECTIOUS DISEASES PI TOKYO PA JPN J INFECT DIS ED OFF NATL INST INFECTIOUS DISEASES TOYAMA 1-23-1, SHINJUKU-KU, TOKYO, 162-8640, JAPAN SN 1344-6304 EI 1884-2836 J9 JPN J INFECT DIS JI Jpn. J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 55 IS 6 BP 197 EP 203 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 653XH UT WOS:000181462000005 PM 12606829 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, JG Heneine, W TI Rapid biochemical assays for phenotypic drug resistance testing of HIV-1 SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article DE HIV; drug resistance ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE ACTIVITY; IN-VIVO; TYPE-1; INHIBITORS; PROTEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; LAMIVUDINE; NEVIRAPINE; MUTATIONS C1 CDCP, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), CDCP, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, MS G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 50 IS 6 BP 771 EP 774 DI 10.1093/jac/dkg005 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 622VY UT WOS:000179668900001 PM 12460993 ER PT J AU Pearce, EN Gerber, AR Gootnick, DB Khan, LK Li, RW Pino, S Braverman, LE AF Pearce, EN Gerber, AR Gootnick, DB Khan, LK Li, RW Pino, S Braverman, LE TI Effects of chronic iodine excess in a cohort of long-term American workers in West Africa SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Editorial Material ID WATER-PURIFICATION; TRAVELERS THYROTOXICOSIS; INDUCED HYPOTHYROIDISM; THYROID-FUNCTION; DISEASE AB A cross-sectional survey of 102 Peace Corps volunteers in Niger, West Africa, in 1998 had previously demonstrated a high rate of thyroid dysfunction and goiter attributable to excess iodine from their water filters. The Peace Corps volunteers were followed-up a mean of 30 wk after they ceased using iodine-based water filtration systems. Goiter was present in 44% of subjects during excess iodine ingestion and in 30% after removal of excess iodine. Mean serum iodine decreased from 293 mug/liter during excess iodine ingestion to 84 mug/liter after cessation of excess iodine. Mean total serum T(4) values increased from 100.4 to 113.3 nmol/liter (7.8 to 8.8 mug/dl). Mean serum free T(4) increased from 32.2 to 34.7 pmol/liter (2.5 to 2.7 ng/dl). Mean serum TSH decreased from 4.9 to 1.8 mU/liter. Mean serum thyroid peroxidase antibody levels decreased from 33,000 to 22,000 IU/liter (33 to 22 IU/ml). We found that during prolonged excess iodine exposure there were marked increases in serum total iodine concentrations, and the prevalence of goiter, elevated serum TSH values, and elevated serum thyroid peroxidase antibody values increased. The prevalence of all abnormalities decreased after removal of excess iodine from the drinking water system. C1 Boston Univ, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Peace Corps Off Med Serv, Washington, DC 20526 USA. US Gen Accounting Off, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Braverman, LE (reprint author), Boston Univ, Sect Endocrinol Diabet & Nutr, Sch Med, Boston Med Ctr, 88 E Newton St,Evans 201, Boston, MA 02118 USA. EM lewis.braverman@bmc.org OI Braverman, Lewis/0000-0003-1263-1099 NR 25 TC 25 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 87 IS 12 BP 5499 EP 5502 DI 10.1210/jc.2002-020692 PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 628DC UT WOS:000179976300025 PM 12466344 ER PT J AU Sacchi, CT Whitney, AM Reeves, MW Mayer, LW Popovic, T AF Sacchi, CT Whitney, AM Reeves, MW Mayer, LW Popovic, T TI Sequence diversity of Neisseria meningitidis 16S rRNA genes and use of 16S rRNA gene sequencing as a molecular subtyping tool SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; B MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; ET-37 COMPLEX; SEROGROUP-C; SAO-PAULO; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HETEROGENEITY; STRAIN; IDENTIFICATION AB We investigated the diversity of the primary sequences of 16S rRNA genes among Neisseria meningitidis strains (Men) and evaluated the use of this approach as a molecular subtyping tool. We aligned and compared a 1,417-bp fragment of the 16S rRNA gene from 264 Men strains of serogroups A, B, C, and Y (MenA, MenB, MenC, and MenY, respectively) isolated throughout the world over a 30-year period. Thirty-one positions of difference were found among 49 16S types: differences between types ranged from 1 to 14 positions (0.07 to 0.95%). 16S types and serogroups were highly associated; only 3 out 49 16S types were shared by two or more serogroups. We have identified 16S types that are exclusively associated with strains of certain hypervirulent clones: 16S type 5 with MenA subgroup III, 16S type 4 with the MenB electrophoretic type 5 (ET-5) complex, and 16S types 12 and 13 with MenC of the ET-37 complex. For MenC strains, 16S sequencing provided the highest sensitivity and specificity and the best overall association with the outbreak-related versus sporadic isolates when compared with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, and multilocus sequence typing. We demonstrated for the first time an unexpected diversity among 16S rRNA genes of Men strains, identified 16S types associated with well-defined hypervirulent clones, and showed the potential of this approach to rapidly identify virulent strains associated with outbreaks and/or an increased incidence of sporadic disease. C1 CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Dept Bacteriol, Div Med Biol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Sacchi, CT (reprint author), CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mail Stop D-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cls9@cdc.gov NR 38 TC 41 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 4520 EP 4527 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.12.4520-4527.2002 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 622DP UT WOS:000179631500019 PM 12454145 ER PT J AU Mothershed, EA Cassiday, PK Pierson, K Mayer, LW Popovic, T AF Mothershed, EA Cassiday, PK Pierson, K Mayer, LW Popovic, T TI Development of a real-time fluorescence PCR assay for rapid detection of the diphtheria toxin gene SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We developed and evaluated a real-time fluorescence PCR assay for detecting the A and B subunits of diphtheria toxin (tox) gene. When 23 toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains, 9 nontoxigenic C. diphtheriae strains, and 44 strains representing the diversity of pathogens and normal respiratory flora were tested, this real-time PCR assay exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity. It allowed for the detection of both subunits of the tox gene at 750 times greater sensitivity (2 CFU) than the standard PCR (1,500 CFU). When used directly on specimens collected from patients with clinical diphtheria, one or both subunits of the tox gene were detected in 34 of 36 specimens by using the real-time PCR assay; only 9 specimens were found to be positive by standard PCR. Reamplification by standard PCR and DNA sequencing of the amplification product confirmed all real-time PCR tox-positive reactions. This real-time PCR format is a more sensitive and rapid alternative to standard PCR for detection of the tox gene in clinical material. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popovic, T (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial Mycot Dis, Meningitis Special Pathogens Branch, MS G34,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 4713 EP 4719 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.12.4713-4719.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 622DP UT WOS:000179631500051 PM 12454177 ER PT J AU Ma, L Kutty, G Jia, QY Imamichi, H Huang, L Atzori, C Beckers, P Groner, G Beard, CB Kovacs, JA AF Ma, L Kutty, G Jia, QY Imamichi, H Huang, L Atzori, C Beckers, P Groner, G Beard, CB Kovacs, JA TI Analysis of variation in tandem repeats in the intron of the major surface glycoprotein expression site of the human form of Pneumocystis carinii SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE GENE; TRANSCRIBED SPACER REGIONS; F SP. HOMINIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; RECURRENT PNEUMONIA; MULTIPLE LOCI; AIDS PATIENTS; MUTATIONS; DNA; HETEROGENEITY AB Variation in the tandem repeats in the expression site of the human-derived Pneumocystis carinii major surface glycoprotein gene was characterized by denaturing gel electrophoresis. The number of repeats in 147 isolates ranged from 2 to 6, with 2, 3, and 4 repeats being the most common. Sequence analysis identified 3 types of repeat units that differed by 1 nucleotide, which suggests a hierarchy of evolution of human-derived P. carinii. Examination of sequential samples obtained from 6 patients at an interval of 10-90 days showed an identical repeat pattern in each patient. However, in 2 of 4 patients with 2-3 different samples obtained within 4 days, different repeat patterns were observed among the samples. Quantifying the number of repeats by denaturing gel electrophoresis is a simple and rapid-typing method that can be used alone or in combination with other methods to study the epidemiology of P. carinii. C1 NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Luigi Sacco Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Milan, Italy. Univ Nijmegen Hosp, Dept Med Microbiol, NL-6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands. RP Kovacs, JA (reprint author), NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Ctr Clin, Bldg 10,Rm 7D43,MSC 1662, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-5600] NR 23 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 11 BP 1647 EP 1654 DI 10.1086/345721 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 613RH UT WOS:000179144900015 PM 12447742 ER PT J AU Karimi, K Wheat, LJ Connolly, P Cloud, G Hajjeh, R Wheat, E Alves, K Lacaz, CD Keath, E AF Karimi, K Wheat, LJ Connolly, P Cloud, G Hajjeh, R Wheat, E Alves, K Lacaz, CD Keath, E TI Differences in histoplasmosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the United States and Brazil SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PHASE-SPECIFIC GENE; CAPSULATUM; AIDS; MANIFESTATIONS; POLYMORPHISMS AB Demographic and clinical parameters among patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and histoplasmosis in Brazil and United States were compared. The Brazilian isolates were typed by restriction-fragment length polymorphism analysis and were DNA fingerprinted by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Skin lesions occurred in 66% of Brazilian case patients, compared with 1%-7% of US case patients. Of 21 treated case patients, 4 (19%) died, a rate similar to that of the US case patients (5%-13%). By nuclear gene typing, the Brazilian isolates were equally divided between South American classes 5 and 6, and RAPD-PCR showed 18 distinct genetic fingerprints in 20 isolates. Skin lesions are more common in infection with class 5 or 6 organisms than with class 2 Histoplasma capsulatum. The role of genetic differences in the organism as a cause for the clinical differences requires investigation. C1 Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Indiana Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Indianapolis, IN USA. Dept Vet Affairs Hosp, Indianapolis, IN USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. Inst Infectol Emilo Ribas, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo, Med Mycol Lab, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Wheat, LJ (reprint author), MiraVista Diagnost & Mirabella Technol, 4444 Decatur Blvd,Ste 300, Indianapolis, IN 46278 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [N01-RR0255A]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI25859] NR 26 TC 44 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 11 BP 1655 EP 1660 DI 10.1086/345724 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 613RH UT WOS:000179144900016 PM 12447743 ER PT J AU Terlouw, DJ Aidoo, MA Udhayakumar, V Kolczak, MS Oloo, AJ Kager, PA Lal, AA Nahlen, BL ter Kuile, FO AF Terlouw, DJ Aidoo, MA Udhayakumar, V Kolczak, MS Oloo, AJ Kager, PA Lal, AA Nahlen, BL ter Kuile, FO TI Increased efficacy of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria among children with sickle cell trait in western Kenya SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 50th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 11-15, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hygiene ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; THALASSEMIC ERYTHROCYTES; LONGITUDINAL COHORT; HEMOGLOBIN-H; CHLOROQUINE; SENSITIVITY; RESISTANCE; PROTECTION; AREA; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB The role of the sickle cell hemoglobin type as a determinant of treatment outcome with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine was retrospectively studied in young children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria who lived in an area with intense perennial malaria transmission. Between 1993 and 1997, 2795 treatments involving 813 children were monitored. Sickle cell trait (HbAS) was present in 17.7% of the children. Two-and-a-half percent of the children experienced early clinical treatment failure by day 2-3, and 17.3% of the children were parasitemic on day 7. Treatments in HbAS children were less likely than those in HbAA children to result in persistence of parasitemia by day 3 (relative risk [RR], 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47-0.93; P = .02) or in parasitologic treatment failure on day 7 (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36- 0.71; P < .0001). These results suggest that the HbAS phenotype should be included among factors that determine sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine treatment outcome. C1 Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Terlouw, DJ (reprint author), Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, Meibergdreef 9,F4-217, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. NR 43 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 11 BP 1661 EP 1668 DI 10.1086/345363 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 613RH UT WOS:000179144900017 PM 12447744 ER PT J AU Zunt, JR Dezzutti, CS Montano, SM Thomas, KK Alarcon, JOV Quijano, E Courtois, BN Sanchez, JL Campos, P Gotuzzo, E Guenthner, PC Lal, RB Holmes, KK AF Zunt, JR Dezzutti, CS Montano, SM Thomas, KK Alarcon, JOV Quijano, E Courtois, BN Sanchez, JL Campos, P Gotuzzo, E Guenthner, PC Lal, RB Holmes, KK TI Cervical shedding of human T cell lymphotropic virus type I is associated with cervicitis SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Human Retrovirology CY APR, 1999 CL KAGOSHIMA, JAPAN ID FEMALE SEX WORKERS; HTLV-I; TRANSMISSION; INFECTIONS; PROSTITUTES; WOMEN; PERU AB Human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) is sexually transmitted. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for cervical shedding of HTLV-I DNA among Peruvian sex workers. HTLV tax DNA was detected in cervical specimens from 43 (68%) of 63 HTLV-I-infected sex workers and in samples obtained during 113 (52%) of 216 clinic visits between 1993 and 1997. Detection of HTLV DNA was associated with the presence of greater than or equal to30 polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) within cervical mucus per 100 x microscopic field (odds ratio [OR], 4.3, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-10.1) and with the presence of cervical secretions (OR, 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4). Hormonal contraceptive use (OR 1.7; 95% CI, 0.8-3.6) and concomitant cervical infection by Chlamydia trachomatis (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.3-4.3) or Neisseria gonorrhoeae (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.6-3.7) were not significantly associated with HTLV-I shedding. Our results suggest that cervicitis may increase cervical HTLV-I shedding and the sexual transmission of this virus. C1 Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS & Sexually Transmitted Dis, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Ciencias Neurol, Lima, Peru. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Lima 14, Peru. Ctr Salud Alberto Barton, Lima, Peru. Asociac Civil Impacta Salud & Educ, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. RP Zunt, JR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, POB 359775,325 9th Ave S, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. OI Alarcon, Jorge/0000-0002-0800-2380 FU FIC NIH HHS [T22 TW000001, T22-TW-00001, TW00679]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-27757, AI0714P, AI31448, P30 AI027757, U19 AI031448, K23 AI001600, K23 AI001600-01A1] NR 15 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 11 BP 1669 EP 1672 DI 10.1086/345364 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 613RH UT WOS:000179144900018 PM 12447745 ER PT J AU Burris, S Lazzarini, Z Gostin, LO AF Burris, S Lazzarini, Z Gostin, LO TI Taking rights seriously in health SO JOURNAL OF LAW MEDICINE & ETHICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Temple Univ, Beasley Sch Law, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, CDC Collaborating Ctr Promoting Hlth Law, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, CDC Collaborating Ctr Promoting Hlth Law, Washington, DC USA. Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Div Med Humanities, Storrs, CT USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Burris, S (reprint author), Temple Univ, Beasley Sch Law, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. OI Burris, Scott/0000-0002-6013-5842 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC LAW MEDICINE ETHICS PI BOSTON PA 765 COMMONWEALTH AVE, SUITE 1634, BOSTON, MA 02215 USA SN 1073-1105 J9 J LAW MED ETHICS JI J. Law Med. Ethics PD WIN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 4 BP 490 EP 491 PG 2 WC Ethics; Law; Medical Ethics; Medicine, Legal SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Government & Law; Medical Ethics; Legal Medicine GA 636NT UT WOS:000180463200003 ER PT J AU Wairagkar, N Rota, PA Liffick, S Shaikh, N Padbidri, VS Bellini, WJ AF Wairagkar, N Rota, PA Liffick, S Shaikh, N Padbidri, VS Bellini, WJ TI Characterization of measles sequences from Pune, India SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE wild-type measles viruses; sequence analysis; RT-PCR; H and N genes ID REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; VIRUS STRAINS; GENOTYPE; IDENTIFICATION AB The goal of this study was to conduct the initial genetic characterization wild-type measles viruses currently circulating in India. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detected measles RNA in 11 of 14 throat swabs collected from sporadic and outbreak-associated cases in the city of Pune, during 1996-1998. Sequence analysis of the H and N genes showed that six sequences were genotype D4, three were genotype D8, and two were genotype A. Continued virologic surveillance in other areas of India as well as neighboring countries will indicate the extent of genetic diversity present among wild-type measles viruses circulating in India. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Virol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS-C-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 68 IS 4 BP 611 EP 614 DI 10.1002/jmv.10228 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 608MN UT WOS:000178850200020 PM 12376971 ER PT J AU Roberts, SB Williamson, DF AF Roberts, SB Williamson, DF TI Causes of adult weight gain SO JOURNAL OF NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; BODY-WEIGHT; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE C1 Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roberts, SB (reprint author), Tufts Univ, Jean Mayer USDA, Human Nutr Res Ctr Aging, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-3166 J9 J NUTR JI J. Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 132 IS 12 BP 3824S EP 3825S PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 625UB UT WOS:000179833000045 PM 12468632 ER PT J AU Kim, DY Ridzon, R Giles, B Mireles, T AF Kim, DY Ridzon, R Giles, B Mireles, T TI Pseudo-outbreak of tuberculosis in poultry plant workers, Sussex County, Delaware SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID FOREIGN-BORN PERSONS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; UNITED-STATES; RISK AB Delaware is a leading US poult-producing state, and foreign-born workers make up a significant percentage of those employed by Delaware's poultry plants. In Sussex County, Delaware, a high percentage of the poultry workers are from two countries with a high incidence of tuberculosis (TB), Mexico and Guatemala, and thus are at risk for TB infection and disease. Furthermore, their risk of TB may be increased because many of these workers live in crowded conditions and lack access to medical care.(1-4) C1 Delaware Div Publ Hlth, Georgetown, DE USA. Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kim, DY (reprint author), Amgen Inc, 1 Amgen Way,MS 17-2-C, Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1169 EP 1172 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000044120.59147.0d PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 624UU UT WOS:000179780700010 PM 12500459 ER PT J AU Daftarian, HS Lushniak, BD Reh, CM Lewis, DM AF Daftarian, HS Lushniak, BD Reh, CM Lewis, DM TI Evaluation of self-reported skin problems among workers exposed to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) at a foam manufacturing facility SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALLERGIC CONTACT-DERMATITIS; GUINEA-PIGS; SENSITIZATION; POLYURETHANE; ISOCYANATES; URTICARIA; MICE; MDI AB Toluene diisocyanate, or TDI (CAS 584-84-9) is a well-known asthmagen and respiratory irritant. TDI is also known for its ability to irritate the skin and mucous membranes. To further investigate the dermal effects of TDI, NIOSH investigators conducted a cross-sectional study at a flexible foam manufacturing plant. A total of 114 workers participated in the study. Participants completed a medical questionnaire, provided blood for antibody testing to TDI and other allergens, and a subset of participants reporting skin symptoms underwent skin patch testing to a standard diisocyanate panel. Production line workers were more than twice as likely to report skin problems as those working in nonproduction areas (PRR = 2.66; 95% CI = 1.14-16.32; P = 0.02). Age, gender and duration of employment at the plant were comparable among Participants working in production and nonproduction areas. Of the 100 participants who provided blood samples for antibody testing, specific IgG antibody to TDI was detected in two individuals, and none of the samples demonstrated specific IgE antibody to TDI. Of the 26 workers who underwent skin patch testing, none developed reactions to the diisocyanate allergens. These results suggest that the skin symptoms among study participants represent an irritant rather than an immunologic reaction to TDI, or to an unidentified allergen present in the foam. C1 Gen Motors N Amer Moraine Assembly Plant, Dept Hlth Serv, Dayton, OH 45439 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Gillette Co, Occupat Hyg & Safety, Needham, MA USA. NIOSH, Analyt Serv Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Daftarian, HS (reprint author), Gen Motors N Amer Moraine Assembly Plant, Dept Hlth Serv, 2601 W Stroop Rd, Dayton, OH 45439 USA. NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 44 IS 12 BP 1197 EP 1202 DI 10.1097/01.jom.0000044130.59147.b8 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 624UU UT WOS:000179780700015 PM 12500464 ER PT J AU Zeidner, NS Schneider, BS Nuncio, MS Gern, L Piesman, J AF Zeidner, NS Schneider, BS Nuncio, MS Gern, L Piesman, J TI Coinoculation of Borrelia spp. with tick salivary gland lysate enhances spirochete load in mice and is tick species-specific SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; GENOMIC GROUPS; C3H/HEN MICE; IN-VITRO; BURGDORFERI; EXTRACTS; TISSUES AB C3H/HeN mice were inoculated with 10(6) spirochetes, either Borrelia burgdorferi strain N40 or the Portuguese strain of B. lusitaniae, PotiB2. Mice receiving spirochetes comoculated with salivary gland lysate (SGL) demonstrated significantly higher spirochete loads in target organs as measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. This effect was tick dependent. in that Ixodes ricinus SGL specifically enhanced B. lusitaniae load, whereas I. scapidaris SGL specifically increased B. burgdorferi N40 load, but did not significantly affect the dissemination of B. lusitaniae. Protein profile analysis indicated at least 5 major protein differences between I. scapiularis and I. ricinus SGL, which can possibly account for this specific tick-spirochete interaction. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Estudos Vectores & Doencas Infecciosas, Inst Nacl Saude, Aguas De Moura, Portugal. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. RP Zeidner, NS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Nuncio, Maria Sofia/0000-0001-5182-6150 NR 24 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1276 EP 1278 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[1276:COBSWT]2.0.CO;2 PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 632ZP UT WOS:000180255000041 PM 12537131 ER PT J AU Wang, SS O'Leary, LA FitzSimmons, SC Khoury, MJ AF Wang, SS O'Leary, LA FitzSimmons, SC Khoury, MJ TI The impact of early cystic fibrosis diagnosis on pulmonary function in children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA; PATIENT REGISTRY; GROWTH; MALNUTRITION; ACQUISITION; MORTALITY; RISK AB Objective: To investigate the impact of early diagnosis on pulmonary function in a large cohort of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Study design: CF cases identified from the CF Foundation National Patient Registry and diagnosed between 1982 and 1990 were categorized as: early asymptomatic diagnosis (EAD; n = 157), early symptomatic diagnosis (ESD; n = 227), later asymptomatic diagnosis (LAD; n = 161), and later symptomatic diagnosis (LSD; n = 3080). Early CF diagnosis was diagnosis before 6 weeks of age; later diagnosis was diagnosis at 6 weeks to 36 months of age, inclusive. Asymptomatic diagnosis included diagnosis by either family history, genotype, prenatally, or neonatally. Pulmonary function was measured as percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Results: There were no overall differences in pulmonary function among the 4 diagnostic groups. However, EAD cases born more recently (1987 or later) had a higher mean FEV1 throughout the study, compared with the remaining diagnostic groups. For this later birth cohort, Cox regression analysis for those diagnosed later and/or symptomatically, demonstrated a 2-fold increase in risk (P = .06) for having moderate-to-severe pulmonary function (FEV1 < 70%) at ages 6 to 10 years, compared with EAD cases. Conclusions: Children diagnosed with CF early, asymptomatically and more recently may have better pulmonary function throughout early childhood, probably as a result of improved CF treatments in recent years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Cyst Fibrosis Fdn, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Wang, SS (reprint author), NCI, 6120 Execut blvd,Execut Plaza S,Room 7072, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM wangso@mail.nih.gov NR 24 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 141 IS 6 BP 804 EP 810 DI 10.1067/mpd.2002.129845 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 625UN UT WOS:000179834100014 PM 12461497 ER PT J AU Vargas, CM Isman, RE Crall, JJ AF Vargas, CM Isman, RE Crall, JJ TI Comparison of children's medical and dental insurance coverage by sociodemographic characteristics, United States, 1995 SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY LA English DT Article DE children; medical insurance; dental insurance; NHIS ID HEALTH; ACCESS; CARE AB Background: Insurance coverage can reduce financial barriers that constitute a significant deterrent to obtaining medical and dental care, especially for children who reside in low-income households. We present baseline information on the codistribution of medical and dental coverage among US children according to sociodemographic characteristics before the enactment of the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). Methods: Data for 27,059 children 0-17 years old from the 1995 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to examine the distribution of medical and dental insurance coverage by sociodemographic characteristics. Prevalence estimates and adjusted odds ratios with 95 percent confidence intervals were calculated using SUDAAN. Results: Overall, 14.1 percent children were uninsured for medical care and 36.4 were uninsured for dental care; thus, there were 2.6 times as many children uninsured for dental than for medical care. Near-poor and Hispanic children were most likely to be without medical or dental coverage. Near-poor children were more likely to be uninsured for dental care than for medical care (43.8% vs 22.5%). Conclusion: Our findings, coupled with previous reports, suggest that the most serious problem concerning lack of dental insurance is among near-poor children. SCHIP has the potential to address dental coverage among near-poor children. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Pediat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Dent & Oral Surg, Div Community Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Vargas, CM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Pediat Dent, 666 W Baltimore St,Room 3-E-11, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU AAPHD NATIONAL OFFICE PI PORTLAND PA 3760 SW LYLE COURT, PORTLAND, OR 97221 USA SN 0022-4006 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH DENT JI J. Public Health Dent. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 62 IS 1 BP 38 EP 44 DI 10.1111/j.1752-7325.2002.tb03419.x PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 617JW UT WOS:000179359400007 PM 14700088 ER PT J AU Lowry, R Wechsler, H Galuska, DA Fulton, JE Kann, L AF Lowry, R Wechsler, H Galuska, DA Fulton, JE Kann, L TI Television viewing and its associations with overweight, sedentary lifestyle, and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables among US high school students: Differences by race, ethnicity, and gender SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; NATIONAL-HEALTH; YOUNG-CHILDREN; OBESE CHILDREN; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDHOOD; BEHAVIOR; WEIGHT; YOUTH AB Television (TV) viewing has been associated with overweight, decreased physical activity, and unhealthy dietary behavior among children and adolescents, and may represent a modifiable cause of childhood obesity. This study examined race, ethnic, and gender-specific differences in these associations among high school students in the United States. The study analyzed data from the 1999 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a representative sample (N = 15,349) of US high school students. Logistic regression tested for significant associations. TV viewing on an average school day exceeded 2 hours/day among 43% of students; it was greater among Black (74%) and Hispanic (52%) than White (34%) students. Overall, 11% of students were overweight, 31% of students were sedentary (ie, did not participate in moderate or vigorous physical activity at recommended levels), and 76% ate less than five servings/day of fruits and vegetables. Watching TV more than 2 hours/day was associated with being overweight, being sedentary, and eating insufficient fruits and vegetables among White females, and with being overweight among Hispanic females. No significant associations were found among Black females. TV viewing was associated with being overweight and eating insufficient fruits and vegetables among White males. No significant associations were found among Hispanic males. Among Black males, TV viewing was associated with greater participation in physical activity. These findings suggest the presence of cultural factors to consider when developing interventions to promote physical activity, healthy eating, and healthy weight through reduced TV viewing among adolescents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lowry, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 48 TC 155 Z9 166 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD DEC PY 2002 VL 72 IS 10 BP 413 EP 421 PG 9 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 638WE UT WOS:000180594600003 PM 12617028 ER PT J AU Cleveland, JL Barker, L Gooch, BF Beltrami, EM Cardo, D AF Cleveland, JL Barker, L Gooch, BF Beltrami, EM Cardo, D CA Natl Surveillance System Hlth Care TI Use of HIV postexposure prophylaxis by dental health care personnel - An overview and updated recommendations SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PERCUTANEOUS INJURIES; BLOOD; EXPOSURES; INFECTION; WORKERS; TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE; NEEDLESTICK; NEVIRAPINE AB Background. The authors conducted a study on the use of postexposure prophylaxis, or PEP, for exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, among dental health care personnel, or DHCP, enrolled in a surveillance system established by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or CDC. They also discuss updated U.S. Publich Health Service, or USPHS, recommendations for managing occupational exposures to HIV, as well as considerations for dentistry. Methods. The authors analyzed occupational exposures reported by DHCP to the CDC to describe characteristics of the exposure (for example, type and severity), the source patient's HIV status and use of PEP. Results. From June 1995 through August 2001, DHCP reported 208 exposures-199 percutaneous injuries, six mucous membrane exposures and three skin exposures-to the CDC. One-third of these percutaneous injuries were caused by small-bore hollow syringe needles, and most (66 percent) were moderate in depth. Nearly half the devices involved (46 percent) were visibly bloody at the time of injury. Per the criteria described in USPHS guidelines, one-half of the injuries were categorized as "less severe." Twenty-four (13 percent) known source patients were HIV positive; 14 had symptomatic HIV infection or a high viral load. In this study, three in four DHCP exposed to an HIV-positive source warranted a three-drug PEP regimen. Twenty-nine (24 percent) DHCP exposed to a source patient who subsequently was found to be HIV-negative took PEP; six took PEP for five to 29 days. No exposures resulted in HIV infection. Conclusions. Findings of this study are consistent with earlier reports indicating that the risk of HIV transmission in dental settings is low. Strategies such as rapid HIV testing of source patients and follow-up counseling may reduce unnecessary use of PEP. Clinical Implications. Dental practices should develop comprehensive, written programs for preventing and managing occupational exposures to blood. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cleveland, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis & Hlth Promot, Mailstop F-10,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER DENTAL ASSN PI CHICAGO PA 211 E CHICAGO AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611 USA SN 0002-8177 J9 J AM DENT ASSOC JI J. Am. Dent. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 133 IS 12 BP 1619 EP 1630 PG 12 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 652ZD UT WOS:000181410000014 PM 12512659 ER PT J AU Nasci, RS Gottfried, KL Burkhalter, KL Kulasekera, VL Lambert, AJ Lanciotti, RS Hunt, AR Ryan, JR AF Nasci, RS Gottfried, KL Burkhalter, KL Kulasekera, VL Lambert, AJ Lanciotti, RS Hunt, AR Ryan, JR TI Comparison of Vero cell plaque assay, TaqMan (R) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction RNA assay, and VecTest (TM) antigen assay for detection of West Nile virus in field-collected mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus; surveillance; TaqMan (R); reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; plaque assay; VecTest (TM); enzyme immunoassay; mosquito; vector ID CAPTURE ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ST-LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS; NEW-YORK; RAPID DETECTION; INFECTION; POOLS; BIRDS; PCR AB Mosquitoes collected during the epidemic of West Nile virus (WN) in Staten Island, NY, during 2000 were identified to species, grouped into pools of up to 50 individuals, and tested for the presence of WN by using TaqMan((R)) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect West Nile viral RNA, Vero cell plaque assay to detect infectious virus, and VecTest(TM) WNV/SLE Antigen Panel Assay. A total of 10,866 specimens was tested in 801 pools. Analysis of results indicated that TaqMan RT-PCR detected 34 WN-positive pools, more than either of the other techniques. The plaque assay detected 74% of the pools positive by TaqMan, and VecTest detected 60% of the pools positive by TaqMan. The VecTest assay detected evidence of West Nile viral antigen in 67% of the pools that contained live virus detected by plaque assay. A WN enzyme immunoassay performed similarly to the VecTest WN assay. Differences in performance were related to relative sensitivity of the tests. Infection rates of WN in Culex pipiens and Cx. salinarius calculated by the 3 techniques varied, but each estimate indicated a high infection rate in the population. Positive and negative attributes of each procedure, which may influence how and where they are used in surveillance programs, are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Dept Entomol, Div Commun Dis & Immunol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Nasci, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 21 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 294 EP 300 PG 7 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 747ZU UT WOS:000186837500007 PM 12542186 ER PT J AU Shatz, DV Romero-Steiner, S Elie, CM Holder, PF Carlone, GM AF Shatz, DV Romero-Steiner, S Elie, CM Holder, PF Carlone, GM TI Antibody responses in postsplenectomy trauma patients receiving the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine at 14 versus 28 days postoperatively SO JOURNAL OF TRAUMA-INJURY INFECTION AND CRITICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual Meeting of the Western-Trauma-Association CY FEB 24-MAR 01, 2002 CL WHISTLER-BLACKCOMBE, CANADA SP Western Trauma Assoc DE pneumococcal immunization; pneumovax; opsonophagocytic assay; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; immunoglobulin G; splenectomy ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; SPLENECTOMY; INFECTION; ADULTS AB Background. We have previously demonstrated, using functional antibody assays, that patients undergoing splenectomy for trauma exhibit a better response to pneumococcal immunization when vaccinated at 14 days postoperatively versus 1 or 7 days. However, patients immunized at 14 days failed to reach the response of normal controls. This study was conducted to determine whether even later immunization would improve the antibody response. Methods: Forty surviving patients undergoing emergent splenectomy were randomized to receive Pneumovax at 14 or 28 days after splenectomy. Blood samples were drawn at the time of vaccination (prevaccination) and 4 weeks later (postvaccination). A control group of 24 healthy adults was used for comparison. Antibody titers to four of the most common serotypes were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and opsonophagocytic assay (OPA). Results: Samples from 38 patient were analyzed. Each serotype and each group tested demonstrated a statistically significant increase in geometric mean enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immunoglobulin G antibody concentration (mug/mL) and OPA titer (1/dilution) after vaccination. There were no statistically significant differences (p greater than or equal to 0.07) in the immunoglobulin G antibody concentrations and OPA titers between the 14-day or the 28-day study groups when compared with normal healthy adults regardless of the serotype tested. In addition, there were no differences in the antibody responses between the 14-day and the 28-day study groups. Conclusions: Despite our previous study suggesting that delay in vaccination after emergent splenectomy resulted in improved antibody response, antibody response was not improved any further by delaying vaccination to 28 days. C1 Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Trauma, Miami, FL 33101 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shatz, DV (reprint author), Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Surg, Div Trauma, POB 016960,D-40, Miami, FL 33101 USA. OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 23 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5282 J9 J TRAUMA JI J. Trauma-Injury Infect. Crit. Care PD DEC PY 2002 VL 53 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1042 DI 10.1097/01.TA.0000033493.33229.1A PG 6 WC Critical Care Medicine; Surgery SC General & Internal Medicine; Surgery GA 625NT UT WOS:000179823100001 PM 12478024 ER PT J AU Reissman, DB Matte, TD Gurnitz, KL Kaufmann, RB Leighton, J AF Reissman, DB Matte, TD Gurnitz, KL Kaufmann, RB Leighton, J TI Is home renovation or repair a risk factor for exposure to lead among children residing in New York City? SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE children; home renovation; home repair; lead poisoning ID ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD; PAINT AB Children can be lead poisoned when leaded paint is disturbed during home renovation or repair. We conducted a case-control study, to assess the association between elevated blood lead levels (BLLs) in children younger than 5 years of age and renovation or repair of homes built before 1950 in New York City. In 1998, we interviewed parents of 106 case children (BLLs less than or equal to 10 mug/dL) and 159 control children (BLLs less than or equal to 5 mug/dL) living in selected New York City neighborhoods. We then used logistic regression methods to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for elevated BLLs among children living in housing that bad undergone various renovations or repairs in the 6 months before the blood lead test, and we adjusted for age and test month. Case children were only slightly more likely than control children to live ill a house that bad undergone any renovation (OR = 1.2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.7, 2.1). Case children were more likely to (1) live in housing that had interior surfaces prepared for painting, especially by band sanding (OR = 3.5, 95% Cl = 1.1, 10.9; population attributable risk [PAR%] = 10.4%, 95% CI = 0.5%, 19.3%); and (2) have work-created dust throughout their housing unit (OR = 6.3, 95% Cl = 1.2, 3 2.3; PAR% = 6.8%, 95% Cl = 0.0%, 13.1%). The risk for excess lead exposure is increased by home renovation or repair work involving interior paint preparation or reported dispersal of dust beyond the work area. The proportion of cases related to this exposure is high enough to merit preventive measures. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Lead Poisoning Prevent Program, New York, NY 10013 USA. RP Reissman, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, OD, BPRP, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD DEC PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 502 EP 511 DI 10.1093/jurban/79.4.502 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 628CK UT WOS:000179974400007 PM 12468670 ER PT J AU Gruskin, L Gange, SJ Celentano, D Schuman, P Moore, JS Zierler, S Vlahov, D AF Gruskin, L Gange, SJ Celentano, D Schuman, P Moore, JS Zierler, S Vlahov, D TI Incidence of violence against HIV-infected and uninfected women: Findings from the HIV epidemiology research (HER) study SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE abuse; HIV infection; incidence; violence against women ID CHILDHOOD SEXUAL ABUSE; AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; RISK; PARTNER; COHORT AB The effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on the incidence of violence against women was addressed in a prospective cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected women. Participants were enrolled between 1993 and 199S in four US cities and followed up semiannually through 1998. Among 1,087 women with a total accrual of 2,988 person-years (PY) of follow-up, there were 185 reports of abuse (incidence rate = 6.19 per 100 PY). The rate of abuse among HIV-infected women with a CD4+ count less than 350 cells/muL was lower than that among HIV-infected women with more CD4+ cells/muL or among uninfected women (4.87, 6.92, and 6.44 per 100 PY, respectively). In multivariate analysis, being separated or divorced, having a history of abuse in adulthood, using marijuana, using crack, and having multiple sex partners were each significantly associated with an elevated abuse rate; being older was inversely associated with abuse. Among HIV-infected women, those with fewer CD4+ cells/muL continued to show a decreased abuse rate (hazard ratio = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.36, 0.82) after adjustment for these factors. It is important to complement existing and future HIV prevention and intervention strategies with efforts to reduce violence against women. C1 Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Dept Community Hlth, Providence, RI 02912 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Vlahov, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. OI Gange, Stephen/0000-0001-7842-512X FU NINR NIH HHS [NR07311]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U\64CCU106795, U64\CCU200714, U64\CCU306802, U64\CCU506831] NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD DEC PY 2002 VL 79 IS 4 BP 512 EP 524 DI 10.1093/jurban/79.4.512 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 628CK UT WOS:000179974400008 PM 12468671 ER PT J AU Gerrard, SR Nichol, ST AF Gerrard, SR Nichol, ST TI Characterization of the Golgi retention motif of Rift Valley fever virus G(N) glycoprotein SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MEMBRANE GLYCOPROTEIN; CYTOPLASMIC TAIL; LOCALIZATION; COMPLEX; SIGNAL; PROTEIN; G1; BUNYAVIRIDAE; TRAFFICKING; APPARATUS AB As Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus, and probably all members of the family Bunyaviridae, matures in the Golgi apparatus, the targeting of the virus glycoproteins to the Golgi apparatus plays a pivotal role in the virus replication cycle. No consensus Golgi localization motif appears to be shared among the glycoproteins of these viruses. The viruses of the family Bunyaviridae synthesize their glycoproteins, G(N) and G(C), as a polyprotein. The Golgi localization signal of RVF virus has been shown to reside within the G(N) protein by use of a plasmid-based transient expression system to synthesize individual G(N) and G(C) proteins. While the distribution of individually expressed G(N) significantly overlaps with cellular Golgi proteins such as beta-COP and GS-28, G(C) expressed in the absence of G(N) localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum. Further analysis of expressed G(N) truncated proteins and green fluorescent protein/G(N) chimeric proteins demonstrated that the RVF virus Golgi localization signal mapped to a 48-amino-acid region of G(N) encompassing the 20-amino-acid transmembrane domain and the adjacent 28 amino acids of the cytosolic tail. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 65 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 IS 23 BP 12200 EP 12210 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.23.12200-12210.2002 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 612PB UT WOS:000179083700040 PM 12414959 ER PT J AU Jeffers, SA Sanders, DA Sanchez, A AF Jeffers, SA Sanders, DA Sanchez, A TI Covalent modifications of the Ebola virus glycoprotein SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID MURINE LEUKEMIA-VIRUS; LINKED GLYCOSYLATION SITES; ENVELOPE GLYCOPROTEIN; MUTATIONAL ANALYSIS; VIRION GLYCOPROTEINS; MESSENGER-RNA; CELL-LINES; PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; RETROVIRUSES AB The role of covalent modifications of the Ebola virus glycoprotein (GP) and the significance of the sequence identity between filovirus and avian retrovirus GPs were investigated through biochemical and functional analyses of mutant GPs. The expression and processing of mutant GPs with altered N-linked glycosylation, substitutions for conserved cysteine residues, or a deletion in the region of O-linked glycosylation were analyzed, and virus entry capacities were assayed through the use of pseudotyped retroviruses. Cys-53 was the only GP(1) (similar to130 kDa) cysteine residue whose replacement resulted in the efficient secretion of GP, and it is therefore proposed that it participates in the formation of the only disulfide bond linking GP(1) to GP(2) (similar to24 kDa). We propose a complete cystine bridge map for the filovirus GPs based upon our analysis of mutant Ebola virus GPs. The effect of replacement of the conserved cysteines in the membrane-spanning region of GP(2) was found to depend on the nature of the substitution. Mutations in conserved N-linked glycosylation sites proved generally, with a few exceptions, innocuous. Deletion of the O-linked glycosylation region increased GP processing, incorporation into retrovirus particles, and viral transduction. Our data support a common evolutionary origin for the GPs of Ebola virus and avian retroviruses and have implications for gene transfer mediated by Ebola virus GP-pseudotyped retroviruses. C1 Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sanders, DA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Dept Biol Sci, 1392 Lilly Hall, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 41 TC 121 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 76 IS 24 BP 12463 EP 12472 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.24.12463-12472.2002 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 617DE UT WOS:000179344800007 PM 12438572 ER PT J AU Ma'at, I Owens, M Hughes, M AF Ma'at, I Owens, M Hughes, M TI REACH 2010 coalitions: Reaching for ways to prevent cardiovascular disease and diabetes SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, REACH 2010 Demonstrat Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ma'at, I (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, REACH 2010 Demonstrat Program, Div Adult & Community Hlth, MS-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 11 IS 10 BP 829 EP 839 DI 10.1089/154099902762203678 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 632YT UT WOS:000180253000001 PM 12626083 ER PT J AU Hopkins, DR Withers, PC AF Hopkins, DR Withers, PC TI Sudan's war and eradication of dracunculiasis SO LANCET LA English DT Article C1 Carter Ctr, Programme Support Hlth Programmes, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hopkins, DR (reprint author), Carter Ctr, Programme Support Hlth Programmes, 1 Copenhill,453 Freedom Pkwy, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. NR 3 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD DEC PY 2002 VL 360 SU S BP S21 EP S22 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11806-X PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 629TG UT WOS:000180064500010 PM 12504489 ER PT J AU Petersen, A Aarestrup, FM Angulo, FJ Wong, S Stohr, K Wegener, HC AF Petersen, A Aarestrup, FM Angulo, FJ Wong, S Stohr, K Wegener, HC TI WHO Global Salm-Surv external quality assurance system (EQAS): An important step toward improving the quality of Salmonella serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing worldwide SO MICROBIAL DRUG RESISTANCE-MECHANISMS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND DISEASE LA English DT Article ID SEROVAR TYPHIMURIUM DT104; ENTERITIDIS PHAGE TYPE-4; RESISTANT SALMONELLA; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; INFECTIONS; INCREASE; ENGLAND; HUMANS; ANIMALS AB Initiated in 2000, WHO Global Salm-Surv is a global network of epidemiologists and microbiologists involved in Salmonella surveillance. WHO Global Salm-Surv seeks to enhance the capacity of national and regional reference laboratories to conduct Salmonella serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing through international training courses and an External Quality Assurance System (EQAS). In 2000, 44 WHO Global Salm-Surv member laboratories from 35 countries determined the serotype and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern for eight "blinded" Salmonella isolates. For serotyping, 73% of the results were correct. For susceptibility testing, 92% of the results were in agreement with the expected results. However, only 78% of the performed tests with the E. coli ATCC 25922 reference strain were within the quality control range specified by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. These EQAS results demonstrate the need for further training to improve the performance of some of the laboratories. WHO Global Salm-Surv activities, including international training courses and EQAS, represent an important step toward improving the quality of Salmonella serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing worldwide, and improving the current reliability and comparability of Salmonella surveillance data obtained from different countries. C1 Danish Vet Inst, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO Hedquarters, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Petersen, A (reprint author), Danish Vet Inst, Bulowsvej 27, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark. OI Wegener, Henrik Caspar/0000-0002-6888-2121 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1076-6294 J9 MICROB DRUG RESIST JI Microb. Drug Resist.-Mechan. Epidemiol. Dis. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 4 BP 345 EP 353 DI 10.1089/10766290260469615 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 630QY UT WOS:000180121000013 PM 12523632 ER PT J AU Potter, RN Gardner, JW Deuster, PA Jenkins, P McKee, K Jones, BH AF Potter, RN Gardner, JW Deuster, PA Jenkins, P McKee, K Jones, BH TI Musculoskeletal injuries in an army Airborne population SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STRESS-FRACTURES; OVERUSE INJURIES; PARACHUTING INJURIES; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; MILITARY RECRUITS; INFANTRY SOLDIERS; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; NORTH-CAROLINA; FORT-BRAGG; YOUNG MEN AB To maintain operational readiness, military personnel engage in vigorous physical and training activities that carry risk for injury. A 1-year prospective cohort study, starting April 1996, was conducted at Fort Bragg, North Carolina among 1,965 members of the 82nd Airborne Division to quantify musculoskeletal injuries. Information collected included type of injury, site, circumstances, and resultant limited duty days. These soldiers suffered 508 overuse injuries (including 38 stress fractures), 1,415 traumatic injuries (including 100 fractures), and 101 unclassified injuries. Injury rates were 6.8% per soldier per month for traumatic injury and 2.4% for overuse injury (totaling 1.2 injuries per soldier per year). Injuries resulted in 22,041 limited duty days, averaging 11 days per injury and 13 days per soldier (4.5% of total workdays). Fractures and stress fractures/reactions produced the most days lost per case. Most of these injuries resulted from military-specific activities. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Mil & Emergency Med, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Womack Army Med Ctr, Ft Bragg, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30338 USA. RP Potter, RN (reprint author), 19525 Transhire Rd, Gaithersburg, MD 20886 USA. RI Deuster, Patricia/G-3838-2015 OI Deuster, Patricia/0000-0002-7895-0888 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 167 IS 12 BP 1033 EP 1040 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653EF UT WOS:000181421700015 PM 12502180 ER PT J AU Kotb, M Norrby-Teglund, A McGeer, A El-Sherbini, H Dorak, MT Khurshid, A Green, K Peeples, J Wade, J Thomson, G Schwartz, B Low, DE AF Kotb, M Norrby-Teglund, A McGeer, A El-Sherbini, H Dorak, MT Khurshid, A Green, K Peeples, J Wade, J Thomson, G Schwartz, B Low, DE TI An immunogenetic and molecular basis for differences in outcomes of invasive group A streptococcal infections SO NATURE MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TOXIC-SHOCK-SYNDROME; T-CELLS; DISEASE; SUPERANTIGENS; RESPONSES AB The role of host genetic factors in conferring predisposition or protection in infectious diseases has become evident. Infection with group A streptococci causes a wide spectrum of disease ranging from pharyngitis to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. The release of inflammatory cytokines triggered by streptococcal superantigens has a pivotal role in invasive streptococcal disease. However, individuals infected with the same strain can develop very different manifestations. We report here that the immunogenetics of the host influence the outcome of invasive streptococcal infection, and demonstrate the underlying mechanism for these genetic associations. Specific human leukocyte antigen class II haplotypes conferred strong protection from severe systemic disease, whereas others increased the risk of severe disease. Patients with the DRB1*1501/DQB1*0602 haplotype mounted significantly reduced responses and were less likely to develop severe systemic disease (P<0.0001). We propose that human leukocyte antigen class II allelic variation contributes to differences in severity of invasive streptococcal infections through their ability to regulate cytokine responses triggered by streptococcal superantigens. C1 Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Surg & Mol Sci, Memphis, TN USA. Huddinge Univ Hosp, Ctr Infect Dis, Karolinska Inst, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kotb, M (reprint author), Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Memphis, TN 38104 USA. RI Low, Donald/B-1726-2012; mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI40198] NR 23 TC 138 Z9 141 U1 1 U2 5 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1078-8956 J9 NAT MED JI Nat. Med. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 8 IS 12 BP 1398 EP 1404 DI 10.1038/nm800 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 620UZ UT WOS:000179552000036 PM 12436116 ER PT J AU Jackson, Y Dietz, WH Sanders, C Kolbe, LJ Whyte, JJ Wechsler, H Schneider, BS McNally, LA Charles-Azure, J Vogel-Taylor, M Starke-Reed, P Hubbard, VS Johnson-Taylor, WL Troiano, RP Donato, K Yanovski, S Kuczmarski, RJ Haverkos, L McMurry, K Wykoff, RF Woo, V Noonan, AS Rowe, J McCarty, K Spain, CB AF Jackson, Y Dietz, WH Sanders, C Kolbe, LJ Whyte, JJ Wechsler, H Schneider, BS McNally, LA Charles-Azure, J Vogel-Taylor, M Starke-Reed, P Hubbard, VS Johnson-Taylor, WL Troiano, RP Donato, K Yanovski, S Kuczmarski, RJ Haverkos, L McMurry, K Wykoff, RF Woo, V Noonan, AS Rowe, J McCarty, K Spain, CB TI Summary of the 2000 Surgeon General's listening session: Toward a national action plan on overweight and obesity SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE schools; worksites; media; family and community; health care ID UNITED-STATES AB Objective: To provide insight into discussions at the Surgeon General's Listening Session, "Toward a National Action Plan on Overweight and Obesity," and to complement The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity. Research Methods and Procedures: On December 7 and 8, 2000, representatives from federal, state, academic, and private sectors attended the Surgeon General's Listening Session and were given an opportunity to recommend what to include in a national plan to address overweight and obesity. The public was invited to comment during a corresponding public comment period. The Surgeon General's Listening Session was also broadcast on the Internet, allowing others to view the deliberations live or access the archived files. Significant discussion points from the Listening Session have been reviewed by representatives of the federal agencies and are the basis of this complementary document. Results: Examples of issues, strategies, and barriers to change are discussed within five thematic areas: schools, health care, family and community, worksite, and media. Suggested cooperative or collaborative actions for preventing and decreasing overweight and obesity are described. An annotated list of some programmatic partnerships is included. Discussion: The Surgeon General's Listening Session provided an opportunity for representatives from family and community groups, schools, the media, the health-care environment, and worksites to become partners and to unite around the common goal of preventing and decreasing overweight and obesity. The combination of approaches from these perspectives offers a rich resource of opportunity to combat the public health epidemic of overweight and obesity. C1 NIH, Div Nutr Res Coordinat, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Adm Aging, US Dept HHS, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, DHHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, DHHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Medicare & Medicaid Serv, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, DHHS, Baltimore, MD USA. US FDA, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, DHHS, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Rockville, MD USA. NIH, Off Director, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NHLBI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIDDKD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NICHHD, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Off Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, DHHS, Washington, DC USA. Off Surg Gen, DHHS, Washington, DC USA. Off Womens Hlth, DHHS, Washington, DC USA. Presidents Council Phys Fitness & Sports, Off Publ Hlth & Sci, DHHS, Washington, DC USA. RP Johnson-Taylor, WL (reprint author), NIH, Div Nutr Res Coordinat, DHHS, 2 Democracy Plaza,Room 640,6707 Democracy Blvd,MS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. OI Troiano, Richard/0000-0002-6807-989X NR 12 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI SILVER SPRING PA 8630 FENTON ST, SUITE 918, SILVER SPRING, MD 20910 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1299 EP 1305 DI 10.1038/oby.2002.176 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 625MY UT WOS:000179821300014 PM 12490675 ER PT J AU Weiss, LK Burkman, RT Cushing-Haugen, KL Voigt, LF Simon, MS Daling, JR Norman, SA Bernstein, L Ursin, G Marchbanks, PA Strom, BL Berlin, JA Weber, AL Doody, DR Wingo, PA McDonald, JA Malone, KE Folger, SG Spirtas, R AF Weiss, LK Burkman, RT Cushing-Haugen, KL Voigt, LF Simon, MS Daling, JR Norman, SA Bernstein, L Ursin, G Marchbanks, PA Strom, BL Berlin, JA Weber, AL Doody, DR Wingo, PA McDonald, JA Malone, KE Folger, SG Spirtas, R TI Hormone replacement therapy regimens and breast cancer risk SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESTROGEN-PROGESTIN-REPLACEMENT; MENOPAUSAL ESTROGEN; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; PLUS PROGESTIN; MAMMARY-GLAND; PROLIFERATION; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; COMBINATION; POPULATION AB OBJECTIVE: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has increased in the United States over the past 2 decades in response to reports of long-term health benefits. A relationship between HRT and breast cancer risk has been observed in a number of epidemiological studies. In 2002, the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial reported an association between continuous combined HRT and breast cancer risk. The objective of this study was to examine die association between breast cancer risk and HRT according to regimen and duration and recency of use. METHODS: A multicenter, population-based, case-control study was conducted in five United States metropolitan areas from 1994 to 1998. Analyzed were data from 3823 postmenopausal white and black women (1,870 cases and 1953 con-trols) aged 35-64 years. