FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Nsubuga, P Eseko, N Wuhib, T Ndayimirije, N Chungong, S McNabb, S AF Nsubuga, P Eseko, N Wuhib, T Ndayimirije, N Chungong, S McNabb, S TI Structure and performance of infectious disease surveillance and response, United Republic of Tanzania, 1998 SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE communicable diseases/epidemiology/prevention and control; epidemiologic surveillance; information systems; information management; evaluation studies; United Republic of Tanzania AB Objective To assess the structure and performance of and support for five infectious disease surveillance systems in the United Republic of Tanzania: Health Management Information System (HMIS); Infectious Disease Week Ending; Tuberculosis/Leprosy; Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; and Acute Flaccid Paralysis/Poliomyelitis. Methods The systems were assessed by analysing the core activities of surveillance and response and support functions (provision of training, supervision, and resources). Data were collected using questionnaires that involved both interviews and observations at regional, district, and health facility levels in three of the 20 regions in the United Republic of Tanzania, Findings An HMIS was found at 26 of 32 health facilities (81%) surveyed and at all 14 regional and district medical offices. The four other surveillance systems were found at <20% of health facilities and <75% of medical offices, Standardized case definitions were used for only 3 of 2 1 infectious diseases. Nineteen (73%) health facilities with HMIS had adequate supplies of forms; 9 (35%) reported on time; and 11 (42%) received supervision or feedback, Four (29%) medical offices with HMIS had population denominators to use for data analyses; 12 (86%) were involved in outbreak investigations; and 11 (79%) had conducted community prevention activities. Conclusion While HMIS could serve as the backbone for IDSR in the United Republic of Tanzania, this will require supervision, standardized case definitions, and improvements in the quality of reporting, analysis, and feedback. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. World Hlth Org, Reg Off Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe. WHO, Dept Communicable Dis Surveillance & Response, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Nsubuga, P (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-72, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 3 BP 196 EP 203 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 536EJ UT WOS:000174687500004 PM 11984605 ER PT J AU Kohler, KA Banerjee, K Hlady, WG Andrus, JK Sutter, RW AF Kohler, KA Banerjee, K Hlady, WG Andrus, JK Sutter, RW TI Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis in India during 1999: decreased risk despite massive use of oral polio vaccine SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE poliovirus vaccine; oral/adverse effects/administration and dosage; poliomyelitis/chemically induced/epidemiology; paralysis/epidemiology; poliovirus/isolation and purification; risk assessment; India ID UNITED-STATES; DISEASE AB Objective Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is a rare but serious consequence of the administration of oral polio vaccine (OPV). Intensified OPV administration has reduced wild poliovirus transmission in India but VAPP is becoming a matter of concern. Methods We analysed acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance data in order to estimate the VAPP risk in this country, VAPP was defined as occurring in AFP cases with onset of paralysis in 1999, residual weakness 60 days after onset, and isolation of vaccine-related poliovirus. Recipient VAPP cases were a subset with onset of paralysis between 4 and 40 days after receipt of OPV, Findings A total of 181 AFP cases met the case definition. The following estimates of VAPP risk were made: overall risk, 1 case per 4.1 to 4.6 million OPV doses administered; recipient risk,1 case per 12.2 million; first-dose recipient risk, 1case per 2,8 million; and subsequent-dose recipient risk, I case per 13.9 million. Conclusion On the basis of data from a highly sensitive surveillance system the estimated VAPP risk in India is evidently lower than that in other countries, notwithstanding the administration of multiple OPV doses to children in mass immunization campaigns. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio Eradicat Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. World Hlth Org, Reg Off SE Asia, Natl Polio Surveillance Project, New Delhi, India. RP Kohler, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio Eradicat Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 5 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 3 BP 210 EP 216 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 536EJ UT WOS:000174687500006 PM 11984607 ER PT J AU Williams, HA Jones, C Alilio, M Zimicki, S Azevedo, I Nyamongo, I Sommerfeld, J Meek, S Diop, S Bloland, PB Greenwood, B AF Williams, HA Jones, C Alilio, M Zimicki, S Azevedo, I Nyamongo, I Sommerfeld, J Meek, S Diop, S Bloland, PB Greenwood, B TI The contribution of social science research to malaria prevention and control SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, DFID Malaria Programme, London WC1E 7HT, England. NIH, Multilateral Initiat Malaria, Fogerty Int Ctr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Acad Educ Dev, CHANGE Project, Washington, DC USA. WHO, Bank WHO Special Programme Res Training Trop Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Univ Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya. Malaria Consortium, London, England. Malaria Consortium, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. RP Williams, HA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 3 BP 251 EP 252 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 536EJ UT WOS:000174687500012 PM 11984613 ER PT J AU Dowdle, WR Gary, HE Sanders, R van Loon, AM AF Dowdle, WR Gary, HE Sanders, R van Loon, AM TI Can post-eradication laboratory containment of wild polioviruses be achieved? SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE polioviruses; poliomyelitis/transmission; containment of biohazards; laboratory infection; recurrence/prevention and control; disease susceptibility; occupational exposure ID POLIO VACCINES; NETHERLANDS; INFECTIONS AB The purpose of containment is to prevent reintroduction of wild polioviruses from laboratories into polio-free communities. In order to achieve global commitment to laboratory containment the rationale should be clear and compelling; the biosafety levels should be justified by the risks; and the objectives should be realistic. Absolute containment can never be assured. Questions of intentional or unintentional non-compliance can never be wholly eliminated. Effective laboratory containment is, however, a realistic goal. Prevention of virus transmission through contaminated laboratory materials is addressed by WHO standards for biosafety. The principal challenge is to prevent transmission through unrecognized infectious laboratory workers. Such transmission is possible only if the following conditions occur: infectious and potentially infectious materials carrying wild poliovirus are present in the laboratory concerned; a laboratory operation exposes a worker to poliovirus; a worker is susceptible to an infection that results in the shedding of poliovirus; and the community is susceptible to poliovirus infections. At present it is difficult to envisage the elimination of any of these conditions. However, the risks of the first three can be greatly reduced so as to create a formidable barrier against poliovirus transmission to the community. Final biosafety recommendations must await post-eradication immunization policies adopted by the international community. C1 Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Med Ctr, Eijkman Winkler Inst, Dept Virol, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Dowdle, WR (reprint author), Task Force Child Survival & Dev, 750 Commerce Dr,Suite 400, Decatur, GA 30030 USA. NR 47 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 4 BP 311 EP 316 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 545MZ UT WOS:000175222700009 PM 12075368 ER PT J AU Leake, JAD Kone, ML Yada, AA Barry, LF Traore, G Ware, A Coulibaly, T Berthe, A Disu, HMM Rosenstein, NE Plikaytis, BD Esteves, K Kawamata, J Wenger, JD Heymann, DL Perkins, BA AF Leake, JAD Kone, ML Yada, AA Barry, LF Traore, G Ware, A Coulibaly, T Berthe, A Disu, HMM Rosenstein, NE Plikaytis, BD Esteves, K Kawamata, J Wenger, JD Heymann, DL Perkins, BA TI Early detection and response to meningococcal disease epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa: appraisal of the WHO strategy SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE meningitis, meningococcal/epidemiology; disease outbreaks/prevention and control meningococcal vaccines/therapeutic use; immunization programs; sensitivity and specificity; predictive value of tests; Africa South of the Sahara ID PROTEIN CONJUGATE VACCINE; INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; WEST-AFRICA; GAMBIAN CHILDREN; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; ET-37 COMPLEX; IMMUNIZATION; CARRIAGE; NIGER AB Objective To assess the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value positive of the WHO threshold strategy for detecting meningococcal disease epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa and to estimate the impact of the strategy on an epidemic at district level. Methods Data on meningitis cases at the district level were collected weekly from health ministries, WHO country and regional offices, and nongovernmental organizations in countries where there were epidemics of meningococcal disease in 1997, An epidemic was defined as a cumulative district attack rate of at least 100 cases per 100 000 population from January to May, the period of epidemic risk. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value positive of the WHO threshold rate were calculated, and curves of sensitivity against (1 - specificity) were compared with alternatively defined threshold rates and epidemic sizes, The impact of the WHO strategy on a district epidemic was estimated by comparing the numbers of epidemic cases with cases estimated to have been prevented by vaccination. Findings An analysis was made of 48 198 cases reported in 174 districts in Benin, Burkina Faso, the Gambia, Ghana, Mali, Niger, and Togo. These cases were 80.3% of those reported from Africa to WHO during the 1997 epidemic period, District populations ranged from 10 298 to 573 908. The threshold rate was crossed during two consecutive weeks in 69 districts (39.7%) and there were epidemics in 66 districts (37.9%). Overall, the sensitivity of the threshold rate for predicting epidemics was 97%, the specificity was 95%, and the predictive value positive was 93%. Taken together, these values were equivalent or better than the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value positive of alternatively defined threshold rates and epidemics, and remained high regardless of district size. The estimated number of potential epidemic cases decreased by nearly 60% in the age group targeted for vaccination in one district where the guidelines were followed in a timely manner. Conclusion The use of the WHO strategy was sensitive and specific for the early detection of meningococcal disease epidemics in countries of sub-Saharan Africa during 1997 and had a substantial impact on a district epidemic. Nevertheless, the burden of meningococcal disease in these countries remains formidable and additional control measures are needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Off WHO Representat, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Minist Hlth, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. WHO, Div Emerging & Other Communicable Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, Programme Immunizat Childhood Vaccine Initiat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Leake, JAD (reprint author), Childrens Hosp & Hlth Ctr, Div Infect Dis, 3020 Childrens Way,MC 5041, San Diego, CA 92123 USA. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 5 BP 342 EP 349 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 555NR UT WOS:000175800600002 PM 12077608 ER PT J AU Khatri, GR Frieden, TR AF Khatri, GR Frieden, TR TI Rapid DOTS expansion in India SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE BCG vaccine; mycobacterium bovis/immunology/genetics; mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology/genetics; drug evaluation, preclinical; models, animal; clinical trials, phase I; research ID TUBERCULOSIS AB Since late 1998 the coverage of the DOTS strategy in India has been expanded rapidly. In both 2000 and 2001 the country probably accounted for more than half the global increase in the number of patients treated under DOTS and by early 2002 more than a million patients were being treated in this way in India. As a result, nearly 200 000 lives were saved. The lessons learnt relate to the importance of the following elements of the programme: (1) getting the science right and ensuring technical excellence, (2) building commitment and ensuring the provision of funds and flexibility in their utilization; (3) maintaining focus and priorities; (4) systematically appraising each area before starting service delivery; (5) ensuring an uninterrupted drug supply; (6) strengthening the established infrastructure and providing support for staff; (7) supporting the infrastructure required in urban areas;, (8) ensuring full-time independent technical support and supervision, particularly during the initial phases of implementation; (9) monitoring intensively and giving timely feedback; and (10) continuous supervision. Tuberculosis (TB) control still faces major challenges in India. To reach its potential, the control programme needs to: continue to expand so as to cover the remaining half of the country, much of which has a weaker health infrastructure than the areas already covered; increase its reach in the areas already covered so that a greater proportion of patients is treated; ensure sustainability; improve the patient-friendliness of services; confront TB associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It is expected that HIV will increase the. umber of TB cases by at least 10% and by a considerably higher percentage if HIV becomes much more widespread. India's experience shows that DOTS can achieve high case-detection and cure rates even, with imperfect technology and often with an inadequate public health infrastructure. However, this can only happen if the delivery programme is appropriately designed and effectively managed. C1 Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Gen Hlth Serv, New Delhi 110011, India. WHO, Reg Off SE Asia, New Delhi, India. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. RP Khatri, GR (reprint author), Minist Hlth & Family Welf, Gen Hlth Serv, Nirman Bhavan 523C, New Delhi 110011, India. NR 10 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 6 BP 457 EP 463 AR UNSP 02-0016 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 560AP UT WOS:000176059300008 PM 12132002 ER PT J AU Cauthen, GM Pio, A ten Dam, HG AF Cauthen, GM Pio, A ten Dam, HG TI Annual risk of tuberculous infection SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div TB Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, TB & Resp Infect Unit, Div Communicable Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. WHO, TB Unit, Div Communicable Dis, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Cauthen, GM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div TB Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 6 BP 503 EP 511 AR UNSP WHO/TB/88.154 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 560AP UT WOS:000176059300022 PM 12132011 ER PT J AU Deming, MS Roungou, JB Kristiansen, M Heron, I Yango, A Guenengafo, A Ndamobissi, R AF Deming, MS Roungou, JB Kristiansen, M Heron, I Yango, A Guenengafo, A Ndamobissi, R TI Tetanus toxoid coverage as an indicator of serological protection against neonatal tetanus SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE tetanus toxoid/administration and dosage; tetanus antitoxin; tetanus/prevention and control; infant; newborn; immunization schedule; immunization programs/utilization; seroepidemiologic studies; cluster analysis; Central African Republic ID HUMAN-SERA; ANTITOXIN; ELISA AB Objective A Multiple-Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) was conducted at mid-decade in more than 60 developing countries to measure progress towards the year 2000 World Summit for Children goals. These goals included the protection of at least 90% of children against neonatal tetanus through the Immunization of their mothers, as measured by tetanus toxoid (TT) coverage, In the Central African Republic (CAR), serological testing was added to the MICS to understand better the relationship between survey estimates of TT coverage and the prevalence of serological protection. Methods In the CAR MICS, mothers of children younger than one year of age gave verbal histories of the TT vaccinations they had received, using the MICS TT questionnaire. A subsample of mothers was tested for tetanus antitoxin, using a double-antigen enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA). Seropositivity was defined as a titre of greater than or equal to0.01 IU/ml, and TT coverage was defined as the proportion of mothers protected at delivery, according to their history of TT vaccinations. Findings Among the 222 mothers in the subsample, weighted TT coverage was 74.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI); 67.0%-81.7%) and tetanus antitoxin seroprevalence was 88.7% (95% CI; 83.2%-94.2%). The weighted median antitoxin titre was 0.35 IU/ml. Conclusions Tetanus toxoid coverage in the CAR was lower than the prevalence of serological protection against neonatal tetanus. If this relationship holds for other countries, TT coverage estimates from the MICS may underestimate the extent to which the year 2,000 goal for protecting children against neonatal tetanus was reached. We also showed that a high level of serological protection had been achieved in a country facing major public health challenges and resource constraints. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Sup, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. United Nations Childrens Fund, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. Baxter Healthcare Corp, Biosci Div, Columbia, MD USA. N Amer Vaccine Inc, Res & Dev, Columbia, MD USA. Minist Econ Plan & Int Cooperat, Div Stat & Econ Studies, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. RP Deming, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Inst Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Sup, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 9 BP 696 EP 703 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 593JD UT WOS:000177986800003 PM 12378286 ER PT J AU Rahbar, MH White, F Agboatwalla, M Hozhabri, S Luby, S AF Rahbar, MH White, F Agboatwalla, M Hozhabri, S Luby, S TI Factors associated with elevated blood lead concentrations in children in Karachi, Pakistan SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE lead/blood, children, preschool; risk factors; environmental exposure; vehicle emissions; cosmetics/chemistry; dust/analysis; occupational exposure; socioeconomic factors; cross sectional studies; Pakistan ID CITY CHILDREN; EXPOSURE AB Objectives To confirm whether blood lead concentrations in Karchi were as high as reported in 1989 and to identify which types of exposure to lead contribute most to elevated blood lead concentrations in children in Karachi. Methods A total of 430 children aged 36-60 months were selected through a geographically stratified design from the city centre, two suburbs, a rural community and an island situated within the harbour at Karachi. Blood samples were collected from children and a pretested questionnaire was administered to assess the effect of various types of exposure. Cooked food, drinking water and house dust samples were collected from households. Findings About 80% of children had blood lead concentrations >10 mug/dl, with an overall mean of 15.6 mug/dl. At the 5% level of significance, houses nearer to the main intersection in the city centre, application of surma to children's eyes, father's exposure to lead at workplace, parents' illiteracy and child's habit of hand-to-mouth activity were among variables associated with elevated lead concentrations in blood. Conclusion These findings are of public health concern, as most children in Karachi are likely to suffer some degree of intellectual impairment as a result of environmental lead exposure. We believe that there is enough evidence of the continuing problem of lead in petrol to prompt the petroleum industry to take action. The evidence also shows the need for appropriate interventions in reducing the burden due to other factors associated with this toxic element. C1 Michigan State Univ, Data Coordinating Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Karachi, Pakistan. Civil Hosp, Dept Paediat, Karachi, Pakistan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Dept Epidemiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Rahbar, MH (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Data Coordinating Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NR 33 TC 48 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 10 BP 769 EP 775 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 607DR UT WOS:000178776800003 PM 12471396 ER PT J AU Ekwueme, DU Weniger, BG Chen, RT AF Ekwueme, DU Weniger, BG Chen, RT TI Model-based estimates of risks of disease transmission and economic costs of seven injection devices in sub-Saharan Africa SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Article DE disease transmission; latrogenic disease/epidemiology; injections/instrumentation/economics; needles/adverse effects/economics; syringes/adverse effects/economics; injections, jet; hepatitis B/transmission; HIV infections/transmission; risk factors; costs and cost analysis; models, theoretical; Africa South of the Sahara ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HEPATITIS-B VIRUS; HEALTH-CARE SETTINGS; UNSAFE INJECTIONS; DEVELOPING-COUNTRY; BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS; NEEDLESTICK INJURIES; DEVELOPING-WORLD; IMMUNE GLOBULIN; HIV-INFECTION AB Objective To investigate and compare seven types of injection devices for their risks of iatrogenic transmission of bloodborne pathogens and their economic costs in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Risk assumptions for each device and cost models were constructed to estimate the number of new hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections resulting from patient-to-patient, patient-to-health care worker, and patient-to-community transmission. Costs of device purchase and usage were derived from the literature, while costs of direct medical care and lost productivity from HBV and HIV disease were based on data collected in 1999 in Cote d'lvoire, Ghana, and Uganda. Multivariate sensitivity analyses using Monte Carlo simulation characterized uncertainties in model parameters. Costs were summed from both the societal and health care system payer's perspectives. Findings Resterilizable and disposable needles and syringes had the highest overall costs for device purchase, usage, and iatrogenic disease: median US$ 26.77 and US$ 25.29, respectively, per injection from the societal perspective. Disposable-cartridge jet injectors and automatic needle-shielding syringes had the lowest costs, US$ 0.36 and US$ 0.80, respectively. Reusable-nozzle jet injectors and auto-disable needle and syringes were intermediate, at US$ 0.80 and US$ 0.91, respectively, per injection. Conclusion Despite their nominal purchase and usage costs, conventional needles and syringes carry a hidden but huge burden of iatrogenic disease. Alternative injection devices for the millions of injections administered annually in sub-Saharan Africa would be of value and should be considered by policy-makers in procurement decisions. C1 CDC, Vaccine Safety & Dev Branch, NIP, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ekwueme, DU (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 NR 91 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 8 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 11 BP 859 EP 870 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 617DA UT WOS:000179343900004 PM 12481207 ER PT J AU Kohler, KA Banerjee, K Sutter, RW AF Kohler, KA Banerjee, K Sutter, RW TI Further clarity on vaccine-associated paralytic polio in India SO BULLETIN OF THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION LA English DT Letter ID POLIOMYELITIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio Eradicat Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Reg Off SE Asia, New Delhi, India. WHO, Vaccines & Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Kohler, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Polio Eradicat Branch, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA 27 PA MARKETING AND DISSEMINATION, CH-1211 GENEVA 27, SWITZERLAND SN 0042-9686 J9 B WORLD HEALTH ORGAN JI Bull. World Health Organ. PY 2002 VL 80 IS 12 BP 987 EP 987 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 628LT UT WOS:000179997300015 PM 12571731 ER PT J AU Coughlin, SS Wilson, KM AF Coughlin, SS Wilson, KM TI Breast and cervical cancer screening among migrant and seasonal farmworkers: a review SO CANCER DETECTION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Review DE breast cancer; cervical cancer; farming, hispanics; mammography; migrant health; papanicolau test, prevention, screening ID FARM-WORKERS; MEXICAN-AMERICAN; HEALTH-SERVICES; WHITE WOMEN; MAMMOGRAPHY; PREDICTORS; HISPANICS; ATTITUDES; LATINOS; BLACK AB Women constitute about one in five hired farmworkers in the US. Their health may be affected by exposure to unhealthy living and working conditions, by increased exposure to health hazards, by poverty, and by poor utilization of health care and preventive services. About 69% of migrant and seasonal farmworkers were born outside the US, mostly in Mexico and central America, and many speak little English. The health concerns of women who are migrant and seasonal farmworkers include breast and cervical cancer, which can be prevented or controlled through routine screening, but cancer incidence and mortality data for migrant workers are sparse. We reviewed published studies that examined breast and cervical cancer screening in this population. These studies include cross-sectional surveys, health needs assessments, and randomized and non-randomized intervention trials. A review of published studies of cancer screening among women who are migrant and seasonal farmworkers indicates that underutilization of mammograms and Papanicolau (Pap) tests among this population may stem from their limited awareness of the importance of cancer screening and cultural beliefs. Other barriers include cost, lack of health insurance, lack of transportation and child care difficulties. The extent to which results obtained in selected localities are generalizable to other settings is uncertain, but results to date provide important information about possible approaches for increasing cancer screening among women migrant farmworkers. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of International Society for Preventive Oncology. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Coughlin, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE K 55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0361-090X J9 CANCER DETECT PREV JI Cancer Detect. Prev. PY 2002 VL 26 IS 3 BP 203 EP 209 AR PII S0361-090X(02)00058-2 DI 10.1016/S0361-090X(02)00058-2 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 595VL UT WOS:000178129200005 PM 12269767 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Uhler, RJ Coughlin, SS Miller, DS AF Hall, HI Uhler, RJ Coughlin, SS Miller, DS TI Breast and cervical cancer screening among Appalachian women SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE AB Medical service shortages, rural residence, and socioeconomic and cultural factors may pose barriers to breast and cervical cancer screening among women living in the Appalachian region of the United States. This study determined the rates of breast and cervical cancer screening in Appalachia and identified factors associated with screening. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1996 to 1998, for the Appalachian region were analyzed to determine the percentage of women greater than or equal to40 years of age who had had a mammogram or clinical breast examination (CBE) within the past 2 years and the percentage of women greater than or equal to18 years of age who had had a Pap test within the past 3 years. Screening rates were compared with those for women living elsewhere in the United States. Screening rates were further assessed according to demographic, socioeconomic, and physical and behavioral health factors. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictors of screening. Overall, 14,520 Appalachian women greater than or equal to18 years of age reported on Pap tests; 13,223 women greater than or equal to40 years of age reported on mammogram screening, and 13,124 women reported on CBE screening. Among Appalachian women, 68.8% [95% confidence interval (CI), 67.8-69.9] had a mammogram, 75.1% (95% CI, 74.1-76.1) had a CBE in the past 2 years, and 82.4% (95% CI, 81.5-83.3) had a Pap test in the past 3 years. These rates were at most similar to3% lower than those for women living elsewhere in the United States, but these differences were statistically significant. Older women and women with less education or income were screened less commonly. Women who had visited a doctor within the past year were more likely to have been screened. Additional interventions are needed to increase breast and cervical cancer screening rates for Appalachian women to meet the goals of Healthy People 2010, targeting in particular population groups found to have lower screening rates. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Mailstop K 53,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 517WE UT WOS:000173632800020 PM 11815412 ER PT J AU Aldrich, T Sinks, T AF Aldrich, T Sinks, T TI Things to know and do about cancer clusters SO CANCER INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; RISK; ART AB Perceived cancer clusters present difficulties and opportunities for clinicians and public health officials alike. Public health officials receive reports of perceived cancer clusters, evaluate the validity of these reports, and/or launch investigations to identify potential causes. Clinicians interact directly with the affected patients, families, or community representatives who question the occurrence of cancer and the underlying causes. Clinicians may identify cancer clusters when they question the unusual occurrence of a rare form of cancer within their practice or community. In addition, clinicians may be asked to discuss cancer clusters and inform local debates. In this paper, we describe the public health practice experience with cancer clusters and identify cancer prevention and control opportunities for clinicians and public health officials. Scientific investigations of cancer clusters rarely uncover new knowledge about the causes of cancer. However, a set of common characteristics, unique to etiologic cluster investigations have uncovered new information about the causes of cancer or demonstrated a preventable link to a known carcinogen. These characteristics may provide useful clues for sorting out the small number of clusters worthy of further scientific investigation. Public awareness of cancer clusters may promote an opportunity to inform and motivate people about the preventable causes of cancer and effective cancer screening methods. C1 Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, Columbia, SC 29203 USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Norma J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29203 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Aldrich, T (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Sch Med, Dept Family & Prevent Med, 6 Richland Med Pk, Columbia, SC 29203 USA. NR 39 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0735-7907 J9 CANCER INVEST JI Cancer Invest. PY 2002 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 810 EP 816 DI 10.1081/CNV-120003546 PG 7 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 584HM UT WOS:000177461200027 PM 12206154 ER PT J AU Lindegardh, N Forslund, M Green, MD Kaneko, A Bergqvist, Y AF Lindegardh, N Forslund, M Green, MD Kaneko, A Bergqvist, Y TI Automated solid-phase extraction for determination of amodiaquine, chloroquine and metabolites in capillary blood on sampling paper by liquid chromatography SO CHROMATOGRAPHIA LA English DT Article DE column liquid chromatography; ion-pair chromatography; solid-phase extraction; antimalarial drugs; capillary blood ID INDUCED AGRANULOCYTOSIS; UNCOMPLICATED MALARIA; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; ANTIMALARIAL AGENTS; HUMAN-PLASMA; WHOLE-BLOOD; CELLS; DESETHYLCHLOROQUINE; DISPOSITION; SERUM AB A bioanalytical method using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography (LC) has been developed and validated for the determination of amodiaquine, chloroquine and their metabolites in 100 muL blood applied to sampling paper. The intra-assay precision for all analytes was < 5% at 2000 nM, < 7% at 750 nM and < 10% at 100 nM. The inter-assay precision for all analytes was < 4% at 2000 nM, < 7% at 750 nM and < 12% at 100 nM. The lower limit of quantitation was 100 nM for all analytes. The limit of detection was 30 nM in 100 muL venous blood applied to sampling paper. C1 Dalarna Univ Coll, S-78188 Borlange, Sweden. Falun Cent Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, S-79182 Falun, Sweden. Univ Uppsala, Dept Analyt Chem, S-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tokyo Womens Med Univ, Sch Med, Dept Int Affairs & Trop Med, Tokyo, Japan. RP Bergqvist, Y (reprint author), Dalarna Univ Coll, S-78188 Borlange, Sweden. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU VIEWEG PI WIESBADEN PA ABRAHAM-LINCOLN-STRABE 46, POSTFACH 15 47, D-65005 WIESBADEN, GERMANY SN 0009-5893 J9 CHROMATOGRAPHIA JI Chromatographia PD JAN PY 2002 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 5 EP 12 DI 10.1007/BF02492307 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 518FX UT WOS:000173656900001 ER PT J AU Granade, TC Phillips, SK Kitson-Piggott, W Gomez, P Mahabir, B Oleander, H George, JR Baggs, J Parekh, B AF Granade, TC Phillips, SK Kitson-Piggott, W Gomez, P Mahabir, B Oleander, H George, JR Baggs, J Parekh, B TI Influence of host factors on immunoglobulin G concentration in oral fluid specimens SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; ANTIBODIES; SALIVA; SMOKING; SERUM; TRANSUDATE; IGG AB The influence of host factors (tobacco use, dentition, bleeding gums, oral rinsing, nasal medications, and time since the last meal) on immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration in oral fluids (OF) was determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Significant differences in IgG concentration were found to be associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status (HIV antibody positive, +16.60 mug/ml, P = 0.0001), sex (female, +1.23 mug/ml, P = 0.004), dentition (+2.83 mug/ml, edentulous versus dentulous, P = 0.0001), bleeding gums (+6.35 mug/ml, P = 0.0001), and time since the last meal (+3.55 mug/ml, >6 h, P = 0.0001). These factors could impact diagnostic methods that rely on the immunoglobulin concentration in OF specimens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Hlth & Environm, Nassau, Bahamas. Caribbean Epidemiol Ctr, Port of Spain, Trinidad, Trinid & Tobago. Minist Hlth, Port of Spain, Trinidad, Trinid & Tobago. RP Granade, TC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,D-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Baggs, James/0000-0003-0757-4683 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 9 IS 1 BP 194 EP 197 DI 10.1128/CDLI.9.1.194-197.2002 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 509VU UT WOS:000173171000034 PM 11777855 ER PT J AU Warnick, GR Myers, GL Cooper, GR Rifai, N AF Warnick, GR Myers, GL Cooper, GR Rifai, N TI Impact of the third cholesterol report from the Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program on the clinical laboratory SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; RECOMMENDATIONS; DISEASE; STANDARDIZATION; WOMEN AB Background: The US National Cholesterol Education Program has recently released the third report of the Adult Treatment Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Incorporating new evidence and more consistent with other international intervention programs, these more complex guidelines will considerably expand indications for treatment. The implications for clinical laboratories are summarized in this report. Content. LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) remains the major focus for classification and treatment, whereas diabetes, the presence of multiple risk factors, including the metabolic syndrome, and increased triglycerides (TGs), will now require more intensive management. For screening, a fasting lipoprotein profile is recommended, adding LDL-C and TGs to the previous measurements of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). Lowering the cutpoints defining optimal LDL-C [100 mg/dL (2.58 mmol/L)] and normal TGs [150 mg/dL (1.70 mmol/L)] and raising the cutpoint for low HDL-C to 40 mg/dL (1.03 mmol/L) will select more patients for treatment. A new marker, non-HDL-C, becomes a secondary target in treating high TGs. Conclusions: Laboratories will need to adjust reporting formats and interpretations and can expect more requests for tests to characterize secondary causes of dyslipidemia, e.g., diabetes, and for the so-called "emerging risk factors", e.g., lipoprotein(a), homocysteine, and C-reactive protein. (C) 2002 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Pacific Biometr Res Fdn, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Warnick, GR (reprint author), Pacific Biometr Res Fdn, 24415 SE 156 St, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. NR 22 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 48 IS 1 BP 11 EP 17 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 505VU UT WOS:000172936900002 PM 11751533 ER PT J AU Jeppsson, JO Kobold, U Barr, J Finke, A Hoelzel, W Hoshino, T Miedema, K Mosca, A Mauri, P Paroni, R Thienpont, L Umemoto, M Weykamp, C AF Jeppsson, JO Kobold, U Barr, J Finke, A Hoelzel, W Hoshino, T Miedema, K Mosca, A Mauri, P Paroni, R Thienpont, L Umemoto, M Weykamp, C CA Int Federation Clin Chem Lab Med TI Approved IFCC reference method for the measurement of HbA(1c) in human blood SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID STANDARDIZATION; LABORATORIES; HEMOGLOBINS C1 Lund Univ, Malmo Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Malmo, Sweden. Roche Diagnost GmbH, Penzberg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Biopathol Med, Ono, Japan. Isala Klinieken, Dept Clin Chem, Zwolle, Netherlands. Univ Milan, Dept Sci & Biomed Technol, Milan, Italy. CNR, Inst Biomed Technol, I-20133 Milan, Italy. Hosp San Raffaele, IRCCS, I-20132 Milan, Italy. State Univ Ghent, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Analyt Chem Lab, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. RP Jeppsson, JO (reprint author), Lund Univ, Malmo Univ Hosp, Dept Clin Chem, Malmo, Sweden. NR 22 TC 286 Z9 312 U1 3 U2 40 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2002.016 PG 12 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 536FX UT WOS:000174691000015 PM 11916276 ER PT J AU Brugler, L Stankovic, A Bernstein, L Scott, F O'Sullivan-Maillet, J AF Brugler, L Stankovic, A Bernstein, L Scott, F O'Sullivan-Maillet, J TI The role of visceral protein markers in protein calorie malnutrition SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Congress on Transthyretin in Health and Disease CY APR 22-25, 2002 CL STRASBOURG, FRANCE DE protein calorie malnutrition; transthyretin; prealbumin; albumin; nutrition assessment; health outcomes; health care costs; economic implications ID SERUM PREALBUMIN MEASUREMENTS; NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; ENERGY MALNUTRITION; OLDER PERSONS; PREVALENCE; DISEASE; SUPPORT; INDEX; PART AB Despite substantial evidence of the crucial role protein calorie malnutrition (PCM) plays in the occurrence of complications, increased length of stay, and cost of care in hospitalized populations, no standard approach for screening and monitoring the nutritional status of patients initially and throughout admission currently exists. Recognizing that there is a growing public and professional recognition of the importance of malnutrition, a large patient population (3055%) at risk for PCM, and an even larger population experiencing declining nutritional status during hospitalization, this study examined the feasibility of a fullscale study to assess the value of two biochemical markers, transthyretin and albumin, for detecting and monitoring PCM in hospitalized patients. It was demonstrated that these two markers do provide important information predictive of outcomes for those they identify at risk for PCM. The patients who entered the study with or developed low transthyretin and albumin experienced poorer health outcomes and higher costs of care. Their discharge occurred in an early phase of recovery, with significant implications for afterdischarge care. The fullscale study must consider severity of illness and other confounders during randomization and, preferably, be conducted in institutions that currently do not use transthyretin for nutrition assessment. C1 St Francis Hosp, Dept Clin Effectiveness, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Methodist Hosp, Brooklyn, NY USA. Int Sci Commun Inc, Shelton, CT USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Sch Hlth Related Profess, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Brugler, L (reprint author), St Francis Hosp, Dept Clin Effectiveness, 7th & Clayton St, Wilmington, DE 19805 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU300860] NR 45 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER & CO PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-6621 J9 CLIN CHEM LAB MED JI Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. PY 2002 VL 40 IS 12 BP 1360 EP 1369 DI 10.1515/CCLM.2002.235 PG 10 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 624LJ UT WOS:000179760900029 PM 12553444 ER PT J AU Albanese, BA Roche, JC Pass, M Whitney, CG McEllistrem, MC Harrison, LH AF Albanese, BA Roche, JC Pass, M Whitney, CG McEllistrem, MC Harrison, LH CA Maryland Emerging Infections Progr TI Geographic, demographic, and seasonal differences in penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Baltimore SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 39th Interdisciplinary Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC) CY SEP 26-29, 1999 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; INVASIVE DISEASE; PREVALENCE; EMERGENCE; ADULTS; RISK; SURVEILLANCE AB We examined the epidemiology of invasive penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP) infections among residents of the Baltimore metropolitan area from 1995 through 1997. During this period, the proportion PRSP cases increased 42%, from 5.7% to 8.1% of cases. PRSP rates were highest among persons aged <5 and 65 years, black patients, and urban dwellers. However, the proportion of PRSP cases was higher among white persons (10%) than it was among black persons (5%) and among residents of suburban counties (10%) versus urban counties (6%). PRSP cases were more common in November-April (8%) than they were in May-October (5%), particularly for persons aged greater than or equal to 65 years (10% vs. 1%). By use of logistic regression, white race, suburban residence, and winter respiratory season were found to be independent predictors of infection with PRSP. The incidence of PRSP is increasing in Baltimore, and the seasonality of PRSP suggests that recent antibiotic use, which is more common in winter months, may rapidly affect the prevalence of resistant pneumococcal infections. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Epidemiol & Dis Control Program, Community & Publ Hlth Adm, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Harrison, LH (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, 521 Parran Hall,130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. NR 37 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 15 EP 21 DI 10.1086/323674 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 498ZM UT WOS:000172543800008 PM 11731940 ER PT J AU Facklam, RF Martin, DR Lovgren, M Johnson, DR Efstratiou, A Thompson, TA Gowan, S Kriz, P Tyrrell, GJ Kaplan, E Beall, B AF Facklam, RF Martin, DR Lovgren, M Johnson, DR Efstratiou, A Thompson, TA Gowan, S Kriz, P Tyrrell, GJ Kaplan, E Beall, B TI Extension of the Lancefield classification for group A streptococci by addition of 22 new M protein gene sequence types from clinical isolates: emm103 to emm124 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; POPULATION; INFECTION; EPITOPES; BINDING AB Classic M protein serotyping has been invaluable during the past 60 years for the determination of relationships between different group A streptococci (GAS) strains and the varied clinical manifestations inflicted by these organisms worldwide. Nonetheless, during the past 20 years, the difficulties of continued expansion of the serology-based Lancefield classification scheme for GAS have become increasingly apparent. By use of a less demanding sequence-based methodology that closely adheres to previously established strain criteria while being predictive of known M protein serotypes, we recently added types emm94-emm102 to the Lancefield scheme. Continued expansion by the addition of types emm103 to emm124 are now proposed. As with types emm94-emm102, each of these new emm types was represented by multiple independent isolates recovered from serious disease manifestations, each was M protein nontypeable with all typing sera stocks available to international GAS reference laboratories, and each demonstrated antiphagocytic properties in vitro by multiplying in normal human blood. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Streptococci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Minnesota, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Streptocci, Minneapolis, MN USA. Natl Ctr Streptococcus, Edmonton, AB, Canada. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Cent Publ Hlth Lab, WHO Collaborating Ctr Diphteria & Streptoccal Inf, Resp & System Infect Lab, London, England. Natl Publ Hlth Inst, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Streptococci, Prague, Czech Republic. Inst Environm Sci & Res Ltd, Porirua, New Zealand. RP Beall, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Streptococci, Mailstop C02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Krizova, Pavla/M-6120-2015 NR 36 TC 101 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 28 EP 38 DI 10.1086/324621 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 498ZM UT WOS:000172543800010 PM 11731942 ER PT J AU Orenstein, W Figueroa, JP Arita, I Mohammad, AJ Basu, RN Nkrumah, FK AF Orenstein, W Figueroa, JP Arita, I Mohammad, AJ Basu, RN Nkrumah, FK CA World Hlth Org Global Eradication TI "Endgame" issues for the global polio eradication initiative SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID VACCINATION; DISEASE AB The polio eradication initiative, created after the World Health Assembly resolved, in 1988, to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by 2000, has made remarkable progress. From 1988 through 2000, the number of countries where polio was endemic decreased from >125 to 20, and the estimated number of polio cases decreased from 350,000 to <3500, for a percentage decrease of >99%. Wild-type 2 poliovirus has not been detected worldwide since October 1999, despite improving surveillance. The major focus of the eradication effort is to complete the task of stopping wild-type poliovirus transmission. Given the rapid progress made toward this goal, planning for the posteradication era has begun in earnest (1) to minimize the risk of reintroduction of virus into the population from laboratory stocks or long-term carriers, and (2) to prevent vaccine-derived polioviruses from circulating and causing outbreaks. This report summarizes the current thinking about these "endgame" issues, as put forth by the World Health Organization's technical advisory body for the initiative, the Technical Consultative Group on the Global Eradication of Poliomyelitis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program E05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Orenstein, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program E05, 12 Corp Sq Blvd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM wao1@cdc.gov NR 30 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1058-4838 EI 1537-6591 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 72 EP 77 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 498ZM UT WOS:000172543800016 ER PT J AU Bell, DM AF Bell, DM TI Combating antimicrobial resistance: a challenge for medicine and public health - Foreword SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bell, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1198-743X J9 CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC JI Clin. Microbiol. Infect. PY 2002 VL 8 SU 2 BP V EP V DI 10.1046/j.1469-0691.8.s.2.1.x PG 1 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 609BY UT WOS:000178883800001 ER PT B AU Cochi, SL Strebel, PM Papania, M Bellini, WJ Orenstein, WA AF Cochi, SL Strebel, PM Papania, M Bellini, WJ Orenstein, WA BE Knobler, S Lederberg, J Pray, LA TI The next target after polio: Global eradication of measles SO CONSIDERATIONS FOR VIRAL DISEASE ERADICATION, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: LESSONS LEARNED AND FUTURE STRATEGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Consequences of Viral Disease Eradication CY FEB 01-02, 2001 CL INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Agcy Int Dev, US Dept Vet Affairs, Abbott Labs, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Eli Lilly Co, Ellison Med Fdn, Glaxo Wellcome, F Hoffmann La Roche AG, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham Corp, Wyeth Ayerst Labs HO INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cochi, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08414-8 PY 2002 BP 40 EP 52 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA BX26B UT WOS:000184775800004 ER PT J AU Curtis, KM AF Curtis, KM TI Safety of implantable contraceptives for women: data from observational studies SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Review DE contraception; implants; safety; levonorgestrel; etonogestrel ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; DEPOT MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE; SPONTANEOUS REPORTING SYSTEM; SERIOUS ADVERSE EVENTS; CARBOHYDRATE-METABOLISM; NORPLANT(R) IMPLANTS; 5-YEAR EVALUATION; LEVONORGESTREL NORPLANT; NOMEGESTROL ACETATE; GLUCOSE-METABOLISM AB Contraceptive implants are registered in over 60 countries and have been used by millions of women for three decades. This article reviews findings from observational studies on the safety of contraceptive implants and examines the risk of specific health outcomes. Fifty-five articles were reviewed, and the body of evidence for each health outcome was summarized. Available evidence suggests that contraceptive implants are safe and, overall, implant users do not experience adverse events at rates higher than women not using implants. With respect to specific outcomes, the evidence suggests no increased risks of pelvic inflammatory disease, decreased bone mineral density, anemia, thrombocytopenia. or death with implant use. The evidence was too limited to draw meaningful conclusions for neoplastic disease, cardiovascular events, and HIV/AIDS. Nonsignificantly elevated associations were reported for diabetes, serious mental disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. Conditions for which risks were marginally, yet significantly, elevated were hypertension and gall bladder disease. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Curtis, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 64 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 BP 85 EP 96 AR PII S0010-7824(01)00291-8 DI 10.1016/S0010-7824(01)00291-8 PG 12 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 526PE UT WOS:000174138200011 PM 11861058 ER PT J AU McDougal, JN Boeniger, MF AF McDougal, JN Boeniger, MF TI Methods for assessing risks of dermal exposures in the workplace SO CRITICAL REVIEWS IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Review ID INVITRO PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; CONTROL HEALTH RISKS; CHEMICAL-EXPOSURE; HUMAN-SKIN; OCCUPATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS; SHOWERING DETERMINATION; DRUG PERMEATION; UK SCHEME; MODEL; PREDICTION AB The skin as a route of entry for toxic chemicals has caused increasing concern over the last decade. The assessment of systemic hazards from dermal exposures has evolved over time, often limited by the amount of experimental data available. The result is that there are many methods being used to assess safety of chemicals in the workplace. The process of assessing hazards of skin contact includes estimating the amount of substance that may end up on the skin and estimating the amount that might reach internal organs. Most times, toxicology studies by the dermal route are not available and extrapolations from other exposure routes are necessary. The hazards of particular chemicals can be expressed as "skin notations", actual exposure levels, or safe exposure times. Characterizing the risk of a specific procedure in the workplace involves determining the ratio of exposure standards to an expected exposure. The purpose of this review is to address each of the steps in the process and describe the assumptions that are part of the process. Methods are compared by describing their strengths and weaknesses. Recommendations for research in this area are also included. C1 Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. CDC, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP McDougal, JN (reprint author), Wright State Univ, Sch Med, Dayton, OH 45434 USA. NR 71 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1040-8444 J9 CRIT REV TOXICOL JI Crit. Rev. Toxicol. PY 2002 VL 32 IS 4 BP 291 EP 327 DI 10.1080/20024091064255 PG 37 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 583EX UT WOS:000177394600003 PM 12184506 ER PT J AU Liu, H Kalwar, R Kellar, K AF Liu, H Kalwar, R Kellar, K TI Elevated levels of serum interleukin-8 are associated with the rapid plasma reagin test in persons infected with Treponema pallidum SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 92 EP 92 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400219 ER PT J AU Vogt, RF Marti, G Gaigalas, A AF Vogt, RF Marti, G Gaigalas, A TI Standard reference materials and NCCLS guidelines for quantitative fluorescence calibration SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PY 2002 SU 11 BP 122 EP 122 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 544VM UT WOS:000175182400313 ER PT J AU Marti, GE Zenger, VE Vogt, R Gaigalas, A AF Marti, GE Zenger, VE Vogt, R Gaigalas, A TI Quantitative flow cytometry: history, practice, theory, consensus, inter-laboratory variation and present status SO CYTOTHERAPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Biannual Conference on Applications of Flow Cytometry in Blood and Marrow Stem Cell Transplantation CY JUN, 2001 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA ID FLUORESCENCE CALIBRATION C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Washington, DC USA. RP Marti, GE (reprint author), US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 1465-3249 J9 CYTOTHERAPY JI Cytotherapy PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 97 EP 98 DI 10.1080/146532402317251626 PG 2 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Cell Biology; Hematology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Cell Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Hematology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 541MJ UT WOS:000174988100014 PM 11953051 ER PT J AU Erdman, DM Cook, CB Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH El-Kebbi, I Ryan, GJ Gallina, DL Ziemer, DC Dunbar, VG Phillips, LS AF Erdman, DM Cook, CB Greenlund, KJ Giles, WH El-Kebbi, I Ryan, GJ Gallina, DL Ziemer, DC Dunbar, VG Phillips, LS TI The impact of outpatient diabetes management on serum lipids in urban African-Americans with type 2 diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; SCANDINAVIAN SIMVASTATIN SURVIVAL; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; SUBGROUP ANALYSES; RISK-FACTORS; MORTALITY; CARE; DYSLIPIDEMIA AB OBJECTIVE - Treating dyslipidemia in diabetic patients is essential, particularly among minority populations with increased risk of complications. Because little is known about the impact of outpatient diabetes management on lipid outcomes, we examined changes in lipid profiles in urban African-Americans who attended a structured diabetes care program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - A retrospective analysis of initial and 1-year follow-up lipid values was conducted among patients selected from a computerized registry of an urban outpatient diabetes clinic. The independent effects of lipid-specific medications, glycemic control, and weight loss on serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were evaluated by analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression. RESULTS - In 345 patients (91% African-American and 95% with type 2 diabetes), HbA(1c) decreased from 9.3% at the initial visit to 8.2% at 1 year (P < 0.001); total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly lower, and HDL cholesterol was higher. After stratifying based on use of lipid-specific therapy, different outcomes were observed. In 243 patients not taking dyslipidemia medications, average total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations at 1 year were similar to initial values, whereas in 102 patients receiving pharmacotherapy, these lipid levels were all lower at 1 year relative to baseline (P < 0.001). Mean HDL cholesterol increased regardless of lipid treatment status (P < 0.001). After adjusting for other variables, changes in LDL cholesterol concentration were associated only with use of lipid-specific agents (P = 0.003), whereas improved HbA1c and weight loss had no independent effect. Lipid therapy, improved glycemic control, and weight loss were not independently related to changes in HDL cholesterol and therefore could not account for the positive changes observed. Use of lipid-directed medications, improvement in glycemic control, and weight loss all resulted in significant declines in triglyceride levels but only improved HbA1c and weight loss had an independent effect. CONCLUSIONS - Among urban African-Americans, diabetes management led to favorable changes in HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but improved glycemic control and weight loss had no independent effect on LDL cholesterol concentration. Initiation of pharmacologic therapy to treat high LDL cholesterol levels should be considered early in the course of diabetes management to reach recommended targets and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in this patient population. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Diabet Unit, Div Endocrinol & Metab,Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Grady Hlth Syst Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Mercer Univ, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Mercer Univ, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Mercer Univ, Dept Pharm Practice, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cook, CB (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Diabet Unit, Div Endocrinol & Metab,Dept Med, 69 Butler St,SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. FU AHRQ HHS [HS-09722]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK-33475, DK-48124] NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.2337/diacare.25.1.9 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 507PM UT WOS:000173036900003 PM 11772894 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Mangione, CM Cauley, JA Thompson, TJ Schwartz, AV Ensrud, KE Nevitt, MC AF Gregg, EW Mangione, CM Cauley, JA Thompson, TJ Schwartz, AV Ensrud, KE Nevitt, MC CA Study Osteoporotic Fractures Res G TI Diabetes and incidence of functional disability in older women SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-DISABILITY; US ADULTS; PREDICTORS; MOBILITY; MELLITUS; LIFE AB OBJECTIVE - To examine the relationship between diabetes and the incidence of functional disability and to determine the predictors of functional disability among older women with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We analyzed data from 8,344 women enrolled in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, a prospective cohort of women aged greater than or equal to 65 years. Diabetes (n = 527, 6.3% prevalence) and comorbidities (coronary heart disease, stroke, arthritis, depression, and visual impairment) were assessed by questionnaire and physical examination. Incident disability, defined as onset of inability to do one or more major functional tasks (walking 0.25 mile, climbing 10 steps, performing household chores, shopping, and cooking meals), was assessed by questionnaire over 12 years. RESULTS - The yearly incidence of any functional disability was 9.8% among women with diabetes and 4.8% among women without diabetes. The age-adjusted hazard rate ratio (HRR) of disability for specific tasks associated with diabetes ranged from 2.12 (1.82-2.48) for ling housework to 2.50 (2.05-3.04) for walking two to three blocks. After adjustment for potential confounders at baseline (BMI, physical activity, estrogen use, baseline functional status, visual impairment, and marital status) and comorbidities (heart disease, stroke, depression, and arthritis), diabetes remained associated with a 42% increased risk of any incident disability and a 53-98% increased risk of disability for specific tasks. Among women with diabetes, older age, higher BMI, coronary heart disease, arthritis, physical inactivity, and severe visual impairment at baseline Were each independently associated with disability. CONCLUSIONS - Diabetes is associated with an increased incidence of functional disability, which is likely to further erode health status and quality of life. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Gen Internal Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Hlth Serv Res, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RAND Corp, Santa Monica, CA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Prevent Sci Grp, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Minnesota, Gen Internal Med Sect, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Cauley, Jane/N-4836-2015 OI Cauley, Jane/0000-0003-0752-4408 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG05407, AG05394]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR35582, AR35583, AR35584] NR 28 TC 158 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD JAN PY 2002 VL 25 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.2337/diacare.25.1.61 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 507PM UT WOS:000173036900011 PM 11772902 ER PT J AU Vernon, SD Unger, ER Dimulescu, IM Rajeevan, M Reeves, WC AF Vernon, SD Unger, ER Dimulescu, IM Rajeevan, M Reeves, WC TI Utility of the blood for gene expression profiling and biomarker discovery in chronic fatigue syndrome SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Article DE gene expression; CFS; cDNA array analysis; peripheral blood ID CANCER; DEFINITION; ARRAY AB Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a debilitating illness lacking consistent anatomic lesions and eluding conventional laboratory diagnosis. Demonstration of the utility of the blood for gene expression profiling and biomarker discovery would have implications into the pathophysiology of CFS. The objective of this study was to determine if gene expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) could distinguish between subjects with CFS and healthy controls. Total RNA from PBMCs of five CFS cases and seventeen controls was labeled and hybridized to 1764 genes on filter arrays. Gene intensity values were analyzed by various classification algorithms and nonparametric statistical methods. The classification algorithms grouped the majority of the CFS cases together, and distinguished them from the healthy controls. Eight genes were differentially expressed in both an age-matched case-control analysis and when comparing all CFS cases to all controls. Several of the diffrentially expressed genes are associated with immunologic functions (e.g., CMRF35 antigen, IL-8, HD protein) and implicate immune dysfunction in the pathophysiology of CFS. These results successfully demonstrate the utility of the blood for gene expression profiling to distinguish subjects with CFS from healthy controls and for identifying genes that could serve as CFS biomarkers. C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vernon, SD (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop A-15, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 25 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0278-0240 J9 DIS MARKERS JI Dis. Markers PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 193 EP 199 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 666LN UT WOS:000182178900006 PM 12590173 ER PT J AU Campbell, C Vernon, SD Karem, KL Nisenbaum, R Unger, ER AF Campbell, C Vernon, SD Karem, KL Nisenbaum, R Unger, ER TI Assessment of normal variability in peripheral blood gene expression SO DISEASE MARKERS LA English DT Article ID REPRODUCIBILITY; ARRAYS AB Peripheral blood is representative of many systemic processes and is an ideal sample for expression profiling of diseases that have no known or accessible lesion. Peripheral blood is a complex mixture of cell types and some differences in peripheral blood gene expression may reflect the timing of sample collection rather than an underlying disease process. For this reason, it is important to assess study design factors that may cause variability in gene expression not related to what is being analyzed. Variation in the gene expression of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three healthy volunteers sampled three times one day each week for one month was examined for 1,176 genes printed on filter arrays. Less than 1% of the genes showed any variation in expression that was related to the time of collection, and none of the changes were noted in more than one individual. These results suggest that observed variation was due to experimental variability. C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Vernon, SD (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop A-15,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0278-0240 J9 DIS MARKERS JI Dis. Markers PY 2002 VL 18 IS 4 BP 201 EP 206 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 666LN UT WOS:000182178900007 PM 12590174 ER PT S AU Rothman, JM Bowman, DD Eberhard, ML Pell, AN AF Rothman, JM Bowman, DD Eberhard, ML Pell, AN BE Gibbs, EPJ Bokma, BH TI Intestinal parasites found in the research group of mountain gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda - Preliminary results SO DOMESTIC ANIMAL/WILDLIFE INTERFACE: ISSUE FOR DISEASE CONTROL, CONSERVATION, SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, AND EMERGING DISEASES SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Wildlife and Livestock, Disease and Sustainability CY JUL 22-27, 2001 CL PILANESBERG NATL PK, SOUTH AFRICA SP Soc Trop Vet Med, Wildlife Dis Assoc, Bayer, Merial Anim Hlth, Novartis, Pfizer, USDA, Wellcom Trust DE mountain gorillas; Uganda; intestinal parasites; fecal material; Strongylid eggs; Probstymaria sp larvae ID BERINGEI AB Mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei) are critically endangered, remaining only in two isolated populations in Central Africa. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and intensity of intestinal parasites in a single group of mountain gorillas in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda over 7 weeks from June to August 2000. Fecal samples were collected from night nests and transported in formalin for examination at Cornell University and the Centers for Disease Control. All fecal samples were examined microscopically for parasitic larvae, cysts, and eggs. The following were found: strongylid eggs, Probstymaria sp. larvae, and two parasitic nematode larvae that were not identified. Additional examination techniques will be used to further examine the fecal material specifically for protozoan cysts. An increasing threat to this group of gorillas is the presence of local field assistants and researchers. We found no evidence of human parasites in the fecal samples from this gorilla group. C1 Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rothman, JM (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-438-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 969 BP 346 EP 349 PG 4 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA BV61H UT WOS:000179507800061 PM 12381615 ER PT J AU Kourtis, AP AF Kourtis, AP TI Prevention of perinatal HIV transmission - Current status and future developments in anti-retroviral therapy SO DRUGS LA English DT Review ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; RESISTANCE MUTATIONS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; INFECTED WOMEN AB Significant progress has been made in the battle against transmission of HIV-1 from mother to infant. Antiretroviral regimens covering the later part of gestation, labour and the first few weeks of neonatal life have shown great efficacy in reducing such transmission. With the advent of combination antiretroviral therapies, transmission rates lower than 2% have been achieved in clinical studies. Elective caesarean delivery has been shown to enhance the benefit of antiretroviral regimens; however, the risks associated with this approach in many resource poor settings in developing countries limit its role worldwide. Abbreviated antiretroviral regimens covering labour and the first few days of neonatal life have shown considerable promise in the. developing world, resulting in 50% reduction in transmission. Several questions and challenges remain, however. Amongst them, choice of the optimal antiretroviral agent(s), evaluation of purely post-exposure neonatal prophylaxis, availability of antiretroviral agents in developing countries, long-term safety of antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and early neonatal life, and the problem of breastfeeding transmission in the developing world are some issues that need urgent attention. C1 Eastern Virginia Med Sch, Norfolk, VA 23501 USA. RP Kourtis, AP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Eastern Virginia Med Sch, HIV Sect, DRH,NCCDPHP, MS-K34,3439 T N Druid Hills Rd, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. NR 57 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ADIS INTERNATIONAL LTD PI AUCKLAND PA 41 CENTORIAN DR, PRIVATE BAG 65901, MAIRANGI BAY, AUCKLAND 10, NEW ZEALAND SN 0012-6667 J9 DRUGS JI Drugs PY 2002 VL 62 IS 15 BP 2213 EP 2220 DI 10.2165/00003495-200262150-00004 PG 8 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 611DW UT WOS:000179002000005 PM 12381220 ER PT B AU Chapman, LE AF Chapman, LE BE Burroughs, T Knobler, S Lederberg, J TI Xenotransplantation SO EMERGENCE OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases CY JUN 07-08, 2000 CL INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, Abbott Labs, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Welcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Glaxo Wellcome, F Hoffmann La Roche AG, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham Corp, Wyeth Ayerst Labs HO INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chapman, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08327-3 PY 2002 BP 17 EP 20 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA BX26C UT WOS:000184775900004 ER PT B AU Roehrig, JT AF Roehrig, JT BE Burroughs, T Knobler, S Lederberg, J TI Vectorborne zoonotic diseases SO EMERGENCE OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases CY JUN 07-08, 2000 CL INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, Abbott Labs, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Welcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Glaxo Wellcome, F Hoffmann La Roche AG, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham Corp, Wyeth Ayerst Labs HO INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Roehrig, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08327-3 PY 2002 BP 47 EP 50 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA BX26C UT WOS:000184775900010 ER PT B AU Peters, CJ AF Peters, CJ BE Burroughs, T Knobler, S Lederberg, J TI Identification and containment of unknown and rare pathogens SO EMERGENCE OF ZOONOTIC DISEASES, WORKSHOP SUMMARY: UNDERSTANDING THE IMPACT ON ANIMAL AND HUMAN HEALTH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on the Emergence of Zoonotic Diseases CY JUN 07-08, 2000 CL INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP US Dept HHS, NIH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US FDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Vet Affairs, Abbott Labs, Amer Soc Microbiol, Bristol Myers Squibb Co, Burroughs Welcome Fund, Eli Lilly & Co, Glaxo Wellcome, F Hoffmann La Roche AG, Pfizer, SmithKline Beecham Corp, Wyeth Ayerst Labs HO INST MED, FORUM EMERGING INFECT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Peters, CJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 0-309-08327-3 PY 2002 BP 101 EP 105 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases; Veterinary Sciences GA BX26C UT WOS:000184775900023 ER PT J AU Colford, JM Rees, JR Wade, TJ Khalakdina, A Hilton, JF Ergas, IJ Burns, S Benker, A Ma, C Bowen, C Mills, DC Vugia, DJ Juranek, DD Levy, DA AF Colford, JM Rees, JR Wade, TJ Khalakdina, A Hilton, JF Ergas, IJ Burns, S Benker, A Ma, C Bowen, C Mills, DC Vugia, DJ Juranek, DD Levy, DA TI Participant blinding and gastrointestinal illness in a randomized, controlled trial of an in-home drinking water intervention SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CONSUMPTION AB We conducted a randomized, triple-blinded home drinking water intervention trial to determine if a large study could be undertaken while successfully blinding participants. Households were randomized 50:50 to use externally identical active or sham treatment devices. We measured the effectiveness of blinding of participants by using a published blinding index in which values >0.5 indicate successful blinding. The principal health outcome measured was "highly credible gastrointestinal illness" (HCGI). Participants (n=236) from 77 households were successfully blinded to their treatment assignment. At the end of the study, the blinding index was 0.64 (95% confidence interval 0.51-0.78). There were 103 episodes of HCGI during 10,790 person-days at risk in the sham group and 82 episodes during 11,380 person-days at risk in the active treatment group. The incidence rate ratio of disease (adjusted for the clustered sampling) was 1.32 (95% Cl 0.75, 2.33) and the attributable risk was 0.24 (95% Cl -0.33, 0.57). These data confirm that participants can be successfully blinded to treatment group assignment during a randomized trial of an in-home drinking water intervention. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, Berkeley, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Sch Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Colford, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. NR 6 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 29 EP 36 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 513ZL UT WOS:000173411200006 PM 11749745 ER PT J AU Hardwick, TH Cassiday, P Weyant, RS Bisgard, KM Sanden, GN AF Hardwick, TH Cassiday, P Weyant, RS Bisgard, KM Sanden, GN TI Changes in predominance and diversity of genomic subtypes of Bordetella pertussis isolated in the United States, 1935-1999 SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; VIRULENCE FACTORS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; POLYMORPHISM; EPIDEMIC; CHILDREN; OUTBREAK; VACCINE; BRONCHISEPTICA AB Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Bordetella pertussis chromosomal DNA fragments generated by Xbal restriction has been used to subtype isolates for epidemiologic studies. To better understand the natural history of pertussis, we determined the PFGE profiles of 1,333 strains isolated in the United States from 1935 to 1999. Results showed a shift in prevalent profiles from the earliest to the latest study periods. In addition, genetic diversity decreased over time, and prevalent profiles were more highly related to each other than to less common profiles. These results provide the foundation for investigating the impact of prevention strategies, including the use of the acellular vaccines, on the currently circulating B. pertussis population. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sanden, GN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop D11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 44 EP 49 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 513ZL UT WOS:000173411200008 PM 11749747 ER PT J AU Reintjes, R Dedushaj, I Gjini, A Jorgensen, TR Cotter, B Lieftucht, A D'Ancona, F Dennis, DT Kosoy, MA Mulliqi-Osmani, G Grunow, R Kalaveshi, A Gashi, L Humolli, I AF Reintjes, R Dedushaj, I Gjini, A Jorgensen, TR Cotter, B Lieftucht, A D'Ancona, F Dennis, DT Kosoy, MA Mulliqi-Osmani, G Grunow, R Kalaveshi, A Gashi, L Humolli, I TI Tularemia outbreak investigation in Kosovo: Case control and environmental studies SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID FRANCISELLA-TULARENSIS; SWEDEN AB A large outbreak of tularemia occurred in Kosovo in the early postwar period, 1999-2000. Epidemiologic and environmental investigations were conducted to identify sources of infection, modes of transmission, and household risk factors. Case and control status was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blot, and microagglutination assay. A total of 327 serologically confirmed cases of tularemia pharyngitis and cervical lymphadenitis were identified in 21 of 29 Kosovo municipalities. Matched analysis of 46 case households and 76 control households suggested that infection was transmitted through contaminated food or water and that the source of infection was rodents. Environmental circumstances in war-torn Kosovo led to epizootic rodent tularemia and its spread to resettled rural populations living under circumstances of substandard housing, hygiene, and sanitation. C1 Inst Publ Hlth N Rhine Westphalia, Munster, Germany. Inst Publ Hlth, Prishtina, Kosovo, Yugoslavia. WHO, Prishtina, Kosovo, Yugoslavia. WHO, Reg Off Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. European Programme Intervent Epidemiol Training, Paris, France. PHLS Communicable Dis Surveillance Ctr, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO USA. German Reference Lab Tularemia, Munich, Germany. RP Reintjes, R (reprint author), Univ Appl Sci Hamburg, Lohbruegger Kirchstr 65, D-21033 Hamburg, Germany. RI D'Ancona, Fortunato/B-2139-2013 OI D'Ancona, Fortunato/0000-0002-9855-2924 NR 21 TC 129 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 69 EP 73 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 513ZL UT WOS:000173411200012 PM 11749751 ER PT J AU Favi, M de Mattos, CA Yung, V Chala, E Lopez, LR de Mattos, CC AF Favi, M de Mattos, CA Yung, V Chala, E Lopez, LR de Mattos, CC TI First case of human rabies in chile caused by an insectivorous bat virus variant SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION AB The first human rabies case in Chile since 1972 occurred in March 1996 in a patient without history of known exposure. Antigenic and genetic characterization of the rabies isolate indicated that its reservoir was the insectivorous bat Tadarida brasiliensis. This is the first human rabies case caused by an insectivorous bat rabies virus variant reported in Latin America. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Salud, Inst Salud Publ, Santiago, Chile. Hosp FUSAT, Rancagua, Chile. RP de Mattos, CC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM cdd9@cdc.gov NR 24 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 3 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 79 EP 81 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 513ZL UT WOS:000173411200015 PM 11749754 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Kellum, ME Porter, SS Bell, M Schaffner, W AF Jones, TF Kellum, ME Porter, SS Bell, M Schaffner, W TI An outbreak of community-acquired foodborne illness caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTIONS; CHILDREN; RISK AB Infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are increasingly community acquired. We investigated an outbreak in which a food handler, food specimen, and three ill patrons were culture positive for the same toxin-producing strain of MRSA. This is the first report of an outbreak of gastrointestinal illness caused by community-acquired MRSA. C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. W Tennessee Reg Hlth Dept, Jackson, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. RP Jones, TF (reprint author), Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, 4th Floor,Cordell Hull Bldg,425 5th Ave N, Nashville, TN 37247 USA. NR 10 TC 115 Z9 119 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 82 EP 84 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 513ZL UT WOS:000173411200016 PM 11749755 ER PT J AU McDade, JE Hughes, JM AF McDade, JE Hughes, JM TI The Emerging Infectious Diseases journal: A time of transition SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McDade, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 103 EP 104 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 513ZL UT WOS:000173411200024 ER PT J AU Murgue, B Domart, Y Coudrier, D Rollin, PE Darchis, JP Merrien, D Zeller, HG AF Murgue, B Domart, Y Coudrier, D Rollin, PE Darchis, JP Merrien, D Zeller, HG TI First reported case of imported hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in Europe SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter ID GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; ARGENTINA; OUTBREAK C1 Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. Ctr Hosp, Compiegne, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Murgue, B (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Paris, France. NR 3 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD JAN PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 106 EP 107 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 513ZL UT WOS:000173411200026 PM 11749764 ER PT B AU Facklam, RR Carvalho, MDS Teixeira, LM AF Facklam, RR Carvalho, MDS Teixeira, LM BE Gilmore, MS TI History, taxonomy, biochemical characteristics, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of enterococci SO ENTEROCOCCI: PATHOGENESIS, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International ASM Conference on Enterococci CY FEB 27-MAR 02, 2000 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Amer Soc Microbiol ID VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; GROUP-D STREPTOCOCCI; GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI; POLYMORPHIC DNA RAPD; 16S RIBOSOMAL-RNA; SP-NOV; SPECIES IDENTIFICATION; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptoccus Lab, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Facklam, RR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptoccus Lab, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 241 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-234-1 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 54 PG 54 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BV95C UT WOS:000180512400001 ER PT J AU Barrett, DH Gray, GC Doebbeling, BN Clauw, DJ Reeves, WC AF Barrett, DH Gray, GC Doebbeling, BN Clauw, DJ Reeves, WC TI Prevalence of symptoms and symptom-based conditions among Gulf War veterans: Current status of research findings SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC-FATIGUE-SYNDROME; SELF-REPORTED SYMPTOMS; MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITIES; CHRONIC MULTISYMPTOM ILLNESS; POPULATION-BASED SURVEY; PERSIAN-GULF; HEALTH-STATUS; YOUNG-ADULTS; RISK-FACTORS; ILL HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Internal Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Michigan, Div Rheumatol, Dept Med, Ann Arbor, MI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Barrett, DH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Off Director, Mail Stop F-29,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Doebbeling, Bradley/C-6620-2009 NR 77 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 218 EP 227 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxf003 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 675AA UT WOS:000182669700010 PM 12762094 ER PT J AU Jones, BH Thacker, SB Gilchrist, J Kimsey, CD Sosin, DM AF Jones, BH Thacker, SB Gilchrist, J Kimsey, CD Sosin, DM TI Prevention of lower extremity stress fractures.in athletes and soldiers: A systematic review SO EPIDEMIOLOGIC REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID PHYSICAL-TRAINING PROGRAM; EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; STATES MARINE RECRUITS; OVERUSE INJURIES; MILITARY RECRUITS; BONE-DENSITY; RUNNING INJURIES; YOUNG MEN; MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES; MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITY C1 USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, BH (reprint author), USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, 5158 Black Hawk Rd, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. NR 185 TC 96 Z9 102 U1 3 U2 20 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0193-936X J9 EPIDEMIOL REV JI Epidemiol. Rev. PY 2002 VL 24 IS 2 BP 228 EP 247 DI 10.1093/epirev/mxf011 PG 20 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 675AA UT WOS:000182669700011 PM 12762095 ER PT J AU Berry, RJ Li, Z AF Berry, RJ Li, Z TI Folic acid alone prevents neural tube defects: Evidence from the China study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Peking Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Bldg 101,MS-F45,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 3 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD JAN PY 2002 VL 13 IS 1 BP 114 EP 116 DI 10.1097/00001648-200201000-00021 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 505HY UT WOS:000172908400020 PM 11805598 ER PT J AU Ullmann, AJ Piesman, J Dolan, MC Black, WC AF Ullmann, AJ Piesman, J Dolan, MC Black, WC TI A preliminary linkage map of the tick, Ixodes scapularis SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Agr & Agrifood Canada, Canadian Soc Zoologists, Entomol Soc Alberta, Int Consortium Ticks & Tick Borne Dis, Intervet Int BV, Welcome Trust, Univ Alberta DE Ixodes scapularis; linkage map; microsatellites; RAPD-SSCP; STARs; cDNA-SSCP ID MOSQUITO AEDES-AEGYPTI; INTEGRATED GENETIC-MAP; ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE; HUMAN BABESIOSIS; SSCP ANALYSIS; HARD TICK; MARKERS; DNA; POLYMORPHISMS; GENOME AB A linkage map of the Ixodes scapularis genome was constructed based upon segregation amongst 127 loci. These included 84 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, 32 Sequence-Tagged RAPD (STAR) markers, 5 cDNAs, and 5 microsatellites in 232 F-1 intercross progeny from a single, field-collected P-1 female. A preliminary linkage map of 616 cM was generated across 14 linkage groups with one marker every 10.8 cM. Assuming a genome size of similar to10(9) bp, the relationship of physical to genetic distance is similar to300 kb/cM in the I. scapularis genome. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ullmann, AJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087,Rampart Rd,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 107 EP 126 PG 20 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 713UF UT WOS:000184875900009 PM 14570121 ER PT J AU Piesman, J Schneider, BS AF Piesman, J Schneider, BS TI Dynamic changes in Lyme disease spirochetes during transmission by nymphal ticks SO EXPERIMENTAL AND APPLIED ACAROLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Ticks and Tick-Borne Pathogens CY JUL 21-26, 2002 CL BANFF, CANADA SP Agr & Agrifood Canada, Canadian Soc Zoologists, Entomol Soc Alberta, Int Consortium Ticks & Tick Borne Dis, Intervet Int BV, Welcome Trust, Univ Alberta DE ticks; Lyme disease; salivary glands; Borrelia burgdorferi ID OUTER-SURFACE-PROTEIN; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; GENE-EXPRESSION; SALIVARY-GLANDS; IXODES-DAMMINI; IXODIDAE; ACARI; DISSEMINATION; ATTACHMENT; INFECTION AB Ticks are not crawling needles, merely delivering infectious agents to vertebrate hosts. A sophisticated interplay takes place between ticks, pathogens, and vertebrate hosts. The relationship between Ixodes ticks and the Lyme disease spirochetes they transmit involves subtle changes in spirochete populations that maximize their chances of being transmitted. An understanding of this complex interplay will, hopefully, allow the development of new tools to block transmission of tick-borne agents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVBID, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVBID, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-8162 J9 EXP APPL ACAROL JI Exp. Appl. Acarol. PY 2002 VL 28 IS 1 BP 141 EP 145 DI 10.1023/A:1025351727785 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 713UF UT WOS:000184875900012 PM 14570124 ER PT J AU Eremeeva, ME Liang, ZX Santucci-Domotor, LA Silverman, DJ AF Eremeeva, ME Liang, ZX Santucci-Domotor, LA Silverman, DJ TI Pathogenesis of rickettsia Rickettsii infection: In vitro and in vivo evidence for oxidative injury. SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 9th Annual Meeting of the Oxygen-Society CY NOV 20-24, 2002 CL SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS SP Oxygen Soc C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PY 2002 VL 33 SU 2 MA 295 BP S398 EP S398 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 614PY UT WOS:000179199600313 ER PT S AU Akakpo, A Bruckner, G Caporale, V Crawford, LM Meirelles, JCD Economides, PA Hugh-Jones, M Joshi, DD Kaboyo, WR Kachani, M Lindberg, R Luangtongkum, S Mainzer, H Manalo, DM Marabelli, R McEwen, S Miller, B Mwiyeriwa, C Panin, A Rahman, SA Robinson, A van Knapen, F Woolhouse, MEJ AF Akakpo, A Bruckner, G Caporale, V Crawford, LM Meirelles, JCD Economides, PA Hugh-Jones, M Joshi, DD Kaboyo, WR Kachani, M Lindberg, R Luangtongkum, S Mainzer, H Manalo, DM Marabelli, R McEwen, S Miller, B Mwiyeriwa, C Panin, A Rahman, SA Robinson, A van Knapen, F Woolhouse, MEJ CA WHO Study Grp Future Trends Vet Pu GP WHO TI Future trends in veterinary public health SO FUTURE TRENDS IN VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH SE WHO TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Future Trends in Veterinary Public Health CY MAR 01-05, 1999 CL TERAMO, ITALY SP WHO Study Grp ID SURVEILLANCE C1 Interstate Sch Vet Sci & Med, Serv Microbiol Immunol & Infect Pathol, Dakar, Senegal. Natl Dept Agr, Pretoria, South Africa. WHO, FAO, Collaborating Ctr Res & Training Vet Epidemiol &, Teramo, Italy. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Food & Nutr Policy, Washington, DC USA. Natl Council Cattle Breeders, CNCP, Bela Vista, SP, Brazil. Minist Agr Nat Resources & Environm, Dept Vet Serv, Athalassa Nicosia, Cyprus. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Epidemiol & Community Hlth, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Natl Zoonoses & Food Hyg Res Ctr, Kathmandu, Nepal. Minist Hlth, Entebbe, Uganda. Inst Agron & Vet Hassan II, Dept Parasitol, Rabat, Morocco. Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Fac Vet Med, Dept Pathol, S-75007 Uppsala, Sweden. Chulalongkorn Univ, Minist Univ Afffairs, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Res Inst Trop Med, Vet Res Dept, Muntinlupa, Philippines. Minist Hlth, Dept Food & Nutr & Vet Publ Hlth, Rome, Italy. Univ Guelph, Ontario Vet Coll, Dept Populat Med, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. Heifer Project Int, Gender Program, Little Rock, AR USA. CNR, Lilongwe, Malawi. All Russia State res Inst Control Standardizat &, Moscow, Russia. Vet Coll, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Minist Agr, Vet Dept, Project Anim Hlth & Zoonoses, USAID MERC, Amman, Jordan. Fac Med Vet, Dept Sci & Anim Origin, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Edinburgh, Ctr Trop Vet Med, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Akakpo, A (reprint author), Interstate Sch Vet Sci & Med, Serv Microbiol Immunol & Infect Pathol, Dakar, Senegal. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PI GENEVA PA 1211 27 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 0512-3054 BN 92-4-120907-0 J9 WHO TECH REP SER PY 2002 VL 907 BP 1 EP 85 PG 85 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Veterinary Sciences GA BX15C UT WOS:000184436000001 ER PT J AU Cohen, D Monroe, SS Haim, M Slepon, R Ashkenazi, I Estes, MK Glass, RI AF Cohen, D Monroe, SS Haim, M Slepon, R Ashkenazi, I Estes, MK Glass, RI TI Norwalk virus gastroenteritis among Israeli soldiers: Lack of evidence for flyborne transmission SO INFECTION LA English DT Article DE Norwalk virus; gastroenteritis; transmission ID CAPSID PROTEIN; CRUISE SHIP; SEROPREVALENCE; OUTBREAK; ABOARD; INFECTION; ANTIBODY; MEXICO AB Background: Paired sera collected from subjects before and after a fly-control intervention trial conducted in the Israel Defense Force (IDF) were tested for seroconversion to Norwalk virus (NV) to examine the role of NV as a cause of diarrhea in this population and to ascertain whether flies might also be implicated in transmission. Materials and Methods: An enzyme-Linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using recombinant NV capsid proteins (rNV) as antigen was employed to determine the seroconversion rate in a sample of 444 subjects. Results: During 11-week field training cycles, 18% of IDF soldiers who were tested had an NV infection defined as a greater than or equal to 4-fold rise in antibody, yielding a cumulative incidence of nearly one infection (0.95) per soldier per year. The rate of seroconversion was nearly twice as high among soldiers who recalled having diarrhea as among those who did not, but the rates did not differ significantly between soldiers in the fly intervention areas and those in the control areas. Conclusion: NV is a common cause of enteric infections and diarrhea among Israeli soldiers who serve under field conditions, but unlike infections with Shigella and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, transmission of NV cannot be interrupted with an aggressive program of fly-control. C1 Israel Def Forces Med Corps, Jerusalem, Israel. CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Div Mol Virol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Cohen, D (reprint author), Israel Def Forces Med Corps, Mil Post 02149, Jerusalem, Israel. RI Haim, Moti/K-7381-2014; OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 22 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU MMV MEDIEN & MEDIZIN VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH PI MUNICH PA NEUMARKTER STR 18, D-81673 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0300-8126 J9 INFECTION JI Infection PD JAN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 3 EP 6 DI 10.1007/s15010-001-1163-1 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 522BK UT WOS:000173875700002 PM 11876512 ER PT J AU Dubey, JP Graham, DH Blackston, CR Lehmann, T Gennari, SM Ragozo, AMA Nishi, SM Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Hilla, DE Thulliez, P AF Dubey, JP Graham, DH Blackston, CR Lehmann, T Gennari, SM Ragozo, AMA Nishi, SM Shen, SK Kwok, OCH Hilla, DE Thulliez, P TI Biological and genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from chickens (Gallus domesticus) from Sao Paulo, Brazil: unexpected findings SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Toxoplasma gondii; genotyping; mouse virulent strains; chickens; Brazil ID CLONAL LINEAGES; COSTA-RICA; STRAINS; CATS; INFECTION; IMMUNITY; ABORTION; OOCYSTS; MICE AB In spite of a wide host range and a world wide distribution, Toxoplasma gondii has a low genetic diversity. Most isolates of T. gondii can be grouped into two to three lineages. Type I strains are considered highly virulent in outbred laboratory mice, and have been isolated predominantly from clinical cases of human toxoplasmosis whereas types II and III strains are considered avirulent for mice. In the present study, 17 of 25 of the T. gondii isolates obtained from asymptomatic chickens from rural areas surrounding Sao Paulo, Brazil were type I. Antibodies to T. gondii were measured in 82 chicken sera by the modified agglutination test using whole formalin-preserved tachyzoites and mercaptoethanol and titres of 1:10 or more were found in 32 chickens. Twenty-two isolates of T. gondii were obtained by bioassay in mice inoculated with brains and hearts of 29 seropositive (greater than or equal to1:40) chickens and three isolates were obtained from the faeces of cats fed tissues from 52 chickens with no or low levels (<1:40) of antibodies. In total, 25 isolates of T. gondii were obtained by bioassay of 82 chicken tissues into mice and cats. All type I isolates killed all infected mice within 4 weeks whereas type III isolates were less virulent to mice. There were no type II strains. Tissue cysts were found in mice infected with all 25 isolates and all nine type I isolates produced oocysts. Infected chickens were from localities that were 18-200 km apart, indicating no common source for T. gondii isolates. This is the first report of isolation of predominantly type I strains of T. gondii from a food animal. Epidemiological implications of these findings are discussed. 0 2002 Australian Society fur Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Med Vet Prevent & Saude Anim, BR-05508000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. Inst Puericulture, Lab Toxoplasmose, F-75014 Paris, France. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), USDA ARS, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Parasite Biol Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Bldg 1001, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Gennari, Solange/K-2447-2012; Nishi, Sandra /H-1373-2013 OI Gennari, Solange/0000-0001-7500-5277; Nishi, Sandra /0000-0003-1800-5451 NR 41 TC 175 Z9 187 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 32 IS 1 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00364-2 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 520AP UT WOS:000173758000011 PM 11796127 ER PT J AU Vernon, A Burman, W Horsburgh, CR AF Vernon, A Burman, W Horsburgh, CR TI Another step on the path to better TB therapies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONTINUATION PHASE; RIFAPENTINE; TUBERCULOSIS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Denver Hlth & Hosp, Denver, CO USA. Boston Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. RP Vernon, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 537TR UT WOS:000174776100001 PM 11931394 ER PT J AU Ansari, NA Kombe, AH Kenyon, TA Hone, NM Tappero, JW Nyirenda, ST Binkin, NJ Lucas, SB AF Ansari, NA Kombe, AH Kenyon, TA Hone, NM Tappero, JW Nyirenda, ST Binkin, NJ Lucas, SB TI Pathology and causes of death in a group of 128 predominantly HIV-positive patients in Botswana, 1997-1998 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; pathology; mortality; tuberculosis, Pneumocystis carinii; Africa; Botswana ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME; PULMONARY-DISEASE; SYNDROME AIDS; COTE-DIVOIRE; INFECTION; AUTOPSY; VIRUS; NEUROPATHOLOGY AB BACKGROUND: Little is known about causes of death in countries of southern Africa seriously affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. METHODS: After obtaining informed consent, autopsies were performed on 128 mainly hospitalised adults in Francistown, Botswana, between July 1997 and June 1998. Criteria for case selection included those who died before a diagnosis could be established, those whose condition deteriorated unexpectedly during hospitalization, and those who had respiratory disease. This represented 14% of adult medical patients who died in hospital during the study period. RESULTS: Of the 128 patients, 104 (81%) were HIV-positive. Among HIV-positive patients, the most common pathologic findings were tuberculosis (TB) (40%), bacterial pneumonia (23%), Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (11%), and Kaposi's sarcoma (11%); these conditions were the cause of death in 38%, 14%, 11%, and 6%, respectively. Of the 40 pulmonary TB cases, 90% also had disseminated extra-pulmonary TB. Chest radiology could not reliably distinguish the pathologies pre-mortem. CONCLUSIONs: TB was the leading cause of death in our series of HIV-positive adults in Botswana, selected towards those with chest disease; in most, it was widely disseminated. Bacterial pneumonia also played an important role in mortality. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was present, but relatively uncommon. C1 BOTUSA Project, Gaborone, Botswana. Guys Kings & St Thomas Sch Med, Dept Histopathol, London, England. Nyangabgew Hosp, Dept Pathol, Francistown, Botswana. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Nyangabgwe Hosp, Dept Med, Francistown, Botswana. RP Ansari, NA (reprint author), Royal London Hosp, Inst Pathol, Dept Morbid Anat, London E1 1BB, England. NR 33 TC 121 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 6 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 PG 9 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 537TR UT WOS:000174776100009 PM 11931402 ER PT J AU Roehrig, JT Layton, M Smith, P Campbell, GL Nasci, R Lanciotti, RS AF Roehrig, JT Layton, M Smith, P Campbell, GL Nasci, R Lanciotti, RS TI The emergence of West Nile virus in North America: Ecology, epidemiology, and surveillance SO JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND WEST NILE VIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; EASTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; UPSTATE NEW-YORK; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; POWASSAN ENCEPHALITIS; SOUTHEASTERN ROMANIA; UNITED-STATES; AVIAN HOSTS C1 US Dept HHS, CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Program, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. RP Roehrig, JT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,Publ Hlth Serv, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis,Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 108 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 3 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2002 VL 267 BP 223 EP 240 PG 18 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BU56U UT WOS:000176394500011 PM 12082991 ER PT J AU McLean, RG Ubico, SR Bourne, D Komar, N AF McLean, RG Ubico, SR Bourne, D Komar, N TI West Nile virus in livestock and wildlife SO JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS AND WEST NILE VIRUSES SE CURRENT TOPICS IN MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID NEW-YORK-CITY; HEMAGGLUTINATION-INHIBITING ANTIBODIES; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SPARROWS PASSER-DOMESTICUS; LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; SINDBIS VIRUSES C1 US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. Univ London Royal Vet Coll, Wildlife Informat Network, London, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP McLean, RG (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Natl Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Madison, WI USA. NR 121 TC 83 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0070-217X J9 CURR TOP MICROBIOL JI Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. PY 2002 VL 267 BP 271 EP 308 PG 38 WC Immunology; Microbiology SC Immunology; Microbiology GA BU56U UT WOS:000176394500014 PM 12082994 ER PT J AU Gardner, LI Holmberg, SD Moore, J Arnsten, JH Mayer, KH Rompalo, A Schuman, P Smith, DK AF Gardner, LI Holmberg, SD Moore, J Arnsten, JH Mayer, KH Rompalo, A Schuman, P Smith, DK CA HIV Epidemiology Res Study Grp TI Use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected women: Impact of HIV specialist care SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE women; HIV; antiretroviral therapy; medical care; HAART; HIV specialists ID UNITED-STATES; AIDS; EXPERIENCE; SERVICES; ACCESS; ADULTS; BARRIERS; DISEASE; COHORT AB Objectives: To evaluate factors associated with use of HIV specialist care by women, and to determine whether medical indications for therapy validate lower rates of antiretroviral use in women not using HIV specialty care. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of the 1998 interview from the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) cohort. Methods: Data from 273 HIV-infected women in the HERS were analyzed by multiple logistic regression to calculate predictors of the use of HIV specialist care providers. Variables included study site, age, education, insurance status, income, substance abuse, depression, AIDS diagnosis, CD4(+) lymphocyte count, and HIV-1 viral load. In addition, medical indications for therapy and medical advice to begin antiretroviral therapy were assessed. Results: Of 273 women, 222 (81%) used HIV specialists and 51 (19%) did not. Having health insurance, not being an injection drug user, and being depressed were predictive of using HIV specialist care (all p less than or equal to .05). Although medical indications for therapy in the two groups were comparable, the rate of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) use was significantly higher in women using HIV specialist care (27%) compared with those not using HIV specialists (7.8%). Women using HIV specialists received significantly more advice to begin antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the 6 months prior to the interview compared with those not using specialists (relative risk, 2.4; 95% CI = 1.3-4.6). Conclusions: Having insurance, not being an injection drug user, and being depressed all increased the likelihood of women receiving HIV specialty care, which, in turn, increased the likelihood of receiving recommended therapies. The level of HAART use (23%) and any ART use (47%) in these HIV-infected women was disturbingly low. Despite comparable medical indications, fewer women obtaining care from other than HIV specialists received HAART. These data indicate substantial gaps in access to HIV specialist care and thereby to currently recommended antiretroviral treatment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. RP Gardner, LI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 69 EP 75 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 512HG UT WOS:000173318500010 PM 11782593 ER PT J AU MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Secura, GM Bartholow, BN McFarland, W Shehan, D Ford, W LaLota, M Celentano, DD Koblin, BA Torian, LV Perdue, TE Janssen, RS AF MacKellar, DA Valleroy, LA Secura, GM Bartholow, BN McFarland, W Shehan, D Ford, W LaLota, M Celentano, DD Koblin, BA Torian, LV Perdue, TE Janssen, RS CA Young Men's Survey Study Grp TI Repeat HIV testing, risk behaviors, and HIV seroconversion among young men who have sex with men - A call to monitor and improve the practice of prevention SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE repeat HIV testing; predictors of repeat testing; HIV seroconversion; young gay and bisexual men ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; BISEXUAL MEN; GAY; SERVICES; ADOLESCENTS; CARE AB objectives: We compared recent risk behaviors and HIV seroconversion among young men who have sex with men (MSM) who were first-time, infrequent, and repeat HIV testers. Methods: Male adolescents and young men aged 15 to 22 years were randomly sampled, interviewed, counseled, and tested for HIV at 194 gay-identified venues in seven U.S. cities from 1994 through 1998. Analyses were restricted to MSM Who reported having never tested or last tested HIV-negative. Results: Of 3430 participants, 36% tested for the first time, 39% had tested infrequently (one or two times), and 26% had tested repeatedly (greater than or equal tothree times). Compared with first-time testers, repeat testers were more likely to report recent risk behaviors and to acquire HIV (7% versus 4%). Over 75% of repeat testers who seroconverted acquired HIV within I year of their last test. Compared With repeat testers, first-time testers reported similar use of health care but delayed testing for nearly 2 additional years after initiating risk. Conclusions: Many young MSM soon acquire HIV after repeated use of HIV counseling and testing services. Providers must strengthen practices to identify, counsel, and test young MSM and provide enhanced behavioral interventions for those with persistent risks. C1 CDCP, NCHSTP, Off Commun,Reprint Serv, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. New York Blood Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Seattle King Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. RP MacKellar, DA (reprint author), CDCP, NCHSTP, Off Commun,Reprint Serv, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Mailstop E-06,1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 7 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 76 EP 85 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 512HG UT WOS:000173318500011 PM 11782594 ER PT J AU de Souza, CTV Diaz, T Sutmoller, F Bastos, FI AF de Souza, CTV Diaz, T Sutmoller, F Bastos, FI TI The association of socioeconomic status and use of crack/cocaine with unprotected anal sex in a cohort of men who have sex with men in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV/AIDS; men who have sex with men; cocaine; Brazil; socioeconomic status; vaccine preparedness studies ID INJECTING DRUG-USERS; HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; SUBSTANCE USE; BISEXUAL MEN; DE-JANEIRO; YOUNG GAY; VACCINE TRIALS; INFECTION; DETERMINANTS; WILLINGNESS AB To evaluate the relation between illicit drug use, sexual practices, and socioeconomic status, we analyzed data from the baseline interview of a cohort of 675 men who have sex with men conducted from 1994 to 1999 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Bivariate analyses of factors associated with crack/cocaine use with sex revealed that men who reported crack/cocaine use were significantly (p < .05) more likely than men who did not report drug use to be unemployed (42.7% vs. 29.1%), to have an income of <$250 per month (70.7% vs. 60.9%), to have <8 years of education (69.5% vs. 50.9%), to report bisexual activity (81.7% vs. 41.7%), and to engage in commercial sex (72.0% vs. 37.9%). Multivariate analysis of factors associated with unprotected anal sex with casual male partners in the last 6 months demonstrated that the following variables were associated with this outcome: an income <$250 per month (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04-2.87), less than 8 years of education (AOR = 2.21, CI: 1.38-3.53), a greater sense of vulnerability (AOR = 2.58, CI: 1.54-4.33), a willingness to participate in vaccine trials (AOR = 1.91, Cl: 1.20-3.05), and use of crack/cocaine AOR = 1.91, Cl: 1.05-3.46). Our findings suggest that HIV prevention programs for these men need to address drug use and how drug use may influence sexual behaviors. C1 Fiocruz MS, Hosp Evandro Chagas, Ctr Pesquisa, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Pan Amer Hlth Org Brazil, Global AIDS Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Natl Sch Publ Hlth, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Ctr Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Hlth Informat, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP de Souza, CTV (reprint author), Fiocruz MS, Hosp Evandro Chagas, Ctr Pesquisa, Av Brasil 4365,Manguinhos, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 39 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 4 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 95 EP 100 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 512HG UT WOS:000173318500013 PM 11782596 ER PT J AU Anderson, JE Stall, R AF Anderson, JE Stall, R TI How many people are at risk for HIV in the United States? The need for behavioral surveys of at-risk populations SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID PREVALENCE C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Anderson, JE (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Intervent Res & Support, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 104 EP 105 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 512HG UT WOS:000173318500016 PM 11782599 ER PT J AU Sionean, C DiClemente, RJ Wingood, GM Crosby, R Cobb, BK Harrington, K Davies, SL Hook, EW Oh, K AF Sionean, C DiClemente, RJ Wingood, GM Crosby, R Cobb, BK Harrington, K Davies, SL Hook, EW Oh, K TI Psychosocial and behavioral correlates of refusing unwanted sex among, African-American adolescent females SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE African-American; female; adolescents; sexual behavior; refusal of sex ID RISK-REDUCTION INTERVENTIONS; CONDOM USE; WOMEN; COMMUNICATION; SCALE; HIV; POWER; AIDS; AGE AB Purpose: To identify psychosocial and behavioral correlates of refusing unwanted sex among African-American female adolescents. We hypothesized that greater power in relationships, less concern about negative emotional consequences, supportive family and peers, positive self-perceptions, greater perceived risk, and fewer sexual risk behaviors would be associated with increased odds of refusing unwanted sex. Methods: Data regarding demographics, sexual behaviors, communication with parents, and psychosocial factors relevant to romantic and sexual partnerships were collected both via self-administered questionnaire and structured interview from a clinic-and school-based sample of 522 African-American adolescent females ages 14-18 years in Birmingham, Alabama. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using logistic regression. Results: Of those who had experienced pressure for unwanted sex (n = 366), 69% consistently refused to engage in unwanted sex. Adolescents with high safer sex self-efficacy and low perceived partner-related barriers (i.e., concerns about partners' negative emotional reactions) to condom negotiation were over 2.5 times more likely to consistently refuse unwanted sex than were those reporting low safer sex self-efficacy and high partner-related barriers. Adolescents who spoke more frequently with their parents about sexual issues were nearly twice as likely to consistently refuse unwanted sex than were those who spoke less frequently with their parents. Conclusions: Sexual-risk reduction efforts directed toward adolescent females should seek to build self-efficacy to negotiate safer sex and provide training in social competency skills that may, help to reduce or eliminate partner barriers to condom use. Further, sexual risk-reduction programs maybe more effective if they include parents as advocates of safer sexual behaviors. (C) Society for Adolescent Medicine, 2001. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Birmingham, AL USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Sch Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Emory Univ, Nell Hodgson Woodruff Sch Nursing, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Atlanta Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sionean, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Harrington, Kathleen/0000-0002-4154-0631 FU NIMH NIH HHS [1R01 MH 54412] NR 28 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD JAN PY 2002 VL 30 IS 1 BP 55 EP 63 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00318-4 PG 9 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 519DX UT WOS:000173710600010 PM 11755801 ER PT J AU Biagini, R Bernstein, DI Karnani, R Murphy, K Bernstein, C Berendts, B Bernstein, JA Bernstein, IL Abbott, C Yeang, HY Arija, S Hamilton, RG AF Biagini, R Bernstein, DI Karnani, R Murphy, K Bernstein, C Berendts, B Bernstein, JA Bernstein, IL Abbott, C Yeang, HY Arija, S Hamilton, RG TI Diagnostic sensitivity of puncture skin testing (PST) with isolated native and recombinant proteins from Hevea brasiliensis (Hev b) for the diagnosis of latex hypersensitivity in healthcare workers (HCWs) SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Rubber Res Inst Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 783 BP S257 EP S257 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)81918-2 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744800780 ER PT J AU Hamilton, RG Biagini, R Mackenzie, B Yeang, HY Arija, S Bernstein, DI AF Hamilton, RG Biagini, R Mackenzie, B Yeang, HY Arija, S Bernstein, DI TI FDA-cleared immunoassays for latex-specific IgE are missing allergenic epitopes from multiple Hevb allergens SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Rubber Res Inst Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 790 BP S259 EP S259 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)81925-X PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744800787 ER PT J AU Schmechel, D Simpson, JP Lewis, DM AF Schmechel, D Simpson, JP Lewis, DM TI The influence of different growth media and different isolates of Stachybotrys chartarum on monoclonal antibody (Mab) reactivity SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 SU S MA 405 BP S139 EP S139 DI 10.1016/S0091-6749(02)81541-X PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 519UX UT WOS:000173744800404 ER PT J AU Pappas, RS Ting, BG Jarrett, JM Paschal, DC Caudill, SP Miller, DT AF Pappas, RS Ting, BG Jarrett, JM Paschal, DC Caudill, SP Miller, DT TI Determination of uranium-235, uranium-238 and thorium-232 in urine by magnetic sector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID SERUM AB Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a very useful method for the determination of long-lived isotopes of uranium, thorium and other elements. This study investigates parameters for measurement of isotopes of these elements in human urine using a magnetic sector ICP-MS method and a previously established quadrupole ICP-MS method. The investigation was performed by means of comparison of data from the determination of U-238, U-235 and Th-232 in urine-based quality control materials, as well as specimens from an investigation of occupational exposure to smoke and particulates from a population of firefighters. In addition to difference in instrumentation, additional isotopes were quantitated, and sample size was decreased to 100 muL for the magnetic sector method from 500 mL for the quadrupole method. Though non-instrumental bias in samples >500 ng L-1 U-238 due to differences in the serial dilution technique (Digiflex diluter for quadrupole, Eppendorf pipettor for the magnetic sector method) was noted, results of comparison of the analyses of samples by magnetic sector ICP-MS compare very favorably with those from quadrupole ICP-MS (rsquared = 0.991 inclusive, 0.987 excluding serially diluted samples), with a near unity slope (0.934 inclusive, 1.06 excluding serially diluted samples) and near-zero intercept (0.0105 inclusive, 0.001 excluding serially diluted samples). Addition of calibration with U-235 (0.72% in NIST U standard) allowed the characterization of QCs and measurement of this isotope using the magnetic sector method with a multi-run (n = 28) urine LOD of 0.06 ng L-1. Other magnetic sector urinary isotopic multi-run LODs were in the below 3 ng L-1 range for a 100 muL sample versus 4 ng L-1 for a 500 muL sample with the quadrupole (n = 43). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Pappas, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway NE MS F18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Jarrett, Jeffery/0000-0001-5755-3552 NR 15 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD,, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2002 VL 17 IS 2 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1039/b108414c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 521BR UT WOS:000173819200010 ER PT J AU Driskell, WJ Shih, M Needham, LL Barr, DB AF Driskell, WJ Shih, M Needham, LL Barr, DB TI Quantitation of organophosphorus nerve agent metabolites in human urine using isotope dilution gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALKYL METHYLPHOSPHONIC ACIDS; DEGRADATION PRODUCTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS; PENTAFLUOROBENZYLATION; ELECTROPHORESIS; SAMPLES; SARIN; SERUM C1 USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Driskell, WJ (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011; Barr, Dana/E-2276-2013; Barr, Dana/E-6369-2011 NR 14 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 3 PU PRESTON PUBLICATIONS INC PI NILES PA 7800 MERRIMAC AVE PO BOX 48312, NILES, IL 60648 USA SN 0146-4760 J9 J ANAL TOXICOL JI J. Anal. Toxicol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 26 IS 1 BP 6 EP 10 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Toxicology SC Chemistry; Toxicology GA 513EX UT WOS:000173365900002 PM 11888020 ER PT J AU Homa, DM Mannino, DM Redd, SC AF Homa, DM Mannino, DM Redd, SC TI Regional differences in hospitalizations for asthma in the United States, 1988-1996 SO JOURNAL OF ASTHMA LA English DT Article DE asthma; hospitalization; United States; epidemiology ID CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; ADMISSION RATES; TRENDS AB Hospitalization rates for asthma are higher in the Northeast United States than in other regions, despite similar regional prevalence rates. Whether these higher rates reflect differences in asthma presentation or severity or else general differences in hospitalizations is unclear. We examined regional differences in asthma hospitalizations for the United States from 1988 through 1996 using data from the National Hospital Discharge Survey. We classified asthma hospitalizations into those in which asthma was either the primary diagnosis or any listed diagnosis. From 1988 through 1996, the rate, of, hospitalizations for asthma as the primary diagnosis, per 10,000 population, increased in the Northeast, but declined in other regions. By 1996, these rates were 24.5 in the Northeast, 18.4 in the Midwest, 15.8 in the South, and 14.2 in the West. The Northeast also had the highest absolute rate, and the highest rate of increase for asthma as any listed diagnosis during the study period. These higher rates of asthma hospitalizations in the Northeast occurred despite a 9.3% decline in the age-adjusted rate for all hospitalizations in the region. These results indicate a greater rate of hospitalization for asthma in the Northeast than in other regions, suggesting that asthma there may be more severe. C1 CDCP, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), CDCP, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Mailstop E-17,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARCEL DEKKER INC PI NEW YORK PA 270 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0277-0903 J9 J ASTHMA JI J. Asthma PY 2002 VL 39 IS 5 BP 449 EP 455 DI 10.1081/JAS-120004038 PG 7 WC Allergy; Respiratory System SC Allergy; Respiratory System GA 589KM UT WOS:000177757600010 PM 12214899 ER PT J AU Qari, SH Respess, R Weinstock, H Beltrami, EM Hertogs, K Larder, BA Petropoulos, CJ Hellmann, N Heneine, W AF Qari, SH Respess, R Weinstock, H Beltrami, EM Hertogs, K Larder, BA Petropoulos, CJ Hellmann, N Heneine, W TI Comparative analysis of two commercial phenotypic assays for drug susceptibility testing of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MUTATIONS CONFERRING RESISTANCE; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; COMBINATION THERAPY; INHIBITORS; ZIDOVUDINE; STAVUDINE; PROTEASE; DIDANOSINE; LAMIVUDINE; INFECTION AB Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from 50 plasma specimens were analyzed for phenotypic susceptibility to licensed reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors by the Antivirogram and PhenoSense HIV assays. Twenty of these specimens were from recently seroconverted drug-naive persons, and 30 were from patients who were the sources of occupational exposures to HIV-1; 16 of the specimens in the latter group were from drug-experienced patients. The phenotypic results of the Antivirogram and PhenoSense HIV assays were categorized as sensitive or reduced susceptibility on the basis of the cutoff values established by the manufacturers of each assay. Data for 12 to 15 drugs were available by both assays for 38 specimens and represented a total of 529 pairs of results. The two data sets had a 91.5% concordance by phenotypic category. The discordant results (n = 45) were distributed randomly among 26 specimens and included 28 results (62.2%) which were within a twofold difference of the assay cutoff values. None of the discordant results were associated with primary resistance mutations that predicted high-level (>20-fold) resistance. Discordant results were distributed equally among specimens from drug-experienced and drug-naive individuals and were slightly higher for protease inhibitors than for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the results of the Antivirogram and PhenoSense HIV assays correlate well, despite the use of different testing strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Virco, Mechelen, Belgium. Virco, Cambridge, England. Virolog Inc, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), CDC, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, MS G-19,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 31 EP 35 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.1.31-35.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 509AK UT WOS:000173121800007 PM 11773089 ER PT J AU Dou, XG Talekar, G Chang, J Dai, X Li, LX Bonafonte, MT Holloway, B Fields, HA Khudyakov, YE AF Dou, XG Talekar, G Chang, J Dai, X Li, LX Bonafonte, MT Holloway, B Fields, HA Khudyakov, YE TI Antigenic heterogeneity of the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOMBINANT IMMUNOBLOT ASSAY; BLOOD-DONORS; POSTTRANSFUSION HEPATITIS; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; ANTI-HCV; NON-A; INFECTION; EPITOPES; GENOTYPES; ELISA AB The effect of sequence variability between different types of hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the antigenic properties of the NS5 protein was studied by using recombinant proteins. A strong antigenic region was identified within the HCV NS5A protein at amino acids 2212 to 2313. Forty-five unique sequences encompassing this region were selected from GenBank and were compared to each other. The results of this analysis showed that the primary structure of this strong antigenic region is highly variable. Percent homology between different genotype sequences varied from 40.4 to 72.5%. Thirteen representative sequences from all six HCV genotypes were selected to design synthetic genes coding for this antigenic region. These genes were assembled by PCR from synthetic oligonucleotides and expressed in Escherichia coli as hybrid proteins with glutathione S-transferase. All 13 fusion proteins were purified from bacterial lysates and used to test a panel of anti-HCV positive sera (n = 91) obtained from patients infected with HCV genotypes 1 through 6. All but two proteins immunoreacted with 62 to 93% of HCV anti-NS5-positive serum samples. Although a variable degree of genotype-specific antigenic reactivity was detected, only one protein demonstrated a noticeable preference to immunoreact with antibodies against the homologous HCV genotype. On the other hand, closely related proteins derived from the same subtype or genotype immunoreacted with significantly different efficiency with HCV antibodies. Thus, sequence variability has a profound effect on the antigenic properties of the NS5A immunodominant regions. This observation should be taken into consideration in the development of diagnostic tests for the efficient detection of anti-HCV activity in serum specimens. C1 CDCP, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Biotechnol Core Facil, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. VA Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. China Med Univ, Dept Infect Dis, Shenyang, Peoples R China. RP Khudyakov, YE (reprint author), CDCP, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 9 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 61 EP 67 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.1.61-67.2002 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 509AK UT WOS:000173121800011 PM 11773093 ER PT J AU Gomes-Solecki, MJC Wormser, GP Schriefer, M Neuman, G Hannafey, L Glass, JD Dattwyler, RJ AF Gomes-Solecki, MJC Wormser, GP Schriefer, M Neuman, G Hannafey, L Glass, JD Dattwyler, RJ TI Recombinant assay for serodiagnosis of Lyme disease regardless of OspA vaccination status SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; DIAGNOSIS; EXPRESSION; PROTEINS; VLSE AB All current seroassays using cultured Borrelia burgdorferi as their antigen source have been rendered obsolete by the recombinant OspA Lyme disease vaccine. OspA is the major outer surface protein expressed in cultured A burgdorferi, and any seroassay that uses whole organisms as its antigen source cannot differentiate between subjects who received the vaccine and those who were naturally infected. We developed a new sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) utilizing recombinant chimeric borrelia proteins devoid of OspA (rNon-OspA) that can be used to detect antibodies to diagnostically important B. burgdorferi antigens in both OspA-vaccinated and nonvaccinated individuals. We tested sera from patients with Lyme disease and with conditions associated with false-positive serologies, OspA-vaccinated individuals, and healthy high-risk workers from an area of endemicity and normal sera from individuals from areas of nonendemicity. The rNon-OspA test was compared with two commercially available whole-cell immunoassays. The rNon-OspA assay is as sensitive and specific as the whole-cell assay (P > 0.05) for detection of anti-B. burgdorferi antibodies. However, the rNon-OspA assay can differentiate between populations comprised of naturally infected and OspA-vaccinated individuals (P < 0.05). Our data demonstrate that this new sensitive rNon-OspA ELISA can be used for the laboratory detection of B. burgdorferi antibodies regardless of vaccination status and could replace existing serologic assays for Lyme disease. C1 Brook Biotechnol Inc, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. New York Med Coll, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. Wampole Labs, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Dattwyler, RJ (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Med, Div Clin Immunol, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. OI Dattwyler, Raymond/0000-0002-1983-1301 FU NIAID NIH HHS [5 R44 AI44572] NR 25 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 193 EP 197 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.1.193-197.2002 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 509AK UT WOS:000173121800033 PM 11773115 ER PT J AU Pillay, A Liu, H Ebrahim, S Chen, CY Lai, W Fehler, G Ballard, RC Steiner, B Sturm, AW Morse, SA AF Pillay, A Liu, H Ebrahim, S Chen, CY Lai, W Fehler, G Ballard, RC Steiner, B Sturm, AW Morse, SA TI Molecular typing of Treponema pallidum in South Africa: Cross-sectional studies SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB We evaluated a molecular subtyping system for Treponema pallidum for its ability to differentiate between strains obtained from male patients with primary syphilis in South Africa. Of 201 T. pallidum-positive specimens, 161 were typeable, revealing 35 subtypes. The unique subtypes identified in Durban, Cape Town, and Carletonville and the total number of subtypes suggested that the strain population was very diverse and varied geographically. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Natal, Sch Med, Dept Med Microbiol,Genital Ulcer Dis Res Unit, Africa Ctr Populat Studies & Reprod Hlth,MRC, Durban, South Africa. Univ Witwatersrand, Natl Reference Ctr Sexually Transmitted Dis, Dept Clin Microbiol & Infect Dis, Johannesburg, South Africa. S African Inst Med Res, Johannesburg, South Africa. RP Pillay, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-G39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 36 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 256 EP 258 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.1.256-258.2002 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 509AK UT WOS:000173121800043 PM 11773125 ER PT J AU Reis, JN Cordeiro, SM Coppola, SJ Salgado, K Carvalho, MGS Teixeira, LM Thompson, TA Facklam, RR Reis, MG Ko, AI AF Reis, JN Cordeiro, SM Coppola, SJ Salgado, K Carvalho, MGS Teixeira, LM Thompson, TA Facklam, RR Reis, MG Ko, AI TI Population-based survey of antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae from meningitis patients in Salvador, Brazil SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONJUGATE VACCINE FORMULATION; NASOPHARYNGEAL CARRIAGE; PNEUMOCOCCAL SEROGROUPS; RESISTANCE; CHILDREN; INFECTIONS; DISEASE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SURVEILLANCE; IMPACT AB Penicillin-nonsusceptible strains were isolated from 15% of 303 individuals with pneumococcal meningitis identified during a 4-year surveillance study in Salvador, Brazil. The estimated rate of coverage of the seven-valent conjugate vaccine was 74% among patients <5 years of age and 94% among those infected with nonsusceptible isolates, indicating that the use of conjugate vaccines may be an approach to the control of emerging penicillin resistance in Brazil. C1 Minist Saude, Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, BR-40295001 Salvador, BA, Brazil. Univ Fed Bahia, Fac Farm, Salvador, BA, Brazil. Hosp Couto Maia, Secretaria Saude Estado Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Dept Med, Div Int Med & Infect Dis, New York, NY 10021 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptococcus Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ko, AI (reprint author), Minist Saude, Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Ctr Pesquisas Goncalo Moniz, Rua Waldemar Falcao 121, BR-40295001 Salvador, BA, Brazil. RI Ko, Albert/P-2343-2015; Reis, Joice/H-9227-2013 FU FIC NIH HHS [TW-00018, D43 TW000018, D43 TW000905, D43 TW000919, TW-00905, TW-00919]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-30639, P50 AI030639] NR 26 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 275 EP 277 DI 10.1128/JCM.40.1.275-277.2002 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 509AK UT WOS:000173121800049 PM 11773131 ER PT J AU McDevitt, JJ Breysse, PN Bowman, JD Sassone, DM AF McDevitt, JJ Breysse, PN Bowman, JD Sassone, DM TI Comparison of extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic field personal exposure monitors SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE EMDEX; EAF; extremely low frequency; magnetic fields; MultiWave AB The MultiWave(R) System III (MW HI), a recently developed personal monitor for extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields, was compared with the standard EMDEX Lite (Electric and Magnetic Field Digital Exposure System), the type of monitor widely used in epidemiology and other exposure assessments. The MW III captures three-axis magnetic field waveforms for the calculation of many exposure metrics, while the EMDEX monitors measure only the root-mean-squared (RMS) vector magnitude (or resultant). Thirty-eight partial period personal samples were monitored in six different job classifications. The sampling time for each personal sample ranged from 90 to 133 min, with a mean sample time of 110 min. The EMDEX Lite and MW III were evaluated by comparing the maximum and partial period time-weighted average (TWA) of the ELF magnitude. TWA exposures measured for the 38 partial period samples by the EMDEX Lite ranged from 1.2 to 65.3 mG, with a mean of 18.1 mG, while corresponding values for the MW III ranged from 1.1 to 65.8 mG, with a mean of 17.7 mG. The maximum magnetic field exposures measured for the 38 partial period personal samples by the EMDEX Lite ranged from 27.0 to 420.2 mG, with a mean of 216.3 mG, while corresponding values for the MW III ranged from 40.2 to 1311.8 mG, with a mean of 368.4 mG. The maximum and TWA ELF magnetic field exposures measured by the EMDEX Lite and MW III were compared using a two-tailed, paired t-test. Analyses indicate that there was no significant difference in the TWA magnetic field magnitude measured by the EMDEX Lite and MW III. On the other hand, the EMDEX Lite reported significantly lower (P=0.002) maximum magnetic field measurements compared to the MW III. From a detailed analysis of the time traces, the EMDEX Lite appears to measure the ELF magnitude inaccurately when the field changes rapidly over a 4-s sampling interval. The results of this comparison suggest that the standard EMDEX Lite and MW Ill provide similar measure of the TWA magnetic field in a variety of occupational settings and ELF magnetic field magnitudes. However, the EMDEX Lite underestimates maximum exposures when compared to the MW III. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ind Hyg & Safety Grp, Los Alamos, NM USA. RP Breysse, PN (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500194 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 538FB UT WOS:000174803300001 PM 11859428 ER PT J AU Michalek, JE Pirkle, JL Needham, LL Patterson, DG Caudill, SP Tripathi, RC Mocarelli, P AF Michalek, JE Pirkle, JL Needham, LL Patterson, DG Caudill, SP Tripathi, RC Mocarelli, P TI Pharmacokinetics of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Seveso adults and veterans of operation Ranch Hand SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE agent orange; dioxin; pharmacokinetics; TCDD ID 15-YEAR FOLLOW-UP; SERUM DIOXIN; HEALTH-STATUS; VIETNAM; TCDD; HERBICIDES; CHLORACNE; POPULATION; MORTALITY; EXPOSURE AB A combined analysis of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) elimination in Seveso adults and Ranch Hand veterans found a period of fast elimination within the first 0.27 years after exposure in Seveso, followed by a period of slower elimination between 3 and 16.35 years from exposure. The mean TCDD elimination rate within the first 0.27 years after exposure among six adult males in the Seveso cohort was 2.0646 year(-1) (half-life =0.34 years). The mean rate from 3 to 16.35 years was 0.1011 year(-1) (half-life =6.9 years). The mean Ranch Hand elimination rate, 00924 year-1 (half-life =6.9 years), measured between 9 and 33 years after exposure, was significantly less than the Seveso mean in the first 0.27 years after exposure, but not significantly different from the Seveso mean between 3 and 16.35 years after exposure. The fast elimination within the first 0.27 years followed by a slower rate after 3 years is consistent with the expected pattern in a two-compartment open model, with a distribution phase of rapid elimination followed by a slower elimination phase. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Math & Stat, San Antonio, TX 78285 USA. Univ Milan, Dept Lab Med, Milan, Italy. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, 2606 Doolittle Rd,Bldg 807, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 34 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 12 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500201 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 538FB UT WOS:000174803300005 PM 11859432 ER PT J AU Ching, KZ Nakano, T Chapman, LE Demby, A Robertson, BH AF Ching, KZ Nakano, T Chapman, LE Demby, A Robertson, BH TI Genetic characterization of wild-type genotype VII hepatitis A virus SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID A VIRUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; VIRAL-HEPATITIS; PROTEIN; STRAINS; CLASSIFICATION; IDENTIFICATION; SURVIVAL; SEQUENCE; ETIOLOGY AB The complete genome sequence of the only identified genotype VII hepatitis A virus (HAV), strain SLF88, was obtained from PCR amplicons generated by a modified long PCR approach. There was 90% nucleotide identity in the 5' untranslated region compared to other known HAV sequences. In the remainder of the genome containing the long open reading frame, there was about 85% nucleotide identity to human HAV genotypes IA and IB and 80% identity to simian HAV genotype V. Compared to HAV strain HM-175, the capsid amino acids were highly conserved, with only four homologous amino acid changes, while an increasing number of amino acid differences was seen in the P2 and P3 genome regions. While nucleotide variability within the three functional coding regions did not differ, the P3D region was found to have the largest number of amino acid changes compared to HM-175. C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Robertson, BH (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hepatitis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE A33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 83 BP 53 EP 60 PN 1 PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 508LM UT WOS:000173090200006 PM 11752700 ER PT J AU Glik, D Nowak, G Valente, T Sapsis, K Martin, C AF Glik, D Nowak, G Valente, T Sapsis, K Martin, C TI Youth performing arts entertainment-education for HIV/AIDS prevention and health promotion: Practice and research SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION LA English DT Article ID MASS-MEDIA; COMMUNICATION AB Entertainment-education approaches to health promotion and disease prevention are a popular method for many interventions that target adolescents and young adults. This article documents how this approach is used to educate and influence young people about HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and other health issues in the United States. A review of the literature is followed by a two-phase descriptive study of American youth performing, arts entertainment-education programs. First, a quantitative survey was conducted among youth performing arts participants who were attending a national conference on the subject. This was followed by a qualitative survey among adult and youth conference attendees from established HIV/AIDS prevention youth performing arts programs. These two approaches provided detailed insight into the characteristics, approaches, and frameworks used to create, implement, and evaluate these entertainment-education efforts. Nine domains that define the effects and effectiveness of youth HIV prevention entertainment-education interventions are identified and described, including those related to performances, intervention management, and audiences. Given the importance of evaluation for the success and effectiveness of intervention programs, these domains are used to construct a framework for research and evaluation efforts. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ So Calif, Inst Dis Prevent, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Sexually Transmitted Dis & TB Preven, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Glik, D (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Publ Hlth, POB 951772, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 27 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1081-0730 J9 J HEALTH COMMUN JI J. Health Commun. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 7 IS 1 BP 39 EP 57 DI 10.1080/10810730252801183 PG 19 WC Communication; Information Science & Library Science SC Communication; Information Science & Library Science GA 525UJ UT WOS:000174092200004 PM 11878569 ER PT J AU Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Moore, JM Otieno, J Chaiyaroj, SC Perkins, DJ Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Chaisavaneeyakorn, S Moore, JM Otieno, J Chaiyaroj, SC Perkins, DJ Shi, YP Nahlen, BL Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V TI Immunity to placental malaria. III. Impairment of interleukin (IL)-12, not IL-18, and interferon-inducible protein-10 responses in the placental intervillous blood of human immunodeficiency virus/malaria-coinfected women SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID INFECTION; GAMMA; AREA AB Pregnant women are highly susceptible to malaria, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection increases this susceptibility. In our previous studies, placental malaria (PM), HIV infection, and HIV/PM coinfection were all associated with decreased interferon (IFN)-gamma production by maternal placental (intervillous) blood mononuclear cells (IVBMC). This study investigated whether in vitro production of the IFN-gamma regulatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18 and the chemokine IFN-inducible protein (IP)-10 by IVBMC is altered in women who have been exposed to malaria and are infected with HIV. IL-12 production from IVBMC was significantly lower in HIV-positive women, regardless of PM status, in contrast to HIV-negative, PM-negative women. IL-18 and IP-10 production by IVBMC was reduced in HIV-positive, PM-negative women but elevated in HIV-positive, PM-positive women. These results reveal a substantial impairment of IL-12 production by IVBMC in HIV-positive women, implicating this cytokine as a potentially critical regulator of malaria antigen-specific IFN-gamma responses in HIV-infected and HIV/PM-coinfected women. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol & Parasitol, Athens, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Trop & Emerging Global Dis, Athens, GA USA. Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Microbiol, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. New Nyanza Prov Gen Hosp, Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Dept Vet Affairs, Durham, NC USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-07217] NR 15 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 185 IS 1 BP 127 EP 131 DI 10.1086/338013 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 502AZ UT WOS:000172722600019 PM 11756993 ER PT J AU Wu, JZ Rakheja, S Dong, RG Smutz, WP AF Wu, JZ Rakheja, S Dong, RG Smutz, WP TI Effects of static compression on the vibration modes of a fingertip SO JOURNAL OF LOW FREQUENCY NOISE VIBRATION AND ACTIVE CONTROL LA English DT Article DE hyperelastic; finite element model; modal analysis; soft tissue mechanics; vibration ID HAND-TRANSMITTED VIBRATION; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; HEALTHY-MEN; THRESHOLDS; DISCRIMINATION; TISSUES; SYSTEM; SKIN AB The vibrotactile perception threshold measurement technique is used to diagnose sensory neuropathy of the hand. The vibration perception threshold of a human finger could be most sensitive in the vicinity of one or more of its resonant frequency. The purpose of the present study is to investigate, theoretically, the effects of deformation (compression) on the free vibration behaviour of fingertips. An in-plane finite element model of the fingertip tissue has been formulated on the basis of the anatomical structure and the nonlinear elastic material properties of the soft tissue. The vibration modes of a fingertip model have been analyzed under different deformation states. Our results show that the modal vibration characteristics of the fingertip are deformation-dependent; the eigenfrequencies of the fingertip increase with the increasing preload. The present study suggests, from a theoretical point of view, that the static deformation state will influence the vibration modes and thus the perception threshold of fingertips. C1 NIOSH, ECTB, HELD, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wu, JZ (reprint author), NIOSH, ECTB, HELD, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU MULTI SCIENCE PUBL CO LTD PI BRENTWOOD PA 5 WATES WAY, BRENTWOOD CM15 9TB, ESSEX, ENGLAND SN 0263-0923 J9 J LOW FREQ NOISE V A JI J. Low Freq. Noise Vib. Act. Control PY 2002 VL 21 IS 4 BP 229 EP 243 DI 10.1260/026309202321834672 PG 15 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 677KB UT WOS:000182805200005 ER PT J AU Gimnig, JE Ombok, M Otieno, S Kaufman, MG Vulule, JM Walker, ED AF Gimnig, JE Ombok, M Otieno, S Kaufman, MG Vulule, JM Walker, ED TI Density-dependent development of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera : Culicidae) larvae in artificial habitats SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Anopheles gambiae; larvae; density-dependence; algae; bacteria; nutrients ID AEDES TRISERIATUS DIPTERA; YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; BODY-SIZE; ADULT SIZE; QUADRIMACULATUS DIPTERA; WESTERN KENYA; SPECIES-B; GROWTH; POPULATIONS; FOOD AB The growth and development of Anopheles gambiae Giles larvae were studied in artificial habitats in western Kenya. Larvae responded to increasing densities by extending their development time and by emerging as smaller adults, although survival was not significantly affected. Addition of nutrients in the form of cow dung collected near the study site had no impact on larval growth and development. Regression analysis showed that female development time increased by 0.020 d and female dry mass decreased by 0.74 mug with each additional larva. By fitting the data to the pupation window model, the estimated minimum dry mass to achieve pupation was 0.130 mg and the estimated minimum time to pupation was 5 cl. The most likely food source for An. gambiae larvae was algal growth, which was significantly reduced by the presence of larvae. Bacterial densities were not significantly affected by the presence of larvae although total bacteria counts were lower at the higher densities indicating they may provide a secondary food source when algal resources are depleted. Similarly, the levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in the habitats were not significantly affected by the presence of larvae although there was evidence of decreasing nitrogen levels occurring with increasing larval densities suggesting that nitrogen may be a limiting resource in the larval environment. The data indicate that competition within the larval environment may indirectly regulate An. gambiae populations by reducing adult body size, which may in turn reduce adult survivorship and fecundity. The potential impact of density-dependent interactions among An. gambiae larvae oil the transmission of Plasmodium falciparum is discussed. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Gimnig, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM hzg1@de.gov FU FIC NIH HHS [TW01180]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI 21884] NR 57 TC 139 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-2585 EI 1938-2928 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 39 IS 1 BP 162 EP 172 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-39.1.162 PG 11 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 600BW UT WOS:000178371600025 PM 11931252 ER PT J AU McCaffery, K Wardle, J Nadel, M Atkin, W AF McCaffery, K Wardle, J Nadel, M Atkin, W TI Socioeconomic variation in participation in colorectal cancer screening SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING LA English DT Article ID MULTICENTER RANDOMIZED TRIAL; FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNITY INCOME; HEALTH-SERVICES; PREDICTORS; BREAST; ASSOCIATIONS; ATTENDANCE; MORTALITY AB Objectives: To investigate socioeconomic variation in participation in flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) screening for colorectal cancer. Design: A prospective study nested within a multicentre randomised controlled trial of the efficacy of FS screening for the prevention and early detection of colorectal cancer (the UK flexible sigmoidoscopy trial). Setting: Glasgow, Scotland. Participants: 55-64 year old adults, registered with general practitioners participating in the FS trial. Main outcome measures: Screening participation measured at three levels: questionnaire return; interest in screening; attendance at screening. Results: Socioeconomic deprivation was a strong predictor of participation. Return of the screening questionnaire, expression of interest in screening, and attendance at the test, were all lower in more deprived groups. Conclusions: These results highlight the need to consider ways to reduce inequalities in screening uptake, in parallel with the introduction of any new screening programmes, to avoid exacerbating social gradients in cancer mortality. C1 UCL Royal Free & Univ Coll, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Hlth Behav Unit, London, England. St Marks Hosp, Canc Res UK, Colorectal Canc Unit, Harrow, Middx, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wardle, J (reprint author), UCL, Canc Res UK, Hlth Behav Unit, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 2-16 Torrington Pl, London WC1E 6BT, England. EM j.wardle@ucl.ac.uk FU Medical Research Council [G9615910] NR 39 TC 74 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1G 0AE, ENGLAND SN 0969-1413 J9 J MED SCREEN JI J. Med. Screen. PY 2002 VL 9 IS 3 BP 104 EP 108 DI 10.1136/jms.9.3.104 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 607DF UT WOS:000178775600003 PM 12370320 ER PT J AU Shaw, M Cooper, L Xu, X Thompson, W Krauss, S Guan, Y Zhou, N Klimov, A Cox, N Webster, R Lim, W Shortridge, K Subbarao, K AF Shaw, M Cooper, L Xu, X Thompson, W Krauss, S Guan, Y Zhou, N Klimov, A Cox, N Webster, R Lim, W Shortridge, K Subbarao, K TI Molecular changes associated with the transmission of avian influenza A H5N1 and H9N2 viruses to humans SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE avian influenza virus; phylogenetics; interspecies transmission; host range ID HONG-KONG; INTERNAL GENES; EVOLUTION; INFECTION; DISEASE; RISK AB In order to identify molecular changes associated with the transmission of avian influenza A H5N1 and H9N2 viruses to humans, the internal genes from these viruses were compared to sequences from other avian and human influenza A isolates. Phylogenetically, each of the internal genes of all sixteen of the human H5N1 and both of the H9N2 isolates were closely related to one another and fell into a distinct clade separate from clades formed by the same genes of other avian and human viruses. All six internal genes were most closely related to those of avian isolates circulating in Asia, indicating that reassortment with human strains had not occurred for any of these 18 isolates. Amino acids previously identified as host-specific residues were predominantly avian in the human isolates although most of the proteins also contained residues observed previously only in sequences of human influenza viruses. For the majority of the nonglycoprotein genes, three distinct subgroups could be distinguished on bootstrap analyses of the nucleotide sequences, suggesting multiple introductions of avian virus strains capable of infecting humans. The shared nonglycoprotein gene constellations of the human H5N1 and H9N2 isolates and their detection in avian isolates only since 1997 when the first human infections were detected suggest that this particular gene combination may confer the ability to infect humans and cause disease. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 CDCP, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Dept Virol & Mol Biol, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Univ Hong Kong, Dept Microbiol, Queen Mary Hosp, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Queen Marys Hosp, Govt Virus Unit, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Shaw, M (reprint author), CDCP, Influenza Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop G16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mws2@cdc.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [CA-21765]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI95357] NR 35 TC 87 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 66 IS 1 BP 107 EP 114 DI 10.1002/jmv.2118 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 499FJ UT WOS:000172560100016 PM 11748666 ER PT J AU Jackson, RJ DeLozier, DM Gerasimov, G Borisova, O Garbe, PL Goultchenko, L Shakarishvili, G Hollowell, JG Miller, DT AF Jackson, RJ DeLozier, DM Gerasimov, G Borisova, O Garbe, PL Goultchenko, L Shakarishvili, G Hollowell, JG Miller, DT TI Chernobyl and iodine deficiency in the Russian Federation: An environmental disaster leading to a public health opportunity SO JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY LA English DT Article ID THYROID-CANCER; ACCIDENT; AFTERMATH; PROPHYLAXIS; DISORDERS; CHILDREN; BYELARUS; FALLOUT; POLAND AB The Chernobyl nuclear disaster of April 26, 1986, triggered a chain of devastating events that later included an unexpected increase in childhood thyroid cancer and evidence of iodine deficiency (ID) in Russia. For the Russian people the Chernobyl event had profound psychological impacts, provoking anxiety about nuclear technology and mistrust of governmental control efforts. Frequently in public health a crisis is required to create the political will to manage longstanding problems, and public health officials must rapidly mobilize to take advantage of the opportunity. In this case, ID, previously not seen as a problem in Russia, was recognized to be potentially serious, and the Russian Federation, assisted by the catalytic bi-national effort of the U.S.-Russian joint Commission on Economic and Technological Cooperation (Gore-Chernomyrdin Commission (GCC)) established a model salt iodization policy, developed a planning process, and implemented a program to prevent ID through a systematic approach that included the people, government, and private groups using open communication, dissemination of the findings, and action plans. By 1999, political will had been mobilized and over 20% of the nation's salt was being iodized, up from about 1% in 1996. Universal iodization of salt was not a specific objective of the GCC; however, the increasing availability of iodized salt is leading to the elimination of ID, which is now a political goal in Russia. The full realization of this goal will require more time for education, marketing, and possibly legislative action. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Inorgan Toxicol & Nutr Branch, Div Sci Lab,Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Kansas, Med Ctr, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. Minist Hlth, Dept SanitaryionEpidemiol Serv, Moscow, Russia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Amer Embassy, Environm Sci & Technol Sect, Moscow, Russia. Russian Acad Sci, Res Ctr Endocrinol, Moscow, Russia. RP Jackson, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,NE,Mail Stop F-29, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOURNAL PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY PI S BURLINGTON PA 208 MEADOWOOD DR, S BURLINGTON, VT 05403 USA SN 0197-5897 J9 J PUBLIC HEALTH POL JI J. Public Health Policy PY 2002 VL 23 IS 4 BP 453 EP 470 DI 10.2307/3343242 PG 18 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 631XN UT WOS:000180193500006 PM 12532684 ER PT J AU Schwartz, A Wang, L Early, E Gaigalas, A Zhang, YZ Marti, GE Vogt, RF AF Schwartz, A Wang, L Early, E Gaigalas, A Zhang, YZ Marti, GE Vogt, RF TI Quantitating fluorescence intensity from fluorophore: The definition of MESF assignment SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE flow cytometer; fluorescein; fluorescence; MESF; microbeads; quantitation; SRM 1932 AB The quantitation of fluorescence radiance may at first suggest the need to obtain the number of fluorophore that are responsible for the measured fluorescence radiance. This goal is beset by many difficulties since the fluorescence radiance depends on three parameters 1) the probability of absorbing a photon (molar extinction), 2) the number of fluorophores, and 3) the probability of radiative decay of the excited state (quantum yield). If we use the same fluorophore in the reference solution and the analyte then, to a good approximation, the molar extinction drops out from the comparison of fluorescence radiance and we are left with the comparison of fluorescence yield which is defined as the product of fluorophore concentration and the molecular quantum yield. The equality of fluorescence yields from two solutions leads to the notion of equivalent number of fluorophores in the two solutions that is the basis for assignment of MESF (Molecules of Equivalent Soluble Fluorophore) values. We discuss how MESF values are assigned to labeled microbeads and by extension to labeled antibodies, and how these assignments can lead to the estimate of the number of bound antibodies in flow cytometer measurements. C1 Ctr Quantitat Cytometry, San Juan, PR 00919 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Mol Probes Inc, Eugene, OR 97402 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schwartz, A (reprint author), Ctr Quantitat Cytometry, POB 194344, San Juan, PR 00919 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov; edward.early@nist.gov; adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov NR 11 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 12 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 107 IS 1 BP 83 EP 91 DI 10.6028/jres.107.009 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 538XX UT WOS:000174841400006 PM 27446720 ER PT J AU Tan, EM Smolen, JS McDougal, JS Fritzler, MJ Gordon, T Hardin, JA Kalden, JR Lahita, RG Maini, RN Reeves, WH Rothfield, NF Takasaki, Y Wiik, A Wilson, M Koziol, JA AF Tan, EM Smolen, JS McDougal, JS Fritzler, MJ Gordon, T Hardin, JA Kalden, JR Lahita, RG Maini, RN Reeves, WH Rothfield, NF Takasaki, Y Wiik, A Wilson, M Koziol, JA TI A critical evaluation of enzyme immunoassay kits for detection of antinuclear autoantibodies of defined specificities. II. Potential for quantitation of antibody content SO JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE autoantibodies; autoimmunity; diagnosis; diagnostic kits ID SYSTEMIC LUPUS-ERYTHEMATOSUS; CONNECTIVE-TISSUE DISEASE; REFERENCE SERA; RNP; ELISA; ASSAY; DNA; SM AB Objective. To analyze the performance of different commercial enzyme immunoassay (EIA) kits for measuring antibody levels of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) specific for double stranded (ds) DNA, SSB/La, Sm, and Scl-70. Methods. Twenty companies that were known major purveyors of EIA kits for detection of ANA were approached to determine their interest and willingness to participate in this study. The manufacturers were advised that they would be sent coded sera containing mixtures of the Arthritis Foundation/Centers for Disease Control reference reagents, and that they were to use their own test kits to analyze the antibody specificities of these sera and to report the data, in optical density (OD) units, or their equivalent. The analysts were blinded to the concentration of the antibodies and the specificities. Results. Initially, 11 manufacturers out of 20 agreed to participate. but 2 subsequently withdrew. The commercial EIA kits have the potential of being able to quantitate specific autoantibody content to dsDNA, SSB/La, Sm, and Scl-70. However, certain deficiencies in these kits were also detected, the most obvious being lack of uniformly good performance, with kits of certain manufacturers showing exceptional accuracy in 3 out of 4 of their antibody-specific kits and poor accuracy for a 4th kit. Conclusion. It is important for clinicians to appreciate that there is marked inter-manufacturer variation in the performance of EIA kits used as an aid in the diagnosis of systemic rheumatic diseases. Manufacturers need to exercise constant surveillance of kit performance and to provide assurance that such is being done. Improved EIA kits would lend themselves to reliable quantitation of antibody levels in human sera and help to determine whether serial measurement of antibody levels might be useful in monitoring disease activity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fritzler, MJ (reprint author), Univ Calgary, Fac Med, HRB 410B,3330 Hosp Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada. NR 28 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU J RHEUMATOL PUBL CO PI TORONTO PA 920 YONGE ST, SUITE 115, TORONTO, ONTARIO M4W 3C7, CANADA SN 0315-162X J9 J RHEUMATOL JI J. Rheumatol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 68 EP 74 PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 509KH UT WOS:000173146600012 PM 11824974 ER PT J AU Sussman, MP Jones, SE Wilson, TW Kann, L AF Sussman, MP Jones, SE Wilson, TW Kann, L TI The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System: Updating policy and program applications SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS; STUDENTS AB To monitor behaviors that place adolescents at increased risk for premature morbidity and mortality, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention developed the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS). This system measures six categories of behaviors, including behaviors that contribute to violence and unintentional injuries; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; sexual behaviors that contribute to unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV infection; unhealthy dietary behaviors; and inadequate physical activity. This article summarizes how some education and health agencies and nongovernmental organizations, in collaboration with community agencies, school boards, parents, and youth, use YRBSS data to describe risk behaviors, create awareness, supplement staff development, set and monitor program goals, develop health education programs, support health-related legislation, and seek funding. Ways in which YRBSS data are distributed electronically also are summarized. C1 CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sussman, MP (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 30 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD JAN PY 2002 VL 72 IS 1 BP 13 EP 17 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 521HR UT WOS:000173835000003 PM 11865793 ER PT J AU Foroutan, P Meltzer, MI Smith, KA AF Foroutan, P Meltzer, MI Smith, KA TI Public veterinary medicine: Public health - Cost of distributing oral raccoon-variant rabies vaccine in Ohio: 1997-2000 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th Annual Rabies in the Americas Conference CY NOV, 1999 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID PREVENTION; BENEFITS; WILDLIFE AB Objective-Analysis of the cost of 8 distributions of oral rabies vaccine (ORV) with strains known to infect raccoons in Ohio between 1997 and 2000. Design-Original study. Procedure-Fish meal bait containing ORV was distributed on foot, by vehicle, and by helicopter and fixed-wing aircraft. The cost of personnel, vehicles, and helicopter and aircraft use and other associated expenses were obtained from field records and interviews with personnel and agencies involved in the ORV program. Results-Each bait distribution lasted approximately 1 week. Areas baited ranged from 1,701 km(2) to 6,497 km(2). Density varied for each distribution, with means of 79 baits/km(2) for ground baiting and 93 baits/km(2) for aerial baiting. Typically, 72 people participated in the ground portion of each distribution and 32 in the aerial portion. The cost of ground baiting (mean +/- SD, $19.24/km(2) +/- $6.35/km(2)) was consistently less than that for air baiting (mean +/- SD, $24.71/km(2) +/- $4.65/km(2)) for each distribution. The total cost of distribution varied from $30,568 to $145,842 (mean, $96,791), and bait cost varied from $150,714 to $1,029,423 (mean, $543,839). The total cost of ORV distributions ranged from $102/km(2) to $261/km(2) (mean, $1 53/km(2)). Conclusions-In the United States, rabies strains that infect raccoons have been responsible for the largest increase in rabies in animals in the past 3 decades. Use of ORV is a promising new tool that can be used to control rabies in raccoons. Documenting the estimated cost of implementing an ORV program may lead to more efficient use of resources to control and limit the spread of rabies. In addition, accurately measured distribution costs can be used to perform an economic cost-benefit analysis for an ORV program. C1 Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, Coll Food Agr & Environm Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Bur Infect Dis Control, Zoonot Dis Rabies Program, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. RP Foroutan, P (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Agr Environm & Dev Econ, Coll Food Agr & Environm Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. NR 16 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD JAN 1 PY 2002 VL 220 IS 1 BP 27 EP 32 DI 10.2460/javma.2002.220.27 PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 507EY UT WOS:000173015100016 PM 12680444 ER PT J AU Coady, SA Sharrett, AR Zheng, ZJ Evans, GW Heiss, G AF Coady, SA Sharrett, AR Zheng, ZJ Evans, GW Heiss, G TI Vasectomy, inflammation, atherosclerosis and long-term follow-up for cardiovascular diseases: No associations in the atherosclerosis risk in communities study SO JOURNAL OF UROLOGY LA English DT Article DE testis; vasectomy; cardiovascular diseases; atherosclerosis ID CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE; MEN; INFARCTION; STROKE AB Purpose: Although human studies have failed to reveal an increased risk of clinical cardiovascular disease in men who undergo vasectomy, the possibility exists that an association may be detectable only after a long followup, or it may be more evident for subclinical than clinical disease. We assessed the association of vasectomy with inflammation and coagulation factors, carotid intimal-medial thickness, carotid plaque, prevalent peripheral arterial disease, and incident coronary heart disease and stroke in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities cohort. Materials and Methods: Included in the study were 3,957 white men 45 to 64 years old who were free of coronary heart disease at the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) baseline examination in 1987 to 1989. Data on vasectomy was collected at baseline by self-reporting. High resolution B-mode ultrasound was done to assess carotid intimal-medial thickness and carotid plaque. The cohort was followed an average of 9 years for incident cardiovascular events. Results: Average time since vasectomy was 16 years. Approximately 20% of the population had undergone vasectomy 20 years or more ago at baseline. Multivariate analysis showed no association of vasectomy status with inflammation or coagulation factors, peripheral arterial disease, carotid plaque, carotid far wall thickness, incident coronary heart disease or stroke. Associations were unaffected by the time since vasectomy. Conclusions: There is no evidence in this population based sample of men indicating that vasectomy is related to atherosclerosis even after more than 20 years of followup. C1 NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Coady, SA (reprint author), NHLBI, Div Epidemiol & Clin Applicat, Bldg 10, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-5347 J9 J UROLOGY JI J. Urol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 204 EP 207 DI 10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65413-4 PG 4 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 502CM UT WOS:000172726200054 PM 11743306 ER PT J AU Gaskin, AA Schantz, P Jackson, J Birkenheuer, A Tomlinson, L Gramiccia, M Levy, M Steurer, F Kollmar, E Hegarty, BC Ahn, A Breitschwerdt, EB AF Gaskin, AA Schantz, P Jackson, J Birkenheuer, A Tomlinson, L Gramiccia, M Levy, M Steurer, F Kollmar, E Hegarty, BC Ahn, A Breitschwerdt, EB TI Visceral leishmaniasis in a New York foxhound kennel SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE canine; dogs; Leishmania; sand fly ID TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI INFECTION; PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES; MOUNTAIN-SPOTTED-FEVER; CANINE LEISHMANIASIS; CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS; BARTONELLA-VINSONII; EHRLICHIA-CANIS; MAJOR INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; T-CELLS AB Although endemic throughout much of the world. autochthonous visceral leishmaniasis has been reported on only 3 previous occasions in North America. After diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis in 4 foxhounds from a kennel in Dutchess County, New York (index kennel), serum and ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid (EDTA)-anticoagulated blood were collected front the remaining 108 American or cross-bred foxhounds in the index kennel and from 30 Beagles and Basset Hounds that were periodically housed in the index kennel. Samples were analyzed for antibodies to or DNA of tickborne disease pathogens and Leishmania spp. Most dogs had antibodies to Rickettsia spp., Ehrlichia spp., Babesia spp., or some combination of these pathogens but not to Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffi). However, DNA of rickettsial, ehrlichial, or babesial agents was detected in only 9 dogs, Visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed in 46 of 112 (41%) foxhounds from the index kennel but was not diagnosed in any of the Beagles and Basset Hounds. A positive Leishmania status was defined by 1 or more of the following criteria: a Leishmania antibody titer greater than or equal to1 : 64. positive Leishmania polymerase chain reaction (PCR), positive Leishmania culture, or identification of Leishmania amastigotes by cytology or histopathology. The species and zymodeme of Leishmania that infected the foxhounds was determined to be Leishmania infantum MON-1 by isoenzyme electrophoresis. Foxhounds that were >18 months of age or that had traveled to the southeastern United States were more likely to be diagnosed with visceral leishmaniasis. Transmission of Leishmania spp. in kennel outbreaks may involve exposure to an insect vector, direct transmission, or vertical transmission. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Microbiol Pathol & Parasitol, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Washington, DC 20307 USA. Ist Super Sanita, Lab Parassitol, I-00161 Rome, Italy. Village Anim Hosp, Millbrook, NY USA. Merial Ltd, Duluth, GA USA. RP Breitschwerdt, EB (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27603 USA. RI GRAMICCIA, MARINA/C-4969-2016 NR 56 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER COLL VETERINARY INTERNAL MEDICINE PI LAKEWOOD PA 7175 W JEFFERSON AVE, STE 2125, LAKEWOOD, CO 80235 USA SN 0891-6640 J9 J VET INTERN MED JI J. Vet. Intern. Med. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 34 EP 44 DI 10.1892/0891-6640(2002)016<0034:VLIANY>2.3.CO;2 PG 11 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 514GM UT WOS:000173430700005 PM 11822802 ER PT J AU Schultz, SM Nicholson, WL Comer, JA Childs, JE Humphreys, JG AF Schultz, SM Nicholson, WL Comer, JA Childs, JE Humphreys, JG TI Serologic evidence of infection with granulocytic ehrlichiae in black bears in Pennsylvania SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE black bear; Borrelia burgdorferi; Ehrlichia sp.; human granulocytic ehrlichiosis; indirect immunofluoresence assay; Ixodes scapularis; polymerase chain reaction; Ursus americanus ID IXODES-DAMMINI; LYME-DISEASE; AGENT; DEER; BABESIOSIS AB Serum samples from 381 black bears (Ursus americanus) killed in Pennsylvania (USA) on 24 November 1997 were analyzed for antibodies reactive to the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE; Ehrlichia sp.) by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Antibody reactivity to HGE antigen was detected in 21% (81/381) of the samples collected. Reactive samples were reported from 56% (14/25) of the counties where bear samples were collected. Endpoint antibody titer ranged from 1:8 to 1:16, 192, with a geometric mean titer of 1:582. There was no significant difference in antibody prevalence between male and female bears (P < 0.01). However, adult bears were significantly more likely to have reactive antibodies than juvenile bears (P < 0.01). Attempts to amplify and detect granulocytic ehrlichial DNA from corresponding bear blood clots (n = 181) through nested polymerase chain reaction assays were unsuccessful. Further studies are needed for identification of the pathogen-responsible for induction of HGE-reactive. This is the first description of antibodies reactive to the HGE agent in black bears and suggests these mammals are infected with the agent of HGE or an antigenically related ehrlichial species. C1 Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Humphreys, JG (reprint author), Indiana Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Indiana, PA 15701 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 38 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 518VT UT WOS:000173689100007 PM 11838228 ER PT J AU Dilley, A Drews, C Lally, C Austin, H Barnhart, E Evatt, B AF Dilley, A Drews, C Lally, C Austin, H Barnhart, E Evatt, B TI A survey of gynecologists concerning menorrhagia: Perceptions of bleeding disorders as a possible cause SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB We sought to determine perceptions and practices of American gynecologists when treating with a woman complaining of menorrhagia, specifically with regard to an underlying bleeding disorder as a potential cause. A mail survey of Georgia members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists was conducted. The survey response was 52%, and the analysis includes 376 physicians who reported seeing at least one gynecological patient per week. On average, respondents were in practice 20 years and reported that 8% of their patient population complain of menorrhagia. Virtually all physicians reported employing a menstrual history as a starting point for the workup for menorrhagia, and 95% order a hemoglobin/ hematocrit determination. About 50% of physicians considered saturating three tampons/ pads per 4 hours as excessive, although the criterion varied widely (range 0-24 per 4 hours, SD = 3). The diagnoses considered most likely among reproductive age women were anovulatory bleeding or benign lesions or that the heavy bleeding was within normal limits. Only 4% of physicians would consider von Willebrand disease (VWD) for this age group (women of reproductive age). Among girls near menarche, physicians overwhelmingly consider anovulatory bleeding or bleeding within normal limits the likely diagnoses, and 16% would consider VWD in this age group. Only rarely (3%) do surveyed physicians refer menorrhagia patients to other specialists. Most respondents believe that most menorrhagia is caused by anovulation or is within normal limits. Bleeding disorders are believed to be a rare cause of menorrhagia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Dilley, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hematol Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E-64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1089/152460902753473444 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 525ZV UT WOS:000174104700007 PM 11860723 ER PT J AU Austin, GE Bhatnagar, J AF Austin, GE Bhatnagar, J TI Immunohistochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in esophageal carcinomas: A comparison with other gastrointestinal neoplasms SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 EI 1530-0307 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 510 BP 123A EP 123A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 513LJ UT WOS:000173379700523 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Bartlett, J Whitney, EAS Raghunathan, PL Stienstra, Y Asamoa, K King, CH Ashford, DA AF Guarner, J Bartlett, J Whitney, EAS Raghunathan, PL Stienstra, Y Asamoa, K King, CH Ashford, DA TI Histopathologic features of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Groningen Hosp, Groningen, Netherlands. Minist Hlth, Accra, Ghana. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Stienstra, Ymkje/F-2222-2010 OI Stienstra, Ymkje/0000-0002-8844-8859 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 EI 1530-0307 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1132 BP 273A EP 273A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 513LJ UT WOS:000173379701145 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Gentsch, J Ferebee-Harris, T Tatti, K Bresee, J Lynch, M Hummelman, E Jiang, B Glass, R Guarner, J Zaki, SR AF Shieh, WJ Gentsch, J Ferebee-Harris, T Tatti, K Bresee, J Lynch, M Hummelman, E Jiang, B Glass, R Guarner, J Zaki, SR TI Pathologic studies of intussusception among recipients of rheusus rotavirus vaccine SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 EI 1530-0307 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1137 BP 274A EP 274A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 513LJ UT WOS:000173379701150 ER PT J AU Torres-Velez, FJ Nace, EK Won, KY Bartlett, J Eberhard, M Guarner, J AF Torres-Velez, FJ Nace, EK Won, KY Bartlett, J Eberhard, M Guarner, J TI Development of an immunohistochemistry assay for detection of babesiosis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and blood smears SO LABORATORY INVESTIGATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0023-6837 EI 1530-0307 J9 LAB INVEST JI Lab. Invest. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 82 IS 1 MA 1141 BP 275A EP 275A PG 1 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 513LJ UT WOS:000173379701154 ER PT B AU McDade, JE AF McDade, JE BE Marre, R Kwaik, YA Bartlett, C Cianciotto, NP Fields, BS Frosch, M Hacker, J Luck, PC TI Legionnaires' disease 25 years later: Lessons learned SO LEGIONELLA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Legionella CY SEP 26-29, 2000 CL ULM, SWEDEN SP Deutsch Gesell Hyg & Mikrobiol, Univ Ulm, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch ID BACTERIUM; EPIDEMIC C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McDade, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-230-9 PY 2002 BP 1 EP 10 PG 10 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BT66W UT WOS:000173698000001 ER PT B AU Fields, BS AF Fields, BS BE Marre, R Kwaik, YA Bartlett, C Cianciotto, NP Fields, BS Frosch, M Hacker, J Luck, PC TI The social life of legionellae SO LEGIONELLA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Legionella CY SEP 26-29, 2000 CL ULM, SWEDEN SP Deutsch Gesell Hyg & Mikrobiol, Univ Ulm, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch ID LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE BACTERIUM; PNEUMOPHILA; LOCUS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Fields, BS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-230-9 PY 2002 BP 135 EP 142 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BT66W UT WOS:000173698000025 ER PT B AU Benson, RF Fields, BS Benin, A Craddock, H Besser, RE AF Benson, RF Fields, BS Benin, A Craddock, H Besser, RE BE Marre, R Kwaik, YA Bartlett, C Cianciotto, NP Fields, BS Frosch, M Hacker, J Luck, PC TI Application of amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis to subtyping of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 6 SO LEGIONELLA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Legionella CY SEP 26-29, 2000 CL ULM, SWEDEN SP Deutsch Gesell Hyg & Mikrobiol, Univ Ulm, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Benson, RF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-230-9 PY 2002 BP 243 EP 247 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BT66W UT WOS:000173698000045 ER PT B AU Besser, RE AF Besser, RE BE Marre, R Kwaik, YA Bartlett, C Cianciotto, NP Fields, BS Frosch, M Hacker, J Luck, PC TI Legionnaires' disease in the United States: Opportunities for prevention SO LEGIONELLA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Legionella CY SEP 26-29, 2000 CL ULM, SWEDEN SP Deutsch Gesell Hyg & Mikrobiol, Univ Ulm, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch ID TRANSPLANT PATIENTS; RISK-FACTORS; SURVEILLANCE; LEGIONELLA; OUTBREAK; COLONIZATION; PNEUMONIA; SYSTEM; WATER C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Besser, RE (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-230-9 PY 2002 BP 391 EP 397 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BT66W UT WOS:000173698000079 ER PT B AU Donlan, R Murga, R Carpenter, J Brown, E Besser, R Fields, B AF Donlan, R Murga, R Carpenter, J Brown, E Besser, R Fields, B BE Marre, R Kwaik, YA Bartlett, C Cianciotto, NP Fields, BS Frosch, M Hacker, J Luck, PC TI Monochloramine disinfection of biofilm-associated Legionella pneumophila in a potable water model system SO LEGIONELLA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Legionella CY SEP 26-29, 2000 CL ULM, SWEDEN SP Deutsch Gesell Hyg & Mikrobiol, Univ Ulm, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Biofilm Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Donlan, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Biofilm Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-230-9 PY 2002 BP 406 EP 410 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BT66W UT WOS:000173698000082 ER PT B AU Kool, JL AF Kool, JL BE Marre, R Kwaik, YA Bartlett, C Cianciotto, NP Fields, BS Frosch, M Hacker, J Luck, PC TI Control of Legionella in drinking water systems: Impact of monochloramine SO LEGIONELLA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Legionella CY SEP 26-29, 2000 CL ULM, SWEDEN SP Deutsch Gesell Hyg & Mikrobiol, Univ Ulm, Deutsch Forsch Gemeinsch ID COPPER-SILVER IONIZATION; NOSOCOMIAL LEGIONNAIRES-DISEASE; COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; PNEUMOPHILA; CHLORINE; RISK; SURVEILLANCE; INACTIVATION; EXPERIENCE; BIOFILM C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Kool, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 1-55581-230-9 PY 2002 BP 411 EP 418 PG 8 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA BT66W UT WOS:000173698000083 ER PT S AU Lammie, PJ Cuenco, KT Punkosdy, GA AF Lammie, PJ Cuenco, KT Punkosdy, GA BE Rockson, SG TI The pathogenesis of filarial lymphedema - Is it the worm or is it the host? SO LYMPHATIC CONTINUUM: LYMPHATIC BIOLOGY AND DISEASE SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Lymphatic Continuum CY MAY 03-04, 2002 CL NIH NATCHER CTR, BETHESDA, MARYLAND HO NIH NATCHER CTR DE lymphatic filariasis; Wuchereria bancrofti; lymphedema ID ADULT WUCHERERIA-BANCROFTI; HUMAN LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS; BRUGIA-MALAYI; SCROTAL AREA; INFECTION; MICROFILAREMIA; RESPONSES; UNRESPONSIVENESS; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Our understanding of the pathogenesis of filarial lymphedema, although evolving, is still limited. Recurrent bacterial infections play a major role in the progression of lymphedema to elephantiasis, but the host and parasite factors that trigger disease development are not known. Field studies in Haiti show that lymphedema and host, responses to parasite. antigens cluster in families, consistent with the hypothesis that host genes influence lymphedema susceptibility. The recent recognition that filarial parasites harbor the endosymbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia, also raises questions about the potential contribution of the inflammatory response to Wolbachia antigens to lymphedema development. In this review we discuss, potential risk factors for lymphedema and try to integrate these in a. model of pathogenesis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Human Genet, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Cell Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis F13, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 46 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-414-5 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 979 BP 131 EP 142 PG 12 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BW05J UT WOS:000180751900014 PM 12543723 ER PT S AU Olszewski, W Lammie, P Gashev, A Padera, T Rosen, E Mouta, C Oliver, G Simonian, S Gashev Miller, A Gannon, B Wilting, J AF Olszewski, W Lammie, P Gashev, A Padera, T Rosen, E Mouta, C Oliver, G Simonian, S Gashev Miller, A Gannon, B Wilting, J BE Rockson, SG TI Aspects of lymphatic biology and disease - Panel discussion SO LYMPHATIC CONTINUUM: LYMPHATIC BIOLOGY AND DISEASE SE Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on the Lymphatic Continuum CY MAY 03-04, 2002 CL NIH NATCHER CTR, BETHESDA, MD HO NIH NATCHER CTR C1 Polish Acad Sci, PL-00901 Warsaw, Poland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Beth Israel Deaconess Med Ctr, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Maine Med Ctr, Res Inst, Portland, ME 04102 USA. St Jude Childrens Res Hosp, Memphis, TN 38105 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Flinders Univ S Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. Univ Gottingen, D-3400 Gottingen, Germany. RP Olszewski, W (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, PL-00901 Warsaw, Poland. NR 0 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU NEW YORK ACAD SCIENCES PI NEW YORK PA 2 EAST 63RD ST, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0077-8923 BN 1-57331-415-3 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2002 VL 979 BP 188 EP 196 PG 9 WC Immunology; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Immunology; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BW05J UT WOS:000180751900019 ER PT J AU Xiao, LH Rafi-Janajreh, A Patterson, P Zhou, ZY Lal, AA AF Xiao, LH Rafi-Janajreh, A Patterson, P Zhou, ZY Lal, AA TI Adjuvants and malaria vaccine development SO MALARIA IMMUNOLOGY, 2ND EDITION SE CHEMICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; NITRIC-OXIDE PRODUCTION; BLOOD-STAGE MALARIA; T-CELL RESPONSES; MULTIPLE ANTIGEN CONSTRUCT; IMMUNE EFFECTOR MECHANISMS; BLOCK-COPOLYMER ADJUVANT; PHASE-I SAFETY; CIRCUMSPOROZOITE-PROTEIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mol Vaccine Sect, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop F-12, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 104 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1015-0145 J9 CHEM IMMUNOL JI Chem.Immunol. PY 2002 VL 80 BP 343 EP 365 PG 23 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA BU66Z UT WOS:000176677300018 PM 12058649 ER PT J AU Gardenal, CN Chiappero, MB D'Oro, GMD Mills, JN AF Gardenal, CN Chiappero, MB D'Oro, GMD Mills, JN TI Allozymic polymorphism and genetic differentiation among populations of Calomys musculinus and Calomys laucha (Rodentia : Muridae) from eastern Argentina SO MAMMALIAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calomys; allozyme variation; genetic differentiation ID PROTEIN POLYMORPHISM; CRICETIDAE; HETEROZYGOSITY; DISTANCE AB The genetic variability and divergence among natural populations of Calomys musculinus and C. laucha from eastern Argentina were examined by protein electrophoresis of 24 loci. High levels of genetic variability were found in both species when compared to other rodents and mammals. Mean expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.112 to 0.156, proportion of polymorphic loci (P-95%) from 37.5% to 50% and mean number of alleles per Locus (A) of 1.6-1.7 for C. musculinus. He from 0.097 to 0.126, P-95% from 34.8 to 39.1 and A from 1.7 to 1.9 were the values for C. laucha. Populations of this last species revealed a higher degree of geographical differentiation (theta = 0.017, P < 0.05) than those of C. musculinus (theta = 0.002, P > 0.05). These results are in agreement with the known social structure and habitat of both species. C. musculinus is an opportunistic species, with a Loose social structure and a predominance of transient over resident animals, indicating a high ambulatory activity. C. laucha, on the contrary, inhabits almost exclusively cultivated fields, and evidence of social stratification has been reported for this species. C1 Natl Univ Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Quim, Catedra Quim Biol, RA-5016 Cordoba, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gardenal, CN (reprint author), Natl Univ Cordoba, Fac Ciencias Quim, Catedra Quim Biol, Casilla Correo 35,Sucursal 16, RA-5016 Cordoba, Argentina. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA BRANCH OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, D-07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 1616-5047 J9 MAMM BIOL JI Mamm. Biol. PY 2002 VL 67 IS 5 BP 294 EP 303 DI 10.1078/1616-5047-00044 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 601QR UT WOS:000178459300005 ER PT B AU Richmond, JR AF Richmond, JR BE Dando, MR Klement, C Negut, M Pearson, GS TI The US select agent and laboratory registration program SO MAXIMIZING THE SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT BENEFITS FROM THE BIOLOGICAL AND TOXIN WEAPONS CONVENTION SE NATO SCIENCE SERIES, PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1: DISARMAMENT TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Maximizing the Security and Development Benefits from the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention CY 2000 CL PIESTANY, SLOVAKIA SP NATO C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Richmond, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Hlth & Safety, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE MSF 05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 1-4020-0912-7 J9 NATO SCI PRT 1 DISAR PY 2002 VL 36 BP 259 EP 271 PG 13 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA BV89V UT WOS:000180343900021 ER PT J AU Santelli, J Klein, J Graff, C Allan, M Elster, A AF Santelli, J Klein, J Graff, C Allan, M Elster, A TI Reliability in adolescent reporting of clinician counseling, health care use, and health behaviors SO MEDICAL CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Health-Services-Research CY JUN 27-29, 1999 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Assoc Hlth Serv Res DE adolescent; counseling; health services; reliability ID PREVENTIVE SERVICES; HIGH AGREEMENT; LOW KAPPA; PARADOXES AB BACKGROUND: Accurate measures of health-care use by adolescents would be useful in managed care quality assurance, public health surveillance, and health-care research. OBJECTIVE: To assess test-retest reliability and factors associated with reliability of adolescent reports of clinician counseling, preventive health services, and health behaviors. RESEARCH DESIGN: A convenience sample of high school students (N = 253) completed identical paper-and-pencil surveys in school and 2 weeks apart. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the influence on response reliability of individual factors and question item characteristics. Reliability was assessed using Cohen kappa. RESULTS: K values for specific questions varied widely (0.94-0.33). Median K values for behavioral, counseling, and health-service questions were 0.74, 0.63, 0.56, respectively. Lower sentence complexity, certain time frames (ever, age at first occurrence, last time), and behavioral question type were associated with greater reliability in adolescent reporting (final model R-2 = 0.54). Adolescents' age and ethnicity were not predictive of reliability, though girls were slightly more reliable reporters than boys. Overall, the prevalence of responses at times 1 and 2 were similar; 95% of responses at time 2 were within 5 percentage points of time-1 estimates (SD = 2.4). CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of adolescent reporting was strongly influenced by question characteristics such as sentence complexity and time frame; these should be carefully considered in the construction of questionnaires for adolescents. Adolescents can be an accurate source of health-care service data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Rochester, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Strong Childrens Res Ctr,Div Adolescent Med, Rochester, NY 14642 USA. Amer Med Assoc, Chicago, IL 60610 USA. RP Santelli, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K20, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0025-7079 J9 MED CARE JI Med. Care PD JAN PY 2002 VL 40 IS 1 BP 26 EP 37 DI 10.1097/00005650-200201000-00005 PG 12 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507DD UT WOS:000173011000005 PM 11748424 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Gilchrist, J Stroup, DF Kimsey, CD AF Thacker, SB Gilchrist, J Stroup, DF Kimsey, CD TI The prevention of shin splints in sports: a systematic review of literature SO MEDICINE AND SCIENCE IN SPORTS AND EXERCISE LA English DT Review DE injury; lower extremity; athletes ID EXERCISE-RELATED INJURIES; INTRINSIC RISK-FACTORS; AUSTRALIAN ARMY RECRUITS; LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURIES; TIBIAL STRESS SYNDROME; LOWER-LIMB INJURIES; RUNNING INJURIES; OVERUSE INJURIES; PHYSICAL-FITNESS; LIFE STRESS AB Purpose: To review the published and unpublished evidence regarding risk factors associated with shin splints, assess the effectiveness of prevention strategies, and offer evidence-based recommendations to coaches, athletes, and researchers. Methods: We searched electronic data bases without language restriction, identified citations from reference sections of research papers retrieved. contacted experts in the field. and searched the Cochrane Collaboration, Of the 199 citations identified, we emphasized results of the four reports that compared methods to prevent shin splints. We assessed the methodologic quality of these reports by, using a standardized instrument, Results: The use of shock-absorbent insoles, foam heel pads, heel cord stretching. alternative footwear, as well as graduated running programs among military recruits have undergone assessment in controlled trials. There is no strong support for any of these interventions, and each of the four controlled trials is limited methodologically, Median quality scores in these four studies ranged from 29 to 47, and serious flaws in study design, control of bias, and statistical methods were identified. Conclusion: Our review yielded little objective evidence to support widespread use of any existing interventions to prevent shin splints. The most encouraging evidence for effective prevention of shin splint, involves the use of shock-absorbing insoles. However, serious flaws in study design and implementation constrain the work in this field thus far. A rigorously implemented research program is critically needed to address this common sports medicine problem. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, C08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 163 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 21 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-9131 J9 MED SCI SPORT EXER JI Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 34 IS 1 BP 32 EP 40 DI 10.1097/00005768-200201000-00006 PG 9 WC Sport Sciences SC Sport Sciences GA 510FA UT WOS:000173197000006 PM 11782644 ER PT J AU Schendel, DE Schuchat, A Thorsen, P AF Schendel, DE Schuchat, A Thorsen, P TI Public health issues related to infection in pregnancy and cerebral palsy SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE intrauterine infection; cerebral palsy; Group B streptococcus; public health ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; B STREPTOCOCCAL DISEASE; WHITE-MATTER LESIONS; RISK-FACTORS; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; PRETERM LABOR; INTRAUTERINE INFECTION; INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; PREVENTION STRATEGIES AB Cerebral palsy is the most common neuromotor developmental disability of childhood, affecting as many as 8,000 to 12,000 children born in the U.S. each year (corresponding to a prevalence rate of between 2 and 3 per 1000 children). Recent improvements in neonatal care have not resulted in a decline in the overall prevalence of cerebral palsy and, in fact, greater numbers of very preterm/very low birth weight infants are surviving with cerebral palsy and other developmental problems. infection in pregnancy may be an important cause of the disorder. In preterm infants, there appears to be about a 2-fold increased risk for cerebral palsy from choricamnionitis, and in term infants the estimated increased risk is about 4-fold. Provisionally, chorioamnionitis might account for 12% of spastic cerebral palsy in term infants and 28% of cerebral palsy in preterm infants. Studies of biochemical markers of fetal inflammation typically associated with infection also suggest that an inflammatory response may be an important independent etiologic factor. if a substantial proportion of cerebra; palsy is attributable to acute amnionitis infection and/or neonatal sepsis, cerebral palsy should have decreased in the United States after administration of intrapartum antibiotics became widespread in response to publication of public health consensus guidelines for Group B streptococcus in 1996. However, failure to detect declines could have a number of explanations and these explanations illustrate the many public health challenges related to intrauterine infection and cerebral palsy. Given the gaps in our current knowledge about intrauterine infection and cerebral palsy, public health recommendations for timely and specific prevention activities are limited at this time, (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CDCP, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schendel, DE (reprint author), CDCP, Div Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mailstop F15, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 71 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1080-4013 J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. PY 2002 VL 8 IS 1 BP 39 EP 45 DI 10.1002/mrdd.10011 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 527NY UT WOS:000174193200007 PM 11921385 ER PT J AU Yeargin-Allsopp, M Boyle, C AF Yeargin-Allsopp, M Boyle, C TI Overview: The epidemiology of neurodevelopmental disorders SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Yeargin-Allsopp, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, MS F-15,4770 Baford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1080-4013 J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 113 EP 116 DI 10.1002/mrdd.10030 PG 4 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 588ZQ UT WOS:000177733100001 PM 12216055 ER PT J AU Rowland, AS Lesesne, CA Abramowitz, AJ AF Rowland, AS Lesesne, CA Abramowitz, AJ TI The epidemiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD): A public health view SO MENTAL RETARDATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES RESEARCH REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; diagnosis; comorbidity; risk factors; conduct disorder; anxiety disorders; drug therapy ID DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER; ONTARIO CHILD HEALTH; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PSYCHIATRIC SEQUELAE; LEAD LEVELS; ADHD; COMORBIDITY; PREVALENCE; BOYS; AGE AB Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurodevelopmental disorder of childhood. However, basic information about how the prevalence of ADHD varies by race/ethnicity, sex, age, and socio-economic status remains poorly described. One reason is that difficulties in the diagnosis of ADHD have translated into difficulties developing an adequate case definition for epidemiologic studies. Diagnosis depends heavily on parent and teacher reports; no laboratory tests reliably predict ADHD. Prevalence estimates of ADHD are sensitive to who is asked what, and how information is combined. Consequently, recent systematic reviews report ADHD prevalence estimates as wide as 2%-18%. The diagnosis of ADHD is complicated by the frequent occurrence of comorbid conditions such as learning disability, conduct disorder, and anxiety disorder. Symptoms of these conditions may also mimic ADHD. Nevertheless, we suggest that developing an adequate epidemiologic case definition based on current diagnostic criteria is possible and is a prerequisite for further developing the epidemiology of ADHD. The etiology of ADHD is not known but recent studies suggest both a strong genetic link as well as environmental factors such as history of preterm delivery and perhaps, maternal smoking during pregnancy. Children and teenagers with ADHD use health and mental health services more often than their peers and engage in more health threatening behaviors such as smoking, and alcohol and substance abuse. Better methods are needed for monitoring the prevalence and understanding the public health implications of ADHD. Stimulant medication is the treatment of choice for treating ADHD but psychosocial interventions may also be warranted if comordid disorders are present. The treatment of ADHD is controversial because of the high prevalence of medication treatment. Epidemiologic studies could clarify whether the patterns of ADHD diagnosis and treatment in community settings is appropriate. Population-based epidemiologic studies may shed important new light on how we understand ADHD, its natural history, its treatment and its consequences. (C) 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ New Mexico, Dept Family & Community Med, MPH Program, Ctr Hlth Sci, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Psychiat & Behav Sci, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Rowland, AS (reprint author), Univ New Mexico, Dept Family & Community Med, MPH Program, Ctr Hlth Sci, 2400 Tucker NE, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NR 74 TC 199 Z9 210 U1 12 U2 69 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 1080-4013 J9 MENT RETARD DEV D R JI Ment. Retard. Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev. PY 2002 VL 8 IS 3 BP 162 EP 170 DI 10.1002/mrdd.10036 PG 9 WC Clinical Neurology; Neurosciences; Pediatrics; Psychiatry SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pediatrics; Psychiatry GA 588ZQ UT WOS:000177733100006 PM 12216060 ER PT S AU Piraner, O Caldwell, KL Jones, RL AF Piraner, O Caldwell, KL Jones, RL BE Khassanova, L Collery, P Maymard, I Khassanova, Z Etienne, JC TI Serum selenium and manganese analysis by ICP-DRC-MS SO METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, VOL 7 SE METAL IONS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine CY MAY 05-09, 2002 CL ST PETERSBURG UNIV, ST PETERSBURG, RUSSIA SP Bashkir State Pedag Univ, Publishing House, Alpha Color, Publishing House, Belaya Reka HO ST PETERSBURG UNIV C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Piraner, O (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F18, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN LIBBEY EUROTEXT PI MONTROUGE PA 127 AVE DE LA REPUBLIQUE, 92120 MONTROUGE, FRANCE SN 1257-2535 BN 2-7420-0429-7 J9 METAL IONS BIOL MED PY 2002 VL 7 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA BW97U UT WOS:000183835700004 ER PT J AU Morris, A Ben Beard, C Huang, L AF Morris, A Ben Beard, C Huang, L TI Update on the epidemiology and transmission of Pneumocystis carinii SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Review DE Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; epidemiology; disease transmission ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; DIHYDROPTEROATE SYNTHASE GENE; HEALTH-CARE WORKERS; DNA AMPLIFICATION; AIDS PATIENTS; SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS; ANTIGENIC VARIATION; HIV-INFECTION; UNITED-STATES; PNEUMONIA AB Although Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, many questions about its epidemiology and transmission remain unanswered. Whereas traditional theory postulates that the disease results from reactivation of latent infection, recent data suggest that active acquisition of infection, either through environmental exposure or person-to-person transmission, may occur. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge about the epidemiology and transmission of P. carinii and reports on evolving techniques that may improve our understanding of this organism in the future. (C) 2002 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Montefiore Univ Hosp 628 NW, Ctr Med, Div Pulm Allergy & Crit Care Med,Dept Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morris, A (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. NR 65 TC 43 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 4 IS 1 BP 95 EP 103 AR PII S1286-4579(01)01514-3 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01514-3 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 522UV UT WOS:000173916100012 PM 11825780 ER PT J AU Xu, JP Luo, GZ Vilgalys, RJ Brandt, ME Mitchell, TG AF Xu, JP Luo, GZ Vilgalys, RJ Brandt, ME Mitchell, TG TI Multiple origins of hybrid strains of Cryptococcus neoformans with serotype AD SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE lactase; gene genealogy; multiple hybridizations ID FILOBASIDIELLA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCES AB Cryptococcus neoformans is a major pathogen of humans throughout the world. Using commercial mAbs to capsular epitopes, strains of C: neoformans manifest five distinct serotypes-A, B, C, D and AD. Previous studies demonstrated significant divergence among serotypes A, B, C and D, which are thought to be haploid. In this study the origins and evolution of strains of serotype AD were investigated. A portion (537 bp) of the lactase gene was cloned and sequenced from 14 strains of serotype AD. Each strain contained tyro different alleles and sequences for both alleles were obtained. These sequences were compared to those from serotypes A, B, C and D. This analysis indicated that each of the 14 serotype AD strains contained two phylogenetically distinct haplotypes: one haplotype was highly similar to the serotype A group and the other to the serotype D group. To explain the origins of these serotype AD strains, genealogical analysis is consistent with at least three recent and independent hybridization events. The results demonstrate that the evolution of C. neoformans is continuing and dynamic. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Microbiol, Durham, NC 27710 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Xu, JP (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Biol, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada. RI Mitchell, Thomas/A-2356-2008 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI 25783, AI 44975] NR 22 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD JAN PY 2002 VL 148 BP 203 EP 212 PN 1 PG 10 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 513AE UT WOS:000173355100021 PM 11782512 ER PT S AU Schneider, BH Quinn, FD Shafer, DA AF Schneider, BH Quinn, FD Shafer, DA BE Kordal, R Usmani, A Law, WT TI Low-density array optical chip technology for the detection of biomolecules SO MICROFABRICATED SENSORS: APPLICATIONS OF OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY FOR DNA ANALYSIS SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 219th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 26-30, 2000 CL SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA SP Amer Chem Soc ID MACH-ZEHNDER INTERFEROMETER; REAL-TIME ANALYSIS; GRATING COUPLER; DIFFERENCE INTERFEROMETER; AFFINITY SENSOR; RESONANT MIRROR; LABEL-FREE; IMMUNOSENSOR; BIOSENSOR; QUANTIFICATION AB Optical chips based on interferometric detection of biomolecular binding interactions provide a basis for lowdensity array sensors for protein and nucleic acid analysis. The refractometric sensing principle of this device allows real-time detection for analytes in the picomolar concentration range, while the use of antibody conjugates of high refractive index nanoparticles results in additional detection sensitivity enhancements of several orders of magnitude. Assay formats have been adapted to the different requirements of bioassays, including rapid, one-step immunoassays in serum and whole blood, and the discrimination of mycobacterial RNA samples without target amplification. C1 Photon Sensor, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schneider, BH (reprint author), Photon Sensor, 2930 Amwiler Court,Suite A, Atlanta, GA 30360 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 0-8412-3763-8 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2002 VL 815 BP 107 EP 128 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BU35B UT WOS:000175745500007 ER PT J AU Hyams, KC Barrett, DH Duque, D Engel, CC Friedl, K Gray, G Hogan, B Hyams, KC Kaforski, G Murphy, F North, R Riddle, J Ryan, MAK Trump, DH Wells, J AF Hyams, KC Barrett, DH Duque, D Engel, CC Friedl, K Gray, G Hogan, B Hyams, KC Kaforski, G Murphy, F North, R Riddle, J Ryan, MAK Trump, DH Wells, J TI The recruit assessment program: A program to collect comprehensive baseline health data from US military personnel SO MILITARY MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Pilot testing has begun on the Recruit Assessment Program (RAP). The RAP is a proposed Department of Defense (DoD) program for the routine collection of baseline demographic, medical, psychosocial, occupational, and health risk factor data from all U.S. military personnel at entry into the armed forces. The RAP currently uses an optically scannable paper questionnaire, which will provide data for the first building block of an electronic medical record within the DoD and the Department of Veterans Affairs. The RAP will serve several important functions, including automating enrollment into the military health care system, improving patient care and preventive medicine efforts, and providing critical data for investigations of health problems among military personnel and veterans. If the feasibility of the RAP is demonstrated and the program is fully implemented throughout the DoD, it could provide a substantial improvement in health care delivery. For the first time, DoD and Department of Veterans Affairs physicians, public health officers, and researchers will have access to comprehensive baseline health status data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Air Educ & Training Command, San Antonio, TX USA. Walter Reed Army Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20307 USA. USA, Med Res & Mat Command, Ft Detrick, MD USA. USN, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, Hlth Res Ctr, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. USN, Dept Epidemiol, Med Res Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. USN, Recruit Training Command, Great Lakes, IL USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Washington, DC USA. Pentagon, Off Assistant Secretary Def Hlth Affairs, Washington, DC USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA, Ctr Hlth Promot & Prevent Med, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. RP Hyams, KC (reprint author), Vet Affairs Cent Off 13, 810 Vermont Ave NW, Washington, DC 20420 USA. OI Friedl, Karl/0000-0002-3134-8427 NR 13 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ASSN MILITARY SURG US PI BETHESDA PA 9320 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0026-4075 J9 MIL MED JI Milit. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 167 IS 1 BP 44 EP 47 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 653DM UT WOS:000181420000009 PM 11799812 ER PT J AU Austin, GE Bhatnagar, J AF Austin, GE Bhatnagar, J TI Immunohistochemical detection of carcinoembryonic antigen in esophageal carcinomas: A comparison with other gastrointestinal neoplasms SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Atlanta VA Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 MA 510 BP 123A EP 123A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 513QD UT WOS:000173388900527 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Bartlett, J Whitney, EAS Raghunathan, PL Stienstra, Y Asamoa, K King, CH Ashford, DA AF Guarner, J Bartlett, J Whitney, EAS Raghunathan, PL Stienstra, Y Asamoa, K King, CH Ashford, DA TI Histopathologic features of Mycobacterium ulcerans infection SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Groningen Hosp, Groningen, Netherlands. Minist Hlth, Accra, Ghana. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Stienstra, Ymkje/F-2222-2010; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 OI Stienstra, Ymkje/0000-0002-8844-8859; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 MA 1132 BP 273A EP 273A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 513QD UT WOS:000173388901155 ER PT J AU Shieh, WJ Gentsch, J Ferebee-Harris, T Tatti, K Bresee, J Lynch, M Hummelman, E Jiang, B Glass, R Guarner, J Zaki, SR AF Shieh, WJ Gentsch, J Ferebee-Harris, T Tatti, K Bresee, J Lynch, M Hummelman, E Jiang, B Glass, R Guarner, J Zaki, SR TI Pathologic studies of intussusception among recipients of rheusus rotavirus vaccine SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Tatti, Kathleen/H-5912-2012 OI Tatti, Kathleen/0000-0001-9414-7887 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 MA 1137 BP 274A EP 274A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 513QD UT WOS:000173388901160 ER PT J AU Torres-Velez, FJ Nace, EK Won, KY Bartlett, J Eberhard, M Guarner, J AF Torres-Velez, FJ Nace, EK Won, KY Bartlett, J Eberhard, M Guarner, J TI Development of an immunohistochemistry assay for detection of babesiosis in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and blood smears SO MODERN PATHOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK ST, 9TH FLR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 0893-3952 EI 1530-0285 J9 MODERN PATHOL JI Mod. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 MA 1141 BP 275A EP 275A PG 1 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 513QD UT WOS:000173388901164 ER PT J AU Escalante, AA Grebert, HM Chaiyaroj, SC Riggione, F Biswas, S Nahlen, BL Lal, AA AF Escalante, AA Grebert, HM Chaiyaroj, SC Riggione, F Biswas, S Nahlen, BL Lal, AA TI Polymorphism in the gene encoding the Pfs48/45 antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. XI. Asembo Bay Cohort Project SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; transmission-blocking; genetic diversity; vaccine; Plasmodium; geographic variation ID BLOCKING VACCINE CANDIDATE; NATURAL-SELECTION; NUCLEOTIDE SUBSTITUTIONS; STATISTICAL TESTS; DNA POLYMORPHISM; TARGET ANTIGENS; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; EVOLUTION; RECOMBINATION AB We have investigated the genetic diversity of the gene encoding the transmission-blocking vaccine antigen Pfs48/45 of Plasmodium falciparum parasites from western Kenya and compared it with parasite populations front Thailand, India, and Venezuela. We report 44 complete new sequences. Overall, the antigen is less polymorphic as compared with other pre-ecrythrocytic and blood stage antigens. Contrary to other P. falciparum antigens, the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site exceeds the number of non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site. We have found that the Pfs48/45 gene of Kenyan parasites is more polymorphic than parasites from other geographic origins. Our analysis reveals that positive natural selection is involved in the maintenance of the observed polymorphism. No evidence of intragenic recombination was found. F-st values reveal high levels of gene flow between India and Thailand, however, there are strong constraints in gene flow among Kenyan, Southeast Asian, and Venezuelan parasites. No alleles could be linked to a specific geographic region. The results of this study suggest that this gametocyte antigen, like other asexual blood stage antigens, is under selection pressure. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, Miami, FL 33166 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Mahidol Univ, Bangkok 10700, Thailand. Cent Univ Venezuela, Cavacas, Venezuela. Indian Council Med Res, Malaria Res Ctr, New Delhi, India. RP Escalante, AA (reprint author), Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Ecol, 8424 NW,56 St,Suite CCS 00206, Miami, FL 33166 USA. FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM060740-02, R01 GM60740-01] NR 38 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 119 IS 1 BP 17 EP 22 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(01)00386-3 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 514UW UT WOS:000173460300003 PM 11755182 ER PT J AU Sivakumaran, K Chen, MH Roossinck, MJ Kao, CC AF Sivakumaran, K Chen, MH Roossinck, MJ Kao, CC TI Core promoter for initiation of Cucumber mosaic virus subgenomic RNA4A SO MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article ID IN-VITRO; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; POLYMERASE; DETERMINANTS; REPLICATION; REQUIREMENT; RECOGNITION; EFFICIENT; EVOLUTION; MOVEMENT AB The core subgenomic promoter for the initiation of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) RNA4A was characterized in vitro using a template-dependent RNA synthesis assay and variants of the core promoter RNAs. The minimal sequence required for specific initiation from the cytidylate (T1) used in vivo consists of 31-nucleotides (nt) 3' of T1 and a 13 nt template sequence. This 44 nt RNA was found to provide three elements that contribute to efficient initiation of RNA4A synthesis by the CMV replicase: a stem-loop secondary structure 3' of T1, a template sequence that is rich in adenylates and uridylates, and T1 in an unbase-paired sequence. C1 Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Noble Fdn Inc, Ardmore, OK 73402 USA. RP Kao, CC (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Dept Biol, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1464-6722 J9 MOL PLANT PATHOL JI Mol. Plant Pathol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 3 IS 1 BP 43 EP 52 DI 10.1046/j.1464-6722.2001.00089.x PG 10 WC Plant Sciences SC Plant Sciences GA 579MZ UT WOS:000177183600005 PM 20569307 ER PT J AU DeStefano, F AF DeStefano, F TI MMR vaccine and autism: a review of the evidence for a causal association SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Microbiology Immunology and Toxicology of Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders CY FEB 11-14, 2001 CL COLD SPRING HARBOR, NEW YORK ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; RUBELLA VACCINE; MEASLES-VIRUS; MUMPS; CHILDREN C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1359-4184 J9 MOL PSYCHIATR JI Mol. Psychiatr. PY 2002 VL 7 SU 2 BP S51 EP S52 DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001181 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 579AZ UT WOS:000177154400023 PM 12142951 ER PT J AU Yeargin-Allsopp, M AF Yeargin-Allsopp, M TI Past and future perspectives in autism epidemiology SO MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Microbiology Immunology and Toxicology of Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders CY FEB 11-14, 2001 CL COLD SPRING HARBOR, NEW YORK ID PREVALENCE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Yeargin-Allsopp, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1359-4184 J9 MOL PSYCHIATR JI Mol. Psychiatr. PY 2002 VL 7 SU 2 BP S9 EP S11 DI 10.1038/sj.mp.4001164 PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences; Psychiatry SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Neurosciences & Neurology; Psychiatry GA 579AZ UT WOS:000177154400005 PM 12142933 ER PT J AU Gerrity, TR Bates, J Bell, DS Chrousos, G Furst, G Hedrick, T Hurwitz, B Kula, RW Levine, SM Moore, RC Schondorf, R AF Gerrity, TR Bates, J Bell, DS Chrousos, G Furst, G Hedrick, T Hurwitz, B Kula, RW Levine, SM Moore, RC Schondorf, R TI Chronic fatigue syndrome: What role does the autonomic nervous system play in the pathophysiology of this complex illness? SO NEUROIMMUNOMODULATION LA English DT Review DE chronic fatigue syndrome; autonomic nervous system; orthostatic hypotension; neuroendocrine system; immune system AB Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a serious health concern affecting over 800,000 Americans of all ages, races and socioeconomic groups and both genders. The etiology and pathophysiology of CFS are unknown, yet studies have suggested an involvement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). A symposium was organized in December 2000 to explore the possibility of an association between ANS dysfunction and CFS, with special emphasis on the interactions between ANS dysfunction and other abnormalities noted in the immune and endocrine systems of individuals with CFS. This paper represents the consensus of the panel of experts who participated in this meeting. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33152 USA. Long Isl Coll Hosp, New York, NY USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. RP Gerrity, TR (reprint author), Care Of Walker Vicki, CFIDS Assoc Amer Inc, POB 220398, Charlotte, NC 28222 USA. NR 3 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1021-7401 J9 NEUROIMMUNOMODULAT JI Neuroimmunomodulation PY 2002 VL 10 IS 3 BP 134 EP 141 DI 10.1159/000067176 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Immunology; Neurosciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Immunology; Neurosciences & Neurology GA 632UK UT WOS:000180241400003 PM 12481153 ER PT J AU Little, AR Benkovic, SA Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Little, AR Benkovic, SA Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP TI Chemically induced neuronal damage and gliosis: Enhanced expression of the proinflammatory chemokine, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, without a corresponding increase in proinflammatory cytokines SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interleukin-1 beta; glial fibrillary acidic protein; inflammation; gliosis ID EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; MULTIPLE-SCLEROSIS LESIONS; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; RAT-BRAIN; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; GENE-EXPRESSION; GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE AB Enhanced expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines has long been linked to neuronal and glial responses to brain injury. Indeed, inflammation in the brain has been associated with damage that stems from conditions as diverse as infection, multiple sclerosis, trauma, and excitotoxicity. In many of these brain injuries, disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may allow entry of blood-borne factors that contribute to, or serve as the basis of, brain inflammatory responses. Administration of trimethyltin (TMT) to the rat results in loss of hippocampal neurons and an ensuing gliosis without BBB compromise. We used the TMT damage model to discover the proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are expressed in response to neuronal injury. TMT caused pyramidal cell damage within 3 days and a substantial loss of these neurons by 21 days post dosing. Marked microglial activation and astrogliosis were evident over the same time period. The BBB remained intact despite the presence of multiple indicators of TMT-induced neuropathology. TMT caused large increases in whole hippocampal-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 mRNA (1000%) by day 3 and in MCP-1 (300%) by day 7. The mRNA levels for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6, cytokines normally expressed during the earliest stage of inflammation, were not increased up to 21 days post dosing. Lipopolysaccharide, used as a positive control, caused large inductions of cytokine mRNA in liver, as well as an increase in IL-1beta in hippocampus, but it did not result in the induction of astrogliosis. The data suggest that enhanced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, is not required for neuronal and glial responses to injury and that MCP-1 may serve a signaling function in the damaged CNS that is distinct from its role in proinflammatory events. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of IBRO. C1 NIOSH, TMBB, HELD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, TMBB, HELD, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Little, Roger/O-6191-2014 OI Little, Roger/0000-0001-6831-0177 NR 73 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PY 2002 VL 115 IS 1 BP 307 EP 320 AR PII S0306-4522(02)00359-7 DI 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00359-7 PG 14 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 615DX UT WOS:000179231500028 PM 12401343 ER PT J AU Sriram, K Benkovic, SA Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Sriram, K Benkovic, SA Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP TI Obesity exacerbates chemically induced neurodegeneration SO NEUROSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE brain; glial fibrillary acidic protein; methamphetamine; kainic acid; oxidative stress; mitochondrial dysfunction ID FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; METHAMPHETAMINE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY; INDUCED ORGAN INJURY; PARKINSONS-DISEASE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; KAINIC ACID; STRIATAL DOPAMINE; SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES; DIETARY RESTRICTION; METABOLIC INSULTS AB Obesity is a major risk factor associated with a variety of human disorders. While its involvement in disorders such as diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer have been well characterized, it remains to be determined if obesity has a detrimental effect on the nervous system. To address this issue we determined whether obesity serves as a risk factor for neurotoxicity. Model neurotoxicants, methamphetamine (METH) and kainic acid (KA), which are known to cause selective neurodegeneration of anatomically distinct areas of the brain, were evaluated using an animal model of obesity, the ob/ob mouse. Administration of METH and KA resulted in mortality among ob/ob mice but not among their lean littermates. While METH caused dopaminergic nerve terminal degeneration as indicated by decreased striatal dopamine (49%) and tyrosine hydroxylase protein (68%), as well as an increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein by 313% in the lean mice, these effects were exacerbated under the obese condition (96%, 86% and 602%, respectively). Similarly, a dosage of KA that did not increase glial fibrillary acidic protein in lean mice increased the hippocampal content of this protein (93%) in ob/ob mice. KA treatment resulted in extensive neuronal degeneration as determined by Fluoro-Jade B staining, decreased hippocampal microtubule-associated protem-2 immunoreactivity and increased reactive gliosis in ob/ob mice. The neurotoxic outcome in ob/ob mice remained exacerbated even when lean and ob/ob mice were dosed with METH or KA based only on a lean body mass. Administration of METH or KA resulted in up-regulation of the mitochondrial uncoupling protem-2 to a greater extent in the ob/ob mice, an effect known to reduce ATP yield and facilitate oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. These events may underlie the enhanced neurotoxicity seen in the obese mice. In summary, our results implicate obesity as a risk factor associated with chemical- and possibly disease-induced neurodegeneration. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of IBRO. C1 NIOSH, HELD, TMBB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, HELD, TMBB, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop L-3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 62 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0306-4522 J9 NEUROSCIENCE JI Neuroscience PY 2002 VL 115 IS 4 BP 1335 EP 1346 AR PII S0306-4522(02)00306-8 DI 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00306-8 PG 12 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 622VT UT WOS:000179668400029 PM 12453501 ER PT J AU Park, R Rice, F Stayner, L Smith, R Gilbert, S Checkoway, H AF Park, R Rice, F Stayner, L Smith, R Gilbert, S Checkoway, H TI Exposure to crystalline silica, silicosis, and lung disease other than cancer in diatomaceous earth industry workers: a quantitative risk assessment SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GOLD MINERS; RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; RESPONSE ANALYSES; POTTERY WORKERS; MORTALITY; SURVEILLANCE; COHORT AB Objectives: To estimate excess lifetime risk of (a) mortality from lung disease other than cancer (LDOC), and, (b) onset of radiographic silicosis, arising from occupational exposure to respirable crystalline silica dust. Methods: Data from a cohort of California diatomaceous earth mining and processing workers exposed to crystalline silica dust (mainly as cristobalite) were reanalyzed with Poisson regression methods with internal and external adjustments for potential confounding by calendar time, age, smoking, Hispanic ethnicity, and time since first observation. Model fit was evaluated by comparing deviances. and fitting cubic spline models. Lifetime risks of death from LDOC and radiographic silicosis were estimated up to age 85 with an actuarial approach accounting for competing causes of death. Results: For deaths due to LDOC, a linear relative rate model gave the best fit in Poisson regression analyses. At the mean cumulative exposure of LDOC cases to silica, after adjustment for smoking, the estimated rate ratio was 4.2 (p<0.0001); at the maximum cumulative exposure of cases, the rate ratio was 18.4. The excess lifetime risk for white men exposed to respirable cristobalite dust for 45 years at the current permissible exposure limit (PEL; about 0.05 mg/m(3)) of the Occupational Safety and Health, Administration was 5,411000 (95% confidence interval (95% Cl) 17 to 150). For 70 incident cases of radiographic silicosis largely manifest before the end of employment, the best fit was also the linear relative rate model, predicting a rate ratio of 25.6 for silicosis of the mean cumulative exposure of the cases (p<0.0001). The excess lifetime risk for silicosis at the current PEL was 75/1000. Conclusion: Current occupational health standards for crystalline silica permit risks of lung disease other than cancer far in excess of what is usually considered acceptable by the Occupational Safety. and Health Administration (a lifetime risk of less than one in a thousand deaths). C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Human Serv, US Dept Hlth, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Environm Hlth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Park, R (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth, MS C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. EM rhp9@cdc.gov NR 48 TC 33 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU B M J PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 59 IS 1 BP 36 EP 43 DI 10.1136/oem.59.1.36 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 511RY UT WOS:000173280400008 PM 11836467 ER PT J AU Branum, AM Schoendorf, KC AF Branum, AM Schoendorf, KC TI Changing patterns of low birthweight and preterm birth in the United States, 1981-98 SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DELAYED CHILDBEARING; WEIGHT INFANTS; PREGNANCY; OUTCOMES; FERTILIZATION; GESTATIONS; DELIVERY; RISK; AGE AB Low birthweight (LBW) and preterm birth are primary risk factors for infant morbidity and mortality in the US. With increasing multiple births and delayed childbearing, it is important to examine the separate contributions of these characteristics to the increases in LBW and preterm birth rates. US natality records from 1981, 1990 and 1998 were used to calculate LBW (% births <1500, 1500-2499, <2500 g) and preterm (1,7, births <29, 29-32, 33-36, <37 weeks gestation) rates. Data were stratified by maternal race (black or white) and plurality (singleton vs. multiple birth). LBW and preterm rates among singletons were adjusted for maternal age to examine the influence of demographic shifts on LBW trends. From 1981 to 1998, LBW increased 12% among white infants, but remained relatively stable among black infants. During the same time, preterm birth increased 23% among white infants compared with 3% among black infants. For both black and white infants, the increase in LBW and preterm births was greater among multiple births than among singletons. Adjustment for maternal age did not reduce the temporal increase in LBW or preterm birth among singletons. Black infants continue to experience a markedly higher incidence of LBW and preterm birth, but the racial gap in these outcomes has narrowed slightly in recent years as a result of increasing LBW and preterm birth among white births. The differing trends for white and black infants are the consequence of a disparate trend in the incidence and outcome of multiple births coupled with increases in LBW and preterm birth among white singletons. Understanding the differential patterns in birth outcomes among white and black infants is necessary to develop effective interventions designed to decrease racial disparities in pregnancy outcome. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Branum, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infant & Child Hlth Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Room 790, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 27 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 16 IS 1 BP 8 EP 15 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2002.00394.x PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 519ZH UT WOS:000173755000004 PM 11856451 ER PT J AU Bakardjiev, A Glaser, C Schuster, F Visvesvara, GS AF Bakardjiev, A Glaser, C Schuster, F Visvesvara, GS TI Three-year-old girl with fever and coma SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ameba; encephalitis; amebic meningoencephalitis; Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis ID BALAMUTHIA-MANDRILLARIS MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; AMEBIC MENINGOENCEPHALITIS; LEPTOMYXID-AMEBA; AGENT; ANIMALS; HUMANS C1 Childrens Hosp Oakland, Div Infect Dis, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. State Calif Dept Human Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Richmond, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bakardjiev, A (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Oakland, Div Infect Dis, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 21 IS 1 BP 75 EP + DI 10.1097/00006454-200201000-00019 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 512DT UT WOS:000173306400018 PM 11791107 ER PT J AU Ogden, CL Kuczmarski, RJ Flegal, KM Mei, Z Guo, S Wei, R Grummer-Strawn, LM Curtin, LR Roche, AF Johnson, CL AF Ogden, CL Kuczmarski, RJ Flegal, KM Mei, Z Guo, S Wei, R Grummer-Strawn, LM Curtin, LR Roche, AF Johnson, CL TI Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth charts for the United States: Improvements to the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics version SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE growth charts; stature; length; weight; body mass index; head circumference; NHANES; preschool-age children; disjunction ID LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRETERM INFANTS; VARIED SAMPLE; OVERWEIGHT; CHILDREN; LENGTH AB Objective. To present a clinical version of the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts and to compare them with the previous version, the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) growth charts. Methods. The 2000 CDC percentile curves were developed in 2 stages. In the first stage, the empirical percentiles were smoothed by a variety of parametric and nonparametric procedures. To obtain corresponding percentiles and z scores, we approximated the smoothed percentiles using a modified LMS estimation procedure in the second stage. The charts include of a set of curves for infants, birth to 36 months of age, and a set for children and adolescents, 2 to 20 years of age. Results. The charts represent a cross-section of children who live in the United States; breastfed infants are represented on the basis of their distribution in the US population. The 2000 CDC growth charts more closely match the national distribution of birth weights than did the 1977 NCHS growth charts, and the disjunction between weight-for-length and weight-for-stature or length-for-age and stature-for-age found in the 1977 charts has been corrected. Moreover, the 2000 CDC growth charts can be used to obtain both percentiles and z scores. Finally, body mass index-for-age charts are available for children and adolescents 2 to 20 years of age. Conclusion. The 2000 CDC growth charts are recommended for use in the United States. Pediatric clinics should make the transition from the 1977 NCHS to the 2000 CDC charts for routine monitoring of growth in infants, children, and adolescents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Wright State Univ, Kettering, OH USA. RP Ogden, CL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Rm 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RI Flegal, Katherine/A-4608-2013; OI Flegal, Katherine/0000-0002-0838-469X NR 34 TC 1041 Z9 1067 U1 3 U2 38 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 BP 45 EP 60 DI 10.1542/peds.109.1.45 PG 16 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 507BJ UT WOS:000173006600026 PM 11773541 ER PT J AU Grummer-Strawn, LM Garza, C Johnson, CL AF Grummer-Strawn, LM Garza, C Johnson, CL TI Childhood growth charts SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. UN Univ, Food & Nutr Program, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Grummer-Strawn, LM (reprint author), CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K25,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 BP 141 EP U115 DI 10.1542/peds.109.1.141 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 507BJ UT WOS:000173006600038 PM 11773553 ER PT J AU Fair, E Murphy, TV Golaz, A Wharton, M AF Fair, E Murphy, TV Golaz, A Wharton, M TI Philosophic objection to vaccination as a risk for tetanus among children younger than 15 years SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE tetanus; vaccination; vaccine exemption; immunization law ID UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION LAWS; MEASLES; HEALTH AB Objectives. Although safe and effective vaccines are available to protect against tetanus in the United States and vaccination rates are high, cases of tetanus among children continue to occur. The objectives of this article are to describe reported cases of tetanus in children in the United States and to identify the reasons for lack of protection against tetanus. Methods. We reviewed all cases of tetanus in children <15 years of age that were reported to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System from 1992 through 2000. Cases were defined by physician diagnosis. We verified the information in the case reports with state and local health departments. Results. From 1992 through 2000, 15 cases of tetanus in children <15 years of age were reported from 11 states. Twelve cases were in boys. Two cases were in neonates <10 days of age; the other 13 cases were in children who ranged in age from 3 to 14 years. The median length of hospitalization was 28 days; 8 children required mechanical ventilation. There were no deaths. Twelve (80%) children were unprotected because of lack of vaccination, including 1 neonate whose mother was not vaccinated. Among all unvaccinated cases, objection to vaccination, either religious or philosophic, was the reported reason for choosing not to vaccinate. Conclusion. The majority of recent cases of tetanus among children in the United States were in unvaccinated children whose parents objected to vaccination. Parents who choose not to vaccinate their children should be advised of the seriousness of the disease and be informed that tetanus is not preventable by means other than vaccination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fair, E (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis & Geog Med, 300 Pasteur Dr,Room S-143, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD JAN PY 2002 VL 109 IS 1 AR e2 DI 10.1542/peds.109.1.e2 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 507BJ UT WOS:000173006600002 PM 11773570 ER PT J AU Mullooly, JP Pearson, J Drew, L Schuler, R Maher, J Gargiullo, P DeStefano, F Chen, R AF Mullooly, JP Pearson, J Drew, L Schuler, R Maher, J Gargiullo, P DeStefano, F Chen, R CA VSD Working Grp TI Wheezing lower respiratory disease and vaccination of full-term infants SO PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY LA English DT Article DE wheezing lower respiratory disease; wheeze; vaccinations; full-term infants; vaccine safety; population-based case-control study; case-series analysis ID PERTUSSIS VACCINATION; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; ATOPIC DISORDER; YOUNG-CHILDREN; UNITED-STATES; CASE SERIES; WHOLE-CELL; IFN-GAMMA; RESPONSES AB Purpose There have been speculations that increases in vaccinations have caused recent increases in wheezing lower respiratory disease during infancy. We assess possible associations between vaccines and incidence of wheezing in full-term infants. Methods We conducted a matched case-control study of full-term infants born into the Kaiser Permanente Northwest health plan during 1991-1994 and continuously enrolled for at least 12 months (n = 1366 case-control pairs). Potential cases of wheeze were ascertained from medical care databases and verified by chart review. Vaccinations, demographic factors, and wheeze risk factors were abstracted from charts. Adjusted relative risks of first onset of wheeze during post-vaccination exposure window-were estimated by conditional logistic regression. We also conducted case-series analyses of wheeze onsets. Results We found no evidence that risk of wheeze during infancy is associated with recency of vaccination with whole-cell pertussis (DTP), hepatitis b (HBV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB), oral polio (OPV), or measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccines. We also found no evidence that risk of first wheeze is associated with exposure to HBV or MMR. Conclusions Recent increases in wheezing during infancy do not appear to be related to increases in vaccinations of fullterm infants. Published in 2002 by John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR 97227 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mullooly, JP (reprint author), Ctr Hlth Res, 3800 N Interstate Ave, Portland, OR 97227 USA. NR 31 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 1053-8569 J9 PHARMACOEPIDEM DR S JI Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 11 IS 1 BP 21 EP 30 DI 10.1002/pds.678 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 535DA UT WOS:000174628900005 PM 11998547 ER PT J AU Huang, WL Smith, CJ Walcott, CJ Grainger, J Patterson, DG AF Huang, WL Smith, CJ Walcott, CJ Grainger, J Patterson, DG TI Comparison of sample preparation and analysis using solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction to determine monohydroxy PAH in urine by GC/HRMS SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds CY SEP 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV CINCINNATI, CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Int Soc Polycycl Aromat Compounds HO UNIV CINCINNATI DE GC/MS; OHPAH; PAH; SPE; SPME; urine ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD; 1-HYDROXYPYRENE GLUCURONIDE; EXPOSED WORKERS; METABOLITES; BIOMARKER; FLUORESCENCE; SPECTROSCOPY AB Sample preparation techniques using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) are compared for the analysis of monohydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OHPAH) in human urine. Urine samples spiked with five carbon-13 labeled internal standards are first enzymatically hydrolyzed. Sixteen OHPAH from eight parent compounds (naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene,fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo[c]phenanthrene, and benz[a]anthracene) are then extracted along with the internal standards by these two different techniques. The analytes are derivatized by a silylating reagent before final analysis, Final separation and detection are performed by temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography (GC) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). The two extraction techniques are compared for sample preparation time, cost. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Huang, WL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 339 EP 351 DI 10.1080/10406630290027000 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 592QX UT WOS:000177949300016 ER PT J AU Grainger, J Li, Z Walcott, C Smith, CJ Patterson, DG King, B Gillyard, C AF Grainger, J Li, Z Walcott, C Smith, CJ Patterson, DG King, B Gillyard, C TI Isomer identification of monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites by gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy SO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds CY SEP 09-13, 2001 CL UNIV CINCINNATI, CINCINNATI, OHIO SP Int Soc Polycycl Aromat Compounds HO UNIV CINCINNATI DE carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; hydroxy-polyaromatic hydrocarbon metabolites; (PAHm); isomer identification ID DIFFERENTIATION; EXPOSURE; URINE; BENZO(A)PYRENE AB The foundation for a systematic approach utilizing spectral/structural correlations was established for unambiguous identification of monohydroxylated polyaromatic hydrocarbon metabolite (PAHm) isomers. Using elements of a theoretical/empirical valence-bond model developed earlier in our laboratory for isomer identification of chlorinated dibenz-o-p-dioxin isomers, both gas chromatography/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (GC/FTIR) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (C-13 NMR) spectroscopy were employed for PAHm isomer identification. Results indicate that PAHm isomers also can be systematically identified by these techniques. However, many of the parameters leading to the success of the dioxin analysis (high symmetry of the parent dioxin molecule and laterally stabilized delocalization from chlorine substituents through ether linkage oxonium ions) are not generally present in the PAHm ring systems under investigation. The observed infrared parameters in PAH metabolites are C-O stretch, O-H stretching and bending vibrations, along with C=C skeletal stretching vibrations. In addition, C-13 NMR parameters such as chemical shift perturbations for carbons adjacent to functional groups have been observed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Spelman Coll, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30314 USA. RP Grainger, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Buford Highway,F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1040-6638 J9 POLYCYCL AROMAT COMP JI Polycycl. Aromat. Compd. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 3-4 BP 489 EP 500 DI 10.1080/10406630290103681 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Organic SC Chemistry GA 592QX UT WOS:000177949300028 ER PT B AU Leitch, GJ Scanlon, M Shaw, A Visvesvara, GS Gunter-Smith, P AF Leitch, GJ Scanlon, M Shaw, A Visvesvara, GS Gunter-Smith, P GP MONDUZZI EDITORE MONDUZZI EDITORE MONDUZZI EDITORE TI Infection of Caco-2 cells with the microsporidia, Encephalitozoon intestinalis SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF PARASITOLOGY-ICOPA X: SYMPOSIA, WORKSHOPS AND CONTRIBUTED PAPERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Congress of Parasitology (ICOPA X) CY AUG 04-09, 2002 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA SP Canadian Soc Zool, Amer Soc Parasitol AB The microsporidia, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, was used to infect Caco-2 cell cultures. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy and confocal microscopy indicated that infected cells became grossly enlarged and lost their brush border and apical ezrin. As infection of the culture progressed, the transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) decreased and paracellular permeability to a 10kD fluorescent dextran probe increased. Consistent with the increased paracellular permeability, confocal microscopy indicated that in heavily infected cells there was redistribution of tight junction (TJ) occludin and to a lesser extent ZO-1. However the fencing function of the enterocyte TJ was retained. The E. intestinalis infection was also associated with an enterocyte inflammatory response as evidenced by IL-8 production. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Morehouse Sch Med,Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Leitch, GJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Morehouse Sch Med,Dept Physiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY BN 88-323-2804-6 PY 2002 BP 567 EP 571 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA BV33N UT WOS:000178613200098 ER PT B AU Gregory, E Wirth, O Cutlip, RG AF Gregory, E Wirth, O Cutlip, RG BE Moxon, K ElSherif, D Kanakasabai, S TI Training and quantifying voluntary plantar-flexor movements of rats SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE 28TH ANNUAL NORTHEAST BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE 28th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference CY APR 20-21, 2002 CL DREXEL UNIV, PHILADELPHIA, PA SP IEEE EMBS, Exponent, GE Global Res Ctr, Johnson & Johnson, Merck Res Labs, Orthovita, Pfizer HO DREXEL UNIV ID EXERCISE AB The present paper describes a rat preparation that was designed to produce voluntary plantar-flexor movements under precise constraints and to record various movement parameters. Sixteen rats were trained with operant conditioning techniques and food rewards to voluntarily and repeatedly enter a vertical tube, insert its head into a ring, lift the ring until its nose interrupted an infrared detector, and then lower the ring. The apparatus and training procedures were computer automated. Results demonstrate the ability of this preparation to precisely control and record the dynamics of a repetitive lifting and lowering movement of the lower limbs applicable to studies of muscle adaptation or injury. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Gregory, E (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1095 Don Nehlen Dr,MS 2027, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 0-7803-7419-3 PY 2002 BP 95 EP 96 DI 10.1109/NEBC.2002.999482 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BU42Z UT WOS:000175970000048 ER PT J AU Sobel, J Griffin, PM Slutsker, L Swerdlow, DL Tauxe, RV AF Sobel, J Griffin, PM Slutsker, L Swerdlow, DL Tauxe, RV TI Investigation of multistate foodborne disease outbreaks SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; SALMONELLA-ENTERITIDIS INFECTIONS; HEMOLYTIC UREMIC SYNDROME; 0157-H7 INFECTIONS; WASHINGTON-STATE; APPLE CIDER; SURVEILLANCE; SEROTYPE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SYSTEM AB The U.S. food supply is characterized increasingly by centralized production and wide distribution of products, and more foodborne disease outbreaks are dispersed over broad geographic areas. Such outbreaks may present as a gradual, diffuse, and initially unapparent increase in sporadic cases. Recognition and reporting by clinicians and local public health officials and the ordering of laboratory tests by clinicians continue to be cornerstones of detecting all outbreaks. New methods-such as active laboratory-based surveillance, automated algorithms for detecting increases in infection rates, and molecular subtyping-facilitate detection of diffuse outbreaks. Routines have evolved for the investigation of multistate outbreaks; they are characterized by rapid communication between local, state, and federal public health officials; timely review of epidemiologic data by expert panels; collaboration on tracebacks with food safety regulatory agencies; and communication with the public and media. Rapid, efficient investigation of multistate outbreaks may result in control of acute public health emergencies, identification and correction of hazardous food production and processing practices, and consequent improvement in food safety. C1 CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sobel, J (reprint author), CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS-A38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 43 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 117 IS 1 BP 8 EP 19 DI 10.1093/phr/117.1.8 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 606UB UT WOS:000178751200003 PM 12297677 ER PT J AU Hahn, RA Wetterhall, SF Gay, GA Harshbarger, DS Burnett, CA Parrish, RG Orend, RJ AF Hahn, RA Wetterhall, SF Gay, GA Harshbarger, DS Burnett, CA Parrish, RG Orend, RJ TI The recording of demographic information on death certificates: A national survey of funeral directors SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY AB Objective. The authors sought to ascertain the methods used by funeral directors to determine the demographic information recorded on death certificates. Methods. Standardized questionnaires were administered to funeral directors in five urban locations in the U.S. In addition, personnel on four Indian reservations were interviewed. Study sites were selected for diverse racial/ethnic populations and variability in recording practices; funeral homes were selected by stratified random sampling. Results. Fifty-two percent of responding funeral directors reported receiving no formal training in death certification. Seventy-nine percent of respondents reported finding certain demographic items difficult to complete-26% first specified race as the problematic item, and 25% first specified education. The decedent's race was "sometimes" or "often" determined through personal knowledge of the family by 58% of respondents; 43% reported "sometimes" or "often" determining race by observation. Only three respondents reported that occupation was a problematic item. Conclusions. The authors recommend that the importance of demographic data and the instructions for data collection be clarified for funeral directors, that standard data collection worksheets be developed, and that training videos be developed. C1 CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Montgomery, AL 36102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH USA. Klemm Anal Grp, Washington, DC USA. RP Hahn, RA (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, MS K-73,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 117 IS 1 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1093/phr/117.1.37 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 606UB UT WOS:000178751200006 PM 12297680 ER PT J AU Smith, S AF Smith, S TI NCHS dataline SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDC, NCHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Smith, S (reprint author), CDC, NCHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 117 IS 1 BP 86 EP 87 DI 10.1093/phr/117.1.86 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 606UB UT WOS:000178751200018 ER PT B AU Holtgrave, DR Pinkerton, SD AF Holtgrave, DR Pinkerton, SD BE Kaplan, EH Brookmeyer, R TI Implications of economc evaluations for national HIV prevention policy makers SO QUANTIATIVE EVALUATION OF HIV PREVENTION PROGRAMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of HIV Prvention Programs CY JUL, 1998 CL DIVONNE LES BAINS, FRANCE SP NIDA ID ACQUIRED-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-SYNDROME; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; UNITED-STATES; SEXUAL EXPOSURE; PROGRAMS; AIDS; INTERVENTION; IMPACT C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holtgrave, DR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 45 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU YALE UNIV PRESS PI NEW HAVEN PA 302 TEMPLE ST, NEW HAVEN, CT 06511 USA BN 0-300-08751-9 PY 2002 BP 32 EP 54 PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BW11E UT WOS:000180918400002 ER PT B AU Satten, GA Janssen, RS Stramer, S Busch, MP AF Satten, GA Janssen, RS Stramer, S Busch, MP BE Kaplan, EH Brookmeyer, R TI Development and validation of a serologic testing algorithm for recent HIV seroconversion SO QUANTIATIVE EVALUATION OF HIV PREVENTION PROGRAMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of HIV Prvention Programs CY JUL, 1998 CL DIVONNE LES BAINS, FRANCE SP NIDA ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; SEMI-MARKOV MODELS; INCIDENCE RATES; PRIMARY INFECTION; TIME; BLOOD C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Satten, GA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU YALE UNIV PRESS PI NEW HAVEN PA 302 TEMPLE ST, NEW HAVEN, CT 06511 USA BN 0-300-08751-9 PY 2002 BP 290 EP 304 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BW11E UT WOS:000180918400014 ER PT J AU Schubauer-Berigan, MK Baron, L Frey, GD Hoel, DG AF Schubauer-Berigan, MK Baron, L Frey, GD Hoel, DG TI Breast dose variability in a bi-racial population undergoing screening mammography SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID IMAGE QUALITY; FILTER COMBINATIONS; RADIATION; RISK; BENEFIT; CANCER; OPTIMIZATION; MOLYBDENUM; CONTRAST; PROGRAM AB This study evaluated individual and population dose variability during screening mammography, among 570 white and black women in South Carolina. USA. Aspects of dosimetry that were considered include compressed breast thickness (CBT), number of films per screening session, and dose in previous or subsequent sessions. Breast dose was log-normally distributed in the population. with a geometric mean of 6.6 mGy per session, Doses were significantly higher for black women, for women with high CBT or who receive more than two views per breast. and for the mediolateral oblique, compared to the craniocaudal view. No relationship was observed between age and do, e. Total dose per breast varied by a factor of 20 across the study population. but the individual's dose varied little among repeat screening sessions. especially after adjusting for the number of films received per session. These results may inform assessments of the projected risks of inducing breast cancer from screening mammography. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Radiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Schubauer-Berigan, MK (reprint author), NIOSH, MS-R44,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 98 IS 4 BP 417 EP 424 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 574PU UT WOS:000176899400006 PM 12120669 ER PT J AU Schubauer-Berigan, MK Frey, GD Baron, L Hoel, DG AF Schubauer-Berigan, MK Frey, GD Baron, L Hoel, DG TI Mammography dose in relation to body mass index, race, and menopausal status SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; IMAGE QUALITY; US ADULTS; OVERWEIGHT; PREVALENCE AB Mammography dose increases with compressed breast thickness (CBT), but few studies have examined other correlates of dose. The purpose Of thin Study was to evaluate the relation between factors such as race, age, body mass index (BMI), CBT, and menopausal status and mammography screening dose, measured for 509 women in a US population. A multiple linear regression model was developed Cor dose, based on consideration of these factors as well as examination characteristics. BMI and number of films during examination were positively related to dose. After adjusting for these factors, high CBT also leads to higher dose, Whites receive lower doses than black women but differences are slight after controlling for the effects of CBT and BMI, which were significantly higher among black women, Pre-menopausal women receive higher doses, after adjusting for all other factors, than post-menopausal women. Jointly. these factors account for approximately 75% to 80% of the variability in dose among this study population. Because rates of overweight are increasing in the US, average doses from mammography may be increasing as well. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Biometry & Epidemiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Radiol, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Schubauer-Berigan, MK (reprint author), NIOSH, MS-R44,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/B-3149-2009 OI Schubauer-Berigan, Mary/0000-0002-5175-924X NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY PUBL PI ASHFORD PA PO BOX 7, ASHFORD TN23 1YW, KENT, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2002 VL 98 IS 4 BP 425 EP 432 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 574PU UT WOS:000176899400007 PM 12120670 ER PT J AU Hazlett, KRO Cox, DL Sikkink, RA Auch'ere, F Rusnak, F Radolf, JD AF Hazlett, KRO Cox, DL Sikkink, RA Auch'ere, F Rusnak, F Radolf, JD TI Contribution of neelaredoxin to oxygen tolerance by Treponema pallidum SO REDOX CELL BIOLOGY AND GENETICS, PT B SE METHODS IN ENZYMOLOGY LA English DT Review ID DESULFOVIBRIO-DESULFURICANS ATCC-27774; RBO GENE-PRODUCT; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; NADH OXIDASE; DESULFOARCULUS-BAARSII; SYPHILIS SPIROCHETE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; DESULFOFERRODOXIN; PROTEIN; REDUCTASE C1 Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Sect Hematol, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Hematol Res Sect, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RP Hazlett, KRO (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Ctr Hlth, Ctr Microbial Pathogenesis, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-10573, AI-26756] NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0076-6879 J9 METHOD ENZYMOL JI Methods Enzymol. PY 2002 VL 353 BP 140 EP 156 PN B PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BU60C UT WOS:000176466500014 PM 12078490 ER PT J AU Bjoersdorff, A Wittesjo, B Berglund, J Massung, RF Eliasson, I AF Bjoersdorff, A Wittesjo, B Berglund, J Massung, RF Eliasson, I TI Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis as a common cause of tick-associated fever in Southeast Sweden: Report from a prospective clinical study SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEROLOGICAL EVIDENCE; LYME BORRELIOSIS; IMMUNOSEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; IXODES-SCAPULARIS; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; INITIAL PHASE; HUMAN-DISEASE; PCR ASSAY; IDENTIFICATION AB Between May and December 1998, tick-associated febrile illness was prospectively studied in Southeast Sweden in order to assess the occurrence of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). Inclusion criteria were fever (greater than or equal to 38.0degreesC), with or without headache, myalgia or arthralgia in patients with an observed tick bite or tick exposure within 1 month prior to onset of symptoms. Patients with clinical signs of Lyme borreliosis were included. Of the 27 patients included, we identified 4 cases of HGE. Three of the patients had coinfection with Lyme borreliosis, which presented as erythema migrans. All 27 patients presented with a 2-5 d history of fever. None of the clinical signs or laboratory parameters monitored was helpful in predicting ehrlichiosis in this group with tick-associated fever conditions. Within the HGE-negative group (n = 23), 12 patients had clinical or laboratory signs of Lyme borreliosis. For 11 patients, the actiology of the fever remained unclear. Our results suggest that HGE is common in tick-infested areas of Southeast Sweden, and may occur as a coinfection of Lyme borreliosis. Granulocytic ehrlichiosis should be suspected in patients who present with tick-associated fever, with or without erythema migrans. Ehrlichia serology and PCR should be employed to confirm the diagnosis. C1 Res Inst Zoonot Ecol & Epidemiol, Kalmar, Sweden. Lund Univ, Dept Med Microbiol & Infect Dis, Lund, Sweden. Blekinge Hosp, Dept Communicable Dis Control, Karlskrona, Sweden. Blekinge Inst Res & Dev, Karlshamn, Sweden. Lund Univ, Dept Community Med, Malmo, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Kalmar Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, SE-39185 Kalmar, Sweden. RP Bjoersdorff, A (reprint author), Kalmar Cty Hosp, Dept Clin Microbiol, SE-39185 Kalmar, Sweden. NR 49 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS AS PI OSLO PA CORT ADELERSGT 17, PO BOX 2562, SOLLI, 0202 OSLO, NORWAY SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 187 EP 191 DI 10.1080/00365540110080061 PG 5 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 539GE UT WOS:000174861500006 PM 12030391 ER PT J AU Markotic, A Kuzman, I Babic, K Gagro, A Nichol, S Ksiazek, TG Rabatic, S Dekaris, D AF Markotic, A Kuzman, I Babic, K Gagro, A Nichol, S Ksiazek, TG Rabatic, S Dekaris, D TI Double trouble: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and leptospirosis SO SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID SYNDROME HFRS AB The clinical picture of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome can closely mimic that of unicteric leptospirosis and vice versa. This is the first description of dual infection with Dobrava virus and leptospira and alteration of immune parameters in a Croatian soldier. C1 Univ Zagreb, Inst Immunol, Cellular Immunol Unit, Dept Res & Dev, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Infect Dis, Dept Acute Resp Infect, Zagreb, Croatia. Univ Zagreb, Univ Hosp Infect Dis, Dept Fevers Unkown Origins, Zagreb, Croatia. Ctr Dis Control, Dept Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Markotic, A (reprint author), Univ Zagreb, Inst Immunol, Cellular Immunol Unit, Dept Res & Dev, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. NR 9 TC 15 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI LONDON PA TELEPHONE HOUSE, 69-77 PAUL STREET, LONDON EC2A 4LQ, ENGLAND SN 0036-5548 J9 SCAND J INFECT DIS JI Scand. J. Infect. Dis. PY 2002 VL 34 IS 3 BP 221 EP 224 DI 10.1080/00365540110077227 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 539GE UT WOS:000174861500018 PM 12030403 ER PT J AU Aral, SK Berman, SM Aral, SO AF Aral, SK Berman, SM Aral, SO TI Anticipating outbreaks - A prevention role for integrated information systems SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; SYPHILIS ELIMINATION; NETWORK; HISTORY; HEALTH; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, John F Kennedy Sch Govt, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. MIT, Alfred P Sloan Sch Management, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Aral, SO (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, Informat Technol Serv, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,M-S E06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 6 EP 12 DI 10.1097/00007435-200201000-00002 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 511VT UT WOS:000173286800002 PM 11773872 ER PT J AU Varghese, B Maher, JE Peterman, TA Branson, BM Steketee, RW AF Varghese, B Maher, JE Peterman, TA Branson, BM Steketee, RW TI Reducing the risk of sexual HIV transmission - Quantifying the per-act risk for HIV on the basis of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MALE-TO-FEMALE; HETEROSEXUAL TRANSMISSION; UNITED-STATES; AIDS; INFECTIONS; PREVALENCE; ADULTS; WOMEN AB Background: Sexual acquisition of HIV is influenced by choice of partner, sex act, and condom use. However, current risk-reduction strategies focus mainly on condom use. Goal: To estimate the contribution of choice of partner, sex act, and condom use on the per-act relative and absolute risks for HIV infection. Study Design: Per-act relative risk for HIV infection was calculated with use of estimates of HIV prevalence, risk of condom failure, HIV test accuracy, and per-act risk of HIV transmission for different sex acts. Absolute risks were calculated on the basis of these relative risk estimates. Results: Choosing a partner who tested negative instead of an untested partner reduced the relative risk of HIV infection 47-fold; using condoms, 20-fold; and choosing insertive fellatio rather than insertive anal sex, 13-fold. Choosing one risk-reduction behavior substantially reduces absolute risk of HIV infection for heterosexuals but not for men who have sex with men. Conclusion: Clarifying the magnitude of risk associated with different choices may help people make effective and sustainable changes in behavior. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Hiv AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Varghese, B (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div Hiv AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 177 Z9 185 U1 3 U2 11 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 29 IS 1 BP 38 EP 43 DI 10.1097/00007435-200201000-00007 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 511VT UT WOS:000173286800007 PM 11773877 ER PT J AU Williams, JE Nieto, FJ Sanford, CP Couper, DJ Tyroler, HA AF Williams, JE Nieto, FJ Sanford, CP Couper, DJ Tyroler, HA TI The association between trait anger and incident stroke risk - The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study SO STROKE LA English DT Article DE anger; prospective studies; risk factors; stroke, ischemic; survival analysis ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS; HOSTILITY; CATECHOLAMINES; PERSONALITY; ACTIVATION; SEVERITY; COHORT AB Background and Purpose-This study examined the relation between trait anger and incident stroke risk among participants without a history of stroke at the first follow-up examination of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Methods-The study sample included 13 851 black and white men and women, aged 48 to 67 years, who completed the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale. Median follow-up time was 77.3 months. Results-In the full cohort, Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed a modest increase in the risk for stroke among individuals with high trait anger, though the association did not remain statistically significant after multivariate adjustment. Participants less than or equal to60 years of age who reported having high trait anger had a 2.82 (95% CI, 1.65 to 4.80) times greater risk for hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes combined (any) and a 2.93 (95% CI, 1.64 to 5.22) times greater risk for ischemic strokes alone than their counterparts who reported having low trait anger (hazard rate ratios adjusted for sex and race/ethnicity). Similarly, among participants with HDL cholesterol levels >47, the risk for any stroke was 2.86 (95% CI, 1.56 to 5.25) times greater for those who reported having high trait anger, whereas the risk for ischemic strokes alone was 2.98 (95% CI, 1.58 to 5.61) times greater (hazard rate ratios adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity). These associations remained strong and statistically significant after further adjustment for several established biological and sociodemographic risk factors for stroke and were absent among older participants and those with lower HDL cholesterol values. Conclusions-Trait anger was associated with an increased risk for incident stroke in the ARIC study among younger participants and those with higher HDL cholesterol levels. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Injury & Violence Prevent Unit, Raleigh, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Williams, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-55021, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55022] NR 29 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD JAN PY 2002 VL 33 IS 1 BP 13 EP 19 DI 10.1161/hs0102.101625 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 509KV UT WOS:000173147700004 PM 11779882 ER PT J AU Lei, YX Joseph, P Ong, TM AF Lei, YX Joseph, P Ong, TM TI Antisense inhibition of translation initiation factor 3 reverses its oncogenic potential SO TERATOGENESIS CARCINOGENESIS AND MUTAGENESIS LA English DT Article DE cadmium; translation initiation factor 3 (TIF3); antisense mRNA; NIH3T3 cells; cell transformation; gene expression ID METAL CARCINOGENESIS; SPECIAL EMPHASIS; CADMIUM; CANCER; RNA; TRANSFORMATION; TUMORIGENESIS; PROTEIN; CELLS AB Recently we have identified, cloned, and characterized the mouse Translation Initiation Factor 3 (TIF3, GenBank Accession Number AF 271072) as a novel cadmium-responsive proto-oncogene. Presently, additional studies regarding the oncogenic potential of TIF3 have been carried out. Transfection of NIH3T3 cells with the pcDNA3.1 expression vector containing the TIF3 cDNA in the sense (5'-->3') orientation resulted in overexpression of the encoded 36 kDa protein. Transfection-mediated overexpression of TIF3 protein resulted in transformation of the cells as evidenced from the appearance of transformed foci. Cotransfection of the cells with a mixture of plasmid DNA consisting of TIF3 cDNA in the sense and in the antisense orientation resulted in significant inhibition of translation of the TIF3 protein. Antisense (3'-->5') TIF3 mRNA-mediated inhibition of translation of TIF3 protein, furthermore, resulted in inhibition of TIF3-mediated transformation of NIH3T3 cells as evidenced from the decrease in the number of transformed foci. These results further confirm that overexpression of TIF3 is oncogenic and the antisense TIF3 mRNA expression reverses its oncogenic potential. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, CDC, HELD,Mol Epidemiol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Ong, TM (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, HELD,Mol Epidemiol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, MS 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 22 TC 8 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0270-3211 J9 TERATOGEN CARCIN MUT JI Teratogenesis Carcinog. Mutagen. PY 2002 VL 22 IS 6 BP 403 EP 409 DI 10.1002/tcm.10037 PG 7 WC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Oncology; Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 611MQ UT WOS:000179021800002 PM 12395402 ER PT J AU Hymbaugh, K Miller, LA Druschel, CM Podvin, DW Meaney, FJ Boyle, CA AF Hymbaugh, K Miller, LA Druschel, CM Podvin, DW Meaney, FJ Boyle, CA CA FASSNet Team TI A multiple source methodology for the surveillance of fetal alcohol syndrome - The fetal alcohol syndrome surveillance network (FASSNet) SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RECOGNITION; PREVALENCE; GROWTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO 80246 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Congenital Malformat Registry, Troy, NY 12180 USA. SUNY, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Rensselaer, NY 12144 USA. State Alaska Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Pediat, Tucson, AZ 85724 USA. RP Hymbaugh, K (reprint author), CDC, NCBDDD, MS F-49,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 BP S41 EP S49 DI 10.1002/tera.90010 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 601PP UT WOS:000178455600010 PM 12239744 ER PT J AU Williams, LJ Honein, MA Rasmussen, SA AF Williams, LJ Honein, MA Rasmussen, SA TI Methods for a public health response to birth defects clusters SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; DISEASE AB Few resources are available to guide public health officials in investigations of reported birth defects clusters. The majority of published resources focus on the investigation of cancer and infectious disease clusters and do not address clinical and epidemiologic concerns specific to birth defects research. This document aims to address these concerns, discuss the needs of the affected community, and provide suggestions for the development of a standardized protocol to be used as a guide in the investigation of birth defects clusters. We suggest that health departments and birth defects registries that may receive reports of birth defects clusters establish a protocol for responding that includes the following steps: develop a proactive plan for future birth defects cluster reports (step 1), receive report of a birth defects cluster (step 11), verify diagnoses and complete case ascertainment (step 111), compare the observed rate to a reference rate (step IV), ascertain exposures among cases from available records (step V), interview case mothers (step VI), initiate further epiderniologic study-selection of controls (step VII), and communicate results to the community (step VIII). Specific criteria for continuing or terminating an investigation should be established before receiving cluster reports. The recommendations in this report should be carefully considered to ensure that the specific needs of the region, agency and affected community are met. Published 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Williams, LJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Rasmussen, Sonja/0000-0002-0574-4928 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PY 2002 VL 66 SU 1 BP S50 EP S58 DI 10.1002/tera.90011 PG 9 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 601PP UT WOS:000178455600011 PM 12239745 ER PT J AU Khan, MA Lichtensteiger, CA Faroon, O Mumtaz, M Schaeffer, DJ Hansen, LG AF Khan, MA Lichtensteiger, CA Faroon, O Mumtaz, M Schaeffer, DJ Hansen, LG TI The hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis: A target of nonpersistent ortho-substituted PCB congeners SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE episodic; PCBs; thyroid; thyroxine (T-3); triiodithyronine (T-3); pituitary; thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH); prolactin; hypothalamus; dopamine ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AROCLOR-1254; PREPUBERTAL FEMALE RATS; DIBENZO-P-DIOXINS; DEVELOPMENTAL EXPOSURE; HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS; BRAIN; EXPRESSION; GLAND; PROTEIN; TRANSTHYRETIN AB Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) cause adverse effects in developing and adult animals. Less is known about the effects of nonplanar ortho-substituted PCBs. We investigated the effects of 2 nonplanar PCB congeners, 95 (2,3,6-2',5'-penta CB) or 101 (2,4,5-2',5'-penta CB), and estradiol on selected endocrine parameters. In Study 1, weanling female Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats were given a single dose of PCB 95 ip at 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg/kg/day for 2 consecutive days and killed 24 h after the last dose. PCB 95 exposure caused a dose-dependent (p<0.001) decrease in serum thyroxine (T-4) levels. Serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations did not change, but prolactin (PRL) levels increased in a nonlinear (with dose) manner. No significant changes were seen in thyroid gland morphology and pituitary lactotroph number. In Study 2, progression or regression of effects was assessed by lengthening the time and a second congener was tested. Weanling female S-D rats received a single dose of PCB 95 or PCB 101 ip at 16 and 32 mg/kg/day for 2 days and were killed 48 h after the last dose. PCB 95 and PCB 101 both decreased serum T-4 (p<0.001) and hypothalamic dopamine (DA; p<0.05) levels. No changes were seen in serum triiodothyronine (T-3), TSH, and PRL concentrations. Morphological analysis of the thyroid gland showed a decrease (p<0.05) in colloid area in rats treated with PCB 95 or 101. However, the epithelial cell height increased only in PCB 95 treated rats. Thyroid epithelial cell proliferation increased (p<0.05) following exposure to estradiol and PCB 95. The results suggest that the HPT axis appears to be a target of ortho-substituted PCBs. PCB 95 was more effective than PCB 101 in causing these changes. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hansen, LG (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, 2001 S Lincoln Ave, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. NR 41 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2002 VL 65 IS 1 BP 52 EP 61 DI 10.1093/toxsci/65.1.52 PG 10 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 508PJ UT WOS:000173097400008 PM 11752685 ER PT J AU Risher, JF Murray, EH Prince, GR AF Risher, JF Murray, EH Prince, GR TI Organic mercury compounds: human exposure and its relevance to public health SO TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH LA English DT Review DE ethylmercury; mercury; methylmercury; organomercurials; phenylmercury; thimerosal ID PRENATAL METHYLMERCURY EXPOSURE; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SEYCHELLES CHILD-DEVELOPMENT; OXYGEN SPECIES FORMATION; MATERNAL SEAFOOD DIET; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; FRESH-WATER FISH; METHYL MERCURY; INORGANIC MERCURY; PHENYLMERCURIC ACETATE AB Humans may be exposed to organic forms of mercury by either inhalation, oral, or dermal routes, and the effects of such exposure depend upon both the type of mercury to which exposed and the magnitude of the exposure. In general, the effects of exposure to organic mercury are primarily neurologic, while a host of other organ systems may also be involved, including gastrointestinal, respiratory, hepatic, immune, dermal, and renal. While the primary source of exposure to organic mercury for most populations is the consumption of methylmercury-contaminated fish and shell fish, there are a number of other organomercurials to which humans might be exposed. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of organomercurials have resulted in their long use as topical disinfectants (thimerosal and merbromin) and preservatives in medical preparations (thimerosal) and grain products (both methyl and ethyl mercurials). Phenylmercury has been used in the past in paints, and dialkyl mercurials are still used in some industrial processes and in the calibration of certain analytical laboratory equipment. The effects of exposure to different organic mercurials by different routes of exposure are summarized in this article. C1 ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Toxicol Informat Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Risher, JF (reprint author), ATSDR, Div Toxicol, Toxicol Informat Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 314 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 24 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0748-2337 EI 1477-0393 J9 TOXICOL IND HEALTH JI Toxicol. Ind. Health PY 2002 VL 18 IS 3 BP 109 EP 160 DI 10.1191/0748233702th138oa PG 52 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 721QZ UT WOS:000185328200001 PM 12974562 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Monroy, C Rodas, A Rosales, R Tabaru, R Davies, C Lines, J AF Paz-Bailey, G Monroy, C Rodas, A Rosales, R Tabaru, R Davies, C Lines, J TI Incidence of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in two Guatemalan communities SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Chagas disease; Trypanosoma cruzi; seroprevalence; incidence; maximum likelihood; Rhodnius prolixus; Triatoma dimidiata; ELISA; Guatemala ID CHAGAS-DISEASE; NORTHEAST BRAZIL AB The prevalence of human infection by Trypanosoma cruzi was assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in a serological survey in 1998 of 2 rural communities (SMH and PS) in Guatemala. In SMH (Department of Zacapa), where Rhodnius prolixus was the principal vector, the seroprevalence amongst 373 people tested was 38.8%. In PS (Department of Santa Rosa), where the main vector was Triatoma dimidiata, 8.9% of the 428 people tested were seropositive. The overall prevalence of seropositivity was higher in females than in males in both SMH (40% vs 36%) and PS (11.9% vs 4.9%), although this difference was significant only in PS. Historical seroconversion rates, estimated retrospectively by fitting a transmission model to the age-prevalence curves, were 3.8% per year in SMH and 0.5% per year in PS. There was some indication of a recent reduction in incidence in both villages. In PS, but not in SMH, both the observed prevalence and the estimated incidence rates were significantly higher in females than in males. C1 Univ San Carlos, Guatemala City, Guatemala. Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, London WC1E 7HT, England. Japanese Int Cooperat Agcy, Guatemala City, Guatemala. RP Paz-Bailey, G (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Epi Surveillance Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD JAN-FEB PY 2002 VL 96 IS 1 BP 48 EP 52 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(02)90236-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 533TN UT WOS:000174546600008 PM 11925991 ER PT J AU Orton, SL Liu, H Dodd, RY Williams, AE AF Orton, SL Liu, H Dodd, RY Williams, AE CA ARCNET Epidemiology Grp TI Prevalence of circulating Treponema pallidum DNA and RNA in blood donors with confirmed-positive syphilis tests SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID PCR AB BACKGROUND: Although there have been no well-documented cases of transfusion-transmitted syphilis in more than 30 years, serologic tests for syphilis (STS) continues to be required for donated blood. Previously, the methods for detecting viable spirochetes were dependent on the use of the rabbit infectivity test. DNA PCR and RNA RT-PCR were applied to assess the presence of Treponema pallidum DNA or RNA in blood donors with confirmed-positive results in STS. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This case series describes T. pallidum DNA and RNA testing of platelet concentrates prepared from blood donors with reactive results in an automated treponemal screening test and positive test results in the fluorescent treponomal antibody absorption test. The first DNA test was specific for the T. palladium po/A gene. The second DNA test was a multiplex PCR using a T. pallidum 47-kDa gene target. The RT-PCR for RNA used T. pallidum 16S rRNA as a template for production of a cDNA target. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-nine samples (including rapid plasma reagin [RPR]+ and RPR-) tested for T. pallidum DNA and/or RNA were negative. CONCLUSIONS: A lack of demonstrable T. pallidum DNA or RNA suggests that blood donors with confirmed-positive results in STS are unlikely to have circulating T. pallidum in their blood and that that their blood is unlikely to be infectious for syphilis. C1 Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Transmissible Dis Dept, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Orton, SL (reprint author), Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Transmissible Dis Dept, 15601 Crabbs Branch Way, Rockville, MD USA. NR 12 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD JAN PY 2002 VL 42 IS 1 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2002.00023.x PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 522TQ UT WOS:000173913400015 PM 11896319 ER PT J AU Poaty-Mavoungou, V Toure, FS Tevi-Benissan, C Mavoungou, E AF Poaty-Mavoungou, V Toure, FS Tevi-Benissan, C Mavoungou, E TI Enhancement of natural killer cell activation and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by interferon-alpha and interleukin-12 in vaginal mucosae SIV(mac251)-infected Macaca fascicularis (Retracted article. See vol. 21, pg. 277, 2008) SO VIRAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Retracted Publication ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; FEMALE GENITAL-TRACT; HUMAN NK; MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY; GENE-EXPRESSION; INFECTED INDIVIDUALS; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-A; CYTO-TOXICITY; HIV-INFECTION AB We studied the innate immune system of Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) experimentally infected via the vaginal mucosae with a virulent simian immunodeficiency virus isolate SIV(mac251). Animals were evaluated for their natural killer (NK) cell activity, and for their antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. NK cells from SIV(mac25)-infected macaques show impaired NK cell activity compared to cells from uninfected animals. Subsequent treatment of NK cells with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) or interleukin-12 (IL-12) alone partially restored the NK activity. However, either treatment of NK cells with both IFN-alpha and IL-12 completely reversed the impairment of cytotoxicity induced by simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Incubation of NK cells from infected but not from uninfected monkeys with IFN-alpha and IL-12 for 8 days increased the percentage of CD16(+)/CD56(+) cells twofold to fivefold and enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. Thus IFN-alpha and IL-12 greatly enhance both the NK cell and ADCC activities of peripheral blood cells from SIV(mac251)-infected animals and increase the number of NK cells in longer term culture. The combined effect of IFN-alpha and IL-12 in enhancing NK cell activity may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the restoration of depressed NK cell activity observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. C1 Univ Tubingen, Inst Trop Med, Dept Parasitol, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. CIRMF, Franceville, Gabon. CDC Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. Albert Schweitzer Hosp, Med Res Unit, Lambarene, Gabon. RP Poaty-Mavoungou, V (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Inst Trop Med, Dept Parasitol, Wilhelmstr 27, D-72074 Tubingen, Germany. EM elie.mavoungou@uni-tuebingen.de NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 0882-8245 J9 VIRAL IMMUNOL JI Viral Immunol. PY 2002 VL 15 IS 1 BP 197 EP 212 DI 10.1089/088282402317340341 PG 16 WC Immunology; Virology SC Immunology; Virology GA 547BX UT WOS:000175313800017 PM 11952142 ER PT J AU Eyler, AA Matson-Koffman, D Vest, JR Evenson, KR Sanderson, B Thompson, JL Wilbur, J Wilcox, S Young, DR AF Eyler, AA Matson-Koffman, D Vest, JR Evenson, KR Sanderson, B Thompson, JL Wilbur, J Wilcox, S Young, DR TI Environmental, policy, and cultural factors related to physical activity in a diverse sample of women: The Women's Cardiovascular Health Network project - Introduction and methodology SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE physical activity; women's health; exercise; determinants ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; MINORITY WOMEN; BLACK-WOMEN; EXERCISE; OLDER; INTERVENTIONS; DETERMINANTS; POPULATION; STRATEGIES; AMERICANS AB Ethnic minority and low-income populations have some of the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the highest rates of physical inactivity, an independent risk factor for CVD. Ethnic minority and low-income women are especially at risk. Because programs designed to increase physical activity have the potential to reduce CVD rates in specific populations, research in this area is expanding. As part of the Women's Cardiovascular Health Network funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the goal of this multi-site project is to identify factors, particularly environmental, policy, and cultural factors, that may influence physical activity among ethnic minority and low-income women ages 20-50 years. To achieve this goal, 42 focus groups were conducted in various locations throughout the United States with African American, American Indian, Latina and White women. Groups represented both urban and rural living environments. This article explains the basis for this project and the methodology used. Other articles in this series explain the results from the focus groups in detail. (C) 2002 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, CDC, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ New Mexico, Sci Ctr, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Publ Hlth, Coll Nursing, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Eyler, AA (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, 3545 Lafayette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. OI Vest, Joshua/0000-0002-7226-9688 NR 36 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 7 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1300/J013v36n02_01 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 618KF UT WOS:000179416700002 PM 12487137 ER PT J AU Harvey, SM Bird, ST Galavotti, C Duncan, EAW Greenberg, D AF Harvey, SM Bird, ST Galavotti, C Duncan, EAW Greenberg, D TI Relationship power, sexual decision making and condom use among women at risk for HIV/STDs SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE power; decision making; interpersonal relations; condoms; sexual partners; sex behavior ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; HIV-PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; GENDER; AIDS; INTERVENTIONS; ETHNICITY; BARRIERS AB This study examines the associations among relationship power, sexual decision-making dominance, and condom use within a sample of women at risk of HIV/STDs. Data from face-to-face interviews with 112 women were analyzed to (a) describe who women perceive as more powerful and who makes sexual decisions within their heterosexual relationships, (b) explore the association between relationship power and sexual decision-making dominance, and (c) examine the relationship of power and decision making regarding condom use to condom use behavior. Women were recruited from clinics and community locations in Atlanta, Los Angeles, Oklahoma City and Portland, OR. Participants were 18-25 years of age and were primarily Hispanic and African American. Over half (58.2%) reported that they share power with their partner, 25.5% said they have more power, and 16.4% reported that their partner has more power in their relationship. For the five domains of sexual decision-making examined, over half (50.5%-75.7%) of the women reported that they and their partners make decisions together. A higher percentage of women who perceived that they have more power or share power, as compared to those who perceived that their partners have more power, reported that "I/We" make decisions about birth control use, condom use, whether to have sex, and type of sexual activity. Relationship power was not associated with condom use. Condom use was, however, significantly higher among women who reported that they make decisions about using condoms alone or with their partner as compared to those who reported that their partner makes those decisions. (C) 2002 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Oregon, Ctr Study Women Soic, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Psychol, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Harvey, SM (reprint author), Univ Oregon, Ctr Study Women Soic, 1201, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U30/CCU 915062-1-0, U30/CCU 615166-1-0] NR 34 TC 88 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 4 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2002 VL 36 IS 4 BP 69 EP 84 DI 10.1300/J013v36n04_06 PG 16 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 636ZY UT WOS:000180488200006 PM 12555803 ER PT J AU Eyler, AA Matson-Koffman, D Vest, JR Evenson, KR Sanderson, B Thompson, JL Wilbur, JE Wilcox, S Young, DR AF Eyler, AA Matson-Koffman, D Vest, JR Evenson, KR Sanderson, B Thompson, JL Wilbur, JE Wilcox, S Young, DR TI Environmental, policy, and cultural factors related to physical activity in a diverse sample of women: The Women's Cardiovascular Health Network Project - Summary and discussion SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE policy; environment; physical activity; women; exercise ID ACTIVITY PATTERNS AB Ethnic minority and low-income populations have the highest rates of cardiovascular disease and the lowest rates of leisure-time physical activity. Because physical activity reduces the risk of premature death and disability from cardiovascular disease, researching correlates to such activity in these populations is an important aspect of health promotion in the US. To identify environmental, policy, and cultural barriers to physical activity in women, The Women's Cardiovascular Health Network Project conducted focus groups with White, African American, Latina, and American Indian women aged 20-50 years. The focus groups were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed with QSR NUD*IST qualitative software using a set of codes developed a priori by the research team. Family priorities were a main barrier to physical activity in all the groups. Having multiple roles as wife, mother, daughter, and as an active community member was mentioned as time-consuming and difficult, leaving little time or energy for exercise. Cultural barriers, which varied among the groups, included acculturation issues, lack of community support, and lack of past experience with exercise. Physical activity interventions suggested involved work programs, family-friendly programs, increased social support, and the availability of safer places to exercise such as parks, well-lit walking trails, and recreation centers. Many of the barriers were common to all groups (e.g., family priority) while some were unique (e.g., lack of community support). Assessing and addressing the issues raised should be considered when planning physical activity interventions for these populations. (C) 2002 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Welch Ctr Prevent Epidemiol & Clin Res, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ S Carolina, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Illinois, Coll Nursing, Dept Publ Hlth Mental Hlth & Adm Nursing, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ New Mexico Hosp, Ctr Sci, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Dept Pediat, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eyler, AA (reprint author), St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, 3545 Lafayette Ave, St Louis, MO 63104 USA. RI Loureiro, Nuno/I-6400-2012; OI Loureiro, Nuno/0000-0002-1166-3219; Vest, Joshua/0000-0002-7226-9688 NR 9 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 17 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2002 VL 36 IS 2 BP 123 EP 134 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 618KF UT WOS:000179416700010 PM 12487145 ER PT J AU Penman-Aguilar, A Hall, J Artz, L Crawford, MA Peacock, N van Olphen, J Parker, L Macaluso, M AF Penman-Aguilar, A Hall, J Artz, L Crawford, MA Peacock, N van Olphen, J Parker, L Macaluso, M TI Presenting the female condom to men: A dyadic analysis of effect of the woman's approach SO WOMEN & HEALTH LA English DT Article DE female condom; barrier method; contraception; qualitative ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE; ACCEPTABILITY; WOMEN AB Although male partner resistance to female condom use has been reported, little is understood about circumstances under which partners will agree to female condom use. This study documents the experiences of couples who have worked together to achieve female condom use. As part of a prospective female condom efficacy study, female participants (age 18-34) received a behavioral intervention and an assortment of take-home items. Selected women and their partners were recruited for a qualitative interview focusing on their experience with the female condom. Interviews were transcribed, double-coded, and verified using a standard retrieval coding system. Twenty-six pairs of linked interviews were analyzed dyadically: 9 couples who used the female condom "consistently," 12 "experimenters," and 5 "non-users." Women who successfully promoted the female condom to their partners used multiple presentation strategies. Initial male partner reaction did not predict continued use beyond the first trial. In conclusion, employment of multiple strategies facilitates successful introduction of the female condom into a sexual partnership. (C) 2002 by the Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Behav Sci, Dept Sociol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Div Res, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Chicago, IL 60680 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Macaluso, M (reprint author), CDCP, Div Reprod Hlth, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Macaluso, Maurizio/J-2076-2015 OI Macaluso, Maurizio/0000-0002-2977-9690 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 0363-0242 J9 WOMEN HEALTH JI Women Health PY 2002 VL 35 IS 1 BP 37 EP 51 DI 10.1300/J013v35n01_03 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Women's Studies GA 532EG UT WOS:000174458200003 PM 11942468 ER PT S AU Rest, KM AF Rest, KM BE Rantanen, J Lehtinen, S Kurppa, K Lindstrom, K Saarela, KL TI Research priorities for improving workplace health and safety in the 21(st) century SO WORK IN THE GLOBAL VILLAGE SE PEOPLE AND WORK: RESEARCH REPORTS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Work Life in the 21st Century CY OCT 15-17, 2001 CL HELSINKI, FINLAND SP Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Minist Labour, Minist Social Affairs & Hlth, Int Labour Org, WHO C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Rest, KM (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FINNISH INST OCCUPATIONAL HLTH PI HELSINKI PA INFORMATION OFFICE, TOPELIUKSENKATU 41 A A, SF-00250 HELSINKI, FINLAND SN 1237-6183 BN 951-802-487-1 J9 PEOPLE WORK RES REP PY 2002 VL 49 BP 137 EP 141 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BV02T UT WOS:000177648300027 ER PT B AU Wells, C Priedulena, I Riekstina, V Sture, G Leimane, V AF Wells, C Priedulena, I Riekstina, V Sture, G Leimane, V GP MONDUZZI EDITORE MONDUZZI EDITORE MONDUZZI EDITORE TI Impact of the growing HIV epidemic on control of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in Latvia SO XIV INTERNATIONAL AIDS CONFERENCE: EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Univ N Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, UNC Ctr AIDS Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Swiss Natl AIDS Res Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoWellcome Res & Dev, HIV Antiviral Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wells, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY PY 2002 BP 243 EP 244 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA BV89A UT WOS:000180304200046 ER PT B AU Reichler, M Reves, R Mangura, B Bur, S Thompson, V Ford, J AF Reichler, M Reves, R Mangura, B Bur, S Thompson, V Ford, J GP MONDUZZI EDITIORE MONDUZZI EDITIORE TI Results of testing for human immunodeficiency virus infection among recent contacts to infectious tuberculosis cases SO XIV INTERNATIONAL AIDS CONFERENCE: PREVENTION SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International AIDS Conference CY JUL 07-12, 2002 CL BARCELONA, SPAIN SP Univ N Carolina, Gen Clin Res Ctr, UNC Ctr AIDS Res, Natl Inst Hlth, Swiss Natl AIDS Res Program, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoWellcome Res & Dev, HIV Antiviral Res C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reichler, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MEDIMOND S R L PI 40128 BOLOGNA PA VIA MASERATI 5, 40128 BOLOGNA, 00000, ITALY PY 2002 BP 111 EP 112 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA BV85Q UT WOS:000180241500026 ER PT J AU Mardo, D Christensen, RA Nielson, N Hutt, S Hyun, R Shaffer, J Gundlapalli, AV Barton, C Dowdle, G Mottice, S Brokopp, C Rolfs, R Panebaker, D AF Mardo, D Christensen, RA Nielson, N Hutt, S Hyun, R Shaffer, J Gundlapalli, AV Barton, C Dowdle, G Mottice, S Brokopp, C Rolfs, R Panebaker, D CA CDC TI Coccidioidomycosis in workers at an archeologic site - Dinosaur National Monument, Utah, June-July 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1005-1008, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Ashley Valley Med Ctr, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. TriCty Hlth Dept, Vernal, UT USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Natl Pk Serv, US Dept Interior, Washington, DC 20240 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mardo, D (reprint author), Ashley Valley Med Ctr, Vernal, UT 84078 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 26 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 24 BP 3072 EP 3073 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505QM UT WOS:000172927100011 ER PT J AU Mullooly, J Black, S AF Mullooly, J Black, S CA CDC TI Childhood vaccines - United States, 1995-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1038-41, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID VARICELLA VACCINE; CHILDREN C1 NW Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR 97210 USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, CA USA. CDC, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Vaccine Safety & Dev Act, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mullooly, J (reprint author), NW Kaiser Permanente, Portland, OR 97210 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 26 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 24 BP 3073 EP 3074 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505QM UT WOS:000172927100012 ER PT J AU Dube, SR Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Chapman, DP Williamson, DF Giles, WH AF Dube, SR Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Chapman, DP Williamson, DF Giles, WH TI Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span - Findings from the adverse childhood experiences study SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL ABUSE; SUBSTANCE USE; MAJOR DEPRESSION; PRIMARY-CARE; BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT; WOMEN; PREVALENCE; IDEATION; ALCOHOL AB Context Suicide is a leading cause of death in the United States, but identifying persons at risk is difficult. Thus, the US surgeon general has made suicide prevention a national priority. An expanding body of research suggests that childhood trauma and adverse experiences can lead to a variety of negative health outcomes, including attempted suicide among adolescents and adults. Objective To examine the relationship between the risk of suicide attempts and adverse childhood experiences and the number of such experiences (adverse childhood experiences [ACE] score). Design, Setting, and Participants A retrospective cohort study of 17337 adult health maintenance organization members (54% female; mean [SD] age, 57 [15.3] years) who attended a primary care clinic in San Diego, Calif, within a 3-year period (1995-1997) and completed a survey about childhood abuse and household dysfunction, suicide attempts (including age at first attempt), and multiple other health-related issues. Main Outcome Measure Self-reported suicide attempts, compared by number of adverse childhood experiences, including emotional, physical, and sexual abuse; household substance abuse, mental illness, and incarcerations and parental domestic violence, separation, or divorce. Results The lifetime prevalence of having at least 1 suicide attempt was 3.8%. Adverse childhood experiences in any category increased the risk of attempted suicide 2- to 5-fold. The ACE score had a strong, graded relationship to attempted suicide during child hood/adolescence and adulthood (P<.001). Compared with persons with no such experiences (prevalence of attempted suicide, 1.1%), the adjusted odds ratio of ever attempting suicide among persons with 7 or more experiences (35.2 %) was 31.1 (95% confidence interval, 20.6-47.1). Adjustment for illicit drug use, depressed affect, and self-reported alcoholism reduced the strength of the relationship between the ACE score and suicide attempts, suggesting partial mediation of the adverse childhood experience-suicide attempt relationship by these factors. The population-attributable risk fractions for 1 or more experiences were 67%, 64%, and 80% for lifetime, adult, and childhood/ adolescent suicide attempts, respectively. Conclusions A powerful graded relationship exists between adverse childhood experiences and risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span, Alcoholism, depressed affect, and illicit drug use, which are strongly associated with such experiences, appear to partially mediate this relationship. Because estimates of the attributable risk fraction caused by these experiences were large, prevention of these experiences and the treatment of persons affected by them may lead to progress in suicide prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kaiser Permanente, So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Dube, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 71 TC 663 Z9 684 U1 22 U2 118 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 26 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 24 BP 3089 EP 3096 DI 10.1001/jama.286.24.3089 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505QM UT WOS:000172927100026 PM 11754674 ER PT J AU Fored, CM Ejerblad, E Lindblad, P Fryzek, JP Dickman, PW Signorello, LB Lipworth, L Elinder, C Blot, WJ McLaughlin, JK Zack, MM Nyren, O AF Fored, CM Ejerblad, E Lindblad, P Fryzek, JP Dickman, PW Signorello, LB Lipworth, L Elinder, C Blot, WJ McLaughlin, JK Zack, MM Nyren, O TI Acetaminophen, aspirin, and chronic renal failure. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ANALGESIC USE; DISEASE; NEPHROPATHY; KIDNEY; PARACETAMOL; RISK AB Background: Several epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between heavy consumption of nonnarcotic analgesics and the occurrence of chronic renal failure, but it is unclear which is the cause and which is the effect. Methods: In a nationwide, population-based, case-control study of early-stage chronic renal failure in Sweden, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 926 patients with newly diagnosed renal failure and 998 control subjects, of whom 918 and 980, respectively, had complete data. We used logistic-regression models to estimate the relative risks of disease-specific types of chronic renal failure associated with the use of various analgesics. Results: Aspirin and acetaminophen were used regularly by 37 percent and 25 percent, respectively, of the patients with renal failure and by 19 percent and 12 percent, respectively, of the controls. Regular use of either drug in the absence of the other was associated with an increase by a factor of 2.5 in the risk of chronic renal failure from any cause. The relative risks rose with increasing cumulative lifetime doses, rose more consistently with acetaminophen use than with aspirin use, and were increased for most disease-specific types of chronic renal failure. When we disregarded the recent use of analgesics, which could have occurred in response to antecedents of renal disease, the associations were only slightly attenuated. Conclusions: Our results are consistent with the existence of exacerbating effects of acetaminophen and aspirin on chronic renal failure. However, we cannot rule out the possibility of bias due to the triggering of analgesic consumption by predisposing conditions. (N Engl J Med 2001;345:1801-8.) Copyright (C) 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. Huddinge Univ Hosp, Dept Renal Med, S-14186 Huddinge, Sweden. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Nashville, TN USA. Int Epidemiol Inst, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Fored, CM (reprint author), Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Epidemiol, Box 281, SE-17177 Stockholm, Sweden. RI Dickman, Paul/B-4572-2013 OI Dickman, Paul/0000-0002-5788-3380 NR 31 TC 132 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 6 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 345 IS 25 BP 1801 EP 1808 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa010323 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 503JF UT WOS:000172794800003 PM 11752356 ER PT J AU Bowen, MD Trappier, SG Sanchez, AJ Meyer, RF Goldsmith, CS Zaki, SR Dunster, LM Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST AF Bowen, MD Trappier, SG Sanchez, AJ Meyer, RF Goldsmith, CS Zaki, SR Dunster, LM Peters, CJ Ksiazek, TG Nichol, ST CA RVF Task Force TI A reassortant Bunyavirus isolated from acute hemorrhagic fever cases in Kenya and Somalia SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; BUNYAMWERA VIRUS; RNA SEGMENT; FAMILY BUNYAVIRIDAE; GENE-PRODUCT; PROTOTYPE AB In late 1997 and early 1998, a large outbreak of hemorrhagic fever occurred in East Africa. Clinical samples were collected in Kenya and southern Somalia, and 27 of 115 (23%) hemorrhagic fever patients tested showed evidence of acute infection with Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus as determined by IgM detection, virus isolation, detection of virus RNA by reverse transcription-polymerise chain reaction (RT-PCR), or immunohistochemistry. However, two patients (one from Kenya and the other from Somalia) whose illness met the hemorrhagic fever case definition yielded virus isolates that were not RVF Electron microscopy suggested these two virus isolates were members of the family Bunyaviridae. RT-PCR primers were designed to detect bunyavirus RNA in these samples. Regions of the S and L segments of the two isolates were successfully amplified, and their nucleotide sequences exhibited nearly complete identity with Bunyamwera virus, a mosquito-borne virus not previously associated with severe human disease. Unexpectedly, the virus M segment appeared to be reassorted, as the sequences detected exhibited 32-33% nucleotide and 28% amino acid differences relative to the corresponding M segment sequence of Bunyamwera virus, The association of this reassortant bunyavirus, proposed name Garissa virus, with severe disease is supported by the detection of the virus RNA in acute-phase sera taken from 12 additional hemorrhagic fever cases in the region. C1 CDCP, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. CDCP, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Nichol, ST (reprint author), CDCP, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G14,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. NR 22 TC 86 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD DEC 20 PY 2001 VL 291 IS 2 BP 185 EP 190 DI 10.1006/viro.2001.1201 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 513CZ UT WOS:000173361500001 PM 11878887 ER PT J AU Brechner, R DiFerdinando, G Bresnitz, E Factor, SH Matte, TD Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Richardson, M Peterson, E Stroube, R AF Brechner, R DiFerdinando, G Bresnitz, E Factor, SH Matte, TD Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Richardson, M Peterson, E Stroube, R CA CDC TI Update: Adverse events associated with anthrax prophylaxis among postal employees - New Jersey, New York City, and the District of Columbia metropolitan area, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1031-34, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Maryland Dept Hlth & Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. New York Acad Med, New York, NY USA. Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brechner, R (reprint author), Maryland Dept Hlth & Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 19 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 23 BP 2935 EP 2936 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 502VY UT WOS:000172764500008 ER PT J AU Quentzel, H Spear, S Barakat, L Lustig, N Spargo, K Cartter, M Garcia, J Barden, DM Mayo, DR Kelley, KA Hadler, J AF Quentzel, H Spear, S Barakat, L Lustig, N Spargo, K Cartter, M Garcia, J Barden, DM Mayo, DR Kelley, KA Hadler, J CA CDC TI Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related inhalation anthrax - Connecticut, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1029, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Griffin Hosp, Derby, CT 06418 USA. Naugatuck Valley Hlth Dist, Shelton, CT USA. Connecticut Dept Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quentzel, H (reprint author), Griffin Hosp, Derby, CT 06418 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 19 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 23 BP 2936 EP 2937 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 502VY UT WOS:000172764500009 ER PT J AU Kuntchev, A Kojuharova, M Gjurova, S Korsum, N Fiore, L AF Kuntchev, A Kojuharova, M Gjurova, S Korsum, N Fiore, L CA CDC TI Imported wild poliovirus causing poliomyelitis - Bulgaria, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1033-1035, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Natl Ctr Infect & Parasit Dis, Natl Enterovirus Lab, Sofia, Bulgaria. Reg Poliomyelitis Reference Lab, Rome, Italy. WHO, Reg Off Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. WHO, Vaccines & Other Biol Dept, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Resp & Enterovirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Global Immunizat Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 19 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 23 BP 2937 EP 2938 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 502VY UT WOS:000172764500010 ER PT J AU Averhoff, F Shapiro, CN Bell, BP Hyams, I Burd, L Deladisma, A Simard, EP Nalin, D Kuter, B Ward, C Lundberg, M Smith, N Margolis, HS AF Averhoff, F Shapiro, CN Bell, BP Hyams, I Burd, L Deladisma, A Simard, EP Nalin, D Kuter, B Ward, C Lundberg, M Smith, N Margolis, HS TI Control of hepatitis A through routine vaccination of children SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-WIDE OUTBREAK; A VACCINE AB Context The impact of routine hepatitis A vaccination of children living in large communities with elevated disease rates has not been evaluated. Objective To determine the effect of routine vaccination of children on disease incidence in a community with recurrent hepatitis A epidemics. Design, Setting, and Participants Community-based demonstration project conducted from January 12, 1995, through December 31, 2000, in Butte County, California, among children aged 2 to 17 years. Intervention In 1995, vaccination was offered to children aged 2 to 12 years during vaccination clinics conducted on 2 occasions 6 to 12 months apart at most schools in the county. In 1996-2000, vaccine was distributed to community health care clinicians, who vaccinated eligible children without charge. Vaccine was also available at health department clinics, selected child care centers, and other sites. Main Outcome Measures Hepatitis A vaccination coverage, hepatitis A incidence, and vaccine effectiveness. Results During the study period, 29789 (66.2%) of an estimated 44982 eligible children received at least 1 vaccine dose; 17681 (89.3%) received a second dose. The number of hepatitis A cases among the entire county population declined 93.5% during the study period, from 57 cases in 1995 to 4 in 2000, the lowest number of cases reported in the county since hepatitis A surveillance began in 1966. The 2000 incidence rate of 1.9 per 100000 population was the lowest of any county in the state. Of the 245 cases reported during the 6-year period, 40 (16.3%) occurred among children 17 years of age or younger, of which 16 (40%) occurred in 1995 and only 1 in 2000. One of the 27 case patients eligible for vaccination had been vaccinated, having received the first dose 3 days before symptom onset. The estimated protective vaccine efficacy was 98% (95% confidence interval, 86%-100%). Conclusions In this population, hepatitis A vaccine was highly effective in preventing disease among recipients. Childhood vaccination appears to have decreased hepatitis A incidence among children and adults and controlled the disease in a community with recurrent epidemics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Butte Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Oroville, CA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Immunizat Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Merck Vaccine Div, W Point, PA USA. Merck Res Labs, W Point, PA USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Simard, Edgar/G-4552-2010 OI Simard, Edgar/0000-0001-8093-2067 NR 25 TC 86 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 19 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 23 BP 2968 EP 2973 DI 10.1001/jama.286.23.2968 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 502VY UT WOS:000172764500028 PM 11743837 ER PT J AU Bunin, GR Gyllstrom, ME Brown, JE Kahn, EB Kushi, LH AF Bunin, GR Gyllstrom, ME Brown, JE Kahn, EB Kushi, LH TI Recall of diet during a past pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diet surveys; pregnancy; recall; reproducibility of results ID CHILDRENS-CANCER-GROUP; MATERNAL DIET; UNITED-STATES; QUESTIONNAIRE; WOMEN; RISKS AB The authors conducted a study of women's ability to recall diet during a past pregnancy. For a prospective study, women, completed self-administered food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) before and during pregnancy (1989-1992),. These women, mostly White and; well-educated, were contacted 3-7 years later (1996-1997) for a retrospective dietary assessment performed: by either telephone interview (n = 154) or self-administered FFQ (n = 115). Energy-adjusted Pearson correlations ranged from 0.10 to 0.49 for the telephone interview group and from 0.02 to 0.67 for the self-administered questionnaire group. When participants' intakes were ranked, quintile agreement (within one quintile) between original diet and recalled diet ranged from 60% to 69% in the telephone interview group and from 69% to 79% in the self-administered questionnaire group. Correlations and percentages of agreement were higher among women who used the same questionnaire for both dietary assessments than among those who used different questionnaires. These results suggest that diet during pregnancy is recalled with similar accuracy as or perhaps slightly lower accuracy than adult diet generally. This may reflect, in part, the influence of current (nonpregnancy) diet on recall of past (pregnancy) diet. While the results of this study may not, be generalizable to those obtained from other populations, to the authors' knowledge it is the first study of recall, of diet during pregnancy. C1 Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Oncol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, St Paul, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Community Guide Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ Teachers Coll, Dept Hlth & Behav Studies, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Bunin, GR (reprint author), Childrens Hosp Philadelphia, Div Oncol, 3535 Mkt St,Suite 1020, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. OI Kahn, Emily/0000-0001-7812-7958; Kushi, Lawrence/0000-0001-9136-1175 FU NCI NIH HHS [R01 CA60951]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD19724] NR 16 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 12 BP 1136 EP 1142 DI 10.1093/aje/154.12.1136 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 505GL UT WOS:000172905000010 PM 11744519 ER PT J AU Tashima, KT Hogan, JW Gardner, LI Korkontzelou, C Schoenbaum, EE Schuman, P Rompalo, A Carpenter, CCJ AF Tashima, KT Hogan, JW Gardner, LI Korkontzelou, C Schoenbaum, EE Schuman, P Rompalo, A Carpenter, CCJ TI A longitudinal analysis of hospitalization and emergency department use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women reporting protease inhibitor use SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID LINEAR MIXED MODELS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; EPIDEMIOLOGY-RESEARCH; HIV-INFECTION; IMPACT AB The impact of protease inhibitors (PIs) on emergency department (i.e., emergency room [ER]) visits and hospitalizations was examined among a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and high-risk women followed-up in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study (HERS) from 1993 through 1999. The rates of hospitalization and ER visits were measured as a function of recent or current PI use, age, race, transmission risk category, HERS site, baseline CD4 cell count, and baseline virus load; the PI effect was estimated separately by baseline CD4 cell count. In the HERS, PI use was strongly associated with lower rates of ER visits and hospitalizations for patients with baseline CD4 cell counts of <200 cells/mL (for hospitalizations: rate ratio [RR], 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.33-0.89; for ER visits: RR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.24-0.61). Other factors associated with increased hospitalization and ER use included history of injection drug use, low CD4 cell counts, and high virus loads. C1 Brown Univ, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Wayne State Univ, Detroit, MI USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Tashima, KT (reprint author), Brown Univ, Miriam Hosp, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI 02906 USA. RI Hogan, Joseph/J-4579-2014 FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-42853]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU200714, U64/CCU506831, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU306802] NR 18 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 12 BP 2055 EP 2060 DI 10.1086/323978 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 494QN UT WOS:000172297500015 PM 11700576 ER PT J AU Chen, RT Pool, V Takahashi, H Weniger, BG Patel, B AF Chen, RT Pool, V Takahashi, H Weniger, BG Patel, B TI Combination vaccines: Postlicensure safety evaluation SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Combination Vaccines CY FEB 02-04, 2000 CL NIH, WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Natl Vaccine Program Off HO NIH ID PEDIATRIC IBUPROFEN; ADVERSE REACTIONS; REPORTING-SYSTEM; UNITED-STATES; HEALTH-CARE; ISSUES; DATALINK; TRIAL AB The success of immunizations in nearly eliminating many vaccine-preventable diseases has resulted in an increase in the need to study risks from vaccines, combination or otherwise. The well-known limitations associated with prelicensure trials have led many to hope that postlicensure studies can address safety issues. This article reviews measures that have been or should be taken to meet this expectation: establishment of clinical immunization safety assessment centers, standardization of case definitions for vaccine adverse events, use of the Vaccine Identification Standards Initiative to improve the accuracy and efficiency with which vaccination records are transferred, integration of vaccine safety monitoring into immunization registries, establishment (and enlargement) of the Vaccine Safety Datalink project, use of innovative analytic tools for better signal detection, and implementation of various methods to overcome confounding by contraindication. Only by investing in vaccine safety infrastructure at a level commensurate with investments in vaccine development can we hope to retain the public's confidence in immunization. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccine Safety & Dev Act, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, RT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccine Safety & Dev Act, Natl Immunizat Program, MS-E61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 33 SU 4 BP S327 EP S333 DI 10.1086/322569 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 494QB UT WOS:000172293300012 PM 11709768 ER PT J AU Drobeniuc, J Favorov, MO Shapiro, CN Bell, BP Mast, EE Dadu, A Culver, D Iarovoi, P Robertson, BH Margolis, HS AF Drobeniuc, J Favorov, MO Shapiro, CN Bell, BP Mast, EE Dadu, A Culver, D Iarovoi, P Robertson, BH Margolis, HS TI Hepatitis E virus antibody prevalence among persons who work with swine SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 55th Annual International Northwestern Conference on Diseases of Nature Communicable to Man CY AUG 02, 2000 CL FT COLLINS, COLORADO ID NON-B HEPATITIS; MOSAIC PROTEIN; NON-A; IDENTIFICATION; SEROREACTIVITY; INFECTION AB Prevalence of antibody and risk factors to hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection were determined in a cross-sectional study of 2 group-matched populations: swine farmers (n = 264) and persons without occupational exposure to swine (n = 255) in Moldova, a country without reported cases of hepatitis E. The prevalence of HEV infection was higher among swine farmers than among the comparison group (51.1% vs. 24.7%; prevalence ratio, 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.62-2.64). In multivariate analysis, HEV infection was associated with an occupational history of cleaning barns or assisting sows at birth (odds ratio [OR], 2.46; 95% CI, 1.52-4.01), years of occupational exposure (OR, 1.04 per year; 95% CI, 1.01-1.07), and a history of drinking raw milk (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.08-2.40). HEV infection was not associated with civilian travel abroad or having piped water in the household. The increased prevalence of HEV infection among persons with occupational exposure to swine suggests animal-to-human transmission of this infection. C1 CDCP, Hepatitis Branch,WHO Collaborating Ctr Res & Refe, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Sci & Appl Prevent Med, Dept Virol & Hosp Infect, Kishinev, Moldova. RP Drobeniuc, J (reprint author), CDCP, Hepatitis Branch,WHO Collaborating Ctr Res & Refe, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 136 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 12 BP 1594 EP 1597 DI 10.1086/324566 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 498ZW UT WOS:000172545000013 PM 11740735 ER PT J AU Krebs, JW Mondul, AM Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE AF Krebs, JW Mondul, AM Rupprecht, CE Childs, JE TI Public veterinary medicine: Public health - Rabies surveillance in the United States during 2000 SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID RACCOON RABIES; VACCINATION PROGRAM; ORAL VACCINATION; VIRUS; COYOTES; EXPOSURES; WILDLIFE; EFFICACY; ANIMALS AB During 2000, 49 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico reported 7,364 cases of rabies in nonhuman animals and 5 cases in human beings to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an increase of 4.3% from 7,067 cases in nonhuman animals reported in 1999. Ninety-three percent (6,855 cases) were in wild animals, whereas 6.9% (509 cases) were in domestic species (compared with 91.5% in wild animals and 8.5% in domestic species in 1999). Compared with cases reported in 1999, the number of cases reported in 2000 increased among bats, dogs, foxes, skunks, and sheep/goats and decreased among cats, cattle, horses/mules, raccoons, and swine. The relative contributions of the major groups of animals were as follows: raccoons (37.7%; 2,778 cases), skunks (30.2%; 2,223), bats (16.8%; 1,240), foxes (6.2%; 453), cats (3.4%; 249), dogs (1 6%; 114), and cattle (1.1%; 83). Ten of the 19 states where the raccoon-associated variant of the rabies virus has been enzootic reported increases in the numbers of cases of rabies during 2000. Among those states that have engaged in extensive wildlife rabies control programs, no cases of rabies associated with the epizootic of rabies in raccoons (or in any other terrestrial species) were reported in Ohio, compared with 6 cases reported in 1999. No rabies cases associated with the dog/coyote variant (compared with 10 cases in 1999, including 5 in dogs) were reported in Texas, and cases associated with the gray fox variant of the virus decreased (58 cases in 2000, including 38 among foxes), Reports of rabid skunks exceeded those of rabid raccoons in Massachusetts and Rhode Island, states with enzootic raccoon rabies, for the fourth consecutive year. Nationally, the number of rabies cases in skunks increased by 7.1% from that reported in 1999. The greatest numerical increase in rabid skunks (550 cases in 2000, compared with 192 in 1999) was reported in Texas. The number of cases of rabies reported in bats (1,240) during 2000 increased 25.4% over the number reported during 1999 (989) and represented the greatest contribution (16.8% of the total number of rabid animals) ever recorded for this group of mammals, Cases of rabies reported in cattle (83) and cats (249) decreased by 38.5% and 10.4%, respectively, whereas cases in dogs (114) increased by 2.7% over those reported in 1999, Reported cases of rabies among horses and mules declined 20% from 65 cases in 1999 to 52 cases in 2000. Four indigenously acquired cases of rabies reported in human beings were caused by variants of the rabies virus associated with bats. One case of human rabies acquired outside the United States that resulted from a dog bite was caused by the canine variant of the rabies virus. C1 CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Krebs, JW (reprint author), CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 38 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 219 IS 12 BP 1687 EP 1699 DI 10.2460/javma.2001.219.1687 PG 13 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 500MB UT WOS:000172630400030 PM 11767918 ER PT J AU Alioum, A Dabis, F Dequae-Merchadou, L Haverkamp, G Hudgens, M Hughes, J Karon, J Leroy, V Newell, ML Richardson, B Weverling, GJ AF Alioum, A Dabis, F Dequae-Merchadou, L Haverkamp, G Hudgens, M Hughes, J Karon, J Leroy, V Newell, ML Richardson, B Weverling, GJ CA Ghent Grp TI Estimating the efficacy of interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV in breast-feeding populations: development of a consensus methodology SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID INTERVAL-CENSORED-DATA; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATOR; FAILURE TIME DATA; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED-TRIAL; PERINATAL EXPOSURE; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; 2-SAMPLE TEST; COTE-DIVOIRE; INFECTION AB Postnatal transmission of HIV through breast milk complicates both the design of effective interventions to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and their evaluation. Estimated long-term efficacy in five African trials (four with peri-partum antiretrovirals and one with artificial feeding) varied from 25 to 50 per cent. This variation may be due, at least in part, to differences in analytical methodology. To facilitate direct comparison between trials, a methodological consensus approach to the analysis and presentation of the results of PMTCT trials was developed. The initial methodology used and results presented from African trials with available long-term efficacy data were reviewed during a workshop in Bordeaux, France, in September 2000. A consensus approach for evaluating efficacy applicable across PMTCT studies was developed. There are four typical situations defined by duration of follow-up (short versus long), and the available demographic (vital status) and biological data (single versus repeat HIV testing). Efficacy can be assessed from the risk of infection directly or from HIV-free survival by combining infection and death as a single endpoint. Studies should report results in a standardized format including infection, weaning, mortality and loss to follow-up. New statistical methods that account for the unknown date when a child would first test positive for HIV, for weaning as a competing risk for HIV infection, and for increased risk of death among HIV-infected children should be used in analysing data from PMTCT studies with repeat HIV testing. All estimates should be reported with confidence intervals. This standardized methodology that allows direct comparison between studies is now being applied to four randomized clinical trials. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Bordeaux 2, INSERM, U330, ISPED, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, IATEC, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Fred Hutchinson Canc Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. UCL, Inst Child Hlth, Ctr Paediat Epidemiol & Biostat, London, England. AMC, Dept Clin Epidemiol & Biostat, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Dabis, F (reprint author), Univ Bordeaux 2, INSERM, U330, ISPED, F-33076 Bordeaux, France. EM francois.dabis@isped.u-bordeaux2.fr RI Leroy, Valeriane/F-8129-2013 OI Leroy, Valeriane/0000-0003-3542-8616 NR 53 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0277-6715 EI 1097-0258 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 23 BP 3539 EP 3556 DI 10.1002/sim.1076 PG 18 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 497GV UT WOS:000172447800006 PM 11746336 ER PT J AU Datta, S Satten, GA AF Datta, S Satten, GA TI Validity of the Aalen-Johansen estimators of stage occupation probabilities and Nelson-Aalen estimators of integrated transition hazards for non-Markov models SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE multistage model; nonparametric estimation; product integral; product limit estimator; survival analysis AB We consider estimation of integrated transition hazard and stage occupation probabilities using right censored i.i.d. data that come from a general multistage model which is not Markov. We show that the Nelson-Aalen estimator for the integrated transition hazard of a Markov process consistently estimates a population quantity even when the underlying process is not Markov. Further, the Aalen-Johansen estimators of the stage occupation probabilities constructed from these integrated hazards via product integration are valid (i.e., consistent) for a general multistage model that is not Markov. These observations appear to have been unnoticed in the literature, where validity of the Aalen-Johansen estimators is only claimed for Markov models. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. NR 10 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2001 VL 55 IS 4 BP 403 EP 411 DI 10.1016/S0167-7152(01)00155-9 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 507EE UT WOS:000173013400009 ER PT J AU Strebel, PM Cochi, SL AF Strebel, PM Cochi, SL TI Waving goodbye to measles SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID AMERICA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Strebel, PM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD PI LONDON PA PORTERS SOUTH, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 13 PY 2001 VL 414 IS 6865 BP 695 EP 696 DI 10.1038/414695a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 501GD UT WOS:000172676200023 PM 11742373 ER PT J CA CDC TI Cigarette smoking among adults - United States, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 869-873, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Epidemiol Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Epidemiol Branch, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 12 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 22 BP 2802 EP 2804 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 500YC UT WOS:000172655400010 ER PT J AU Davanzo, F Faraoni, L Miceli, G Conticello, M Bongiovanni, L Ballard, T Settimi, L Rubbiani, M Marcello, I Bascherini, S Mehler, L AF Davanzo, F Faraoni, L Miceli, G Conticello, M Bongiovanni, L Ballard, T Settimi, L Rubbiani, M Marcello, I Bascherini, S Mehler, L CA CDC TI Pesticide-related illnesses associated with the use of a plant growth regulator - Italy, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 845-847, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Milan Poison Control Ctr, Milan, Italy. Ragusa Occupat Hlth Unit, Ragusa, Italy. Italian Natl Inst Hlth, Rome, Italy. Calif Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA USA. CDC, Surveillance Branch, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Davanzo, F (reprint author), Milan Poison Control Ctr, Milan, Italy. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 12 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 22 BP 2804 EP 2805 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 500YC UT WOS:000172655400011 ER PT J AU Potter, L AF Potter, L CA CDC TI Influence of homicide on racial disparity in life expectancy - United States, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 780-783, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Educ Dev Ctr Inc, Childrens Safety Network Educ Dept, Boston, MA USA. CDC, Etiol & Surveillance Branch, Div Violence Prevent,Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Potter, L (reprint author), Educ Dev Ctr Inc, Childrens Safety Network Educ Dept, Boston, MA USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 12 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 22 BP 2805 EP 2806 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 500YC UT WOS:000172655400012 ER PT J AU Hisaeda, H Collins, WE Saul, A Stowers, AW AF Hisaeda, H Collins, WE Saul, A Stowers, AW TI Antibodies to Plasmodium vivax transmission-blocking vaccine candidate antigens Pvs25 and Pvs28 do not show synergism SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium vivax; transmission-blocking vaccine; Pvs25 and Pvs28 ID SURFACE PROTEIN; FALCIPARUM; MALARIA; PFS25; TARGET; STAGE; TRANSFORMATION; ZYGOTES; BERGHEI; GALLINACEUM AB Transmission-blocking vaccines against malaria parasites target molecules expressed by sexual stage parasites to elicit antibodies that prevent the infection of the mosquito vector. Pvs25 and Pvs28, expressed on the surface of ookinetes, are potential candidates for such a vaccine and induce antibodies that block the infectivity of Plasmodium vivax in immunized animals. To improve the ability to induce transmission-blocking antibodies, Pvs25 and Pvs28 were produced as a single fusion protein by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mice immunized with a low dose of the chimeric molecule (Pvs25-28) developed higher antibody responses compared with mice immunized with either Pvs25 or Pvs28. In membrane feeding assays, both anti-Pvs25-28 and anti-Pvs25 antisera had similarly potent transmission-blocking activities (and both were much greater than anti-Pvs28). Furthermore, serum from mice simultaneously immunized with both Pvs25 and Pvs28, or serum mixtures of anti-Pvs25 alone and anti-Pvs28 alone did not enhance the efficacy over anti-Pvs25 serum alone, demonstrating that there is no synergism in the ability to block transmission of P. vivax between anti-Pvs25 and anti-Pvs28 antibodies. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Univ Tokushima, Sch Med, Dept Parasitol & Immunol, Tokushima 7708503, Japan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Sci Resources Program, Div Parasit Dis & Anim Resources Branch, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Stowers, AW (reprint author), NIAID, Malaria Vaccine Dev Unit, NIH, 5640 Fisher Lane, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. RI Saul, Allan/I-6968-2013 OI Saul, Allan/0000-0003-0665-4091 NR 23 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 12 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 763 EP 770 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00402-9 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 504TJ UT WOS:000172871700015 PM 11738740 ER PT J AU Lodmell, DL Parnell, MJ Bailey, JR Ewalt, LC Hanlon, CA AF Lodmell, DL Parnell, MJ Bailey, JR Ewalt, LC Hanlon, CA TI One-time gene gun or intramuscular rabies DNA vaccination of non-human primates: comparison of neutralizing antibody responses and protection against rabies virus 1 year after vaccination SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rabies virus; DNA vaccine; protection; neutralizing antibody ID SURGICAL STRESS; RHESUS MACAQUES; MICE; IMMUNIZATION; RECOVERY; IMMUNITY; CELLS; DOGS; INFECTION; EXPOSURE AB We have previously shown that Macaca fascicularis (Cynomologus) monkeys receiving a primary and either one or two booster rabies DNA vaccinations are protected against rabies virus. In this study, we determined whether monkeys that had been vaccinated only once via gene gun or intramuscularly (i.m.) with different concentrations of DNA would be protected against rabies virus challenge. Neutralizing antibody responses were assayed for I year before the monkeys were challenged. Neutralizing antibody was detected at least 50 days earlier in gene gun vaccinated as compared to i.m. vaccinated animals. Prior to viral challenge, all (6/6, 100%) gene gun vaccinated animals, but only 3/6 (50%) i.m. vaccinated animals seroconverted In general, antibody titers of the gene gun vaccinated animals were higher than the titers of the i.m. vaccinated animals. There was no correlation between the concentration of DNA used for vaccination, the neutralizing antibody responses elicited and protection against viral challenge. Seven days after viral challenge, a rapid and strong anamnestic antibody response Was elicited in 100% of the gene gun vaccinated monkeys and in four i.m. vaccinated monkeys. Neutralizing antibody remained undetectable in two i.m. vaccinated monkeys. Overall, 60% (3/5) of the gene gun vaccinated animals and 87% (5/6) of the i.m. vaccinated monkeys survived viral challenge. This study is the first, to our knowledge, to show long-term protection of non-human primates against a human viral pathogen using a DNA vaccination protocol that did not include a booster immunization. Published by Elsevier, Science Ltd. C1 NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Rabies Sect,Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lodmell, DL (reprint author), NIAID, Rocky Mt Labs, Persistent Viral Dis Lab, Hamilton, MT 59840 USA. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD DEC 12 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 5-6 BP 838 EP 844 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00392-9 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 504TJ UT WOS:000172871700022 PM 11738747 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K Parekh, BS Padian, NS Van der Straten, A Phillips, S Jonte, J Holmberg, SD AF Buchacz, K Parekh, BS Padian, NS Van der Straten, A Phillips, S Jonte, J Holmberg, SD TI HIV-specific IgG in cervicovaginal secretions of exposed HIV-uninfected female sexual partners of HIV-infected men SO AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; SERONEGATIVE PARTNERS; ANTIBODY; MUCOSAL; TRANSMISSION; INDIVIDUALS; RESPONSES; THAILAND; WORKERS; INFANTS AB The presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific antibodies was examined in plasma and cervicovaginal (mucosal) samples of 24 HIV-exposed uninfected (EU) female sexual partners of HIV-infected men, and compared with findings in 18 HIV-infected and 15 low-risk HIV-uninfected women. Only HIV-infected women had detectable HIV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) (18 of 18) or HIV-IgA (6 of 18) in cervicovaginal samples by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). However, 3 of 24 EU women had positive Western blot (WB) for HIV-IgG in cervicovaginal secretions, while 2 of 24 EU women and 1 of 15 low-risk controls had indeterminate IgG-WB. EU women with positive or indeterminate IgG-WB in the cervicovaginal samples were similar in risk to the remaining EU women. None of the HIV-uninfected women had mucosal HIV-IgA. The findings suggest that some sexually or parenterally exposed HIV-uninfected women might develop low-level mucosal IgG responses. However, it appears unlikely, that HIV-specific cervicovaginal antibodies play a major role in protection from HIV infection in this EU population. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94105 USA. RP Buchacz, K (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Biostat AIDS Res, 651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U64/CCU912270] NR 17 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 0889-2229 J9 AIDS RES HUM RETROV JI Aids Res. Hum. Retrovir. PD DEC 10 PY 2001 VL 17 IS 18 BP 1689 EP 1693 DI 10.1089/08892220152741388 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 507VF UT WOS:000173051400001 PM 11788020 ER PT J AU Malecki, J Wiersma, S Bresnitz, E DiFerdinando, G Lurie, P Nalluswami, K Hathcock, L Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Richardson, M Brechner, R Stroube, R Burans, J AF Malecki, J Wiersma, S Bresnitz, E DiFerdinando, G Lurie, P Nalluswami, K Hathcock, L Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Richardson, M Brechner, R Stroube, R Burans, J CA CDC TI Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 1008-1010, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, W Palm Beach, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Svcs, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. USN, Res Ctr Detachment, Lima, Peru. US Dept Def, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Malecki, J (reprint author), Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, W Palm Beach, FL USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 5 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 21 BP 2662 EP 2663 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 498AU UT WOS:000172488300008 ER PT J AU Chamberlain, M Bunge, M Otto, W Anderson, H McKenney, N LeMay, W AF Chamberlain, M Bunge, M Otto, W Anderson, H McKenney, N LeMay, W CA CDC TI Potential risk for lead exposure in dental offices (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 873-874, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Lead Poisoning Prevent Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 5 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 21 BP 2664 EP 2664 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 498AU UT WOS:000172488300010 ER PT J AU Stevens, JA Adekoya, N AF Stevens, JA Adekoya, N TI Brain injury resulting from falls among elderly persons SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Acute Care Rehabil Res & Disabil Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Stevens, JA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 5 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 21 BP 2665 EP 2665 DI 10.1001/jama.286.21.2665 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 498AU UT WOS:000172488300011 PM 11730427 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG Rosenstein, NE Shutt, KA AF Bruce, MG Rosenstein, NE Shutt, KA TI Meningococcal disease in college students - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CDCP, Arctic Invest Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Meningitis & SPecial Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bruce, MG (reprint author), CDCP, Arctic Invest Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 5 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 21 BP 2668 EP 2668 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 498AU UT WOS:000172488300019 ER PT J AU Anderson, M Kaufman, J Simon, TR Barrios, L Paulozzi, L Ryan, G Hammond, R Modzeleski, W Feucht, T Potter, L AF Anderson, M Kaufman, J Simon, TR Barrios, L Paulozzi, L Ryan, G Hammond, R Modzeleski, W Feucht, T Potter, L CA Sch-Assoc Violent Deaths Study Grp TI School-associated violent deaths in the United States, 1994-1999 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BULLIES; VICTIMS AB Context Despite the public alarm following a series of high-profile school shootings that occurred in the United States during the late 1990s, little is known about the actual incidence and characteristics of school-associated violent deaths. Objective To describe recent trends and features of school-associated violent deaths in the United States. Design, Setting, and Subjects Population-based surveillance study of data collected from media databases, state and local agencies, and police and school officials for July 1, 1994, through June 30, 1999. A case was defined as a homicide, suicide, legal intervention, or unintentional firearm-related death of a student or nonstudent in which the fatal injury occurred (1) on the campus of a public or private elementary or secondary school, (2) while the victim was on the way to or from such a school, or (3) while the victim was attending or traveling to or from an official school-sponsored event. Main Outcome Measures National estimates of risk of school-associated violent death; national trends in school-associated violent deaths; common features of these events; and potential risk factors for perpetration and victimization. Results Between 1994 and 1999, 220 events resulting in 253 deaths were identified; 202 events involved 1 death and 18 involved multiple deaths (median, 2 deaths per multiple-victim event). Of the 220 events, 172 were homicides, 30 were suicides, 11 were homicide-suicides, 5 were legal intervention deaths, and 2 were unintentional firearm-related deaths. Students accounted for 172 (68.0%) of these deaths, resulting in an estimated average annual incidence of 0.068 per 100000 students. Between 1992 and 1999, the rate of single-victim student homicides decreased-significantly (P=.03); however, homicide rates for students killed in multiple-victim events increased (P=.047). Most events occurred around the start of the school day, the lunch period, or the end of the school day. For 120 (54.5%) of the incidents, respondents reported that a note, threat, or other action potentially indicating risk for violence occurred prior to the event. Homicide offenders were more likely than homicide victims to have expressed some form of suicidal behavior prior to the event (odds ratio [OR], 6.