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated as estimates of breast cancer risk using standard, unconditional, multivariable logistic regression analysis. Potential confounders were included in the final model if they altered ORs by 10% or more. Two-sided P values for trend were computed from the likelihood ratio statistic. RESULTS: Continuous combined HRT was associated with increased breast cancer risk among current users of 5 or more years (1.54; 95% confidence interval 1.10, 2.17). Additionally, a statistically significant trend indicating increasing breast cancer risk with longer duration of continuous combined HRT was observed among current users (P=.01). There were no positive associations between breast cancer risk and other HRT regimens. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a positive association between continuous combined HRT and breast cancer risk among current, longer term users. Progestin administered in an uninterrupted regimen may be a contributing factor. Risk dissipates once use is discontinued. (C) 2002 by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Wayne State Univ, Populat Studies & Prevent Program, Karmanos Canc Inst, Detroit, MI USA. Henry Ford Hlth Syst, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Detroit, MI USA. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Wayne State Univ, Karmanos Canc Inst, Dept Internal Med, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Biostat & Epidemiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. NICHHD, Contracept & Reprod Hlth Branch, Populat Res Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Weiss, LK (reprint author), NCI, Canc Ctr Branch, Off Ctr Training & Resources, 6116 Execut Blvd,Suite 700, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-PC-67010, N01-CN-0532, N01-CN-65064, N01-PC-67006]; NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-2-3166, N01-HD-3-3168, N01-HD-3-3174, N01-HD-3-3175, N01-HD-3-3176, Y01-HD-7022] NR 42 TC 140 Z9 142 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 100 IS 6 BP 1148 EP 1158 AR PII S0029-7844(02)02502-4 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(02)02502-4 PG 11 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 620GX UT WOS:000179526600003 PM 12468157 ER PT J AU MacDorman, MF Minino, AM Strobino, DM Guyer, B AF MacDorman, MF Minino, AM Strobino, DM Guyer, B TI Annual summary of vital statistics - 2001 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; birth weight-specific mortality; death; infant mortality; low birth weight; mortality; multiple births; vital statistics; International Classification of Diseases; 10th Revision; year 2001 population ID PRETERM BIRTH; RISK; MORTALITY; PREGNANCY; DELIVERY AB The number of births, the crude birth rate (14.5 in 2001), and the fertility rate (67.2 in 2001) all declined slightly (by 1% or less) from 2000 to 2001. Fertility rates were highest for Hispanic women (107.4), followed by Native American (70.7), Asian or Pacific Islander (69.4), black (69.3), and non-Hispanic white women (58.0). During the early to mid 1990s, fertility declined for non-Hispanic white, black, and American Indian women. Rates for these population groups have changed relatively little since 1995; however, fertility has increased for Asian or Pacific Islander and Hispanic women. The birth rate for teen mothers continued to fall, dropping 5% from 2000 to 2001 to 45.9 births per 1000 females aged 15 to 19 years, another record low. The teen birth rate has fallen 26% since 1991; declines were more rapid (35%) for younger teens aged 15 to 17 years than for older teens aged 18 to 19 years (20%). The proportion of all births to unmarried women remained about the same at one-third. Smoking during pregnancy continued to decline; smoking rates were highest among teen mothers. The use of timely prenatal care increased slightly to 83.4% in 2001. From 1990 to 2001, the use of timely prenatal care increased by 6% (to 88.5%) for non-Hispanic white women, by 23% (to 74.5%) for black women, and by 26% (to 75.7%) for Hispanic women. The number and rate of twin births continued to rise, but the triplet/+ birth rate declined for the second year in a row. For the first year in almost a decade, the preterm birth rate declined (to 11.6%); however, the low birth weight rate was unchanged at 7.6%. The total cesarean delivery rate jumped 7% from 2000 to 2001 to 24.4% of all births, the highest level reported since these data became available on birth certificates (1989). The primary cesarean rate rose 5%, whereas the rate of vaginal birth after a previous cesarean delivery tumbled 20%. In 2001, the provisional infant mortality rate was 6.9 per 1000 live births, the same as in 2000. Racial differences in infant mortality remain a major public health concern, with the rate for infants of black mothers 2.5 times those for infants of non-Hispanic white or Hispanic mothers. In 2000, 66% of all infant deaths occurred among the 7.6% of infants born low birth weight. Among all states, Maine and Massachusetts had the lowest infant mortality rates. The United States continues to rank poorly in international comparisons of infant mortality. The provisional death rate in 2001 was 8.7 deaths per 1000 population, the same as the 2000 final rate. In 2000, unintentional injuries and homicide remained the leading and second-leading causes of death for children I to 19 years of age, although the death rate for homicide decreased by 10% from 1999 to 2000. Among unintentional injuries to children, two-thirds were motor vehicle-related; among homicides, two-thirds were firearm-related. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP MacDorman, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 820, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 49 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 BP 1037 EP 1052 DI 10.1542/peds.110.6.1037 PG 16 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 620TU UT WOS:000179549200016 PM 12456898 ER PT J AU Winter, S Autry, A Boyle, C Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Winter, S Autry, A Boyle, C Yeargin-Allsopp, M TI Trends in the prevalence of cerebral palsy in a population-based study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE cerebral palsy; epidemiology; trends; prevalence; developmental disability ID CHANGING PANORAMA; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; SWEDEN; MORTALITY; INFANTS; SURVIVAL; ORIGIN; BORN AB Objective. To determine trends in the prevalence of congenital cerebral palsy (CP) over a 16-year period for 1-year survivors using a large, population-based surveillance program. Methods. We determined birth weight-specific trends in the prevalence of CP in live birth and 1-year survivor cohorts of children in a 5-county metropolitan Atlanta area for the periods from 1975-1977, 1981-1985, and 1986-1991. We ascertained children with CP in metropolitan Atlanta by record review as part of an ongoing developmental disability surveillance program conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Georgia Department of Human Resources. A total of 110, 262, and 443 cases of congenital CP were identified for the birth years 1975-1977, 1981-1985, and 1986-1991, respectively. Data were analyzed by birth weight, race, subtypes of CP, and whether the CP existed as an isolated disability or was accompanied by another disability. Results. There was a modest increase in the overall prevalence of congenital CP from 1.7 to 2.0 per 1000 1-year survivors during the period from 1975-1991. This trend was primarily attributable to a slight increase in CP in infants of normal birth weight-CP rates in moderately low and very low birth weight infants did not show consistent trends. There was an increase in the proportion of children who had CP and no other disabilities that was most apparent in infants of normal birth weight from 17% in 19754977 to 39% in 1986-1991. For children weighing <1500 g, the proportion of children with spastic diplegic CP increased over time (7% of cases in 1975-1977, 36% in 1985-1988, and 32% in 1986-1991). Conclusions. In the only ongoing population-based study of CP in the United States, there has been a modest increase in the prevalence of CP in 1-year survivors born from 1975-1991. This increase however was seen only in infant survivors of normal birth weight. No change was seen in the trends in CP prevalence in low birth weight and very low birth weight infant based on infant survivors. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Winter, S (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Colombus Childrens Hosp, Div Behav Dev Pediat, 700 Childrens Dr, Columbus, OH 43205 USA. NR 25 TC 178 Z9 190 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 BP 1220 EP 1225 DI 10.1542/peds.110.6.1220 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 620TU UT WOS:000179549200040 PM 12456922 ER PT J AU Pool, V Braun, MM Kelso, JM Mootrey, G Chen, RT Yunginger, JW Jacobson, RM Gargiullo, PM AF Pool, V Braun, MM Kelso, JM Mootrey, G Chen, RT Yunginger, JW Jacobson, RM Gargiullo, PM CA VAERS Team TI Prevalence of anti-gelatin IgE antibodies in people with anaphylaxis after measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in the United States SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE anaphylaxis; gelatin; measles-mumps-rubella vaccine; VAERS; vaccine adverse reactions ID IMMEDIATE-TYPE REACTIONS; REPORTING-SYSTEM VAERS; ADVERSE EVENTS; VARICELLA VACCINE; NEOMYCIN ALLERGY; EGG ALLERGY; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; DIPHTHERIA; JAPAN AB Objective. Anaphylaxis after immunization, although rare, is serious and potentially life-threatening. Understanding risk factors for this reaction is therefore important. Gelatin is added to many vaccines as a heat stabilizer. Japanese researchers have demonstrated a strong association between immediate hypersensitivity reactions to measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, and Japanese encephalitis immunizations and subsequent detection of anti-gelatin immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. They suggested that previous receipt by these patients of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccines with trace amounts of gelatin was responsible for the sensitization. We aimed to assess whether a similar association exists for vaccinees in the United States who reported anaphylaxis after receipt of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) or measles vaccines and to review recent trends in reporting of hypersensitivity reactions. Methods. We conducted a retrospective case-control study. Cases of anaphylaxis that met a predefined case definition were identified from the US Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). Mayo Clinic patients who received MMR vaccine uneventfully served as controls. The study subjects were interviewed to obtain the history of allergies. Sera from study subjects and their matched controls were tested for IgE antibodies to gelatin, whole egg, and vaccine viral antigens using solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Data from the Biologics Surveillance System on annual numbers of doses of MMR and varicella vaccines distributed in the United States were used to evaluate possible changes in reporting of selected allergic adverse events. Results. Fifty-seven study subjects were recruited into the study and interviewed. Of these, 22 provided serum samples for IgE testing. Twenty-seven subjects served as a comparison group and provided a sample for IgE testing; 21 of these completed an allergy history questionnaire. Self-reported history of food allergies was present more frequently in the interviewed study subjects than in the controls, whereas the proportions of people with other characteristics were similar in both groups. None of the interviewed people had a history of food allergy to gelatin. The level of anti-gelatin IgE antibodies was significantly higher among study subjects than among controls, whereas the levels of IgE antibodies against egg and all 3 viral antigens did not differ significantly. Of 22 study subjects, 6 (27%) tested positive for anti-gelatin IgE, whereas none of the 27 controls did. The rate of anaphylactic reactions reported to VAERS after measles virus-containing immunization in the United States between 1991 and 1997 is 1.8 per 1 million doses distributed. No substantial increase in the number of reported allergic events after frequently used gelatin containing MMR and varicella vaccines could be observed during the first 4 years (1997-2000) since the introduction of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccines for use in infancy. Conclusion. Anaphylactic reactions to MMR in the United States are rare. The reporting rate has the same order of magnitude as estimates from other countries. Almost one fourth of patients with reported anaphylaxis after MMR seem to have hypersensitivity to gelatin in the vaccine. They may be at higher risk of developing anaphylaxis to subsequent doses of other gelatin-containing vaccines. These people should seek an allergy evaluation before such immunization. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. USN, Dept Internal Med, Div Allergy, Med Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Allerg Dis Res Lab, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Mayo Vaccine Res Grp, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. CDCP, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pool, V (reprint author), CDCP, Vaccine Safety & Dev Activ, Natl Immunizat Program, Mail Stop E-61,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 AR e71 DI 10.1542/peds.110.6.e71 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 620TU UT WOS:000179549200006 PM 12456938 ER PT J AU Schaffer, SJ Szilagyi, PG Shone, LP Ambrose, SJ Dunn, MK Barth, RD Edwards, K Weinberg, GA Balter, S Schwartz, B AF Schaffer, SJ Szilagyi, PG Shone, LP Ambrose, SJ Dunn, MK Barth, RD Edwards, K Weinberg, GA Balter, S Schwartz, B TI Physician perspectives regarding pneumococcal conjugate vaccine SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE pneumococcus; vaccine; vaccination; immunization ID HEPATITIS-B IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; VARICELLA; EFFICACY; DISEASE AB Objectives. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was first licensed for routine administration to young children in February 2000. The objective of this study was to assess physician perspectives about the use of PCV, to ascertain which children were being given the vaccine soon after licensure, and to determine how the addition of PCV to the schedule of recommended childhood vaccines may affect the timing of other vaccinations. Methods. A 30-item survey containing questions about the use of PCV was sent to all pediatricians and family physicians who provide primary care to young children in Monroe County (Rochester, NY) and Davidson County (Nashville, TN) in October 2000. As many as 3 subsequent mailings were sent to nonresponders. Descriptive and chi(2) statistical analyses and logistic regression were used to evaluate the responses. Results. Response rates were 82% in Rochester and 78% in Nashville. Eighty-two percent of responding physicians, including 92% of pediatricians and 55% of family physicians, indicated that they were giving PCV to their patients at the time of the survey. Sixty percent noted that an initial lack of insurance reimbursement for the cost of the vaccine caused them to delay introducing PCV. Fifty-one percent delayed initially offering the vaccine to any of their patients because the Vaccines for Children (VFC) program did not begin to offer PCV until several months later. The vast majority routinely vaccinated healthy children who are younger than 2 years as well as older children who had defined chronic medical conditions that put them at high risk of invasive pneumococcal disease. Fewer than 15% were recalling patients for PCV, with most recall efforts focused on patients who had chronic medical conditions. When discussing PCV with parents, 78% of physicians primarily emphasized the vaccine's potential to decrease the risk of sepsis and/or meningitis, whereas smaller percentages primarily emphasized the vaccine's potential to decrease the risk of pneumonia or ear infections. Approximately 20% of physicians who gave PCV delayed other vaccinations (primarily varicella vaccine, hepatitis B vaccine, or polio vaccine) because of concern about administering 4 or more vaccines simultaneously. Similarly, 40% of physicians indicated that they considered PCV to be more important than varicella vaccine or hepatitis B vaccine, whereas 26% percent considered PCV to be more important than polio vaccine. Conclusions. PCV has been widely accepted by physicians in both Rochester and Nashville. However, many physicians delayed introducing the vaccine for reasons that were ultimately related to financial considerations. For privately insured patients, delays were related to when coverage for PCV was added to benefit packages. For patients who receive publicly purchased vaccine via the VFC program, delays were related to availability of the vaccine through the VFC program. In addition, after the introduction of PCV, some physicians began delaying the administration of other vaccines because of the need to give multiple vaccinations simultaneously. Although lack of insurance or VFC coverage and concerns about multiple simultaneous injections may somewhat delay the initial use of newly recommended vaccines, physicians rapidly begin to provide new vaccines that they believe to be beneficial once those vaccines are incorporated into existing payment mechanisms. C1 Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, New Vaccine Surveillance Network, Sch Med & Dent, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Pediat, Nashville, TN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schaffer, SJ (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Dept Pediat, Sch Med & Dent, 601 Elmwood Ave,Box 777, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U38YCCU217969-01] NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2002 VL 110 IS 6 AR e68 DI 10.1542/peds.110.6.e68 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 620TU UT WOS:000179549200003 PM 12456935 ER PT J AU Wise, RP Braun, MM Seward, JF Mootrey, GT Shields, KE Salive, ME Krause, PR AF Wise, RP Braun, MM Seward, JF Mootrey, GT Shields, KE Salive, ME Krause, PR TI Pharmacoepidemiologic implications of erroneous varicella vaccinations in pregnancy through confusion with Varicella zoster immune globulin SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE varicella vaccine; pregnancy registry; safety surveillance; medical error; product confusion ID INFECTION AB A series of case reports to the varicella vaccine Pregnancy Registry described inadvertent administrations during pregnancy of this live virus product instead of the intended Varicella zoster immune globulin. Cases continued to accrue despite an early publication about the pattern. The persistent problem warrants specific educational efforts to prevent further repetitions. It also has more general implications for medical product safety surveillance. First, this problem's original detection depended on the Pregnancy Registry's open-ended collection of information about pregnancy exposures. It could have escaped recognition through surveillance limited to pre specified potential risks. This need for unrestricted reporting and human vigilance to sift through case stories has particular relevance for efforts to re-think methods to monitor gestational drug exposures. In addition, the problem's persistence despite initial publicity suggests that diligent surveillance may require continued follow-up of identified safety issues. Periodic reassessments of selected preventable problems might strengthen efforts to minimize product risks. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, CBER, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. US FDA, Lab DNA Viruses, Div Viral Prod, Off Vaccines Res & Review,CBER, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Merck Res Labs, Worldwide Prod Safety & Epidemiol, W Point, PA USA. CDC, Vaccine Safety & Div Act, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, NIP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wise, RP (reprint author), US FDA, Div Epidemiol, Off Biostat & Epidemiol, CBER, HFM-225,1401 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. OI Krause, Philip/0000-0002-1045-7536 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 11 IS 8 BP 651 EP 654 DI 10.1002/pds.749 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 627LD UT WOS:000179933900005 PM 12512240 ER PT J AU Radimer, KL AF Radimer, KL TI Measurement of household food security in the USA and other industrialised countries SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Dietary Assessment Methods CY SEP 17-20, 2000 CL TUCSON, ARIZONA DE food insecurity; food insufficiency; hunger; measurement ID HUNGER; INSECURITY; INDICATORS AB Objective: To describe the history and current status of household food security measurement. Conclusions: In the 1980s evidence of rising levels of hunger was a concern for many, but disputed by some, Americans. Acknowledgement and quantification of hunger was hindered by the lack of an accepted definition and measure of hunger. Qualitative research at Cornell provided a conceptual framework, description, definition and survey items for hunger. The Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project developed an instrument used in numerous communities. Based upon these initiatives, widely accepted definitions of hunger and food insecurity, and the US Household Food Security Module for its measurement, now exist. The module classifies households as food-secure, or food-insecure without hunger or with moderate or severe hunger, and contains household-, adult- and child-referent items. Its inclusion in the Current Population Survey (CPS) since 1995 has yielded annual estimates of food insecurity. A six-item short form of the module, for surveys with severe time constraints, classifies households only as food-secure or food-insecure without or with hunger and contains no child-specific items. Surveys using the 18-item or short-form module can compare results with published national data from the CPS. Information about the module is available at http://www.ers.usda. gov/briefing/foodsecurity and http://www.fns.usda/fsec. Current research on food security measurement includes measurement of individual food insecurity and hunger, module performance regarding hunger duration and frequency, performance of the module in population sub-groups, and the effect of translations on module meaning and performance. National surveys in Canada, New Zealand and Australia also have measured food security. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Radimer, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 24 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 11 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 5 IS 6A SI SI BP 859 EP 864 DI 10.1079/PHN2002385 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 652VT UT WOS:000181402100007 PM 12633509 ER PT J AU Losch, ME Maitland, A Lutz, G Mariolis, P Gleason, SC AF Losch, ME Maitland, A Lutz, G Mariolis, P Gleason, SC TI The effect of time of year of data collection on sample efficiency - An analysis of behavioral risk factor surveillance survey data SO PUBLIC OPINION QUARTERLY LA English DT Article ID NONRESPONSE; TELEPHONE C1 Univ No Iowa, Ctr Social & Behav Res, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. RP Losch, ME (reprint author), Univ No Iowa, Ctr Social & Behav Res, Cedar Falls, IA 50614 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0033-362X J9 PUBLIC OPIN QUART JI Public Opin. Q. PD WIN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 4 BP 594 EP 607 DI 10.1086/343864 PG 14 WC Communication; Political Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Communication; Government & Law; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 632MH UT WOS:000180226700004 ER PT J AU Neton, J Wenzl, T Cardarelli, J Utterback, D AF Neton, J Wenzl, T Cardarelli, J Utterback, D TI Retrospective exposure assessment for radiological technologists SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Statistical-Association Conference on Radiation and Health CY JUN 23-26, 2002 CL DEERFIELD BEACH, FLORIDA SP American Statist Assoc C1 NIOSH, Off Compensat Anal & Support, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Neton, J (reprint author), NIOSH, Off Compensat Anal & Support, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 158 IS 6 BP 804 EP 805 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 622YQ UT WOS:000179676000036 ER PT J AU Cardarelli, JJ Spitz, HB Rice, C Buncher, CR Elson, H Succop, P Daniels, RD Kubale, T AF Cardarelli, JJ Spitz, HB Rice, C Buncher, CR Elson, H Succop, P Daniels, RD Kubale, T TI Evaluation of work-related medical X rays in epidemiological studies of nuclear workers SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Statistical-Association Conference on Radiation and Health CY JUN 23-26, 2002 CL DEERFIELD BEACH, FLORIDA SP American Statist Assoc C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs R44, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Kettering Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Barrett Canc Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. RP Cardarelli, JJ (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs R44, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 158 IS 6 BP 807 EP 808 PG 2 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 622YQ UT WOS:000179676000038 ER PT J AU Schubauer-Berigan, MK AF Schubauer-Berigan, MK TI Medical radiation exposures in occupational studies: Discussion SO RADIATION RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Statistical-Association Conference on Radiation and Health CY JUN 23-26, 2002 CL DEERFIELD BEACH, FLORIDA SP American Statist Assoc ID NUCLEAR C1 NIOSH, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schubauer-Berigan, MK (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Related Energy Res Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS-R44, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU RADIATION RESEARCH SOC PI OAK BROOK PA 820 JORIE BOULEVARD, OAK BROOK, IL 60523 USA SN 0033-7587 J9 RADIAT RES JI Radiat. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 158 IS 6 BP 808 EP 808 PG 1 WC Biology; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Biophysics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 622YQ UT WOS:000179676000039 ER PT J AU Basak, SC Mills, D Hawkins, DM El-Masri, HA AF Basak, SC Mills, D Hawkins, DM El-Masri, HA TI Prediction of tissue-air partition coefficients: A comparison of structure-based and property-based methods SO SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in Environmental Sciences (QSAR 2002) CY MAY 25-29, 2002 CL OTTAWA, CANADA DE tissue-air partition coefficient; PBPK model; theoretical molecular descriptors; ridge regression; hierarchical QSAR (HiQSAR) ID HIERARCHICAL QSAR APPROACH; TOPOLOGICAL INDEXES; MOLECULAR GRAPHS; VAPOR-PRESSURE; PARAMETERS; LIPOPHILICITY; SIMILARITY; CHEMICALS; MUTAGENICITY; DESCRIPTORS AB Three linear regression methods were used to develop models for the prediction of rat tissue-air partition coefficient (P). In general, ridge regression (RR) was found to be superior to principal component regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLS). A set of 46 diverse low molecular-weight volatile chemicals was used to model fat-air, liver-air and muscle-air partition coefficients for male Fischer 344 rats. Comparisons were made between models developed using descriptors based solely on molecular structure and those developed using experimental properties, including saline-air and olive oil-air partition coefficients, as independent variables, indicating that the structure-property correlations are comparable to the property-property correlations. Multiple structure-based models were developed utilizing various classes of structural descriptors based on level of complexity, i.e. topostructural (TS), topochemical (TC), 3-dimensional (3D) and calculated octanol-water partition coefficient. In most cases, the structure-based models developed using only the TC descriptors were found to be superior to those developed using other structural descriptor classes. Haloalkane subgroups were modeled separately for comparative purposes, and although models based on the congeneric compounds were superior, the models developed on the complete sets of diverse compounds were acceptable. Comparisons were also made with respect to the types of descriptors important for partitioning across the various media. C1 Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Stat, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Computat Toxicol Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Basak, SC (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Nat Resources Res Inst, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811 USA. NR 51 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1062-936X J9 SAR QSAR ENVIRON RES JI SAR QSAR Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 13 IS 7-8 BP 649 EP 665 DI 10.1080/1062936021000043409 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Environmental Sciences; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Computer Science; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Toxicology GA 611UN UT WOS:000179036300003 PM 12570043 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Rosenman, K Socie, E Valiante, D AF Steenland, K Rosenman, K Socie, E Valiante, D TI Silicosis and end-stage renal disease SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF WORK ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE kidney; linkage study; silica ID KIDNEY-DISEASE; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; COHORT AB Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of renal disease among workers with silicosis. Methods A population of 1328 workers with definite silicosis and adequate work history information, drawn from three states with silicosis surveillance systems, was followed. Renal disease was ascertained via linkage of the cohort with a United States register (which has existed since 1977) of end-stage renal disease. Results In the first analysis, it was assumed that the risk of end-stage renal disease began upon exposure to silica. In this analysis 12 cases of end-stage renal disease were found versus 15.6 expected, for a rate ratio of 0.77. Four cases of glomerular end-stage renal disease were found (standardized incidence ratio 2.65, 95% confidence interval 0.56-5.25). It is possible that some persons with end-stage renal disease died before being entered into the silicosis registers. In a second analysis, person-time at risk was assumed to begin at the date of entry into the silicosis register. A rate ratio of 1.67 (95% confidence interval 0.76-3.17) was found for end-stage renal disease on the basis of nine observed cases. Conclusions The results do not clearly show that patients with silicosis have an excess of end-state renal disease, although they do suggest an excess of glomerular end-stage renal disease. Analyses were limited by small numbers and possible selection biases. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 15 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCAND J WORK ENV HEALTH PI HELSINKI PA TOPELIUKSENKATU 41A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 0355-3140 J9 SCAND J WORK ENV HEA JI Scand. J. Work Environ. Health PD DEC PY 2002 VL 28 IS 6 BP 439 EP 442 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 633NM UT WOS:000180289400009 PM 12539804 ER PT J AU Wang, LY Burstein, GR Cohen, DA AF Wang, LY Burstein, GR Cohen, DA TI An economic evaluation of a school-based sexually transmitted disease screening program SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; WOMEN; INFECTIONS; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE AB Background: A school-based sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening program was implemented in eight New Orleans public high schools to detect chlamydia and gonorrhea. Goal: The goal was to assess the incremental cost-effectiveness of replacing non-school-based screening with the school-based screening program. Study Design: A decision-analysis model was constructed to compare costs and cases of expected pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in the school-based screening scenario versus a non-school-based screening scenario. Cost-effectiveness was quantified and measured as cost per case of PID prevented. Results: Under base-case assumptions, at an intervention cost of $86,449, the school screening program prevented an estimated 38 cases of PID, as well as $119,866 in treatment costs for PID and its sequelae, resulting in savings of $1524 per case of PID prevented. Results remained cost-saving over a reasonable range of model parameter estimates. Conclusions: The New Orleans school-based chlamydia screening program was cost-effective and cost-saving and could be cost-effective in other settings. School-based screening programs of this type are likely to be a cost-effective use of public funds and can reduce the burden of STDs among adolescents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. RP Wang, LY (reprint author), NCCDPHP, DASH, Surveillance & Envaluat Res Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-33, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 BP 737 EP 745 DI 10.1097/00007435-200212000-00001 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 623AX UT WOS:000179681800001 PM 12466713 ER PT J AU Finelli, L Farley, TP Gibson, JJ Langley, C Hwang, LY Levine, WC AF Finelli, L Farley, TP Gibson, JJ Langley, C Hwang, LY Levine, WC TI Prevalence monitoring in syphilis surveillance results from a multicenter research program SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background: Syphilis seroprevalence data can be used as an independent measure of syphilis trends and to augment syphilis case report data for program planning. The prevalence of reactive syphilis serology in jails, delivery rooms, and drug treatment centers was examined from 1995 to 1999. Prevalence was evaluated by age and gender at each site and compared with county primary and secondary syphilis case rates. Annual prevalence of high titer-reactive serology in jails was compared with primary and secondary syphilis case rates. Goal: The goal was to examine trends in syphilis seroprevalence and to evaluate the relationship of trends in seroprevalence to reported cases. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional survey. Results: Prevalence of reactive serology and high titer-reactive serology was lowest among women in delivery rooms (2.9% and 0.4%, respectively) and highest among women in jails (11.1% and 4.1%, respectively), indicating substantial recently treated or active infection among women in jails. Trends in high titer-reactive serology were similar to primary and secondary syphilis case rates. Conclusion: The prevalence of high titer-reactive serology can provide valuable information about community syphilis morbidity for use in prevention and control programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, New Orleans, LA USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Finelli, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiol Branch, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.1097/00007435-200212000-00006 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 623AX UT WOS:000179681800006 PM 12466718 ER PT J AU Aral, SO St Lawrence, JS AF Aral, SO St Lawrence, JS TI The ecology of sex work and drug use in Saratov Oblast, Russia SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FEDERATION; EPIDEMICS; SYPHILIS; HIV AB Background: The Russian Federation is experiencing epidemics of drug-injection-associated HIV infection and high rates of syphilis and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Goal: The goal of the study was to present the results of a rapid assessment focusing on sex workers (SWs) and drug users that was conducted in the Saratov Oblast in May 2000. Study Design: We used four data-collection techniques during this rapid assessment: review of available literature; in-depth interviews; naturalistic observations; and focus group discussions. Results: Sex work in Saratov/Engels is more differentiated, with more categories of SWs, pimps with well-defined functions, and clearly formed escort services. In Balakovo, sex work is confined to individual women who are working as freelancers, most of whom are drug users. In the past 2 years, the drug of choice has shifted to heroin. The potential epidemiologic impact of sex work on the general population is defined in terms of the number of SW contacts per 100,000 population per year, which ranges from 32,800 to 730,000. Further elaboration of this simple measure is discussed. Conclusion: Our understanding of core group structure and characteristics, core-periphery contacts, and the impact of these on the spread of STI needs to be enhanced; comparative empirical data on such parameters need to be collected across societies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,M-S E06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 BP 798 EP 805 DI 10.1097/00007435-200212000-00011 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 623AX UT WOS:000179681800011 PM 12466723 ER PT J AU Mertz, KJ Voigt, RA Hutchins, K Levine, WFC AF Mertz, KJ Voigt, RA Hutchins, K Levine, WFC CA Jail Std Prevalence Monitoring Grp TI Findings from STD screening of adolescents and adults entering corrections facilities - Implications for STD control strategies SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Background: Persons entering corrections facilities are at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) because of risky sexual behavior and lack of access to routine screening. Goal: The goal of the study was to develop a national picture of STD prevalence in this population. Study Design: We analyzed information on age, race/ethnicity, urethral symptoms (men only), and test results for approximately 85,000 chlamydia, 157,000 gonorrhea, and 293,000 syphilis tests for persons entering 23 jails and 12 juvenile detention centers in 13 US counties from 1996 through 1999. Results: At adult jails in nine counties, the median percentage of persons with reactive syphilis tests by county was 8.2% (range, 0.3-23.8%) for women and 2.5% (range, 1.0 -7.8%) for men. At juvenile detention facilities in five counties, the median positivity for chlamydial infection was 15.6% (range, 8.0-19.5%) for adolescent girls and 7.6% (range, 2.8-8.9%) for adolescent boys; the median positivity for gonorrhea was 5.2% (range, 3.4-10.0%) for adolescent girls and 0.9% (range, 0.7-2.6%) for adolescent boys. Of adolescent boys testing positive for chlamydial infection at three juvenile facilities, approximately 97% did not report symptoms; of adolescent boys positive for gonorrhea, 93% did not report symptoms. Conclusion: STD positivity among persons entering corrections facilities is high. Most chlamydial and gonococcal infections are asymptomatic and would not be detected without routine screening. Monitoring the prevalence of STDs in this population is useful for planning STD prevention activities in corrections facilities and elsewhere in the community. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mertz, KJ (reprint author), Georgia Div Publ Hlth, 2 Peachtree St NW,Suite 14-293, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 12 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2002 VL 29 IS 12 BP 834 EP 839 DI 10.1097/00007435-200212000-00016 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 623AX UT WOS:000179681800016 PM 12466728 ER PT J AU Davis, KG Marras, WS Heaney, CA Waters, TR Gupta, P AF Davis, KG Marras, WS Heaney, CA Waters, TR Gupta, P TI The impact of mental processing and pacing on spine loading - 2002 Volvo Award in Biomechanics SO SPINE LA English DT Review DE psychosocial; biomechanics; lifting; mental concentration ID LOW-BACK-PAIN; EMG-ASSISTED MODEL; PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK-FACTORS; REPETITIVE LIFTING TEST; JOB DECISION LATITUDE; MAGICAL NUMBER 7; LUMBAR SPINE; WORK-ENVIRONMENT; MUSCULOSKELETAL SYMPTOMS; WORKPLACE FACTORS AB Study Design. The impact of various levels of mental processing and pacing (during lifting) on spine loading was monitored under laboratory conditions. Objectives. To explore how mental demands and pacing influence the biomechanical response and subsequent spine loading and, to determine whether individual characteristics have a modifying role in the responses. Summary of Background Data. Modern work often requires rapid physical exertions along with demands of mental processing (both psychosocial stressors). While the effect of physical workplace factors on spine loading has been widely documented, few studies have investigated the impact that interaction of psychosocial factors and individual factors has on spine loads. Methods. For this study, 60 subjects lifted boxes while completing two types of mental processing tasks: 1) series tasks with decisions occurring before the act of lifting and 2) simultaneous tasks with decisions occurring concurrently with the lift. For both of these mental processing conditions, two intensities of mental load were evaluated simple and complex. Task pacing was also adjusted under slow and fast conditions. Finally, individual characteristics (personality and gender) were evaluated as potential modifiers. An electromyographically assisted model evaluated the three-dimensional spine loads under the experimental conditions. Results. Simultaneous mental processing had the largest impact on the spine loads with the complex intensity resulting in increases of 160 N with lateral shear, 80 N with anteroposterior shear, and 700 N with compression. Increased task pace produced greater lateral shear (by 20 N), anteroposterior shear (by 60 N), and compression loads (by 410 N). Gender and personality also influenced loadings by as much as 17%. Conclusions. Mental processing stress acted as a catalyst for the biomechanical responses, leading to intensified spine loading. Mental stress appeared to occur as a function of time pressures on task performance and resulted in less controlled movements and increases in trunk muscle coactivation. These adjustments significantly increased spine loading. These results suggest a potential mechanism for the increase in low back pain risk resulting from psychosocial stress caused by modern work demands. C1 Ohio State Univ, Biodynam Lab, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Ohio State Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Chicago, Sect Orthopaed Surg & Rehabil Med, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Marras, WS (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Biodynam Lab, 1971 Neil Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 119 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0362-2436 J9 SPINE JI SPINE PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 27 IS 23 BP 2645 EP 2653 DI 10.1097/00007632-200212010-00003 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Orthopedics SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Orthopedics GA 623AE UT WOS:000179680000002 PM 12461390 ER PT J AU Austin, H Chimowitz, M Hill, HA Chaturvedi, S Wechsler, LR Wityk, RJ Walz, E Wilterdink, JL Coull, B Sila, CA Mitsias, P Evatt, B Hooper, WC Genetics Stroke Young Study Grp AF Austin, H Chimowitz, M Hill, HA Chaturvedi, S Wechsler, LR Wityk, RJ Walz, E Wilterdink, JL Coull, B Sila, CA Mitsias, P Evatt, B Hooper, WC Genetics Stroke Young Study Grp TI Cryptogenic stroke in relation to genetic variation in clotting factors and other genetic polymorphisms among young men and women SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE coagulation; factor V; genetics; stroke ID TISSUE-PLASMINOGEN-ACTIVATOR; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME; COAGULATION-FACTOR-V; OXIDE SYNTHASE GENE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ISCHEMIC STROKE; DELETION POLYMORPHISM; RISK FACTOR; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM AB Background and Purpose-The purpose of the present study was to compare the prevalences of genetic polymorphisms in persons with cryptogenic stroke with those among stroke patients with evidence of large-artery occlusive disease or an unequivocal cardioembolic source (noncryptogenic stroke). Methods-We compared the prevalences of genetic polymorphisms thought to be related to thrombi formation in young stroke patients with evidence of large-artery occlusive disease or an unequivocal cardioembolic source (noncryptogenic stroke; controls; n=79) with those in young stroke patients without such sources (cryptogenic stroke; cases; n=67). Common variations in the genes encoding factor V, prothrombin, angiotensin I-converting enzyme, 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and fibrinogen were evaluated. We also compared the allele prevalence of these genes among all stroke patients with those among a large pool of historical controls assayed for these genes. Results-None of these genetic polymorphisms was statistically significantly related to cryptogenic stroke. With respect to a comparison of all ischemic stroke with historical controls, only the prevalence of tissue plasminogen activator D allele among stroke subjects was statistically significantly higher than that of the historical controls (P=0.0014). Conclusions-These findings generally do not support the hypothesis that genes associated with a prothrombotic state are risk factors among a subgroup of young people with stroke of undetermined cause. Except for the D tissue plasminogen activator allele, the findings also indicated that these genetic factors are unrelated, or only weakly related, to all ischemic stroke. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Detroit, MI USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Detroit, MI USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Med Ctr, Stroke Inst, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ohio State Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Neurol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Dept Neurol, Providence, RI USA. Univ Arizona, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Neurol, Tucson, AZ USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. Henry Ford Hosp, Dept Neurol, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Austin, H (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 37 TC 41 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD DEC PY 2002 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2762 EP 2768 DI 10.1161/01.STR.0000038094.79901.3B PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 625QL UT WOS:000179827100013 PM 12468767 ER PT J AU Summerbell, RC Weitzman, I Padhye, AA AF Summerbell, RC Weitzman, I Padhye, AA TI The Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex: biological species and mating type prevalences of North American isolates, and a review of the worldwide distribution and host associations of species and mating types. SO STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER-1; AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA; ARTHRODERMA-BENHAMIAE; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; PHYLOGENETIC CLASSIFICATION; VAR INTERDIGITALE; PERFECT STATE; RIBOSOMAL-DNA; T-RUBRUM; IDENTIFICATION AB Previous studies of the distribution of biological species or potentially interbreeding pools within the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex have given only a preliminary knowledge of these species in North America. Most such studies have focused on western Europe or Japan, where the teleomorph Arthroderma vanbreuseghemii and corresponding anamorph Trichophyton interdigitale ss. Graser et al. are greatly predominant. T mentagrophytes isolates (n = 138) from three North American centres, however, when crossed with tester isolates of A. vanbreuseghemii and the Americano-European and African races of Arthroderma benhamiae, yielded 12 isolates fully fertile with Americano-European A. benhamiae and only one interfertile with A. vanbreuseghemii. This predominance of A. benhamiae among fertile isolates is similar to that reported in eastern Europe. A bias towards isolates of (+) mating type from human sources, a phenomenon seen in European and Asian surveys, was also found in the North American isolates, but only among non-mating isolates. The isolates fully fertile with A. benhamiae were mostly of (-) mating type. Three of the isolates mating with A. benhamiae were powdery in macromorphology and matched the historical, pre-phylogenetic concept of T interdigitale. Along with the results of previous eastern European studies, this finding indicates that the name T interdigitale, as currently defined based on molecular studies, cannot be ascribed automatically to all velutinous T mentagrophytes complex isolates from human sources. The nomenclatural status of anamorphs in the T mentagrophytes complex, as outlined in recent phylogenetic studies, is further complicated by the previously reported full fertility of T mentagrophytes var. quinckeanum isolates, currently corresponding to the neotypified T mentagrophytes ss. stricto, with A. benhamiae. This teleomorph was recently stated to have Trichophyton erinacei (sensu lato) as its corresponding anamorph. Analysis of recent literature suggests that zoophilic members of the T mentagrophytes complex normally associate with distinctive host animals, e.g., A. benhamiae with rabbits, guinea pigs and hedgehogs; this may be a factor in regional prevalence rates seen among infected humans. C1 Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Netherlands. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Summerbell, RC (reprint author), Cent Bur Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, Netherlands. NR 64 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 4 PU CENTRAALBUREAU SCHIMMELCULTURE PI BAARN PA PO BOX 273, 3740 AG BAARN, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0616 J9 STUD MYCOL JI Stud. Mycol. PD DEC PY 2002 IS 47 BP 75 EP 86 PG 12 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 699EC UT WOS:000184042100007 ER PT J AU Hubbs, AF Battelli, LA Goldsmith, WT Porter, DW Frazer, D Friend, S Schwegler-Berry, D Mercer, RR Reynolds, JS Grote, A Castranova, V Kullman, G Fedan, JS Dowdy, J Jones, WG AF Hubbs, AF Battelli, LA Goldsmith, WT Porter, DW Frazer, D Friend, S Schwegler-Berry, D Mercer, RR Reynolds, JS Grote, A Castranova, V Kullman, G Fedan, JS Dowdy, J Jones, WG TI Necrosis of nasal and airway epithelium in rats inhaling vapors of artificial butter flavoring SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flavoring; diacetyl; butter; popcorn; lung; nose; bronchitis; airway obstruction ID RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM; SUBSTANCES AB As the result of a high prevalence of fixed airways obstruction in workers at a microwave popcorn manufacturing plant, we examined the hypothesis that vapors of butter flavoring used in the manufacture of microwave popcorn and other foods can produce airway injury in rats. Rats were exposed to vapors liberated from heated butter flavoring. Rats were exposed for 6 h by inhalation and were necropsied 1 day after exposure. The exposure was found by GC-MS analysis to be a complex mixture of various organic gases with the major peaks consisting of diacetyl (2,3-butanedione), acetic acid, acetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone), butyric acid, acetoin dimers, 2-nonanone, and delta-alkyl lactones. Diacetyl was used as a marker of exposure concentration. In the lung, butter flavoring vapors containing 285-371 ppm diacetyl caused multifocal, necrotizing bronchitis, which was most consistently present in the mainstem bronchus. Alveoli were unaffected. Butter flavoring vapors containing 203-371 ppm diacetyl caused necrosuppurative rhinitis, which affected all four levels of the nose. Within the posterior two nasal levels (T3 and T4), necrosis and inflammation was principally localized to the nasopharyngeal duct. Control rats were unaffected. Therefore, concentrations of butter flavoring vapors that can occur during the manufacture of foods are associated with epithelial injury in the nasal passages and pulmonary airways of rats. C1 NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hubbs, AF (reprint author), NIOSH, Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 19 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 1 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 2 BP 128 EP 135 DI 10.1006/taap.2002.9525 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 628FZ UT WOS:000179983500007 PM 12490137 ER PT J AU Holmberg, SD Moorman, AC Williamson, JM Tong, TC Ward, DJ Wood, KC Greenberg, AE Janssen, RS AF Holmberg, SD Moorman, AC Williamson, JM Tong, TC Ward, DJ Wood, KC Greenberg, AE Janssen, RS CA HOPS Investigators TI Protease inhibitors and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with HIV-1 SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; CORONARY-ARTERY DISEASE AB Protease inhibitors for treatment of HIV-1 have been linked with increased risk of hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia. In a cohort of 5672 outpatients with HIV-1 seen at nine US HIV clinics between January, 1993, and January, 2002, the frequency of myocardial infarctions increased after the introduction of protease inhibitors in 1996 (test for trend, p=0.0125). We noted that 19 of 3247 patients taking, but only two of 2425 who did not take, protease inhibitors had a myocardial infarction (odds ratio 7.1, 95% CI 1.6-44.3; Cox proportional hazards model-adjusted for smoking, sex, age, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and hypertension-hazard ratio 6.5, 0.9-47.8). Our findings suggest that, although infrequent, use of protease inhibitors is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction in patients with HIV-1. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dupont Circle Phys Grp, Washington, DC USA. Cerner Corp, McLean, VA USA. RP Holmberg, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 303 Z9 317 U1 0 U2 7 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 30 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9347 BP 1747 EP 1748 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11672-2 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 622FU UT WOS:000179636800014 PM 12480430 ER PT J AU Schrag, SJ Schuchat, A Mohle-Boetani, J AF Schrag, SJ Schuchat, A Mohle-Boetani, J TI Prevention of early-onset group B streptococcal disease in neonates - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94707 USA. RP Schrag, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 28 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 22 BP 1798 EP 1799 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 619GU UT WOS:000179468600014 ER PT J AU Levy, S Mullane, K Miller, M Siva, S Barnes, D Dhaliwal, P Tiwari, SC Julian, KG AF Levy, S Mullane, K Miller, M Siva, S Barnes, D Dhaliwal, P Tiwari, SC Julian, KG CA CDC TI Adverse events associated with 17D-derived yellow fever vaccination - United States, 2001-2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, 989-993, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 St Agnes Med Ctr, Fresno, CA USA. Loyola Univ, Med Ctr, Maywood, IL 60153 USA. Albany Med Coll, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Albany Med Ctr Hosp, Albany, NY 12208 USA. Southview Med Grp, Birmingham, AL USA. Brandon Reg Hosp, Brandon, FL USA. St Dominic Jackson Mem Hosp, Jackson, MS USA. Milton S Hershey Med Ctr, Hershey, PA USA. CDC, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Levy, S (reprint author), St Agnes Med Ctr, Fresno, CA USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 27 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 20 BP 2533 EP 2535 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 618AL UT WOS:000179394500007 ER PT J AU Ye, P Kourtis, AP Kirschner, DE AF Ye, P Kourtis, AP Kirschner, DE TI The effects of different HIV type 1 strains on human thymic function SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SYNCYTIUM-INDUCING PHENOTYPE; BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; THYMOCYTES IN-VIVO; PRODUCTIVE INFECTION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; HIV-1-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; DENDRITIC CELLS; CORECEPTOR USE AB Studies of HIV-1-infected humans indicate that the thymus can be infected by HIV-1. In some of these patients, there is a significant CD4(+) T cell decline and a faster disease progression. This phenomenon is more evident in pediatric patients who depend heavily on their thymus for generation of new T cells. We hypothesize that HIV-1 causes T cell regenerative failure within the thymus, which has a profound impact on disease progression. Building on our established human thymopoiesis model, we include dynamic interactions between different HIV-1 strains (R5 and X4) and thymocytes. Our results predict that thymic infection with different HIV-1 strains induces thymic dysfunction to varying degrees, contributing to differences in disease progression as observed in both HIV-1-infected children and adults. Thymic infection in children is more severe than in adults, particularly during X4 infection. This outcome is likely due to both a higher viral load and a more active thymus in pediatric patients. Our results also indicate that a viral strain switch from R5 to X4 induces further deterioration in thymopoiesis. We predict that both viral and host factors play key roles in controlling thymic infection, including strain virulence and health status of the thymus. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. CDC, CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kirschner, DE (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Barley, Kamal/F-9579-2011 OI Barley, Kamal/0000-0003-1874-9813 FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL62119] NR 71 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 17 BP 1239 EP 1251 DI 10.1089/088922202320886280 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 615CY UT WOS:000179229300001 PM 12487812 ER PT J AU Jay-Russell, M Douglas, J Drenzek, C Stone, J Blythe, D Weltman, A Jones, T Craig, A McQuiston, J Paddock, C Nicholson, W Thompson, HA Zaki, S Wright, J O'Reilly, M Kirschke, D AF Jay-Russell, M Douglas, J Drenzek, C Stone, J Blythe, D Weltman, A Jones, T Craig, A McQuiston, J Paddock, C Nicholson, W Thompson, HA Zaki, S Wright, J O'Reilly, M Kirschke, D CA CDC TI Q Fever - California, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee, 2000-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 924-927, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Calaveras Cty Dept Hlth, San Andreas, CA USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jay-Russell, M (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 19 BP 2398 EP 2400 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 616FB UT WOS:000179292300007 ER PT J AU Gotsch, K Annest, JL Holmgreen, P Gilchrist, J AF Gotsch, K Annest, JL Holmgreen, P Gilchrist, J CA CDC TI Nonfatal choking-related episodes among children - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 945-948, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gotsch, K (reprint author), CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 20 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 19 BP 2400 EP 2402 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 616FB UT WOS:000179292300008 ER PT J AU Gaynes, R AF Gaynes, R TI Health care-associated bloodstream infections: A change in thinking SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS C1 Emory Univ, Healthcare Outcomes Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Prom, CDCP,Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, R (reprint author), Emory Univ, Healthcare Outcomes Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Prom, CDCP,Sch Med, 1600 Clifton Rd Ne,E-55, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 19 PY 2002 VL 137 IS 10 BP 850 EP 851 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 616VE UT WOS:000179323400009 PM 12435223 ER PT J AU Beral, V Hamajima, N Hirose, K Rohan, T Calle, EE Heath, CW Coates, RJ Liff, JM Talamini, R Chantarakul, N Koetsawang, S Rachawat, D Morabia, A Schuman, L Stewart, W Szklo, M Bain, C Schofield, F Siskind, V Band, P Coldman, AJ Gallagher, RP Hislop, TG Yang, P Kolonel, LM Nomura, AMY Hu, J Johnson, KC Mao, Y De Sanjose, S Lee, N Marchbanks, P Ory, HW Peterson, HB Wilson, HG Wingo, PA Ebeling, K Kunde, D Nishan, P Hopper, JL Colditz, G Gajalakshmi, V Martin, N Pardthaisong, T Solpisornkosol, S Theetranont, C Boosiri, B Chutivongse, S Jimakorn, P Virutamasen, P Wongsrichanalai, C Ewertz, M Adami, HO Bergkvist, L Magnusson, C Persson, I Chang-Claude, J Paul, C Skegg, DCG Spears, GFS Boyle, P Evstifeeva, T Daling, JR Hutchinson, WB Malone, K Noonan, EA Stanford, JL Thomas, DB Weiss, NS White, E Andrieu, N Bremond, A Clavel, F Gairard, B Lansac, J Piana, L Renaud, R Izquierdo, A Viladiu, P Cuevas, HR Ontiveros, P Palet, A Salazar, SB Arsitizabal, N Cuadros, A Tryggvadottir, L Tulinius, H Bachelot, A Le, MG Peto, J Franceschi, S Lubin, F Modan, B Ron, E Wax, Y Friedman, GD Hiatt, RA Levi, F Bishop, T Kosmelj, K Primic-Zakelj, M Ravnihar, B Stare, J Beeson, WL Fraser, G Bulbrook, RD Cuzick, J Duffy, SW Fentiman, IS Hayward, JL Wang, DY McMichael, AJ McPherson, K Hanson, RL Leske, MC Mahoney, MC Nasca, PC Varma, AO Weinstein, AL Moller, TR Olsson, H Ranstam, J Goldbohm, RA van den Brandt, PA Apelo, RA Baens, J de la Cruz, JR Javier, B Lacaya, LB Ngelangel, CA La Vecchia, C Negri, E Marubini, E Ferraroni, M Gerber, M Richardson, S Segala, C Gatei, D Kenya, P Kungu, A Mati, JG Brinton, LA Hoover, R Schairer, C Spirtas, R Lee, HP Rookus, MA van Leeuwen, FE Schoenberg, JA McCredie, M Gammon, MD Clarke, EA Jones, L Neil, A Vessey, M Yeates, D Appleby, P Banks, E Bull, D Crossley, B Goodill, A Green, J Hermon, C Key, T Langston, N Lewis, C Reeves, G Collins, R Doll, R Peto, R Mabuchi, K Preston, D Hannaford, P Kay, C Rosero-Bixby, L Gao, YT Jin, F Yuan, JM Wei, HY Yun, T Zhiheng, C Berry, G Cooper Booth, J Jelihovsky, T MacLennan, R Shearman, R Wang, QS Baines, CJ Miller, AB Wall, C Lund, E Stalsberg, H Shu, XO Zheng, W Katsouyanni, K Trichopoulou, A Trichopoulos, D Dabancens, A Martinez, L Molina, R Salas, O Alexander, XE Anderson, K Folsom, AR Hulka, BS Bernstein, L Enger, S Haile, RW Paganini-Hill, A Pike, MC Ross, RK Ursin, G Yu, MC Longnecker, MP Newcomb, P Bergkvist, L Kalache, A Farley, TMM Holck, S Meirik, O AF Beral, V Hamajima, N Hirose, K Rohan, T Calle, EE Heath, CW Coates, RJ Liff, JM Talamini, R Chantarakul, N Koetsawang, S Rachawat, D Morabia, A Schuman, L Stewart, W Szklo, M Bain, C Schofield, F Siskind, V Band, P Coldman, AJ Gallagher, RP Hislop, TG Yang, P Kolonel, LM Nomura, AMY Hu, J Johnson, KC Mao, Y De Sanjose, S Lee, N Marchbanks, P Ory, HW Peterson, HB Wilson, HG Wingo, PA Ebeling, K Kunde, D Nishan, P Hopper, JL Colditz, G Gajalakshmi, V Martin, N Pardthaisong, T Solpisornkosol, S Theetranont, C Boosiri, B Chutivongse, S Jimakorn, P Virutamasen, P Wongsrichanalai, C Ewertz, M Adami, HO Bergkvist, L Magnusson, C Persson, I Chang-Claude, J Paul, C Skegg, DCG Spears, GFS Boyle, P Evstifeeva, T Daling, JR Hutchinson, WB Malone, K Noonan, EA Stanford, JL Thomas, DB Weiss, NS White, E Andrieu, N Bremond, A Clavel, F Gairard, B Lansac, J Piana, L Renaud, R Izquierdo, A Viladiu, P Cuevas, HR Ontiveros, P Palet, A Salazar, SB Arsitizabal, N Cuadros, A Tryggvadottir, L Tulinius, H Bachelot, A Le, MG Peto, J Franceschi, S Lubin, F Modan, B Ron, E Wax, Y Friedman, GD Hiatt, RA Levi, F Bishop, T Kosmelj, K Primic-Zakelj, M Ravnihar, B Stare, J Beeson, WL Fraser, G Bulbrook, RD Cuzick, J Duffy, SW Fentiman, IS Hayward, JL Wang, DY McMichael, AJ McPherson, K Hanson, RL Leske, MC Mahoney, MC Nasca, PC Varma, AO Weinstein, AL Moller, TR Olsson, H Ranstam, J Goldbohm, RA van den Brandt, PA Apelo, RA Baens, J de la Cruz, JR Javier, B Lacaya, LB Ngelangel, CA La Vecchia, C Negri, E Marubini, E Ferraroni, M Gerber, M Richardson, S Segala, C Gatei, D Kenya, P Kungu, A Mati, JG Brinton, LA Hoover, R Schairer, C Spirtas, R Lee, HP Rookus, MA van Leeuwen, FE Schoenberg, JA McCredie, M Gammon, MD Clarke, EA Jones, L Neil, A Vessey, M Yeates, D Appleby, P Banks, E Bull, D Crossley, B Goodill, A Green, J Hermon, C Key, T Langston, N Lewis, C Reeves, G Collins, R Doll, R Peto, R Mabuchi, K Preston, D Hannaford, P Kay, C Rosero-Bixby, L Gao, YT Jin, F Yuan, JM Wei, HY Yun, T Zhiheng, C Berry, G Cooper Booth, J Jelihovsky, T MacLennan, R Shearman, R Wang, QS Baines, CJ Miller, AB Wall, C Lund, E Stalsberg, H Shu, XO Zheng, W Katsouyanni, K Trichopoulou, A Trichopoulos, D Dabancens, A Martinez, L Molina, R Salas, O Alexander, XE Anderson, K Folsom, AR Hulka, BS Bernstein, L Enger, S Haile, RW Paganini-Hill, A Pike, MC Ross, RK Ursin, G Yu, MC Longnecker, MP Newcomb, P Bergkvist, L Kalache, A Farley, TMM Holck, S Meirik, O CA Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer TI Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer - collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58515 women with breast cancer and 95067 women without the disease SO BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast cancer; alcohol; tobacco; smoking; collaborative analysis ID ORAL-CONTRACEPTIVE USE; ITALIAN CASE-CONTROL; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; RISK-FACTORS; YOUNG-WOMEN; BEVERAGE CONSUMPTION; MENOPAUSAL STATUS; SOUTHERN FRANCE; HORMONE USE AB Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19 - 1.45, P < 0.00001) for an intake of 35 - 44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33 - 1.61, P < 0.00001) for greater than or equal to 45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P<0.00001) for each additional 10 g per day intake of alcohol, i.e. for each extra unit or drink of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. This increase was the same in ever-smokers and never-smokers (7.1 % per 10 g per day, P < 0.00001, in each group). By contrast, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer was substantially confounded by the effect of alcohol. When analyses were restricted to 22 255 women with breast cancer and 40 832 controls who reported drinking no alcohol, smoking was not associated with breast cancer (compared to never-smokers, relative risk for ever-smokers= 1.03, 95% CI 0.98 - 1.07, and for current smokers=0.99, 0.92 - 1.05). The results for alcohol and for tobacco did not vary substantially across studies, study designs, or according to 15 personal characteristics of the women; nor were the findings materially confounded by any of these factors. If the observed relationship for alcohol is causal, these results suggest that about 4% of the breast cancers in developed countries are attributable to alcohol. In developing countries, where alcohol consumption among controls averaged only 0.4 g per day, alcohol would have a negligible effect on the incidence of breast cancer. In conclusion, smoking has little or no independent effect on the risk of developing breast cancer; the effect of alcohol on breast cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of its beneficial effects, in moderation, on cardiovascular disease and its harmful effects on cirrhosis and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus and liver. (C) 2002 Cancer Research UK. C1 Radcliffe Infirm, Canc Res UK Epidemiol Unit, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. Aichi Res Inst, Nagoya, Japan. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA USA. Aviano Cancer Ctr, Pordenone, Italy. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. Johns Hopkins Univ, Breast Tumor Collaborat Stud, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. Central Inst Cancer Res, Berlin, Germany. Catalan Inst Oncol, Barcelona, Spain. Univ Melbourne, Ctr Genet Epidemiol, Melbourne, Australia. Chennai Cancer Inst, Madras, India. Chiang Mai Univ, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. Danish Cancer Soc, Aalborg, Denmark. Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol, Stockholm, Sweden. Deutches Krebsforschungszentr, Heidelberg, Germany. Univ Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. Eur Inst Oncol, Milan, Italy. INSERM, French Multictr Breast Stud, Villejuif, France. Girona Cancer Registry, Girona, Spain. Hosp Gen Mexico City, Mexico City, Mexico. Hosp Univ, Cali, Colombia. Icelandic Cancer Soc, Reykjavik, Iceland. INSERM, Inst Gustav Roussey, Villejuif, France. Internatl Agcy Res Cancer, Lyon, France. Israel Chaim Sheba Med Ctr, Tel Hashomer, Israel. Inst Univ Med Soc Prevent, Lausanne, Switzerland. Cancer Res UK Genet Epidemiol Lab, Leeds, England. Inst Oncol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Cancer Res UK Dept Math Statist Epidemiol, London, England. London Sch Hygeine Trop Med, London, England. Univ Hosp, Lund, Sweden. Maastricht Univ, Maastricht, Netherlands. Univ Philippines, Manila, Philippines. Ist Mario Negri, Milan, Italy. Ist Nazionale Tumor, Div Statist Med Biometria, Milan, Italy. Ist Statist Med Biometria, Milan, Italy. Montpellier Cancer Ctr, Montpellier, France. INSERM, Montpellier, France. Nairobi Ctr Res Reproduct, Nairobi, Kenya. Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore, Singapore. Netherlands Cancer Inst, Amsterdam, Netherlands. NSW Cancer Council, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Dpt Publ Health & Primary Care, Oxford, England. Cancer Res UK Epidemiol Unit, Oxford, England. Radiat Effects Res Fdn, Hiroshima, Japan. Royal Coll Gen Practitioners, Oral Contracept Study, London, England. Univ Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica. Shanghai Cancer Inst, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Shanghai Inst Planned Parenthood Res, Shanghai, Peoples R China. Dept Publ Health, Sydney, Australia. Tianjin Cancer Inst, Tianjin, Peoples R China. Dept Publ Health Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Tromso Univ, Tromso, Norway. Univ Athens, Sch Med, Athens, Greece. Univ Chile, Santiago, Chile. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Nottingham, Nottingham, England. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA USA. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Canc Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Channing Lab, Harvard Med Sch, Boston, MA USA. Loma Linda Univ, Loma Linda, CA 92350 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Comprehens Canc Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Canc Res UK MRC BHF, Epidemiol Studies Unit, Oxford, England. Canc Res UK MRC BHF, Clin Trial Serv Unit, Oxford, England. RP Beral, V (reprint author), Radcliffe Infirm, Canc Res UK Epidemiol Unit, Gibson Bldg,Woodstock Rd, Oxford OX2 6HE, England. RI Brinton, Louise/G-7486-2015; Clavel-Chapelon, Francoise/G-6733-2014; Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009; Ferraroni, Monica/D-6548-2017; Ranstam, Jonas/A-4386-2009; Beral, Valerie/B-2979-2013; Negri, Eva/B-7244-2013; Katsouyanni, Klea/D-4856-2014; de Sanjose Llongueras, Silvia/H-6339-2014; Hamajima, Nobuyuki/I-7237-2014; IBIS, GENICA/O-1906-2015; ANDRIEU, Nadine/H-4255-2014 OI Brinton, Louise/0000-0003-3853-8562; Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291; Ferraroni, Monica/0000-0002-4542-4996; Magnusson, Cecilia/0000-0002-8567-6725; Tryggvadottir, Laufey/0000-0001-8067-9030; La Vecchia, Carlo/0000-0003-1441-897X; Longnecker, Matthew/0000-0001-6073-5322; Ranstam, Jonas/0000-0002-8287-7273; Negri, Eva/0000-0001-9712-8526; Katsouyanni, Klea/0000-0002-0132-9575; NR 73 TC 500 Z9 507 U1 4 U2 42 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0007-0920 J9 BRIT J CANCER JI Br. J. Cancer PD NOV 18 PY 2002 VL 87 IS 11 BP 1234 EP 1245 DI 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600596 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 625MH UT WOS:000179819900009 PM 12439712 ER PT J AU De Staercke, CM Hooper, WC AF De Staercke, CM Hooper, WC TI Comparison of cytokine-induced transcriptional factor response in HCAEC and HUVEC cell types. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB,Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 3764 BP 73B EP 73B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JL UT WOS:000179184800307 ER PT J AU Stankovic, AK Shahangian, S Lubin, IM Handsfield, JH White, MD AF Stankovic, AK Shahangian, S Lubin, IM Handsfield, JH White, MD TI Hospital-based point-of-care testing for prothrombin time: A survey of US hospitals. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 827 BP 220A EP 220A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184700828 ER PT J AU Mehta, AC McDonald, LC Carrico, RM Snyder, JW Yakrus, M Platt, JJ Cheerva, AC Herzig, RH Herzig, GP AF Mehta, AC McDonald, LC Carrico, RM Snyder, JW Yakrus, M Platt, JJ Cheerva, AC Herzig, RH Herzig, GP TI Catheter-associated bloodstream infection due to rapid-growing Mycobacterium spp. in patients with hematologic malignancies. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Louisville, Blood & Marrow Transplant Program, Brown Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 5359 BP 446B EP 447B PN 2 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JL UT WOS:000179184801901 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, R Soucie, MJ Evatt, BL AF Kulkarni, R Soucie, MJ Evatt, BL CA Hemophilia Surveillance Syst TI Renal disease among males with hemophilia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 1919 BP 493A EP 493A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184701920 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, R Reddy, UM Evatt, BL AF Kulkarni, R Reddy, UM Evatt, BL TI "How does-blood clot?" physiology of hemostasis: Clotting pathways, platelets, endothelium and cell-based coagulation: A novel teaching tool using computer-based animation. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Community Hlth Fdn, Man, WV USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 5590 BP 501B EP 501B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JL UT WOS:000179184802131 ER PT J AU Philipp, C Dilley, A Miller, C Evatt, B Modarressi, A Schwartz, R Bachmann, G Saidi, P AF Philipp, C Dilley, A Miller, C Evatt, B Modarressi, A Schwartz, R Bachmann, G Saidi, P TI Racial differences in platelet function defects among women with unexplained menorrhagia. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 44th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Hematology CY DEC 06-10, 2002 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Amer Soc Hematol C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Div Hematol, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2002 VL 100 IS 11 MA 2717 BP 689A EP 689A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 614JK UT WOS:000179184702719 ER PT J AU Bodnar, LM Siega-Riz, AM Miller, WC Cogswell, ME McDonald, T AF Bodnar, LM Siega-Riz, AM Miller, WC Cogswell, ME McDonald, T TI Who should be screened for postpartum anemia? An evaluation of current recommendations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anemia; Bayes theorem; hemoglobins; iron; mass screening; puerperium; risk assessment; sensitivity and specificity ID IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; MULTIPLE IMPUTATION; WORKER PRODUCTIVITY; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; ENDURANCE AB The authors evaluated the utility of selective screening criteria for postpartum anemia developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) versus criteria developed among low-income women using prevalence-based screening principles. Pregnant women in Raleigh, North Carolina, were followed up to the postpartum visit in 1997-1999 (n = 345). Prevalence of postpartum anemia was 19.1%. Independent risk markers, arrived at through multivariate logistic regression, were multiparity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8, 2.9), obesity (OR = 3.0, 95% CI: 1.6, 5.5), anemia at 24-29 weeks' gestation (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2, 4.4), anemia before delivery (OR = 3.4, 95% Cl: 1.8, 6.7), and not exclusively breastfeeding (OR = 2.8, 95% CI: 1.0, 7.7). Risk scores were calculated by counting risk markers present. Likelihood ratios were determined for all possible risk scores of our algorithm and CDC's algorithm. Anemia screening decisions differed depending on clinic anemia prevalence. For example, if low test thresholds are assumed, when clinic prevalence is 10%, women with risk scores >3 on the authors' algorithm and >0 on CDC's algorithm should be screened. The authors' algorithm, in combination with prevalence information, can save clinics more money than CDC's current algorithm because a broader range of likelihood ratios was obtained, indicating a better ability to distinguish high- from low-risk women. However, if resources are available, universal screening should be considered in high-prevalence settings. C1 Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Med Ctr, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Bodnar, LM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Carolina Populat Ctr, Campus Box 8120,Univ Sq,123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. RI Miller, William/H-4800-2014 OI Miller, William/0000-0002-1934-7827 NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 10 BP 903 EP 912 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf134 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 616LW UT WOS:000179306100002 PM 12419762 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Thompson, TD Seeff, L Richards, T Stallings, F AF Coughlin, SS Thompson, TD Seeff, L Richards, T Stallings, F TI Breast, cervical, and colateral carcinoma screening in a demographically defined region of the southern US SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE breast carcinoma; cancer prevention and control; cervical carcinoma; colorectal carcinoma; fecal occult blood testing (FOBT); flexible sigmoidoscopy; Papanicolaou (Pap) tests; screening mammography ID WHITE WOMEN; MAMMOGRAPHY USE; UNITED-STATES; CANCER; BLACK; URBAN; PARTICIPATION; POPULATIONS; SERVICES; POVERTY AB BACKGROUND. The "Southern Black Belt," a term used for > 100 years to describe a subregion of the southern U.S., includes counties with high concentrations of African Americans and high levels of poverty and unemployment, and relatively high rates of preventable cancers. METHODS. The authors analyzed data from a state-based telephone survey of adults age greater than or equal to 18 years to compare the cancer screening patterns of African-American and white men and women in nonmetropolitan counties of this region, and to compare those rates with those of persons in other southern counties and elsewhere in the U.S. The primary study groups were comprised of 2165-5888 women and 1198 men in this region interviewed through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The respondents lived in predominantly rural counties in 11 southern states with sizeable African-American populations (greater than or equal to 24.5% of county residents). The main outcome measures were recent use of the Papanicolau (Pap) test, mammography, test for fecal occult blood in the stool (FOBT), and flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. RESULTS. Between 1998-2000, 66.3% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] +/- 2.7%) of 1817 African-American women in the region age 40 years had received a mammogram within the past 2 years, compared with 69.3% (95% CI +/- 1.8%) of 3922 white women (P = 0.066). The proportion of African-American and white women who had received a Pap test within the past 3 years was similar [85.7% [95% CI +/- 1.9%] vs. 83.4% [95% CI +/- 1.5%]; P = 0.068]. In 1997 and 1999, 29.3% of African-American women in these counties reported ever receiving an FOBT, compared with 36.9% in non-Black Belt counties and 42.5% in the remainder of the U.S. Among white women, 37.7% in Black Belt counties, 44.0% in non-Black Belt counties, and 45.3% in the remainder of the U.S. ever received an FOBT. Overall, similar patterns were noted among both men and women with regard to ever-use of FOBT, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy. Screening rates appeared to vary less by race than by region. CONCLUSIONS. The results of the current study underscore the need for continued efforts to ensure that adults in the nonmetropolitan South receive educational messages, outreach, and provider recommendations concerning the importance of routine cancer screening. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 buford Hwy,NE,K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 55 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 95 IS 10 BP 2211 EP 2222 DI 10.1002/cncr.10933 PG 12 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 611HH UT WOS:000179010200022 PM 12412176 ER PT J AU Cohen, JI Davenport, DS Stewart, JA Deitchman, S Hilliard, JK Chapman, LE AF Cohen, JI Davenport, DS Stewart, JA Deitchman, S Hilliard, JK Chapman, LE CA B Virus Working Grp TI Recommendations for prevention of and therapy for exposure to B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DISEASE; SIMIAE INFECTION; RHESUS MACAQUES; PROPHYLAXIS; TRIAL AB B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) is a zoonotic agent that can cause fatal encephalomyelitis in humans. The virus naturally infects macaque monkeys, resulting in disease that is similar to herpes simplex virus infection in humans. Although B virus infection generally is asymptomatic or mild in macaques, it can be fatal in humans. Previously reported cases of B virus disease in humans usually have been attributed to animal bites, scratches, or percutaneous inoculation with infected materials; however, the first fatal case of B virus infection due to mucosal splash exposure was reported in 1998. This case prompted the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Atlanta, Georgia) to convene a working group in 1999 to reconsider the prior recommendations for prevention and treatment of B virus exposure. The present report updates previous recommendations for the prevention, evaluation, and treatment of B virus infection in humans and considers the role of newer antiviral agents in postexposure prophylaxis. C1 NIH, Med Virol Sect, Clin Invest Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Michigan State Univ, Kalamazoo Ctr Med Studies, Div Infect Dis, Kalamazoo, MI USA. Georgia State Univ, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia State Univ, Virol Immunol Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Cohen, JI (reprint author), NIH, Med Virol Sect, Clin Invest Lab, Bldg 10,Rm 11N228,10 Ctr Dr,MSC 1888, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 39 TC 64 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1191 EP 1203 DI 10.1086/344754 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 611PM UT WOS:000179027000008 PM 12410479 ER PT J AU Wasfy, MO Frenck, R Ismail, TF Mansour, H Malone, JL Mahoney, FJ AF Wasfy, MO Frenck, R Ismail, TF Mansour, H Malone, JL Mahoney, FJ TI Trends of multiple-drug resistance among Salmonella serotype Typhi isolates during a 14-year period in Egypt SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FEVER; CHLORAMPHENICOL; INFECTIONS AB A total of 853 isolates of Salmonella serotype Typhi recovered from patients with typhoid fever who were admitted to a major infectious disease hospital in Cairo, Egypt, from 1987 through 2000 underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing to determine multiple-drug resistance. The observed resurgence of chloramphenicol susceptibility (P = .002) may suggest re-use of this drug for the treatment of typhoid fever in Egypt. C1 USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452, FPO, AE 09835 USA. Abbassia Fever Hosp, Cairo, Egypt. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wasfy, MO (reprint author), USN, Med Res Unit 3, PSC 452, Box 5000, FPO, AE 09835 USA. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 10 BP 1265 EP 1268 DI 10.1086/343052 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 611PM UT WOS:000179027000018 PM 12410488 ER PT J AU Gottlieb, SL Douglas, JM Schmid, DS Bolan, G Iatesta, M Malotte, CK Zenilman, J Foster, M Baron, AE Steiner, JF Peterman, TA Kamb, ML AF Gottlieb, SL Douglas, JM Schmid, DS Bolan, G Iatesta, M Malotte, CK Zenilman, J Foster, M Baron, AE Steiner, JF Peterman, TA Kamb, ML CA Project RESPECT Study Grp TI Seroprevalence and correlates of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in five sexually transmitted-disease clinics SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National STD Prevention Conference CY DEC, 2000 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; GENITAL HERPES; PUBLIC-HEALTH; RISK-FACTORS; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; HIV AB The seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection was studied among 4128 patients from sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics who were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of human immunodeficiency virus and STD counseling efficacy. HSV-2 seroprevalence was 40.8% and was higher in women than in men (52.0% vs. 32.4%; P < .0001) and higher in blacks than in nonblacks (48.1% vs. 29.6%;). Among 14-19-year-old patients, 36.8% of black women and 25.8% of nonblack women were infected with HSV-2. Independent predictors of HSV-2 seropositivity included female sex, black race, older age, less education, more lifetime sex partners, prior diagnosis of syphilis or gonorrhea, and lack of HSV-1 antibody. The majority of HSV-2- seropositive persons (84.7%) had never received a diagnosis of genital herpes. HSV-2 infection is common in STD clinic attendees in the United States, even among young age groups, especially among women. Efforts to prevent genital herpes should begin at an early age. The high rate of undiagnosed HSV-2 infection likely contributes to ongoing transmission. C1 Denver Publ Hlth Dept, Denver, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Hlth Sci, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Douglas, JM (reprint author), Denver Public Hlth, 605 Bannock St,Mail Code 2600, Denver, CO 80204 USA. FU BHP HRSA HHS [5 T32 PE0006] NR 29 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 10 BP 1381 EP 1389 DI 10.1086/344317 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 609EQ UT WOS:000178891000001 PM 12404152 ER PT J AU Stone, KM Karem, KL Sternberg, MR McQuillan, GM Poon, AD Unger, ER Reeves, WC AF Stone, KM Karem, KL Sternberg, MR McQuillan, GM Poon, AD Unger, ER Reeves, WC TI Seroprevalence of human papillomavirus type 16 infection in the United States SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National STD Prevention Conference CY DEC, 2000 CL MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; ACQUIRING GONORRHEA; CAPSID ANTIBODIES; NATURAL-HISTORY; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; COHORT AB Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 accounts for about half of cervical cancers worldwide. This study investigated the seroepidemiology of HPV-16 infection in the United States by using a population-based survey. Serum samples and questionnaire data were collected from 1991 to 1994 for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. HPV-16-specific IgG antibody was detected by use of an HPV-16 virus-like particle ELISA. HPV-16 seropositivity in the US population aged 12-59 years was 13.0% (95% confidence interval, 11.5%-14.7%). Seroprevalence was higher in women (17.9%) than in men (7.9%). Age, race/ethnicity, and number of lifetime sex partners were associated with HPV seropositivity in women. Race/ethnicity, age at first intercourse, urban/nonurban residence, years of sexual activity, and having had sex with a man were associated with HPV seropositivity in men. Information on HPV-16 seroepidemiology will be important for designing prevention efforts including vaccine programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Stone, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 56 TC 137 Z9 145 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 10 BP 1396 EP 1402 DI 10.1086/344354 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 609EQ UT WOS:000178891000003 PM 12404154 ER PT J AU Xu, XY Smith, CB Mungall, BA Lindstrom, SE Hall, HE Subbarao, K Cox, NJ Klimov, A AF Xu, XY Smith, CB Mungall, BA Lindstrom, SE Hall, HE Subbarao, K Cox, NJ Klimov, A TI Intercontinental circulation of human influenza A(H1N2) reassortant viruses during the 2001-2002 influenza season SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID A VIRUSES; H1N1; H3N2 AB Reassortant influenza A viruses bearing the H1 subtype of hemagglutinin (HA) and the N2 subtype of neuraminidase (NA) were isolated from humans in the United States, Canada, Singapore, Malaysia, India, Oman, Egypt, and several countries in Europe during the 2001-2002 influenza season. The HAs of these H1N2 viruses were similar to that of the A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1) vaccine strain both antigenically and genetically, and the NAs were antigenically and genetically related to those of recent human H3N2 reference strains, such as A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2). All 6 internal genes of the H1N2 reassortants examined originated from an H3N2 virus. This article documents the first widespread circulation of H1N2 reassortants on 4 continents. The current influenza vaccine is expected to provide good protection against H1N2 viruses, because it contains the A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1) and A/Moscow/10/99( H3N2) like viruses, which have H1 and N2 antigens that are similar to those of recent H1N2 viruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Xu, XY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Mailstop G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 10 BP 1490 EP 1493 DI 10.1086/344738 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 609EQ UT WOS:000178891000016 PM 12404167 ER PT J CA CDC TI Outbreak of listeriosis - Northeastern United States, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 950-951, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, New York, NY USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Svcs, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Delaware Hlth & Social Svcs, New Castle, DE 19720 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48913 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Washington, DC 20250 USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 18 BP 2260 EP 2260 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 614JZ UT WOS:000179186400011 ER PT J AU Morris, MC Evans, DA Bienias, JL Tangney, CC Bennett, DA Aggarwal, N Wilson, RS Scherr, PA AF Morris, MC Evans, DA Bienias, JL Tangney, CC Bennett, DA Aggarwal, N Wilson, RS Scherr, PA TI Antioxidants and risk of Alzheimer disease - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Dept Internal Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Clin Nutr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morris, MC (reprint author), Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Rush Inst Hlth Aging, Dept Internal Med, 1653 W Congress Pkwy, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 13 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 18 BP 2265 EP 2266 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 614JZ UT WOS:000179186400022 ER PT J AU Shaw, MW Xu, XY Li, Y Normand, S Ueki, RT Kunimoto, GY Hall, H Klimov, A Cox, NJ Subbarao, K AF Shaw, MW Xu, XY Li, Y Normand, S Ueki, RT Kunimoto, GY Hall, H Klimov, A Cox, NJ Subbarao, K TI Reappearance and global spread of variants of influenza B/Victoria/2/87 lineage viruses in the 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 seasons SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE influenza B virus; hemagglutinin; neuraminidase; evolution; reassortment; reemerging diseases ID B VIRUS; EPIDEMIC SEASON; DELETION; STRAINS AB Two antigenically and genetically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses, represented by the reference strains B/Victoria/2/1987 and B/Yamagata/16/1988, have cocirculated in humans since at least 1983. Between 1992 and 2000, Victoria lineage viruses were detected only in eastern Asia. From March to September of 2001 and during the 2001-2002 influenza season, Victoria lineage viruses were detected for the first time in a decade in several countries including Canada, USA, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, India, and Oman. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of these viruses revealed that the viruses fell into two distinct clades: one group, represented by the reference strain B/HongKong/330/2001, contained viruses sharing three signature amino acids, Arg116, Asn121, and Glu164, while the other group of viruses, represented by B/Oman/116296/2001, shared Thr121 compared to the previous reference strain, B/Shandong/7/97. A number of the viruses in the latter group have been found to be reassortants having a Victoria lineage HA and a Yamagata lineage NA. In the current 2001-2002 season, Victoria-like viruses have now been associated with outbreaks in Asia, Europe, and North America. The reemergence of these Victoria lineage viruses worldwide, the fact that the majority of the B/Victoria-like isolates have poor cross-reactivity to B/Sichuan/379/99-like viruses in current vaccines, and the lack of exposure of young children in many areas of the world to these viruses has resulted in a World Health Organization Northern Hemisphere recommendation for the inclusion of a B/Victoria-like strain in vaccines for the 2002-2003 influenza season. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Anim Hlth, Natl Microbiol Lab, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. State Hawaii Dept Hlth, State Labs Div, Pearl City, HI 96782 USA. RP Shaw, MW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mws2@cdc.gov NR 21 TC 93 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 303 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1719 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 625RF UT WOS:000179828800001 PM 12482653 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP Ibegbu, CC Scinicariello, F Oh, CY McClure, HM AF Kourtis, AP Ibegbu, CC Scinicariello, F Oh, CY McClure, HM TI SHIV-KB9 infection of rhesus monkeys does not always cause disease contribution of host immune factors and thymic output SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE simian human immunodeficiency virus; rhesus macaque; thymus; cytokines; antibody; disease progression ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; LYMPH-NODES; IN-VIVO; MACAQUES; PROGRESSION; PATHOGENICITY; DETERMINANTS; SHIV-89.6P; MATURATION; ACTIVATION AB Simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) infection in the macaque is a model of HIV pathogenesis. KB9, a molecular clone of SHIV 89.6P, induced rapid and profound CD4(+) T cell loss in rhesus monkeys, followed by partial recovery in some. We describe another clinical outcome after intravenous SHIV-KB9 inoculation in two of six infected rhesus macaques: lack of signs of immunodeficiency with sustained CD4(+) T cell counts, despite virus load levels similar to those of the animals with CD4(+) lymphocyte decline. To dissect the role of host factors in determining pathogenicity of this viral clone, humoral and cellular immune responses were studied. Differences in CD8(+) T cell effector responses and activation profiles and in thymic output, but not in specific antibody production, were observed in animals with different disease outcomes during acute infection. Thymic involvement may thus be a critical factor in determining disease progression. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Immunol Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Vaccine Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Harvard Univ, Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Sch Med, Div Viral Pathogenesis, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), CDC, NCCDPHP, DRH, MS-K34,2900 Woodcock Blvd, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [P51-RR00165] NR 24 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 303 IS 1 BP 47 EP 57 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1600 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 625RF UT WOS:000179828800005 PM 12482657 ER PT J AU Marczinke, BI Nichol, ST AF Marczinke, BI Nichol, ST TI Nairobi sheep disease virus, an important tick-borne pathogen of sheep and goats in Africa, is also present in Asia SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article AB Nairobi sheep disease (NSD) virus is the prototype of the tick-borne NSD serogroup, genus Neirovirus, family Bunyaviridae. It is highly pathogenic for sheep and goats, causes disease in humans, and is widespread throughout East Africa. Ganjam virus has caused disease in goats and humans in India. Due to their occurrence on different continents and association with different ticks, these viruses were considered distinct despite serologic cross-reactivity. Their S RNA genome segments and encoded nucleocapsid proteins were found to be 1590 nucleotides and 482 amino acids in length and differed by only 10 and 3% at nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively Genetic and serologic data demonstrate that Ganjam virus is an Asian variant of NSD virus. These viruses were phylogenetically more closely related to Hazara virus than Dugbe virus. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Mailstop G14,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD NOV 10 PY 2002 VL 303 IS 1 BP 146 EP 151 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1514 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 625RF UT WOS:000179828800014 PM 12482666 ER PT J AU Hobbs, MR Udhayakumar, V Levesque, MC Booth, J Roberts, JM Tkachuk, AN Pole, A Coon, H Kariuki, S Nahlen, BL Mwaikambo, ED Lal, AL Granger, DL Anstey, NM Weinberg, JB AF Hobbs, MR Udhayakumar, V Levesque, MC Booth, J Roberts, JM Tkachuk, AN Pole, A Coon, H Kariuki, S Nahlen, BL Mwaikambo, ED Lal, AL Granger, DL Anstey, NM Weinberg, JB TI A new NOS2 promoter polymorphism associated with increased nitric oxide production and protection from severe malaria in Tanzanian and Kenyan children SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION; FALCIPARUM-MALARIA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CEREBRAL MALARIA; DISEASE SEVERITY; SYNTHASE GENE; TRANSMISSION; INDUCTION; GENOME; MICE AB Background Nitric oxide (NO) is a mediator of immunity to malaria, and genetic polymorphisms in the promoter of the inducible NO synthase gene (NOS2) could modulate production of NO. We postulated that NOS2 promoter polymorphisms would affect resistance to severe malaria. Methods We assessed genomic DNA from healthy children and from those diagnosed with malaria from Tanzania (n=47 and n=138, respectively) and Kenya (n=1106) for polymorphisms by single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and sequencing. We also measured in-vivo NO production in Tanzanian children. Findings We identified a novel single nucleotide polymorphism, -1173 C-->T, in the NOS2 promoter that was significantly associated with protection from symptomatic malaria (odds ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.03-0.48, p=0.0006) in 179 Tanzanian children, and significantly associated with protection from severe malarial anaemia (adjusted relative risk 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.66, p=0.0005) in 1106 Kenyan children studied over 5 years. The risk of parasitaemia was not significantly different in wild-type or -1173 C-->T individuals. -1173 C-->T protection in Tanzanians was independent of the previously recognised NOS2-954 G-->C polymorphism. The (CCTTT)(n) NOS2 polymorphism (Tanzania and Kenya) was not associated with severe malaria outcomes. -1173 C-->T was associated with increased fasting urine and plasma NO metabolite concentrations in Tanzanian children, suggesting that the polymorphism was functional in vivo. Interpretation The NOS2 promoter -1173 C-->T single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with protection against cerebral malaria and severe malarial anaemia. Increased NO production in individuals with the -1173 C-->T polymorphism lends support to a protective role for NO against these syndromes. Targeted interventions to increase NO delivery or production could provide novel preventive and therapeutic strategies against these major causes of mortality in African children. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Internal Med, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. VA Med Ctr, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. VA & Duke Univ Med Ctr, Dept Med, Durham, NC USA. Univ Utah, Dept Psychiat, Salt Lake City, UT USA. WHO, Rollback Malaria Program, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Hubert Kairuki Mem Univ, Dept Paediat & Child Hlth, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Menzies Sch Hlth Res, Div Infect Dis, Darwin, NT, Australia. Flinders Univ No Terr Clin Sch, Darwin, NT, Australia. RP Weinberg, JB (reprint author), VA & Duke Med Ctr, 508 Fulton St, Durham, NC 27705 USA. OI Coon, Hilary/0000-0002-8877-5446 FU NCI NIH HHS [5P30CA42014]; NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR00064]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI41764, R01 AI041764] NR 35 TC 121 Z9 128 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 9 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9344 BP 1468 EP 1475 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11474-7 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 614JV UT WOS:000179186000012 PM 12433515 ER PT J AU Howard, AA Arnsten, JH Li, YT Vlahov, D Rich, JD Schuman, P Stone, VE Smith, DK Schoenbaum, EE AF Howard, AA Arnsten, JH Li, YT Vlahov, D Rich, JD Schuman, P Stone, VE Smith, DK Schoenbaum, EE CA HER Study Grp TI A prospective study of adherence and viral load in a large multi-center cohort of HIV-infected women SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE adherence; compliance; electronic monitoring; women; drug users; viral load; antiretroviral therapy ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; REPORTED ADHERENCE; DRUG-RESISTANCE; DISEASE; ZIDOVUDINE; ADULTS; USERS AB Objectives: To examine the relationship between antiretroviral adherence and viral load, and to determine the predictors of adherence over time in HIV-infected women. Design: Prospective observational study. Methods: One-hundred sixty-one HIV-infected women who were taking antiretroviral therapy for a median of 3.0 years were recruited from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study, a multicenter cohort study of HIV infection in women. Antiretroviral adherence (percent of doses taken as prescribed) was measured over a 6-month period using MEMS caps. At baseline and follow-up, CD4 lymphocyte count and viral load were measured, and a standardized interview was administered to elicit medication history and drug use behaviors. To examine changes in adherence over time, the mean adherence to all antiretroviral agents was calculated for each monitored month. Results: Adherence varied significantly over time (P < 0.001), ranging from a mean of 64% in month 1 to 45% in month 6. Nearly one-fourth of the participants had a 10% or greater decrease in adherence between consecutive months. Virologic failure occurred in 17% of women with adherence of &GE; 88%, 28% of those with 45-87% adherence, 43% of those with 13-44% adherence, and 71% of those with &LE;12% adherence. In multivariate analysis, factors predicting lower adherence included active drug use, alcohol use, more frequent antiretroviral dosing, shorter duration of antiretroviral use, younger age, and lower initial CD4 lymphocyte count. Conclusions: Antiretroviral adherence is not stable over time. Interventions aimed at monitoring and improving long-term adherence in women are urgently needed. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Montefiore Med Ctr, AIDS Res Program, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. New York Acad Med, New York, NY USA. Miriam Hosp, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Mem Hosp Rhode Isl, Dept Med, Pawtucket, RI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Howard, AA (reprint author), Montefiore Med Ctr, AIDS Res Program, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, 111 E 210th St, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU206798-01] NR 32 TC 172 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 8 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 16 BP 2175 EP 2182 DI 10.1097/00002030-200211080-00010 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 618DL UT WOS:000179403000009 PM 12409739 ER PT J AU Madsen, KM Hviid, A Vestergaard, M Schendel, D Wohlfahrt, J Thorsen, P Olsen, J Melbye, M AF Madsen, KM Hviid, A Vestergaard, M Schendel, D Wohlfahrt, J Thorsen, P Olsen, J Melbye, M TI A population-based study of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination and autism SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MMR IMMUNIZATION; FOLLOW-UP; DISORDERS; PREVALENCE; DIAGNOSIS; REGISTER AB Background: It has been suggested that vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) is a cause of autism. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all children born in Denmark from January 1991 through December 1998. The cohort was selected on the basis of data from the Danish Civil Registration System, which assigns a unique identification number to every live-born infant and new resident in Denmark. MMR-vaccination status was obtained from the Danish National Board of Health. Information on the children's autism status was obtained from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register, which contains information on all diagnoses received by patients in psychiatric hospitals and outpatient clinics in Denmark. We obtained information on potential confounders from the Danish Medical Birth Registry, the National Hospital Registry, and Statistics Denmark. Results: Of the 537,303 children in the cohort (representing 2,129,864 person-years), 440,655 (82.0 percent) had received the MMR vaccine. We identified 316 children with a diagnosis of autistic disorder and 422 with a diagnosis of other autistic-spectrum disorders. After adjustment for potential confounders, the relative risk of autistic disorder in the group of vaccinated children, as compared with the unvaccinated group, was 0.92 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.24), and the relative risk of another autistic-spectrum disorder was 0.83 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.65 to 1.07). There was no association between the age at the time of vaccination, the time since vaccination, or the date of vaccination and the development of autistic disorder. Conclusions: This study provides strong evidence against the hypothesis that MMR vaccination causes autism. C1 Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Statens Serum Inst, Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol Res, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Madsen, KM (reprint author), Danish Epidemiol Sci Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Vennelyst Blvd 6, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. RI Vestergaard, Mogens/M-9333-2014 OI Vestergaard, Mogens/0000-0001-8830-2174 NR 37 TC 297 Z9 309 U1 31 U2 199 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 7 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 19 BP 1477 EP 1482 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa021134 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 611XG UT WOS:000179042700002 PM 12421889 ER PT J AU Pastor, A Neely, J Goodfriend, D Marr, J Jenkins, S Woolard, D Pettit, D Gaines, D Sockwell, D Garvey, C Jordan, C Lacey, C DuVernoy, T Roberts, D Robert, L Santos, P Wirtz, R MacArthur, J O'Brien, M Causer, L AF Pastor, A Neely, J Goodfriend, D Marr, J Jenkins, S Woolard, D Pettit, D Gaines, D Sockwell, D Garvey, C Jordan, C Lacey, C DuVernoy, T Roberts, D Robert, L Santos, P Wirtz, R MacArthur, J O'Brien, M Causer, L CA CDC TI Local transmission of Plasmodium vivax malaria - Virginia, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 931-923, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Loudoun Cty Dept Hlth, Leesburg, VA USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. Montgomery Cty Hlth Svcs, Rockville, MD USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Trop Publ Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 6 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 17 BP 2113 EP 2114 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 611ZJ UT WOS:000179048100011 ER PT J AU Looker, AC Cogswell, ME Gunter, EW AF Looker, AC Cogswell, ME Gunter, EW CA CDC TI Iron deficiency - United States, 1999-2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 897-899, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Looker, AC (reprint author), CDC, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 6 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 17 BP 2114 EP 2116 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 611ZJ UT WOS:000179048100012 ER PT J AU Miller, D Urdaneta, V Weltman, A Park, S AF Miller, D Urdaneta, V Weltman, A Park, S CA CDC TI Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus - Pennsylvania, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 902, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. CDC, Off Director, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Miller, D (reprint author), Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 6 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 17 BP 2116 EP 2116 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 611ZJ UT WOS:000179048100013 ER PT J AU Koepsell, T McCloskey, L Wolf, M Moudon, AV Buchner, D Kraus, J Patterson, M AF Koepsell, T McCloskey, L Wolf, M Moudon, AV Buchner, D Kraus, J Patterson, M TI Crosswalk markings and the risk of pedestrian-motor vehicle collisions in older pedestrians SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID INJURIES AB Context Motor vehicles struck and killed 4739 pedestrians in the United States in the year 2000. Older pedestrians are at especially high risk. Objective To determine whether crosswalk markings at urban intersections influence the risk of injury to older pedestrians. Design Case-control study in which the units of study were crossing locations. Setting Six cities in Washington and California, with case accrual from February 1995 through January 1999. Participants A total of 282 case sites were street-crossing locations at an intersection where a pedestrian aged 65 years or older had been struck by a motor vehicle while crossing the street; 564 control sites were other nearby crossings that were matched to case sites based on street classification. Trained observers recorded environmental characteristics, vehicular traffic flow and speed, and pedestrian use at each site on the same day of the week and time of day as when the case event had occurred. Main Outcome Measure Risk of pedestrian-motor vehicle collision involving an older pedestrian. Results After adjusting for pedestrian flow, vehicle flow, crossing length, and signalization, risk of a pedestrian-motor vehicle collision was 2.1-fold greater (95% confidence interval, 1.1-4.0) at sites with a marked crosswalk. Almost all of the excess risk was due to 3.6-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.7-7.9) higher risk associated with marked crosswalks at sites with no traffic signal or stop sign. Conclusions Crosswalk markings appear associated with increased risk of pedestrian-motor vehicle collision to older pedestrians at sites where no signal or stop sign is present to halt traffic. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Injury Prevent & Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Architecture & Urban Planning, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, So Calif Injury Prevent Res Ctr, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Koepsell, T (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Box 357236, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG10147]; ODCDC CDC HHS [CCR002570] NR 35 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 6 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 17 BP 2136 EP 2143 DI 10.1001/jama.288.17.2136 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 611ZJ UT WOS:000179048100024 PM 12413373 ER PT J AU McQuillan, GM Chu, SY AF McQuillan, GM Chu, SY TI Diphtheria and tetanus immunity - Response SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP McQuillan, GM (reprint author), Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 137 IS 9 BP 775 EP 775 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 612BA UT WOS:000179052400016 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Rasmussen, SA Correa, A O'Leary, L Coleman, K May, K Fernhoff, P Campbell, RM AF Botto, LD Rasmussen, SA Correa, A O'Leary, L Coleman, K May, K Fernhoff, P Campbell, RM TI The contribution of chromosomal anomalies to the occurrence of congenital heart defects today: Findings from population-based study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Heart-Association Abstracts From Scientific Sessions CY NOV 17-20, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Sibley Heart Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 SU S MA 303 BP 61 EP 61 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 613QJ UT WOS:000179142700345 ER PT J AU Otvos, JD Collins, D Freedman, DS Pegus, C Schaefer, EJ Robins, SJ Rubins, HB AF Otvos, JD Collins, D Freedman, DS Pegus, C Schaefer, EJ Robins, SJ Rubins, HB TI LDL and HDL particle subclasses are independent predictors of cardiovascular events in the Veteran Affairs HDL Intervention Trial SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Heart-Association Abstracts From Scientific Sessions CY NOV 17-20, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 LipSci Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. VAMC Cooperat Study Program Coordinating Ctr, West Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 SU S MA 3593 BP 729 EP 730 PG 2 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 613QJ UT WOS:000179142703629 ER PT J AU Wang, L Folsom, AR Zheng, ZJ Pankow, JS Eckfeldt, JH AF Wang, L Folsom, AR Zheng, ZJ Pankow, JS Eckfeldt, JH TI Plasma fatty acid composition and incidence of diabetes in middle aged adults: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Heart-Association Abstracts From Scientific Sessions CY NOV 17-20, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 SU S MA 3601 BP 731 EP 731 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 613QJ UT WOS:000179142703637 ER PT J AU Pegus, C Otvos, JD Collins, D Freedman, DS Schaefer, EJ Robins, SJ Rubins, HB AF Pegus, C Otvos, JD Collins, D Freedman, DS Schaefer, EJ Robins, SJ Rubins, HB TI Gemfibrozil treatment increases LDL size and decreases LDL particle concentration in the Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Heart-Association Abstracts From Scientific Sessions CY NOV 17-20, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 LipoSci Inc, Raleigh, NC USA. VAMC, Cooperat Study Program Coordinating Ctr, West Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 SU S MA 3671 BP 747 EP 747 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 613QJ UT WOS:000179142703707 ER PT J AU Dai, SF Labarthe, DR Harrist, RB Mueller, WH Grunbaum, JA AF Dai, SF Labarthe, DR Harrist, RB Mueller, WH Grunbaum, JA TI Increase in body fatness is associated with adverse change in blood pressure in children and adolescents: Findings from project heartbeat! SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT American-Heart-Association Abstracts From Scientific Sessions CY NOV 17-20, 2002 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Amer Heart Assoc C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 5 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 19 SU S MA 3747 BP 765 EP 765 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 613QJ UT WOS:000179142703783 ER PT J AU Bello, D Streicher, RP Liu, YC Sparer, J Youngs, F Woskie, SR AF Bello, D Streicher, RP Liu, YC Sparer, J Youngs, F Woskie, SR TI Field comparison of impingers and treated filters for sampling of total aliphatic isocyanates with the MAP reagent SO AIHA JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE air sampling; aliphatic isocyanates; MAP; autobody repair shops; IOM inhalable sampler; impinger ID SPRAY-PAINTING OPERATIONS; OCCUPATIONAL ASTHMA; TOLUENE-DIISOCYANATE; EXPOSURE; MDI AB Results of a comparative field study on the performance of 25-mm inhalable samplers (Institute of Occupational Medicine [IOM]) and midget impingers for the collection of total isocyanates in air using the 1-(9-anthracenylmethyl)piperazine (MAP) reagent are presented. Air sampling and analysis was performed according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health MAP draft method 5525. Midget impingers filled with 15 mL of 1 X 10(-4) M MAP in butyl benzoate were operated at 1 L/min. IOM cassettes loaded with 25-mm quartz fiber filters impregnated with 500 mug MAP, were operated at 2 L/min. Filters were field extracted with 10 mL of 1 X 10(-4) M MAP in acetonitrile. Thirty-four impinger-IOM pairs were collected in three autobody shops during spray painting tasks. Regression analysis [Ln(IOM)=1.0 Ln (impinger), R-2=0.98] and a paired Hest (Pr>0.9) demonstrated that impingers and IOMs perform equally in their collection efficiency for the monomer and total oligomeric hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI). IOM performance did not deteriorate at longer sampling times compared with the impinger performance. Within-sampler variability was calculated from the individual coefficients of variation (CV) of the 17 pairs of like samplers. The mean of CVs (SD)% for the monomer and total oligomeric HDI was approximately 12 (12)% and 15 (13)% for the IOM and the impinger sampler, respectively. Poor correlation (Pearson correlation coefficient <0.3) and statistically nonsignificant differences (P>0.74 two-sided) were found for the between-sampler CVs. Factors that might have influenced the observed sampler agreement are also discussed. It is concluded that MAP impregnated filters can be successfully used for sampling of slow curing total aliphatic isocyanates in air. C1 Univ Lowell, Dept Work Environm, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Bello, D (reprint author), Univ Lowell, Dept Work Environm, 1 Univ Ave, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. FU PHS HHS [R010H03457] NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHA J JI AIHA J. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 63 IS 6 BP 790 EP 796 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(2002)063<0790:FCOIAT>2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 636CK UT WOS:000180436800020 PM 12570088 ER PT J AU Bandini, LG Must, A Spadano, JL Dietz, WH AF Bandini, LG Must, A Spadano, JL Dietz, WH TI Relation of body composition, parental overweight, pubertal stage, and race-ethnicity to energy expenditure among premenarcheal girls SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID RESTING METABOLIC-RATE; DOUBLY LABELED WATER; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; NATIONAL-HEALTH; CAUCASIAN GIRLS; WHITE-CHILDREN; OBESE; WOMEN; ADOLESCENTS AB Background: Previous studies assessed the influence of parental weight status, sexual maturation, race-ethnicity, and energy expenditure among children, but few examined these issues comprehensively. Objective: The objective was to determine whether differences in energy expenditure among premenarcheal girls are related to the pubertal stage and the race-ethnicity of the girls or to the weight status of their parents. Design: We measured the body composition and the energy expenditure of 196 nonobese girls enrolled in a longitudinal study. Total body water was measured by the isotopic dilution of O-18 water. We measured resting metabolic rate with the use of indirect calorimetry and daily energy expenditure by the doubly labeled water method. We used established criteria to determine sexual maturation. Parental weight status was based on body mass index. Results: Resting metabolic rate was higher among girls with greater than or equal to 1 overweight parent than among girls with 2 normal-weight parents. Total energy expenditure was also higher among girls with greater than or equal to 1 overweight parent, but these results were of borderline significance. We found no effect of pubertal stage on resting metabolic rate. Nonresting energy expenditure was significantly lower among pubertal girls than among prepubertal girls. After adjustments for age and body composition, we noted that resting metabolic rate, nonresting energy expenditure, and total energy expenditure were all significantly lower among black girls than among white girls. Conclusions: Differences in resting metabolic rate and total energy expenditure among premenarcheal girls were associated with parental weight status and the girls' race-ethnicity, whereas differences in nonresting energy expenditure were associated with pubertal stage and race-ethnicity. Whether the observed differences in energy expenditure persist after puberty and predict weight gain during puberty awaits the results of longitudinal analyses. C1 MIT, Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Div Pediat Gastroenterol & Nutr, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Community Hlth, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Phys Act & Nutr, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bandini, LG (reprint author), MIT, Clin Res Ctr, E18 Room 447,77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00088]; NIDDK NIH HHS [5P30DK46200, DK-HD50537] NR 48 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 76 IS 5 BP 1040 EP 1047 PG 8 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 609PE UT WOS:000178913500018 PM 12399276 ER PT J AU Orr, ST James, SA Prince, CB AF Orr, ST James, SA Prince, CB TI Maternal prenatal depressive symptoms and spontaneous preterm births among African-American women in Baltimore, Maryland SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE depression; depressive disorder; gestational age; pregnancy outcome ID KILLER-CELL PHENOTYPES; MAJOR DEPRESSION; FOLLOW-UP; CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; NORTH-CAROLINA; SOCIAL SUPPORT; PREGNANT-WOMEN; IMMUNE-SYSTEM; BLACK-WOMEN AB The purpose of this study was to examine the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and spontaneous preterm birth. From 1991 to 1993, pregnant, African-American women were prospectively enrolled at four hospital-based clinics in Baltimore, Maryland, that serve low-income areas of the city. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms. Multiple logistic regression analysis estimated the independent contribution of maternal depressive symptoms to spontaneous preterm birth, controlling for behavioral, clinical, and demographic variables. Among the 1,399 women in the sample, 117 (8.4%) had a spontaneous preterm delivery. Spontaneous preterm birth occurred among 12.7% of those with a CES-D score in the upper 10th percentile and among 8.0% of those with a lower score (relative risk = 1.59). The adjusted odds ratio for an elevated CES-D score was 1.96 (95% confidence interval: 1.04, 3.72); hence, maternal depressive symptoms in this sample of African-American women were independently associated with spontaneous preterm birth. Effective treatment of depression in pregnant women could ultimately result in a reduction of spontaneous preterm births. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Promot, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Ctr Res Ethnic Culture & Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Orr, ST (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Dept Hlth Educ & Promot, 2000 Christenbury, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. NR 44 TC 243 Z9 248 U1 3 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 9 BP 797 EP 802 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf131 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 611UA UT WOS:000179035100002 PM 12396996 ER PT J AU Lee, E Burnett, CA Lalich, N Cameron, LL Sestito, JP AF Lee, E Burnett, CA Lalich, N Cameron, LL Sestito, JP TI Proportionate mortality of crop and livestock farmers in the United States, 1984-1993 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE agriculture; mortality; cancer ID AGRICULTURAL RISK-FACTORS; NON-HODGKINS-LYMPHOMA; MULTIPLE-MYELOMA; CANCER MORTALITY; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; DEATH CERTIFICATES; PRAIRIE PROVINCES; PROSTATE-CANCER; IOWA FARMERS; LEUKEMIA AB Background Livestock farmers are more likely to be exposed to a variety of different farming hazards than crop farmers. An analysis of occupation and industry-coded U.S. death certificate data from 26 states for the years 1984-1993 was conducted to evaluate mortality patterns among crop and livestock farmers. Methods Cause-specific proportionate mortality ratios (PMRs) were calculated using a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) computer program designed to calculate sex and race specific PMRs for occupations and industries in population-based data. Results Among white male (WM) livestock farmers, there was a significantly higher mortality from cancer of the pancreas, prostate and brain, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma, acute and chronic lymphoid leukemia, and Parkinson's disease. WM crop farmers showed significantly higher mortality risk for cancer of the lip, skin, multiple myeloma, and chronic lymphoid leukemia. Conclusions These disease trends suggested that livestock farmers might be exposed to more carcinogens or agricultural chemicals than crop farmers. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Sungbuk Ku, Seoul 136705, South Korea. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Illness Effects Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Ctr Urban Policy & Social Change, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Environm & Occupat Epidemiol, Lansing, MI USA. RP Lee, E (reprint author), Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Prevent Med, Sungbuk Ku, 126-1 Anam Dong 5 Ga, Seoul 136705, South Korea. NR 48 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 42 IS 5 BP 410 EP 420 DI 10.1002/ajim.10131 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 608LV UT WOS:000178848600006 PM 12382254 ER PT J AU Berns, JS Tokars, JI AF Berns, JS Tokars, JI TI Preventing bacterial infections and antimicrobial resistance in dialysis patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES LA English DT Review DE antimicrobial resistance; methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE); catheter-related bacteremia; peritoneal dialysis (PD); peritonitis; infection control ID CHRONIC-HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS; PERITONITIS TREATMENT RECOMMENDATIONS; EXIT-SITE INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS PROPHYLAXIS; COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; CATHETER-RELATED INFECTIONS; NASAL MUPIROCIN OINTMENT; CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETERS; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; CAPD-PERITONITIS AB Antimicrobial use, in concert with patient-to-patient transmission of resistant strains, has caused a rapid increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in recent years. This increase is a particular threat to dialysis patients, who often have been in the forefront of the epidemic of resistance. In this report, which was written in collaboration between the American Society of Nephrology and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and has been endorsed by the Executive Council of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, we review and summarize existing clinical practice guidelines and recommendations concerning the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of certain bacterial infections in dialysis patients and present four strategies to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance in dialysis patients. First, preventing infection eliminates the need for antimicrobials, thereby reducing selection pressure for resistant strains. Efforts to prevent infection include avoidance of hemodialysis catheters, when possible, and meticulous care of hemodialysis and peritoneal catheters and other hemodialysis vascular access sites. Second, diagnosing and treating infections appropriately can facilitate the use of narrower spectrum agents, rapidly decrease the number of infecting organisms, and reduce the probability of resistance emerging. This entails the collection of indicated specimens for culture and avoidance of contamination of cultures with common skin microorganisms. Third, optimizing antimicrobial use helps protect the efficacy of such critical agents as vancomycin. Published guidelines for the use of vancomycin should be followed, and alternate agents should be used when infections with beta-lactam-resistant bacteria are unlikely or not documented. Fourth, preventing transmission in health care settings is important to limit the spread of resistant organisms. In this regard, such basic measures as glove use and hand hygiene are most important. C1 Univ Penn, Presbyterian Med Ctr, Sch Med, Renal Electrolyte & Hypertens Div, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Berns, JS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Presbyterian Med Ctr, Sch Med, Renal Electrolyte & Hypertens Div, 39th & Market St,MOB 240, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 101 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-6386 J9 AM J KIDNEY DIS JI Am. J. Kidney Dis. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 40 IS 5 BP 886 EP 898 DI 10.1053/ajkd.2002.36332 PG 13 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 611ZA UT WOS:000179047100002 PM 12407632 ER PT J AU Culhane, JF Rauh, V McCollum, KF Elo, IT Hogan, V AF Culhane, JF Rauh, V McCollum, KF Elo, IT Hogan, V TI Exposure to chronic stress and ethnic differences in rates of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Maternal-Fetal-Medicine CY JAN 14-19, 2002 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Soc Maternal Fetal Med DE bacterial vaginosis; chronic stress; racial distribution; reproductive health; preterm birth ID PRETERM DELIVERY; INFANTS; HEALTH; BLACK AB OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of chronic social stressors to race/ethnic differences in the rate of bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women in the inner-city area. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a cross-sectional clinical prevalence study in a sample of 2304 women at the first prenatal visit (14.8 +/- 0.2 weeks of gestation). Bacterial vaginosis was diagnosed by Nugent's method. Stress was measured at the individual and community levels with the use of interviews and administrative records. Logistic regression was used to assess the effects of stress on the odds of bacterial vaginosis occurrence, after adjustment for demographic and behavioral risk. RESULTS: Black women had significantly higher rates of bacterial vaginosis (64%) compared with white women (35%). Exposure to chronic stressors; at the individual level differed by race (eg, 32% of the black women reported threats to personal safety compared with 13% of white women). There were significant racial differences in exposure to stress at the community level (eg, 63% of the black women lived in neighborhoods with aggravated assault rates that were above the citywide mean compared with 25% of the white women). After the adjustment for sociodemographic, behavioral risk, and perceived stress, the odds of the occurrence of bacterial vaginosis that was associated with the community level stressor of "homelessness" was significant (odds ratio, 6.7; 95% Cl, 1.6-27.8). Inclusion of both individual and community level stressors reduced the black/white bacterial vaginosis odds ratio by 27%. CONCLUSION: Stressful exposures are associated positively with bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy in a sample of women of low income in the inner city. The measurement of stressors at multiple levels explained a significant proportion of the racial disparity in the rates of occurrence of bacterial vaginosis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Penn, Dept Sociol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Heilbrunn Ctr Populat & Family Hlth, New York, NY 10027 USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Jefferson Med Coll, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Culhane, JF (reprint author), 834 Chestnut St,Suite 320, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 25 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 6 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 187 IS 5 BP 1272 EP 1276 DI 10.1067/mob.2002.127311 PG 5 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 619BZ UT WOS:000179454600031 PM 12439519 ER PT J AU Coker, AL Davis, KE Arias, I Desai, S Sanderson, M Brandt, HM Smith, PH AF Coker, AL Davis, KE Arias, I Desai, S Sanderson, M Brandt, HM Smith, PH TI Physical and mental health effects of intimate partner violence for men and women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE battered women; chronic disease; domestic violence; epidemiologic methods; spouse abuse ID PRIMARY-CARE PRACTICE; DOMESTIC VIOLENCE; AMERICAN-COLLEGE; FAMILY-PRACTICE; BATTERED WOMEN; ABUSED WOMEN; WIFE ABUSE; PREVALENCE; POPULATION; VICTIMIZATION AB Background: Few population-based studies have assessed the physical and mental health consequences of both psychological and physical intimate partner violence (IPV) among women or men victims. This study estimated IPV prevalence by type (physical, sexual, and psychological) and associated physical and mental health. consequences among women and men. Methods: The study analyzed data from the National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS) of women and men aged 18 to 65. This random-digit-dial telephone survey included questions about violent victimization and health status indicators. Results: A total of 28.9% of 6790 women and 22.9% of 7122 men had experienced physical, sexual, or psychological IPV during their lifetime. Women were significantly more likely than men to experience physical or sexual IPV (relative risk [RR] =2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] =2.1, 2.4) and abuse of power and control (RR=1.1, 95% CI=1.0, 1.2), but less likely than men to report verbal abuse alone (RR=0.8, 95% CI=0.7, 0.9). For both men and women, physical IPV victimization was associated with increased risk of current poor health; depressive symptoms; substance use; and developing a chronic disease, chronic mental illness, and injury. In general, abuse of power and control was more strongly associated with these health outcomes than was verbal abuse. When physical and psychological IPV scores were both included in logistic regression models, higher psychological IPV scores were more strongly associated with these health outcomes than were physical IPV scores. Conclusions: Both physical and psychological IPV are associated with significant physical and mental health consequences for both male and female victims. C1 Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Psychol, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Brownsville, TX USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Hlth Promot Educ & Behav, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Publ Hlth Educ, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA. RP Coker, AL (reprint author), Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, 1200 Herman Pressler, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 84 TC 753 Z9 765 U1 29 U2 141 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 260 EP 268 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00514-7 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00514-7 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 608WT UT WOS:000178871200004 PM 12406480 ER PT J AU Green, LW Kreuter, MW AF Green, LW Kreuter, MW TI Fighting back or fighting themselves? Community coalitions against substance abuse and their use of best practices SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID HEART-HEALTH-PROGRAM; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE PREVENTION; PROMOTION; OUTCOMES; LEVEL; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Extramural Prevent Res, Publ Hlth Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Green, LW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Extramural Prevent Res, Publ Hlth Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K56, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 303 EP 306 AR PII S0749-3797(02)00519-6 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(02)00519-6 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 608WT UT WOS:000178871200009 PM 12406485 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Lehman, JS Gatwood, J Hecht, FM Fleming, PL AF Lansky, A Lehman, JS Gatwood, J Hecht, FM Fleming, PL TI Changes in HIV testing after implementation of name-based HIV case surveillance in New Mexico SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Posit Hlth Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU606235]; PHS HHS [282-92-0048] NR 3 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1757 EP 1757 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.11.1757 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 608VU UT WOS:000178868600021 PM 12406803 ER PT J AU Lin, SS Clarke, CA O'Malley, CD Le, GM AF Lin, SS Clarke, CA O'Malley, CD Le, GM TI Studying cancer incidence and outcomes in immigrants: Methodological concerns SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ASIAN MIGRANTS; UNITED-STATES; BREAST-CANCER; AMERICAN WOMEN; DESCENDANTS; BIRTHPLACE; STAGE; SIZE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Albuquerque, NM USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Posit Hlth Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Lin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CN-65107] NR 15 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1757 EP 1759 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.11.1757-a PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 608VU UT WOS:000178868600022 PM 12406802 ER PT J AU Karpati, A Galea, S Awerbuch, T Levins, R AF Karpati, A Galea, S Awerbuch, T Levins, R TI Variability and vulnerability at the ecological level: Implications for understanding the social determinants of health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MULTILEVEL ANALYSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY; CONTEXT; RISK AB Objectives. We examined variability in disease rates to gain understanding of the complex interactions between contextual socioeconomic factors and health. Methods. We compared mortality rates between New York and California counties in the lowest and highest quartiles of socioeconomic status (SES), assessed rate variability between counties for various outcomes, and examined correlations between outcomes' sensitivity to SES and their variability. Results. Outcomes with mortality rates that differed most by county SES were among those whose variability across counties was high (e.g., AIDS, homicide, cirrhosis). Lower-SES counties manifested greater variability among outcome measures. Conclusions. Differences in health outcome variability reflect differences in SES impact on health. Health variability at the ecological level might reflect the impact of stressors on vulnerable populations. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Int Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Karpati, A (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth, Bur Community HealthWorks, 40 Worth St,Room 1607, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 17 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1768 EP 1772 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.11.1768 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 608VU UT WOS:000178868600025 PM 12406806 ER PT J AU Lafferty, WE Downey, L Holan, CM Lind, A Kassler, W Tao, GY Irwin, KL AF Lafferty, WE Downey, L Holan, CM Lind, A Kassler, W Tao, GY Irwin, KL TI Provision of sexual health services to adolescent enrollees in medicaid managed care SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PREVENTIVE SERVICES; CHLAMYDIA AB Objectives. This Seattle project measured sexual health services provided to 1112 Medicaid managed care enrollees aged 14 to 18 years. Methods. Three health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that provide Medicaid services for a capitated rate agreed to participate. These included a non-profit staff-model HMO, a for-profit independent practice association (IPA), and a non-profit alliance of community clinics. Analyses used health maintenance organizations' administrative data, chart reviews, and Medicaid encounter data. Results. Health maintenance organizations provided primary care to 54% and well care to 20% of Medicaid enrollees. Girls were more likely than boys to have their sexual history taken or to be given condom counseling. Only 27% of sexually active girls were tested for chlamydia, with significantly lower rates of testing among those who spoke English as a second language. The nonprofit staff-model plan outperformed the for-profit independent practice association on most measures. Conclusions. Substantial room for improvement exists in sexual health services delivery to adolescent Medicaid managed care enrollees. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Harborview Med Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Oregon Med Profess Review Org, Portland, OR USA. Washington State Med Assistance Adm, Olympia, WA USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lafferty, WE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Hlth Serv, Box 357660, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R30/CCR014906] NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1779 EP 1783 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.11.1779 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 608VU UT WOS:000178868600027 PM 12406808 ER PT J AU St Lawrence, JS Montano, DE Kasprzyk, D Phillips, WR Armstrong, K Leichliter, JS AF St Lawrence, JS Montano, DE Kasprzyk, D Phillips, WR Armstrong, K Leichliter, JS TI STD screening, testing, case reporting, and clinical and partner notification practices: A national survey of US physicians SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DISEASE AB Objectives. This study presents results from a national survey of US physicians that assessed screening, case reporting, partner management, and clinical practices for syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV infection. Methods. Surveys were mailed to a random sample of 7300 physicians to assess screening, testing, reporting, and partner notification for syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV. Results. Fewer than one third of physicians routinely screened men or women (pregnant or nonpregnant) for STDs. Case reporting was lowest for chlamydia (37%); intermediate for gonorrhea (44%), and higher for syphilis, HIV, and AIDS (53%-57%). Physicians instructed patients to notify their partners (82%-89%) or the health department (25%-34%) rather than doing so themselves. Conclusions. STD. screening levels are well below practice guidelines for women and virtually nonexistent for men. Case reporting levels are below those legally mandated; physicians rely instead on patients for partner notification. Health departments must increase collaboration with private physicians to improve the quality of STD care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div Std Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Battelle Ctr Publ Hlth Res & Evaluat, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Family Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP St Lawrence, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div Std Prevent, Mail Stop E-44,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. OI Phillips, William/0000-0003-2802-4349 FU PHS HHS [200-96-0599] NR 18 TC 147 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1784 EP 1788 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.11.1784 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 608VU UT WOS:000178868600028 PM 12406809 ER PT J AU Dye, BA Kruszon-Moran, D McQuillan, G AF Dye, BA Kruszon-Moran, D McQuillan, G TI The relationship between periodontal disease attributes and Helicobacter pylori infection among adults in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; DENTAL PLAQUE; CAMPYLOBACTER-PYLORI; GASTRIC-CANCER; ORAL CAVITY; PCR; TRANSMISSION; SALIVA; IDENTIFICATION; PREVALENCE AB Objectives. We investigated the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and abnormal periodontal conditions. Methods. Data from the first phase of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used. A total of 4504 participants aged 20 to 59 years who completed a periodontal examination and tested positive for H. pylori antibodies were examined. Results. Periodontal pockets with a depth of 5 mm or more were associated with increased odds of H. pylori seropositivity (odds ratio [OR]= 1.47; 95% confidence interval [Cl] 1.12, 1.94) after adjustment for sociodemographic factors. This association is comparable to the independent effects of poverty on H. pylori (OR= 1.54; 95% Cl = 1.10, 2.16). Conclusions. Poor periodontal health, characterized by advanced periodontal pockets, may be associated with H. pylori infection in adults, independent of poverty status. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Dye, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 48 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2002 VL 92 IS 11 BP 1809 EP 1815 DI 10.2105/AJPH.92.11.1809 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 608VU UT WOS:000178868600032 PM 12406813 ER PT J AU Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Galland, GG Williams, A Nace, D Williams, T AF Collins, WE Sullivan, JS Galland, GG Williams, A Nace, D Williams, T TI Potential of the Panama strain of Plasmodium vivax for the testing of malarial vaccines in Aotus nancymai monkeys SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS; MULTIPLE ANTIGEN CONSTRUCT; SALVADOR I-STRAIN; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE PROTEIN; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTIONS AB Aotus monkeys were infected with a strain of Plastmodium vivax from Panama to determine its potential for the testing of malarial vaccines. After sporozoite inoculation, 3 splenectomized Aotus nancymai that had been infected previously with Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax had prepatent periods of 13, 15, and 15 days with maximum parasite counts of 12,726/mul, 5,310/mul, and 9,180/mul. Three other A. nancymai previously infected with P. falciparum only had prepatent periods of 17, 15, and 15 days with maximum parasite counts of 44,460/mul, 31,500/mul, and 42,660/mul. One monkey with no previous history of infection had a prepatent period of 14 days after sporozoite inoculation, and a maximum parasite count of 100,000/mul; detectable parasitemia persisted for almost 500 days with 13 recognizable peaks in the parasite count. Anopheles dirus, Anopheles freeborni, Anopheles stephensi, and Anopheles quadritmaculatus mosquitoes were readily infected with the Panama strain. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Anim Resources Branch, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Collins, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Div Parasit Dis, MS F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 67 IS 5 BP 454 EP 458 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 619VH UT WOS:000179497800002 PM 12479543 ER PT J AU Nasci, RS Komar, N Marfin, AA Ludwig, GV Kramer, LD Daniels, TJ Falco, RC Campbell, SR Brookes, K Gottfried, KL Burkhalter, KL Aspen, SE Kerst, AJ Lanciotti, RS Moore, CG AF Nasci, RS Komar, N Marfin, AA Ludwig, GV Kramer, LD Daniels, TJ Falco, RC Campbell, SR Brookes, K Gottfried, KL Burkhalter, KL Aspen, SE Kerst, AJ Lanciotti, RS Moore, CG TI Detection of West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes and seropositive juvenile birds in the vicinity of virus-positive dead birds SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; CULEX MOSQUITOS; OUTBREAK; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE; ASSAY AB Mosquitoes and wild birds were collected from three sites near locations in the New York City metropolitan area where single, West Nile (WN) virus-positive dead birds were found early in the 2000 transmission season. The mosquitoes were tested for the presence of infectious virus with a Vero cell culture assay and for WN viral RNA by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocols. Serum samples from wild birds were tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies against WN virus. Infectious WN virus and WN viral RNA were found in Cidex species adult mosquitoes from each of the three sites, and a seropositive hatch-year house sparrow (Passer domesticus) was found in one of the three sites. Molecular techniques used to identify the species in the positive mosquito pools found that most of the pools contained a combination of Cidex pipiens and Cx. restuans. The minimum infection rate in Culex species mosquitoes from the sites ranged from 0.2 to 6.0 per 1,000 specimens tested. The results demonstrated that, at least early in the transmission season, detection of a WN virus-positive dead bird indicates a local WN virus transmission cycle. This information is valuable in focusing subsequent surveillance and vector management programs. In addition, the RT-PCR procedure for detecting WN viral RNA in mosquito pools detected more positive pools than did the Vero cell plaque assay. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Diagnost Syst Div, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Lab & Res, Arbovirus Lab, Slingerlands, NY 12159 USA. Fordham Univ, Louis Calder Ctr, Vector Ecol Lab, Armonk, NY 10504 USA. Suffolk Cty Dept Hlth, Yaphank, NY 11980 USA. RP Nasci, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Foothills Campus,Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 31 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 67 IS 5 BP 492 EP 496 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 619VH UT WOS:000179497800009 PM 12479550 ER PT J AU Costa, J Peterson, AT Beard, CB AF Costa, J Peterson, AT Beard, CB TI Ecologic niche modeling and differentiation of populations of Triatoma brasiliensis neiva, 1911, the most important Chagas' disease vector in northeastern Brazil (hemiptera, reduviidae, triatominae) SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTIONS; PREDICTION AB Ecologic niche modeling has allowed numerous advances in understanding the geographic ecology of species, including distributional predictions, distributional change and invasion, and assessment of ecologic differences. We used this tool to characterize ecologic differentiation of Triatoma brasiliensis populations, the most important Chagas' disease vector in northeastern Brazil. The species' ecologic niche was modeled based on data from the Fundaca (o) over tilde Nacional de Saude of Brazil (1997-1999) with the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-Set Prediction (GARP). This method involves a machine-learning approach to detecting associations between occurrence points and ecologic characteristics of regions. Four independent "ecologic niche models" were developed and used to test for ecologic differences among T. brasiliensis populations. These models confirmed four ecologically distinct and differentiated populations, and allowed characterization of dimensions of niche differentiation. Patterns of ecologic similarity matched patterns of molecular differentiation, suggesting that T brasiliensis is a complex of distinct populations at various points in the process of speciation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. RP Costa, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,F22, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RI Costa, Jane /K-6997-2012; OI Peterson, A. Townsend/0000-0003-0243-2379 NR 28 TC 84 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 67 IS 5 BP 516 EP 520 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 619VH UT WOS:000179497800013 PM 12479554 ER PT J AU Zimmer, AT Maynard, AD AF Zimmer, AT Maynard, AD TI Investigation of the aerosols produced by a high-speed, hand-held grinder using various substrates SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE grinding; particle size distribution; ultrafine aerosols ID ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; WOOD; DUST AB Mechanical processes such as grinding are classically thought to form micrometer scale aerosols through abrasion and attrition. High-speed grinding has been used as the basis for testing the hypothesis that ultrafine particles do not form a substantial component of mechanically generated aerosols. A wide variety of grinding substrates were selected for evaluation to represent the broad spectrum of materials available. To characterize the particle size distribution over particle sizes ranging from 4.2 nm to 20.5 mum, the aerosol-laden air collected from an enclosed chamber was split and directed to three aerosol instruments operated in parallel. Transmission electron microscope samples of the various grinding substrates were also collected. The results demonstrate that ultrafine particles do have the potential to form a significant component of a grinding aerosol for a number of substrates. It appears that the ultrafine aerosols were formed by the following processes: (i) from within the grinding motor, (ii) from the combustion of amenable grinding substrates and (iii) from volatilization of amenable grinding materials at the grinding wheel/substrate interface. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Zimmer, AT (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Maynard, Andrew/D-1076-2010; OI Maynard, Andrew/0000-0003-2117-5128 NR 16 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 46 IS 8 BP 663 EP 672 DI 10.1093/annhyg/mcf089 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 618HB UT WOS:000179411700003 PM 12406860 ER PT J AU Cuenca-Estrella, M Lee-Yang, W Ciblak, MA Arthington-Skaggs, BA Mellado, E Warnock, DW Rodriguez-Tudela, JL AF Cuenca-Estrella, M Lee-Yang, W Ciblak, MA Arthington-Skaggs, BA Mellado, E Warnock, DW Rodriguez-Tudela, JL TI Comparative evaluation of NCCLS M27-A and EUCAST broth microdilution procedures for antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO; INVASIVE CANDIDIASIS; MURINE MODEL; FLUCONAZOLE; VARIABLES; VITRO; YEASTS AB A two-laboratory study was performed to evaluate the correlation between the NCCLS M27-A and EUCAST microdilution procedures for antifungal testing of Candida spp. A panel of 109 bloodstream isolates was tested against amphotericin B, flucytosine, fluconazole, and itraconazole. Overall, the agreement was 92% and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.90 (P < 0.05). C1 Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Micol, Majadahonda 28220, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rodriguez-Tudela, JL (reprint author), Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Serv Micol, Ctra Majadahonda Pozuelo Km 2, Majadahonda 28220, Spain. NR 14 TC 70 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 46 IS 11 BP 3644 EP 3647 DI 10.1128/AAC.46.11.3644-3647.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 606BK UT WOS:000178712800050 PM 12384382 ER PT J AU Wong, GC Berman, BA Hoang, T Bernaards, C Jones, C Bernert, JT AF Wong, GC Berman, BA Hoang, T Bernaards, C Jones, C Bernert, JT TI Children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in the home: Comparison of urine cotinine and parental reports SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE children; cotinine; environmental tobacco smoke; survey design ID PASSIVE EXPOSURE; ASTHMA; PREVALENCE; HOUSEHOLD; CHILDHOOD; BEHAVIOR; INFANTS; WOMEN; HAIR; AGE AB The authors examined the relationship between parent-reported estimates of children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the home and children's urinary cotinine levels. Data were collected from a largely ethnic minority, low-income, urban sample of households in which a child had asthma and at least 1 household member smoked. Information about level of household smoking restriction, parental smoking status, and number of cigarettes smoked per day accounted for approximately 45% of the variance in cotinine concentration. Detailed information about the duration of household smoking or children's ETS exposure added no additional significant information. Questionnaires eliciting detailed information about smoking habits and children's ETS exposure may be no better at predicting children's urinary cotinine levels than simpler surveys that inquire about smoking restrictions in the home, parental smoking status, and number of cigarettes smoked at home per day. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr A2 125 CHS, Div Canc Prevent & Control Res, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Stat, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ So Calif, Med Ctr, Div Allergy & Immunol, Los Angeles, CA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Air Toxicants Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Berman, BA (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Jonsson Comprehens Canc Ctr A2 125 CHS, Div Canc Prevent & Control Res, Box 956900, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL53957] NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU HELDREF PUBLICATIONS PI WASHINGTON PA 1319 EIGHTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-1802 USA SN 0003-9896 J9 ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH JI Arch. Environ. Health PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 57 IS 6 BP 584 EP 590 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 665JD UT WOS:000182115700011 PM 12696657 ER PT J AU Nakagomi, T Gentsch, JR Das, BK Kumar, R Bhan, MK Glass, RI Nakagomi, O AF Nakagomi, T Gentsch, JR Das, BK Kumar, R Bhan, MK Glass, RI Nakagomi, O TI Molecular characterization of serotype G2 and G3 human rotavirus strains that have an apparently identical electropherotype of the short RNA pattern SO ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; GENOGROUPS; DIVERSITY; GENOME; INDIA; VP7 AB The literature is conflicting whether or not rotavirus strains with different G serotype have an identical electropherotype. This is a contentious but an important issue because large parts of molecular epidemiological studies of rotaviruses have been based on the conception that a single strain of rotavirus can be defined by a single electropherotype. Here, we examined in detail by reverse-transcription PCR genotyping, electropherotyping, sequencing, and genogrouping using RNA-RNA hybridization three human rotavirus strains isolated in India that had apparently identical electropherotypes although one strain was typed as P[4], G3 while the other two typed as P[4], G2. These three strains showed an identical electropherotype on 7.5% and 12.5% polyacrylamide gels, but co-electrophoresis on a 10% gel demonstrated that segment 8 of the P[4], G3 strain migrated more slowly than the cognate segment of the P[4], G2 strains. Genogrouping assay and nucleotide sequencing provided evidence for the hypothesis that the P[4], G3 stain was an intergenogroup reassortant in which a P[4], G2 strain of the DS-1 genogroup had acquired the VP7 gene from an yet-unidentified concurrently circulating G3 strain. While electropherotyping remains a valuable asset for molecular epidemiology of rotaviruses, this study underscores the importance of co-electrophoresis under different electrophoretic conditions when pinpointing subtle differences. C1 Akita Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Akita 010, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, Div Gastroenterol & Enter Infect, New Delhi, India. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, Div Gastroenterol & Enter Infect, New Delhi, India. RP Nakagomi, T (reprint author), Akita Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Akita 010, Japan. NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 0304-8608 J9 ARCH VIROL JI Arch. Virol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 147 IS 11 BP 2187 EP 2195 DI 10.1007/s00705-002-0861-z PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 615BP UT WOS:000179226200010 PM 12417952 ER PT J AU Yates, TL Mills, JN Parmenter, CA Ksiazek, TG Parmenter, RR Vande Castle, JR Calisher, CH Nichol, ST Abbott, KD Young, JC Morrison, ML Beaty, BJ Dunnum, JL Baker, RJ Salazar-Bravo, J Peters, CJ AF Yates, TL Mills, JN Parmenter, CA Ksiazek, TG Parmenter, RR Vande Castle, JR Calisher, CH Nichol, ST Abbott, KD Young, JC Morrison, ML Beaty, BJ Dunnum, JL Baker, RJ Salazar-Bravo, J Peters, CJ TI The ecology and evolutionary history of an emergent disease: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; KOREAN HEMORRHAGIC-FEVER; SIN-NOMBRE-VIRUS; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; LONG-TERM; EL-NINO; POPULATIONS; PREVALENCE C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Pathol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ New Mexico, Museum SW Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Colorado State Univ, Arthropod Borne & Infect Dis Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Yavapai Coll, Dept Biol, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Biol, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Museum, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RP Yates, TL (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. EM tyates@unm.edu NR 39 TC 178 Z9 191 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD NOV PY 2002 VL 52 IS 11 BP 989 EP 998 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0989:TEAEHO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 613NJ UT WOS:000179138100006 ER PT J AU Cullotta, AR Kalter, HD Delgado, J Gilman, RH Facklam, RR Velapatino, B Coronel, J Cabrera, L Urbina, M AF Cullotta, AR Kalter, HD Delgado, J Gilman, RH Facklam, RR Velapatino, B Coronel, J Cabrera, L Urbina, M TI Antimicrobial susceptibilities and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from a low socioeconomic area in Lima, Peru SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CAPSULAR TYPES; SYSTEMIC INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; RESISTANCE; STRAINS AB Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates were obtained from nasopharyngeal swabs taken from children living in a low socioeconomic area of Lima, Peru, to determine the rates of antimicrobial resistance and serotype distribution. A total of 146 nasopharyngeal isolates were collected from children from 3 to 38 months of age. Twenty-one clinical laboratory isolates from both sterile and nonsterile sites were obtained from a local hospital. Isolates with reduced susceptibilities to penicillin represented 15.1 and 42.9% of the nasopharyngeal and clinical isolates, respectively. For neither group of isolates did penicillin MICs exceed 1.5 mug/ml, indicating only intermediate resistance. Thirty-two different serotypes were identified from the 146 nasopharyngeal isolates. The serotypes of the clinical isolates were represented among those 32 types. Isolates with reduced susceptibility to multiple antimicrobial agents were present in both settings. These findings indicate some of the highest rates of antimicrobial resistance in the region as well as a slightly different serotype distribution pattern from those of other South American countries. The 7-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccines would only have a limited effect, providing coverage for about half of all isolates. Increasing rates of resistance in Peru necessitate an awareness of antimicrobial treatment practices and vaccination strategies. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Emory Univ Hosp, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Resp Dis Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. AB PRISMA, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Infect Dis Lab, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. Hosp Maria Auxiliadora, Lima, Peru. RP Gilman, RH (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, 615 N Wolfe St,Rm W5039, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 17 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1328 EP 1331 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.6.1328-1331.2002 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 615WV UT WOS:000179271100028 PM 12414769 ER PT J AU Castro, AR Kikkert, SE Fears, MB Pope, V AF Castro, AR Kikkert, SE Fears, MB Pope, V TI Defibrination of blood plasma for use in serological tests for syphilis SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Syphilitic plasma can be salvaged from discarded blood donations and converted to serum by defibrination. Sixty-nine units of plasma were treated with a stock solution of 100 U of thrombin per ml in I M calcium chloride and then with a 10% (wt/vol) solution of kaolin. Fibrinogen concentrations detected in initial plasma samples ranged from 94 to 4,970 mg/liter (mean, 2,532 mg/liter) for samples that were reactive by the rapid plasma reagin circle card test (RPR) and from 314 to 2,742 mg/liter (mean 1,528 mg/liter) for samples that were not reactive by the RPR. The treated samples showed no measurable fibrinogen remaining after the defibrination process. In the nontreponemal RPR for syphilis, 86% of the treated plasma samples retained the same endpoint titer as that of the initial plasma sample. When the Treponema pallidum passive-particle-agglutination test was used, 98% retained the same reactivity. In the Captia Syphilis-G enzyme immunoassay, 139% of the treated samples demonstrated no change in reactivity index, and in the fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test, 96% showed no reduction in fluorescence. Human sera containing antibodies to syphilis are used at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the preparation of reference controls or as samples for proficiency testing. Finding reactive sera is becoming more difficult due to the general decline of syphilis cases in the United States. The decreasing availability of these sera can be alleviated by salvaging plasma and converting it to serum. C1 CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Syphilis & Chlamydia Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Castro, AR (reprint author), CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Syphilis & Chlamydia Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop D-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1376 EP 1378 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.6.1376-1378.2002 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 615WV UT WOS:000179271100037 PM 12414778 ER PT J AU Benin, AL Benson, RF Besser, RE AF Benin, AL Benson, RF Besser, RE TI Trends in legionnaires disease, 1980-1998: Declining mortality and new patterns of diagnosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; URINARY ANTIGEN; MANAGEMENT; GUIDELINES; ADULTS; SURVEILLANCE; OUTBREAK; SEVERITY AB New diagnostic tests and empirical therapy for pneumonia may have important ramifications for the identification, treatment, and control of legionnaires disease (LD). To determine trends in the epidemiology of LD, we analyzed data for 1980-1998 from the passive surveillance system of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. During this time period, there were 6757 confirmed cases of LD (median annual number, 360 cases/year). Diagnosis by culture and by direct fluorescent antibody and serologic testing decreased significantly; diagnosis by urine antigen testing increased from 0% to 69%. The frequency of isolates other than Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (LP1) decreased from 38% to 4% (P = .003). The case-fatality rate de creased significantly, from 34% to 12% (P < .001) for all cases, from 46% to 14% (P < .001) for nosocomial cases, and from 26% to 10% (P = .05) for community-acquired cases. LD-related mortality has decreased dramatically. The decrease in culture-based diagnosis limits the recognition of non-LP1 disease and impairs outbreak investigation, because fewer Legionella isolates are provided for further examination. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Besser, RE (reprint author), MSC-23,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 167 Z9 177 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1039 EP 1046 DI 10.1086/342903 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 604VF UT WOS:000178641200006 PM 12384836 ER PT J AU Glynn, MK Friedman, CR Gold, BD Khanna, B Hutwagner, L Iihoshi, N Revollo, C Quick, R AF Glynn, MK Friedman, CR Gold, BD Khanna, B Hutwagner, L Iihoshi, N Revollo, C Quick, R TI Seroincidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in a cohort of rural Bolivian children: Acquisition and analysis of possible risk factors SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HIGH PREVALENCE; DRINKING-WATER; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CHILE; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; SEROPREVALENCE; POPULATION; COUNTRIES; FAMILIES AB High seroprevalence rates for Helicobacter pylori are reported in developing countries, yet few seroincidence studies exist that determine age of initial acquisition and risk factors for H. pylori seroconversion. Two H. pylori serosurveys were conducted in August 1996 and November 1997. Of 188 children aged 21 months to 6 years who were seronegative in the first survey, 44 (23%) had seroconverted at follow-up, yielding an 18% annual seroincidence. The largest increase in seroincidence occurred between children aged 2 years (10%) and children aged 3 years (32%). Use of a lidded, narrow-mouthed water vessel was protective against seroconversion (odds ratio [OR], 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.1-0.8), and the presence of another H. pylori-seropositive sibling in the household was a risk factor for seroconversion (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3-8.7). Although not a randomized intervention trial, this study suggests that the use of a narrow-mouthed water vessel may prevent the transmission of H. pylori in households in developing countries. C1 Community & Child Hlth Project, La Paz, Bolivia. Natl Ctr Trop Dis, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Pediat Gastroenterol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Bioterrorism Preparedness & Response Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Glynn, MK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 46 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1059 EP 1065 DI 10.1086/342910 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 604VF UT WOS:000178641200009 PM 12384839 ER PT J AU Panackal, AA Hajjeh, RA Cetron, MS Warnock, DW AF Panackal, AA Hajjeh, RA Cetron, MS Warnock, DW TI Fungal infections among returning travelers SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PENICILLIUM-MARNEFFEI; PRACTICE GUIDELINES; UNITED-STATES; COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS; HISTOPLASMOSIS; OUTBREAK; CALIFORNIA; PULMONARY; SOCIETY AB Endemic mycoses, such as histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, and penicilliosis, have emerged as important health threats among travelers to regions of the world where these infections are endemic. Travelers have developed fungal infections as a result of a wide range of recreational and work activities, many of which have involved well-recognized risk factors for these diseases. In some instances, infections have been acquired during short trips, whereas, in other instances, infection has been acquired during a longer period of residence in an area where the infection is endemic. Travelers need to be made aware of the risks of acquiring mycotic diseases when visiting such regions. Health care providers need to consider these infections in their differential diagnosis among returning travelers with respiratory illness and should be familiar with the treatment and prevention of these diseases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 59 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1088 EP 1095 DI 10.1086/344061 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 604VF UT WOS:000178641200014 PM 12384843 ER PT J AU Spradling, P Drociuk, D McLaughlin, S Lee, LM Peloquin, CA Gallicano, K Pozsik, C Onorato, I Castro, KG Ridzon, R AF Spradling, P Drociuk, D McLaughlin, S Lee, LM Peloquin, CA Gallicano, K Pozsik, C Onorato, I Castro, KG Ridzon, R TI Drug-drug interactions in inmates treated for human immunodeficiency virus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or disease: An institutional tuberculosis outbreak SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 09-14, 2000 CL DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL DRUGS; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; HEPATITIS-C; RIFABUTIN; HEPATOTOXICITY; ABSORPTION; MORTALITY; USERS AB The use of rifamycins is limited by drug interactions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons who are receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). During a tuberculosis (TB) outbreak at a prison housing HIV-infected inmates, rifabutin was used to treat 238 men (13 case patients and 225 contacts). Steady-state peak plasma rifabutin concentrations were obtained after rifabutin dosages were adjusted for men receiving single-interacting HAART (with either 1 protease inhibitor [PI] or efavirenz), multi-interacting HAART (with either 2 PIs or greater than or equal to1 PI with efavirenz), and for noninteracting HAART (>1 nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor or no HAART) without rifabutin dose adjustments. Low rifabutin concentrations occurred in 9% of those receiving noninteracting HAART, compared with 19% of those receiving single-interacting and 29% of those receiving multi-interacting HAART (chi(2), 3.76; P = .05). Of 225 contacts treated with rifabutin-pyrazinamide, 158 (70%) completed treatment while incarcerated. Rifabutin-pyrazinamide therapy was difficult to implement, because of the need for dosage adjustments and expert clinical management. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. Natl Jewish Med & Res Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Axelson Biopharma Res, Burnaby, BC, Canada. Ottawa Gen Hosp, Clin Invest Unit, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada. RP Spradling, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 9 BP 1106 EP 1112 DI 10.1086/343047 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 604VF UT WOS:000178641200016 PM 12384845 ER PT J AU Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV Vinicor, F AF Engelgau, MM Narayan, KMV Vinicor, F TI Identifying the target population for primary prevention: The trade-offs SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Editorial Material ID TYPE-2 DIABETES-MELLITUS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; LIFE-STYLE; PEOPLE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Engelgau, MM (reprint author), 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1701 N BEAUREGARD ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1717 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2002 VL 25 IS 11 BP 2098 EP 2099 DI 10.2337/diacare.25.11.2098 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 724UG UT WOS:000185504600032 PM 12401762 ER PT J AU Abbas, ZG Gill, GV Archibald, LK AF Abbas, ZG Gill, GV Archibald, LK TI The epidemiology of diabetic limb sepsis: an African perspective SO DIABETIC MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE foot infection; hand infection; hand sepsis; limb sepsis; diabetes; developing countries; tropical diabetic hand syndrome; Africa ID SOUTH-AFRICA; HAND SEPSIS; MELLITUS; COMPLICATIONS AB We review the epidemiology of foot and hand sepsis in adult diabetes patients in Africa. Limb sepsis in these patients is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of diabetic foot infections in these patient populations appears to be similar to that for patients in industrialized countries-ulcers and underlying peripheral neuropathy being the most important risk factors. Prevention of peripheral neuropathy through aggressive glycaemic control may be the most important primary control measure for foot infections. The tropical diabetic hand syndrome (TDHS) is being increasingly seen in diabetes patients in certain parts of Africa. The syndrome is acute, usually follows minor trauma to the hand, and is associated with a progressive synergistic form of gangrene. The major risk factors for TDHS are unknown but recent data suggest poor glycaemic control is associated with poor outcome. Treatment of TDHS requires aggressive surgery. Hence, preventive efforts for both foot and hand sepsis include aggressive glucose control, and education on hand and foot care and the importance of seeking medical attention promptly at the earliest onset of symptoms. C1 Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. Muhimbili Univ, Coll Hlth Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gill, GV (reprint author), Univ Liverpool, Liverpool Sch Trop Med, Pembroke Pl, Liverpool L3 5QA, Merseyside, England. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0742-3071 J9 DIABETIC MED JI Diabetic Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 19 IS 11 BP 895 EP 899 DI 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00825.x PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 621AA UT WOS:000179565300002 PM 12421425 ER PT J AU Navin, TR McNabb, SJN Crawford, JT AF Navin, TR McNabb, SJN Crawford, JT TI The continued threat of tuberculosis SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Navin, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1187 EP 1187 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700001 PM 12453340 ER PT J AU Castro, KG Jaffe, HW AF Castro, KG Jaffe, HW TI Rationale and methods for the national tuberculosis genotyping and surveillance network SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; EXOGENOUS REINFECTION; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK; POPULATION; INFECTION; IS6110; STATE AB Our understanding of tuberculosis (TB) transmission dynamics has been refined by genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network was designed and implemented to systematically evaluate the role of genotyping technology in improving TB prevention and control activities. Genotyping proved a useful adjunct to investigations of outbreaks, unusual clusters, and laboratory cross-contamination. C1 CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Castro, KG (reprint author), CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1188 EP 1191 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700002 PM 12453341 ER PT J AU Crawford, JT Braden, CR Schable, BA Onorato, IM AF Crawford, JT Braden, CR Schable, BA Onorato, IM TI National tuberculosis genotyping and surveillance network: Design and methods SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; RECOMMENDATIONS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK AB The National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network was established in 1996 to perform a 5-year, prospective study of the usefulness of genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates to tuberculosis control programs. Seven sentinel sites identified all new cases of tuberculosis, collected information on patients and contacts, and obtained patient isolates. Seven genotyping laboratories performed DNA finger-print analysis by the international standard IS6110 method. Biolmage Whole Band Analyzer software was used to analyze patterns, and distinct patterns were assigned unique designations. Isolates with six or fewer bands on IS6110 patterns were also spoligotyped. Patient data and genotyping designations were entered in a relational database and merged with selected variables from the national surveillance database. In two related databases, we compiled the results of routine contact investigations and the results of investigations of the relationships of patients who had isolates with matching genotypes. We describe the methods used in the study. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crawford, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop F08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1192 EP 1196 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700003 PM 12453342 ER PT J AU Ellis, BA Crawford, JT Braden, CR McNabb, SJN Moore, M Kammerer, S AF Ellis, BA Crawford, JT Braden, CR McNabb, SJN Moore, M Kammerer, S CA Natl Tuberculosis Genotyping Surv TI Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis in a sentinel surveillance population SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; SAN-FRANCISCO; TRANSMISSION; PATTERNS; INFECTION AB We conducted a population-based study to assess demographic and risk-factor correlates for the most frequently occurring Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes from tuberculosis (TB) patients. The study included all incident, culture-positive TB patients from seven sentinel surveillance sites in the United States from 1996 to 2000. M. tuberculosis isolates were genotyped by IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism and spoligotyping. Genotyping was available for 90% of 11,923 TB patients. Overall, 48% of cases had isolates that matched those from another patient, including 64% of U.S.-born and 35% of foreign-born patients. By logistic regression analysis, risk factors for clustering of genotypes were being male, U.S.-born, black, homeless, and infected with HIV; having pulmonary disease with cavitations on chest radiograph and a sputum smear with acid-fast bacilli; and excessive drug or alcohol use. Molecular characterization of TB isolates permitted risk correlates for clusters and specific genotypes to be described and provided information regarding cluster dynamics over time. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ellis, BA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E79, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1197 EP 1209 PG 13 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700004 PM 12453343 ER PT J AU Braden, CR Crawford, JT Schable, BA AF Braden, CR Crawford, JT Schable, BA TI Quality assessment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotyping in a large laboratory network SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Quality assessment exercises were conducted to evaluate the reproducibility of IS6110 DNA fingerprinting performed by eight laboratories in the National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network. Three panels, each with 8 to 16 isolates, were typed at all laboratories, resulting in 280 images. When the pattern obtained by the majority for each isolate was used as the standard, exact matches were obtained for 73% of patterns; 90% and 97% of patterns matched within one- and two-band differences, respectively. A second approach involved retyping of randomly selected isolates at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retyping was done for 8-19 isolates per laboratory (76 total). Paired images matched exactly for 54% of isolates and within one and two band differences, 78% and 93%, respectively. We evaluated reasons for mismatching. We also evaluated the reproducibility of spoligotyping using a test panel of 13 isolates; a discrepancy of 1 in 91 results was noted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Braden, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop A38,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1210 EP 1215 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700005 PM 12453344 ER PT J AU Sun, SJ Bennett, DE Flood, J Loeffler, AM Kammerer, S Ellis, BA AF Sun, SJ Bennett, DE Flood, J Loeffler, AM Kammerer, S Ellis, BA TI Identifying the sources of tuberculosis in young children: A multistate investigation SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; PEDIATRIC TUBERCULOSIS; CHILDHOOD TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; STRAINS AB To better understand the molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) transmission for culture-confirmed patients <5 years of age, data were analyzed from a population-based study conducted in seven U.S. sites from 1996 to 2000. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates were genotyped with IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and spoligotyping. Case-patient data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's national tuberculosis registry and health department records. Routine public health investigations conducted by local health departments identified suspected source patients for 57 (51%) of 111 culture-confirmed patients <5 years of age. For 8 (15%) of 52 culture-confirmed patients <5 years of age and their suspected source patients with complete genotyping results, genotypes suggested infection with different TB strains. Potential differences between sources for patients <5 years of age and source patients that transmitted TB to adolescent and adult patients were identified. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sun, SJ (reprint author), 2151 Berkeley Way,Room 608, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 32 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1216 EP 1223 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700006 PM 12453345 ER PT J AU Bennett, DE Onorato, IM Ellis, BA Crawford, JT Schable, B Byers, R Kammerer, JS Braden, CR AF Bennett, DE Onorato, IM Ellis, BA Crawford, JT Schable, B Byers, R Kammerer, JS Braden, CR TI DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from epidemiologically linked case pairs SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION AB DNA fingerprinting was used to evaluate epidemiologically linked case pairs found during routine tuberculosis (TB) contact investigations in seven sentinel sites from 1996 to 2000. Transmission was confirmed when the DNA fingerprints of source and secondary cases matched. Of 538 case pairs identified, 156 (29%) did not have matching fingerprints. Case pairs from the same household were no more likely to have confirmed transmission than those linked elsewhere. Case pairs with unconfirmed transmission were more likely to include a smear-negative source case (odds ratio [OR] 2.0) or a foreign-born secondary case (OR 3.4) and less likely to include a secondary case <15 years old (OR 0.3). Our study suggests that contact investigations should focus not only on the household but also on all settings frequented by an index case. Foreign-born persons with TB may have been infected previously in high-prevalence countries; screening and preventive measures recommended by the Institute of Medicine could prevent TB reactivation in these cases. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent SE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bennett, DE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent SE, Mailstop E46,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1224 EP 1229 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700007 PM 12453346 ER PT J AU Munsiff, SS Bassoff, T Nivin, B Li, JH Sharma, S Bifani, P Mathema, B Driscoll, J Kreiswirth, BN AF Munsiff, SS Bassoff, T Nivin, B Li, JH Sharma, S Bifani, P Mathema, B Driscoll, J Kreiswirth, BN TI Molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, New York City, 1995-1997 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FRAGMENT-LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; STRAIN; RECOMMENDATIONS; DIFFERENTIATION; NATIONWIDE; EMERGENCE AB From January 1, 1995, to December 31, 1997, we reviewed records of all New York City patients who had multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB); we performed insertion sequence (IS) 6110-based DNA geno-typing on the isolates. Secondary genotyping was performed for low IS6110 copy band strains. Patients with identical DNA pattern strains were considered clustered. From 1995 through 1997, MDRTB was diagnosed in 241 patients; 217 (90%) had no prior treatment history, and 166 (68.9%) were born in the United States or Puerto Rico. Compared with non-MDRTB patients, MDRTB patients were more likely to be born in the United States, have HIV infection, and work in health care. Genotyping results were available for 234 patients; 153 (65.4%) were clustered, 126 (82.3%) of them in eight clusters of >4 patients. Epidemiologic links were identified for 30 (12.8%) patients; most had been exposed to patients diagnosed before the study period. These strains were likely transmitted in the early 1990s when MDRTB outbreaks and tuberculosis transmission were widespread in New York. C1 New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. TB Ctr, Publ Hlth Res Inst, Newark, NJ USA. Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. RP Munsiff, SS (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, 125 Worth St,Room 216,CN74, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 33 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1230 EP 1238 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700008 PM 12453347 ER PT J AU McElroy, PD Sterling, TR Driver, CR Kreiswirth, B Woodley, CL Cronin, WA Hardge, DX Shilkret, KL Ridzon, R AF McElroy, PD Sterling, TR Driver, CR Kreiswirth, B Woodley, CL Cronin, WA Hardge, DX Shilkret, KL Ridzon, R TI Use of DNA fingerprinting to investigate a multiyear, multistate tuberculosis outbreak SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MOLECULAR METHODS; SOCIAL NETWORK; TRANSMISSION; STRAIN; POPULATION AB In 1998-1999, the Baltimore TB control program detected a cluster of 21 tuberculosis (TB) cases. Patients reported frequent travel to various East Coast cities. An investigation was conducted to determine whether transmission of the same Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain was occurring in these other localities. A collaborative investigation among federal, state, and local TB controllers included TB record reviews, interviews of patients, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of selected M. tuberculosis isolates from diagnosed TB patients in several cities in 1996-2001. A national TB genotyping database was searched for RFLP patterns that matched the outbreak pattern. Eighteen additional outbreak-related cases were detected outside of Baltimore-the earliest diagnosed in New Jersey in 1996, and the most recent in New York City in late 2001. The outbreak demonstrates the need for strategies to detect links among patients diagnosed with TB across multiple TB control jurisdictions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baltimore City Dept Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Publ Hlth Res Inst, New York, NY USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. RP McElroy, PD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Mailstop E10,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1252 EP 1256 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700012 PM 12453351 ER PT J AU Ijaz, K Yang, ZH Matthews, S Bates, JH Cave, MD AF Ijaz, K Yang, ZH Matthews, S Bates, JH Cave, MD TI Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission between cluster members with similar fingerprint patterns SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAINS; POLYMORPHISM; STABILITY; PTBN12 AB Molecular epidemiologic studies provide evidence of transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis within clusters of patients whose isolates share identical IS6110-DNA fingerprint patterns. However, M. tuberculosis transmission among patients whose isolates have similar but not identical DNA fingerprint patterns (i.e., differing by a single band) has not been well documented. We used DNA fingerprinting, combined with conventional epidemiology, to show unsuspected patterns of tuberculosis transmission associated with three public bars in the same city. Among clustered TB cases, DNA fingerprinting analysis of isolates with similar and identical fingerprints helped us discover epiderniologic links missed during routine tuberculosis contact investigations. C1 Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Cent Arkansas Vet Healthcare Serv, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Cave, MD (reprint author), Univ Arkansas Med Sci, 4301 W Markham,Slot 510, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1257 EP 1259 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700013 PM 12453352 ER PT J AU Jasmer, RM Roemer, M Hamilton, J Bunter, J Braden, CR Shinnick, TM Desmond, EP AF Jasmer, RM Roemer, M Hamilton, J Bunter, J Braden, CR Shinnick, TM Desmond, EP TI A prospective, multicenter study of laboratory cross-contamination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FALSE-POSITIVE CULTURES; RECOMMENDATIONS AB A prospective study of false-positive cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that resulted from laboratory cross-contamination was conducted at three laboratories in California. Laboratory cross-contamination accounted for 2% of the positive cultures. Cross-contamination should be a concern when an isolate matches the genotype of another sample processed during the same period. C1 San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Santa Clara Valley Med Ctr, San Jose, CA 95128 USA. Solano Cty Publ Hlth Lab, Vallejo, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Jasmer, RM (reprint author), San Francisco Gen Hosp, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Med Ctr, Room 5K-1,1001 Potrero Ave, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. NR 15 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1260 EP 1263 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700014 PM 12453353 ER PT J AU Northrup, JM Miller, AC Nardell, E Sharnprapai, S Etkind, S Driscoll, J McGarry, M Taber, HW Elvin, P Qualls, NL Braden, CR AF Northrup, JM Miller, AC Nardell, E Sharnprapai, S Etkind, S Driscoll, J McGarry, M Taber, HW Elvin, P Qualls, NL Braden, CR TI Estimated costs of false laboratory diagnoses of tuberculosis in three patients SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; POSITIVE CULTURES; TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; RECOMMENDATIONS; POPULATION AB We estimated direct medical and nonmedical costs associated with a false diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) caused by laboratory cross-contamination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures in Massachusetts in 1998 and 1999. For three patients who received misdiagnoses of active TB disease on the basis of laboratory cross-contamination, the costs totaled U.S.$32,618. Of the total, 97% was attributed to the public sector (local and state health departments, public health hospital and laboratory, and county and state correctional facilities); 3% to the private sector (physicians, hospitals, and laboratories); and <1% to the patient. Hospitalizations and inpatient tests, procedures, and TB medications accounted for 69% of costs, and outpatient TB medications accounted for 18%. The average cost per patient was $10,873 (range, $1,033-$21,306). Reducing laboratory cross-contamination and quickly identifying patients with cross-contaminated cultures can prevent unnecessary and potentially dangerous treatment regimens and anguish for the patient and financial burden to the health-care system. C1 Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Northrup, JM (reprint author), State Lab Inst, Div TB Prevent & Control, 305 South St, Boston, MA 02130 USA. NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1264 EP 1270 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700015 PM 12453354 ER PT J AU Oh, P Granich, R Scott, J Sun, B Joseph, M Stringfield, C Thisdell, S Staley, J Workman-Malcolm, D Borenstein, L Lehnkering, E Ryan, P Soukup, J Nitta, A Flood, J AF Oh, P Granich, R Scott, J Sun, B Joseph, M Stringfield, C Thisdell, S Staley, J Workman-Malcolm, D Borenstein, L Lehnkering, E Ryan, P Soukup, J Nitta, A Flood, J TI Human Exposure following Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection of Multiple Animal Species in a Metropolitan Zoo SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; OUTBREAK AB From 1997 to 2000, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was diagnosed in two Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), three Rocky Mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), and one black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in the Los Angeles Zoo. DNA fingerprint patterns suggested recent transmission. An investigation found no active cases of tuberculosis in humans; however, tuberculin skin-test conversions in humans were associated with training elephants and attending an elephant necropsy. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, TB Control Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. Los Angeles Zoo, Los Angeles, CA USA. City Los Angeles Occupat Hlth Serv Div, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Flood, J (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, TB Control Branch, 2151 Berkeley Way,Room 608, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 15 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1290 EP 1293 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700019 PM 12453358 ER PT J AU Cowan, LS Crawford, JT AF Cowan, LS Crawford, JT TI Genotype analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from a sentinel surveillance population SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID IS6110 INSERTION SITES; STRAINS; COMPLEX; POLYMORPHISM; DIVERSITY; NUMBER AB As part of the National Tuberculosis and Genotyping Surveillance Network, isolates obtained from all new cases of tuberculosis occurring in seven geographically separate surveillance sites from 1996 through 2000 were genotyped. A total of 10,883 isolates were fingerprinted by the IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism method, yielding 6,128 distinct patterns. Low-copy isolates (those with six or fewer bands) were also spoligotyped. The distribution of specific genotype clusters was examined. Databases were also examined for families of related genotypes. Analysis of IS6110 patterns showed 497 patterns related to the W-Beijing family; these pattens represent 946 (9%) of all isolates in the study. Six new sets of related fingerprint patterns were also proposed for isolates containing 6-15 copies of IS6110. These fingerprint sets contain up to 251 patterns and 414 isolates; together, they contain 21% of isolates in this copy number range. These sets of fingerprints may represent endemic strains distributed across the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Crawford, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop F08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1294 EP 1302 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700020 PM 12453359 ER PT J AU McNabb, SJN Braden, CR Navin, TR AF McNabb, SJN Braden, CR Navin, TR TI DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Lessons learned and implications for the future SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK-CITY; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CROSS-CONTAMINATION; RECENT TRANSMISSION; HOMELESS ADULTS; SAN-FRANCISCO; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; POPULATION AB DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-a relatively new laboratory technique-offers promise as a powerful aid in the prevention and control of tuberculosis (TB). Established in 1996 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the National Tuberculosis Genotyping and Surveillance Network was a 5-year prospective, population-based study of DNA fingerprinting conducted from 1996 to 2000. The data from this study suggest multiple molecular epidemiologic and program management uses for DNA fingerprinting in TB public health practice. From these data, we also gain a clearer understanding of the overall diversity of M. tuberculosis strains as well as the presence of endemic strains in the United States. We summarize the key findings and the impact that DNA fingerprinting may have on future approaches to TB control. Although challenges and limitations to the use of DNA fingerprinting exist, the widespread implementation of the technique into routine TB prevention and control practices appears scientifically justified. C1 CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNabb, SJN (reprint author), CDCP, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 58 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1314 EP 1319 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700024 PM 12453363 ER PT J AU Filliol, I Driscoll, JR van Soolingen, D Kreiswirth, BN Kremer, K Valetudie, G Anh, DD Barlow, R Banerjee, D Bifani, PJ Brudey, K Cataldi, A Cooksey, RC Cousins, DV Dale, JW Dellagostin, OA Drobniewski, F Engelmann, G Ferdinand, S Binzi, DG Gordon, M Gutierrez, MC Haas, WH Heersma, H Kallenius, G Kassa-Kelembho, E Koivula, T Ly, HM Makristathis, A Mammina, C Martin, G Mostrom, P Mokrousov, I Narbonne, V Narvskaya, O Nastasi, A Niobe-Eyangoh, SN Pape, JW Rasolofo-Razanamparany, V Ridell, M Rossetti, ML Stauffer, F Suffys, PN Takiff, H Texier-Maugein, J Vincent, V de Waard, JH Sola, C Rastogi, N AF Filliol, I Driscoll, JR van Soolingen, D Kreiswirth, BN Kremer, K Valetudie, G Anh, DD Barlow, R Banerjee, D Bifani, PJ Brudey, K Cataldi, A Cooksey, RC Cousins, DV Dale, JW Dellagostin, OA Drobniewski, F Engelmann, G Ferdinand, S Binzi, DG Gordon, M Gutierrez, MC Haas, WH Heersma, H Kallenius, G Kassa-Kelembho, E Koivula, T Ly, HM Makristathis, A Mammina, C Martin, G Mostrom, P Mokrousov, I Narbonne, V Narvskaya, O Nastasi, A Niobe-Eyangoh, SN Pape, JW Rasolofo-Razanamparany, V Ridell, M Rossetti, ML Stauffer, F Suffys, PN Takiff, H Texier-Maugein, J Vincent, V de Waard, JH Sola, C Rastogi, N TI Global distribution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis spoligotypes SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB We present a short summary of recent observations on the global distribution of the major clades of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, the causative agent of tuberculosis. This global distribution was defined by data-mining of an international spoligotyping database, SpolDB3. This database contains 11,708 patterns from as many clinical isolates originating from more than 90 countries. The 11,708 spoligotypes were clustered into 813 shared types. A total of 1,300 orphan patterns (clinical isolates showing a unique spoligotype) were also detected. C1 Inst Pasteur Guadeloupe, Unite TB & Mycobacteries, Pointe A Pitre 97165, Guadeloupe. Wadsworth Ctr, Albany, NY USA. Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Environm, NL-3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands. Publ Hlth Res Inst, New York, NY USA. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidemiol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Gen Infirm, Leeds LS1 3EX, W Yorkshire, England. Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, London SW17 0RE, England. Inst Biotecnol, Castelar, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Australian Reference Lab Bovine TB, Dept Agr, S Perth, WA, Australia. Univ Surrey, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England. Univ Fed Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil. Dulwich Hosp, Publ Hlth Lab Serv, London SE22 8PT, England. Univ Heidelberg, Childrens Hosp, D-6900 Heidelberg, Germany. Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. Robert Koch Inst, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. Swedish Inst Infect Dis Control, Solna, Sweden. Inst Pasteur, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. Univ Vienna, Inst Hyg, A-1010 Vienna, Austria. Univ Palermo, I-90133 Palermo, Italy. Bundesinst Gesundheitlichen Verbraucherschutz & V, Jena, Germany. Inst Pasteur, St Petersburg, Russia. CHU Brest, F-29285 Brest, France. Univ Florence, I-50121 Florence, Italy. Ctr Gheskio, Inst Natl Lab & Rech, Port Au Prince, Haiti. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Inst Pasteur, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, BR-90046900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Bundesstaatliche Bakteriol Serol Untersuchungsans, Vienna, Austria. Inst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-20001 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. CHU Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France. Inst Invest Cient, Caracas, Venezuela. RP Filliol, I (reprint author), Inst Pasteur Guadeloupe, Unite TB & Mycobacteries, BP 484, Pointe A Pitre 97165, Guadeloupe. RI Dellagostin, Odir/C-2331-2009; suffys, philip/E-3009-2013; Mammina, Caterina/M-9339-2013; Narvskaya, Olga/H-1770-2012; Gordon, Max/M-4330-2014; Mokrousov, Igor/J-3640-2014 OI Mammina, Caterina/0000-0003-2881-8018; de Waard, Jacobus/0000-0003-4118-1015; Rastogi, Nalin/0000-0002-7199-7747; Dellagostin, Odir/0000-0003-2803-4088; Narvskaya, Olga/0000-0002-0830-5808; Gordon, Max/0000-0002-8080-5815; Mokrousov, Igor/0000-0001-5924-0576 NR 7 TC 136 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 7 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV PY 2002 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1347 EP 1349 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 616MN UT WOS:000179307700029 PM 12453368 ER PT J AU Kapadia, F Vlahov, D Des Jarlais, DC Strathdee, SA Ouellet, L Kerndt, P Morse, EV Williams, I Garfein, RS AF Kapadia, F Vlahov, D Des Jarlais, DC Strathdee, SA Ouellet, L Kerndt, P Morse, EV Williams, I Garfein, RS CA CIDUS-II Grp TI Does bleach disinfection of syringes protect against hepatitis C infection among young adult injection drug users? SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis C virus; prevention; injection drug use ID NEW-YORK-CITY; PREVALENCE; RISK; VIRUSES AB Background. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has emerged as a major public health problem among injection drug users. In this analysis we examine whether disinfection of syringes with bleach has a potentially protective effect on anti-HCV seroconversion. Methods. We conducted a nested case-control study comparing 78 anti-HCV seroconverters with 390 persistently anti-HCV seronegative injection drug users. These data come from the Second Collaborative Injection Drug Users Study, a prospective cohort study that recruited injection drug users from five U.S. cities between 1997 and 1999. We used conditional logistic regression to determine the effect of bleach disinfection of syringes on anti-HCV seroconversion. Results. Participants who reported using bleach all the time had an odds ratio (OR) for anti-HCV seroconversion of 0.35 (95% confidence interval = 0.08-1.62), whereas those reporting bleach use only some of the time had an odds ratio of 0.76 (0.21-2.70), when compared with those reporting no bleach use. Conclusions. These results suggest that bleach disinfection of syringes, although not a substitute for use of sterile needles or cessation of injection, may help to prevent HCV infection among injection drug users. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Edmond de Rothschild Fdn Chem Dependency Inst, New York, NY 10003 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Community Outreach Intervent Projects, Chicago, IL USA. Univ So Calif, Div Infect Dis, Los Angeles, CA USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Pediat, Tulane Sch Med, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kapadia, F (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave,Room 556, New York, NY 10029 USA. RI Strathdee, Steffanie/B-9042-2009 NR 17 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2002 VL 13 IS 6 BP 738 EP 741 DI 10.1097/01.EDE.0000032363.40442.1 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 604TM UT WOS:000178637200023 PM 12410020 ER PT J AU Woodruff, BA Duffield, A AF Woodruff, BA Duffield, A TI Anthropometric assessment of nutritional status in adolescent populations in humanitarian emergencies SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE adolescence; anthropometry; nutrition assessment; nutrition surveys; feeding programs ID BODY-MASS INDEX; UPPER ARM CIRCUMFERENCE; RELATIVE SITTING HEIGHT; SUBISCHIAL LEG LENGTH; SEXUAL-MATURATION; NIGERIAN CHILDREN; SELF-ASSESSMENT; SEVERE ADULT; GROWTH; MALNUTRITION AB Objective: To outline the difficulties and suggest potential solutions in anthropometric assessment of adolescents during humanitarian emergencies. Design: Literature review. Setting: Multiple settings in which the nutritional status of adolescents has been assessed using anthropometric measurements. Subjects: Adolescents in multiple populations. Interventions: None. Results: The use of anthropometry may be more difficult in adolescents than in other age groups because anthropometric indices in normally nourished adolescents change with age and sexual development. Moreover, survey and reference populations may differ in the age at which certain pubertal landmarks are attained, requiring adjustment for differences between survey and reference populations. Adolescent populations may also differ by ethnicity in various body proportions that affect anthropometric indices. Adjustment may be required when the body proportions of adolescents in the reference population differ from those in the population assessed. Conclusions: Although no definitive recommendation can be made regarding which anthropometric indices are the most appropriate for adolescents, some revisions may improve current practices. Weight-for-height could be used for prepubertal adolescents and body mass index could be used for postpubertal adolescents. Because cut-off points are age-specific, age should be collected as accurately as possible for all adolescents measured during screening or survey activities. The WHO-recommended reference population of US adolescents is inappropriate in most populations of adolescents. Adolescents should never undergo nutritional assessment in isolation; other population subgroups should be included, and other health, nutrition and food data should be collected at the same time. Sponsorship: The United Nations Administrative Committee on Coordination/Sub-Committee on Nutrition. C1 CDCP, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. UN ACC, Subcomm Nutr, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Woodruff, BA (reprint author), CDC Mailstop F-48,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30030 USA. NR 76 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0954-3007 J9 EUR J CLIN NUTR JI Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 56 IS 11 BP 1108 EP 1118 DI 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601456 PG 11 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 616XA UT WOS:000179327600007 PM 12428177 ER PT J AU Kellar, KL Iannone, MA AF Kellar, KL Iannone, MA TI Multiplexed microsphere-based flow cytometric assays SO EXPERIMENTAL HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; LIGAND-BINDING DOMAINS; NUCLEAR-RECEPTOR; HIGH-THROUGHPUT; ESTROGEN-RECEPTOR; HUMAN CYTOKINES; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAY; FLUORESCENT MICROSPHERES; MOLECULAR-INTERACTIONS; FLOWMETRIX SYSTEM AB Flow cytometry has become an indispensable tool for clinical diagnostics and basic research. Although primarily designed for cellular analysis, flow cytometers can detect any particles in the lower micron range, including inert microspheres of different sizes, dyed with various fluorochromes. Over the past 20 years, microspheres have been used as calibrators for flow cytometers and also as a solid support for numerous molecular reactions quantitated by flow cytometry. Proteins, oligonucleotides, polysaccharides, lipids, or small peptides have been adsorbed or chemically coupled to the surface of microspheres to capture analytes that are subsequently measured by a fluorochrome-conjugated detection molecule. More recently, assays for similar analytes have been multiplexed, or analyzed in the same assay volume, by performing each reaction on a set of microspheres that are dyed to different fluorescent intensities and, therefore, are spectrally distinct. Some recent applications with fluorescent microspheres have included cytokine quantitation, single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping, phosphorylated protein detection, and characterization of the molecular interactions of nuclear receptors. The speed, sensitivity, and accuracy of flow cytometric detection of multiple binding events measured in the same small volume have the potential to replace many clinical diagnostic and research methods and deliver data on hundreds of analytes simultaneously. (C) 2002 International Society for Experimental Hematology. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. GlaxoSmithKline, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Kellar, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, NCID, SRP, MS D-34,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 101 TC 195 Z9 212 U1 3 U2 29 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0301-472X J9 EXP HEMATOL JI Exp. Hematol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 30 IS 11 BP 1227 EP 1237 AR PII S0301-472X(02)00922-0 DI 10.1016/S0301-472X(02)00922-0 PG 11 WC Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 613LB UT WOS:000179132800001 PM 12423675 ER PT J AU Daumit, GL Pratt, LA Crum, RM Powe, NR Ford, DE AF Daumit, GL Pratt, LA Crum, RM Powe, NR Ford, DE TI Characteristics of primary care visits for individuals with severe mental illness in a national sample SO GENERAL HOSPITAL PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article DE severe mental illness; primary care; preventive services; schizophrenia ID MEDICAL COMORBIDITY; SCHIZOPHRENIA; MORTALITY AB Individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) are at risk for inadequate general medical and preventive care, but little is known about their visits for primary care. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of primary care physician visits from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) 1993-1998 and compared visit characteristics for patients with and without SMI. SMI was defined from ICD-9 diagnoses and medications. Primary care visits for patients with SMI were more likely to be return visits, were longer, and were more likely to have scheduled follow-up than for patients without SMI. Obesity, diabetes, and smoking were reported approximately twice as frequently in visits for patients with SMI compared to patients without SMI. The percent of visits with preventive counseling and counseling targeted at chronic medical conditions was similar for both groups. Likely appropriate to their complex needs, patients with SMI using primary care tend to have more return visits, longer time with the physician and are more often scheduled for follow-up care; their preventive counseling appears similar to non-SMI visits. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Daumit, GL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU NIMH NIH HHS [1K08MH0178701] NR 27 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0163-8343 J9 GEN HOSP PSYCHIAT JI Gen. Hosp. Psych. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 24 IS 6 BP 391 EP 395 AR PII S0163-8343(02)00213-X DI 10.1016/S0163-8343(02)00213-X PG 5 WC Psychiatry SC Psychiatry GA 632FA UT WOS:000180212100005 PM 12490340 ER PT J AU Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ TI Research priorities for public health sciences in the postgenomic era SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID GENETICS; MEDICINE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genomics & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gwinn, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genomics & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 4 IS 6 BP 410 EP 411 DI 10.1097/00125817-200211000-00002 PG 2 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 642HD UT WOS:000180797400002 PM 12509710 ER PT J AU Baker, EL Koplan, JP AF Baker, EL Koplan, JP TI Strengthening the nation's public health infrastructure: Historic challenge, unprecedented opportunity SO HEALTH AFFAIRS LA English DT Article AB The nation's attention has been focused on the vital need for a strong public health infrastructure to protect community health. In this paper we provide an overview of progress during the past decade and point to immediate challenges and opportunities that resulted from recent events. Further, we highlight the need for continued vigilance and broad partnership development if we are to maintain public support for public health. Finally, we point to the need for better language, compelling case reports, and quantitative capacity assessment to guide policymakers and program leaders and to ensure long-term support. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Emory Univ, RW Woodruff Hlth Sci Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Baker, EL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 34 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU PROJECT HOPE PI BETHESDA PA 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, STE 600, BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 USA SN 0278-2715 J9 HEALTH AFFAIR JI Health Aff. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 21 IS 6 BP 15 EP 27 DI 10.1377/hlthaff.21.6.15 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 617BB UT WOS:000179338700007 PM 12442836 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ AF Alter, MJ TI Prevention of spread of hepatitis C SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NON-B-HEPATITIS; VIRUS-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; RISK-FACTORS; NON-A; BLOOD-DONORS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; RECIPIENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is transmitted by percutaneous or permucosal exposure to infectious blood or blood-derived body fluids. Based on the results of cohort and acute case control studies, risk factors associated with acquiring HCV infection in the United States have included transfusion of blood and blood products and transplantation of solid organs from infected donors, injecting drug use, occupational exposure to blood (primarily contaminated needle sticks), birth to an infected mother, sex with an infected partner, and multiple heterosexual partners. Nosocomial and iatrogenic transmission of HCV primarily are recognized in the context of outbreaks, and primarily have resulted from unsafe injection practices. Transmission from HCV-infected health care workers to patients is rare. Transfusions and transplants have been virtually eliminated as sources for transmission, and most (68%) newly acquired cases of hepatitis C are related to injecting drug use. The primary prevention of illegal drug injecting will eliminate the greatest risk factor for HCV infection in the United States. Other prevention strategies that need to be widely implemented include risk reduction counseling and services and review and improvement of infection control practices in all types of health care settings. Testing for HCV infection should be routinely performed for persons at high risk for infection or who require postexposure management. There are no recommendations for routine restriction of professional activities for HCV-infected health care workers, and persons should not be excluded from work, school, play, and child care or other settings on the basis of their HCV infection status. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Heptatis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Heptatis, Mailstop G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 158 Z9 166 U1 2 U2 6 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD NOV PY 2002 VL 36 IS 5 SU 1 BP S93 EP S98 DI 10.1053/jhep.2002.36389 PG 6 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 611VT UT WOS:000179039000011 PM 12407581 ER PT J AU Montenegro, SML Abath, FGC Domingues, ALC Melo, WG Morais, CNL Coutinho, EM Mahanty, S Wynn, TA AF Montenegro, SML Abath, FGC Domingues, ALC Melo, WG Morais, CNL Coutinho, EM Mahanty, S Wynn, TA TI Enhanced interleukin-12 and CD40 ligand activities but reduced Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1-induced responses suggest a generalized and progressively impaired type 1 cytokine pattern for human schistosomiasis SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; IFN-GAMMA; MURINE SCHISTOSOMIASIS; GRANULOMA-FORMATION; INFECTED PATIENTS; INTERFERON-GAMMA; CYTOTOXIC ACTIVITY; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; REGULATORY ROLE AB Whole-blood-cell cultures from schistosomiasis patients were stimulated with a variety of T-cell-dependent and T-cell-independent stimuli to determine whether the defect in type 1 cytokine expression observed following helminth infection is associated with alterations in interleukin-12 (IL-12) or CD40 ligand (CD40L) responsiveness. Cultures from uninfected individuals produced abundant gamma interferon in response to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1 (SAC), while patients with intestinal and hepatosplenic disease displayed intermediate and weak responses, respectively. Importantly, the decrease in type 1 cytokine expression was not attributed to defects in IL-12- or CD40L-induced activity. Indeed, schistosomiasis patients displayed heightened responses and even produced more biologically active IL-12 when stimulated with SAC and CD40L than did uninfected controls. Finally, additional studies suggested only a partial role for IL-10, since intestinal patients were the only group that overproduced this downregulatory cytokine. Together, these studies demonstrate that the type 1 deficiency in chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is not related to specific defects in IL-12, IL-10, or CD40L activity, although changes in the functional status of antigen-presenting cells appear to be involved. C1 NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, MSC 8003, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Fiocruz MS, Ctr Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhaes, Dept Imunol, Recife, PE, Brazil. Univ Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wynn, TA (reprint author), NIAID, Parasit Dis Lab, NIH, MSC 8003, Room 6154,50 South Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Wynn, Thomas/C-2797-2011; OI Mahanty, Siddhartha/0000-0003-1068-0524 NR 46 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 70 IS 11 BP 5903 EP 5912 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.11.5903-5912.2002 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605JQ UT WOS:000178675100001 PM 12379664 ER PT J AU Jason, J Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Kazembe, PN Chatt, JA Norton, E Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR AF Jason, J Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Kazembe, PN Chatt, JA Norton, E Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR TI Clinical and immune impact of Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination scarring SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID BACILLUS-CALMETTE-GUERIN; NORTHERN MALAWI; TUBERCULOSIS; CYTOKINES; BIRTH; SENSITIVITY; INFANTS; TYPE-1; SCARS AB The World Health Organization recommends Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination in areas of high tuberculosis prevalence. BCG's clinical and immune effects, not necessarily Mycobacterium tuberculosis specific, are unclear. BCG vaccine scarring often is used as a surrogate marker of vaccination or of effective vaccination. We evaluated BCG scarring status in relation to clinical findings and outcome in 700 hospitalized Malawians, of whom 32 had M. tuberculosis bloodstream infections (BSI) (10 of whom had cellular immune studies done) and of whom 48 were infants <6 months old and therefore recently vaccinated (19 of whom had immune studies). In the patients &GE;6 months old, scarring was not related to the presence of pulmonary symptoms (35 versus 30%), chronic cough or fever, mortality, or M. tuberculosis BSI. In M. tuberculosis BSI patients, scarring was unrelated to mortality, vital signs, or clinical symptoms but those with scarring had higher proportions of memory and activated T cells and more type 2-skewed cytokine profiles. Infants with either BCG scarring (n = 10) or BCG lesional inflammation (n = 5) had no symptoms of sepsis, but 18 of 33 infants without BCG vaccination lesions did. Those with BCG lesions had localized infections more often than did those without BCG lesions. These infants also had lower median percentages of lymphocytes spontaneously making interleukin-4 (IL-4) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and lower ratios of T cells spontaneously making IL-4 to T cells making IL-6. Thus, we found that, in older patients, BCG vaccine scarring was not associated with M. tuberculosis-specific or nonspecific clinical protection. Those with M. tuberculosis BSI and scarring had immune findings suggesting previous M. tuberculosis antigen exposure and induction of a type 2 cytokine pattern with acute reexposure. It is unlikely that this type 2 pattern would be protective against mycobacteria, which require a type 1 response for effective containment. In infants <6 months old, recent BCG vaccination was associated with a non-M. tuberculosis-specific, anti-inflammatory cytokine profile. That the vaccinated infants had a greater frequency of localized infections and lesser frequency of sepsis symptoms suggests that this postvaccination cytokine pattern may provide some non-M. tuberculosis-specific clinical benefits. C1 CDC, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Res Lab,Invest & Prevent Branch, Hosp Infect Program,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Off Global Hlth, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. Minist Hlth & Populat, Community Hlth Sci Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Jason, J (reprint author), CDC, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Res Lab,Invest & Prevent Branch, Hosp Infect Program,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-25,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 70 IS 11 BP 6188 EP 6195 DI 10.1128/IAI.70.11.6188-6195.2002 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 605JQ UT WOS:000178675100034 PM 12379697 ER PT J AU Widdowson, MA van Doornum, GJJ van der Poel, WHM de Boer, AS van de Heide, R Mahdi, U Haanen, P Kool, JL Koopmans, M AF Widdowson, MA van Doornum, GJJ van der Poel, WHM de Boer, AS van de Heide, R Mahdi, U Haanen, P Kool, JL Koopmans, M TI An outbreak of diarrhea in a neonatal medium care unit caused by a novel strain of rotavirus: Investigation using both epidemiologic and microbiological methods SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A ROTAVIRUS; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; NOSOCOMIAL OUTBREAK; INFECTION; HOSPITALS; EMERGENCE; CHILDREN AB OBJECTIVE: In December 1999, an outbreak of diarrhea was reported in a general hospital neonatal medium care unit (NMCU) caused by a novel strain of rotavirus with genotype P[6], G9. An investigation was conducted to determine risk factors for illness among neonates. DESIGN: Rotavirus diagnosis was by latex agglutination and typing by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A case-control study was performed using data collected from medical records on exposures in a 3-day period before illness (cases) or a random 3-day period (controls). Environmental swabs were tested for rotavirus. Antenatal blood samples from mothers and blood samples provided by hospital staff were analyzed for rotavirus antibodies. RESULTS: Fifty-six cases of rotaviral illness were confirmed by latex agglutination, Forty-seven of these were among 118 neonates exposed to the NMCU (attack rate, 40%). There was a 4-week period with no clinical cases in the course of the outbreak. Increased frequency (greater than or equal to 15 times in 3 days) of ungloved nasogastric feeding was a significant risk factor (adjusted odds ratio, 8.79), controlling for birth weight and gestational age. Environmental sampling showed persistence of the virus on ward surfaces despite cleaning. None of 24 NMCU staff members had high levels of antibodies against P[6], G9. Three (8%) of 38 mothers had high antibody levels; 2 had infants who became ill. The outbreak ended with a 7-day ward closure, disinfection, and introduction of gloved nasogastric feeding. CONCLUSIONS: Case-control studies can be successful in identifying risk factors for nosocomial outbreaks of diarrhea. High levels of rotavirus antibodies in mothers may not protect infants. The environment may be the most important reservoir of rotavirus during outbreaks. C1 Natl Inst Publ Hlth & Enivornm, RIVM, European Programme Intervent Epidemiol & Training, Bilthoven, Netherlands. Slotervaart Hosp, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Widdowson, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 23 IS 11 BP 665 EP 670 DI 10.1086/501991 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 616AQ UT WOS:000179279900009 PM 12452294 ER PT J AU Thomas, AR Cieslak, PR Strausbaugh, LJ Fleming, DW AF Thomas, AR Cieslak, PR Strausbaugh, LJ Fleming, DW TI Effectiveness of pharmacy policies designed to limit inappropriate vancomycin use: A population-based assessment SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; ADVISORY-COMMITTEE GUIDELINES; UNIVERSITY MEDICAL-CENTER; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; RESTRICTION POLICY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; APPROPRIATENESS; INTERVENTIONS; EMERGENCE; OUTBREAK AB OBJECTIVE: In Oregon in 1994, a population-based study of 66 nonpsychiatric hospitals indicated that 40% of vancomycin orders were inappropriate according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. We repeated the study to determine whether vancomycin use had been affected by pharmacy policies implemented following the 1994 study. METHODS: We surveyed pharmacists in nonpsychiatric hospitals in Oregon regarding vancomycin use policies in their hospitals. Using pharmacy records, we identified and abstracted the charts of all patients in Oregon hospitals receiving vancomycin during a 3-week period to determine appropriate use of vancomycin. RESULTS: Thirteen (20%) of 64 hospitals had implemented a vancomycin restriction policy since 1994; none of the remaining hospitals in the study had a policy. In 1999, hospitals with vancomycin restriction policies had substantially decreased rates of inappropriate vancomycin use compared with hospitals without such policies (1.0 vs 1.8 orders per 1,000 patient-days; P = .01). Compared with 1994 baseline rates of inappropriate use, hospitals that adopted policies experienced a decrease (from 1.5 orders per 1,000 patient-days in 1994 to 1.0 in 1999; P = .13), whereas hospitals without policies experienced a statistically significant increase (from 0.9 orders per 1,000 patient-days in 1994 to 1.8 in 1999; P = .001). Restriction policies were most effective at reducing rates of inappropriate use for treatment of confirmed gram-positive infections and prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: Vancomycin restriction policies were associated with a decrease in inappropriate therapeutic and prophylactic vancomycin use, but had no effect on inappropriate empiric use. Hospitals considering limits regarding inappropriate use should consider implementation of institution-based vancomycin restriction policies as part of an overall strategy. C1 Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR 97232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Portland, OR 97201 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Portland, OR 97201 USA. RP Thomas, AR (reprint author), Off Dis Prevent & Epidemiol, Dept Human Serv, 800 NE Oregon St,Suite 772, Portland, OR 97232 USA. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 23 IS 11 BP 683 EP 688 DI 10.1086/501994 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 616AQ UT WOS:000179279900012 PM 12452297 ER PT J AU Blair, JM Fleming, PL Karon, JM AF Blair, JM Fleming, PL Karon, JM TI Trends in AIDS incidence and survival among racial/ethnic minority men who have sex with men, United States, 1990-1999 SO JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE AIDS; racial/ethnic minority men who have sex with men; AIDS incidence; survival ID ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; AFRICAN-AMERICAN; BISEXUAL MEN; HIV DISEASE; EPIDEMIC; RISK; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIORS; DIVERSITY; ACCESS AB Objectives: We describe trends in AIDS incidence, survival, and deaths among racial/ethnic minority men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: We examined AIDS surveillance data for men diagnosed with AIDS from 1990 through 1999, survival trends from 1993 through 1997, and trends in AIDS incidence and deaths from 1996 to 1999, when highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was introduced. Results: The percentage of racial/ethnic minority MSM with AIDS increased from 33% of 26,930 men in 1990 to 54% of 17,162 men in 1999. From 1996 through 1998, declines in AIDS incidence were smallest among black MSM (25%, from 66.2 to 49.5 per 100,000) and Hispanic MSM (29%, from 39.3 to 27.8), compared with white MSM (41%, from 17.9 to 10.5). Declines in deaths of MSM with AIDS were also smallest among black MSM (53%, from 39.7 to 18.6 deaths per 100,000) and Hispanic MSM (61%, 21.6 to 8.4), compared with white MSM (63%, 12.3 to 4.5). Survival improved each year for all racial/ethnic groups but was poorest for black MSM in all years. Conclusions: Since the introduction of HAART, a combination of factors that include relatively higher infection rates in more recent years and differences in survival following AIDS diagnosis contribute to observed differences in trends in AIDS incidence and deaths among racial/ethnic minority MSM. Increased development of culturally sensitive HIV prevention services, and improved access to testing and care early in the course of disease are needed to further reduce HIV-related morbidity in racial/ethnic minority MSM. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blair, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 51 Z9 53 U1 3 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 JAIDS JI JAIDS PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 31 IS 3 BP 339 EP 347 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 612NR UT WOS:000179082800011 PM 12439211 ER PT J AU Sherman, J Young, A Sherman, MP Collazo, C Bernert, JT AF Sherman, J Young, A Sherman, MP Collazo, C Bernert, JT TI Prenatal smoking and alterations in newborn heart rate during transition SO JOGNN-JOURNAL OF OBSTETRIC GYNECOLOGIC AND NEONATAL NURSING LA English DT Article DE cotinine; newborn heart rate; SIDS; transition ID INFANT-DEATH-SYNDROME; ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; NICOTINE; COTININE; EXPOSURE; HYPOXIA; LABOR; ANALGESIA; PREGNANCY; MORTALITY AB Objective: To evaluate the effects of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure on newborn heart rate following the physiologic challenge of birth. Design: Nonexperimental, comparative. Participants: A convenience sample of 130 full-term, healthy newborns who were born at a suburban medical center. Main Outcome Measures: Cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine and was measured in venous cord blood. The heart rate was monitored at I minute intervals during the first 4 hours of life. infants were categorized into three groups based on the cotinine level: <0.05 ng/ml (n = 68), 0.05-6.0 ng/ml (n = 39), and >6.0 ng/ml (n = 23). These levels corresponded, respectively, to no exposure, passive, and active exposure of the mother to nicotine. Results: A one-way ANOVA was significant for maximum heart rate, F(2, 127) = 9.26, p = .001; range of heart rate, F(2, 127) = 5.4, p = .006; and variance of heart rate, F(2, 127) = 5.24, p = .007. Post hoc multiple comparisons found that newborns with cotinine levels >6.0 ng/ml differed significantly from infants with cotinine levels <0.05 ng/ml and 0.05-6.0 ng/ml in maximum heart rate, range of heart rate, and variance of heart rate. Conclusions: These findings suggest that newborns with cotinine levels >6.0 ng/ml have a limited ability to maximize and vary their heart rate. Cardiac output in the newborn is primarily dependent on heart rate. If unable to maximize cardiac output during times of stress, the newborn is potentially at an increased risk for morbidity and possible mortality. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Nursing, Dept Family Hlth Care, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Texas Womens Univ, Houston, TX USA. Univ Calif Davis, Div Neonatol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. St Josephs Med Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Air Toxicants Branch,Tobacco Exposure Biomarkers, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sherman, J (reprint author), 1320 Oceano Way, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NR 43 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0884-2175 J9 JOGNN JI JOGNN PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 31 IS 6 BP 680 EP 687 DI 10.1177/0884217502239206 PG 8 WC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Nursing; Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 619JT UT WOS:000179473400010 PM 12465864 ER PT J AU Schrader, SM Breitenstein, MJ Clark, JC Lowe, BD Turner, TW AF Schrader, SM Breitenstein, MJ Clark, JC Lowe, BD Turner, TW TI Nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity testing in bicycling patrol officers SO JOURNAL OF ANDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bicycle saddle; sexual dysfunction; impotence ID ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION; HOME MONITOR; IMPOTENCE; CYCLISTS; MEN AB A health assessment study was conducted in response to complaints of groin numbness in a bicycling police unit. Seventeen male cyclists were compared with 5 nonbilking men. The cyclists rode an average of 5.4 hours per day, and 91% indicated they experienced groin numbness on occasion. Each man wore the RigiScan Plus Rigidity Assessment System for one normal sleep session. Pressure measurements were also taken between the cyclist and the bicycle saddle. The percentage of sleep sessions that recorded an erectile event was significantly lower in the cyclists than it was in noncyclists (cyclists 27.1%; noncyclists 42.8%; P =.008). This duration percentage is negatively correlated with average hours a day that cyclists rode their bikes (r = -.41; P = .05), the number of days a week they rode (r = -.55; P = .009), and the average pressure exerted on the nose of the bike saddle (r = -.39; P = .08). The other measures of erectile quality (tumescence activity units [TAUs] and rigidity activity units [RAUs] of both the base and tip of the penis) were lower in the cyclists, but did not reach statistical significance. The number of hours cyclists rode during the day of RigiScan Plus assessment was negatively correlated with penis tip RAU (r = -.41; P = .04), and tip TAU (r = -.45; P = .04). These data suggest that prolonged bicycle riding may have negative effects on nocturnal erectile function and indicate a need for innovative bicycle saddle designs. C1 NIOSH, Reprod Hlth Assessment Sect, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schrader, SM (reprint author), NIOSH, Reprod Hlth Assessment Sect, C-23,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Schrader, Steven/E-8120-2011 NR 21 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ANDROLOGY, INC PI LAWRENCE PA C/O ALLEN PRESS, INC PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0196-3635 J9 J ANDROL JI J. Androl. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 23 IS 6 BP 927 EP 934 PG 8 WC Andrology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 614GJ UT WOS:000179179700028 PM 12399541 ER PT J AU Madison, B Robinson-Dunn, B George, I Gross, W Lipman, H Metchock, B Sloutsky, A Washabaugh, G Mazurek, G Ridderhof, J AF Madison, B Robinson-Dunn, B George, I Gross, W Lipman, H Metchock, B Sloutsky, A Washabaugh, G Mazurek, G Ridderhof, J TI Multicenter evaluation of ethambutol susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by agar proportion and radiometric methods SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Reproducibility of ethambutol (EMB) susceptibility test results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis has always been difficult for a variety of reasons, including the narrow range between the critical breakpoint for EMB resistance and the MIC for susceptible strains, borderline results obtained with the BACTEC 460TB method, the presence of microcolonies determined using the agar proportion (AP) method, and a lack of agreement between these two testing methods. To assess the frequency of these problems, At. tuberculosis drug susceptibility data were collected in a multicenter study involving four laboratories. Resistant, borderline, and susceptible isolates were shared among the laboratories to measure interlaboratory test agreement. Half of isolates determined by BACTEC 460TB to be resistant were determined to be susceptible by the AP method. Isolates determined to be resistant to EMB by both BACTEC 460TB and AP methods were almost always resistant to isoniazid. Results from isolates tested by the BACTEC 460TB method with an EMB concentration of 3.75 mug/ml in addition to the standard 2.5 mug/ml did not show improved agreement by the AP method. While these results do not indicate that the AP method is more accurate than the BACTEC 4601,13 method, laboratories should not report EMB monoresistance based on BACTEC 460TB results alone. Monoresistance to EMB should only be reported following confirmation by the All method. Microcolonies could not be confirmed as resistant by the BACTEC 460TB method or by repeat testing with the All method and do not appear to be indicative of resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30347 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. State Lab Inst, Boston, MA USA. Vet Adm TB Reference Lab, West Haven, CT USA. San Diego Cty Publ Hlth Lab, San Diego, CA USA. RP Madison, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop G-25, Atlanta, GA 30347 USA. NR 17 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 40 IS 11 BP 3976 EP 3979 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.11.3976-3979.2002 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 612BH UT WOS:000179053200015 PM 12409361 ER PT J AU Okuma, K Iwakawa, K Turnidge, JD Grubb, WB Bell, JM O'Brien, FG Coombs, GW Pearman, JW Tenover, FC Kapi, M Tiensasitorn, C Ito, T Hiramatsu, K AF Okuma, K Iwakawa, K Turnidge, JD Grubb, WB Bell, JM O'Brien, FG Coombs, GW Pearman, JW Tenover, FC Kapi, M Tiensasitorn, C Ito, T Hiramatsu, K TI Dissemination of new methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in the community SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CASSETTE CHROMOSOME MEC; NON-MULTIRESISTANT; EVOLUTION; STRAINS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; AUSTRALIA; MRSA AB Multiple methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones carrying type IV staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec were identified in the community-acquired MRSA strains of both the United States and Australia. They multiplied much faster than health-care-associated MRSA and were resistant to fewer non-beta-lactam antibiotics. They seem to have been derived from more diverse S. aureus populations than health-care-associated MRSA strains. C1 Juntendo Univ, Fac Med, Dept Bacteriol, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138421, Japan. Womens & Childrens Hosp, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Curtin Univ Technol, Sch Biomed Sci, Mol Genet Res Unit, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. Royal Perth Hosp, Dept Microbiol & Infect Dis, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hiramatsu, K (reprint author), Juntendo Univ, Fac Med, Dept Bacteriol, Bunkyo Ku, 2-1-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1138421, Japan. NR 29 TC 624 Z9 657 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 40 IS 11 BP 4289 EP 4294 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.11.4289-4294.2002 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 612BH UT WOS:000179053200066 PM 12409412 ER PT J AU Espy, MJ Cockerill, FR Meyer, RF Bowen, MD Poland, GA Hadfield, TL Smith, TF AF Espy, MJ Cockerill, FR Meyer, RF Bowen, MD Poland, GA Hadfield, TL Smith, TF TI Detection of smallpox virus DNA by lightcycler PCR (vol 40, pg 1985, 2002) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Clin Microbiol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Infect Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Gen Internal Med, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20307 USA. RP Espy, MJ (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Div Clin Microbiol, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RI sebastianovitsch, stepan/G-8507-2013 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 40 IS 11 BP 4405 EP 4405 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.11.4405.2002 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 612BH UT WOS:000179053200103 ER PT J AU Morgan-Ryan, UM Fall, A Ward, LA Hijjawi, N Sulaiman, I Fayer, R Thompson, RCA Olson, M Lal, A Xiao, LH AF Morgan-Ryan, UM Fall, A Ward, LA Hijjawi, N Sulaiman, I Fayer, R Thompson, RCA Olson, M Lal, A Xiao, LH TI Cryptosporidium hominis n. sp (Apicomplexa : Cryptosporidiidae) from Homo sapiens SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE "cattle" genotype; Cryptosporidium hominis n. sp.; Cryptosporidium parvum; "human" genotype; molecular analysis; new species; pathogenicity; taxonomy transmission studies ID PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; PROTEIN HSP70 GENE; BETA-TUBULIN GENE; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; PARVUM HUMAN; PHYLOGENETIC-RELATIONSHIPS AB The structure and infectivity of the oocysts of a new species of Cryptosporidium from the feces of humans are described. Oocysts are structurally indistinguishable from those of Cryptosporidium parvum. Oocysts of the new species are passed fully sporulated, lack sporocysts, and measure 4.4-5.4 mum (mean = 4.86) X 4.4-5.9 mum (mean = 5.2 mum) with a length to width ratio 1.0-1.09 (mean 1.07) (n = 100). Oocysts were not infectious for ARC Swiss mice, nude mice, Wistar rat pups, puppies, kittens or calves, but were infectious to neonatal gnotobiotic pigs. Pathogenicity studies in the gnotobiotic pig model revealed significant differences in parasite-associated lesion distribution (P = 0.005 to P = 0.02) and intensity of infection (P = 0.04) between C. parvum and this newly described species from humans. In vitro cultivation studies have also revealed growth differences between the two species. Multi-locus analysis of numerous unlinked loci, including a preliminary sequence scan of the entire genome demonstrated this species to be distinct from C. parvum and also demonstrated a lack of recombination, providing further support for its species status. Based on biological and molecular data, this Cryptosporidium infecting the intestine of humans is proposed to be a new species Cryptosporidium hominis n. sp. C1 Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Food Anim Hlth Res Program, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ohio State Univ, Ohio Agr Res & Dev Ctr, Dept Vet Preventat Med, Wooster, OH 44691 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. USDA, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Univ Calgary, Fac Med, Dept Gastrointestinal Sci, Anim Resources Ctr, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. RP Morgan-Ryan, UM (reprint author), Murdoch Univ, Div Vet & Biomed Sci, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013; OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727; Olson, Merle/0000-0003-3654-7692 NR 94 TC 244 Z9 268 U1 0 U2 12 PU SOC PROTOZOOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 49 IS 6 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2002.tb00224.x PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 626GK UT WOS:000179863300001 PM 12503676 ER PT J AU Kieszak, SM Naeher, LP Rubin, CS Needham, LL Backer, L Barr, D McGeehin, M AF Kieszak, SM Naeher, LP Rubin, CS Needham, LL Backer, L Barr, D McGeehin, M TI Investigation of the relation between self-reported food consumption and household chemical exposures with urinary levels of selected nonpersistent pesticides SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chemical exposure; dietary exposure; NHANES; organophosphates; pesticide metabolites; pesticides AB Concerns about pesticide exposure through food consumption have increased during the past several years. The main objective of our study was to determine whether we could use data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) to detect a relation between self-reported food consumption - particularly consumption of fruits, vegetables, and bread products - and urinary levels of pesticides or their metabolites in a population of 978 adults living in the US. A secondary objective was to investigate whether these urine levels differed for people who reported exposure to selected common household chemicals including bug or insect spray, weed killer, and mothballs or crystals. We used monthly food frequency data from the NHANES III, 1988-1994. Urinary pesticide/metabolite levels and information about chemical exposures were taken from the Priority Toxicant Reference Range Study (a component of the NHANES III). Six pesticides or their metabolites were detected in at least 50% of the sample, three of which - 1 - naphthol (86.4%), pentachlorophenol (62.5%), and 3,5,6 - trichloro - 2 - pyridinol ( 82.0%) - were possibly related to food consumption. We were unable to detect a relation between self-reported food consumption and their urinary levels. This may be due more to the limitations of the datasets than to a lack of a relation between food consumption and urine pesticide/metabolite levels. We did find that people who reported recently using selected common chemicals had higher geometric mean urine pesticide/metabolite levels than did people who reported not recently using these chemicals. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kieszak, SM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, 1600 Clifton Rd,Ne,MS E23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 10 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 404 EP 408 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500242 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 630ZL UT WOS:000180141700002 PM 12415488 ER PT J AU Akhmedkhanov, A Revich, B Adibi, JJ Zeilert, V Masten, SA Patterson, DG Needham, LL Toniolo, P AF Akhmedkhanov, A Revich, B Adibi, JJ Zeilert, V Masten, SA Patterson, DG Needham, LL Toniolo, P TI Characterization of dioxin exposure in residents of Chapaevsk, Russia SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood level; dibenzofuran; dioxin; nonoccupational exposure; PCB; Russia ID TOXIC EQUIVALENCY FACTORS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SEX-RATIO; INFANTS; SERUM; CHILDREN; HEALTH; PCBS; DIBENZOFURANS; MORTALITY AB Since 1967, a chemical plant in the town of Chapaevsk (Samara province, Russia) has produced large amounts of chlorinated compounds and is suspected to be a major source of local environmental dioxin contamination. Dioxins have been detected in the local air, soil, drinking water, vegetables, and cow's milk. Human exposure to dioxins is suspected as a factor in the deteriorating local public health. In an effort to characterize nonoccupational dioxin exposure among local residents, during the summer of 1998, 24 volunteers were recruited to donate blood and to provide information about their residence, employment, demographics, medical history, and dietary habits. Selected polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, dibenzofurans, and coplanar biphenyls were measured in blood serum samples. The mean concentration of total dioxin World Health Organization toxic equivalents (WHO - TEQ(98)) based on polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was 61.2 (range 16.4-168.1) pg/g lipid. Subjects living in close proximity to the plant (less than 5 km) had significantly higher dioxin levels (mean WHO - TEQ(98), 75.7 pg/g lipid), as compared to subjects living more than 5 km from the plant (mean WHO - TEQ(98), 44.1 pg/g lipid) (P<0.04). Comparisons of the study results with available published data indicate that average blood dioxin levels were substantially higher in Chapaevsk residents than in nonoccupationally exposed populations of other parts of Russia, Europe, and North America. Chronic exposures of such magnitude may have appreciable adverse effects on public health. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, New York, NY 10016 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Ctr Demog & Human Ecol, Inst Forcasting, Moscow 117418, Russia. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10032 USA. Chapaevsk Cent City Hosp, Chapaevsk 446100, Samara Oblast, Russia. NIEHS, Environm Toxicol Program, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Akhmedkhanov, A (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, 550 1St Ave,NBV-9E2, New York, NY 10016 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Adibi, Jennifer/I-8077-2016; masten, scott/R-1403-2016 OI Adibi, Jennifer/0000-0001-6562-8315; masten, scott/0000-0002-7847-181X FU NCI NIH HHS [CA16087]; NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260, Y1-ES-8062-02] NR 37 TC 7 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 409 EP 417 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500243 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 630ZL UT WOS:000180141700003 PM 12415489 ER PT J AU Royster, MO Hilborn, ED Barr, D Carty, CL Rhoney, S Walsh, D AF Royster, MO Hilborn, ED Barr, D Carty, CL Rhoney, S Walsh, D TI A pilot study of global positioning system/geographical information system measurement of residential proximity to agricultural fields and urinary organophosphate metabolite concentrations in toddlers SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agriculture; children; environment; GPS/GIS; organophosphates; pesticides ID PESTICIDES; EXPOSURE; DRIFT; PARAQUAT; DISTANCE; AERIAL AB This pilot study enrolled 20 children between the ages of I I and 17 months in Imperial County, California to assess children's pesticide exposure and residential proximity to agricultural fields. We compared parental self-report of residential proximity to agricultural fields to measurements using global positioning system/geographical information system (GPS/GIS) technology, and we assessed the relationship between residential proximity to agricultural fields and a biomarker of organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure. Questionnaires were administered twice, 4 weeks apart, to determine self-reported residential proximity to agricultural fields. Urine samples were collected at each contact to measure OP metabolites. Actual residential proximity to the closest agricultural field and number of fields was within I mile to the west were measured using GPS/GIS. Self-report of living proximity to agricultural fields agreed with GPS/GIS measurement 75% of the time during the initial interview, compared to 66% agreement during the second interview. Presence of urinary metabolites suggests that OP exposure was ubiquitous: creatinine-adjusted total urinary dimethyl values ranged from 1.60 to 516.00 mug/g creatinine, and total diethyl ranged from 2.70 to 134.84 mug/g creatinine. No association was found between urinary OP metabolites and residential to field proximity. These results suggest that initial self-report of living proximity to agricultural fields may be more accurate than follow-up self-report. Limitations in this pilot study prevent determination of whether self-report is an accurate measure of proximity. C1 US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hilborn, ED (reprint author), US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, MD-58,C, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM hilborn.e@epamail.epa.gov RI Carty, Cara/B-8683-2013 NR 24 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 12 IS 6 BP 433 EP 440 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500247 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 630ZL UT WOS:000180141700006 PM 12415492 ER PT J AU Renshaw, M Rockwell, J Engleman, C Gewirtz, A Katz, J Sambhara, S AF Renshaw, M Rockwell, J Engleman, C Gewirtz, A Katz, J Sambhara, S TI Cutting edge: Impaired toll-like receptor expression and function in aging SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; AGED MICE; SENESCENCE; INNATE; ACTIVATION; INFECTIONS; CELLS AB Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors that recognize conserved molecular patterns on microbes and link innate and adaptive immune systems. We investigated whether the enhanced susceptibility to bacterial, yeast, and viral infections and poor adaptive immune responses in aging are a result of diminished expression and function of TLRs. We examined the expression and function of all murine TLRs on macrophages from young and aged mice. Both splenic and activated peritoneal macrophages from aged mice expressed significantly lower levels of all TLRs. Furthermore, macrophages from aged mice secreted significantly lower levels of IL-6 and TNF-alpha when stimulated with known ligands for TLR1 and 2, 2 and 6,TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR9 when compared with those from young mice. These results support the concept that increased susceptibility to infections and poor adaptive immune responses in aging may be due to the decline in TLR expression and function. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pathol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 321 Z9 343 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 169 IS 9 BP 4697 EP 4701 PG 5 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 607DY UT WOS:000178777400001 PM 12391175 ER PT J AU Boivin, G Abed, Y Pelletier, G Ruel, L Moisan, D Cote, S Peret, TCT Erdman, DD Anderson, LJ AF Boivin, G Abed, Y Pelletier, G Ruel, L Moisan, D Cote, S Peret, TCT Erdman, DD Anderson, LJ TI Virological features and clinical manifestations associated with human metapneumovirus: A new paramyxovirus responsible for acute respiratory-tract infections in all age groups SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Respiratory Vital Infections CY NOV 29, 2001 CL CURACAO, NETH ANTILLES ID MARROW TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS; SYNCYTIAL VIRUS-INFECTION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION-PCR; CHILDREN; DISEASE AB The virological features and clinical findings associated with the new human metapneumovirus (HMPV) were examined retrospectively in Canadian patients hospitalized for various respiratory conditions since 1993. Thirty-eight previously unidentified respiratory viruses isolated from rhesus monkey kindey (LLC-MK2) cells were found to be positive for HMPV by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and those strains clustered in 2 phylogenetic groups. Children aged < years and elderly subjects aged 1 65 years represented 35.1% and 45.9% of the HMPV-infected cases, respectively. In hospitalized children, the most frequent diagnoses were pneumonitis (66.7%) and bronchiolitis (58.3%), whereas bronchitis and/or bronchospasm (60%) and pneumonitis (40%) were most commonly seen in elderly subjects. Of the 15 patients with pneumonitis, 4 (26.7%) had immunosuppressive conditions and 6 (40%) were infants aged <5 months. These findings suggest that HMPV can be associated with severe lower-respiratory-tract infections in very young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. C1 Univ Laval, Res Ctr Infect Dis, Reg Virol Lab, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Boivin, G (reprint author), CHUQ CHUL, Rm RC-709,2705 Blvd Laurier, Quebec City, PQ G1V 4G2, Canada. NR 15 TC 358 Z9 391 U1 1 U2 7 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 9 BP 1330 EP 1334 DI 10.1086/344319 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 603TY UT WOS:000178577500016 PM 12402203 ER PT J AU McGowan, JE Hill, HA Volkova, NV Lawton, RM Haber, MJ Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP AF McGowan, JE Hill, HA Volkova, NV Lawton, RM Haber, MJ Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP CA Project ICARE Hosp TI Does antimicrobial resistance cluster in individual hospitals? SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-11, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; ENTEROCOCCI; VANCOMYCIN; PREVALENCE; INFECTIONS; MECHANISMS; STATES AB Factors that affect the resistance rates for an organism-drug combination in a given hospital also might influence resistance rates for other organism-drug combinations. We examined correlations between resistance prevalence in non-intensive care inpatient areas of 41 hospitals participating in phase 3 (1998-1999) of Project ICARE (Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology). We focused on statistically significant (P<.05) Pearson correlation efficients for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, imipenem, and fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Resistance prevalence rates in individual hospitals were not strongly correlated among gram-positive organisms, and few correlations were seen between rates in gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. More frequent significant associations were found among resistance rates for gram-negative organisms. Resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in K. pneumoniae was significantly correlated with the majority of other sentinel antimicrobial-resistant organisms. High prevalence of this organism may serve as a marker for more generalized resistance problems in hospital inpatient areas. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biostat, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McGowan, JE (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd,Rm 442, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 9 BP 1362 EP 1365 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 603TY UT WOS:000178577500023 PM 12402210 ER PT J AU Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Moore, JM Othoro, C Otieno, J Chaiyaroj, SC Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Moore, JM Othoro, C Otieno, J Chaiyaroj, SC Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V TI Immunity to placental malaria. IV. Placental malaria is associated with up-regulation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in intervillous blood SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TNF-ALPHA; PREGNANCY; EXPRESSION; RESPONSES; WOMEN; GAMMA AB Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) may play a role in immune responses to malaria during pregnancy by virtue of its ability to activate macrophages and to overcome the immunosuppressive effect of glucocorticoids. The present study investigated whether plasma MIF levels are altered in pregnant women with placental malaria (PM) and/or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. For the first time it is demonstrated that MIF levels in the intervillous blood (IVB) plasma were significantly elevated, compared with that in both peripheral plasma (similar to500-fold) and cord plasma (4.6-fold; P < .01). IVB mononuclear cells also produced significantly higher levels of MIF, compared with that of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PM was associated with increased levels of MIF in the IVB plasma (P<.02). Primigravid and secundigravid women had significantly higher levels of MIF in their IVB plasma than did multigravid women (P<.05). HIV infection did not significantly alter MIF levels in any site examined. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Coll Vet Med, Athens, Greece. Univ Georgia, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Coll Vet Med, Athens, Greece. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Minist Hlth, New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Kisumu, Kenya. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, US PHS, US Dept HHS, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [1 R01 AI50240-01] NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 9 BP 1371 EP 1375 DI 10.1086/344322 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 603TY UT WOS:000178577500025 PM 12402212 ER PT J AU Benedict, MQ Rafferty, CS AF Benedict, MQ Rafferty, CS TI Unassisted isolated-pair mating of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera : Culicidae) mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; genetics; behavior; copulation; stenogamy; eurygamy ID GENES; LOCI AB Female Anopheles mosquitoes usually mate only once, but mating is seldom seen in small containers containing only one female and male. Therefore, matings are often performed among many adults in large cages or by forced copulation. Isolated-pair mating of Anopheles gambiae G3 strain-derived mosquitoes without forced copulation in small vials is described. We observed that the experimental variables eye color and male number were significant factors in the mating frequency. Females mated more frequently when three males were present over only one male. White-eyed females were more likely to be mated than wild-eyed females, but wild males mated more frequently than did white-eyed males. Experiments were also conducted to determine when mating was occurring by using wild-eye-color mosquitoes in isolated pairs. Almost no matings were observed before day 6 rather than the frequencies typically observed after 1-2 d in standard large-cage matings among large numbers of adults. C1 NCID, DPD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Benedict, MQ (reprint author), NCID, DPD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, 4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 39 IS 6 BP 942 EP 944 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.6.942 PG 3 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 622WE UT WOS:000179669900023 PM 12495198 ER PT J AU Nainan, OV Khristova, ML Bytm, K Xia, GL Taylor, PE Stevens, CE Margolis, HS AF Nainan, OV Khristova, ML Bytm, K Xia, GL Taylor, PE Stevens, CE Margolis, HS TI Genetic variation of hepatitis B surface antigen coding region among infants with chronic hepatitis B virus infection SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE "a" determinant mutants; HBsAg variants; detection of HBsAg variants; postexposure; prophylaxis; hepatitis B vaccine ID FAILED POSTNATAL IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS; INDUCED ESCAPE MUTANT; S-GENE; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; REDUCED SUSCEPTIBILITY; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; UNITED-STATES; VACCINE; MUTATIONS; VARIANTS AB Variants in the amino acid composition of the primary antibody-binding site of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) have been identified in a number of populations with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Direct sequencing of amplified or cloned PCR products, solid phase detection of sequence-specific PCR products (SP-PCR), and limiting dilution cloning PCR (LDC-PCR) were compared to determine their sensitivity in detecting differing concentrations of HBsAg variants. LDC-PCR had the greatest sensitivity and could detect HBsAg variants at a concentration of 0.1% of the total viral population. HBsAg variants were detected in 51% of infants with chronic HBV infection acquired after postexposure prophylaxis, and more than half of the variants were detected only by the most sensitive methods. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CDCP, Div Viral Hepatitis, WHO Collaborating Ctr Res & Reference Viral Hepat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Korea Univ, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Guro Hosp, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Inst Virol, Beijing 100052, Peoples R China. New York Blood Ctr, Lab Epidemiol, New York, NY 10021 USA. RP Nainan, OV (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral Hepatitis, WHO Collaborating Ctr Res & Reference Viral Hepat, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop A33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 68 IS 3 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1002/jmv.10206 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 597RD UT WOS:000178233800004 PM 12226817 ER PT J AU Alla, A Liffick, SL Newton, BR Elaouad, R Rota, PA Bellini, WJ AF Alla, A Liffick, SL Newton, BR Elaouad, R Rota, PA Bellini, WJ TI Genetic analysis of measles viruses isolated in Morocco SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE measles; sequence analysis; vaccination campaigns ID IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES AB Sequence analysis was conducted on the hemagglutinin (H) and nucleoprotein (N) genes from nine wild-type measles viruses (MV) isolated during an outbreak that occurred in Morocco during 1998 and 1999. The sequence data showed that all the viruses were closely related to each other and were members of genotype C2. Genotype C2 has been shown to be circulating in Europe, and the sequences of the Moroccan isolates were most closely related to the sequences of recent viral isolates from western Europe. This report presents the first molecular epidemiological study of circulating wild-type measles viruses in Morocco. Knowledge of the indigenous strain of measles virus circulating in Morocco will help to describe viral transmission pathways and should contribute to efforts to evaluate the effectiveness of future vaccination campaigns. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Hlth, Rabat, Morocco. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, MS-C-22,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 68 IS 3 BP 441 EP 444 DI 10.1002/jmv.10223 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 597RD UT WOS:000178233800021 PM 12226834 ER PT J AU Taylor, SC Kelly, AP Dupree, NE Kimball, AB Lawrence, RC AF Taylor, SC Kelly, AP Dupree, NE Kimball, AB Lawrence, RC TI Health disparities in arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases - The dermatology session: National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, December 15-16, 2000 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases hosted a diverse group of physicians and scientists to discuss health disparities in arthritis, musculoskeletal, and skin diseases. This article discusses the cutaneous disease portion of the conference. Speakers described a history of scarce information on cutaneous diseases in skin of color, problems with the data that do exist, and inappropriate use of dermatologic data. Basic descriptive data on the structure and function of skin in people of color is needed. For specific cutaneous diseases, information must be collected on their epidemiology, clinical presentation, natural history, complications, and therapeutics. Researchers are standardizing methods for studying keloidal scars, and are developing and validating measurement tools for cutaneous diseases in skin of color, such as atypical nevi, psoriasis, and hand dermatitis, but more is needed. C1 St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, Skin Color Ctr, New York, NY USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Dermatol, New York, NY USA. King Drew Med Ctr, Div Dermatol, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Planning Banch, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Stanford Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Dermatol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NIAMSD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Lawrence, RC (reprint author), NIAMS, Bldg 45,Room 5AS-37G, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0190-9622 J9 J AM ACAD DERMATOL JI J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 47 IS 5 BP 770 EP 773 DI 10.1067/mjd.2002.124691 PG 4 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 609FM UT WOS:000178893000018 PM 12399772 ER PT J AU Davison, KK Ford, ES Cogswell, ME Dietz, WH AF Davison, KK Ford, ES Cogswell, ME Dietz, WH TI Percentage of body fat and body mass index are associated with mobility limitations in people aged 70 and older from NHANES SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE BMI; body fat; functional limitations; muscle mass; older people ID HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY; SKELETAL-MUSCLE MASS; FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION; PHYSICAL-DISABILITY; WOMEN; RISK; SARCOPENIA; DISEASE; HEALTH; LIFE AB OBJECTIVES: To assess the association between functional limitations and body composition indices, including percentage of body fat, muscle mass, and body mass index (BMI). DESIGN: A cross-sectional, population-representative sample. SETTING: All noninstitutionalized people living in the United States (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). Data were collected between 1988 and 1994. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand five hundred twenty-six women and 1,391 men aged 70 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Independent variables included BMI, muscle mass, and percentage of body fat; the latter two were assessed using predictive equations. The dependent variable, functional limitations, was defined as difficulty in performing at least three of five functional living tasks, such as carrying a 10-pound bag of groceries. RESULTS: Women in the highest quintile for percentage of body fat and women with a BMI of 30 or greater were two times more likely to report functional limitations than women in the comparison groups. Similar, but weaker, relationships were found among men; men in the highest quintile for body fat and men with a BMI of 35 or greater were 1.5 times more likely to report limitations. Low muscle mass (sarcopenia) and sarcopenia in combination with high percentage of body fat (sarcopenic obesity) were not associated with a greater likelihood of reporting functional limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Prevention of excessive accumulation of body fat and maintenance of a BMI in the normal range may reduce the likelihood of functional limitations in old age. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Davison, KK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Human Dev & Family Studies, S-110 Henderson Bldg, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. NR 40 TC 196 Z9 201 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 50 IS 11 BP 1802 EP 1809 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2002.50508.x PG 8 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 610QJ UT WOS:000178971500007 PM 12410898 ER PT J AU Needham, LL Ryan, JJ Furst, P AF Needham, LL Ryan, JJ Furst, P TI Guidelines for analysis of human milk for environmental chemicals SO JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Human Milk Surveillance and Research on Environmental Chemicals in the United States CY FEB 15-17, 2002 CL PENN STATE UNIV COLL MED, MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR, HERSHEY, PENNSYLVANIA HO PENN STATE UNIV COLL MED, MILTON S HERSHEY MED CTR ID SWEDISH HUMAN-MILK; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; BREAST-MILK; CORD BLOOD; MERCURY; PCBS; ORGANOCHLORINE; INFANTS; DIOXINS; PCDDS AB When analyzing human milk for environmental chemicals, in either a monitoring or research project, researchers must ensure that the technique used for measuring the target analytes complies with certain analytical criteria and that a quality control/quality assurance program is in place. In this report, these analytical criteria and the accompanying quality assurance program are elaborated in more detail. Examples of representative methods are also given for the determination of a number of classes of chemicals of environmental concern, such as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, polychlorinated biphenyls, volatile organics, and halogenated flame retardants. Most of these techniques are physical/chemical in nature, but the possibility of the use of bioassays for screening of analytes in human milk is noted. The described methods are not exclusive, but any laboratory undertaking the analysis of human milk should demonstrate proficiency in their execution. This is usually accomplished by producing reliable data in interlaboratory studies. Human milk is an ideal matrix for estimating exposure to certain environmental chemicals, and researchers must ensure that the techniques used to determine these compounds adhere to known and accepted analytical requirements. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hlth Canada, Bur Chem Safety, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Chem & Vet Control Lab, Munster, Germany. RP Needham, LL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop F17,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 29 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1528-7394 J9 J TOXICOL ENV HEAL A JI J. TOXICOL. ENV. HEALTH PT A PD NOV PY 2002 VL 65 IS 22 BP 1893 EP 1908 DI 10.1080/00984100290071784 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 609PY UT WOS:000178915200007 PM 12470493 ER PT J AU Garnett, CT Erdman, D Xu, W Gooding, LR AF Garnett, CT Erdman, D Xu, W Gooding, LR TI Prevalence and quantitation of species C adenovirus DNA in human mucosal lymphocytes SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; HUMAN LYMPHOID-CELLS; PERSISTENT INFECTION; HUMAN TONSILS; CHILDREN; VIRUS; OBSTRUCTION; SEQUENCES; FIBROSIS AB The common species C adenoviruses (serotypes Ad1, Ad2, Ad5, and Ad6) infect more than 80% of the human population early in life. Following primary infection, the virus can establish an asymptomatic persistent infection in which infectious virions are shed in feces for several years. The probable source of persistent virus is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, although the molecular details of persistence or latency of adenovirus are currently unknown. In this study, a sensitive real-time PCR assay was developed to quantitate species C adenovirus DNA in human tissues removed for routine tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy. Using this assay, species C DNA was detected in Ficoll-purified lymphocytes from 33 of 42 tissue specimens tested (79%). The levels varied from fewer than 10 to greater than 2 x 10(6) copies of the adenovirus genome/10(7) cells, depending on the donor. DNA from serotypes Ad1, Ad2, and Ad5 was detected, while the rarer serotype Ad6 was not. When analyzed as a function of donor age, the highest levels of adenovirus genomes were found among the youngest donors. Antibody-coated magnetic beads were used to purify lymphocytes into subpopulations and determine whether viral DNA could be enriched within any purified subpopulations. Separation of T cells (CD4/8-expressing and/or CD3-expressing cells) enriched viral DNA in each of nine donors tested. In contrast, B-cell purification (CD19-expressing cells) invariably depleted or eliminated viral DNA. Despite the frequent finding of significant quantities of adenovirus DNA in tonsil and adenoid tissues, infectious virus was rarely present, as measured by coculture with permissive cells. These findings suggest that human mucosal T lymphocytes may harbor species C adenoviruses in a quiescent, perhaps latent form. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gooding, LR (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, 1510 Clifton Rd,3107 Rollins Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. OI Garnett-Benson, Charlie/0000-0002-0238-3303 FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-58736] NR 34 TC 163 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 76 IS 21 BP 10608 EP 10616 DI 10.1128/JVI.76.21.10608-10616.2002 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 602NX UT WOS:000178512300004 PM 12368303 ER PT J AU Friedman, C Ahmed, F Franks, A Weatherup, T Manning, M Vance, A Thompson, BL AF Friedman, C Ahmed, F Franks, A Weatherup, T Manning, M Vance, A Thompson, BL TI Association between health insurance coverage of office visit and cancer screening among women SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article DE benefit structure; preferred provider organization; fee-for-service; pap smears; mammography; cost-sharing ID CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; OLDER WOMEN; MAMMOGRAPHY; CARE; COST; BARRIER; DEDUCTIBLES AB BACKGROUND. Little is known regarding the nuances of insurance benefit design that may affect the receipt of clinical preventive services. OBJECTIVE. To evaluate whether differences in insurance coverage of physician office visits influences the receipt of cancer screening in women who have full coverage for the screening services. DESIGN. Cohort study of women enrolled in fee-for-service (FFS) or Preferred Provider Organization (PPO) health plans, where FFS plans have less generous office visit coverage, for the period 1995 to 1997. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS. General Motors Corporation's employees and their dependents. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. Papanicolaou and mammography rates in women aged 21 to 64 years (n = 139,294) and 52 to 64 years (n = 56,554), respectively. RESULTS. Compared with FFS plans, enrollees in PPO plans were significantly more likely to obtain a Papanicolaou smear and mammogram (adjusted relative risk [RRa] = 1.22; 95% CI, 1.21-1.24; and RRa, 1.17; 95% Cl, 1.15-4.18, respectively). The association was more pronounced among hourly individuals (RRa, 1.27, 95% CI, 1.26-1.29 for Papanicolaou smears; RRa, 1.17, 95% CI, 1.16-1.19 for mammograms) than among salaried individuals (RRa, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.08-1.12 for Papanicolaou smears and RRa, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06-1.12 for mammograms), corresponding to a greater differential in office visit coverage among the hourly group. CONCLUSIONS. Benefit structure appears to have an important effect on receipt of cancer screening in women. The findings highlight the need to ensure that future reforms of the health care system do not adversely affect the use of preventive services. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Gen Motors Corp, Hlth Care Initiat Unit, Detroit, MI USA. RP Friedman, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, MS-K 73,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD NOV PY 2002 VL 40 IS 11 BP 1060 EP 1067 DI 10.1097/01.MLR.0000032186.29378.EB PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 611DP UT WOS:000179001400007 PM 12409851 ER PT J AU Escalante, AA Grebert, HM Isea, R Goldman, IF Basco, L Magris, M Biswas, S Kariuki, S Lal, AA AF Escalante, AA Grebert, HM Isea, R Goldman, IF Basco, L Magris, M Biswas, S Kariuki, S Lal, AA TI A study of genetic diversity in the gene encoding the circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium falciparum from different transmission areas - XVI. Asembo Bay Cohort Project SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; circumsporozoite; genetic diversity; intragenic recombination; vaccine; plasmodium; geographic variation; evolution repeats ID T-CELL EPITOPES; NATURAL-SELECTION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; VACCINE DEVELOPMENT; CANDIDATE VACCINE; MALARIA; POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCE AB We have investigated the genetic diversity of the gene encoding the CS protein. A total of 75 complete and 96 partial sequences are studied. We find high levels of genetic polymorphisms as evidenced by 50 and 24 alleles at the Th2R and Th3R epitopes, respectively. Overall, we find that African isolates are more polymorphic as compared with parasites from other geographic regions. We conclude that the uneven geographic polymorphism may have an adverse impact on the effectiveness of vaccines based on this antigen alone. We find extensive polymorphism in the repeat allotypes, or RATS. In order to explore how the protein structure may impose restrictions in the number of repeats, we have simulated the stability of the structure of the tandem repeat region. Our analysis suggests that the protein structure may play an important role in the observed polymorphism in the number of CS repeats in Plasmodium falciparum. We explored the linkage and recombination events among the polymorphic sites. We found that putative recombination events overlap with linked sites. We discuss how this pattern is explained by the action of positive natural selection, where the recombination events detected are convergent mutations. We conclude that it is inappropriate to use linkage-recombination patterns on genes under positive selection for assessing the structure of parasite populations. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Caracas, Venezuela. Univ Los Andes, Ctr Calculo Cient, Merida, Venezuela. Inst Rech Dev, Org Coordinat Endemies Afrique Cent, Lab Rech Paludisme, Yaounde, Cameroon. Ctr Amazon Invest & Control Enfermedades Trop, Puerto Ayacucho, Amazonas, Venezuela. Indian Council Med Res, Malaria Res Ctr, Delhi, India. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Escalante, AA (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Isea, Raul/M-8102-2015 OI Isea, Raul/0000-0002-6318-3428 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM060740-02, R01 GM60740-01] NR 45 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 125 IS 1-2 BP 83 EP 90 AR PII S0166-6851(02)00216-5 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(02)00216-5 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 626FR UT WOS:000179862000008 PM 12467976 ER PT J AU Takala, S Branch, O Escalante, AA Kariuki, S Wootton, J Lal, AA AF Takala, S Branch, O Escalante, AA Kariuki, S Wootton, J Lal, AA TI Evidence for intragenic recombination in Plasmodium falciparum: identification of a novel allele family in block 2 of merozoite surface protein-1: Asembo Bay Area Cohort Project XIV SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE merozoite protein; genetic diversity; vaccine; recombination; Plasmodium; allele family ID MEMBRANE ANTIGEN-1 AMA-1; HUMAN MALARIA PARASITE; NATURAL-SELECTION; ENZYMATIC AMPLIFICATION; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; SEQUENCE DIVERSITY; DNA-POLYMERASE; GENE; MSP-1; PCR AB We have investigated intragenic recombination in Block 2 of the merozoite surface protein-1 (MSP-1), where three allele-specific families: K1, Mad20, and 8033 were previously known. Using parasites from western Kenya, we have found a fourth Block 2 allele type, which is a recombinant between Mad20 and 8033 alleles. These recombinant alleles, which we have termed MR, contain sequence from the 5' region of Mad20 and the 3' region of RO33. The results of this study provide new data on the complexity of the MSP-1 antigen gene, which is a candidate vaccine antigen, and further support the importance of intragenic recombination in generating genetic variability in Plasmodium falciparum parasites in nature. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All tights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Vaccine Sect, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIH, Natl Ctr CBI, Bethesda, MD USA. Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Caracas, Venezuela. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Vaccine Sect, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop F12,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM60740, R01 GM060740] NR 35 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 125 IS 1-2 BP 163 EP 171 AR PII S0166-6851(02)00237-2 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(02)00237-2 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 626FR UT WOS:000179862000015 PM 12467983 ER PT J AU 't Mannetje, A Steenland, K Attfield, M Boffetta, P Checkoway, H DeKlerk, N Koskela, RS AF 't Mannetje, A Steenland, K Attfield, M Boffetta, P Checkoway, H DeKlerk, N Koskela, RS TI Exposure-response analysis and risk assessment for silica and silicosis mortality in a pooled analysis of six cohorts SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH INDUSTRY; AFRICAN GOLD MINERS; VERMONT GRANITE WORKERS; LUNG-CANCER MORTALITY; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; DUST EXPOSURES; DISEASE; CHINA AB Aims: To study the relation between exposure to crystalline silica and silicosis mortality. Although mortality is an important endpoint for regulators, there have been no exposure-response studies for silicosis mortality, because of the relative rareness of silicosis as an underlying cause of death, and the limited availability of quantitative exposure estimates. Methods: Data from six occupational cohorts were pooled with good retrospective exposure data in which 170 deaths from silicosis were reported. Standard life table analyses, nested case-control analyses, and risk assessment were performed. Results: The rate of silicosis mortality in the combined data was 28/100 000 py, increasing in nearly monotonic fashion from 4.7/100 000 for exposure of 0-0.99 mg/m(3)-years to 233/100 000 for exposure of >28.1 mg/m(3)-years. The estimated risk of death up to age 65 from silicosis after 45 years of exposure at 0.1 mg/m(3) silica (the current standard in many countries) was 13 per 1000, while the estimated risk at an exposure of 0.05 mg/m(3) was 6 per 1000. Both of these risks are above the risk of I per 1000 typically deemed acceptable by the US OSHA. Conclusion: The findings from this pooled analysis add further support to the need to control silica exposure and to lower the occupational standards. Our estimates of lifetime silicosis mortality risk are probably underestimates as, in addition to exposure misclassification, our study might have suffered from outcome misclassification in that silicosis deaths might have been coded to other related causes, such as tuberculosis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. C1 Int Agcy Res Canc, Unit Environm Canc Epidemiol, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. NIOSH, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Western Australia, Dept Publ Hlth, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. FIOH, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Helsinki, Finland. RP 't Mannetje, A (reprint author), Int Agcy Res Canc, Unit Environm Canc Epidemiol, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. RI de Klerk, Nicholas/D-8388-2016 OI de Klerk, Nicholas/0000-0001-9223-0767 NR 49 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 59 IS 11 BP 723 EP 728 DI 10.1136/oem.59.11.723 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 614WT UT WOS:000179215000002 PM 12409529 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Neal, JJ AF Klevens, RM Neal, JJ TI From morbidity and mortalin weekly report - Update: AIDS - United States, 2000 SO ONCOLOGY-NEW YORK LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU P R R INC PI MELVILLE PA 48 SOUTH SERVICE RD, MELVILLE, NY 11747 USA SN 0890-9091 J9 ONCOLOGY-NY JI Oncology-NY PD NOV PY 2002 VL 16 IS 11 BP 1443 EP 1445 PG 3 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 620VR UT WOS:000179553800003 ER PT J AU Blindauer, KM Sacks, JJ AF Blindauer, KM Sacks, JJ TI Periocular dog bite injuries and responsible care - Commentary SO OPHTHALMIC PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Blindauer, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0740-9303 J9 OPHTHALMIC PLAST REC JI Ophthalmic Plast. Reconstr. Surg. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 18 IS 6 BP 419 EP 420 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology; Surgery SC Ophthalmology; Surgery GA 617PC UT WOS:000179369200006 ER PT J AU Rayner, JC Corredor, V Feldman, D Ingravallo, P Iderabdullah, F Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW AF Rayner, JC Corredor, V Feldman, D Ingravallo, P Iderabdullah, F Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW TI Extensive polymorphism in the Plasmodium vivax merozoite surface coat protein MSP-3 alpha is limited to specific domains SO PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diversity; DNA slippage; malaria; merozoite; Plasmodium vivax; vaccine ID MALARIA PARASITES; KNOWLESI MALARIA; FALCIPARUM; GENE; DIVERSITY; SEQUENCES; EVOLUTION; ANTIGEN; PROTEIN-3-ALPHA; RECOMBINATION AB Plasmodium merozoites are covered by a complex coat of surface proteins. Several of the Merozoite Surface Proteins (MSPs) that make up this coat have been proposed as vaccine candidates although some of the MSPs are known to be highly polymorphic. We present here the first survey and analysis of the polymorphism in the recently characterized P. vivax surface protein PvMSP-3alpha. Full length or partial sequences were obtained for the Pvmsp-3alpha gene from isolates originating in Central and South America, Asia and the Pacific. The Pvmsp-3alpha sequence is remarkably diverse, but this extensive diversity is largely restricted to certain domains of the encoded protein. An acidic C-terminal domain and a smaller hydrophilic N-terminus are relatively conserved, while a central domain containing coiled-coil heptad repeats is highly polymorphic and in some isolates of P. vivax is partially deleted. Unlike other MSPs, there is no evidence of allelic families of PvMSP-3alpha gene sequences, and no evidence that certain patterns of polymorphism group within isolates of similar geographical origin. The distribution and nature of polymorphism suggest that there are functional restrictions on mutations in this gene, and have implications for inclusion of PvMSP-3alpha as a candidate in a P. vivax vaccine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Schering Plough Corp, Res Inst, Kenilworth, NJ 07033 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10026 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Yerkes Natl Primate Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Barnwell, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS F-13,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM wzb3@cdc.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 35804-06, AI 24710-16] NR 47 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0031-1820 EI 1469-8161 J9 PARASITOLOGY JI Parasitology PD NOV PY 2002 VL 125 BP 393 EP 405 DI 10.1017/S0031182002002317 PN 5 PG 13 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 621BX UT WOS:000179569600001 PM 12458823 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Trout, JM Lewis, EJ Xiao, L Lal, A Jenkins, MC Graczyk, TK AF Fayer, R Trout, JM Lewis, EJ Xiao, L Lal, A Jenkins, MC Graczyk, TK TI Temporal variability of Cryptosporidium in the Chesapeake Bay SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MUSSELS MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; PARVUM OOCYSTS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; EASTERN OYSTER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; PATHOGENS; SURVIVAL; SEAWATER AB Although Cryptosporidium has been found worldwide in molluscan shellfish from waters contaminated with human and animal feces, little or no relate environmental data have been obtained. In the present study, oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were collected eight times over 3 years from seven sites in the Chesapeake Bay or its tributaries, with accompanying data on water temperature, salinity, rainfall, and streamflow. Oyster gill washings were examined by immunofluorescence microscopy for Cryptosporidium oocysts. Of 1,590 oysters collected, 19.6% had detectable oocysts. Of 53 collections, oocysts were detected 81 % of the time. The time when the greatest percentage of oysters at most sites had detectable oocysts coincided with the time of greatest weekly and monthly rainfall, greatest streamflow into the Bay, and lowest water temperatures. In 28% of 53 collections, C. parvum genotypes I and 2 and C. baileyi were identified by PCR and gene sequencing. Oocyst infectivity was confirmed from 37.5% of 40 collections by initiating C. parvum genotype 2 infections in mice. C1 USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Agcy, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21601 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim Waste Pathogen Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 20 TC 43 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 88 IS 11 BP 998 EP 1003 DI 10.1007/s00436-002-0697-1 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 611LR UT WOS:000179019300009 PM 12375166 ER PT J AU Kirschke, DL Jones, TF Buckingham, SC Craig, AS Schaffner, W AF Kirschke, DL Jones, TF Buckingham, SC Craig, AS Schaffner, W TI Outbreak of aseptic meningitis associated with echovirus 13 SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE aseptic meningitis; echoviruses; emerging communicable diseases ID UNITED-STATES; ENTEROVIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS AB Background. Before 2001, echovirus 13 accounted for only 65 of similar to45 000 reported enteroviral isolates in the United States. During spring 2001, several outbreaks of echovirus 13 meningitis occurred, primarily affecting children. We investigated a large outbreak in Shelby County, TN, to determine the characteristics and clinical manifestations of echovirus 13 meningitis. Methods. We identified cases of aseptic meningitis at a children's hospital from April through August 2001 by reviewing discharge records. For patients with laboratory-confirmed echovirus 13 meningitis, we reviewed charts and interviewed parents. Results. We identified 303 hospitalizations caused by aseptic meningitis at the children's hospital from April through August. Hospitalizations peaked in May. Twenty-six percent of hospitalized patients were infants age <4 months; 63% were male. Hospitalization rates were 3 times greater among black children than among white children (140 vs. 47 per 100 000). Echovirus 13 was isolated from specimens from 37 (80%) of 46 patients with positive viral cultures. Of those. with laboratory-confirmed echovirus 13, 35 (95%) had fever, 26 (70%) had vomiting, 20 (54%) had headache, 16 (43%) had stiff neck and 16 (43%) had irritability. No sequelae or deaths were identified. Conclusions. Echovirus 13 emerged as a predominant strain of enterovirus associated with aseptic meningitis in the United States in 2001. In this outbreak echovirus 13 meningitis appeared to be clinically indistinguishable from aseptic meningitis caused by other enteroviruses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Univ Tennessee, Ctr Hlth Sci, Dept Pediat, Memphis, TN 38163 USA. Childrens Fdn Res Ctr, Memphis, TN USA. Lebonheur Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Dept Infect Control, Memphis, TN USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tennessee Dept Hlth, 4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. NR 26 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1034 EP 1038 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000036087.35882.91 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 615PH UT WOS:000179254800009 PM 12442025 ER PT J AU Dalton, RM Roman, ER Negredo, AA Wilhelmi, ID Glass, RI Sanchez-Fauquier, A AF Dalton, RM Roman, ER Negredo, AA Wilhelmi, ID Glass, RI Sanchez-Fauquier, A TI Astrovirus acute gastroenteritis among children in Madrid, Spain SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE astrovirus; incidence; Spanish; children ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTION; DIARRHEA; CITY AB Background. Human astroviruses cause infantile gastroenteritis worldwide, but the prevalence of disease varies greatly by setting. Since 1997 we have conducted a survey to determine the causes of diarrhea among Spanish children attending an emergency room in Madrid and to characterize the clinical features of viral-associated gastroenteritis. Objectives. To define the epidemiologic role of astrovirus-associated gastroenteritis in Spanish children, to review its clinical features and to compare these illnesses with those caused by rotavirus. To assess the sensitivity of two methods of detection [enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA) and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR]. Methods. Fecal specimens from 822 children with acute diarrhea treated at an emergency room were screened by EIA assays. Random astrovirus-positive samples were characterized by RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing for their phylogenetic grouping. Results. Astrovirus was detected in 44 (5.3%) of 822 specimens tested by EIA. No pathogens were detected in fecal specimens from 238 (29%) children; however, in 137 of those with adequate remaining specimens, we found an additional 50 (6.1%) that were positive by RT-PCR. HAstV-1 was the most prevalent type followed by HAstV-2. The gastroenteritis associated with astrovirus alone was slightly less severe and had a lower score or risk of hospitalization than that associated with rotavirus (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Astrovirus was found in 11.4% of all children whom we tested for enteric viral and bacterial pathogens, making it the second most common cause of acute gastroenteritis among Spanish children. True prevalence of astrovirus could be underestimated if only EIAs were used for detection. C1 Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Madrid 28220, Spain. Hosp Severo Ochoa, Serv Pediat, Madrid, Spain. Hosp Severo Ochoa, Microbiol Serv, Madrid, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sanchez-Fauquier, A (reprint author), Inst Salud Carlos III, Ctr Nacl Microbiol, Ctra Majadahonda Pozuelo Km 2, Madrid 28220, Spain. NR 15 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1038 EP 1041 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000036340.01842.f7 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 615PH UT WOS:000179254800010 PM 12442026 ER PT J AU Jiang, X Pickering, LK AF Jiang, X Pickering, LK TI Update on caliciviruses and human acute gastroenteritis SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFECTIOUS NONBACTERIAL GASTROENTERITIS; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUSES; VOLUNTEERS; PCR C1 Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jiang, X (reprint author), Cincinnati Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 21 IS 11 BP 1069 EP 1070 DI 10.1097/01.inf.0000038296.46643.22 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 615PH UT WOS:000179254800016 PM 12442032 ER PT J AU Scher, AI Petterson, B Blair, E Ellenberg, JH Grether, JK Haan, E Reddihough, DS Yeargin-Allsopp, M Nelson, KB AF Scher, AI Petterson, B Blair, E Ellenberg, JH Grether, JK Haan, E Reddihough, DS Yeargin-Allsopp, M Nelson, KB TI The risk of mortality or cerebral palsy in twins: A collaborative population-based study SO PEDIATRIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LINKING VITAL RECORDS; GESTATIONAL-AGE; CHANGING PATTERN; MULTIPLE BIRTHS; UNITED-STATES; REPRODUCTIVE HISTORIES; PERINATAL-MORTALITY; INFANT-MORTALITY; EASTERN DENMARK; FOLLOW-UP AB The purpose of the paper was to describe demographic and clinical factors associated with fetal or neonatal death or cerebral palsy (CP) in twins. Vital statistics from five populations in the United States and Australia, which included information on CP diagnosed after 1 y of age. Information on zygosity was not available. In 1,141,351 births, 25,772 of whom were twins, significant secular trends from 1980 to 1989 included increasing prevalence of twins, increasing proportion of unlike-sex twins, and increasing maternal age. Overall, twins were at an approximately 5-fold increased risk of fetal death, 7-fold increased risk of neonatal death, and 4-fold increased risk of CP compared with singletons. However, at birth weight <2500 g, twins generally did better than singletons, both with respect to mortality and to CP rates. Second-born twins and twins from same-sex pairs were at increased risk of early death but not of CP. Twins from growth-discordant pairs and twins whose co-twin died were at increased risk of both mortality and CP. The highest rates of CP were in surviving twins whose co-twin was still-born (4.7%), died shortly after birth (6.3%) or had CP (11.8%). In this large data set spanning a 10-y period, overall rates of death or cerebral palsy were higher in twins than singletons, although small twins generally did better than small singletons. Co-twin death was a strong predictor of CP in surviving twins. This risk was the same for same- and different-sex pairs, and observed both for preterm and term infants. C1 NINDS, Neuroepidemiol Branch, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Child Hlth Res, Subiaco, WA, Australia. Univ Western Australia, Dept Anat & Human Biol, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Inst Child Hlth Res, Nedlands, WA, Australia. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Calif Birth Defects Monitoring Program, Emeryville, CA USA. Womens & Childrens Hosp, S Australian Cerebral Palsy Register, Adelaide, SA, Australia. Royal Childrens Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Scher, AI (reprint author), NIA, Lab Epidemiol Demog & Biometry, 7201 Wisconsin Ave,Suite 3C-309,MSC 9205, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 58 TC 111 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT PEDIATRIC RESEARCH FOUNDATION, INC PI BALTIMORE PA 351 WEST CAMDEN ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21201-2436 USA SN 0031-3998 J9 PEDIATR RES JI Pediatr. Res. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 52 IS 5 BP 671 EP 681 DI 10.1203/01.PDR.0000032159.88318.5B PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 610TP UT WOS:000178977200010 PM 12409512 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, IM Averhoff, FM Massoudi, MS Yusuf, H DeStefano, F Kramarz, P Maher, JE Mullooly, JP Chun, C Davis, RL Black, SB Shinefield, HR AF Gonzalez, IM Averhoff, FM Massoudi, MS Yusuf, H DeStefano, F Kramarz, P Maher, JE Mullooly, JP Chun, C Davis, RL Black, SB Shinefield, HR CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Hepatitis B vaccination among adolescents in 3 large health maintenance organizations SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B vaccine; adolescence; health maintenance organizations; managed care; vaccination; immunization ID SAFETY DATALINK; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; PROGRAM; CHILDREN; SERIES AB Objective. In 1995, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine hepatitis B (HB) vaccination of all unvaccinated 11- to 12-year-old adolescents. Little is known about the implementation of these recommendations in a managed care setting. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of ACIP recommendations on HB vaccination among adolescents in 3 managed care settings. Methods. We assessed HB vaccination coverage among adolescents who were enrolled in 3 large health maintenance organizations (HMOs) and who turned 13 years old after the 1995 ACIP recommendations. Children who were 8 to 10 years of age during May 1993 and were continuously enrolled through December 1998 were eligible. We used the HMOs' computerized immunization tracking system to collect HB vaccination dates. The percentage of adolescents who received 3 doses of HB vaccine was determined. Results. In HMOs A, B, and C, coverage levels for 3 doses of HB vaccine were 43.4%, 65.5%, and 25.7%, respectively, among 13-year-olds in 1998 compared with 26.1%, 50.4%, and 5.5% among 13-year-olds in 1996. Between the ages of 11 and 13 years, coverage rates among adolescents aged 13 in 1998 rose more than the coverage among adolescents aged 13 in 1996. The proportion of 13-year-olds in 1998 who received the first dose of HB vaccine by December 1998 was much higher at 89.6%, 65.2%, and 56.6% in HMOs A, B, and C, respectively, compared with the proportion who completed the 3-dose series (43.4%, 65.5%, and 25.7%, respectively). Conclusions. After the 1995 ACIP recommendations, HB vaccination coverage levels among 13-year-olds increased in each of the HMOs, suggesting adherence with national recommendations. Differences among the 3 HMOs may reflect differences in internal policies. More effective strategies may be needed to achieve the Healthy People 2010 goal of 90% vaccination coverage rates among adolescents. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kaiser Permanente NW, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. RP Massoudi, MS (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 5 BP 929 EP 934 DI 10.1542/peds.110.5.929 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 610QK UT WOS:000178971800027 PM 12415032 ER PT J AU Luman, ET McCauley, MM Stokley, S Chu, SY Pickering, LK AF Luman, ET McCauley, MM Stokley, S Chu, SY Pickering, LK TI Timeliness of childhood immunizations SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE childhood immunizations; vaccination; vaccination coverage; timeliness; age-appropriate ID SCHOOL-AGE-CHILDREN; VACCINATION COVERAGE; CARE; INFANTS; PRIVATE; RATES AB Objective. To examine the timeliness of vaccine administration among infants and young children in the United States. Methods. We analyzed age at receipt of vaccines among 16 211 children aged 24 to 35 months in the 2000 National Immunization Survey and examined receipt at the recommended time of each dose and selected vaccination series, as well as receipt at 4 additional time frames: acceptably early, late, never by 24 months, and too early to be considered valid. We also examined the relationship between timeliness of vaccinations and characteristics of the child, mother, and immunization provider, using multivariate logistic regression. Results. Only 9% of children received all recommended vaccines at the recommended ages. The rates varied significantly by antigen, ranging from 24% for all Haemophilus influenzae type b doses to 75% for all hepatitis B doses as recommended. Overall, 55% of children did not receive all recommended doses by 24 months of age, and 8% of children received at least 1 vaccination dose too early to be considered valid. Factors associated with not receiving all vaccines as recommended were having more children in the household, mothers younger than 30 years, use of public providers, and multiple vaccination providers. Conclusions. By 24 months of age, 9 of 10 children received at least 1 vaccine outside the recommended age ranges. High vaccination status of children at 24 months of age does not reflect the reality that many vaccinations are not given at the appropriate ages. Timeliness of vaccination is critical to prevent disease outbreaks, protect children through their first 2 years of life, and minimize the need to repeat doses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Luman, ET (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 84 Z9 84 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 5 BP 935 EP 939 DI 10.1542/peds.110.5.935 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 610QK UT WOS:000178971800028 PM 12415033 ER PT J AU Hovell, MF Meltzer, SB Wahlgren, DR Matt, GE Hofstetter, R Jones, JA Meltzer, EO Bernert, JT Pirkle, JL AF Hovell, MF Meltzer, SB Wahlgren, DR Matt, GE Hofstetter, R Jones, JA Meltzer, EO Bernert, JT Pirkle, JL TI Asthma management and environmental tobacco smoke exposure reduction in Latino children: A controlled trial SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE environmental tobacco smoke; passive smoking; coaching; Latino; women; children; asthma; cotinine ID PASSIVE SMOKING; SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS; YOUNG-CHILDREN; RELIABILITY; COTININE; INCOME; CALIFORNIA; VALIDITY; HEALTH; HOSPITALIZATION AB Objectives. This study tested the efficacy of coaching to reduce environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure among asthmatic Latino children. Design. After asthma management education, families were randomly assigned to no additional service (control condition) or to coaching for ETS exposure reduction (experimental condition). Setting. The study was conducted in San Diego, California. Participants. Two hundred four Latino children (ages 3-17 years) with asthma participated. Intervention. Approximately 1.5 hours of asthma management education was provided; experimental families also obtained 7 coaching sessions (similar to45 minutes each) to reduce ETS exposure. Outcome Measures. Reported ETS exposure and children's urine cotinine were measured. Results. Parents in the coached condition reported their children exposed to significantly fewer cigarettes than parents of control children by 4 months (postcoaching). Reported prevalence of exposed children decreased to 52% for the coached families, but only to 69% for controls. By month 4, mean cotinine levels decreased among coached and increased among control children. Cotinine prevalence decreased from 54% to 40% among coached families, while it increased from 43% to 49% among controls. However, cotinine levels decreased among controls to the same level achieved by coached families by the 13-month follow-up. Conclusions. Asthma management education plus coaching can reduce ETS exposure more than expected from education alone, and decreases in the coached condition may be sustained for about a year. The delayed decrease in cotinine among controls is discussed. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Behav Epidemiol & Community Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Polit Sci, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Allergy & Asthma Med Grp & Res Ctr, San Diego, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hovell, MF (reprint author), C-BEACH,9245 Sky Pk Ct,Suite 230, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL52835, R01 HL052835] NR 68 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 5 BP 946 EP 956 DI 10.1542/peds.110.5.946 PG 11 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 610QK UT WOS:000178971800030 PM 12415035 ER PT J AU Garland, JS Henrickson, K Maki, DG AF Garland, JS Henrickson, K Maki, DG TI The 2002 Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for prevention of intravascular device-related infection SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CHLORHEXIDINE GLUCONATE; POVIDONE-IODINE; TRIAL; COLONIZATION C1 St Joseph Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, Milwaukee, WI 53210 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Dept Pediat, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Dept Med, Madison, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Garland, JS (reprint author), St Joseph Reg Med Ctr, Dept Pediat, 5000 W Chambers St, Milwaukee, WI 53210 USA. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1009 EP 1013 DI 10.1542/peds.110.5.1009 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 610QK UT WOS:000178971800039 PM 12415044 ER PT J AU MacDonald, H AF MacDonald, H CA Comm Fetus Newborn TI Perinatal care at the threshold of viability SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; CESAREAN DELIVERY; INFANTS; SURVIVAL; OUTCOMES; CHILDREN; AGE; MORBIDITY; SECTION AB In the United States, an increase in the number of births of extremely preterm infants and in their survival potential has occurred over the last decade. Determining the survival prognosis for the infant of a pregnancy with threatened preterm delivery between 22 and 25 completed weeks of gestation remains problematic. Many physicians and families encounter the difficulty of making decisions regarding the institution and continuation of life support for an infant born within this threshold period. This report addresses the process of counseling, assisting, and supporting families faced with the dilemma of an extremely preterm delivery. C1 Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Fetus & Newborn, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. Amer Nurses Assoc, Washington, DC 20024 USA. Assoc Womens Hlth Obstet & Neonatal Nurses, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Natl Assoc Neonatal Nurses, Glenview, IL 60025 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Coll Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Washington, DC 20090 USA. NICHHD, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP MacDonald, H (reprint author), Amer Acad Pediat, Comm Fetus & Newborn, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. NR 26 TC 147 Z9 152 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 5 BP 1024 EP 1027 DI 10.1542/peds.110.5.1024 PG 4 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 610QK UT WOS:000178971800042 PM 12415047 ER PT J AU O'Grady, NP Alexander, M Dellinger, P Gerberding, JL Heard, SO Maki, DG Masur, H McCormick, RD Mermel, LA Pearson, ML Raad, II Randolph, A Weinstein, RA AF O'Grady, NP Alexander, M Dellinger, P Gerberding, JL Heard, SO Maki, DG Masur, H McCormick, RD Mermel, LA Pearson, ML Raad, II Randolph, A Weinstein, RA TI Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Review DE catheter-related bloodstream infections; intensive care unit; central venous catheter; peripherally inserted central catheter; guidelines ID CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTION; INTENSIVE-CARE-UNIT; TOTAL PARENTERAL-NUTRITION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS CATHETERS; RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; PULMONARY-ARTERY CATHETERS; IN-LINE FILTRATION AB These guidelines have been developed for practitioners who insert catheters and for persons responsible for surveillance and control of infections in hospital, outpatient, and home health-care settings. This report was prepared by a working group comprising members from professional organizations representing the disciplines of critical care medicine, infectious diseases, health-care infection control, surgery, anesthesiology, interventional radiology, pulmonary medicine, pediatric medicine, and nursing. The working group was led by the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), in collaboration with the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA), Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), Surgical Infection Society (SIS), American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP), American Thoracic Society (ATS), American Society of Critical Care Anesthesiologists (ASCCA), Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), Infusion Nurses Society (INS), Oncology Nursing Society (ONS), Society of Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiology (SCVIR), American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and is intended to replace the Guideline for Prevention of Intravascular Device-Related Infections published in 1996. These guidelines are intended to provide evidence-based recommendations for preventing catheter-related infections. Major areas of emphasis include 1) educating and training health-care providers who insert and maintain catheters; 2) using maximal sterile barrier precautions during central venous catheter insertion; 3) using a 2% chlorhexidine preparation for skin antisepsis; 4) avoiding routine replacement of central venous catheters as a strategy to prevent infection; and 5) using antiseptic/antibiotic impregnated short-term central venous catheters if the rate of infection is high despite adherence to other strategies (ie, education and training, maximal sterile barrier precautions, and 2% chlorhexidine for skin antisepsis). These guidelines also identify performance indicators that can be used locally by health-care institutions or organizations to monitor their success in implementing these evidence-based recommendations. C1 NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Infus Nurses Soc, Cambridge, MA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CDC, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Worcester, MA USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Med, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin Hosp & Clin, Madison, WI 53792 USA. Rhode Isl Hosp, Providence, RI USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP O'Grady, NP (reprint author), NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, 9000 Rockville Pike,Bldg 10,Rm 7D43, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 286 TC 143 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 5 AR e51 DI 10.1542/peds.110.5.e51 PG 24 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 610QK UT WOS:000178971800001 PM 12415057 ER PT J AU Szilagyi, PG Schaffer, S Shone, L Barth, R Humiston, SG Sandler, M Rodewald, LE AF Szilagyi, PG Schaffer, S Shone, L Barth, R Humiston, SG Sandler, M Rodewald, LE TI Reducing geographic, racial, and ethnic disparities in childhood immunization rates by using reminder/recall interventions in urban primary care practices SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Pediatric-Academic-Societies CY MAY 04-07, 2002 CL BALTIMORE, MARYLAND SP Pediatr Acad Soc DE immunization rates; reminders; recall; disparities ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN PRESCHOOLERS; VACCINATION-COVERAGE LEVELS; INNER-CITY; UNITED-STATES; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH-CARE; CHILDREN; ACCESS; IMPACT AB Context. An overarching national health goal of Healthy People 2010 is to eliminate disparities in leading health care indicators including immunizations. Disparities in US childhood immunization rates persist, with inner-city, black, and Hispanic children having lower rates. Although practice or clinic-based interventions, such as patient reminder/recall systems, have been found to improve immunization rates in specific settings, there is little evidence that those site-based interventions can reduce disparities in immunization rates at the community level. Objective. To assess the effect of a community-wide reminder, recall, and outreach (RRO) system for childhood immunizations on known disparities in immunization rates between inner-city versus suburban populations and among white, black, and Hispanic children within an entire county. Setting. Monroe County, New York (birth cohort: 10 000, total population: 750 000), which includes the city of Rochester. Three geographic regions within the county were compared: the inner city of Rochester, which contains the greatest concentration of poverty (among 2-year-old children, 64% have Medicaid); the rest of the city of Rochester (38% have Medicaid); and the suburbs of the county (8% have Medicaid). Interventions. An RRO system was implemented in 8 city practices in 1995 (covering 64% of inner-city children) and was expanded to 10 city practices by 1999 (covering 74% of inner-city children, 61% of rest-of-city children, and 9% of suburban children). The RRO intervention involved lay community-based outreach workers who were assigned to city practices to track immunization rates of all 0- to 2-year-olds, and to provide a staged intervention with increasing intensity depending on the degree to which children were behind in immunizations (tracking for all children, mail, or telephone reminders for most children, assistance with transportation or scheduling for some children, and home visits for 5% of children who were most behind in immunizations and who faced complex barriers). Study Participants. Three separate cohorts of 0- to 2-year-old children were assessed-those residing in the county in 1993, 1996, and 1999. Study Design. Immunization rates were measured for each geographic region in Monroe County at 3 time periods: before the implementation of a systematic RRO system (1993), during early phases of implementation of the RRO system (1996), and after implementation of the RRO system in 10 city practices (1999). Immunization rates were compared for children living in the 3 geographic regions, and for white, black, and Hispanic children. Immunization rates were measured by the same methodology in each of the 3 time periods. A denominator of children was obtained by merging patient lists from the practice files of most pediatric and family medicine practices in the county (covering 85% to 89% of county children). A random sample of children (> 500 from the suburbs and >1200 from the city for each sampling period) was then selected for medical chart review at practices to determine demographic characteristics (including race and ethnicity) and immunization rates. City children were oversampled to allow detection of effects by geographic region and race. Rates for the 3 geographic regions and for the entire county were determined using Stata to adjust for the clustered sampling. Main Outcome Measures. Immunization rates at 12 and 24 months for recommended vaccines (4 diphtheriatetanus-pertussis:3 polio: 1 measles-mumps-rubella: greater than or equal to1 Haemophilus influenzae type b on or after 12 months of age). Results. Disparities by Geographic Region: Baseline immunization rates (1993) for 24-month-olds were as follows: inner city (55%), rest of city (64%), and suburbs (73%), with an 18% difference in rates between the inner city and suburbs. By 1996, immunization rates rose faster in the inner city (+21% points) than in the suburbs (+14% points) so that the difference in rates between the inner city and suburbs had narrowed to 11%. In 1999, rates were similar across geographic regions: inner city (84%), rest of city (81%), and suburbs (88%), with a 4% difference between the inner city and suburbs. Disparities by Race and Ethnicity: Immunization rates were available in 1996 and 1999 by race and ethnicity. Twenty-four- month immunization rates in 1996 showed disparities: white (89%), black (76%), and Hispanic (74%), with a 13% difference between rates for white and black children and a 15% difference between white and Hispanic children. In 1999, rates were similar across the groups: white (88%), black (81%), and Hispanic (87%), with a 7% difference between rates for white and black children, and a 1% difference between white and Hispanic children. Conclusions. A community-wide intervention of patient RRO raised childhood immunization rates in the inner city of Rochester and was associated with marked reductions in disparities in immunization rates between inner-city and suburban children and among racial and ethnic minority populations. By targeting a relatively manageable number of primary care practices that serve city children and using an effective strategy to increase immunization rates in each practice, it is possible to eliminate disparities in immunizations for vulnerable children. C1 Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Pediat, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Strong Childrens Res Ctr, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Emergency Med, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Rochester, Strong Mem Hosp, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Social Work, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Szilagyi, PG (reprint author), Univ Rochester, Strong Mem Hosp, Sch Med, Box 632,601 Elmwood Ave, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. OI Schaffer, Stanley/0000-0001-7993-1374 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U38-CCU217960] NR 64 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2002 VL 110 IS 5 AR e58 DI 10.1542/peds.110.5.e58 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 610QK UT WOS:000178971800008 PM 12415064 ER PT J AU Sly, DF Trapido, E Ray, S AF Sly, DF Trapido, E Ray, S TI Evidence of the dose effects of an antitobacco counteradvertising campaign SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE anti-tobacco advertisements; state tobacco control programs; media evaluation; youth behavior; smoking ID MEDIA CAMPAIGN; SMOKING AB Objectives. The objectives were to assess the cumulative effects of exposure to multiple antitobacco advertisements shown over a 22-month period on smoking uptake, and determine if there is evidence of a dose effect and how this effect operates through response to the campaign's major message theme and antitobacco attitudes. Methods. A follow-up telephone survey of persons ages 12-20 years was conducted after 22 months of the Florida "truth" antitobacco media campaign. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for the likelihood that time-one nonsmokers would remain nonsmokers at time two by levels of confirmed advertisement awareness, self-reported influence of the campaign's message theme, and antitobacco industry manipulation attitudes. Separate cohorts are analyzed and controls include gender and time-one susceptibility. Results. The likelihood of nonsmokers remaining nonsmokers increases as the number of ads confirmed, the self-reported influence of the campaign's major message theme, and the level of antitobacco attitudes increases. The pattern to these relationships holds within cohorts of young and older youth and for a cohort that has aged into the early young adult years. Considering all variables simultaneously suggests that ad confirmation operates through its effects on the influence of the message theme and antitobacco industry manipulation attitudes. Conclusions. There is evidence of a dose effect; however, considering only ad confirmation underestimates this. Antitobacco campaigns that target youth can have effects at least through the early young adult ages. The uniqueness of the Florida campaign may limit the generalization of reported results. (C) 2002 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science (USA). C1 Florida State Univ, Coll Social Work, Ctr Study Populat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Sylvester Comprehens Canc Ctr, Dept Epidemiol, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Sylvester Comprehens Canc Ctr, Tobacco Res & Evaluat Coordinating Ctr, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Sly, DF (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Coll Social Work, Ctr Study Populat, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 21 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 35 IS 5 BP 511 EP 518 DI 10.1006/pmed.2002.1100 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 613CK UT WOS:000179113900012 PM 12431900 ER PT J AU Fitch, JP Gardner, SN Kuczmarski, TA Kurtz, S Myers, R Ott, LL Slezak, TR Vitalis, EA Zemla, AT McCready, PM AF Fitch, JP Gardner, SN Kuczmarski, TA Kurtz, S Myers, R Ott, LL Slezak, TR Vitalis, EA Zemla, AT McCready, PM TI Rapid development of nucleic acid diagnostics SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE LA English DT Article DE deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA); diagnostics; genomics; nucleic acid; ribonucleic acid (RNA); suffix tree ID MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MOUTH-DISEASE; DNA-SEQUENCE; HUMAN-GENOME AB There has been a significant increase, fueled by technologies from the human genome project, in the availability of nucleic acid sequence information for viruses and bacteria. This paper presents a computer-assisted process that begins with nucleic acid sequence information and produces highly specific pathogen signatures. When combined with instrumentation using the polymerase chain reaction, the resulting diagnostics are both specific and sensitive. The computational and engineering aspects of converting raw sequence data into pathogen-specific and instrument-ready assays are presented. Examples and data are presented for specific pathogens, including foot-and-mouth disease virus and the human immunodeficiency virus. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Natl Secur Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Hamburg, Ctr Bioinformat, Hamburg, Germany. RP Fitch, JP (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Chem & Biol Natl Secur Program, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM jpfitch@llnl.gov NR 37 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9219 J9 P IEEE JI Proc. IEEE PD NOV PY 2002 VL 90 IS 11 BP 1708 EP 1721 DI 10.1109/JPROC.2002.804680 PG 14 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 614RQ UT WOS:000179204700003 ER PT J AU Campagnolo, ER Johnson, KR Karpati, A Rubin, CS Kolpin, DW Meyer, MT Esteban, JE Currier, RW Smith, K Thu, KM McGeehin, M AF Campagnolo, ER Johnson, KR Karpati, A Rubin, CS Kolpin, DW Meyer, MT Esteban, JE Currier, RW Smith, K Thu, KM McGeehin, M TI Antimicrobial residues in animal waste and water resources proximal to large-scale swine and poultry feeding operations SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE animal feeding operation (AFO); animal manure; manure storage lagoon; swine; poultry; chemical pollutants; antimicrobial agents; surface water; groundwater ID SPECTROMETRY; ANTIBIOTICS AB Expansion and intensification of large-scale animal feeding operations (AFOs) in the United States has resulted in concern about environmental contamination and its potential public health impacts. The objective of this investigation was to obtain background data on a broad profile of antimicrobial residues in animal wastes and surface water and groundwater proximal to large-scale swine and poultry operations. The samples were measured for antimicrobial compounds using both radioimmunoassay and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC/ ESI-MS) techniques. Multiple classes of antimicrobial compounds (commonly at concentrations of > 100 mug/l) were detected in swine waste storage lagoons. In addition, multiple classes of antimicrobial compounds were detected in surface and groundwater samples collected proximal to the swine and poultry farms. This information indicates that animal waste used as fertilizer for crops may serve as a source of antimicrobial residues for the environment. Further research is required to determine if the levels of antimicrobials detected in this study are of consequence to human and/or environmental ecosystems. A comparison of the radioimmunoassay and LC/ESI-MS analytical methods documented that radioimmunoassay techniques were only appropriate for measuring residues in animal waste samples likely to contain high levels of antimicrobials. More sensitive LC/ESI-MS techniques are required in environmental samples, where low levels of antimicrobial residues are more likely. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Iowa City, IA 52244 USA. US Geol Survey, Div Water Resources, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Bur Infect Dis Control, Columbus, OH 43215 USA. Univ Iowa, Inst Rural & Environm Hlth, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RP Johnson, KR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Meyer, Michael/0000-0001-6006-7985 NR 31 TC 221 Z9 268 U1 19 U2 125 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD NOV 1 PY 2002 VL 299 IS 1-3 BP 89 EP 95 AR PII S0048-9697(02)00233-4 DI 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00233-4 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 619DP UT WOS:000179459100007 PM 12462576 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Stall, R AF Anderson, JE Stall, R TI Increased reporting of male-to-male sexual activity in a national survey SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; BEHAVIOR; MEN AB Background: Prevention program designers need information on sexual behaviors to plan and evaluate their activities. Questions on sexual behavior have been added to a number of nationally representative interview surveys. Goal. The goal was to measure the percentage of adult men who have engaged in male-to-male sex in the past year and since age 18 years and to observe and interpret changes over time in these measurements. Study Design: Data are from the General Social Survey, a nationally representative, household-based survey of adults conducted in 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, and 2000. Questions on sexual behavior were part of a self-administered questionnaire completed by respondents. Estimates of male-to-male sex in the past year and since age 18 years were computed. Results: Estimates of male-to-male sex in the past year were higher for surveys conducted beginning in 1996 (3.1%-3.7% compared with 1.7%-2.0% for earlier surveys), a difference that remains statistically significant when controlling for background factors associated with nonresponse. These estimates are also higher than observed from other similar surveys. The estimates are affected by high level of missing data and an unknown level of underreporting. Conclusion: Previous estimates of the size of this population subgroup based on survey research may be too low. Methods that increase survey respondents' sense of privacy and improve completeness of data collection are needed to improve quality of measurement of sensitive sexual behaviors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Behav Intervent Res Branch, E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 29 IS 11 BP 643 EP 646 DI 10.1097/00007435-200211000-00005 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 612LF UT WOS:000179076200005 PM 12438899 ER PT J AU Trees, DL Sirivongrangson, P Schultz, AJ Buatiang, A Neal, SW Knapp, JS Kilmarx, PH AF Trees, DL Sirivongrangson, P Schultz, AJ Buatiang, A Neal, SW Knapp, JS Kilmarx, PH TI Multiclonal increase in ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Thailand, 1998-1999 SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID QUINOLONE RESISTANCE; DECREASED SUSCEPTIBILITIES; TOPOISOMERASE-IV; POINT MUTATIONS; UNITED-STATES; DNA GYRASE; PARC GENE; STRAINS; FLUOROQUINOLONES; IDENTIFICATION AB Background: Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates exhibiting clinically significant resistance to fluoroquinolones have been isolated most frequently in Asian and western Pacific countries, including Thailand. In Bangkok, Thailand, ciprofloxacin has been used to treat gonorrhea since 1987. Goal: Our goal was to determine the prevalence of isolates of N gonorrhoeae that exhibit resistance to ciprofloxacin in Bangkok and to characterize these strains with regard to ciprofloxacin MICs, auxotype/serovar (A/S) classification, gyrA and parC mutations responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance, and outer membrane lipoprotein (Lip) subtype analysis. Study Design: MICs of gonococcal isolates from consecutive patients attending the Bangrak Hospital STD Clinic in Bangkok were determined by agar dilution. A/S class was determined by established procedures. Mutations within gyrA and parC were determined by DNA sequencing. Lip subtypes were determined by PCR and DNA sequencing. Results: In 1998 and 1999, 115 of 168 isolated strains of N gonorrhoeae exhibited decreased susceptibility or resistance to ciprofloxacin, and three cases of possible ciprofloxacin treatment failure were identified. Ciprolloxacin-resistant (CipR) strains increased from 13.8% (8/58) in 1998 to 25.4% (28/110) in 1999 (P = 0.08). Ciprolloxacin MICs of CipR isolates ranged from 1.0 mug/ml to 32.0 mug/ml. CipR strains belonged to a number of A/S classes and Lip subtypes. Different CipR strains contained alterations at both amino acid 91 and amino acid 95 of gyrA and also contained an amino acid alteration in parC. These alterations are known to be involved in gonococcal resistance to ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: The prevalence of CipR strains of N gonorrhoeae isolated in Bangkok increased substantially in the 1990s. Characterization of the CipR isolates revealed a number of different strain subtypes, indicating that CipR isolates in Bangkok are not from a single clonal source and therefore result from multiple cases of importation or local emergence. Because of the high level of CipR isolates at Bangrak Hospital, in 2000 the Thai Ministry of Public Health issued recommendations against the use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of gonococcal infection in Thailand. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, Venereal Dis Div, Bangkok, Thailand. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Gonorrhea Res Branch, DASTLR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Trees, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Gonorrhea Res Branch, DASTLR, Mailstop G-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 29 IS 11 BP 668 EP 673 DI 10.1097/00007435-200211000-00009 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 612LF UT WOS:000179076200009 PM 12438903 ER PT J AU Tao, G Gift, TL Walsh, CM Irwin, KL Kassler, WJ AF Tao, G Gift, TL Walsh, CM Irwin, KL Kassler, WJ TI Optimal resource allocation for curing Chlamydia trachomatis infection among asymptomatic women at clinics operating on a fixed budget SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SELECTIVE SCREENING CRITERIA; FAMILY-PLANNING CLINICS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; STD SERVICES; AZITHROMYCIN; PREVALENCE; OPPORTUNITIES; PERFORMANCE; POPULATIONS AB Goal: The goal was to determine the optimal strategy for screening coverage, test selection, and treatment for C trachomatis infection in asymptomatic women for a given family-planning-program budget. Study Design: We developed a resource allocation model to determine the optimal strategy using data from 5078 visits by women universally screened for C trachomatis infection in a publicly funded family planning clinic system in Philadelphia. We maximized the number of infected women cured from the clinic perspective and maximized the cost-savings from the healthcare system perspective. The model incorporated the following age distributions: <20 years (27%), 20 to 24 years (30%), and >24 years (43%), with C trachomatis prevalences of 10.6%, 6.9%, and 2.3%, respectively. We modeled two screening test assays (DNA probe and ligase chain reaction [LCR] for cervical specimens) and two treatments (doxycycline and azithromycin). The model allowed for different test and treatment choices by age group. Results: At the baseline annual budget of $6 per visit, the strategy that maximized both the number of infected women cured and cost savings would be to screen all women with DNA probe and to treat all women with positive tests with azithromycin. This strategy would result in 183 women cured at a cost-savings of $140,176. Sensitivity analysis showed that the total budget had a great impact on the optimal strategy, incorporating screening coverage, test selection, and treatment. Conclusions: Using resource allocation models enables clinic managers operating with a fixed budget to identify a strategy that maximizes the number of asymptomatic women cured and cost savings when the clinic age distribution and age-specific C trachomatis prevalences are known. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New Hampshire Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Concord, NH 03301 USA. RP Tao, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 29 IS 11 BP 703 EP 709 DI 10.1097/00007435-200211000-00014 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 612LF UT WOS:000179076200014 PM 12438908 ER PT J AU Wong, KT Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Tan, CT AF Wong, KT Shieh, WJ Zaki, SR Tan, CT TI Nipah virus infection, an emerging paramyxoviral zoonosis SO SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HENDRA-VIRUS; ABATTOIR WORKERS; NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSIBILITY; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; PENINSULAR MALAYSIA; FATAL ENCEPHALITIS; RISK-FACTORS; PIG-FARMERS; FRUIT BATS; OUTBREAK AB The Nipah virus outbreak represented one of several bat-derived para-myxoviruses that has emerged during the last decade to cause severe human and animal disease. The pathogenesis of Nipah infection is associated with its ability to infect blood vessels and extravascular parenchyma in many organs, particularly in the central nervous system. The clinical manifestations of acute Nipah infection range from fever and mild headache to a severe acute encephalitic syndrome in which there is a high mortality. Much remains to be understood about this new disease, including its intriguing ability to cause relapsing encephalitis in some survivors. This review provides an overview of the Nipah outbreak, focussing on what is presently known about it as an infectious disease, including the clinical aspects, pathology and pathogenesis. C1 Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wong, KT (reprint author), Univ Malaya, Fac Med, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RI Wong, Kum Thong/B-2788-2010 NR 59 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0344-4325 J9 SPRINGER SEMIN IMMUN JI Springer Semin. Immunopathol. PD NOV PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 215 EP 228 DI 10.1007/s00281-002-0106-y PG 14 WC Immunology; Pathology SC Immunology; Pathology GA 620RB UT WOS:000179545400008 PM 12503066 ER PT J AU van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG ter Kuile, FO Misore, AO Otieno, JA Rosen, DH Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL AF van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG ter Kuile, FO Misore, AO Otieno, JA Rosen, DH Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL TI Risk factors for malaria in pregnancy in an urban and peri-urban population in western Kenya SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; HIV; pregnancy; adolescence; urban population; Kenya ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; RURAL MALAWI; WOMEN; INFECTION; ANEMIA; TRANSMISSION; CHLOROQUINE; RESISTANCE; MOZAMBIQUE AB To assess risk factors for malaria in pregnancy in Kisumu, western Kenya, we studied healthy women with an uncomplicated pregnancy of greater than or equal to 32 weeks attending the antenatal clinic in the Provincial Hospital. Between June 1996 and March 1999, malaria and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection were examined in 5093 pregnant women: 20.1% of the women were parasitaemic and 24.9% were HPV-seropositive. 2502 women delivered in the hospital and a smear was obtained: the prevalence of placental malaria, maternal peripheral parasitaemia, and HIV infection was respectively 19.0%, 15.2% and 24.5%. HIV infection (risk ratio [RR] 1.58, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.32-1.89), young age (< 21 years: RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.19-1.91), being a primigravidae (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.05-1.88), a periurban residence (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.21-1.88), and Luo ethnicity (RR 1.74, 95 % CI 1.35-2.24) were risk factors for malaria at delivery. Use of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), reported by 2.1% of the women, was a protective factor (RR 0.44, 95% CI 0.18-1.06). Results were similar in the third trimester. In this urban/peri-urban setting, preventing HIV infection, delaying the first pregnancy until after adolescence, and applying an effective antimalarial strategy such as intermittent therapy with SP will reduce the prevalence of malaria in pregnancy. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1012 WX Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kenya Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. WHO, Roll Back Malaria, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP van Eijk, AM (reprint author), POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 96 IS 6 BP 586 EP 592 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90319-6 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 648RW UT WOS:000181165200003 PM 12625128 ER PT J AU Johnson, BW Chambers, TV Crabtree, MB Filippis, AMB Vilarinhos, PTR Resende, MC Macoris, MDG Miller, BR AF Johnson, BW Chambers, TV Crabtree, MB Filippis, AMB Vilarinhos, PTR Resende, MC Macoris, MDG Miller, BR TI Vector competence of Brazilian Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus for a Brazilian yellow fever virus isolate SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE yellow fever; Aedes aegypti; Aedes albopictus; vector competence; Brazil ID DENGUE; TRANSMISSION; REEMERGENCE; EPIDEMIC; DISEASE AB Because the potential urban yellow fever (YF) mosquito vectors Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus are at historical highs in Brazil, both in terms of density and geographical range, we assessed the risk of an urban YF epidemic in Brazil. We evaluated and confirmed in a laboratory setting the vector competence of Brazilian Ae. aegypti for a currently circulating strain of YF virus, and investigated the potential for Brazilian Ae. albopictus to transmit YF. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Fiocruz MS, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Minist Hlth, FUNASA, CENEPI, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. SUCEN, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Johnson, BW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 15 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 96 IS 6 BP 611 EP 613 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90326-3 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 648RW UT WOS:000181165200008 PM 12625133 ER PT J AU Rowland, M Mohammed, N Rehman, H Hewitt, S Mendis, C Ahmad, M Kamal, M Wirtz, R AF Rowland, M Mohammed, N Rehman, H Hewitt, S Mendis, C Ahmad, M Kamal, M Wirtz, R TI Anopheline vectors and malaria transmission in eastern Afghanistan SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; mosquitoes; Anopheles stephensi; Anopheles culicifacies; Afghanistan ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; SRI-LANKA; PAKISTAN; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA; CHLOROQUINE; SPOROZOITES; RESISTANCE; MOSQUITOS; ELISA AB Anopheline vectors and malaria transmission were studied in 2 river-irrigated, rice-growing districts of eastern Afghanistan from May 1995 to December 1996. Clinical malaria was monitored in 12 rural villages (population 14 538) by passive case detection at local clinics. Adult mosquitoes were collected by space-spraying of living quarters and stables and by cattle bait catches. Mosquito head-thoraces (17 255 specimens) were tested for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax circumsporozoite protein (CSP) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The recorded incidence of P. vivax and P. falciparum was 199 and 41 episodes per 1000 person years, respectively. Twelve species of anopheline were recorded; Anopheles stephensi comprised 82% and A. culicafacies 5%. Eight species tested positive for CSP: A. stephensi, A. culicifacies, A. fluviatilus, A. annularis, A. pulcherrimus, A. maculattss, A. splendidus and A. superpictus. Among infected mosquitoes 46% were positive for P. falciparum, 45% for P. vivax VK-247, and 9% for P. vivax PV-210. Estimates of the feeding rates of infective vectors on humans indicated that A. stephensi would contribute 76% of infective bites, A. fluviatilis and A. pulcherrimus 7% each, and A. culicifacies and A. superpictus 3% each. The overall infective vector feeding rate correlated with the P. vivax incidence rate in the human population. The conventional view of A. culicifacies being the main rural vector and A. stephensi important only in urban settings needs to be reconsidered in western outreaches of the Indo-Pakistan subcontinent. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dis Control & Vector Biol Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. HealthNet Int, Peshawar, Pakistan. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rowland, M (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Dis Control & Vector Biol Unit, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. NR 30 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 1 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV-DEC PY 2002 VL 96 IS 6 BP 620 EP 626 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90331-7 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 648RW UT WOS:000181165200011 PM 12625136 ER PT J AU Gupta, R Cegielski, JP Espinal, MA Henkens, M Kim, JY Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, CSB Lee, JW Raviglione, MC Suarez, PG Varaine, F AF Gupta, R Cegielski, JP Espinal, MA Henkens, M Kim, JY Lambregts-van Weezenbeek, CSB Lee, JW Raviglione, MC Suarez, PG Varaine, F TI Increasing transparency in partnerships for health - introducing the Green Light Committee SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE MDR-TB; partnerships; access to drugs; tuberculosis ID PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS; DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AB Public-private partnerships have become central to efforts to combat infectious diseases. The characteristics of specific partnerships, their governance structures, and their ability to effectively address the issues for which they are developed are being clarified as experience is gained. In an attempt to promote access to and rational use of second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant TB, a unique partnership known as the Green Light Committee (GLC) was established by the World Health Organization. This partnership relies on five categories of actors to achieve its goal: academic institutions, civil society organizations, bilateral donors, governments of resource-limited countries, and a specialized United Nations agency. While the for-profit private sector is involved in terms of supplying concessionally priced drugs it is excluded from decision-making. The effectiveness of the partnership emerges from its review process, flexibility to modify its modus operandi to overcome obstacles, independence from the commercial sector, and its ability to link access, rational use, technical assistance, and policy development. The GLC mechanism may be useful in the development of other partnerships needed in the rational allocation of resources and tools for combating additional infectious diseases. C1 WHO, CDS, STB, TBS, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Programme Infect Dis & Social Change, Boston, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Act Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Med Sans Frontieres, Int Off, Brussels, Belgium. Royal Netherlands TB Assoc, The Hague, Netherlands. Minist Salud, Programa Control TB, Lima, Peru. Med Sans Frontieres, Paris, France. RP Gupta, R (reprint author), WHO, CDS, STB, TBS, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 31 TC 82 Z9 83 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD NOV PY 2002 VL 7 IS 11 BP 970 EP 976 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00960.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 607QD UT WOS:000178801500011 PM 12390604 ER PT J AU Khatri, GR Frieden, TR AF Khatri, GR Frieden, TR TI Controlling tuberculosis in India SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; TRANSMISSION; DYNAMICS AB Background: Tuberculosis kills nearly 500,000 people in India each year. Until recently, less than half of patients with tuberculosis received an accurate diagnosis, and less than half of those received effective treatment. Methods: We analyzed the effects of new policies introduced in 1993 that have resulted in increased resources, improved laboratory-based diagnosis, direct observation of treatment, and the use of standardized antituberculosis regimens and reporting methods. Results: By September 2001, more than 200,000 health workers had been trained, and 436 million people (more than 40 percent of the entire population) had access to services. About 3.4 million patients had been evaluated for tuberculosis, and nearly 800,000 had received treatment, with a success rate greater than 80 percent. More than half of all those treated in the past 8 years were treated in the past 12 months. Conclusions: India's tuberculosis-control program has been successful in improving access to care, the quality of diagnosis, and the likelihood of successful treatment. We estimate that the improved program has prevented 200,000 deaths, with indirect savings of more than $400 million - more than eight times the cost of implementation. It will be a substantial challenge to sustain and expand the program, given the country's level of economic development, limited primary health care system, and large and mostly unregulated private health care system, as well as the dual threats of the human immunodeficiency virus and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. C1 Govt India, Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Directorate Gen Hlth Serv, New Delhi, India. WHO, Reg Off SE Asia, New Delhi, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Frieden, TR (reprint author), 125 Worth St,CN 28, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 21 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 1 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 31 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 18 BP 1420 EP 1425 DI 10.1056/NEJMsa020098 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 609DM UT WOS:000178888400006 PM 12409545 ER PT J AU Marchbanks, PA McDonald, JA Wilson, HG AF Marchbanks, PA McDonald, JA Wilson, HG TI Oral contraceptives and the risk of breast cancer - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marchbanks, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 31 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 18 BP 1449 EP 1449 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 609DM UT WOS:000178888400015 ER PT J AU Schieve, LA Meikle, SF Ferre, C AF Schieve, LA Meikle, SF Ferre, C TI Low and very low birth weight after use of assisted reproductive technology - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schieve, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 31 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 18 BP 1452 EP 1452 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 609DM UT WOS:000178888400022 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Engelgau, MM Narayan, V AF Gregg, EW Engelgau, MM Narayan, V TI Complications of diabetes in elderly people - Underappreciated problems include cognitive decline and physical disability SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID RISK-FACTORS; PREVALENCE; MELLITUS; DEMENTIA; DISEASE; BURDEN; ADULTS; US C1 CDCP, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30047 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Sect, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30047 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), CDCP, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30047 USA. NR 12 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD OCT 26 PY 2002 VL 325 IS 7370 BP 916 EP 917 DI 10.1136/bmj.325.7370.916 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 610XB UT WOS:000178986300004 PM 12399324 ER PT J AU Ognjan, A Boulton, ML Somsel, P Stobierski, MG Stoltman, G Downes, F Smith, K Chapman, L Petersen, L Marfin, A Campbell, G Lanciotti, R Roehrig, J Gubler, D Chamberland, M Montgomery, J Arole, CA AF Ognjan, A Boulton, ML Somsel, P Stobierski, MG Stoltman, G Downes, F Smith, K Chapman, L Petersen, L Marfin, A Campbell, G Lanciotti, R Roehrig, J Gubler, D Chamberland, M Montgomery, J Arole, CA TI Possible West Nile Virus transmission to an infant through breast-feeding - Michigan, 2002 - (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 877-878, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Mt Clemens Gen Hosp, Mt Clemens, MI 48043 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ognjan, A (reprint author), Mt Clemens Gen Hosp, Mt Clemens, MI 48043 USA. NR 1 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 23 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 16 BP 1976 EP 1977 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 606QW UT WOS:000178745500007 ER PT J AU Gotsch, K Annest, JL Holmgreen, P Gilchrist, J AF Gotsch, K Annest, JL Holmgreen, P Gilchrist, J CA CDC TI Nonfatal sports- and recreation-related injuries treated in emergency departments - United States, July 2000-June 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 736-740, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gotsch, K (reprint author), CDC, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 23 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 16 BP 1977 EP 1979 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 606QW UT WOS:000178745500008 ER PT J AU Murray, E Postema, A Brammer, L Bridges, C Hall, H Klimov, A Fukuda, K Cox, N AF Murray, E Postema, A Brammer, L Bridges, C Hall, H Klimov, A Fukuda, K Cox, N CA WHO Collaborating Ctr Surveillance CDC TI Update: Influenza activity - United States and worldwide, June-September, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 880-882, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 WHO, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Murray, E (reprint author), WHO, Collaborating Ctr Surveillance Epidemiol & Contro, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 23 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 16 BP 1979 EP 1980 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 606QW UT WOS:000178745500009 ER PT J AU Nolan, ML Greenberg, AE Fowler, MG AF Nolan, ML Greenberg, AE Fowler, MG TI A review of clinical trials to prevent mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in Africa and inform rational intervention strategies SO AIDS LA English DT Review DE HIV; clinical trial; mother-to-child transmission; intervention; Africa ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; COTE-DIVOIRE; RECEIVING NEVIRAPINE; INFANT TRANSMISSION; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; UGANDAN WOMEN; TYPE-1; INFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Nolan, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Projet RETROCl, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 51 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 18 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 15 BP 1991 EP 1999 DI 10.1097/00002030-200210180-00003 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 612FR UT WOS:000179064300003 PM 12370497 ER PT J AU Sklar, PA Ward, DJ Baker, RK Wood, KC Gafoor, Z Alzola, CF Moormanm, AC Holmberg, SD AF Sklar, PA Ward, DJ Baker, RK Wood, KC Gafoor, Z Alzola, CF Moormanm, AC Holmberg, SD CA HOPS Investigators TI Prevalence and clinical correlates of HIV viremia ('blips') in patients with previous suppression below the limits of quantification SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE transient viremia; viral load; highly active antiretroviral therapy; CD4; cohort study; HIV infections; prevalence ID THERAPY; LOAD AB Objective: To examine the prevalence and clinical correlates of subsequently measurable viremia in HIV-infected patients who have achieved viral suppression below the limits of quantification (< 50 copies/ml). Design: Non-randomized dynamic cohort study of ambulatory HIV patients in nine HIV clinics in eight cities. Patients: Patients had two consecutive HIV-1 RNA levels < 50 copies/ml (minimum, 2 months apart) that were followed by at least two more viral level determinations while remaining on the same antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 1997 and June 2000 (median 485 days). Transiently viremic patients were defined having a subsequently measurable viremia but again achieved suppression < 50 copies/ml. Results: Of the 448 patients, 122 (27.2%) had transient viremia, 19 (4.2%) had lasting low-level viremia and 33 (7.4%) had lasting high-level viremia (defined as 50400 and > 400 copies/ml, respectively). Only 16 (13.1%) of those who had transient viremia later had persistent viremia > 50 copies/ml. The occurrence of transient viremia did not vary with whether the patient was ART naive or experienced (P = 0.31), or currently taking protease inhibitors or not (P = 0.08). On consistent ART, the median percentage increase in CD4 cell count was statistically different between subgroups of our cohort (Kruskal-Wallis, P = 0.002). Conclusions: Transiently detectable viremia, usually 50-400 copies/ml, was frequent among patients who had two consecutive HIV-1 RNA levels below the limits of quantification. In this analysis, such viremia did not appear to affect the risk of developing lasting viremia. Caution is warranted before considering a regimen as 'failing' and changing medications. (C) 2002 Lippincott Williams Wilkins. C1 George Washington Univ, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA. Dupont Circle Phys Grp, Washington, DC USA. Cerner Corp, Vienna, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sklar, PA (reprint author), NIH, Dept Crit Care Med, Bldg 10,Room 7D43,10 Ctr Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [UC64/CCU5096889-03] NR 11 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 18 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 15 BP 2035 EP 2041 DI 10.1097/00002030-200210180-00008 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 612FR UT WOS:000179064300008 PM 12370502 ER PT J AU Boily, MC Lowndes, CM Gregson, S AF Boily, MC Lowndes, CM Gregson, S TI Population-level risk factors for HIV transmission and 'the 4 Cities Study': temporal dynamics and the significance of sexual mixing patterns SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID PREVALENCE; AFRICA; IMPACT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Laval, Unite Rech Sante Populat, Hop St Sacrement, CHA, Quebec City, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Fac Med, Dept Social Sci & Med, London, England. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, Fac Med, Dept Infect Dis Epidemiol, London, England. RP Boily, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD OCT 18 PY 2002 VL 16 IS 15 BP 2101 EP 2102 DI 10.1097/00002030-200210180-00025 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 612FR UT WOS:000179064300025 PM 12370519 ER PT J AU Petersen, LR Roehrig, JT Hughes, JM AF Petersen, LR Roehrig, JT Hughes, JM TI Outlook: West Nile virus encephalitis SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Petersen, LR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 0 TC 81 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 17 PY 2002 VL 347 IS 16 BP 1225 EP 1226 DI 10.1056/NEJMo020128 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 604CP UT WOS:000178598300002 PM 12270973 ER PT J AU Leis, A Stokic, D Polk, J Dostrow, V Winkelman, M Webb, R Slavinski, S Currier, M Van Gerpen, J Brewer, E Ratard, R Sejvar, J Petersen, L Marfin, A Campbell, G Tierney, B Haddad, M Montgomery, S Vicari, A AF Leis, A Stokic, D Polk, J Dostrow, V Winkelman, M Webb, R Slavinski, S Currier, M Van Gerpen, J Brewer, E Ratard, R Sejvar, J Petersen, L Marfin, A Campbell, G Tierney, B Haddad, M Montgomery, S Vicari, A CA CDC TI Acute flaccid paralysis syndrome associated with West Nile virus infection - Mississippi and Louisiana, July-August 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pgs 825-828, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Methodist Rehabil Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. Ochsner Clin & Alton Ochsner Med Fdn, New Orleans, LA USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Leis, A (reprint author), Methodist Rehabil Ctr, Jackson, MS 39216 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 16 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 15 BP 1839 EP 1840 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 604EU UT WOS:000178604200008 ER PT J AU de Luise, C Blank, S Brown, J Rubin, S Meyers, A Neylans, L Paz-Bailey, G Markowitz, L AF de Luise, C Blank, S Brown, J Rubin, S Meyers, A Neylans, L Paz-Bailey, G Markowitz, L CA CDC TI Primary and secondary syphilis among men who have sex with men - New York City, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pgs 853-856, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, STD Control Program, New York, NY 10013 USA. CDC, Div STD Prevent, Nat Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP de Luise, C (reprint author), New York City Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, STD Control Program, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 16 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 15 BP 1840 EP 1842 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 604EU UT WOS:000178604200009 ER PT J AU Brener, N Lowry, R Kann, L Kolbe, L Lehnherr, J Janssen, R Jaffe, H AF Brener, N Lowry, R Kann, L Kolbe, L Lehnherr, J Janssen, R Jaffe, H CA CDC TI Trends in sexual risk behaviors among high school students - United States, 1991-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 856-859, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brener, N (reprint author), CDC, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 16 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 15 BP 1842 EP 1844 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 604EU UT WOS:000178604200010 ER PT J AU Neff, JM Lane, JM Fulginiti, VA Henderson, DA AF Neff, JM Lane, JM Fulginiti, VA Henderson, DA TI Contact vaccinia - Transmission of vaccinia from smallpox vaccination SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ATOPIC-DERMATITIS; PREVALENCE C1 Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Ctr Children Special Needs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Smallpox Eradicat Progeam, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Arizona, Sch Med, Tucson, AZ USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Ctr Civilian Biodef Strategies, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Neff, JM (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Med Ctr, Ctr Children Special Needs, 4800 Sand Point Way NE,CM-09, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. NR 30 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 16 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 15 BP 1901 EP 1905 DI 10.1001/jama.288.15.1901 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 604EU UT WOS:000178604200030 PM 12377090 ER PT J AU Robbins, KE Weidle, PJ Brown, TM Saekhou, AM Coles, B Holmberg, SD Folks, TM Kalish, ML AF Robbins, KE Weidle, PJ Brown, TM Saekhou, AM Coles, B Holmberg, SD Folks, TM Kalish, ML TI Molecular analysis in support of an investigation of a cluster of HIV-1-infected women SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HIV TRANSMISSION; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PATIENT; HISTORY; AIDS AB An investigation of a possible single-source sexual transmission case was conducted in upstate New York in 1997-1998 (MMWR 1999; 48: 413-416). Of 42 primary female contacts with the putative male index case, 13 tested positive for HIV infection. Blood was available for DNA sequencing (C2V3C3 region of the env gene and the p17-coding region of gag) from 10 of the 13 women, 1 HIV-infected secondary contact, and 2 HIV-infected persons from the community, but not from the index case. Phylogenetic and distance analyses were performed with the inclusion of reference HIV subtype strains for both the env and gag gene regions, as well as the two regions combined. A high degree of relatedness was found among DNA sequences of the 10 primary contacts that excluded reference strains, the secondary contact, and the community HIV control subjects. In conclusion, phylogenetic analysis of HIV strains in an epidemiologic investigation is highly useful in support of cluster identification, even without sampling from the putative index patient. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. RP Robbins, KE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 18 IS 15 BP 1157 EP 1161 DI 10.1089/088922202320567914 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 601JM UT WOS:000178442700009 PM 12402955 ER PT J AU Saydah, SH Eberhardt, MS Loria, CM Brancati, FL AF Saydah, SH Eberhardt, MS Loria, CM Brancati, FL TI Age and the burden of death attributable to diabetes in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; mortality ID MORTALITY; US; CERTIFICATES; POPULATION; PREVALENCE; GLUCOSE; ADULTS; INDEX AB Diabetes is a well-established cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. The burden of death attributable to diabetes in the United States is not well quantified, particularly with regard to age. The authors analyzed data from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 11) (19761980) and the NHANES II Mortality Study, in which a nationally representative cohort of 9,250 adults aged 3075 years was followed for 12-16 years, to determine all-cause and cause-specific mortality. Overall, between 1976 and 1980, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was 4.3%. By 1992, the relative hazard of all-cause mortality was 1.9 (95% confidence interval: 1.5, 2.3), and the population attributable risk (PAR) was 3.6%. The relative hazard of CVD mortality was 2.3 (95% confidence interval: 1.8, 2.8), and the PAR was 5.2%. Including participants with undiagnosed diabetes in the estimates increased the PAR for all-cause mortality to 5.1% and that for CVD mortality to 6.8%. Women had a higher prevalence of diagnosed diabetes than men and a greater relative hazard of death than nondiabetic women, leading to a higher PAR for women (3.8% for all causes and 7.3% for CVD) versus men (3.3% for all causes and 3.8% for CVD). These data suggest that diabetes accounts for at least 3.6% of all deaths and 5.2% of CVD deaths in US adults. Improvements in diabetes prevention and treatment should produce noticeable effects on US life expectancy. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Brancati, FL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, 2024 E Monument St,Suite 2-600, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [T32 HL07024-26] NR 29 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 8 BP 714 EP 719 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf111 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 605AH UT WOS:000178652900004 PM 12370159 ER PT J AU Dai, SF Labarthe, DR Grunbaum, JA Harrist, RB Mueller, WH AF Dai, SF Labarthe, DR Grunbaum, JA Harrist, RB Mueller, WH TI Longitudinal analysis of changes in indices of obesity from age 8 years to age 18 years SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adolescence; body mass index; child; growth; longitudinal studies; obesity ID CARDIOVASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; FAT-FREE MASS; BODY-COMPOSITION; PROJECT HEARTBEAT; YOUNG-ADULTS; CHILDREN; IMPEDANCE; WEIGHT; BIRTH AB To compare growth patterns of obesity indices derived from body composition and anthropometric measures, the authors analyzed data from Project HeartBeat!, a longitudinal study of cardiovascular disease risk factors in childhood and adolescence. A total of 678 children initially aged 8, 11, and 14 years in The Woodlands and Conroe, Texas, were enrolled and followed with 4-monthly examinations between October 1991 and August 1995. Trajectories of change from age 8 years to age 18 years were estimated for body mass index, percent body fat, abdominal circumference, the sum of two skinfolds, and the sum of six skinfolds. All indices varied importantly with age. Percent body fat, sum of two skinfolds, and sum of six skinfolds shared similar growth patterns, with strong divergence between males and females. Males' body fat decreased with age and females' increased or remained nearly constant with age. In contrast, both body mass index and abdominal circumference increased monotonically with age in both sexes, exhibiting little sex difference as children reached late adolescence. Sex differences were more striking among Blacks than among non-Blacks. The authors conclude that growth patterns of adiposity differ according to the measure chosen. Furthermore, changes in different obesity indices may not relate in the same way to changes in blood pressure or blood lipid concentrations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Dai, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01-HL-41166]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU609653]; PHS HHS [P0 0009966385] NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 8 BP 720 EP 729 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf109 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 605AH UT WOS:000178652900005 PM 12370160 ER PT J AU Hnizdo, E Sullivan, PA Bang, KM Wagner, G AF Hnizdo, E Sullivan, PA Bang, KM Wagner, G TI Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and employment by industry and occupation in the US population: A study of data from the third national health and nutrition examination survey SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE airway obstruction; occupational diseases; occupational exposure; prevalence ID GENERAL-POPULATION; LUNG-DISEASE; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; CHRONIC-BRONCHITIS; DUST EXPOSURE; PREVALENCE; PROPORTION; COMMUNITY; WORKERS; ZUTPHEN AB Data from the US population-based Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, conducted from 1988 to 1994, were used to estimate the population prevalence, prevalence odds ratios, and attributable fractions for the association of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with employment by industry and occupation. The aim was to identify industries and occupations at increased risk of COPD. COPD was defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity <70% and FEV1<80% predicted. The authors used SUDAAN software (Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina) to estimate the weighted population prevalence and odds ratios using 9,823 subjects aged 30-75 years who underwent lung function tests. Odds ratios for COPD, adjusted for age, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, body mass index, education, and socioeconomic status, were increased for the following industries: rubber, plastics, and leather manufacturing; utilities; office building services; textile mill products manufacturing; the armed forces; food products manufacturing; repair services and gas stations; agriculture; sales; construction; transportation and trucking; personal services; and health care. Occupations associated with increased odds ratios for COPD were freight, stock, and material handlers; records processing and distribution clerks; sales; transportation-related occupations; machine operators; construction trades; and waitresses. The fraction of COPD attributable to work was estimated as 19.2% overall and 31.1% among never smokers. C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Hnizdo, E (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS H2800,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 43 TC 145 Z9 154 U1 1 U2 13 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 156 IS 8 BP 738 EP 746 DI 10.1093/aje/kwf105 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 605AH UT WOS:000178652900007 PM 12370162 ER PT J AU Gerberding, JL AF Gerberding, JL TI Hospital-onset infections: A patient safety issue SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID URINARY-TRACT INFECTION; INADEQUATE ANTIMICROBIAL TREATMENT; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS; INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; RISK-FACTORS; NOSOCOMIAL PNEUMONIA; ATTRIBUTABLE MORTALITY; CATHETERIZED PATIENTS; VENTILATED PATIENTS AB Hospital-onset infections, particularly those involving the urinary tract, lung, and bloodstream, are common and costly and cause substantial morbidity. This article analyzes the case of a 78-year-old man with lung cancer who died after developing hospitalonset pneumonia and urinary catheter-related infection during hospitalization for elective removal of a cerebellar metastasis. The field of infection control could benefit by adopting several approaches advocated by patient safety adherents, such as root-cause analysis. For example, hospital-onset infections that are implicated as attributable causes of death should perhaps be reviewed by local infection control teams regardless of the institution's overall infection rates. The patient safety movement can also learn from the traditions of infection control and hospital epidemiology. Specifically, applying infection control-based practices to safety problems may enhance safety. Such practices include establishing clear definitions of adverse events, standardizing methods for detecting and reporting events, creating appropriate rate adjustments for case-mix differences, instituting evidence-based intervention programs, and relying on skilled professionals to promote ongoing improvements in care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gerberding, JL (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd MS A07, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 54 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 137 IS 8 BP 665 EP 670 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 604WL UT WOS:000178644000006 PM 12379067 ER PT J AU Levin, B Smith, RA Feldman, GE Colditz, GA Fletcher, RH Nadel, M Rothenberger, DA Schroy, PS Vernon, SW Wender, R AF Levin, B Smith, RA Feldman, GE Colditz, GA Fletcher, RH Nadel, M Rothenberger, DA Schroy, PS Vernon, SW Wender, R CA Natl Colorectal Canc Roundtable TI Promoting early detection tests for colorectal carcinoma and adenomatous polyps - A framework for action: The strategic plan of the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable SO CANCER LA English DT Article ID FECAL OCCULT-BLOOD; PRIMARY-CARE PHYSICIANS; SCREENING SIGMOIDOSCOPY; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; COLON-CANCER; FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY; PATIENT PREFERENCES; CONTROLLED TRIAL; COLONOSCOPY; INTERVENTIONS AB BACKGROUND. The purpose of the current study was to provide health professionals, professional organizations, policy makers, and the general public with a practical blueprint for increasing the practice of screening for colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and adenomatous polyps over the next decade. The National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable (NCCRT) was founded in 1997 by the American Cancer Society and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to provide strategic leadership, advocacy, long-range planning, and coordination of interventions targeted at reducing the disease burden of CRC through education, early detection, and Prevention. The NCCRT and its three workgroups include CRC survivors; recognized experts in primary care, gastroenterology, radiology, colorectal surgery, nursing, public policy, epidemiology, and behavioral science; patient advocates; and representatives of health plans and insurers, government, and other organizations. METHODS. The NCCRT performed a literature review of published and unpublished data related to CRC screening guidelines, compliance, and barriers to adherence, as well as test effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. Members of the three NCCRT workgroups developed summary reports regarding professional education, public education and awareness, and health policy. A drafting committee developed the final strategic plan from workgroup reports, which was reviewed by the entire NCCRT membership, amended, and subsequently approved in final form. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS. Although the rationale for population-wide CRC screening is well established, the majority of adults in the U.S. are not currently being screened for CRC. Thus, the nation foregoes an opportunity to reduce CRC-related mortality by an estimated greater than or equal to 50%. To increase CRC screening rates, the issues of patient and physician barriers to screening, lack of universal coverage, lack of incentives to motivate adherence, and expanded infrastructure must be addressed. (C) 2002 American Cancer Society. C1 Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Canc Prevent 203, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ambulatory Care & Prevent, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Minnesota, Div Colon & Rectal Surg, Minneapolis, MN USA. Boston Univ, Dept Gastroenterol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Texas, Houston Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Res, Houston, TX USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Family Med, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. RP Levin, B (reprint author), Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Div Canc Prevent 203, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RI Colditz, Graham/A-3963-2009 OI Colditz, Graham/0000-0002-7307-0291 NR 79 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0008-543X J9 CANCER JI Cancer PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 95 IS 8 BP 1618 EP 1628 DI 10.1002/cncr.10890 PG 11 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 602EK UT WOS:000178492600002 PM 12365008 ER PT J AU Duren-Winfield, VT Goonan, K Evans, G Schmedtje, J Croft, JB Goff, DC AF Duren-Winfield, VT Goonan, K Evans, G Schmedtje, J Croft, JB Goff, DC TI Treatment of congestive heart failure in a managed care setting: Final results from the achieving cardiac excellence project SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 4th Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke CY OCT 13-14, 2002 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Heart Assoc Councils Cardiovasc Dis Young, Cardiovasc Nursing, Cardio Thorac & Vasc Surg, Amer Coll Cardiol Fdn, Dept Vet Affairs C1 Wake Forest Univ, Bowman Gray Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 106 IS 16 MA P267 BP E123 EP E123 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 605NH UT WOS:000178683600252 ER PT J AU Beall, B Besser, J Bisno, A Chuang, IL Craig, AS Facklam, R Fetter, J Gerber, MA Gray, G Hill, H Lepine, L Levine, O McGeer, A Moore, M Pearson, M O'Brien, K Schuchat, A Sewell, M Shulman, S Siegel, J Stevens, DL Strausbaugh, L Van Beneden, C AF Beall, B Besser, J Bisno, A Chuang, IL Craig, AS Facklam, R Fetter, J Gerber, MA Gray, G Hill, H Lepine, L Levine, O McGeer, A Moore, M Pearson, M O'Brien, K Schuchat, A Sewell, M Shulman, S Siegel, J Stevens, DL Strausbaugh, L Van Beneden, C CA Prevention Invasive Grp A Streptoc TI Prevention of invasive group A streptococcal disease among household contacts of case patients and among postpartum and postsurgical patients: Recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCUS; SURGICAL-WOUND INFECTIONS; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; PHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; ERADICATE GROUP; PENICILLIN; OUTBREAK; STRAINS; FAMILY; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention hosted a workshop to formulate recommendations for the control of invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease among household contacts of persons with invasive GAS infections and for responding to postpartum and postsurgical invasive GAS infections. Experts reviewed data on the risk of subsequent invasive GAS infection among household contacts of case patients, the effectiveness of chemoprophylactic regimens for eradicating GAS carriage, and the epidemiology of postpartum and postsurgical GAS infection clusters. For household contacts of index patients, routine screening for and chemoprophylaxis against GAS are not recommended. Providers and public health officials may choose to offer chemoprophylaxis to household contacts who are at an increased risk of sporadic disease or mortality due to GAS. One nosocomial postpartum or postsurgical invasive GAS infection should prompt enhanced surveillance and isolate storage, whereas greater than or equal to2 cases caused by the same strain should prompt an epidemiological investigation that includes the culture of specimens from epidemiologically linked health care workers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Miami Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Act Bacterial Core Surveillance Program, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Northside Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. Assoc Profess Infect Control & Epidemiol, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Amer Acad Pediat, Elk Grove Village, IL 60007 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Toronto, Lab Med & Publ Hlth Sci, Toronto, ON, Canada. Mt Sinai Hosp, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv Program, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. New Mexico Dept Hlth, Santa Fe, NM USA. Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Pediat, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Boise VA Med Ctr, Boise, ID USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. Portland VA Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. Oregon Hlth & Sci Univ, Sch Med, Portland, OR USA. Infect Dis Soc Amer, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. RP Moore, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop D-63, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgeer, allison /H-7747-2014 OI mcgeer, allison /0000-0001-5647-6137 NR 60 TC 65 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 35 IS 8 BP 950 EP 959 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 598YC UT WOS:000178303800006 ER PT J AU Burstein, GR Berman, SM Blumer, JL Moran, JS AF Burstein, GR Berman, SM Blumer, JL Moran, JS TI Ciprofloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea infection in adolescents: Does the benefit outweigh the risk? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PEDIATRIC CYSTIC-FIBROSIS; ORAL CIPROFLOXACIN; PRELIMINARY EXPERIENCE; INDUCED ARTHROPATHY; SKELETAL TOXICITY; COMPASSIONATE USE; TYPHOID-FEVER; CHILDREN; SAFETY; FLUOROQUINOLONES AB The highest rates of reported gonorrhea infections occur among adolescent females aged 15-19 years. Among the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended single-dose gonorrhea treatment regimens, ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is approximately half the cost of other CDC-recommended oral treatment regimens. Fluoroquinolone use in patients aged <18 years has been limited because of irreversible articular cartilage damage demonstrated in large, weight-bearing joints of young animals. We reviewed the medical literature to assess whether the risks of a single 500-mg dose of ciprofloxacin to treat uncomplicated gonorrhea infection in adolescents appears to outweigh the benefits. We found no reports of irreversible cartilage toxicity or age-associated adverse events in 5236 human children and adolescents (aged 5 days-24 years) treated with a total of 5486 courses of fluoroquinolones. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Burstein, GR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV & AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 57 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 35 SU 2 BP S191 EP S199 DI 10.1086/342107 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 598YE UT WOS:000178304100008 PM 12353206 ER PT J AU Koumans, EH Markowitz, LE Hogan, V AF Koumans, EH Markowitz, LE Hogan, V CA CDC BV Working Grp TI Indications for therapy and treatment recommendations for bacterial vaginosis in nonpregnant and pregnant women: A synthesis of data SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adverse Sequelae of Bacterial Vaginosis CY MAR, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA ID CLINDAMYCIN VAGINAL CREAM; PLASMA-CELL ENDOMETRITIS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; 0.75-PERCENT METRONIDAZOLE GEL; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; NON-SPECIFIC VAGINITIS; PRETERM DELIVERY; ORAL METRONIDAZOLE AB Accumulating evidence has associated bacterial vaginosis (BV) with serious medical complications such as premature delivery. The present article synthesizes available data on the treatment of nonpregnant and pregnant women with BV to prevent preterm delivery. A literature search identified articles published since 1976 that evaluated treatment of BV. An intention-to-treat sensitivity analysis was performed, to better compare studies. Studies that evaluated therapy efficacy varied with regard to diagnostic criteria, patient characteristics, clinicians, and laboratories. Therapies varied in efficacy for cure 4 or more weeks after therapy, from 48% to 85%. Intervention studies to reduce BV-related adverse outcomes of pregnancy differed in populations studied, medication used, type of therapy (oral or intravaginal), and timing of treatment. The benefit of treating women at high risk with oral metronidazole has been shown in several studies; however, the effect of treating women without a history of premature delivery is unclear. The use of intravaginal clindamycin therapy, especially during the latter half of the second trimester and thereafter, appears to increase infections during the neonatal period. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 135 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 35 SU 2 BP S152 EP S172 DI 10.1086/342103 PG 21 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 598YE UT WOS:000178304100004 PM 12353202 ER PT J AU Workowski, KA Berman, SM AF Workowski, KA Berman, SM TI CDC sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; METRONIDAZOLE; WOMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Workowski, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 35 SU 2 BP S135 EP S137 DI 10.1086/342100 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 598YE UT WOS:000178304100001 PM 12353199 ER PT J AU Earley, MC Vogt, RF Shapiro, HM Mandy, FF Kellar, KL Bellisario, R Pass, KA Marti, GE Stewart, CC Hannon, WH AF Earley, MC Vogt, RF Shapiro, HM Mandy, FF Kellar, KL Bellisario, R Pass, KA Marti, GE Stewart, CC Hannon, WH TI Report from a workshop on multianalyte microsphere assays SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE luminex; microbeads; suspension array assays ID IMMUNOASSAY AB Multiplexed assays using fluorescent microspheres is an exciting technique that has been gaining popularity among researchers, particularly those in the public health field. Part of its popularity is due to its flexibility, as both immunoassays and oligonucleotide hybridization assays can be developed on this platform. This report summarizes a workshop held by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that discussed issues surrounding these assays and the Luminex 100 xMAP instrument. Topics included instrumentation, assay design, sample matrix and volume, quality control, and development of commercial applications. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Clin Biochem Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Cytometry Lab, W Newton, MS USA. Hlth Canada, Natl Lab HIV Immunol, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr, Div Genet Disorders, Albany, NY USA. US FDA, Div Cell & Gene Therapy, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. Roswell Pk Canc Inst, Div Pathol & Lab Med, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA. RP Earley, MC (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Clin Biochem Branch, MS F-19,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 58 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 BP 239 EP 242 DI 10.1002/cyto.10140 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 603KR UT WOS:000178559000001 PM 12360572 ER PT J AU Stankovic, AK Otero, S Handsfield, JH Farhi, DC Miller, WM AF Stankovic, AK Otero, S Handsfield, JH Farhi, DC Miller, WM TI Variability of absolute CD4 and CD8 counts: Effect of gating strategy and staining protocol SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Quest Diagnost Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 50 IS 5 MA 6 BP 279 EP 279 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 603KR UT WOS:000178559000013 ER PT J AU Peach, D McMahon, BJ Bulkow, L Funk, E Harpaz, R Margolis, HS AF Peach, D McMahon, BJ Bulkow, L Funk, E Harpaz, R Margolis, HS TI Impact of recurrent epidemics of hepatitis A virus infection on population immunity levels: Bristol Bay, Alaska SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Western Student Medical Research Forum CY FEB 09-12, 2000 CL CARMEL, CALIFORNIA ID A VIRUS; PREVALENCE; CHILDREN; ANTIBODY; VACCINATION; OUTBREAK; NATIVES; PROGRAM AB The dynamics of population-based immunity were examined by using serologic surveys of 7 villages in rural Alaska between 2 epidemics of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and after the second epidemic (1988-1990). Among persons aged 2-30 years, the overall age-adjusted prevalence of antibody to HAV (anti-HAV) was 51% in 1983 and 49% in 1993 (P = .507). In children aged <5 years, prevalence rates were 0% and 11% in 1983 and 1993, respectively. The prevalence of HAV infection increased with age in both surveys. When examined by 5-year birth cohorts, anti-HAV prevalence increased in children born between 1979 and 1983 (P = .001). Between the 2 survey periods, 43 clinical cases of HAV infection were reported in these villages; all occurred from 1988 to 1990. Despite high overall prevalence of immunity, transmission during epidemics was facilitated by children aged <15 years susceptible to HAV. Little transmission occurred between epidemics. Vaccination of children against HAV should prevent future epidemics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Viral Hepatitis Program, Anchorage, AK USA. State Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Anchorage, AK USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McMahon, BJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2002 VL 186 IS 8 BP 1081 EP 1085 DI 10.1086/343815 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 598YK UT WOS:000178304800004 PM 12355357 ER PT J AU Chesson, HW Greenberg, JB Hennessy, M AF Chesson, HW Greenberg, JB Hennessy, M TI The cost-effectiveness of the WINGS intervention: a program to prevent HIV and sexually transmitted diseases among high-risk urban women SO BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CLINICS; REDUCTION; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; EFFICACY; CONDOMS AB Background: We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the WINGS project, an intervention to prevent HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases among urban women at high risk for sexual acquisition of HIV. Methods: We used standard methods of cost-effectiveness analysis. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the intervention's cost and we used a simplified model of HIV transmission to estimate the number of HIV infections averted by the intervention. We calculated cost-effectiveness ratios for the complete intervention and for the condom use skills component of the intervention. Results: Under base case assumptions, the intervention prevented an estimated 0.2195 new cases of HIV at a cost of $215,690 per case of HIV averted. When indirect costs of HIV were excluded from the analysis, the intervention's cost-effectiveness ratios were $357,690 per case of HIV averted and $31,851 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) saved. Under base case assumptions, the condom use skills component of the intervention prevented an estimated 0.1756 HIV infections and was cost-saving. When indirect HIV costs were excluded, the cost-effectiveness ratios for the condom use skills component of the intervention were $97,404 per case of HIV averted and $8,674 per QALY saved. Conclusions: The WINGS intervention, particularly the two sessions of the intervention which focussed on condom use skills, could be cost-effective in preventing HIV among women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Penn, Annenberg Sch Commun, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Chesson, HW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2334 J9 BMC INFECT DIS JI BMC Infect. Dis. PD OCT 11 PY 2002 VL 2 AR 24 DI 10.1186/1471-2334-2-24 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 615KH UT WOS:000179244000001 PM 12377102 ER PT J AU Ellenberger, DL Li, B Lupo, LD Owen, SM Nkengasong, J Kadio-Morokro, MS Smith, J Robinson, H Ackers, M Greenberg, A Folks, T Butera, S AF Ellenberger, DL Li, B Lupo, LD Owen, SM Nkengasong, J Kadio-Morokro, MS Smith, J Robinson, H Ackers, M Greenberg, A Folks, T Butera, S TI Generation of a consensus sequence from prevalent and incident HIV-1 infections in West Africa to guide AIDS vaccine development SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Annual International Conference on HIV and Immunotherapies CY JUN 28-JUL 01, 2000 CL PALM BEACH, FLORIDA DE HIV-1 vaccine design; Cote d'Ivoire; consensus sequence; CRF02-AG; virologic compartments ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INJECTING DRUG-USERS; CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; TYPE-1 SUBTYPE-A; RECOMBINANT STRAIN; DUAL INFECTIONS; THAILAND; LENGTH; IDENTIFICATION; PREDOMINANCE AB We considered several key issues regarding the development of a DNA-based human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine: (1) should the candidate vaccine construct be derived from incident or prevalent HIV-1 strains; and (2) should circulating plasma virus, archived HIV-1 provirus recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, or both be included? To address these questions, we collected circulating HIV-1 strains from infected individuals residing in Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire. From a panel of 23 strains, 22 were HIV-1 subtype A in gag, 19 of which phylogenetically clustered with the recombinant HIV-1, CRF02-AG strains from West Africa. The mosaic genome of CRF02-AG was confirmed by sequencing the protease gene. A consensus gag p24 protein sequence was generated and 147 of 148 codons were identical to CRF02-AG (lbNG). Regardless of the sequence origin (RNA, provirus, incident, or prevalent), the gag p24 consensus sequences were highly representative of these distinct virologic compartments. These data suggest that the consensus sequence generated from incident and prevalent infections may provide an appropriate sequence for a DNA vaccine and is largely representative of the major circulating viral strain. C1 CDCP, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Immunol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Project RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent,Publ Hlth Serv,US D, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ellenberger, DL (reprint author), CDCP, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHHS, Mail Stop G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD OCT 10 PY 2002 VL 302 IS 1 BP 155 EP 163 DI 10.1006/viro.2002.1577 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 605NE UT WOS:000178683300014 PM 12429524 ER PT J AU Orengo, JC Garcia, Y Rodriguez, A Rullan, J Roper, MH Srivastava, P Murphy, TV Alvarado-Ramy, F AF Orengo, JC Garcia, Y Rodriguez, A Rullan, J Roper, MH Srivastava, P Murphy, TV Alvarado-Ramy, F CA CDC TI Tetanus - Puerto Rico, 2002 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 613-615, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Orengo, JC (reprint author), Puerto Rico Dept Hlth, San Juan, PR USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 9 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 14 BP 1710 EP 1711 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 602BJ UT WOS:000178484700012 ER PT J AU Cheek, JE Young, P Branch, L Dupnik, KM Kelly, ST Sharp, JM Toney, DM Bresee, JS Monroe, SS Beard, RS Bulens, S Lernan, R AF Cheek, JE Young, P Branch, L Dupnik, KM Kelly, ST Sharp, JM Toney, DM Bresee, JS Monroe, SS Beard, RS Bulens, S Lernan, R CA CDC TI Norwalk-like virus-associated gastroenteritis in a large, high-density encampment - Virginia, July 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 661-663, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAKS; INFECTION C1 Indian Hlth Serv, Calif Area, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Virginia State Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. CDC, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Cheek, JE (reprint author), Indian Hlth Serv, Calif Area, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 9 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 14 BP 1711 EP 1713 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 602BJ UT WOS:000178484700013 ER PT J AU Barker, L Luman, E Zhao, Z Smith, P Linkins, R Santoli, J Rodewald, L McCauley, M AF Barker, L Luman, E Zhao, Z Smith, P Linkins, R Santoli, J Rodewald, L McCauley, M CA CDC TI National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 51, pg 664-666, 2002) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barker, L (reprint author), CDC, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 9 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 14 BP 1713 EP 1714 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 602BJ UT WOS:000178484700014 ER PT J AU Flegal, KM Carroll, MD Ogden, CL Johnson, CL AF Flegal, KM Carroll, MD Ogden, CL Johnson, CL TI Prevalence and trends in obesity among US adults, 1999-2000 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; NATIONAL-HEALTH; UNITED-STATES; LIFE-STYLE; DIABETES-MELLITUS; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PREVENTION; POPULATION; OVERWEIGHT AB Context The prevalence of obesity and overweight increased in the United States between 1978 and 1991. More recent reports have suggested continued increases but are based on self-reported data. Objective To examine trends and prevalences of overweight (body mass index [BMI] greater than or equal to25) and obesity (BMI; greater than or equal to30), using measured height and weight data. Design, Setting, and Participants Survey of 4115 adult men and women conducted in 1999 and 2000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative sample of the US population. Main Outcome Measure Age-adjusted prevalence of overweight,, obesity, and extreme obesity compared with prior surveys, and sex-, age-, and race/ethnicity-specific estimates. Results The age-adjusted prevalence of obesity was 30.5% in 1999-2000 compared with 22.9% in NHANES III (1988-1994; P<.001). The prevalence of overweight also increased during this period from 55.9% to 64.5% (P<.001). Extreme obesity (BMI; greater than or equal to40) also increased significantly in the population, from 2.9% to 4.7% (P=.002). Although not all changes were statistically significant,, increases occurred for both men and women in all age groups and for non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, And Mexican Americans. Racial/ethnic groups did not differ significantly in the prevalence of obesity or overweight for men. Among women, obesity and overweight prevalences were highest among non-Hispanic black women. More than half of non-Hispanic black women aged 40 years or older were obese and more than 80% were overweight. Conclusions The increases in the prevalences of obesity and overweight previously observed continued in 1999-2000. The potential health benefits from reduction in overweight and obesity are of considerable public health importance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Flegal, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. EM kmf2@cdc.gov RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 31 TC 4058 Z9 4137 U1 16 U2 173 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60654-0946 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 9 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 14 BP 1723 EP 1727 DI 10.1001/jama.288.14.1723 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 602BJ UT WOS:000178484700024 PM 12365955 ER PT J AU Ogden, CL Flegal, KM Carroll, MD Johnson, CL AF Ogden, CL Flegal, KM Carroll, MD Johnson, CL TI Prevalence and trends in overweight among US children and adolescents, 1999-2000 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; OBESITY; EPIDEMIC; YOUTH AB Context The prevalence of overweight among children in the United States increased between 1976-1980 and 1988-1994, but estimates for the current decade are unknown. Objective To determine the prevalence of overweight in US children using the most recent national data with measured weights and heights and to examine trends in overweight prevalence. Design, Setting, and Participants Survey of 4722 children from birth through 19 years of age with weight and height measurements obtained in 1995-2000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a cross-sectional, stratified, multistage probability sample of the US population. Main Outcome Measure Prevalence of overweight among US children by sex, age group, and race/ethnicity. Overweight among those aged 2 through 19 years was defined as at or above the 95th percentile of the sex-specific body mass index (BMI) for age growth charts. Results The prevalence of overweight was 15.5% among 12- through 19-year-olds, 15.3% among 6- through 11-year-olds, and 10.4% among 2-through 5-year-olds, compared with 10.5%, 11.3%, and 7.2%, respectively, in 1988-1994 (NHANES 111). The prevalence of overweight among non-Hispanic black and Mexican-American adolescents increased more than 10 percentage points between 1988-1994 and 1999-2000. Conclusion The prevalence of overweight among children in the United States is continuing to increase, especially among Mexican-American and non-Hispanic black adolescents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Ogden, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013 OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X; NR 30 TC 4130 Z9 4199 U1 14 U2 145 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 9 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 14 BP 1728 EP 1732 DI 10.1001/jama.288.14.1728 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 602BJ UT WOS:000178484700025 PM 12365956 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Khan, LK Serdula, MK Galuska, DA Dietz, WH AF Freedman, DS Khan, LK Serdula, MK Galuska, DA Dietz, WH TI Trends and correlates of class 3 obesity in the United States from 1990 through 2000 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; SELF-REPORTED HEIGHT; SOCIOECONOMIC-STATUS; RELATIVE WEIGHT; US ADULTS; OVERWEIGHT; MORTALITY; HEALTH; ADIPOSITY; POPULATION AB Context Although the prevalence of obesity has markedly increased among US adults, health risks vary according to the severity of obesity. Persons with class 3 obesity (body mass index [BMI] greater than or equal to 40) are at greatest risk, but there is little information about this subgroup. Objective To examine correlates of class 3 obesity and secular trends. Design, Setting, and Participants Adults (aged greater than or equal to 18 years) in the United States who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System telephone survey between 1990 (75600 persons) and 2000 (164250 persons). Main Outcome Measure Body mass index calculated from self-reported weight and height. Results The prevalence of class 3 obesity increased from 0.78% (1990) to 2.2% (2000). In 2000, class 3 obesity was highest among black women (6.0%), persons who had not completed high school (3.4%), and persons who are short. During the 11-year period, the median BMI level increased by 1.2 units and the 95th percentile increased by 3.2 units. Conclusion The prevalence of class 3 obesity is increasing rapidly among adults. Because these extreme BMI levels are associated with the most severe. health complications, the incidence of various diseases will increase substantially in the future. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 293 Z9 293 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 9 PY 2002 VL 288 IS 14 BP 1758 EP 1761 DI 10.1001/jama.288.14.1758 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 602BJ UT WOS:000178484700029 PM 12365960 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Needham, LL AF Barr, DB Needham, LL TI Analytical methods for biological monitoring of exposure to pesticides: a review SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Review DE reviews; biological monitoring; pesticides ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; 2,4-DICHLOROPHENOXYACETIC ACID 2,4-D; ION CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; DIALKYL PHOSPHATE METABOLITES; ELECTRON-CAPTURE DETECTION; HUMAN URINARY METABOLITE; EXTERNAL QUALITY-CONTROL AB Synthetic pesticides have been used since in the early to mid twentieth century. In the US alone, over 800 pesticide active ingredients are formulated in about 21000 different commercial products. Although many public health benefits have been realized by the use of pesticides, their potential impact on the environment and public health is substantial. For risk assessment studies, exposure assessment is an integral component, which has unfortunately, often been weak or missing. In the past several decades, researchers have proposed to fill these missing data gaps using biological monitoring of specific markers related to exposures. In this paper, we present a review of existing analytical methodology for the biological monitoring of exposure to pesticides. We also present a critical assessment of the existing methodology and explore areas in which more research is needed. (C) 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 NR 225 TC 125 Z9 132 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD OCT 5 PY 2002 VL 778 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 29 AR PII S1570-0232(02)00035-1 DI 10.1016/S1570-0232(02)00035-1 PG 25 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 609ZP UT WOS:000178936500002 PM 12376114 ER PT J AU Barr, DB Barr, JR Maggio, VL Whitehead, RD Sadowski, MA Whyatt, RM Needham, LL AF Barr, DB Barr, JR Maggio, VL Whitehead, RD Sadowski, MA Whyatt, RM Needham, LL TI A multi-analyte method for the quantification of contemporary pesticides in human serum and plasma using high-resolution mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE pesticides ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES; CARBAMATE PESTICIDES; RAPID ISOLATION; PARAQUAT; URINE; HPLC AB We have developed a sensitive and accurate analytical method for quantifying 29 contemporary pesticides in human serum or plasma. These pesticides include organophosphates, carbamates, chloroacetanilides, and synthetic pyrethroids among others and include pesticides used in agricultural and residential settings. Our method employs a simple solid-phase extraction followed by a highly selective analysis using isotope dilution gas chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Our method is very accurate, has limits of detection in the low pg/g range and coefficients of variation of typically less than 20% at the low pg/g end of the method linear range. We have used this method to measure plasma pesticide concentrations in females living in an urban area. We found detectable concentrations of carbaryl/naphthalene, propoxur, bendiocarb, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, dicloran, captan and folpet or their metabolites in more than 20% of the plasma samples tested. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia Ctr Childrens Environm Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Barr, DB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES0960] NR 32 TC 104 Z9 106 U1 6 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD OCT 5 PY 2002 VL 778 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 111 AR PII S0378-4347(01)00444-3 DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00444-3 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 609ZP UT WOS:000178936500006 PM 12376118 ER PT J AU Smith, CJ Walcott, CJ Huang, WL Maggio, V Grainger, J Patterson, DG AF Smith, CJ Walcott, CJ Huang, WL Maggio, V Grainger, J Patterson, DG TI Determination of selected monohydroxy metabolites of 2-, 3- and 4-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine by solid-phase microextraction and isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY B-ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BIOMEDICAL AND LIFE SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ID EXPOSED WORKERS; DIESEL EXHAUST; PAH EXPOSURE; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE; FLUORESCENCE; ELIMINATION; BIOMARKER; PROFILE AB Eighteen monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites (OH-PAHs) representing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) containing up to four rings in human urine have been measured. The method includes the addition of carbon-13 labeled internal standards, enzymatic hydrolysis, and solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry. By using response factors calculated with the carbon-13 labeled standards, results are presented for calibration, relative standard deviations and analyte levels from an unspiked human urine pool. The method detection limits ranged from 0.78 ng/l for hydroxyphenanthrenes to 15.8 ng/l for 1-hydroxynaphthalene, and the recoveries ranged between 6% for hydroxychrysene and 47% for 1-hydroxypyrene. The relative standard deviation was lowest for 3-hydroxyphenanthrene at 2.4% and went up to 18.7% for 6-hydroxychrysene. The method was calibrated from 10 to 1200 ng/l. Eleven of the 18 metabolites were found in background pooled urine samples. This validated method is a convenient and reliable tool for determining urinary OH-PAHs as biomarkers of exposure to eight PAHs. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Toxicol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Smith, CJ (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Toxicol Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 70 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-0232 J9 J CHROMATOGR B JI J. Chromatogr. B PD OCT 5 PY 2002 VL 778 IS 1-2 BP 157 EP 164 AR PII S0378-4347(01)00456-X DI 10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00456-X PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 609ZP UT WOS:000178936500011 PM 12376123 ER PT J AU Krug, EG Mercy, JA Dahlberg, LL Zwi, AB AF Krug, EG Mercy, JA Dahlberg, LL Zwi, AB TI The world report on violence and health SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE; ELDER ABUSE; COMMUNITY; PREVALENCE AB In 1996, the World Health Assembly declared violence a major public health issue. To follow up on this resolution, on Oct 3 this year, WHO released the first World Report on Violence and Health. The report analyses different types of violence including child abuse and neglect, youth violence, intimate partner violence, sexual violence, elder abuse, self-directed violence, and collective violence. For all these types of violence, the report explores the magnitude of the health and social effects, the risk and protective factors, and the types of prevention efforts that have been initiated. The launch of the report will be followed by a 1-year Global Campaign on Violence Prevention, focusing on implementation of the recommendations. This article summarises some of the main points of the world report. C1 WHO, Injuries & Violence Prevent Dept, Non Communicable Dis & Mental Hlth, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ New S Wales, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Krug, EG (reprint author), WHO, Injuries & Violence Prevent Dept, Non Communicable Dis & Mental Hlth, Av Appia 20, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. NR 38 TC 466 Z9 494 U1 5 U2 69 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 5 PY 2002 VL 360 IS 9339 BP 1083 EP 1088 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11133-0 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 602BN UT WOS:000178485200028 PM 12384003 ER PT J AU Alphey, L Beard, CB Billingsley, P Coetzee, M Crisanti, A Curtis, C Eggleston, P Godfray, C Hemingway, J Jacobs-Lorena, M James, AA Kafatos, FC Mukwaya, LG Paton, M Powell, JR Schneider, W Scott, TW Sina, B Sinden, R Sinkins, S Spielman, A Toure, Y Collins, FH AF Alphey, L Beard, CB Billingsley, P Coetzee, M Crisanti, A Curtis, C Eggleston, P Godfray, C Hemingway, J Jacobs-Lorena, M James, AA Kafatos, FC Mukwaya, LG Paton, M Powell, JR Schneider, W Scott, TW Sina, B Sinden, R Sinkins, S Spielman, A Toure, Y Collins, FH TI Malaria control with genetically manipulated insect vectors SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; AEDES-AEGYPTI; TRANSFORMATION C1 Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB9 1FX, Scotland. S African Inst Med Res, ZA-2000 Johannesburg, South Africa. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, London, England. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. European Mol Biol Lab, Heidelberg, Germany. Uganda Virus Res Inst, Entebbe, Uganda. Hlth & Safety Execut, HSC, Sheffield S3 7HQ, S Yorkshire, England. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NIH, Fogarty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. WHO, Special Programme Res & Training Trop Dis, Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Alphey, L (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, England. NR 15 TC 161 Z9 166 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD OCT 4 PY 2002 VL 298 IS 5591 BP 119 EP 121 DI 10.1126/science.1078278 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 600BJ UT WOS:000178370500043 PM 12364786 ER PT J AU Colfax, GN Lehman, JS Bindman, AB Vittinghoff, E Vranizan, K Fleming, PL Chesney, M Osmond, D Hecht, FM AF Colfax, GN Lehman, JS Bindman, AB Vittinghoff, E Vranizan, K Fleming, PL Chesney, M Osmond, D Hecht, FM CA MESH Study Grp TI What happened to home HIV test collection kits? Intent to use kits, actual use, and barriers to use among persons at risk for HIV infection SO AIDS CARE-PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIO-MEDICAL ASPECTS OF AIDS/HIV LA English DT Article ID SAMPLE COLLECTION AB Through sequential cross-sectional surveys, we examined intent to use home HIV test collection kits, actual use and barriers to use among persons at high risk for HIV infection. Interest in kits was assessed in the 1995-96 HIV Testing Survey (HITS, n=1683). Kit use, knowledge of kits and barriers to use were assessed in the 1998-99 HITS (n=1788), after kits had become widely available. When asked to choose among future testing options, 19% of 1995-96 participants intended to use kits. Untested participants were more likely than previously tested HIV-negative participants to choose kits for their next HIV test (p<0.001). Among 1998-99 participants, only 24 (1%) had used kits; 46% had never heard of kits. Predictors of not knowing about kits included never having been HIV tested and black or Latino race. Common reasons for not using kits among participants aware of home test kits were concerns about accuracy, lack of in-person counselling and cost. Despite high rates of anticipated use, kits have had minimal impact on the testing behaviour of persons at high risk for HIV infection. Increasing awareness of kits, reducing price and addressing concerns about kit testing procedures may increase kit use, leading to more HIV testing by at-risk individuals. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV Res Branch, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. San Francisco Gen Hosp, Primary Care Res Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94110 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Colfax, GN (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, AIDS Off, Res Branch, 25 Van Ness Ave,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. FU PHS HHS [282-92 0048] NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0954-0121 J9 AIDS CARE JI Aids Care-Psychol. Socio-Med. Asp. Aids/Hiv PD OCT PY 2002 VL 14 IS 5 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1080/0954012021000005533 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Respiratory System; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Respiratory System; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 601UP UT WOS:000178466900010 PM 12419117 ER PT J AU Kostis, JB Wilson, AC Hooper, WC Harrison, KW Philipp, CS Appel, LJ Espeland, MA Folmar, S Johnson, KC AF Kostis, JB Wilson, AC Hooper, WC Harrison, KW Philipp, CS Appel, LJ Espeland, MA Folmar, S Johnson, KC CA TONE Cooperative Res Grp TI Association of angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype with blood pressure sensitivity to weight loss SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ESSENTIAL-HYPERTENSION; DELETION POLYMORPHISM; GENE POLYMORPHISM; SALT SENSITIVITY; SODIUM REDUCTION; POPULATION; WITHDRAWAL; HEALTH; RISK AB Background Weight loss and sodium reduction are useful nonpharmacologic interventions in the management of hypertension. Salt sensitivity-the degree of blood pressure change in response to a change in sodium load-has been extensively explored. However, the determinants of the extent of blood pressure change after weight reduction have not been evaluated. Methods We studied the relationship of the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion-deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism to blood pressure change after weight loss in the Trial Of Nonpharmacologic interventions in the Elderly (TONE). We focused on the 86 overweight White hypertensive TONE participants who were randomized to weight loss only. Results A similar weight reduction was observed across all ACE genotypes, whereas a,significantly greater decrease. in blood pressure after weight loss was seen among participants with the DD genotype. In addition, DD participants had a higher probability of remaining normotensive for the duration of the trial. Conclusions The DD genotype may be associated with higher "weight sensitivity" in overweight white hypertensive persons, potentially through reduced activity of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic systems after weight, loss. C1 UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Inst Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ Tennessee, Memphis, TN USA. RP Kostis, JB (reprint author), UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Pl,POB 19, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. NR 19 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 144 IS 4 BP 625 EP 629 DI 10.1067/mhj.2002.123570 PG 5 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 600GU UT WOS:000178382900010 PM 12360157 ER PT J AU Ford, ES Gillespie, C Ballew, C Sowell, A Mannino, DM AF Ford, ES Gillespie, C Ballew, C Sowell, A Mannino, DM TI Serum carotenoid concentrations in US children and adolescents SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE antioxidants; beta-carotene; carotene; carotenoids; children; adolescents; C-reactive protein; ethnic groups; health surveys; sex distribution; third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey ID FOOD-FREQUENCY QUESTIONNAIRE; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; ACUTE-PHASE RESPONSE; LIFE-STYLE FACTORS; GREEN-YELLOW VEGETABLES; PLASMA BETA-CAROTENE; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; CELL LUNG-CANCER; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; VITAMIN-A AB Background: Carotenoids, a class of phytochemicals, may affect the risk of several chronic conditions. Objective: Our objective was to describe the distributions and correlates of serum carotenoid concentrations in US children and adolescents. Design: Using data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994), a cross-sectional study, we examined the distributions of serum concentrations of alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, lutein and zeaxanthin, and lycopene among 4231 persons aged 6-16 y. Results: After adjustment for age, sex, race or ethnicity, poverty-income ratio, body mass index status, HDL- and non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations, C-reactive protein concentration, and cotinine concentration, only HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001) and non-HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.001) concentrations were directly related to all carotenoid concentrations. Age (P < 0.001) and body mass index status (P < 0.001) were inversely related to all carotenoid concentrations except those of lycopene. Young males had slightly higher carotenoid concentrations than did young females, but the differences were significant only for lycopene concentrations (P = 0.029). African American children and adolescents had significantly higher beta-cryptoxanthin (P < 0.001), lutein and zeaxanthin (P < 0.001), and lycopene (P = 0.006) concentrations but lower a-carotene (P < 0.001) concentrations than did white children and adolescents. Mexican American children and adolescents had higher a-carotene (P < 0.001), beta-cryptoxanthin (P < 0.001), and lutein and zeaxanthin (P < 0.001) concentrations but lower lycopene (P = 0.001) concentrations than did white children and adolescents. C-reactive protein concentrations were inversely related to beta-carotene (P < 0.001), lutein and zeaxanthin (P < 0.001), and lycopene (P = 0.023) concentrations. Cotinine concentrations were inversely related to alpha-carotene (P = 0.002), beta-carotene (P < 0.001), and beta-cryptoxanthin (P < 0.001) concentrations. Conclusion: These data show significant variations in serum carotenoid concentrations among US children and adolescents and may be valuable as reference ranges for this population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Labs, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ford, ES (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 85 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD OCT PY 2002 VL 76 IS 4 BP 818 EP 827 PG 10 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 595GV UT WOS:000178101000018 PM 12324296 ER EF