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96-24.65) and been bullied by their peers (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.12-5.92). Conclusions Although school-associated violent deaths remain rare events, they have occurred often enough to allow for the detection of patterns and the identification of potential risk factors. This information may help schools respond to this problem. C1 CDCP, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Div Adolescent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Dept Sociol, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. US Dept Educ, Safe & Drug Free Sch Program, Washington, DC USA. US Dept Justice, Natl Inst Justice, Washington, DC 20530 USA. Educ Dev Ctr Inc, Newton, MA USA. RP Anderson, M (reprint author), CDCP, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Mailstop K-60,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 5 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 21 BP 2695 EP 2702 DI 10.1001/jama.286.21.2695 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 498AU UT WOS:000172488300029 PM 11730445 ER PT J AU Assefa, F Jabarkhil, MZ Salama, P Spiegel, P AF Assefa, F Jabarkhil, MZ Salama, P Spiegel, P TI Malnutrition and mortality in Kohistan dstrict, Afghanistan, April 2001 SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB Context The humanitarian situation in Afghanistan has been deteriorating for more than 3 years because of civil war and severe drought. Because of recent events, the international community is predicting a severe worsening of the country's current situation. Objective To assess the magnitude and causes of mortality and prevalence of malnutrition in Kohistan district, Faryab province, Afghanistan. Design Two-stage, 30-cluster household survey conducted April 4 through 10, 2001, which included anthropometric measurements, assessment of food coping mechanisms, and retrospective mortality data collection for November 26, 2000, through April 4, 2001. Setting and Participants A total of 378 households comprising 3165 people living in Kohistan district, Faryab province, Afghanistan. Main Outcome Measures Crude mortality rate, mortality rate among children younger than 5 years, causes of death, prevalence of wasting and stunting among children aged 6 to 59 months (weight-for-height and height-for-age z scores <-2, respectively), and food coping mechanisms. Results The crude mortality rate among the 3165 persons surveyed during the period of interest was 2.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7-3.5) per 10000 per day and the mortality rate among 763 children younger than 5 years was 5.9 (95% CI, 2.0-8.8) per 10000 per day, Diarrhea (25.0%), respiratory tract infections (19.4%), measles (15.7%), and scurvy (6.5%) caused most of the 108 deaths. The prevalences of wasting and stunting among 708 children aged 6 to 59 months were 7.0% (95% CI, 5.9%-9.0%) and 63.7% (95% CI, 58.6%-68.8%), respectively. Evidence of late-stage food coping mechanisms and prefamine indicators existed among the population. Conclusions These data indicate that, by April 2001, a humanitarian crisis already existed in Kohistan. Essential humanitarian services, including food aid and public health programs, are urgently required in such regions of Afghanistan and will be crucial if a worsening humanitarian crisis is to be avoided. For these services and programs to be implemented, the international community needs to create adequate humanitarian space (ie, a secure and accessible location where humanitarian organizations can provide services to emergency-affected populations) to ensure that humanitarian organizations have access to populations within Afghanistan as well as to refugees who flee to surrounding countries. C1 Save Children USA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Assefa, F (reprint author), Save Children USA, 2000 M St NW,Suite 500, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 19 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 5 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 21 BP 2723 EP 2728 DI 10.1001/jama.286.21.2723 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 498AU UT WOS:000172488300034 PM 11730450 ER PT J AU Wu, FM Beuchat, LR Wells, JG Slutsker, L Doyle, MP Swaminathan, B AF Wu, FM Beuchat, LR Wells, JG Slutsker, L Doyle, MP Swaminathan, B TI Factors influencing the detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 on alfalfa seeds SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE E. coli O157 : H7; alfalfa seeds ID SPROUTS; SALMONELLA; OUTBREAK; INFECTIONS; FOOD AB Isolating Escherichia coli O157:H7 from batches of alfalfa seeds used to produce sprouts implicated in human illness has been difficult, perhaps due to nonhomogenous and very low-level contamination and inaccessibility of the pathogen entrapped in protected areas of the seed coat. We evaluated the effectiveness of various treatments in releasing E. coli O157:H7 from seeds. The influence of homogenization (blending or stomaching for 1 or 2 min), rinsing method (shaking for 5 min), soaking time (0, 1, 3, 6, or 15 h), soaking temperature (4 or 21 degreesC), and the addition of surfactants (0.1%, 0.5%, or 1.0% Tween 80 or Span 20) to rinse water was determined. Blending or stomaching for I or 2 min, and soaking for I h or longer at 4 or 21 degreesC, respectively, resulted in maximum release of E. coli 0 1 57:H7 from seeds. Soaking seeds at 37 degreesC for 15 h increased cell populations of E. coli O157:H7 by approximately 3.6 log(10) CFU/g, likely due to bacterial growth. The maximum number of cells released from seeds by rinse water containing 1.0% Span 20 was at 21 degreesC, whereas at 37 degreesC, 0.1% or 0.5% Tween 80 was more effective. Detection of E. coli O157:H7 on seeds stored at 37 degreesC for up to 13 weeks and on sprouts derived from these seeds was compared. E. coli O157:H7 inoculated on seeds at 2.0 log(10) CFU/g was detected after storage of seeds for up to 8 weeks at 37 degreesC and in sprouts produced from the seeds. The pathogen was not detected on seeds stored for 13 weeks at 37 degreesC and was not isolated from sprouts produced from these seeds. Identifying seed treatment methods that enhance removal of E. coli O157:H7 from alfalfa seeds can aid the isolation and enumeration of the pathogen on seeds. With a combination of optimal conditions for detecting the pathogen, i.e. soaking seeds for 1 h and pummeling seeds for I min, an enrichment step in modified tryptic soy broth (TSB), and the use of immunomagnetic beads for separation of E. coli O157:H7 cells, E. coli O157:H7 was detected in alfalfa seeds incubated at 37 degreesC for up to 8 weeks as effectively as in sprouts produced from the seeds. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Doyle, MP (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Ctr Food Safety, 1109 Expt St, Griffin, GA 30223 USA. NR 16 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD DEC 4 PY 2001 VL 71 IS 1 BP 93 EP 99 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00559-1 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 499FD UT WOS:000172559600011 PM 11764897 ER PT J AU Rayner, JC Vargas-Serrato, E Huber, CS Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW AF Rayner, JC Vargas-Serrato, E Huber, CS Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW TI A Plasmodium falciparum homologue of Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein (PvRBP1) defines a trypsin-resistant erythrocyte invasion pathway SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE glycophorin; malaria; merozoite; erythrocyte; reticulocyte ID DUFFY BLOOD-GROUP; MASS RHOPTRY PROTEIN; MALARIAL PARASITES; RECEPTOR HETEROGENEITY; RODENT MALARIA; GLYCOPHORIN-B; MEROZOITES; ANTIGEN; YOELII; ANTIBODIES AB Invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodium merozoites is an intricate process involving multiple receptor-ligand interactions. The glycophorins and an unknown trypsin sensitive factor are all erythrocyte receptors used during invasion by the major human pathogen Plasmodium falciparum. However, only one erythrocyte receptor, Glycophorin A, has a well-established cognate parasite ligand, the merozoite protein erythrocyte binding antigen-175 (EBA-175). The involvement of several other parasite proteins during invasion have been proposed, but no direct evidence links them with a specific invasion pathway. Here we report the identification and characterization of P. falciparum normocyte binding protein I (PfNBP1), an ortholog of Plasmodium vivax reticulocyte binding protein-1. PfNBP1 binds to a sialic acid dependent trypsin-resistant receptor on the erythrocyte surface that appears to be distinct from known invasion receptors. Antibodies against PfNBP1 can inhibit invasion of trypsinized erythrocytes and two P. falciparum strains that express truncated PfNBP1 are unable to invade trypsinized erythrocytes. One of these strain, 7G8, also does not invade Glycophorin B-negative erythrocytes. PfNBP1 therefore defines a novel trypsin-resistant invasion pathway and adds a level of complexity to current models for P. falciparum erythrocyte invasion. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Barnwell, JW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS F-13,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI024710, AI24710-13] NR 42 TC 146 Z9 150 U1 0 U2 5 PU ROCKEFELLER UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 1114 FIRST AVE, 4TH FL, NEW YORK, NY 10021 USA SN 0022-1007 J9 J EXP MED JI J. Exp. Med. PD DEC 3 PY 2001 VL 194 IS 11 BP 1571 EP 1581 DI 10.1084/jem.194.11.1571 PG 11 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 500ZX UT WOS:000172659500003 PM 11733572 ER PT J AU Lawrence, JSS Wilson, TE Eldridge, GD Brasfield, TL O'Bannon, RE AF Lawrence, JSS Wilson, TE Eldridge, GD Brasfield, TL O'Bannon, RE TI Community-based interventions to reduce low income, African American women's risk of sexually transmitted diseases: A randomized controlled trial of three theoretical models SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE African American women; HIV; sexual risk behavior; interventions to reduce risk behavior; theory-driven interventions ID HIV AIDS-PREVENTION; INFECTION; ADOLESCENTS; BEHAVIOR; KNOWLEDGE; IMPACT; SKILLS; SEX AB A community-based sample of disadvantaged African American women (n = 445) was recruited to participate in I of 3 theoretically driven experimental interventions based on either the theory of gender and power, social learning theory, or cognitive behavioral theory. Intervention outcomes were compared with a waiting list control condition. From baseline to postintervention, women in the experimental interventions showed differential change on cognitive indices (knowledge and attitudes) and skill acquisition (partner negotiation skills, correct condom application, lubricant selection, and information provision to social networks) whereas control participants were unchanged. Women in the 3 experimental interventions also completed follow-up assessments for 1 year following the interventions. In all 3 experimental conditions, condom use increased relative to the control group and there were no differences between the experimental interventions. Women who participated in one of the theoretically grounded interventions continued to increase condom use over the following year. Women entering new relationships reported significantly more condom use than did women who remained in ongoing relationships. The findings suggest that intervention models that have proven effective for women who engage in high-risk behavior may be less effective for women in established relationships for whom risk is primarily derived from the extra relationship behavior of their partners. C1 CDCP, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS USA. SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. RP Lawrence, JSS (reprint author), CDCP, Behav Intervent & Res Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM nzs4@cdc.gov NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0091-0562 EI 1573-2770 J9 AM J COMMUN PSYCHOL JI Am. J. Community Psychol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 29 IS 6 BP 937 EP 964 PG 28 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology, Multidisciplinary; Social Work SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Psychology; Social Work GA 513DG UT WOS:000173362200006 ER PT J AU Vlahov, D Dannenberg, AL Thacker, SB AF Vlahov, D Dannenberg, AL Thacker, SB TI Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Epidemic Intelligence Service's 50th anniversary SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vlahov, D (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 981 EP 981 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.981 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400001 ER PT J AU Koplan, JP Thacker, SB AF Koplan, JP Thacker, SB TI Fifty years of epidemiology at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Significant and consequential SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE history; training support AB The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) was the vision of Alexander Langmuir, who developed a program with a vital mission to address an unmet need in the United States. The Communicable Disease Center, now the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; Atlanta, Georgia), and the EIS steadily expanded from focusing on infectious disease to address chronic diseases, health statistics, occupational and environmental health and safety, injury prevention and control, and reproductive health. Langmuir recognized the need for epidemiologists to collaborate with others, initially from the laboratory and later including veterinarians, demographers, statisticians, nutritionists, behavioral and social scientists, industrial hygienists, and sanitarians. These partnerships stimulated the further evolution of the EIS Program to include sophisticated statistical analysis, economics, and the tools of the behavioral and social sciences. A mixture of analytical rigor and practical application characterizes the practice of epidemiology at CDC and in the EIS. Thus, the "significant" in the title of this paper refers to the analytical rigor of the public health approach and the validity of the results, while the "consequential" reflects the practical application of the results, trying to make a difference in health outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Koplan, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, 1600 Clifton Rd D14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 982 EP 984 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.982 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400002 PM 11724712 ER PT J AU Thacker, SB Dannenberg, AL Hamilton, DH AF Thacker, SB Dannenberg, AL Hamilton, DH TI Epidemic Intelligence Service of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: 50 years of training and service in applied epidemiology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE history; training support ID PROGRAM AB The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) was established in 1951 at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, as a combined training and service program in the practice of applied epidemiology. Since then, nearly 2,500 professionals have served in this 2-year program of the US Public Health Service. The experience of an EIS Officer has been modified because of the increased need for more sophisticated analytical methods and the use of microcomputers, as well as CDC's expanded mission into chronic diseases, environmental health, occupational health, and injury control. Officers who have entered the EIS in the past 20 years are more likely than their predecessors to stay in public health either at the federal level or in state and local health departments. The EIS Program continues to be a critical source for health professionals trained to respond to the demand for epidemiologic services both domestically and internationally. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,C08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 985 EP 992 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.985 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400003 PM 11724713 ER PT J AU White, ME McDonnell, SM Werker, DH Cardenas, VM Thacker, SB AF White, ME McDonnell, SM Werker, DH Cardenas, VM Thacker, SB TI Partnerships in International Applied Epidemiology Training and Service, 1975-2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); competency-based education; education; international cooperation; public health ID HEALTH PRACTICE; PUBLIC-HEALTH; PHILIPPINES; ERADICATION; PROGRAMS AB In 1951 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention created the Epidemic Intelligence Service to provide training and epidemiologic service on the model of a clinical residency program. By January 2001, an additional 28 applied epidemiology and training programs (AETPs) had been implemented around the globe (with over 945 graduates and 420 persons currently in training). Field Epidemiology Training Programs and Public Health Schools Without Walls are the most common models. Applied epidemiologists, or field epidemiologists, use science as the basis for intervention programs designed to improve public health. AETPs train people by providing them with health competencies through providing service to public health intervention programs and strengthening health systems. AETPs are relatively expensive to create and maintain, but they are highly sustainable and can produce immediate benefits. Of the 19 programs that began before 1997, 18 (95%) continue to produce graduates. The Training Programs in Epidemiology for Public Health Interventions Network was organized in 1997 to provide support, peer review, and quality assurance for AETPs. In 2001, new programs are planned or in development in India, Argentina, China, and Russia. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Hlth Canada, Field Epidemiol Training Program, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Training Programs Epidemiol & Publ Hlth Intervent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, El Paso, TX 79968 USA. RP White, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Int Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-72, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 993 EP 999 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.993 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400004 PM 11724714 ER PT J AU Perz, JF Craig, AS Jorgensen, DM Hall, S Schaffner, W AF Perz, JF Craig, AS Jorgensen, DM Hall, S Schaffner, W TI Evaluation of innovative surveillance for drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE community-acquired infections; drug resistance, microbial; epidemiologic methods; laboratories, hospital; microbial sensitivity tests; pneumococcal infections; population surveillance; Streptococcus pneumoniae ID UNITED-STATES; PENICILLIN; MANAGEMENT; INFECTIONS AB To monitor disease incidence and antibiotic resistance, effective, practical surveillance strategies are needed at the local level for drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (DRSP). Knox County Tennessee, participates in three forms of DRSP surveillance: an active system sponsored by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; Atlanta, Georgia); a novel county-sponsored system; and conventional state-mandated reporting. Ascertainment of invasive S. pneumoniae infection cases by each system in 1998 was evaluated, and completeness of reporting, antibiotic resistance patterns, costs, and other attributes were compared. The county-sponsored system collects patient identifiers and drug susceptibility data directly from hospital laboratories, whereas the CDC-sponsored system performs medical chart abstractions and reference laboratory susceptibility testing. Similar numbers of invasive S. pneumoniae cases were detected by the county-sponsored (n = 127) and CDC-sponsored (n = 123) systems; these systems held > 75% of all cases in common, and each system achieved > 85% sensitivity. Conventional reporting contained 88% and 76% of the DRSP cases identified by the county- and CDC-sponsored systems, respectively, but did not capture infections produced by susceptible isolates. Both the county- and CDC-sponsored systems indicated that large proportions of isolates were resistant to penicillin and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The county-sponsored DRSP surveillance system was inexpensive, simple to execute, and relevant to local needs. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Htlh Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Communicable & Environm Dis Serv, Nashville, TN USA. Knox Cty Hlth Dept, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Schaffner, W (reprint author), Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, A-1124 Med Ctr N, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1000 EP 1005 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1000 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400005 PM 11724715 ER PT J AU Verstraeten, T Baughman, AL Cadwell, B Zanardi, L Haber, P Chen, RT AF Verstraeten, T Baughman, AL Cadwell, B Zanardi, L Haber, P Chen, RT CA Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting Sy TI Enhancing Vaccine Safety Surveillance: A capture-recapture analysis of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intussusception; rotavirus; vaccines ID REPORTING-SYSTEM VAERS; UNITED-STATES; ADVERSE EVENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; IMMUNIZATION; COMPLETENESS; MORTALITY AB The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) is the passive reporting system for postmarketing surveillance of vaccine safety in the United States. The proportion of cases of an adverse event after vaccination that are reported to VAERS (i.e., VAERS reporting completeness) is mostly unknown. Therefore, the risk of such an event cannot be derived from VAERS only. To study whether its reporting sensitivity and risks could be estimated, VAERS was linked to data from a case-control and a retrospective cohort study in a capture-recapture analysis of intussusception after rotavirus vaccination (RV). Cases of intussusception after RV were selected from the common time frame (December 1998 through June 1999) and the common geographic area (19 states) of the three sources. Matching occurred on birth date, gender, state, date of vaccination, and date of diagnosis. Thirty-five matches were identified among a total of 84 cases. The estimated VAERS reporting completeness was 47%. The relative risks of intussusception in the periods 3-7 and 8-14 days after RV (relative risk = 22.7 and 4.4, respectively) were comparable with those reported in the two studies. Linkage of VAERS to complimentary data sources may permit more timely postmarketing assessment of vaccine safety. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Vaccine Safety & Dev Act, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Data Management, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Child Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Div Epidemiol & Surveillance, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Verstraeten, T (reprint author), Bleuckeveldlaan 75, B-3080 Tervuren, Belgium. NR 29 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1006 EP 1012 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1006 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400006 PM 11724716 ER PT J AU Anderson, AD Garrett, VD Sobel, J Monroe, SS Fankhauser, RL Schwab, KJ Bresee, JS Mead, PS Higgins, C Campana, J Glass, RI AF Anderson, AD Garrett, VD Sobel, J Monroe, SS Fankhauser, RL Schwab, KJ Bresee, JS Mead, PS Higgins, C Campana, J Glass, RI CA Outbreak Invest Team TI Multistate outbreak of Norwalk-like virus gastroenteritis associated with a common caterer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Calicivirus; disease outbreaks; gastroenteritis; polymerase chain reaction ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; VIRAL GASTROENTERITIS; FOOD-BORNE; CONSUMPTION; TRANSMISSION; SHELLFISH; ANTIGEN; DETECT AB In February 2000, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred among employees of a car dealership in New York. The same meal was also supplied to 52 dealerships nationwide, and 13 states reported illness at dealerships where the banquet was served. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with the illness. Stool samples were collected to detect Norwalk-like virus, and sera were drawn and tested for immunoglobulin A antibodies to the outbreak strain. By univariate analysis, illness was significantly associated with consumption of any of four salads served at the banquet (relative risk = 3.8, 95% confidence interval: 2.5, 5.6). Norwalk-like virus was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay in 32 of 59 stool samples from eight states. Nucleotide sequences of a 213-base pair fragment from 16 stool specimens collected from cases in eight states were identical, confirming a common source outbreak. Two of 15 workers at caterer A had elevated immunoglobulin A titers to an antigenically related Norwalk-like virus strain. This study highlights the value of molecular techniques to complement classic epidemiologic methods in outbreak investigations and underscores the critical role of food handlers in the spread of foodborne disease associated with Norwalk-like virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Monroe Cty Hlth Dept, Rochester, NY USA. RP Anderson, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training,Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 25 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1013 EP 1019 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1013 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400007 PM 11724717 ER PT J AU Brooks, JT Rowe, SY Shillam, P Heltzel, DM Hunter, SB Slutsker, L Hoekstra, RM Luby, SP AF Brooks, JT Rowe, SY Shillam, P Heltzel, DM Hunter, SB Slutsker, L Hoekstra, RM Luby, SP TI Salmonella typhimurium infections transmitted by chlorine-pretreated clover sprout seeds SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chlorine; disease outbreaks; gastroenteritis; Salmonella typhimurium; seeds; vegetables ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ALFALFA SPROUTS; CHEMICAL TREATMENTS; OUTBREAK AB Raw seed sprouts have caused numerous outbreaks of enteric infections. Presoaking seeds in a 20,000 mg/liter (ppm) calcium hypochlorite solution before sprouting is recommended to reduce bacterial contamination and infection risk. In 1999, the authors investigated an outbreak of Salmonella serotype Typhimurium infections in Colorado. In a case-control study, they matched 20 cases with 58 controls by age, sex, and telephone prefix; 10 (52%) of 19 cases and no controls recalled eating raw alfalfa-style sprouts in the 5 days before the patient's illness (p < 0.00001). Traceback implicated clover sprouts grown from seeds shared by two sprouters. The time period and region over which these sprouts were sold matched the occurrences of 112 culture-confirmed illnesses. Only one of the sprouters presoaked seeds as recommended, and fewer infections were attributable to this sprouter (0.29 vs. 1.13 culture-confirmed infections/50-pound (110.1-kg) bag of seed). After recall of the implicated sprouts and seed, S. Typhimurium illnesses declined. Contaminated raw clover sprouts can cause outbreaks of enteric illness. Presoaking contaminated seeds in a 20,000 mg/liter calcium hypochlorite solution reduces, but does not eliminate, the risk of infection. Until safer production methods are developed, persons eating raw sprouts continue to risk developing potentially serious gastrointestinal illness. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Dis Control & Environm Epidemiol Div, Denver, CO USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Lab & Radiat Sci Div, Denver, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Brooks, JT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1020 EP 1028 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1020 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400008 PM 11724718 ER PT J AU Balluz, L Philen, R Ortega, L Rosales, C Brock, J Barr, D Kieszak, S AF Balluz, L Philen, R Ortega, L Rosales, C Brock, J Barr, D Kieszak, S TI Investigation of systemic lupus erythematosus in Nogales, Arizona SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biological markers; case-control studies; DDE; lupus erythematosus; systemic; pesticides; prevalence ID DISEASES; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; GEORGIA AB In 1996, a citizens group in Nogales, Arizona, reported to the Arizona Department of Health their concerns about a possible excess prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to exposure to environmental contamination in the area. The authors conducted a two-phase study in which the objectives of phase I were to identify potential SLE cases and to determine the prevalence of SLE and the objectives of phase II were to identify potential risk factors associated with the development of SLE and to evaluate the possible association between SLE and environmental exposure to pesticides and inorganic compounds. Participants included 20 confirmed cases and 36 controls. The authors found the prevalence of SLE to be 103 cases per 100,000 population (95 percent confidence interval: 56, 149), two to seven times higher than the prevalence in the US population. They detected elevated levels of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chorophenyl)ethylene and organophosphate metabolites among cases and controls. In both, levels were higher than the reference mean for the US population. The authors found no statistical association between elevated levels of pesticides and disease status. Their results show that the prevalence of SLE in Nogales is higher than the reported prevalence in the US population and that both cases and controls had past exposure to chlorinated pesticides and have ongoing exposure to organophosphates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Off Border Hlth, Tucson, AZ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Balluz, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1029 EP 1036 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1029 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400009 PM 11724719 ER PT J AU Bensyl, DM Moran, K Conway, GA AF Bensyl, DM Moran, K Conway, GA TI Factors associated with pilot fatality in work-related aircraft crashes, Alaska, 1990-1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE accidents; occupational; aircraft; aviation; occupational health; transportation ID COMMUTER AB Work-related aircraft crashes are the leading cause of occupational fatality in Alaska, with civilian pilots having the highest fatality rate (410/100,000/year). To identify factors affecting survivability, the authors examined work-related aircraft crashes that occurred in Alaska in the 1990s (1990-1999), comparing crashes with pilot fatalities to crashes in which the pilot survived. Using data from National Transportation Safety Board reports, the authors carried out logistic regression analysis with the following variables: age, flight experience, use of a shoulder restraint, weather conditions (visual flight vs. instrument flight), light conditions (daylight vs. darkness), type of aircraft (airplane vs. helicopter), postcrash fire, crash location (airport vs. elsewhere), and state of residence. In the main-effects model, significant associations were found between fatality and postcrash fire (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 6.43, 95% confidence interval (Cl): 2.38, 17.37), poor weather (AOR = 4.11, 95% Cl: 2.15, 7.87), and non-Alaska resident status (AOR = 2.10, 95% Cl: 1.05, 4.20). Protective effects were seen for shoulder restraint use (AOR = 0.40, 95% Cl: 0.21, 0.77) and daylight versus darkness (AOR = 0.50, 95% Cl: 0.25, 0.99). The finding that state of residence was associated with survivability offers new information on pilot survivability in work-related aircraft crashes in Alaska. These results may be useful in targeting safety interventions for pilots who fly occupationally in Alaska or in similar environments. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alaska Field Stn, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bensyl, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Alaska Field Stn, Div Safety Res, NIOSH, 4230 Univ,Suite 310, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1037 EP 1042 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1037 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400010 PM 11724720 ER PT J AU Reynolds, MA Schieve, LA Jeng, G Peterson, HB Wilcox, LS AF Reynolds, MA Schieve, LA Jeng, G Peterson, HB Wilcox, LS TI Risk of multiple birth associated with in vitro fertilization using donor eggs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE embryo transfer; fertilization in vitro; multiple birth offspring; pregnancy; multiple; reproduction techniques ID AGES SHARING OOCYTES; ELECTIVE TRANSFER; IMPLANTATION RATES; UTERINE SENESCENCE; TWIN PREGNANCIES; OPTIMAL NUMBER; 2 EMBRYOS; DONATION; QUALITY; WOMEN AB Multiple birth, which is associated with adverse fetal, infant, and maternal outcomes, is increasingly related to the use of in vitro fertilization (IVF). Among women undergoing IVF who use their own eggs, greater maternal age is associated with decreased risk of multiple birth; using donor eggs from younger women may negate this age effect. Data from 6,936 IVF procedures performed in the United States in 1996-1997 on women aged 35-54 years who used donor eggs were analyzed to assess the effect of maternal age, number of embryos transferred, and cryopreservation of extra, nontransferred embryos (an indicator of higher embryo quality) on risk of multiple birth. Greater maternal age did not decrease multiple-birth risk. Rates of multiple birth were related to number of embryos transferred and whether extra embryos had been cryopreserved, and they were high compared with those of IVF patients the same age who had used their own eggs. Among women who had extra embryos cryopreserved, transferring more than two embryos increased multipte-birth risk, with no corresponding increase in the chance for a livebirth. These results highlight the need to consider the age of the donor and embryo quality when making embryo transfer decisions involving use of donor eggs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidemiol Act Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Reynolds, MA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Epidemiol Act Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop K-34,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1043 EP 1050 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1043 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400011 PM 11724721 ER PT J AU Myers, MF Li, S Correa-Villasenor, A Li, Z Moore, CA Hong, SX Berry, RJ AF Myers, MF Li, S Correa-Villasenor, A Li, Z Moore, CA Hong, SX Berry, RJ CA China-US Collab Project Neural Tub TI Folic acid supplementation and risk for imperforate anus in China SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE abnormalities; anus, imperforate; folic acid; maternal age; pregnancy; primary prevention; risk ID PERICONCEPTIONAL MULTIVITAMIN USE; NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONOTRUNCAL HEART-DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; URINARY-TRACT; BIRTH-DEFECTS; USE REDUCE; PREVENTION AB Maternal consumption of folic acid before pregnancy and during early pregnancy is associated with a reduced risk for some birth defects. Whether folic acid can reduce the risk for imperforate anus is unknown. As part of a public health campaign conducted in China from 1993 through 1995, the outcomes of pregnancies of greater than or equal to 20 weeks' gestation were evaluated among women using folic acid supplements. The women were asked to take one pill containing 400 mug of folic acid (without other vitamins) every day from the time of their premarital examination until the end of their first trimester of pregnancy. Rates of imperforate anus and risk ratios for imperforate anus among the offspring of these women were calculated according to folic acid use. Among the offspring of women who took folic acid and women who did not take folic acid, 20 and 30 infants with imperforate anus were identified, respectively. The rate of imperforate anus was 3.1 per 10,000 among the offspring of women who did not take folic acid and 1.6 per 10,000 among the offspring of women who took folic acid; adjusted for maternal age, the risk ratio was 0.59 (95% confidence interval: 0.33, 1.07). Daily maternal consumption of 400 mug of folic acid before and during early pregnancy may reduce the risk for imperforate anus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Peking Univ, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. RP Myers, MF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 20 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1051 EP 1056 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1051 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400012 PM 11724722 ER PT J AU Ayala, C Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB Keenan, NL Donehoo, RS Giles, WH Kittner, SJ Marks, JS AF Ayala, C Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB Keenan, NL Donehoo, RS Giles, WH Kittner, SJ Marks, JS TI Racial/ethnic disparities in mortality by stroke subtype in the United States, 1995-1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Asian Americans; blacks; cerebral hemorrhage; cerebrovascular accident; Hispanic Americans; Indians; North American; mortality; subarachnoid hemorrhage ID RISK-FACTORS; INCIDENCE RATES; BLACKS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; HEMORRHAGE; ACCURACY; WHITES; TRENDS; BELT AB Healthy People 2010 objectives for improving health include a goal to eliminate racial disparities in stroke mortality. Age-specific death rates by stroke subtype are not well documented among racial/ethnic minority populations in the United States. This report examines mortality rates by race/ethnicity for three stroke subtypes during 1995-1998. National Vital Statistics' death certificate data were used to calculate death rates for ischemic stroke (n = 507,256), intracerebral hemorrhage (n = 97,709), and subarachnoid hemorrhage (n = 27,334) among Hispanics, Blacks, American Indians/Alaska Natives, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Whites by age and sex. Comparisons with Whites as the referent were made using age-standardized risk ratios and age-specific risk ratios. Age-standardized mortality rates for the three stroke subtypes were higher among Blacks than Whites. Death rates from intracerebral hemorrhage were also higher among Aslans/Pacific Islanders than Whites. All minority populations had higher death rates from subarachnoid hemorrhage than did Whites. Among adults aged 25-44 years, Blacks and American Indians/Alaska Natives had higher risk ratios than did Whites for all three stroke subtypes. Increased public health attention is needed to reduce incidence and mortality for stroke, the third leading cause of death. Particular attention should be given to increasing awareness of stroke symptoms among young minority groups. C1 CDCP, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Community Hlth & Program Serv Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Neurol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Ctr Geriatr Res Educ & Clin, Baltimore, MD USA. CDCP, Off Director, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ayala, C (reprint author), CDCP, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Mailstop K-47,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1057 EP 1063 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1057 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400013 PM 11724723 ER PT J AU Hutchins, SS Dezayas, A Le Blond, K Heath, J Bellini, W Audet, S Beeler, J Wattigney, W Markowitz, L AF Hutchins, SS Dezayas, A Le Blond, K Heath, J Bellini, W Audet, S Beeler, J Wattigney, W Markowitz, L TI Evaluation of an early two-dose measles vaccination schedule SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antibodies; immunity; infant; measles; measles vaccine; serologic tests; vaccines ID IMMUNE-RESPONSE; EARLY IMMUNIZATION; UNITED-STATES; AGE; CHILDREN; INFANTS; ANTIBODY; OUTBREAK; REIMMUNIZATION; POPULATION AB Vaccination at 6 months of age followed by routine revaccination is recommended when exposure of infants to measles is likely. Dade County, Florida, began this early two-dose schedule during a large epidemic in 1986-1987 (i.e., 22% of cases occurred in infants aged 6-11 months). This schedule was continued routinely in high-risk areas. The effect of an early two-dose schedule on measles prevention in the county was examined by comparing measles vaccination coverage and epidemiology before (1985-1987) and after (1988-1996) the schedule became routine. To assess serologic response, seroprevalence of measles antibody among children aged 4-6 years in 1995 was examined. To evaluate vaccine effectiveness, a case-control study was conducted among preschool-aged children. Among those aged 2 years, vaccination coverage with greater than or equal to1 dose increased from 75% to 94% in 1996. The number of annual cases declined, and endemic measles transmission reportedly ended after 1993. Seroprevalence of plaque reduction neutralization antibody (titer > 1:120) among those receiving vaccination according to an early two-dose schedule and a single dose at age greater than or equal to 12 months was 94% (95% confidence interval: 89, 98) and 98% (95% confidence interval: 95, 100). In these groups, vaccine effectiveness was comparably high. Early two-dose measles vaccination is associated with improved coverage and a comparably high level of humoral immunity and clinical protection as a single dose at age greater than or equal to 12 months. This strategy can be useful in areas at high risk for measles among infants. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Informat Ctr, Measles Eliminat Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dade Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Special Immunizat Program, Miami, FL USA. ABT Associates Inc, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Measles Virus Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US FDA, Lab Pediat & Resp Virus Dis, Bethesda, MD 20014 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Data Management Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hutchins, SS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Informat Ctr, Measles Eliminat Act, Mail Stop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1064 EP 1071 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1064 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400014 PM 11724724 ER PT J AU Kanny, D Schieber, RA Pryor, V Kresnow, MJ AF Kanny, D Schieber, RA Pryor, V Kresnow, MJ TI Effectiveness of a state law mandating use of bicycle helmets among children: An observational evaluation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bicycling; child; craniocerebral trauma; head protective devices; legislation; safety ID LEGISLATION; EDUCATION AB In spring 1999, the authors evaluated the effectiveness of a 1997 Florida law requiring helmet use by all bicyclists younger than age 16 years. Sixty-four counties in Florida had enacted the bicycle helmet-use law, while the other three counties had opted out. Using a cross-sectional study design, the authors conducted unobtrusive observations at bicycle racks at public elementary schools statewide. Florida children riding bicycles in counties where the state helmet-use law was in place were twice as likely to wear helmets as children in counties without the law. In counties where the state law was in place, 16,907 (79%) of 21,313 riders observed wore a helmet, compared with only 148 (33%) of 450 riders in counties where no such law was in place (crude prevalence ratio = 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 2.1, 2.8). Helmet use by children of all racial groups exceeded 60% under the law. No significant difference in use by gender was found. These data support the positive influence of a law on bicycle helmet use among children. The data reinforce the Healthy People 2010 objective that all 50 states adopt such a law for children in order to increase helmet use and consequently reduce brain injury. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Div Emergency Med Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Stat & Programming, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schieber, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1072 EP 1076 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1072 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400015 PM 11724725 ER PT J AU Sansom, SL Barker, L Corso, PS Brown, C Deuson, R AF Sansom, SL Barker, L Corso, PS Brown, C Deuson, R TI Rotavirus vaccine and intussusception: How much risk will parents in the united states accept to obtain vaccine benefits? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE intussusception; parents; risk; rotavirus; vaccines ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; PERTUSSIS VACCINATION; IMMUNIZATION PROGRAM; CHILDREN; EFFICACY; SAFETY; TRIAL AB Postlicensure surveillance of a newly licensed rotavirus vaccine suggested an increased risk of intussusception. Little was known about the amount of risk parents would tolerate to obtain the vaccine's benefits or the extent to which risk would reduce the price parents would pay for the vaccine. Parents of infants aged 12 months or younger were asked to accept or reject two hypothetical vaccines associated with varying degrees of risk. Parents chose from a list the amount they would pay for two additional hypothetical vaccines, with and without a risk of intussuception. The authors conducted face-to-face surveys in September 1999 among a convenience sample of parents in three US cities. Of 405 eligible parents, 260 (64%) participated. To achieve a 90% acceptance rate, the vaccine could be associated with no more than 1,794 (95% confidence interval: 1,551, 2,025) cases of intussusception in a fully vaccinated, national cohort of infants. The median willingness to pay for three vaccine doses, when vaccination was associated with 1,400 cases of intussusception, was $36 (95% confidence interval: $28, $46) compared with $110 (95% confidence interval: $96, $126) for the risk-free vaccine. The most important aspect of this study may be the methodology to assess how parents balance the benefits and risks of childhood vaccines. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sansom, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 11 BP 1077 EP 1085 DI 10.1093/aje/154.11.1077 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 499NZ UT WOS:000172578400016 PM 11724726 ER PT J AU Chen, HT AF Chen, HT TI Development of a national evaluation system to evaluate CDC-funded health department HIV prevention programs SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EVALUATION LA English DT Article AB This article discusses the recent experience of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in developing a national evaluation system for monitoring and evaluating health department HIV prevention programs that are funded by CDC. The foundation for such a system is evaluation guidance that establishes standardized data elements for a variety of evaluation activities. The article discusses barriers to developing such a system, strategies used to deal with those barriers, the contributions made by stakeholders to the development of the system, the end product, strategies and activities used to meet the capacity building, and technical assistance needs of stakeholders. Lessons learned from this experience should be useful to any organization intending to develop a large evaluation system. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Program Evaluat Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent IRS, NCHSTP, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Chen, HT (reprint author), 3900 Schooner Ridge Dr, Alpharetta, GA 30005 USA. NR 8 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1098-2140 J9 AM J EVAL JI Am. J. Eval. PD WIN PY 2001 VL 22 IS 1 BP 55 EP 70 DI 10.1177/109821400102200106 PG 16 WC Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 472DT UT WOS:000170968800006 ER PT J AU Thomas, TK Lincoln, JM Husberg, BJ Conway, GA AF Thomas, TK Lincoln, JM Husberg, BJ Conway, GA TI Is it safe on deck? Fatal and non-fatal workplace injuries among Alaskan commercial fishermen SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE fishing; commercial; fatalities; injuries; Alaska AB Background Commercial fishing in Alaska accounts for an occupational fatality rate that is 28 times the rate for all U.S. workers. Most deaths are attributed to vessel sinking or capsizing. However, many deaths and most non-fatal injuries are not related to vessel loss. This paper describes injuries that occur on the dock or on the fishing vessel. Methods Data from fishing fatalities and non-fatal injuries between 1991-1998 were analyzed using the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System and the Alaska Trauma Registry. Results There were 60 workplace deaths unrelated to vessel loss; most from falls overboard, others from trauma caused by equipment on deck. There were 574 hospitalized injuries, often from falls on deck, entanglement in machinery, or being struck by an object. Summary Fishing boats are hazardous working environments. Further efforts are required to prevent falls overboard and on deck, and to redesign or install safety features on fishing machinery and equipment. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 NIOSH, Alaska Field Stn, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Lincoln, JM (reprint author), NIOSH, Alaska Field Stn, Div Safety Res, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4230 Univ Dr,Suite 310, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. NR 16 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 40 IS 6 BP 693 EP 702 DI 10.1002/ajim.10010 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 497XG UT WOS:000172480300009 PM 11757046 ER PT J AU Richards, C Emori, TG Edwards, J Fridkin, S Tolson, J Gaynes, R AF Richards, C Emori, TG Edwards, J Fridkin, S Tolson, J Gaynes, R CA Nat Nosocomial Infections Surveil TI Characteristics of hospitals and infection control professionals participating in the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System 1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article AB The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) system is the oldest and largest monitoring system for health care-acquired infections in the United States. This report describes both the characteristics of NNIS hospitals compared with those of US hospitals with 100 beds or more and their infection control programs. Overall, NNIS hospitals tend to have more hospital beds than the average for-comparable US hospitals. The majority of NNIS hospitals have affiliations with academic medical centers, and most have substantial intensive care units. Even though infection control professionals in NNIS hospitals spend most of their time in inpatient settings, 40% of their time is also spent in a variety of other settings, including home health, outpatient surgery or clinics, extended care facilities. employee health and quality management, and other clinical or administrative activities. As described in this report, the infrastructure of the NNIS system offers a national resource on which to build improved voluntary patient safety monitoring efforts, as outlined in the recent Institute of Medicine report on medical errors. C1 CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Richards, C (reprint author), CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-07,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 57 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 2001 VL 29 IS 6 SI SI BP 400 EP 403 DI 10.1067/mic.2001.118408 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 507NE UT WOS:000173033900009 PM 11743488 ER PT J CA NNIS System TI National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System report, data summary from January 1992-June 2001, issued August 2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNITS; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; STATES C1 CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0196-6553 EI 1527-3296 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD DEC PY 2001 VL 29 IS 6 SI SI BP 404 EP 421 DI 10.1067/mic.2001.119952 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 507NE UT WOS:000173033900010 ER PT J AU Ashley, OS Nadel, M Ransohoff, DF AF Ashley, OS Nadel, M Ransohoff, DF TI Achieving quality in flexible sigmoidoscopy screening for colorectal cancer SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Review ID ASYMPTOMATIC ADULTS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; BOWEL PREPARATION; PREVENTION; RECOMMENDATIONS; ENDOSCOPISTS; COLONOSCOPY; COMPETENCE; MORTALITY; NURSES AB BACKGROUND: Sigmoidoscopy screening, which can dramatically reduce colorectal cancer mortality, is supported increasingly by physicians and payers, and is likely to be performed more frequently in the future. As more physicians and nonphysician medical personnel learn how to perform this procedure, and with attention to quality standards, the overall impact of sigmoidoscopy screening may improve. This review describes elements that characterize high-quality examinations and identifies resources for in-depth information on performing flexible sigmoidoscopy. METHODS: The domains of quality were identified from textbooks, articles, and the professional opinions of gastroenterologists and primary care physicians. Information was obtained from MEDLlNE, bibliographies in recent articles, medical professional organizations, equipment manufacturers' representatives, and focus groups of primary care physicians. RESULTS: Nine domains of quality are identified and discussed: training, logistical start-up, patient interaction, bowel preparation, examination technique, lesion recognition, complications, reporting, and processing (equipment cleaning and disinfection). CONCLUSIONS: Persons learning how to perform and to implement flexible sigmoidoscopy may use this information to help ensure the quality of screening examinations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U481CCU409660-04] NR 96 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9343 EI 1555-7162 J9 AM J MED JI Am. J. Med. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 111 IS 8 BP 643 EP 653 DI 10.1016/S0002-9343(01)00959-7 PG 11 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 539CA UT WOS:000174851100008 PM 11755508 ER PT J AU Zhu, BP Haines, KM Le, T McGrath-Miller, K Boulton, ML AF Zhu, BP Haines, KM Le, T McGrath-Miller, K Boulton, ML TI Effect of the interval between pregnancies on perinatal outcomes among white and black women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Epidemiologic-Research CY JUN 15-17, 2000 CL SEATTLE, WASHINGTON SP Soc Epidemiol Res DE birth weight; premature; growth retardation; birth intervals ID FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE; SHORT INTERPREGNANCY INTERVALS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; OOCYTE DONATION; UNITED-STATES; RISK; UTERINE; OVARIAN; HEALTH AB objective: We evaluated interpregnancy interval in relation to adverse perinatal outcomes and whether the relationship differed by race. Study design: We analyzed the vital statistics data for multiparous white and black women in Michigan who delivered a singleton live birth during the period 1993 through 1998, using stratified and logistic regression techniques. Results: Among women of both races, the risk for delivering low birth weight, premature, and small-for-gestational-age birth was lowest if the interpregnancy interval was 18 to 23 months. In comparison, among white women, the odds ratios for the 3 outcomes were 1.5, 1.3, and 1.3, respectively, if the interval was <6 months, and 1.9, 1.4, and 1.7, respectively, if the interval was 120 months, controlling for other factors. Similarly, among black women, the odds ratios were 1.5, 1.2, and 1.3, respectively, if the interval was <6 months, and 1.6, 1.3, and 1.4, respectively, if the interval was 120 months. Conclusion: An interpregnancy interval of 18 to 23 months is associated with the lowest risk for adverse perinatal outcomes among both white and black women. C1 Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Family & Community Hlth, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Pregnancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Vital Records & Hlth Stat, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. RP Zhu, BP (reprint author), Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Div Epidemiol Serv, 3423 Martin Luther King Jr Blvd, Lansing, MI 48909 USA. NR 33 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 BP 1403 EP 1410 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.118307 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505GW UT WOS:000172905900037 PM 11744916 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Schieve, L Duerr, A AF Jamieson, DJ Schieve, L Duerr, A TI Semen processing for HIV-discordant couples SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Sect, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Sect, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop E45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 BP 1433 EP 1433 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.120078 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505GW UT WOS:000172905900042 PM 11744921 ER PT J AU Culhane, J Rauh, V Hogan, V McCollum, K Wadhwa, P AF Culhane, J Rauh, V Hogan, V McCollum, K Wadhwa, P TI Racial/ethnic differences in BV in pregnancy: The role of individual and contextual-level maternal stress SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 SU S MA 234 BP S145 EP S145 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(01)80266-0 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505PK UT WOS:000172921000233 ER PT J AU Culhane, J Cauci, S Hitti, J Agnew, K Hogan, V AF Culhane, J Cauci, S Hitti, J Agnew, K Hogan, V TI Vaginal fluid sialidase and prolidase activity in BV positive pregnant women varies by race/ethnicity and maternal age SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Udine, I-33100 Udine, Italy. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 SU S MA 233 BP S145 EP S145 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(01)80266-0 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505PK UT WOS:000172921000232 ER PT J AU Paidas, M Urban, G Kuczynski, E Rebarber, A Maturi, J Dilley, A Gillen-Goldstein, J Lockwood, C AF Paidas, M Urban, G Kuczynski, E Rebarber, A Maturi, J Dilley, A Gillen-Goldstein, J Lockwood, C TI Does heparin therapy improve pregnancy outcome in patients with thrombophilias? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NYU, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 SU S MA 386 BP S186 EP S186 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(01)80418-X PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505PK UT WOS:000172921000383 ER PT J AU Paidas, M Urban, G Ku, W Arkel, Y Dilley, A Andrei, R Kuczynski, E Jeanine, M Mignosa, M Khan, S Schoenfield, J Lockwood, C AF Paidas, M Urban, G Ku, W Arkel, Y Dilley, A Andrei, R Kuczynski, E Jeanine, M Mignosa, M Khan, S Schoenfield, J Lockwood, C TI First trimester thrombus precursor protein (TPP) predicts adverse pregnancy outcome in thrombophilic patients SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NYU, New York, NY USA. CDC, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 SU S MA 17 BP S76 EP S76 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(01)80027-2 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505PK UT WOS:000172921000019 ER PT J AU Paidas, M Urban, G Ku, W Arkel, Y Kuczynski, E Maturi, J Dilley, A Lockwood, C AF Paidas, M Urban, G Ku, W Arkel, Y Kuczynski, E Maturi, J Dilley, A Lockwood, C TI The role of cytokines in the regulation of hemostasis in human pregnancy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NYU, New York, NY USA. Maine Med Ctr, Res Inst, Portland, ME 04102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 SU S MA 4 BP S70 EP S70 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(01)80014-4 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505PK UT WOS:000172921000006 ER PT J AU Tolosa, J Daly, S Chipato, T Whitney, C Gaitan, H Sauvarin, J Lumbiganon, P AF Tolosa, J Daly, S Chipato, T Whitney, C Gaitan, H Sauvarin, J Lumbiganon, P TI Diagnosis of BV by rapid testing with a pH/Amines Test Card SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Coombe Womens Hosp, Dublin, Ireland. Univ Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Nacl Colombia, Santa Fe De Bogota, Colombia. Populat Council, Bangkok, Thailand. Khon Kaen Univ, Khon Kaen, Thailand. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 SU S MA 418 BP S194 EP S194 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(01)80450-6 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505PK UT WOS:000172921000415 ER PT J AU Wadhwa, P Culhane, J Chicz-Demet, A Shirish, B Rauh, V Farley-McCollum, K Hogan, V AF Wadhwa, P Culhane, J Chicz-Demet, A Shirish, B Rauh, V Farley-McCollum, K Hogan, V TI Maternal stress, endocrine/immune-inflammatory processes and vaginal infection in human pregnancy: Preliminary findings SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Columbia Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 SU S MA 550 BP S230 EP S230 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(01)80583-4 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505PK UT WOS:000172921000545 ER PT J AU Whitney, C Cotter, A Festin, M Parekh, F Limpongsanurak, S Gaitan, H Tolosa, J AF Whitney, C Cotter, A Festin, M Parekh, F Limpongsanurak, S Gaitan, H Tolosa, J CA Global Network for Perinatal and R TI International multicenter study of group B streptococcal colonization in pregnant women SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Coombe Womens Hosp, Dublin, Ireland. Univ Philippines, Manila, Philippines. Chulalongkorn Univ, Bangkok, Thailand. Univ Nacl Colombia, Santa Fe De Bogota, Colombia. Thomas Jefferson Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 185 IS 6 SU S MA 404 BP S191 EP S191 DI 10.1016/S0002-9378(01)80436-1 PG 1 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 505PK UT WOS:000172921000401 ER PT J AU Chandra, NS Torres, MF Winthrop, KL Bruckner, DA Heidemann, DG Calvet, HM Yakrus, M Mondino, BJ Holland, GN AF Chandra, NS Torres, MF Winthrop, KL Bruckner, DA Heidemann, DG Calvet, HM Yakrus, M Mondino, BJ Holland, GN TI Cluster of Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis cases following laser in-situ keratomileusis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FORTUITUM KERATITIS; ANIMAL-MODEL; TOPICAL CIPROFLOXACIN; NOCARDIAL KERATITIS; INFECTION; COMPLICATIONS; GORDONAE; WATER AB - PURPOSE: To describe a cluster of Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis cases involving patients who underwent laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) at a single refractive surgery center. - DESIGN: Descriptive case series of four patients and cohort study to identify disease associations. - METHODS: Examination schedules, diagnostic tests, and therapy were based on best medical judgment. Isolates from three patients were compared by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Epidemiologic studies were per, formed to identify the source of infection. - RESULTS: Seven of eight eyes developed M. chelonae keratitis following bilateral simultaneous LASIK. Each patient was thought to have diffuse lamellar keratitis initially, but all seven eyes were noted to have opacities suggestive of infectious keratitis by 13 to 21 days after surgery. All eyes had undergone hyperopic LASIK over four days in April 2001 by one surgeon in a community, based refractive surgery center. A cohort study of all patients undergoing LASIK at the same center in April 2001 revealed that M. chelonae keratitis occurred only in persons undergoing correction of hyperopia (seven of 14 eyes vs. none of 217 eyes undergoing myopic LASIK, P < .001). The only difference identified between procedures was use of masks created from a soft contact lens in hyperopic LASIK. Three isolates (three patients) were indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Eyes were treated with a combination of antimicrobial agents, including topical azithromycin in three patients, with resolution of infection in all eyes over 6 to 14 weeks. The source of infection was not identified on environmental cultures. - CONCLUSION: Postoperative nontuberculous mycobacterial keratitis can occur in an epidemic fashion following LASIK Topical amikacin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, or a combination of these agents, appears to be effective treatment for these infections. (C) 2001 by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Long Beach, CA USA. Michigan Cornea Consultants, Southfield, MI USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Div Lab Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Ocular Inflammatory Dis Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Holland, GN (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Jules Stein Eye Inst, Ocular Inflammatory Dis Ctr, 100 Stein Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 44 TC 65 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0002-9394 J9 AM J OPHTHALMOL JI Am. J. Ophthalmol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 132 IS 6 BP 819 EP 830 DI 10.1016/S0002-9394(01)01267-3 PG 12 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 498JT UT WOS:000172506900002 PM 11730644 ER PT J AU Green, LW Mercer, SL AF Green, LW Mercer, SL TI Can public health researchers and agencies reconcile the push from funding bodies and the pull from communities? SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Responding to growing impatience with the limited application of research findings to health practices and policies, both funding bodies and communities are demanding that research show greater sensitivity to communities' perceptions, needs, and unique circumstances. One way to assure this is to employ participatory research-to engage communities at least in formulating research questions and interpreting and applying research findings and possibly also in selecting methods and analyzing data. "Community" should be interpreted broadly as all who will be affected by the research results, including lay residents of a local area, practitioners, service agencies, and policymakers. Participatory research should not be required of every project, but when results are to be used for, in, and by communities, those communities should collaborate not only in applying findings but also in determining the ways in which the findings are produced and interpreted. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Green, LW (reprint author), CDC, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Off Extramural Prevent Res, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K-56, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 180 Z9 180 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2001 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1926 EP 1929 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.12.1926 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 496TF UT WOS:000172412100010 PM 11726367 ER PT J AU MacQueen, KM McLellan, E Metzger, DS Kegeles, S Stauss, RP Scotti, R Blanchard, L Trotter, RT AF MacQueen, KM McLellan, E Metzger, DS Kegeles, S Stauss, RP Scotti, R Blanchard, L Trotter, RT TI What is community? An evidence-based definition for participatory public health SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SENSE; PREVENTION; PARTNERSHIPS; NEIGHBORHOOD; EMPOWERMENT; COALITIONS; PROMOTION; DYNAMICS; BOARDS AB Increased emphasis on community collaboration indicates the need for consensus regarding the definition of community within public health. This study examined whether members of diverse US communities described community in similar ways. To identify strategies to support community collaboration in HIV vaccine trials, qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 African Americans in Durham, NC; 26 gay men in San Francisco, Calif; 25 injection drug users in Philadelphia, Pa; and 42 HIV vaccine researchers across the United States. Verbatim responses to the question "What does the word community mean to you?" were analyzed. Cluster analysis was used to identify similarities in the way community was described. A common definition of community emerged as a group of people with diverse characteristics who are linked by social ties, share common perspectives, and engage in joint action in geographical locations or settings. The participants differed in the emphasis they placed on particular elements of the definition. Community was defined similarly but experienced differently by people with diverse backgrounds. These results parallel similar social science findings and confirm the viability of a common definition for participatory public health. Health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Studies Addict, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Dent, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Lehigh Valley Hosp Ctr, Allentown, PA 18102 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Anthropol, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. RP MacQueen, KM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Off Commun, Mail Stop E-06, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor/0000-0002-1884-9315 FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU409660, U64/CCU310867, U64/CCU910851] NR 47 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2001 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1929 EP 1938 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.12.1929 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 496TF UT WOS:000172412100011 PM 11726368 ER PT J AU Potula, V Hegarty-Steck, M Hu, H AF Potula, V Hegarty-Steck, M Hu, H TI Blood lead levels in relation to paint and dust lead levels: The Lead-Safe Cambridge program SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID ABATEMENT; COHORT C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Cambridge Community Dev Dept, Cambridge, MA USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Channing Lab, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Potula, V (reprint author), Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Execut Pk,Bldg 4,1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-31, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [T32 ES007069, T32 ES07069, P42 ES005947, P30 ES000002, P42-ES05947, 2P30 ES00002] NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2001 VL 91 IS 12 BP 1973 EP 1974 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.12.1973 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 496TF UT WOS:000172412100021 PM 11726378 ER PT J AU Macera, CA Ham, SA Jones, DA Kimsey, CD Ainsworth, BE Neff, LJ AF Macera, CA Ham, SA Jones, DA Kimsey, CD Ainsworth, BE Neff, LJ TI Limitations on the use of a single screening question to measure sedentary behavior SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY AB Objectives. This study explored the limitations of identifying sedentary individuals via an existing screening question in a state-based surveillance system. Methods. A national sample (n=7529) of adults, selected by random-digit dialing between November 1999 and May 2000, responded about participation in leisure-time physical activity, Results. Of those who initially reported no leisure-time physical activity (25%), 85% were engaging in at least some activity, and 20% were engaging in enough moderate- or vigorous-intensity activity to meet health-related recommendations. Conclusions. Public health programs that use only 1 screening question to identify sedentary behavior may not be able to target physical activity messages effectively, especially if physical activity is defined to include a broad range of activities beyond sports. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP Ham, SA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Mail Stop K-46, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU PHS HHS [U48/CCU409664-06] NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD DEC PY 2001 VL 91 IS 12 BP 2010 EP 2012 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.12.2010 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 496TF UT WOS:000172412100028 PM 11726385 ER PT J AU MacArthur, JR Stennies, GM Macheso, A Kolczak, MS Green, MD Ali, D Barat, LM Kazembe, PN Ruebush, TK AF MacArthur, JR Stennies, GM Macheso, A Kolczak, MS Green, MD Ali, D Barat, LM Kazembe, PN Ruebush, TK TI Efficacy of mefloquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum infection in Machinga District, Malawi, 1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; CHLORPROGUANIL-DAPSONE; THERAPY EFFICACY; MALARIA DISASTER; CHILDREN; CHLOROQUINE; ATOVAQUONE; COMBINATION; PROGUANIL; AFRICA AB In response to the spread of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum, Malawi changed its first-line antimalarial drug in 1993 from chloroquine to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP). Surveillance data has suggested that resistance to SP may be increasing. We compared the efficacy of SP with a potential successor, mefloquine (MQ). By use of a modified World Health Organization in vivo protocol, children infected with P. falciparum were randomized to receive SP (sulfadoxine 25 mg/kg) or MQ (15 mg/kg). We observed combined RII and RIII parasitologic failures of 20.0 and 22.0% in the SP and MQ arms, respectively. Among those in the MQ arm, the relative hazard of failing with a Day 2 drug level <500 ng/mL was 10.6 times higher than those with levels 500 ng/mL. Given the decreased efficacy of the first-line antimalarial drug and the high failure rates of MQ at this lower dosage, Malawi should consider assessing the efficacy and feasibility of alternative drugs to treat uncomplicated falciparum malaria. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Act, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Malawi Natl Malaria Programme, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP MacArthur, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 679 EP 684 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100003 PM 11791956 ER PT J AU Yahnke, CJ Meserve, PL Ksiazek, TG Mills, JN AF Yahnke, CJ Meserve, PL Ksiazek, TG Mills, JN TI Patterns of infection with Laguna Negra virus in wild populations of Calomys laucha in the central Paraguayan chaco SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME; RODENT POPULATIONS; CENTRAL ARGENTINA; WESTERN PARAGUAY; DISEASE; RESERVOIR; BOLIVIA; CHILE AB In 1995, an outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome occurred in the central Paraguayan chaco. The primary reservoir of the virus, Laguna Negra virus, was identified as the vesper mouse, Calomys laucha. Over a 15-month period, we collected 1,090 small mammals at 12 locations representing 4 habitats common in the central Paraguayan chaco. Calomys laucha was common in agricultural habitats and uncommon in the native forest habitat. Populations of C laucha were greater during the dry season months and declined during the wet season. A total of 643 small mammals were tested for antibodies cross-reactive to Sin Nombre virus. All of the antibody-positive animals were C. laucha (crude antibody prevalence ratio 12.1% [25 of 206]). Antibody prevalence ratio increased with body size and was more common among male (18%; n = 115) than among female (4%; n = 96) vesper mice. Antibody prevalence ratio was highest among animals from cropland habitats (18% n = 72), followed by thorn scrub (13%; n = 46) and pastureland (7%; n = 81) and may be positively correlated to the proportion of C. laucha in the small mammal community. These data suggest that community-level dynamics, in addition to population-level dynamics, may be involved in the transmission of the virus through natural Populations of vesper mice. C1 No Illinois Univ, Dept Biol Sci, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yahnke, CJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol, 1900 Franklin St,CNR 167, Stevens Point, WI 54481 USA. NR 28 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 768 EP 776 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100020 PM 11791973 ER PT J AU Grant, AD Kaplan, JE De Cock, KM AF Grant, AD Kaplan, JE De Cock, KM TI Preventing opportunistic infections among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in African countries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; HIV-INFECTION; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; COTE-DIVOIRE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; HIV-1-INFECTED ADULTS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; ISONIAZID PROPHYLAXIS; PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE AB The burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related disease in sub-Saharan Africa continues to increase; providing adequate care for the huge number of people affected is a daunting task, especially given the limited resources available. Recent studies have shown that low-cost regimens can prevent some of the most important causes of HIV-related disease in African countries. Isoniazid preventive therapy can reduce the incidence of tuberculosis; priorities are to seek opportunities for implementation, to assess effectiveness under operational conditions, and to monitor its effect on resistance patterns. Cotrimoxazole was shown to be highly effective in reducing morbidity and mortality among individuals with symptomatic HIV disease in Cote d'Ivoire, and should be implemented where it is likely to be of benefit. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine was disappointingly ineffective among HIV-infected Ugandan adults, but newer conjugate vaccines are becoming available that should be investigated. The benefit of these preventive regimens to the individual may be modest when compared with the effect of antiretroviral therapy. However, simple preventive therapies could reach a much wider population than is immediately feasible for expensive and complex antiretroviral regimens, and thus have the potential for substantial benefit at the population level. The availability of effective and affordable regimens to prevent HIV-related disease may also encourage people to seek HIV testing, combat denial, and help overcome the sense of powerlessness in countries where the HIV epidemic has hit hardest. C1 Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Clin Res Unit, London WC1E 7HT, England. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Grant, AD (reprint author), Univ London London Sch Hyg & Trop Med, Clin Res Unit, Keppel St, London WC1E 7HT, England. NR 72 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 810 EP 821 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100026 PM 11791979 ER PT J AU Comer, JA Diaz, T Vlahov, D Monterroso, E Childs, JE AF Comer, JA Diaz, T Vlahov, D Monterroso, E Childs, JE TI Evidence of rodent-associated Bartonella and Rickettsia infections among intravenous drug users from central and East Harlem, New York City SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE; SEROLOGIC EVIDENCE; BACTEREMIA; ELIZABETHAE; ANTIBODIES; BALTIMORE; DIAGNOSIS; ANTIGENS; PATIENT AB We tested serum samples collected in 1997 and 1998 from a cohort of 204 injection drug users (IDUs) recruited from Central and East Harlem, New York City, New York, for antibodies reactive with seven rickettsial or Bartonella spp. antigens. Rodent-associated Bartonella elizabethae and Rickettsia akari were the primary etiologic agents of interest. The testing panel also included Bartonella henselae, Bartonella quintana, Rickettsia prowazekii, Rickettsia rickettsii, and Rickettsia typhi. The highest prevalence of seroreactive serum samples (46%) was found with B. elizabethae antigens; 10% of the samples reacted with B. henselae antigens, while 2% reacted with B. quintana antigens. Reactivity to the latter two antigens was likely due to cross-reactivity with B. elizabethae antigens in most instances. Among the spotted fever group rickettsiae, 18 (9%) samples reacted with R. akari, including 10 samples (5%) that also reacted with R. rickettsii. Cross-adsorption studies demonstrated that most of the spotted fever group rickettsiae antibodies were due to R. akari infections. Among the typhus group rickettsiae, 5 samples reacted weakly to R. prowazekii antigens, and no samples reacted with R. typhi antigens. These findings suggest that Harlem IDUs are commonly exposed to two rodent-associated zoonotic agents. Further study of IDU populations may help elucidate transmission cycles of these agents in inner cities where higher levels of transmission occur. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Comer, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 30 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 855 EP 860 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100034 PM 11791987 ER PT J AU Freeman, AR Lammie, PJ Houston, R LaPointe, MD Streit, TG Jooste, PL Brissau, JM Lafontant, JG Addiss, DG AF Freeman, AR Lammie, PJ Houston, R LaPointe, MD Streit, TG Jooste, PL Brissau, JM Lafontant, JG Addiss, DG TI A community-based trial for the control of lymphatic filariasis and iodine deficiency using salt fortified with diethylcarbamazine and iodine SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID KINMEN QUEMOY ISLANDS; DEC-MEDICATED SALT; REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA; BANCROFTIAN FILARIASIS; SOUTH-INDIA; COMPARATIVE EFFICACY; 4 STRATEGIES; RURAL-AREAS; CHEMOTHERAPY; IVERMECTIN AB To evaluate the effectiveness of salt fortified with diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and iodine for elimination of Bancroftian filariasis and iodine deficiency, all consenting residents of Miton, Haiti (n = 1,932) were given salt fortified with 0.25% diethylcarbamazine and 25 ppm of iodine for one year. Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria prevalence and intensity, antigenemia, and urinary iodine were measured before and one year after salt distribution began. To measure the effect of DEC-fortified salt on adult worm motility, 15 microfilaria-positive men were examined by ultrasound of the scrotal area. Entomologic surveys were conducted to determine the proportion of W. bancrofti-infected Cidex quinquefasciatus. After one year of treatment, the prevalence and intensity of microfilaremia were both reduced by more than 95%, while antigenemia levels were reduced by 60%. The motility of adult worms, as detected by ultrasound, was decreased, but not significantly, by DEC-fortified salt. The proportion of vector mosquitoes carrying infective stage larvae decreased significantly from 2.3% in the nine months before the intervention to 0.2% in the last three-month follow-up period. Iodine deficiency, which had been moderate to severe, was eliminated after one year of iodized salt consumption. The DEC-fortified salt was well accepted by the community and reduced microfilaremia and transmission to low levels in the absence of reported side effects. Based on these results, salt co-fortified with DEC and iodine should be considered as a concurrent intervention for lymphatic filariasis and iodine deficiency elimination programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Biol, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. S African MRC, Nutr Intervent Res Unit, ZA-7505 Tygerberg, South Africa. St Croix Hosp, Leogane, Haiti. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 39 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 865 EP 871 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100036 PM 11791989 ER PT J AU Sunstrum, J Elliott, LJ Barat, LM Walker, ED Zucker, JR AF Sunstrum, J Elliott, LJ Barat, LM Walker, ED Zucker, JR TI Probable autochthonous Plasmodium vivax malaria transmission in Michigan: Case report and epidemiological investigation SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article AB In September 1995, a Michigan resident with no history of international travel was diagnosed with Plasmodium vivax infection, and local mosquito-borne transmission was suspected. An epidemiological investigation did not identify additional cases of local transmission, and there was no apparent link to the 12 imported malaria cases detected in the re-ion. Potential sites of nighttime outdoor exposure included a campground in a swampy area, close to a racetrack frequented by international travelers, some of whom were known to come from countries with malaria transmission. Entomological investigation identified Anopheles spp. larvae and adults near the campsite. Summer temperatures 4.2degreesC above average would have contributed to shortened maturation time of P. vivax within the insect vector, increasing the likelihood of infectivity. These investigations indicated that this patient probably acquired P. vivax infection through the bite of a locally infected Anopheles spp. mosquito. Physicians need to consider malaria as a possible cause of unexplained febrile illness, even in the absence of international travel, particularly during the summer months. C1 Oakwood Hosp & Med Ctr, Dearborn, MI USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sunstrum, J (reprint author), 1934 Monroe, Dearborn, MI 48124 USA. NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 6 BP 949 EP 953 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 508YJ UT WOS:000173117100051 PM 11792004 ER PT J AU Toda, K Dasgupta, PK Li, JZ Tarver, GA Zarus, GM AF Toda, K Dasgupta, PK Li, JZ Tarver, GA Zarus, GM TI Fluorometric field instrument for continuous measurement of atmospheric hydrogen sulfide SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM; SENSITIVITY; MONITOR; EXPOSURE; SENSOR AB A sensitive (limit of detection similar to < 100 pptv at S/N = 3), fully automated, portable (32 x 25 x 38 cm, 4.5 kg) instrument has been designed for continuous field measurement of atmospheric hydrogen sulfide. Air is sampled by a PTFE membrane-based diffusion scrubber and collected into an alkaline fluorescein mercuric acetate (FMA) solution flowing under a controlled and constant pneumatic pressure. The collected sulfide quenches the fluorescence that is measured with a miniature blue LED photodiode-based fluorescence detector. Acquisition and interpretation of signal and all flow control are carried out via a mininotebook personal computer (PC) using custom software written in HP-VEE. The instrument provides for self-calibration and zero functions using an on-board permeation tube enclosed in a thermostated block, at any preprogrammed desired interval. During sampling, the computed H2S concentration is stored every 2 min. The complete system, including the PC, is operated in the field by a 12-V marine battery. The system was field tested near oil field operations in West Texas and showed good correlations with a concurrently operated lead acetate tape-based commercial sampler, with a response speed and time resolution much better than that of the latter instrument. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kumamoto Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Environm Sci, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan. RP Dasgupta, PK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HRSA-232-00-0086] NR 29 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 23 BP 5716 EP 5724 DI 10.1021/ac010602g PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 498YM UT WOS:000172541200026 PM 11774912 ER PT J AU Pollock, DA Lowery, DW O'Brien, PM AF Pollock, DA Lowery, DW O'Brien, PM TI Emergency medicine and public health: New steps in old directions SO ANNALS OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; UNITED-STATES; HOSPITAL EMERGENCY; CARE; POLICY; SURVEILLANCE; IMMUNIZATION; SYSTEM; INTERVENTION; TERRORISM AB Emergency medicine and public health have opportunities to interact in at least 4 areas: surveillance of diseases, injuries, and health risks; monitoring health care access; delivering clinical preventive services; and developing policies to protect and improve the public's health. Recent, cross-cutting initiatives and innovations in these 4 areas follow pathways first explored more than a generation ago and provide an important impetus for future work. An analysis of recent contributions also points to various obstacles and challenges that must be addressed to take full advantage of existing and rapidly developing ties between emergency medicine and public health. The connections between these 2 fields will continue to create important partnership opportunities and the strong possibility of achieving new benefits for patients, the public, and the professionals who serve them. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Emergency Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ Hosp, Emergency Dept, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Claremore Indian Hosp, Emergency Dept, Claremore, OK USA. RP Pollock, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F41, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Lowery-North, Douglas/B-7626-2013 NR 77 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-0644 J9 ANN EMERG MED JI Ann. Emerg. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 38 IS 6 BP 675 EP 683 DI 10.1067/mem.2001.119457 PG 9 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 498KB UT WOS:000172507700011 PM 11719749 ER PT J AU Eberhard, ML Melemoko, G Zee, AK Weisskopf, MG Ruiz-Tiben, E AF Eberhard, ML Melemoko, G Zee, AK Weisskopf, MG Ruiz-Tiben, E TI Misidentification of Onchocerca volvulus as guinea worm SO ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Over the past 10 years, the status of human infection with guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) in the Central African Republic (CAR) has been difficult to ascertain. It is unclear if indigenous cases are occurring and whether cases are migrating into the CAR from surrounding countries. A team of investigators visited the CAR in July-August 2000, to attempt to ascertain the presence of indigenous transmission. No cases of true guinea-worm infection (i.e. dracunculiasis) were detected, but three cases of human infection with Onchocerca volvulus, each of which had been misidentified as dracunculiasis, were detected. The unusual presentation of skin blisters and extraction of an intact female O. volvulus are described. As a result of this investigation, and the confusion of onchocerciasis being misidentified as dracunculiasis, the presence of endemic transmission of guinea worm in the CAR remains in question. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Minist Hlth, Guinea Worm Eradicat Programme, Bangui, Cent Afr Republ. Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Carter Ctr, Global 2000 Program, Atlanta, GA 30307 USA. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, F13,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0003-4983 J9 ANN TROP MED PARASIT JI Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 95 IS 8 BP 821 EP 826 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Parasitology; Tropical Medicine GA 499NX UT WOS:000172578200008 PM 11784436 ER PT J AU Lounis, N Bentoucha, A Truffot-Pernot, C Ji, BH O'Brien, RJ Vernon, A Roscigno, G Grosset, J AF Lounis, N Bentoucha, A Truffot-Pernot, C Ji, BH O'Brien, RJ Vernon, A Roscigno, G Grosset, J TI Effectiveness of once-weekly rifapentine and moxifloxacin regimens against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID PREVENTIVE THERAPY; 8-METHOXYQUINOLONE; PHARMACOKINETICS AB Mice infected with 1.6 x 10(7) CFU of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were treated 14 days later for 6 months with a regimen of once-weekly 10 mg of rifapentine and 75 mg of isoniazid per kg of body weight supplemented with either 150 mg of streptomycin per kg or 100 mg of moxifloxacin per kg during either both the 2-week daily initial and once-weekly continuation phases or only in the daily 2-week initial phase. On completion of treatment, all lung cultures were negative, except for three mice, each with a single colony: two whose rifapentine-isoniazid regimen was supplemented with streptomycin during the whole course of therapy and one whose rifapentine-isoniazid regimen had no initial daily phase, but was supplemented with streptomycin and moxifloxacin during the whole course of therapy. After 3 months of follow-up, positive lung cultures were obtained from 61 and 56% of mice supplemented with streptomycin during either the full course of therapy or only the daily 2-week initial phase, respectively, and 15 and 50% of mice supplemented with moxifloxacin during either the full course of therapy or only the daily 2-week initial phase, respectively. These results suggest that moxifloxacin has sterilizing activity against M. tuberculosis. C1 Univ Paris 06, Bacteriol Lab, F-75634 Paris, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Global Alliance TB Drug Dev, New York, NY 10038 USA. RP Lounis, N (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, Lab Bacteriol Hyg, 91 Blvd Hop, F-75634 Paris 13, France. NR 21 TC 69 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 45 IS 12 BP 3482 EP 3486 DI 10.1128/AAC.45.12.3482-3486.2001 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 494UT UT WOS:000172304800031 PM 11709328 ER PT J AU Weigel, LM Anderson, GJ Facklam, RR Tenover, FC AF Weigel, LM Anderson, GJ Facklam, RR Tenover, FC TI Genetic analyses of mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID DNA TOPOISOMERASE-IV; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; IN-VITRO; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; 8-METHOXY QUINOLONE; GYRASE; CIPROFLOXACIN; PARC; MOXIFLOXACIN; GEMIFLOXACIN AB Twenty-one clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae showing reduced susceptibility or resistance to fluoroquinolones were characterized by serotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic analyses of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE. Five strains were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial agents. In susceptibility profiles for gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, sparfloxacin, and trovafloxacin, 14 isolates had intermediate- or high-level resistance to all fluoroquinolones tested except gemifloxacin (no breakpoints assigned). Fluoroquinolone resistance was not associated with serotype or with resistance to other antimicrobial agents. Mutations in the QRDRs of these isolates were more heterogeneous than those previously reported for mutants selected in vitro. Eight isolates had amino acid changes at sites other than ParC/S79 and GyrA/S81; several strains contained mutations in gyrB, parE, or both loci. Contributions to fluoroquinolone resistance by individual amino acid changes, including GyrB/E474K, ParE/E474K, and ParC/A63T, were confirmed by genetic transformation of S. pneumoniae R6. Mutations in gyrB were important for resistance to gatifloxacin but not moxifloxacin, and mutation of gyrA was associated with resistance to moxifloxacin but not gatifloxacin, suggesting differences in the drug-target interactions of the two 8-methoxyquinolones. The positions of amino acid changes within the four genes affected resistance more than did the total number of QRDR mutations. However, the effect of a specific mutation varied significantly depending on the agent tested. These data suggest that the heterogeneity of mutations will likely increase as pneumococci are exposed to novel fluoroquinolone structures, complicating the prediction of cross-resistance within this class of antimicrobial agents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weigel, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 51 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 45 IS 12 BP 3517 EP 3523 DI 10.1128/AAC.45.12.3517-3523.2001 PG 7 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 494UT UT WOS:000172304800036 PM 11709333 ER PT J AU McNaghten, AD Wan, PCT Dworkin, MS AF McNaghten, AD Wan, PCT Dworkin, MS CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI Prevalence of hearing loss in a cohort of HIV-infected patients SO ARCHIVES OF OTOLARYNGOLOGY-HEAD & NECK SURGERY LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNaghten, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0886-4470 J9 ARCH OTOLARYNGOL JI Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 127 IS 12 BP 1516 EP 1518 PG 3 WC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery SC Otorhinolaryngology; Surgery GA 500ZB UT WOS:000172657600024 PM 11735832 ER PT J AU Francis, DP Peddecord, KM Hofherr, LK Astles, JR Schalla, WO AF Francis, DP Peddecord, KM Hofherr, LK Astles, JR Schalla, WO TI Viral load test reports - A description of content from a sample of US laboratories SO ARCHIVES OF PATHOLOGY & LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laboratory Aspects of Human Retrovirus and Hepatitis C Testing CY MAR 06-09, 2000 CL CHARLOTTE, NORTH CAROLINA SP Assoc Public Hlth Labs ID VIRUS TYPE-1 RNA; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HIV-1 RNA; UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS; PLASMA; INFECTION; QUANTIFICATION; PANEL; QUANTITATION; PROGRAM AB Context.- Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA testing (viral load testing) is increasingly important in the care of patients infected with HIV-1 to determine when to initiate, monitor, and change antiretroviral therapy. Patient viral load testing information is communicated to the clinician through the laboratory test report. Objectives.-To examine the format and information used in reporting viral load testing results and determine the clarity of the information provided in these reports. Design.-Patient test reports with all personal identifiers removed were requested of viral load testing laboratories participating in a telephone survey of laboratory practices. Hospital, independent, health department, and "other type" laboratories identified as university-associated laboratories participated in the telephone survey. Results.-Thirty-seven unique test reports were collected. All laboratories reported results in copies/mL, while 14% also reported results as "log(10) copies/mL." The test kit was identified by only 24% of the laboratories. Reportable ranges were specified by 70% of the laboratories, but there was considerable variation in terminology. One laboratory reported a viral load copy number below the manufacturer's test kit lower limit of sensitivity. The layout and format differed among reports. Some results were expressed in log,,, others contained nonsignificant integers, while others contained exponential numbers. Supplemental information in some reports included previous patient test results and significance of changes from baseline. The format of some reports made it difficult to read the report information and interpret the testing results. Conclusion.-This study emphasizes the importance of standardizing the reporting of HIV-1 viral load test results to minimize result misinterpretation and incorrect treatment. C1 San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Lab Assurance Program, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Francis, DP (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Coll Hlth & Human Serv, Lab Assurance Program, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 58 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COLLEGE AMER PATHOLOGISTS PI NORTHFIELD PA C/O KIMBERLY GACKI, 325 WAUKEGAN RD, NORTHFIELD, IL 60093-2750 USA SN 0003-9985 J9 ARCH PATHOL LAB MED JI Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 125 IS 12 BP 1546 EP 1554 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pathology SC Medical Laboratory Technology; Research & Experimental Medicine; Pathology GA 503HL UT WOS:000172793000004 PM 11735688 ER PT J AU Feigelson, HS Calle, EE Robertson, AS Wingo, PA Thun, MJ AF Feigelson, HS Calle, EE Robertson, AS Wingo, PA Thun, MJ TI Alcohol consumption increases the risk of fatal breast cancer (United States) SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE alcohol consumption; breast cancer; mortality; prospective studies ID DIETARY-FOLATE CONSUMPTION; POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN; SURVIVAL; MORTALITY; COHORT; RECURRENCE; MODELS; HEALTH; LIFE AB Objective: To investigate the hypothesis that alcohol consumption increases the risk of breast cancer mortality. Methods: We examined breast cancer mortality in relation to self-reported alcohol consumption in women from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study (CPS)-II. After 14. years of follow-up, 1,442 eligible breast cancer deaths were observed among 242,010 women. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed for total alcohol consumption and for beer, wine, and liquor separately. Results: Total alcohol consumption was associated with increased risk of fatal breast cancer among post- but not pre- or perimenopausal women. Even less than one drink/day was associated with up to a 30% increase in breast cancer mortality among postmenopausal women compared to non-drinkers (RR = 1.3, 95% CL 1.1-1.6 for women drinking 0.26- <1 drink/day). When examined separately, consumption of beer, wine, and liquor each increased the risk of breast cancer among postmenopausal women. We found no evidence that alcohol consumption was more deleterious among women at high risk for breast cancer compared to average-risk women. Conclusion: This study adds to the evidence that postmenopausal women can reduce their risk of breast cancer by avoiding or minimizing their use of alcohol. C1 Amer Canc Soc, Natl Home Off, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Feigelson, HS (reprint author), Amer Canc Soc, Natl Home Off, Dept Epidemiol & Surveillance Res, 1599 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 29 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 2 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD DEC PY 2001 VL 12 IS 10 BP 895 EP 902 DI 10.1023/A:1013737616987 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 510QQ UT WOS:000173219100004 PM 11808708 ER PT J AU Peters, U McGlynn, KA Chatterjee, N Gunter, E Garcia-Closas, M Rothman, N Sinha, R AF Peters, U McGlynn, KA Chatterjee, N Gunter, E Garcia-Closas, M Rothman, N Sinha, R TI Vitamin D, calcium, and vitamin D receptor polymorphism in colorectal adenomas SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID BONE-MINERAL DENSITY; EPITHELIAL-CELL PROLIFERATION; TRANSLATION INITIATION SITE; DIETARY CALCIUM; COLON-CANCER; PROSTATE-CANCER; BREAST-CANCER; 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D-3; GENE POLYMORPHISM; RECTAL-CANCER AB Experimental studies suggest that vitamin D and calcium protect against cancer by reducing proliferation and inducing differentiation. The effects of vitamin D and calcium may be mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is encoded by the VDR gene. The present study investigated whether calcium intake and serum vitamin D, as an integrated measure of intake and endogenous production, were associated with risk of colorectal adenoma, known precursors of invasive colorectal cancer. In addition, the interrelation among vitamin D, calcium, and FokI polymorphism of the VDR gene was investigated. Persons (239) with histologically confirmed colorectal adenomas and 228 control individuals without colorectal adenomas confirmed by sigmoidoscopy were enrolled in this case control study conducted at the National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, MD. We observed an inverse association of serum 25-OH vitamin D [25-(OH)D] with colorectal adenoma. With each 10 ng/ml increase of serum 25-(OH)D, the risk of colorectal adenoma decreased by 26% (odds ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.60-0.92). The results provided limited evidence for a weak association between calcium intake and colorectal adenoma (odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.01 per each 100-mg calcium intake). However, the inverse association of serum 25-(OH)D with colorectal adenoma is suggested to be stronger in subjects with calcium intake above the median (P for multiplicative interaction 0.13). The VDR FokI polymorphism was not significantly associated with colorectal adenoma and did not modify the effect of vitamin D or calcium. In conclusion, the study results suggested a protective effect for vitamin D on colorectal adenoma. C1 NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Peters, U (reprint author), NCI, Nutr Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd EPS, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Garcia-Closas, Montserrat /F-3871-2015; Sinha, Rashmi/G-7446-2015 OI Garcia-Closas, Montserrat /0000-0003-1033-2650; Sinha, Rashmi/0000-0002-2466-7462 NR 71 TC 119 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1267 EP 1274 PG 8 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 507JF UT WOS:000173023100006 PM 11751444 ER PT J AU Dube, SR Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Croft, JB Edwards, VJ Giles, WH AF Dube, SR Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Croft, JB Edwards, VJ Giles, WH TI Growing up with parental alcohol abuse: exposure to childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction SO CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT LA English DT Article DE child abuse; child neglect; domestic violence; parental alcohol abuse ID SEXUAL ABUSE; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; CHILDREN; VICTIMIZATION; EXPERIENCES; PREVALENCE; ADAPTATION; DRINKING; STRESS AB Objective: This study is a detailed examination of the association between parental alcohol abuse (mother only, father only, or both parents) and multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and other household dysfunction, known as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Method: A questionnaire about ACEs including child abuse, neglect, household dysfunction, and exposure to parental alcohol abuse was completed by 8629 adult HMO members to retrospectively assess the relationship of growing up with parental alcohol abuse to 10 ACEs and multiple ACEs (ACE score). Results: Compared to persons who grew up with no parental alcohol abuse, the adjusted odds ratio for each category of ACE was approximately 2 to 13 times higher if either the mother, father, or both parents abused alcohol (p < 0.05). For example, the likelihood of having a battered mother was increased 13-fold for men who grew up with both parents who abused alcohol (OR, 12.7; 95% CI: 8.4-19.1). For almost every ACE, those who grew up with both an alcohol-abusing mother and father had the highest likelihood of ACEs. The mean number of ACEs for persons with no parental alcohol abuse, father only, mother only, or both parents was 1.4, 2.6, 3.2, and 3.8, respectively (p < .001). Conclusion: Although the retrospective reporting of these experiences cannot establish a causal association with certainly, exposure to parental alcohol abuse is highly associated with experiencing adverse childhood experiences. Improved coordination of adult and pediatric health care along with related social and substance abuse services may lead to earlier recognition, treatment, and prevention of both adult alcohol abuse and adverse childhood experiences, reducing the negative sequelae of ACEs in adolescents and adults. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA 92120 USA. RP Dube, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS-44-10/11] NR 34 TC 144 Z9 145 U1 4 U2 27 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0145-2134 J9 CHILD ABUSE NEGLECT JI Child Abuse Negl. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1627 EP 1640 DI 10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00293-9 PG 14 WC Family Studies; Psychology, Social; Social Work SC Family Studies; Psychology; Social Work GA 507EH UT WOS:000173013700008 PM 11814159 ER PT J AU Jason, J Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Bell, M Jensen, RJ Gunter, E Buchanan, I Larned, J Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR AF Jason, J Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Bell, M Jensen, RJ Gunter, E Buchanan, I Larned, J Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR TI The effects of iron deficiency on lymphocyte cytokine production and activation: preservation of hepatic iron but not at all cost SO CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytokines; IL-4; IL-6; iron deficiency; lymphocyte activation; transferrin receptor ID SOLUBLE TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; SERUM; FERRITIN; INTERLEUKIN-6; METABOLISM; CHILDREN; CELLS; INFECTIONS; GENERATION; IMMUNITY AB Worldwide, over 40% of children have iron deficiency anaemia, frequently associated with infections. Certain cytokines are involved in both immune activation/response to infection and iron transport/metabolism. We therefore assessed the relations among iron deficiency, cytokine production and lymphocyte activation markers in 142 hospitalized Malawian children. We examined peripheral blood lymphocyte antigens/cytokine production using four- colour flow cytometry and serum transferrin receptor (TfR) levels, an inverse measure of iron status unaffected by acute illness or infection, with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Wilcoxon rank sum tests and logistic regression analyses (LRA) were performed. Iron deficiency (TfR greater than or equal to 10 mug/ml) versus TfR < 10 mug/ml, was associated with higher percentages of lymphocytes producing: (a) induced or spontaneous IL-6 (medians: induced, 15.9% for iron-deficient children versus 8.8% for iron-replete children, P = 0.002; spontaneous, 24.4% versus 13.0%, P < 0.001) and (b) induced IFN-gamma (medians:18.4% versus 12.4%, P = 0.006). The percentages of CD8(+) T cells spontaneously producing IL-6 and of all lymphocytes producing induced TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in the same cell had the strongest relationships to iron deficiency (b = + 0.0211, P = 0.005 and b = + 0.1158, P = 0.012, respectively, LRA) and were also positively related to the co-expression of the T cell activation markers HLA DR and CD38. Severe iron deficiency (TfR greater than or equal to 30 mug/ml) was associated with the percentage of lymphocytes producing induced IL-4 (medians: 0.5% versus 1.6%, P < 0.010). The cytokine patterns associated with iron deficiency in our study would preserve iron stores but also preferentially retain the activation capabilities of T cells, albeit not necessarily other immune cells, until a critical level of iron depletion is reached. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Invest & Prevent Branch, Hosp Infect Program,US Dept Publ Hlth, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,US Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe, Malawi. Minist Hlth & Populat, Community Hlth Sci Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Jason, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Immunol Branch, DASTLR, NCID,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv,US Publ Hlth Serv, Mailstop A-25,1600 Clifton Rd N, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 32 TC 40 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0009-9104 J9 CLIN EXP IMMUNOL JI Clin. Exp. Immunol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 126 IS 3 BP 466 EP 473 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2001.01707.x PG 8 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 549GY UT WOS:000175437200016 PM 11737064 ER PT J AU Fitzpatrick, LK Hardacker, JA Heirendt, W Agerton, T Streicher, A Melnyk, H Ridzon, R Valway, S Onorato, I AF Fitzpatrick, LK Hardacker, JA Heirendt, W Agerton, T Streicher, A Melnyk, H Ridzon, R Valway, S Onorato, I TI A preventable outbreak of tuberculosis investigated through an intricate social network SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; TRANSMISSION; COMMUNITY; INFECTION; STRAIN; RISK AB In 1998, a city in Indiana reported 4-fold increase in the number of cases of tuberculosis (TB). An investigation to assess the increase in cases and to identify possible epidemiologic links among persons with TB identified 41 cases of active TB. Epidemiologic links and/or matching DNA fingerprints were identified for 31 patients (76%). The majority of these patients were members of a single social network within the community. Links for most of these patients were identified after multiple interviews with patients and their contacts. TB control activities in the county were limited prior to the identification of the outbreak. At least 24 cases may have been preventable. This outbreak may have been prevented with prompt case identification and effective contact tracing and screening during the years before the outbreak. The use of social networks should be considered in the investigation of outbreaks that involve difficult-to-reach populations. TB control measures should be maintained in areas with historically low TB incidence. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indiana State Dept Hlth, Laporte Cty, IN USA. RP Ridzon, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1801 EP 1806 DI 10.1086/323671 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 489NX UT WOS:000171998800001 PM 11692291 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF AF Dowell, SF TI Low attack rate of summertime influenza: Could it be the host? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-12,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 11 BP 1951 EP 1952 DI 10.1086/324091 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 489NX UT WOS:000171998800028 PM 11692313 ER PT J AU Hengel, RL Nicholson, JKA AF Hengel, RL Nicholson, JKA TI An update on the use of flow cytometry in HIV infection and AIDS SO CLINICS IN LABORATORY MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID T-CELLS; GATING LYMPHOCYTES; VIRUS-INFECTION; IMMUNODEFICIENCY; ACTIVATION; CD4; SUBSETS; SYSTEM; MEMORY; FLUORESCENCE AB This article reviews the routine use of flow cytometry in the clinical setting of HIV disease and updates it for recent advancements in technology. Nonroutine assays that have some evidence for routine clinical use are then addressed. Finally, assays in the research setting that hold promise for making their way into the clinic sometime soon are examined. C1 Georgetown Univ, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Washington, DC USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nicholson, JKA (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop C12,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 14 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0272-2712 J9 CLIN LAB MED JI Clin. Lab. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 841 EP + PG 18 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 502ZQ UT WOS:000172773000011 PM 11770291 ER PT J AU Wolf, SL Sattin, RW O'Grady, M Freret, N Ricci, L Greenspan, AI Xu, TS Kutner, M AF Wolf, SL Sattin, RW O'Grady, M Freret, N Ricci, L Greenspan, AI Xu, TS Kutner, M TI A study design to investigate the effect of intense Tai Chi in reducing falls among older adults transitioning to frailty SO CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS LA English DT Article DE aging; exercise; frailty; geriatrics; Tai Chi; wellness ID AEROBIC EXERCISE; ELDERLY PERSONS; BALANCE; CHUAN; INJURIES; FEAR; INTERVENTION; POPULATION; COMMUNITY; STRENGTH AB This paper describes the study design, methodological considerations, and baseline characteristics of a clinical trial to determine if intense (48 weeks, twice per week) Tai Chi practice can reduce the frequency of falls among older adults transitioning to frailty compared to a wellness education program. Twenty facilities will be stratified on socioeconomic status and facility type and randomly assigned to one of the two interventions. Secondary outcome measurements include variables related to function, behavior, and the biomechanics of movement. This study is unique because it represents an effort to offer a novel physical intervention to a large sample of transitional frail adults, a population that has received few formal exercise interventions. In addition to bringing the interventions into facilities, a 1-year follow-up is also included to assess rates of change in outcome measurements. (C) Elsevier Science Inc. 2001. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Ctr Rehabil Med,Res Programs, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Prevent Res, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Gwinnett Tech Coll, Lawrenceville, GA USA. RP Wolf, SL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Rehabil Med, Ctr Rehabil Med,Res Programs, 1441 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Wolf, Steven/F-6588-2010 OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0002-9446-8995 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 14767] NR 37 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 8 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0197-2456 J9 CONTROL CLIN TRIALS JI Controlled Clin. Trials PD DEC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 6 BP 689 EP 704 DI 10.1016/S0197-2456(01)00168-4 PG 16 WC Medicine, Research & Experimental; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Research & Experimental Medicine; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 502QF UT WOS:000172753700008 PM 11738125 ER PT J AU Martin, GS Mannino, D Moss, M AF Martin, GS Mannino, D Moss, M TI Sepsis trends in the United States SO CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Martin, Greg/B-4085-2009 OI Martin, Greg/0000-0002-9684-7593 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0090-3493 J9 CRIT CARE MED JI Crit. Care Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 29 IS 12 SU S MA 23 BP A8 EP A8 PG 1 WC Critical Care Medicine SC General & Internal Medicine GA 505PJ UT WOS:000172920900023 ER PT J AU Cartas, M Singh, SP Serio, D Rizvi, TA Kalyanaraman, VS Goldsmith, CS Zaki, SR Weber, IT Srinivasan, A AF Cartas, M Singh, SP Serio, D Rizvi, TA Kalyanaraman, VS Goldsmith, CS Zaki, SR Weber, IT Srinivasan, A TI Intravirion display of a peptide corresponding to the dimer interface structure of protease attenuates HIV-1 replication SO DNA AND CELL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HERPESVIRUS RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES; FUSION PROTEINS; GAG PROTEINS; INHIBITION; TYPE-1; VPR; INFECTION; CELL AB Current treatment of HIV-1-infected individuals involves the administration of several drugs, all of which target either the reverse transcriptase or the protease activity of the virus. Unfortunately, the benefits of such treatments are compromised by the emergence of viruses exhibiting resistance to the drugs. This situation warrants new approaches for interfering with virus replication. Considering the activation of protease in the virus particles, a novel strategy to inhibit HIV-1 replication was tested targeting the dimerization domain of the protease. To test this idea, we have selected four residues from the C terminus of HIV-1 protease that map to the dimer interface region of the enzyme. We have exploited Vpr to display the peptides in the virus particles. The chimeric Vpr exhibited expression and virion incorporation similar to wildtype Vpr. The virus derived from the HIV-1 proviral DNA containing chimeric Vpr sequences registered a reduced level of replication in CEM and CEM X 174 cells in comparison with viruses containing wildtype Vpr. Similar results were observed in a single-round replication assay. These results suggest that the intravirion display of peptides targeting viral proteins is a powerful approach for developing antiviral agents and for dissecting the dynamic interactions between structural proteins during virus assembly and disassembly. C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Kimmel Canc Inst, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Univ Texas, MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Bastrop, TX USA. Sci Pk Res Div, Dept Carcinogenesis, Smithville, TX USA. Adv Biosci Labs Inc, Kensington, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Activ, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol & Chem, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RP Srinivasan, A (reprint author), Thomas Jefferson Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Kimmel Canc Inst, JAH Rm 461,1020 Locust St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI29306]; NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM062920] NR 37 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1044-5498 J9 DNA CELL BIOL JI DNA Cell Biol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 20 IS 12 BP 797 EP 805 DI 10.1089/104454901753438615 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 522WM UT WOS:000173920000006 PM 11879573 ER PT J AU De Guise, S Shaw, SD Barclay, JS Brock, J Brouwer, A Dewailly, E Fair, PA Fournier, M Grandjean, P Guillette, LJ Hahn, ME Koopman-Esseboom, C Letcher, RJ Matz, A Norstrom, RJ Perkins, CR Schwacke, L Skaare, JU Sowles, J St Aubin, DJ Stegeman, J Whaley, JE AF De Guise, S Shaw, SD Barclay, JS Brock, J Brouwer, A Dewailly, E Fair, PA Fournier, M Grandjean, P Guillette, LJ Hahn, ME Koopman-Esseboom, C Letcher, RJ Matz, A Norstrom, RJ Perkins, CR Schwacke, L Skaare, JU Sowles, J St Aubin, DJ Stegeman, J Whaley, JE TI Consensus statement: Atlantic Coast Contaminants Workshop 2000 SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Marine Environm Res Inst, Blue Hill, ME USA. Univ Connecticut, Wildlife Conservat Res Ctr, Storrs, CT USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Free Univ Amsterdam, Inst Environm Studies, NL-1007 MC Amsterdam, Netherlands. Univ Laval, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Natl Ocean Serv, CCEHBR, Charleston Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Univ So Denmark, Odense, Denmark. Boston Univ, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Childrens Hosp, Utrecht, Netherlands. Univ Utrecht, Toxicol Res Inst, NL-3508 TD Utrecht, Netherlands. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, N Alaska Ecol Serv, Fairbanks, AK USA. Environm Canada, Canadian Wildlife Serv, Hull, PQ, Canada. Univ Connecticut, Environm Res Inst, Storrs, CT USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. Natl Vet Inst, Dept Toxicol & Chem, Oslo, Norway. State Maine Dept Environm Protect, Marine Environm Monitoring Program, Augusta, ME USA. Myst Aquarium, Mystic, CT USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP De Guise, S (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol, 61 N Eagleville Rd,U-89, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. OI Hahn, Mark/0000-0003-4358-2082 NR 0 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 109 IS 12 BP 1301 EP 1302 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 526NL UT WOS:000174136500040 PM 11748039 ER PT J AU Hall, JA Goulding, JS Bean, NH Tauxe, RV Hedberg, CW AF Hall, JA Goulding, JS Bean, NH Tauxe, RV Hedberg, CW TI Epidemiologic profiling: evaluating foodborne outbreaks for which no pathogen was isolated by routine laboratory testing: United States, 1982-9 SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; FOOD-BORNE; ILLNESS; GASTROENTERITIS AB The objective was to evaluate foodborne outbreaks of undetermined aetiology by comparing them to pathogen-specific epidemiologic profiles of laboratory-confirmed foodborne outbreaks. National foodborne outbreak data reported to CDC during 1982-9 were categorized by clinico-epidemiologic profiles based on incubation, duration, percent vomiting, fever and vomiting to fever ratio. From the pathogen-specific profiles, five syndromes were developed: a vomiting-toxin syndrome resembling Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus; a diarrhoea-toxin syndrome characteristic of Clostridium perfringens, a diarrhaeogenic Escherichia coli syndrome, a Norwalk-like virus syndrome, and a salmonella like syndrome. Of 712 outbreaks, 624 (87.6%) matched one of five syndromes; 340 (47.8%) matched the Norwalk-like syndrome and 83 (11.7%) matched the salmonella-like syndrome. After combining information on known pathogens and epidemiologic profiles, only 88 (12.4%) outbreaks remained unclassified. Norwalk-like virus outbreaks appear as common as salmonella-like outbreaks. We conclude that profiling can help classify outbreaks, guide investigations and direct laboratory testing to help detect new and emerging pathogens. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hall, JA (reprint author), 12125 Technol Dr,MN002-0258, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. NR 11 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 127 IS 3 BP 381 EP 387 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 518LV UT WOS:000173670600001 PM 11811869 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Kafoa, B Win, NSS Jose, M Bibb, W Luby, S Waidubu, G O'Leary, M Mintz, E AF Olsen, SJ Kafoa, B Win, NSS Jose, M Bibb, W Luby, S Waidubu, G O'Leary, M Mintz, E TI Restaurant-associated outbreak of Salmonella Typhi in Nauru: an epidemiological and cost analysis SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID FEVER; TAJIKISTAN; EPIDEMIC; VACCINE AB Typhoid fever is endemic in the South Pacific. We investigated an outbreak in Nauru. Through interviews and medical records, we identified 50 persons with onset between 1 October 1998 and 10 May 1999, of fever lasting greater than or equal to 3 days and one other symptom. Salmonella Typhi was isolated from 19 (38%) cases. Thirty-two (64%) patients were school-aged children, and 17 (34%) were in four households. Case-control studies of (a) culture-confirmed cases and age-and neighbourhood-matched controls; and (b) household index cases and randomly selected age-matched controls implicated two restaurants: Restaurant M (matched OR [MOR] = 11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.3-96) and Restaurant I (MOR = 5.8, 95% CI = 1.2-29). Food-handlers at both restaurants had elevated anti-Vi antibody titres indicative of carrier state. The annual incidence was 5.0/1000 persons. Outbreak-associated costs were $46000. Routine or emergency immunization campaigns targeting school-aged children may help prevent or control outbreaks of typhoid fever in endemic disease areas. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Fiji Sch Med, Suva, Fiji. Western Pacific Reg World Hlth Org, Suva, Fiji. RP Olsen, SJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 127 IS 3 BP 405 EP 412 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 518LV UT WOS:000173670600004 PM 11811872 ER PT J AU Fishbein, M Hennessy, M Kamb, M Bolan, GA Hoxworth, T Iatesta, M Rhodes, F Zenilman, JM AF Fishbein, M Hennessy, M Kamb, M Bolan, GA Hoxworth, T Iatesta, M Rhodes, F Zenilman, JM CA Project Respect Study Grp TI Using intervention theory to model factors influencing behavior change - Project RESPECT SO EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the Society-for-the-Multivariate-Analysis-in-the-Behavioural-Sciences (SMABS) CY JUL, 2000 CL LONDON, ENGLAND SP Soc Multivariate Anal Behav Sci ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; PREVENTION; TRANSMISSION; PARTNERS; HIV AB Project RESPECT was a multisite randomized trial comparing three clinic-based interventions' ability to increase condom use and prevent infection with HIV and sexually transmitted diseases. Because Project RESPECT had guiding concepts that determined the content of the sessions, the authors investigated how the intervention operated using these theoretical variables. Growth curve analysis and structural equation modeling estimated the correlation between intentions toward condom use and self-reports of condom use and isolated the treatment effects on mediating variables-attitudes, self-efficacy, and social norms-that predict intentions. The correlations between intentions and behavior exceeded. 70 for both genders, justifying the emphasis on intentions. Project RESPECT was effective through changing attitudes and self-efficacy for females in both counseling interventions. For males, only enhanced counseling had significant effects on these two mediator variables. C1 Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. San Franscisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Denver Publ Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Fishbein, M (reprint author), Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NR 38 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 11 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0163-2787 J9 EVAL HEALTH PROF JI Eval. Health Prof. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 24 IS 4 BP 363 EP 384 DI 10.1177/01632780122034966 PG 22 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 575PL UT WOS:000176956600001 PM 11817197 ER PT J AU Farel, A Umble, K Polhamus, B AF Farel, A Umble, K Polhamus, B TI Impact of an online analytic skills course SO EVALUATION & THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS LA English DT Article ID RESPONSE-SHIFT BIAS; CONTINUING-EDUCATION; TRAINING EVALUATION; SELF-EFFICACY; HEALTH; OUTCOMES; PROGRAM AB This article describes the effect of an online analytic skills training course on professional development and practice and discusses recommendations for using this training modality in the public health workforce. The Enhancing Data Utilization Skills Through Information Technology initiative trained professionals in maternal and child health from 13 Southern-tier state and local health departments to collect, analyze, and interpret data via a yearlong Web-based course. The evaluation of this initiative was based on a model of change for health professionals that holds that training influences behavior by increasing knowledge, influencing beliefs related to the behavior, enhancing self-efficacy, and improving skills. Participants' knowledge, beliefs, and self-efficacy all increased significantly during the course. Participants' self-assessed skill levels increased significantly for each of 12 selected skills and overall for all skills combined. Distance learning is potentially an effective means for professionals to advance their skills while continuing to fulfill their work-related responsibilities. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Farel, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. FU PHS HHS [6 U93 MC 00150-03 S1 RO] NR 29 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0163-2787 J9 EVAL HEALTH PROF JI Eval. Health Prof. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 24 IS 4 BP 446 EP 459 DI 10.1177/01632780122035019 PG 14 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 575PL UT WOS:000176956600006 PM 11817202 ER PT J AU Anderson, LA Smith, SM AF Anderson, LA Smith, SM TI Behavior, health, and aging SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Book Review ID QUALITY-OF-LIFE; CAPACITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Behav Sci & Hlth Educ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Anderson, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 28 IS 6 BP 808 EP 810 DI 10.1177/109019810102800610 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 490ZF UT WOS:000172083000009 ER PT J AU Bull, SS McFarlane, M King, D AF Bull, SS McFarlane, M King, D TI Barriers to STD/HIV prevention on the Internet SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; OF-LIFE RESEARCH; INFORMATION; FEASIBILITY; GUIDELINES; ISSUES; IMPACT; SEX AB Using the Internet as a mode for health promotion is appealing. There are important methodological considerations to the approach, but there are also important reasons why people will and will not participate in Internet interventions. This is a report on data from 4601 people who completed an online survey of sexual risk behavior in 2000. Most indicated they would visit a website for STD/HIV prevention information (61%), but fewer would open an E-mail (45%) or chat (30%) about the topic. Top reasons for rejecting website, E-mail and chat room education about STD/HIV are given. Logistic regression results showed men who have sex with men (MSM) and persons with a history of testing for STD are consistently more likely to endorse STD/HIV prevention through chat rooms (MSM 1.8, STD testers 1.3), E-mail (MSM 1.6, STD testers 1.2) and websites (MSM 1.8, STD testers 1.2). The data demonstrate the Internet may facilitate health promotion among MSM who may not be reached in a publicly funded STD prevention setting. The Internet may also act as a good adjunct to STD information obtained in clinic settings among those who seek STD testing. C1 AMC Canc Res Ctr, Denver, CO 80214 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bull, SS (reprint author), AMC Canc Res Ctr, 1600 Pierce St, Denver, CO 80214 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [R18/CCR815954-02] NR 22 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 16 IS 6 BP 661 EP 670 DI 10.1093/her/16.6.661 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 504QF UT WOS:000172866800003 PM 11780706 ER PT J AU Steckler, A Farel, A Bontempi, JB Umble, K Polhamus, B Trester, A AF Steckler, A Farel, A Bontempi, JB Umble, K Polhamus, B Trester, A TI Can health professionals learn qualitative evaluation methods on the World Wide Web? A case example SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTINUING-EDUCATION AB The Enhancing Data Utilization Skills through Information Technology (EDUSIT) project trained Maternal and Child Health professionals to collect, analyze and interpret data via a year-long web-based course. The overall goal of the project was to strengthen the technology and analytic skills of the public health workforce. This article describes and analyzes a web-based module for training public health professionals to use qualitative research and evaluation methods that was one of six offered within the EDUSIT project. The qualitative module consisted of six units: overview of qualitative methods, planning qualitative studies, conducting field observations, qualitative interviewing, analyzing qualitative data and presenting qualitative findings. Evaluation results found no statistically significant changes in specific knowledge or beliefs about qualitative methods. However, the change in participants' self-efficacy was statistically significant. Participants' self-reports also showed significant changes in perceived skill levels in `collecting qualitative data through an interview' and `analyzing and interpreting qualitative data'. Most participants rated each lesson within the qualitative methods module as valuable, and most found the teaching methods used satisfactory, emphasizing the value of both the didactic teaching and the practical exercises and team project. The most common difficulty reported was finding the time to complete the module requirements while also working full-time. Implications of these findings for web-based teaching of public health professionals are discussed. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, N Carolina Inst Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. So Connecticut State Univ, Dept Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06515 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Steckler, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Behav & Hlth Educ, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU PHS HHS [6 U93 MC 00150-03 S1 R0] NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 16 IS 6 BP 735 EP 745 DI 10.1093/her/16.6.735 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 504QF UT WOS:000172866800008 PM 11780711 ER PT J AU Wassell, JT Bailer, AJ AF Wassell, JT Bailer, AJ TI Occupational injury risk assessment: Perspective and introduction to the second special issue SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIOSH, Div Safety Res, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. RP Wassell, JT (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Safety Res, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1775 EP 1776 DI 10.1080/20018091095375 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 513UK UT WOS:000173397700002 ER PT J AU Scharf, T Vaught, C Kidd, P Steiner, L Kowalski, K Wiehagen, B Rethi, L Cole, H AF Scharf, T Vaught, C Kidd, P Steiner, L Kowalski, K Wiehagen, B Rethi, L Cole, H TI Toward a typology of dynamic and hazardous work environments SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Occupantional Injury Research Symposium (NOIRS) CY OCT 17, 2000 CL PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA DE dynamic and hazardous work environments; dynamic workplace hazards; constantly changing hazards AB The most hazardous work environments share one feature in common: constant change. Many different, but constantly changing hazards are found in agriculture, construction, mining, and transport. This dynamic feature of workplace hazards varies by: (1) degree of control, (2) predictability, (3) visibility, (4) movement, and (5) degree of speed and force. In some cases the actions of the dynamic hazards are required for production to take place, and in many cases, several different hazards may overlap and interact. Finally, whether intentional or unintentional, some dynamic hazards are human generated. These are some of the features that distinguish dynamic and hazardous work environments across a variety of industries. The authors propose a preliminary typology of dynamic and hazardous work environments, along with a schema to systematically observe the dynamic characteristics of these hazards. The implications of this typology are considered with respect to worker training, hazard awareness, and safe work practices. For example, the implementation of the Hierarchy of Control is shown to require active worker involvement at every level in the hierarchy, except where an environmental hazard has been completely eliminated. C1 NIOSH, Work Org & Stress Res Sect, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Min Injury Prevent Branch, Pittsburgh Res Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Arizona State Univ, Coll Nursing, Tempe, AZ USA. NIOSH, Natl Personal Protect Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Educ & Counseling Psychol, Lexington, KY USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Prevent Med, Lexington, KY USA. RP Scharf, T (reprint author), NIOSH, Work Org & Stress Res Sect, Div Appl Res & Technol, C-24,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1827 EP 1841 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 513UK UT WOS:000173397700007 ER PT J AU Bena, JF Bailer, AJ Park, RM Halperin, WE AF Bena, JF Bailer, AJ Park, RM Halperin, WE TI A graphical analysis of mortality rates and years of potential life lost SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE external causes of deaths; occupational injury risk assessment; death certificate registries; rate-ypll contour plot; actuarially adjusted life expectancy ID UNITED-STATES; INJURY AB One challenge in assessing occupational fatal injuries is choosing a summary measure of the impact of these injuries. Each metric emphasizes different aspects of health risk, and fatal injury reports often focus on only one summary measure at a time. Deaths from the National Traumatic Occupational Fatality database were combined into external cause of death (e-code) groups. Graphs comparing average years of potential life lost (YPLL), mortality rate, and their product, "YPLL-rate", are presented for e-code groups overall, industries and occupations, and e-code groups within selected industries and occupations. This integrated analysis of fatal injury characteristics allows identification of the portion of the workforce at highest risk. Homicides and electrocutions (e-code groups) had high mortality rates, average YPLL, and YPLL-rates, both overall, and within several of the industries and occupations examined. The industry and occupation of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing experienced a very high mortality rate and the lowest average YPLL for both industries and occupations. Laborer was the most hazardous occupation for young workers with an average YPLL near 40, and a mortality rate greater than 15 deaths per 100,000 worker-years. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Miami Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Prevent Med & Community Hlth, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Bena, JF (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mail Stop C-15, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 7 BP 1843 EP 1857 DI 10.1080/20018091095438 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 513UK UT WOS:000173397700008 ER PT J AU Branch, OH Takala, S Kariuki, S Nahlen, BL Kolczak, M Hawley, W Lal, AA AF Branch, OH Takala, S Kariuki, S Nahlen, BL Kolczak, M Hawley, W Lal, AA TI Plasmodium falciparum genotypes, low complexity of infection, and resistance to subsequent malaria in participants in the Asembo Bay cohort project SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE PROTEIN-1; CLINICAL MALARIA; UNSTABLE MALARIA; ASYMPTOMATIC CHILDREN; ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; TANZANIAN CHILDREN; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; GABONESE CHILDREN; IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DRY SEASON AB To assess the relationship between the within-host diversity of malaria infections and the susceptibility of the host to subsequent infection, we genotyped 60 children's successive infections from birth through 3 years of life. MSP-1 Block2 genotypes were used to estimate the complexity of infection (COI). Malaria transmission and age were positively associated with the number of K1 and Mad20 alleles detected (COIKM) (P < 0.003). Controlling for previous parasitemia, transmission, drug treatment, parasite density, sickle cell, and age, COIKM was negatively correlated with resistance to parasitemia of > 500/mul (P < 0.0001). Parasitemias with the RO-genotype were more resistant than those without this genotype (P < 0.0000). The resistance in low COIKM infections was not genotype specific. We discuss the impact of genotype-transcending immunity to conserved antigenic determinants. We also propose a diversity-driven immunomodulation hypothesis that may explain the delayed development of natural immunity in the first few years of life and suggest that interventions that decrease the COIKM could facilitate the development of protective immunity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Lal, AA (reprint author), Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Hwy, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. EM ALal@CDC.GOV NR 43 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 69 IS 12 BP 7783 EP 7792 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.12.7783-7792.2001 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 494QP UT WOS:000172297600073 PM 11705960 ER PT J AU de Gentile, A Rivas, N Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Momesso, T Iriart, EM Lopez, E Beck-Sague, CM Jarvis, WR AF de Gentile, A Rivas, N Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Momesso, T Iriart, EM Lopez, E Beck-Sague, CM Jarvis, WR TI Nosocomial infections in a children's hospital in Argentina: Impact of a unique infection control intervention program SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CENTERS; CARE AB OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of parental education and use of parents as nursing assistants on reducing nosocomial infections. DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Active surveillance for nosocomial infections was performed on two wards. On ward A, parents were educated about infection control practices and assisted nursing staff with routine tasks, so that nursing personnel could focus their efforts on procedures with higher risk of infection. Parental assistance was not sought on ward B, the comparison ward. RESULTS: From October 1990 through September 1991, 1,081 patients were admitted to wards A (470) or B (611). The overall nosocomial infection rate was 7.1 per 100 admissions; the nosocomial infection rate was significantly higher on ward 13 than ward A (63/611 vs 14/470; P < .001). Multivariate analysis identified risk factors for nosocomial infection on the two wards as age <2 years (P = .01), malnutrition (P = .005), duration of hospitalization (P < .001), ward B hospitalization (P = .003), and ward cleanliness score (P = .009); the distribution of patients with these factors was similar on the two wards. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that parental-infection control education and recruitment to relieve nursing staff of routine low-risk procedures are economical and easily implemented measures to reduce nosocomial infections in hospitals with limited personnel resources in the developing world. C1 CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hosp Ninos Dr Ricardo Gutierrez, Dept Med, Infect Control Comm, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL (reprint author), CDCP, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 12 BP 762 EP 766 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 523CT UT WOS:000173934800005 PM 11876454 ER PT J AU Strikas, RA Wallace, GS Myers, MG AF Strikas, RA Wallace, GS Myers, MG TI Preparing for pandemic influenza SO INFECTIONS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE influenza; surveillance; guidelines; drug delivery AB Influenza viruses cause annual epidemics of respiratory illness of varying intensity and severity accounting for an annual average of 20,000 excess deaths and 114,000 hospitalizations in the United States. Influenza viruses have also caused pandemics, characterized by sudden, pervasive infection in all age groups worldwide. Pandemics are caused by shifts of the viruses' dominant surface proteins, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. The United States is preparing a plan to respond to an influenza pandemic. Essential elements of the plan that will close collaboration with practicing physicians include surveillance, implementation of clinical care guidelines, vaccine delivery, antiviral drug delivery, monitoring for adverse events after vaccination and antiviral drug use, communications, and emergency response. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Strikas, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SCP COMMUNICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 134 W 29TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10001-5304 USA SN 0749-6524 J9 INFECT MED JI Infect. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 18 IS 12 BP 542 EP 547 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 506KY UT WOS:000172971200006 ER PT J AU Miller, JM AF Miller, JM TI Agents of bioterrorism - Preparing for bioterrorism at the community health care level SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS; MANAGEMENT; FOOD AB This article provides a general overview for community health care personnel by describing how preparedness at the local level is essential for protecting patients and health care personnel and promoting quality health care. The primary focus is on laboratory preparedness and the role of the clinical microbiology laboratory in the overall institutional preparedness plan. The most likely agents to be used in a bioterrorist event are described, as are the associated clinical syndromes. The appropriate responses for the community hospital laboratory also are detailed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Miller, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Div Hlth Care Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP 1127 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70189-6 PG 32 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 505LY UT WOS:000172915300007 PM 11780270 ER PT J AU Grossman, GL Rafferty, CS Clayton, JR Stevens, TK Mukabayire, O Benedict, MQ AF Grossman, GL Rafferty, CS Clayton, JR Stevens, TK Mukabayire, O Benedict, MQ TI Germline transformation of the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, with the piggyBac transposable element SO INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mosquito; genetic transformation; marker; genetic cross ID YELLOW-FEVER MOSQUITO; AEDES-AEGYPTI; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER; STABLE TRANSFORMATION; POLYTENE CHROMOSOMES; LINE TRANSFORMATION; SITU HYBRIDIZATION; TRICHOPLUSIA-NI; TRANSPOSITION; MARKER AB Germline transformation of the major African malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, was achieved using the piggyBac transposable element marked with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) Injected Into mosquito embryos. Two G(1) generation male mosquitoes expressing EGFP were identified among 34 143 larvae screened. Genomic Southern data and sequencing of the piggyBac insertion boundaries showed that these two males arose from one piggyBac insertion event In the Injected G(0) embryos. Genetic cross data suggest that the Insertion site of the element either resulted in, or Is tightly linked to, a recessive lethal. This was demonstrated by a deficiency in the number of EGFP-expressing offspring from inbred crosses but expected ratios In outcrosses to nontransformed individuals and failure to establish a pure-breeding line. The Insertion was weakly linked to the collarless locus on chromosome 2 and was shown by in situ hybridization to be located in division 28D of that chromosome. Particularly high levels of expression were observed uniformly in salivary glands and, in most individuals, in the anterior stomach. An improvement In the Injection technique at the end of the studies resulted in Increased Go hatching, transient expression and EGFP-expression rates among G(1) progeny. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Benedict, MQ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Entomol Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 151 Z9 163 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1075 J9 INSECT MOL BIOL JI Insect Mol. Biol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 10 IS 6 BP 597 EP 604 DI 10.1046/j.0962-1075.2001.00299.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology GA 501PK UT WOS:000172694000009 PM 11903629 ER PT J AU Hancock, K Broughel, DE Moura, INS Khan, A Pieniazek, NJ Gonzalez, AE Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW AF Hancock, K Broughel, DE Moura, INS Khan, A Pieniazek, NJ Gonzalez, AE Garcia, HH Gilman, RH Tsang, VCW TI Sequence variation in the cytochrome oxidase I, internal transcribed spacer 1, and Ts14 diagnostic antigen sequences of Taenia solium isolates from South and Central America, India, and Asia SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Taenia solium; cytochrome oxidase I; internal transcribed spacer I; species/strain identification; sequence variation; cysticercosis ID RIBOSOMAL DNA; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; MOLECULAR-CLONING; EVOLUTION; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; ECHINOCOCCUS; EPILEPSY; CYSTICERCOSIS; CESTODES; STRAINS AB We examined the genetic variability in the pig-human tapeworm, Taenia solium, by sequencing the genes for cytochrome oxidase 1, internal transcribed spacer 1, and a diagnostic antigen, Ts14, from individual cysts isolated from Peru, Colombia, Mexico, India, China, and the Philippines. For these genes. the rate of nucleotide variation was minimal. Isolates from these countries can be distinguished based on one to eight nucleotide differences in the 396 nucleotide cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence. However, all of the 15 isolates from within Peru had identical COI sequences. The Ts14 sequences from India and China were identical and differed from the Peru sequence by three nucleotides in 333. These data indicate that there is minimal genetic variability within the species T. solium. Minimal variability was also seen in the ITSI sequence, but this variation was observed within the individual. Twenty-two cloned sequences from six isolates sorted into 13 unique sequences. The variability observed within the sequences from individual cysts was as great as the variability between the isolates. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. on behalf of Australian Society for Parasitology. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Nacl Mayor San Marcos, Sch Vet Med, Lima 14, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Microbiol, Lima, Peru. Univ Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Dept Pathol, Lima, Peru. Inst Nacl Ciencias Neurol, Dept Transmissible Dis, Lima, Peru. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hancock, K (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Bldg 23,Room 1001,Mail Stop F-13,4770 Buford High, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 30 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7519 J9 INT J PARASITOL JI Int. J. Parasit. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 31 IS 14 BP 1601 EP 1607 DI 10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00295-8 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 509DX UT WOS:000173130600007 PM 11730787 ER PT J AU Phelps, RM Smith, DK Heilig, CM Gardner, LI Carpenter, CCJ Klein, RS Jamieson, DJ Vlahov, D Schuman, P Holmberg, SD AF Phelps, RM Smith, DK Heilig, CM Gardner, LI Carpenter, CCJ Klein, RS Jamieson, DJ Vlahov, D Schuman, P Holmberg, SD CA HER Study Grp TI Cancer incidence in women with or at risk for HIV SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER LA English DT Article DE HIV; HIV-associated cancer; lung cancer; cervical cancer ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INVASIVE CERVICAL-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; HUMAN-PAPILLOMAVIRUS; INFECTION; AIDS; MALIGNANCIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; CARCINOMA AB The purpose of our study was to identify the types and rates of cancers seen in high-risk human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected women. From 1993 to 1995, 1,310 women enrolled at four urban U.S. research sites in the HIV Epidemiology Research Study and were interviewed biannually to identify interval diagnoses and hospitalizations until study closure in March 2000. Cancer incidence data were collected through abstraction of medical records and death certificates. Of 871 HIV-infected and 439 HIV-uninfected women, 85% had a history of smoking and 50% a history of injection drug use. For our analysis, 4,180 person-years were contributed by HIV-infected women, and 2,308 person-years by HIV-uninfected women. HIV-infected women had 8 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 5 invasive cervical cancers (ICC), 1 Kaposi's sarcoma and 12 non-AIDS defining cancers, including 4 lung cancers, compared with 4 cancers in HIV-uninfected women including 1 lung cancer (all cancers, 6.22/1000 person-years vs. 1.73/1000 person-years, p = 0.01). CD4+ cell counts were above 200/mm(3) in all women with ICC. HIV-infected women with lung cancer were young smokers (mean age, 40 years), and all died within 6 months of diagnosis. Lung cancer occurred at twice the rate in HIV-infected vs. uninfected women in the cohort and severalfold above expected in age- and race-matched women in U.S. national data (incidence relative risk 6.39; 95% confidence interval 3.71, 11.02; p < 10(-7)). The frequent occurrence of cervical and lung cancers have important implications for the counseling (cigarette cessation), screening (PAP smears) and care of women with HIV infection, as they live longer because of current antiretroviral therapies. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss. Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NOVA Res Co, Bethesda, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Miriam Hosp, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Detroit, MI USA. RP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sdh1@cdc.gov RI Heilig, Charles/C-2753-2008 OI Heilig, Charles/0000-0003-1075-1310 FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802, U64/CCU506831] NR 37 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-7136 EI 1097-0215 J9 INT J CANCER JI Int. J. Cancer PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 94 IS 5 BP 753 EP 757 DI 10.1002/ijc.1528 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 489BR UT WOS:000171972600021 PM 11745473 ER PT J AU Mueller, WH Dai, S Labarthe, DR AF Mueller, WH Dai, S Labarthe, DR TI Tracking body fat distribution during growth: using measurements at two occasions vs one SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE body fat distribution; tracking; adolescence; development; within-individual variation ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; PROJECT HEARTBEAT; SUBCUTANEOUS FAT; FREE MASS; OBESITY; RISK; CHILDREN; POPULATION AB Objective: To investigate whether within-individual variation is a factor in the generally reported poor tracking of central body fat distribution (CBFD) during development and whether two measurements of CBFD during each measurement occasion would improve the estimate of tracking over time. Methods: A longitudinal study compared the results of two measurements of body fat (BF) and CBFD during each measurement occasion to the results of one measurement of BF and CBFD during each occasion every 4 months over 1-3 y. A total of 345 boys and 333 girls in three age cohorts of 8, 11 and 14 y at baseline were examined, BF variables were: body mass index (BMI); fat mass and percentage body fat from bioelectrical impedance; two skinfold sums; and abdominal circumference. CBFD variables were: waist/hip and waist/thigh ratios; conicity; and log upper-lower skinfold ratio. Results: Three-year tracking of BF varied from 0.79 to 0.90 for one- and from 0.81 to 0.93 for two-occasion measurements showing no apparent sex- or cohort-effects. Three-year tracking of CBFD was lower than that of BF (0.68-0.75), but improved significantly with two-occasion measurements (0.75-0.82). Conclusions: With in-individual variation is a significant factor in reported low tracking of CBFD in childhood. Estimates of tracking currently in the literature may underestimate the predictive value of CBFD, possibly because this research has used one-occasion measurement. The increased use of two-occasion measurement should significantly improve the tracking of CBFD during development and provide a more realistic understanding of its predictive value. C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX 77225 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mueller, WH (reprint author), Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Publ Hlth, POB 20186, Houston, TX 77225 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [U01-HL-41166]; ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU609653] NR 34 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 25 IS 12 BP 1850 EP 1855 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801832 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 497WK UT WOS:000172478300015 PM 11781767 ER PT J AU Greenberg, JB AF Greenberg, JB TI Childhood sexual abuse and sexually transmitted diseases in adults: a review of and implications for STD/HIV programmes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF STD & AIDS LA English DT Review DE child abuse; sexually transmitted diseases; intervention studies; behavioural sciences ID HIV RISK BEHAVIORS; ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY; WOMEN; CHILDREN; VICTIMIZATION; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE; SURVIVORS; SEQUELAE; HISTORY AB Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has been linked to a variety of health problems in adolescence and adulthood, including risky sexual behaviour and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). This article reviews the literature, including findings from a recent intervention study of high-risk, adult women and offers suggestions for professionals working in STD/HIV prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Greenberg, JB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 45 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC MEDICINE PRESS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 WIMPOLE STREET, LONDON W1M 8AE, ENGLAND SN 0956-4624 J9 INT J STD AIDS JI Int. J. STD AIDS PD DEC PY 2001 VL 12 IS 12 BP 777 EP 783 DI 10.1258/0956462011924380 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 500VF UT WOS:000172646800002 PM 11779366 ER PT J AU LoBue, PA Peter, C Tracy, M Moser, K AF LoBue, PA Peter, C Tracy, M Moser, K TI Concurrent Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis infections in a patient with AIDS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, TB Control Program Cty San Diego, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Publ Hlth Lab Cty San Diego, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP LoBue, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1164 EP 1165 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 505DH UT WOS:000172895900019 PM 11769779 ER PT J AU Trajman, A Selig, L Belo, MTCT Teixeira, EG Brito, R Kritski, A AF Trajman, A Selig, L Belo, MTCT Teixeira, EG Brito, R Kritski, A TI The Tuberculosis Scientific League: enrolling medical students in the battle against the disease SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, TB Control Program Cty San Diego, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, Publ Hlth Lab Cty San Diego, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. RP Trajman, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Field Serv Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 5 IS 12 BP 1165 EP 1166 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 505DH UT WOS:000172895900020 PM 11769780 ER PT J AU Colfax, GN Mansergh, G Guzman, R Vittinghoff, E Marks, G Rader, M Buchbinder, S AF Colfax, GN Mansergh, G Guzman, R Vittinghoff, E Marks, G Rader, M Buchbinder, S TI Drug use and sexual risk behavior among gay and bisexual men who attend circuit parties: A venue-based comparison SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; risk behavior; drug use; club drugs; sildenafil ID SUBSTANCE USE; HIV SEROCONVERSION; UNPROTECTED SEX; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; SAN-FRANCISCO; PREVALENCE; ASSOCIATION; INFECTION AB Context: HIV risk behavior among urban gay/bisexual men has recently increased. High-risk sexual activity and drug use may be particularly high during circuit party (CP) weekends, during which gay/bisexual men congregate for social activities and dancing. Objectives: To compare prevalence of risk behaviors during CP weekends with those during non-CP weekends. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: 295 gay/bisexual men from the San Francisco Bay Area. Main Outcome Measures: Drug use and sexual risk behavior during a San Francisco CP weekend, a CP weekend held in another geographic area (distant weekends), and two non-CP weekends. Results: During their most recent distant CP weekend, 80% of participants used methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), 66% ketamine, 43% crystal methamphetamines, 29% gamma-hydroxybutyrate or gamma-butyrolactone (GHB/GBL), 14% sildenafil (Viagra), and 12% amyl nitrites (poppers) 53% used four or more drugs. Drug use prevalence was greater during CP than non-CP weekends (p < .001). Unprotected anal sex with partners of unknown or opposite HIV serostatus was most prevalent during distant CP weekends, reported by 21% of HIV-positive and 9% of HIV-negative participants. In multivariate analysis, predictors of unprotected anal sex with opposite or unknown HIV serostatus partners included being HIV-positive (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-7.5), and weekend use of crystal methamphetamines (OR 2.4; 95% Cl, 1.1-4.9), sildenafil (OR, 3.8, 95% Cl, 2.0-7.3), and amyl nitrites (OR, 2.2; 95% Cl, 1.3-4.0). Conclusions: Prevalence of high-risk activity during these weekends suggests significant potential for HIV transmission in this population. Public health programs in communities hosting Cps should aim to reduce rates of drug use and sexual risk behavior among CP participants, especially HIV-positive men. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV Res Branch, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. CDC, US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Colfax, GN (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, HIV Res Branch, 25 Van Ness Ave,Suite 600, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU914930] NR 33 TC 163 Z9 164 U1 4 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 4 BP 373 EP 379 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 494YH UT WOS:000172313100011 PM 11707675 ER PT J AU Dunne, EF Angoran-Benie, H Kamelan-Tano, A Sibailly, TS Monga, BB Kouadio, L Roels, TH Wiktor, SZ Lackritz, EM Mintz, ED Luby, S AF Dunne, EF Angoran-Benie, H Kamelan-Tano, A Sibailly, TS Monga, BB Kouadio, L Roels, TH Wiktor, SZ Lackritz, EM Mintz, ED Luby, S TI Is drinking water in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, safe for infant formula? SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; diarrhea; water; infant formula ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; SOUTH-AFRICA; HIV-1; PREVENTION; STORAGE; CONTAMINATION; DIARRHEA; COHORT AB Objective: To survey knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding water use and infant feeding in the Koumassi District of Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire, and to evaluate the microbiologic quality of source and stored drinking water. Design: Random-cluster household survey. Methods: We randomly selected 20 clusters, each comprising six households with at least 1 child aged less than or equal to3 years. In each household, we administered a questionnaire and collected source and stored drinking water samples and tested these for chlorine levels and for total coliform and fecal bacteria count (Escherichia coli). Results: Municipal water was used for drinking in 112 (93%) of 120 households, and in 99 (83%), it was stored for later use. By I month of age, 97 (90%) of 108 infants given drinking water were given stored water for drinking. In 8 (66%) of 12 households where children were receiving artificial feeding, formula was prepared from municipal water without additional treatment. Stored water had lower levels of free chlorine than source water (median of 0.05 versus 0.2 mg/dl; p < .001), and E. coli was detected in 36 (41%) of 87 stored water samples and 1 (1%) of 108 source water samples (p < .001). Conclusions: In the Koumassi District of Abidjan, where municipal water is widely available and of good quality, drinking water is stored in most households, is often contaminated with E. coli, and is given to children at a young age. If replacement feeding is to be more widely used to prevent postnatal transmission of HIV-1, communities using stored water need interventions to make stored water safer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Project RETROCI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Natl Inst Hyg, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Luby, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 4 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 494YH UT WOS:000172313100014 PM 11707678 ER PT J AU Schwarcz, S McFarland, W Delgado, V Dilley, J Rinaldi, J Adler, B Withum, D AF Schwarcz, S McFarland, W Delgado, V Dilley, J Rinaldi, J Adler, B Withum, D TI Partner notification for persons recently infected with HIV: Experience in San Francisco SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Hlth Project, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schwarcz, S (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU915112-02-3] NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 4 BP 403 EP 404 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 494YH UT WOS:000172313100018 PM 11707682 ER PT J AU Ballew, C Galuska, D Gillespie, C AF Ballew, C Galuska, D Gillespie, C TI High serum retinyl esters are not associated with reduced bone mineral density in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 SO JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE retinyl esters; bone mineral density; Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; men; women; adult; human ID VITAMIN-A INTOXICATION; HYPERVITAMINOSIS-A; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL; NHANES-III; US ADULTS; WOMEN; HYPERCALCEMIA; TOXICITY; CAROTENE AB Hypervitaminosis A is sometimes associated with abnormalities of calcium metabolism and bone mineral status. A recent study found a negative association between reported dietary vitamin A intake and bone mineral density (BMD). Some segments of the U.S. population have high fasting serum retinyl ester concentrations, a physiological marker that may reflect high and possibly excessive vitamin A intake. We examined the association between fasting serum retinyl esters and BMD in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 (NHANES III), a large, nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. BMD was measured for the femoral neck, trochanter, intertrochanter, and total hip on all nonpregnant participants aged greater than or equal to 20 years; 5790 participants also had complete data on fasting serum retinyl esters and covariates including age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary supplement use, diabetes, physical activity, and, among women, parity, menopausal status, and the use of oral contraceptives or estrogen-replacement therapy. The sample included non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Mexican American men and women. We examined the association between fasting serum retinyl esters and BMD at each site, controlling for covariates with multiple linear regression. We examined the association with osteopenia and osteoporosis with multiple logistic regression. Although the prevalences of high fasting serum retinyl esters concentration and low BMD were both substantial in this sample, there were no significant associations between fasting serum retinyl esters and any measure of bone mineral status. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Galuska, D (reprint author), Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 48 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC BONE & MINERAL RES PI WASHINGTON PA 2025 M ST, N W, STE 800, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3309 USA SN 0884-0431 J9 J BONE MINER RES JI J. Bone Miner. Res. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 16 IS 12 BP 2306 EP 2312 DI 10.1359/jbmr.2001.16.12.2306 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 495BP UT WOS:000172320600018 PM 11760846 ER PT J AU Belliot, G Noel, JS Li, JF Seto, Y Humphrey, CD Ando, T Glass, RI Monroe, SS AF Belliot, G Noel, JS Li, JF Seto, Y Humphrey, CD Ando, T Glass, RI Monroe, SS TI Characterization of capsid genes, expressed in the Baculovirus system, of three new genetically distinct strains of "Norwalk-Like viruses" SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ROUND-STRUCTURED VIRUSES; HUMAN CALICIVIRUS; UNITED-STATES; GASTROENTERITIS; RESPONSES; SEQUENCE; PROTEIN; IGG; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODIES AB "Norwalk-like viruses" (NLVs), members of a newly defined genus of the family Caliciviridae, are the most common agents of outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the United States. Two features of NLN's have hindered the development of simple methods for detection and determination of serotype: their genetic diversity and their inability to grow in cell culture. To assess the immune responses of patients involved in outbreaks of gastroenteritis resulting from infection with NLN's, we previously used recombinant-expressed capsid antigens representing four different genetic clusters, but this panel proved insufficient for detection of an immune response in many patients. To extend and further refine this panel, we expressed in baculovirus the capsid genes of three additional genetically distinct viruses, Burwash Landing virus (BLV), White River virus (WRV), and Florida virus. All three expressed proteins assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) that contained a full-length 64-kDa protein, but both the BLV and WRV VLPs also contained a 58-kDa protein that resulted from deletion of 39 amino acids at the amino terminus. The purified VLPs were used to measure the immune responses in 403 patients involved in 37 outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis. A majority of patients demonstrated a fourfold rise in the titer of immunoglobulin G to the antigen homologous to the outbreak strain, but most seroconverted in response to other genetically distinct antigens as well, suggesting no clear pattern of type-specific immune response. Further study of the antigenicity of the NLVs by use of VLPs should allow us to design new detection systems with either broader reactivity or better specificity and to define the optimum panel of antigens required for routine screening of patient sera. C1 CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Atlanta Res & Educ Fdn, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. Osaka City Inst Publ Hlth & Environm Sci, Osaka 543, Japan. RP Monroe, SS (reprint author), CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop G04, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Monroe, Stephan/0000-0002-5424-716X NR 31 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 39 IS 12 BP 4288 EP 4295 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.12.4288-4295.2001 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 500FT UT WOS:000172616100010 PM 11724834 ER PT J AU Muniz, MD Pizzini, CV Peralta, JM Reiss, E Zancope-Oliveira, RM AF Muniz, MD Pizzini, CV Peralta, JM Reiss, E Zancope-Oliveira, RM TI Genetic diversity of Histoplasma capsulatum strains isolated from soil, animals, and clinical specimens in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, by a PCR-based random amplified polymorphic DNA SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARBITRARY PRIMERS; IDENTIFICATION AB Little is known about the genetic strain diversity and geographical range of Histoplasma capsulatum isolated in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. We characterized 13 environmental, 7 animal, and 28 clinical H. capsulatum isolates by using a PCR-based random amplified polymorphic DNA (RA-PD) assay. DNA fingerprinting of these soil, animal, and clinical specimens was performed with four primers (1253, 1281, D-9355, and D-10513) and generated amplicons with considerable polymorphism. Although all of the isolates exhibited more than 80% genetic relatedness, they could be clustered into four to six genotypes for each primer. The RAPD profiles of H. capsulatum isolated from Rio de Janeiro State could be distinguished from those of the U.S. strains included in this study (Downs, G222B, G-186B, and FLS1) by showing less than 70% similarity to each primer. The genetic polymorphisms between H. capsulatum strains isolated from animals and soil obtained in the same geographic areas were 100% similar, suggesting that an environmental microniche could be acting as a source of infection for animals and the local human population. C1 Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Hosp Evandro Chagas, Microbiol Serv, Ctr Pesquisa, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zancope-Oliveira, RM (reprint author), Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Hosp Evandro Chagas, Microbiol Serv, Ctr Pesquisa, Av Brasil 4365, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RI Zancope-Oliveira, Rosely /I-1955-2013 NR 19 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 39 IS 12 BP 4487 EP 4494 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.12.4487-4494.2001 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 500FT UT WOS:000172616100043 PM 11724867 ER PT J AU Lanciotti, RS Kerst, AJ AF Lanciotti, RS Kerst, AJ TI Nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assays for rapid detection of West Nile and St. Louis encephalitis viruses SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NASBA; RNA; MOSQUITOS; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; EPIDEMIC; ROMANIA; PROBES AB The development and application of nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) assays for the detection of West Nile (WN) and St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) viruses are reported. Two unique detection formats were developed for the NASBA assays: a postamplification detection step with a virus-specific internal capture probe and electrochemiluminescence (NASBA-ECL assay) and a real-time assay with 6-carboxyfluorescein-labeled virus-specific molecular beacon probes (NASBA-beacon assay). The sensitivities and specificities of these NASBA assays were compared to those of a newly described standard reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and TaqMan assays for SLE virus and to a previously published TaqMan assay for WN virus. The NASBA assays demonstrated exceptional sensitivities and specificities compared to those of virus isolation, the TaqMan assays, and standard RT-PCR, with the NASBA-beacon assay yielding results in less than 1 h. These assays should be of utility in the diagnostic laboratory to complement existing diagnostic testing methodologies and as a tool in conducting flavivirus surveillance in the United States. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Lanciotti, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept HHS, Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 22 TC 155 Z9 171 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 39 IS 12 BP 4506 EP 4513 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.12.4506-4513.2001 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 500FT UT WOS:000172616100046 PM 11724870 ER PT J AU Frenzen, PD DeBess, EE Hechemy, KE Kassenborg, H Kennedy, M McCombs, K McNees, A AF Frenzen, PD DeBess, EE Hechemy, KE Kassenborg, H Kennedy, M McCombs, K McNees, A CA Foodnet Working Grp TI Consumer acceptance of irradiated meat and poultry in the United States SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID FOOD-CONSUMPTION; ILLNESS; RISK AB Food manufacturers in the United States are currently allowed to irradiate raw meat and poultry to control microbial pathogens and began marketing irradiated beef products in mid-2000. Consumers can reduce their risk of foodborne illness by substituting irradiated meat and poultry for nonirradiated products, particularly if they are more susceptible to foodborne illness. The objective of this study was to identify the individual characteristics associated with willingness to buy irradiated meat and poultry, with a focus on five risk factors for foodborne illness: unsafe food handling and consumption behavior. young and old age, and compromised immune status. A logistic regression model of willingness to buy irradiated meat or poultry was estimated using data from the 1998-1999 FoodNet Population Survey, a single-stage random-digit dialing telephone survey conducted in seven sites covering 11% of the U.S. population. Nearly one-half (49.8%) of the 10.780 adult respondents were willing to buy irradiated meat or poultry. After adjusting for other factors, consumer acceptance of these products was associated with male gender, greater education. higher household income. food irradiation knowledge, household exposure to raw meat and poultry, consumption of animal flesh, and geographic location. However. there was no difference in consumer acceptance by any of the foodborne illness risk factors. It is unclear why persons at increased risk of foodborne illness were not more willing to buy irradiated products, which could reduce the hazards they faced from handling or undercooking raw meat or poultry contaminated by microbial pathogens. C1 US Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR 97232 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Notifiable Dis Unit, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Calif Emerging Infect Program, San Francisco, CA 94103 USA. RP Frenzen, PD (reprint author), US Econ Res Serv, USDA, 1800 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NR 44 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 6 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 64 IS 12 BP 2020 EP 2026 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 502ZG UT WOS:000172772200021 PM 11770633 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GR Yemm, RS Childs, KD O'Callaghan, JP Hossner, KL AF Schmidt, GR Yemm, RS Childs, KD O'Callaghan, JP Hossner, KL TI The detection of central nervous system tissue on beef carcasses and in comminuted beef SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID BRAIN-TISSUE; SPINAL-CORD; MEAT; CATTLE AB We report the development and validation of a fluorescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), which can be used as a rapid and sensitive method to detect CNS tissue in meat products. The fluorometric assay is sensitive to 0.2 ng GFAP and has an intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) of 2.0% and an interassay CV of 14.1%. Bovine spinal cord and brain demonstrate dose-response curves that are parallel to GFAP standards, whereas peripheral sciatic nerve and cervical ganglia also cross-react at high tissue levels. The use of another central nervous system marker, syntaxin 1-B, was not effective for neural tissue detection. Less than 1.0 ng GFAP per mg tissue was found on most beef subprimals and advanced meat recovery (AMR) product. Occasional samples contained higher levels of GFAP, probably because of contamination by the carcass-splitting saw, incomplete removal of the spinal cord, or a chance sampling of a major nerve. Further reduction of CNS content was facilitated by removal of the cervical vertebrae and the spinal canal prior to processing beef chuck bones through AMR equipment. The presence of GFAP was very low (0.037 ng/mg) in beef patties collected from major processors throughout the USA. The presence of normal sausage ingredients or heating the product to 80 degreesC for 60 min did not affect the detection of GFAP Heating the product to 115 degreesC for 100 min eliminated the detectability of GFAP. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Schmidt, GR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 9 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 64 IS 12 BP 2047 EP 2052 PG 6 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 502ZG UT WOS:000172772200024 PM 11770636 ER PT J AU Aggarwal, R Kamili, S Spelbring, J Krawczynski, K AF Aggarwal, R Kamili, S Spelbring, J Krawczynski, K TI Experimental studies on subclinical hepatitis E virus infection in cynomolgus macaques SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSMITTED NON-A; NON-B HEPATITIS; VIRAL HEPATITIS; UNITED-STATES; SWINE; INDIA; PREVALENCE; MONKEYS; VIREMIA AB Serial subclinical transmission among susceptible humans may serve as a reservoir of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in areas in which HEV is endemic. This hypothesis was investigated in an experimental primate model. Four groups of 4 cynomolgus macaques each were inoculated intravenously with 10(4)-10(5) (group 1), 10-100 (group 2), and 1-10 (group 3) cynomolgus macaque HEV infectious doses. All 4 animals in group 1 had clinical disease marked by alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation, fecal virus excretion, viremia, and seroconversion. Of the animals in groups 2 and 3, only 1 had evidence of biochemical hepatitis, although most had virus excretion and viremia (3 animals each in groups 2 and 3), and evidence of seroconversion (1 animal in group 2 and 3 animals in group 3). Viral genomic titers in stool specimens of animals with or without ALT elevation were similar. Infectivity studies confirmed the viability and transmission potential of the virus excreted by animals without ALT elevation. These data suggest that subclinical HEV infection may represent an HEV reservoir. C1 CDCP, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sanjay Gandhi Postgrad Inst Med Sci, Dept Gastroenterol, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. RP Krawczynski, K (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A-33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM kzk1@cdc.gov OI Aggarwal, Rakesh/0000-0001-9689-494X NR 34 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 11 BP 1380 EP 1385 DI 10.1086/324376 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 492BG UT WOS:000172145400003 PM 11709779 ER PT J AU Belec, L Ghys, PD Hocini, H Nkengasong, JN Tranchot-Diallo, J Diallo, MO Ettiegne-Traore, V Maurice, C Becquart, P Matta, M Si-Mohamed, A Chomont, N Coulibaly, IM Wiktor, SZ Kazatchkine, MD AF Belec, L Ghys, PD Hocini, H Nkengasong, JN Tranchot-Diallo, J Diallo, MO Ettiegne-Traore, V Maurice, C Becquart, P Matta, M Si-Mohamed, A Chomont, N Coulibaly, IM Wiktor, SZ Kazatchkine, MD TI Cervicovaginal secretory antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) that block viral transcytosis through tight epithelial barriers in highly exposed HIV-1-seronegative African women SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES; FEMALE SEX WORKERS; VAGINAL SECRETIONS; SERONEGATIVE PARTNERS; SEMINAL ANTIBODIES; HUMORAL IMMUNITY; RHESUS MACAQUES; INFECTED WOMEN; PLASMA IGA; MUCOSAL AB Antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) of the IgA, IgG, and IgM isotypes and high levels of the HIV suppressive beta -chemokine RANTES (regulated on activation, normally T cell expressed and secreted) were found in the cervicovaginal secretions (CVSs) of 7.5% of 342 multiply and repeatedly exposed African HIV-seronegative female sex workers. The antibodies are part of a local compartmentalized secretory immune response to HIV, since they are present in vaginal fluids that are free of contaminating semen. Cervicovaginal antibodies showed a reproducible pattern of reactivity restricted to gp160 and p24. Locally produced anti-env antibodies exhibit reactivity toward the neutralizing ELDKWA epitope of gp41. Study results show that antibodies purified from CVSs block the transcytosis of cell-associated HIV through a tight epithelial monolayer in vitro. These findings suggest that genital resistance to HIV may involve HIV-specific cervicovaginal antibody responses in a minority of highly exposed HIV-seronegative women in association with other protecting factors, such as local production of HIV-suppressive chemokines. C1 Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou, Virol Lab, F-75908 Paris 15, France. Hop Broussais, INSERM, U430, F-75674 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, Paris, France. Projet RETRO CI, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Programme Natl Lutte SIDA Malad Sexuellement Tran, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belec, L (reprint author), Hop Europeen Georges Pompidou, Virol Lab, F-75908 Paris 15, France. NR 55 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 11 BP 1412 EP 1422 DI 10.1086/324375 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 492BG UT WOS:000172145400007 PM 11709783 ER PT J AU Holman, RC Paddock, CD Curns, AT Krebs, JW McQuiston, JH Childs, JE AF Holman, RC Paddock, CD Curns, AT Krebs, JW McQuiston, JH Childs, JE TI Analysis of risk factors for fatal rocky mountain spotted fever: Evidence for superiority of tetracyclines for therapy SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID TICK-BORNE DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; SURVEILLANCE; MORTALITY AB Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of fatal and nonfatal cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) were compared to identify risk factors for death caused by this disease. Confirmed and probable RMSF cases reported through US national surveillance for 1981-1998 were analyzed. Among 6388 RMSF patients, 213 died (annual case-fatality rate, 3.3%; range, 4.9% in 1982 to 1.1% in 1996). Use of tetracycline-class antibiotics for treatment of RMSF increased significantly in the 1990s, compared with use in the 1980s. Older patients, patients treated with chloramphenicol only, patients for whom tetracycline antibiotics were not the primary therapy, and patients for whom treatment was delayed greater than or equal to5 days after the onset of symptoms were at higher risk for death. Although the case-fatality rate was lower in the 1990s than in the 1980s, risk factors for fatal RMSF were similar. Despite the availability of effective antibiotics, RMSF-related deaths continue to occur because of delayed diagnosis and failure to use appropriate therapy. C1 CDCP, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US DHHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holman, RC (reprint author), CDCP, Off Director, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US DHHS, MS A-39, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 65 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD DEC 1 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 11 BP 1437 EP 1444 DI 10.1086/324372 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 492BG UT WOS:000172145400010 PM 11709786 ER PT J AU Zeidner, NS Nuncio, MS Schneider, BS Gern, L Piesman, J Brandao, O Filipe, AR AF Zeidner, NS Nuncio, MS Schneider, BS Gern, L Piesman, J Brandao, O Filipe, AR TI A Portuguese isolate of Borrelia lusitaniae induces disease in C3H/HeN mice SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; LYME BORRELIOSIS; DIVERSITY; INFECTION AB A low-passage, Portuguese isolate of Borrelia lusitaniae, strain PotiB2, was inoculated into C3H/HeN mice and disease was monitored by histopathology at 8 weeks after spirochaete challenge. Ear, heart, bladder, femoro-tibial joint, brain and spinal cord were examined. B. lusitaniae strain PotiB2 (6 of 10 mice) and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto strain N40 (9 of 10 mice) induced similar lesions in the bladder of infected mice characterised as a multifocal, lymphoid, interstitial cystitis. Moreover, both B. lusitaniae PotiB2 and B. burdorferi N40 induced lesions in the heart of infected mice. The lesions induced by B. lusitaniae PotiB2 (2 of 10 mice) were characterised as a severe, necrotising endarteritis of the aorta, with a minimal, mixed inflammatory infiltrate (neutrophils, macrophages and lymphoid cells) extending into the adjacent myocardium. In contrast, B. burgdorferi N40 induced a periarteritis of the pulmonary artery (7 of 10 mice), with no involvement of the endothelium and more extensive inflammation and subsequent necrosis of the adjacent myocardium. This infiltrate was composed entirely of mononuclear cells, predominantly mature lymphocytes and plasma cells. No lesions were noted in the joints or central nervous system with inoculation of strains N40 or PotiB2, and co-inoculation of either strain with Ixodes ricinus salivary gland lysate did not affect the resulting pathology. Serology, examined 8 weeks after inoculation, indicated a different reactivity in mice infected with B. lusitaniae PotiB2 compared with B. burgdorferi N40. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that mice with lesions resulting from infection with B. lusitaniae PotiB2 reacted only to the flagellin protein (41 kDa) or to flagellin and OspC, whereas mice infected with B. burgdorferi N40 reacted with multiple high and low mol. wt proteins, including flagellin, p93, p39, OspA, OspB and OspC. These results indicate that B. lusitaniae PotiB2 induced pathology similar to B. burgdorferi N40 when inoculated into susceptible mice. Moreover, these results establish the first animal model of disease with B. lusitaniae. This mouse model can be used to characterise the immunopathogenesis of B. lusitaniae infection and to delineate the proteins responsible for disease induction in susceptible mice. C1 Ctr Estudos Vectores & Doencas Infecciosas, Inst Nacl Saude, Aguas De Moura, Portugal. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Neuchatel, Inst Zool, CH-2007 Neuchatel, Switzerland. Sao Bernardo Hosp, Dept Pathol, Setubal, Portugal. RP Nuncio, MS (reprint author), Ctr Estudos Vectores & Doencas Infecciosas, Inst Nacl Saude, Aguas De Moura, Portugal. OI Nuncio, Maria Sofia/0000-0001-5182-6150 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0022-2615 J9 J MED MICROBIOL JI J. Med. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 50 IS 12 BP 1055 EP 1060 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 497QM UT WOS:000172467000007 PM 11761189 ER PT J AU Helfand, RF Keyserling, HL Williams, I Murray, A Mei, J Moscatiello, C Icenogle, J Bellini, WJ AF Helfand, RF Keyserling, HL Williams, I Murray, A Mei, J Moscatiello, C Icenogle, J Bellini, WJ TI Comparative detection of measles and rubella IgM and IgG derived from filter paper blood and serum samples SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE EIA; vaccine; vaccination ID IMMUNOGLOBULIN-G; WHOLE-BLOOD; ORAL FLUID; VIRUS; ANTIBODIES; MUMPS; VACCINATION AB We compared the use of serum and filter paper blood spots as specimen sources for the detection of measles- and rubella-specific IgM and IgG. We collected capillary blood into microtainer tubes and onto filter paper spots from 60 children and 60 healthy adults. The blood was collected from 12-15-month-old children approximately 3 weeks after primary vaccination with measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, and the sample-pairs were tested for measles-specific IgM and IgG antibodies by using a capture antibody EIA and an indirect EIA, respectively. We tested sample-pairs from a subset of participants for rubella-specific IgM and IgG antibodies by using commercially available capture IgM (Captia) and indirect IgG (Wampole) assays. The concordance of results from serum and filter paper blood spots was high for all assays: 98% for measles IgM, 93% for measles IgG, 94% for rubella IgM, and 93% for rubella IgG, and increased to between 96-100% for all four assays when indeterminate samples were excluded. The correlation coefficients for EIA signals were 0.99 and 0.77 for measles IgM and IgG, respectively, and 0.92 and 0.94 for rubella lgM and IgG, respectively. The cut-off values used for filter paper samples were the same as those used for serum samples for all tests except for the rubella IgM assay. The use of filter paper blood spots is a promising future option for the detection of measles- and rubella-specific antibodies. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss,Inc. C1 CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis Epidemiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Helfand, RF (reprint author), CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A-34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 751 EP 757 DI 10.1002/jmv.2100 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 489LY UT WOS:000171993900018 PM 11745941 ER PT J AU Higgins, JA Fayer, R Trout, JM Xiao, LH Lal, AA Kerby, S Jenkins, MC AF Higgins, JA Fayer, R Trout, JM Xiao, LH Lal, AA Kerby, S Jenkins, MC TI Real-time PCR for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum SO JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE Cryptosporidium parvum; PCR; TaqMan ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; SUBUNIT RIBOSOMAL-RNA; MESSENGER-RNA; NONINVASIVE DETECTION; PUTATIVE BIOMARKERS; FECAL SPECIMENS; WATER SAMPLES; GIARDIA CYSTS; COLON-CANCER; CELL-CULTURE AB Real time. TaqMan PCR assays were developed for the Cp11 and 18S rRNA genes of the protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium parvum. The TaqMan probes were specific for the genus Cryptosporidium, but could not hybridize exclusively with human-infectious C. parvum species and genotypes. In conjunction with development of the TaqMan assays, two commercial kits, the Mo Bio UltraClean (TM) Soil DNA kit, and the Qiagen QIAamp (TM) DNA Stool kit, were evaluated for DNA extraction from calf diarrhea and manure, and potassium dichromate and formalin preserved human feces. Real-time quantitation was achieved with the diarrhea samples., but nested PCR was necessary to detect C. parvum DNA in manure and human feces. Ileal tissues were obtained from calves at 3, 7, and 14 days post-infection, and DNA extracted and assayed, Nested PCR detected C. part,um DNA in the 7-day post-infection sample, but neither of the other time point samples were positive. These results indicate that real-time quantitation of C. parvum DNA, extracted using the commercial kits, is feasible on diarrheic feces, with large numbers of oocysts and small concentrations of PCR inhibitor(s). For samples with few oocysts and high concentrations of PCR inhibitor(s), such as manure, nested PCR is necessary for detection. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. US FDA, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Higgins, JA (reprint author), USDA ARS, Rm 202,Bldg 173,10300 Baltimore Blvd, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 33 TC 65 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7012 J9 J MICROBIOL METH JI J. Microbiol. Methods PD DEC PY 2001 VL 47 IS 3 BP 323 EP 337 DI 10.1016/S0167-7012(01)00339-6 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Microbiology GA 498DF UT WOS:000172494000008 PM 11714523 ER PT J AU Lowe, BD AF Lowe, BD TI Precision grip force control of older and younger adults, revisited SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION LA English DT Article DE coordination; force control; precision grip ID PINCH FORCE; SKIN; FRICTION; IMPAIRMENTS; RESPONSES; GRASP; HAND AB This study revisited the hypothesis that older adults lose some ability to efficiently control precision grip force. A previous study demonstrated such a decrement in older adults' performance in a vertical lift and support maneuver. This study employed a similar paradigm in which dynamic forces were applied with a simulated hand tool while measuring grip force and force applied with the tool. Measures of grip force control reflected subjects' modulation of grip force in parallel with force transmitted with the tool and their scaling of the ratio of grip to applied force. Nine older (>65years) and 9 younger (<65 years) subjects' grip force control measures were compared with emphasis on recruiting active older individuals for whom upper extremity usage was high in their daily life. No statistically significant age effects were found in either force control measure, suggesting a smaller age-related decrement than reported in a previous study. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Lowe, BD (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-24, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. FU PHS HHS [22314815A] NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1053-0487 J9 J OCCUP REHABIL JI J. Occup. Rehabil. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 11 IS 4 BP 267 EP 279 DI 10.1023/A:1013396525056 PG 13 WC Rehabilitation; Social Issues SC Rehabilitation; Social Issues GA 516EM UT WOS:000173539200004 PM 11826727 ER PT J AU Eberhard, ML Njenga, MN DaSilva, AJ Owino, D Nace, EK Won, KY Mwenda, JM AF Eberhard, ML Njenga, MN DaSilva, AJ Owino, D Nace, EK Won, KY Mwenda, JM TI A survey for Cyclospora spp. in Kenyan primates, with some notes on its biology SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article AB From March 1999 through August 2000, 511 stool samples collected from 11 different primate species in 10 geographically distinct locations in Kenya, East Africa, were screened for the presence of Cyclospora spp. oocysts. Positive samples (43/102. 42%) were identified in vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) in 4 of 4 locations 19/206 (9%) in yellow and olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus, P. anubis, respectively) in 5 of 5 locations. and 19/76 (25%) in black and white colobus monkeys (Colobus angolensis. C. guereza, respectively) from 2 of 3 locations. DNA sequences obtained from 18 S rRNA coding regions from respective subsets of these positive samples were typed as Cyclospora cercopitheci (samples from Cercopithecus aethiops), Cyclospora papionis (samples from Papio cynocephalus and P. anubis), and Cyclospora colobi (samples from Colobus angolensis and C. guereza). Cyclospora oocysts were not detected in samples collected from patas, highland sykes, lowland sykes, blue sykes. DeBrazza. or red-tailed monkeys. A coded map showing the geographic location of the collected samples is given. Stool samples from 1 troop of vervet monkeys were collected over a 12-mo period. Positive samples ranged between 21 and 63%. These results suggest that there is no strongly marked seasonality evident in Cyclospora infection in monkeys as has been noted in human infection. This is further confirmed by the recovery of positive samples collected from vervet monkeys, baboons, and colobus monkeys at all times of the year during this survey. This absence of seasonality in infection is especially notable because of the extreme weather patterns typical of Kenya, where marked rainy and dry seasons occur. A second noteworthy observation is that the striking host specificity of the Cyclospora species initially described was confirmed in this survey. Baboons were only infected with C. papionis, vervet monkeys with C. cercopitheci, and colobus monkeys with C. colobi, despite geographic overlaps of both the monkey and parasite species and wide geographic distribution of each parasite and monkey host. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis F13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Eberhard, ML (reprint author), Natl Museums Kenya, Inst Primate Res, Karen, Kenya. NR 8 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1394 EP 1397 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[1394:ASFCSI]2.0.CO;2 PG 4 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 505JR UT WOS:000172910100027 PM 11780827 ER PT J AU Sullivan, JS Strobert, E Yang, CF Morris, CL Galland, GG Richardson, BB Bounngaseng, A Kendall, J McClure, H Collins, WE AF Sullivan, JS Strobert, E Yang, CF Morris, CL Galland, GG Richardson, BB Bounngaseng, A Kendall, J McClure, H Collins, WE TI Adaptation of a strain of Plasmodium vivax from India to new world monkeys, chimpanzees, and anopheline mosquitoes SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SCIUREUS-BOLIVIENSIS MONKEYS; SALVADOR I-STRAIN; AOTUS MONKEYS; SAIMIRI-SCIUREUS; SPOROZOITE TRANSMISSION; INHIBITORY ACTIVITY; CHESSON STRAIN; HUMAN MALARIA; INFECTIONS AB A strain of Plasmodium vivax from India was adapted to develop in splenectomized Saimiri boliviensis. Aotus lemurinus griseimembra, A vociferans, A. nancymai, A. azarae boliviensis. hybrid Aotus monkeys, and splenectomized chimpanzees. Infections were induced via the inoculation of sporozoites dissected from the salivary glands of Anopheles stephensi and An. dirus mosquitoes to 12 Aotus and 8 Saimiri monkeys transmission via the bites of infected An. stephensi was made to I Aotus monkey and I chimpanzee. The intravenous passage of infected erythrocytes was made to 9 Aotus monkeys and 4 chimpanzees. Gametocytes in 13 Aotus monkeys and 4 chimpanzees were infectious to mosquitoes. Infection rates were markedly higher in mosquitoes fed on chimpanzees. PCR studies on 10 monkeys injected with sporozoites revealed the presence of parasites before their detection by microscopic examination. The India VII strain of P. vivax develops in Aotus and Saimiri monkeys and chimpanzees following the injection of parasitized erythrocytes. or sporozoites. or both. The transmission rate via sporozoites to New World monkeys of approximately 50% may be too low for the testing of sporozoite vaccines or drugs directed against the exoerythrocytic stages. However, the strain is highly infectious to commonly available laboratory-maintained anopheline mosquitoes. Mosquito infection is especially high when feedings are made with gametocytes from splenectomized chimpanzees. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sci Resources Program,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sullivan, JS (reprint author), Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Yang, Chunfu/G-6890-2013 FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR00165] NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1398 EP 1403 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 505JR UT WOS:000172910100028 PM 11780828 ER PT J AU Fayer, R Trout, JM Xiao, L Morgan, UM Lal, AA Dubey, JP AF Fayer, R Trout, JM Xiao, L Morgan, UM Lal, AA Dubey, JP TI Cryptosporidium canis n. sp from domestic dogs SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; URBAN DOGS; PARASITES; PUP; PREVALENCE; DISTEMPER; GIARDIA; OOCYSTS; GENE AB Oocysts of Cryptosporidium, from the feces of a naturally infected dog and from an HIV-infected human, were identified as the previously reported canine genotype of Cryptosporidium parvum, hereafter referred to as Cryptosporidium canis n. sp. Also among the oocysts from the dog, a trace amount of C. parvum bovine genotype was detected. Cryptosporidium canis oocysts from both the dog and human were infectious for calves. Oocysts excreted by calf 1 (dog source) were approximately 90% C. canis and 10% C. parvum, whereas those excreted by calf 3 (human source) were 100% C canis. Oocysts from calf 1 infected calf 2 resulting in excretion by calf 2 of oocysts similar to 90% C. partum and 10% C. canis. Oocysts of C. canis were not infectious for BALB/c neonatal mice or immunosuppressed C57 juvenile mice, although all control mice became infected with the C. parvum Beltsville isolate. Oocysts of C. canis from calf 1 and the human were structurally indistinguishable from oocysts of the C. parvum Beltsville isolate (bovine). However, C. canis oocysts differed markedly at the molecular level from all known species of Cryptosporidium based on sequence data for the 18S rDNA and the HSP 70 gene. The differences in genetics and host specificity clearly differentiate C. canis as a new species. C1 ARS, USDA, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Fayer, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Xiao, Lihua/B-1704-2013 OI Xiao, Lihua/0000-0001-8532-2727 NR 38 TC 112 Z9 131 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 87 IS 6 BP 1415 EP 1422 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[1415:CCNSFD]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 505JR UT WOS:000172910100031 PM 11780831 ER PT J AU Sohn, AH Garrett, DO Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Grobskopf, LA Levine, GL Stover, BH Siegel, JD Jarvis, WR AF Sohn, AH Garrett, DO Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Grobskopf, LA Levine, GL Stover, BH Siegel, JD Jarvis, WR CA Pediat Prevention Network TI Prevalence of nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care unit patients: Results from the first national point-prevalence survey SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS; PEDIATRIC-PATIENTS; RISK; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MULTICENTER; PATHOGENS AB Objectives: Patients admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are at high risk of nosocomial infection. We conducted a national multicenter assessment of nosocomial infections in NICUs to determine the prevalence of infections, describe associated risk factors, and help focus prevention efforts. Study design: We conducted a point prevalence survey of nosocomial infections in 29 Pediatric Prevention Network NICUs. Patients present on the survey date were included. Data were collected on underlying diagnoses, therapeutic interventions/treatments, infections, and outcomes. Results: Of the 827 patients surveyed, 94 (11.4%) had 116 NICU-acquired infections: bloodstream (52.6%), lower respiratory tract (12.9%), ear-nose-throat (8.6%), or urinary tract infections (8.6%). Infants with Infections were of significantly lower birth weight (median 1006 g [range 441 to 4460 g] vs 1589 g [range 326 to 5480 g]; P < .001) and had longer median durations of stay than those without infections (88 days [range 8 to 279 days] vs 32 days [range 1 to 483 days]; P < .001). Most common pathogens were coagulase-negative staphylococci and enterococci. Patients with central intravascular catheters (relative risk = 3.81, CI 2.32-6.25; P < .001) or receiving total parenteral nutrition (relative risk = 5.72, CI 3.45-9.49; P < .001) were at greater risk of bloodstream infection. Conclusions: This study documents the high prevalence of nosocomial infections in patients in NICUs and the urgent need for more effective prevention interventions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Publ Hlth Serv, Epidem Intelligence Serv,Div Appl Publ Hlth Train, Epidemiol Program Off, CDC,US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Kosair Childrens Hosp, Norton Healthcare Inc, Louisville, KY USA. NACHRI, Alexandria, VA USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. RP Sohn, AH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pediat Infect Dis, 500 Parnassus Ave,MU 407E,Box 0136, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 41 TC 194 Z9 207 U1 1 U2 9 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 139 IS 6 BP 821 EP 827 DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.119442 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 505JA UT WOS:000172908600014 PM 11743507 ER PT J AU Trick, WE Jarvis, WR Weinstein, RA AF Trick, WE Jarvis, WR Weinstein, RA TI Colonization of skilled-care facility residents with antimicrobial-resistant pathogens - Reply SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Med Coll, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. RP Trick, WE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 49 IS 12 BP 1736 EP 1737 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49291.x PG 2 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 505JH UT WOS:000172909300025 ER PT J AU Piesman, J Happ, CM AF Piesman, J Happ, CM TI The efficacy of co-feeding as a means of maintaining Borrelia burgdorferi: a North American model system SO JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Borrelia burgdorferi; ticks; co-feeding ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; WHITE-FOOTED MICE; EFFICIENT TRANSMISSION; COFEEDING TICKS; THOGOTO VIRUS; IXODIDAE; ECOLOGY; RODENTS AB Although research on co-feeding as a means of maintaining tick-borne pathogens has focused chiefly on viruses, recent interest has been directed toward the importance of this phenomenon in maintaining the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. In the current study, an experimental model was developed to determine under what conditions immature co-feeding ticks exchange B. burgdorferi using the principal North American vector (Ixodes scapularis) and reservoir (Peromyscus leucopus) species. Experiments conducted with the density of ticks likely to be encountered in nature (8 nymphs < 40 larvae) demonstrated that no co-feeding larvae became infected; in contrast, horizontal transmission infected 30-64% of test larvae. Only the highest densities of ticks (40 nymphs > 200 larvae) produced infected larvae (5%) upon co-feeding of larvae and nymphs. An important role for co-feeding in the ecology of Lyme disease in North America has yet to be established. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 32 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 5 U2 12 PU SOC VECTOR ECOLOGY PI SANTA ANA PA PO BOX 87, SANTA ANA, CA 92702 USA SN 1081-1710 J9 J VECTOR ECOL JI J. Vector Ecol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 26 IS 2 BP 216 EP 220 PG 5 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 513ET UT WOS:000173365500010 PM 11813659 ER PT J AU Ainsworth, BE Anderson, LA Becker, DM Blalock, SJ Brown, DR Brownson, RC Brownstein, N Cornell, CE Devellis, BM Finnegan, LP Folger, S Fulton, JE Groff, JY Herman, C Jones, D Keyserling, TC Koffman, DM Lewis, C Masse, LC McKeown, RE Orenstein, D Spadaro, AJ AF Ainsworth, BE Anderson, LA Becker, DM Blalock, SJ Brown, DR Brownson, RC Brownstein, N Cornell, CE Devellis, BM Finnegan, LP Folger, S Fulton, JE Groff, JY Herman, C Jones, D Keyserling, TC Koffman, DM Lewis, C Masse, LC McKeown, RE Orenstein, D Spadaro, AJ CA Womens Hlth Initiative Comm Preven TI Community Prevention Study: Contributions to women's health and prevention research SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID AFRICAN-AMERICAN WOMEN; CULTURAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY PATTERNS; MINORITY WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; OLDER; WALKING; INTERVENTIONS; MANAGEMENT; PROGRAM C1 Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Prevent Res Ctr Off, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ S Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Univ Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NIH, Off Res Womens Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Texas, Houston, TX 77030 USA. RP Anderson, LA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Prevent Res Ctr Off, Div Adult & Community Hlth, MS-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 58 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 10 IS 10 BP 913 EP 920 DI 10.1089/152460901317193495 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 509FZ UT WOS:000173136800001 PM 11788102 ER PT J AU Rajeevan, MS Ranamukhaarachchi, DG Vernon, SD Unger, ER AF Rajeevan, MS Ranamukhaarachchi, DG Vernon, SD Unger, ER TI Use of real-time quantitative PCR to validate the results of cDNA array and differential display PCR technologies SO METHODS LA English DT Article DE gene expression profiling technologies; validation; real-time polymerase chain reactions; LightCycler ID DNA AMPLIFICATION; GENE-EXPRESSION AB Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) methods that monitor product accumulation were adapted for the validation of differentially expressed genes. We describe a real-time quantitative PCR assay that uses SYBR Green I dye-based detection and product melting curve analysis to validate differentially expressed genes identified by gene expression profiling technologies. Since SYBR Green I dye is a nonspecific intercalating dye, the reaction Is made specific by using "hot-start" PCR and empirically determined annealing and signal acquisition temperatures for each gene-specific primer. Relative expression levels were quantified by constructing a standard curve using cDNA dilutions of a highly expressed gene. Using this approach, real-time PCR validated 17 of 21 (71%) genes identified by DNA arrays, and all but 1 of 13 (91%) genes identified by differential display PCR (DD-PCR). Validation of differentially expressed genes detected by array analysis was related to hybridization intensity. Real-time RT-PCR results suggest that genes Identified by DNA arrays with a two to fourfold difference in expression cannot be accepted as true or false without validation. Validation of differentially expressed genes detected by DD-PCR was not affected by band intensities. Regardless of the gene expression profiling technology (microarrays, DD-PCR, serial analysis of gene expression and subtraction hybridization), once the sequence of gene of Interest is known, the real-time RT-PCR approach is well suited for validation of differential expression since it Is quantitative and rapid and requires 1000-fold less RNA than conventional assays. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science (USA). C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rajeevan, MS (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 13 TC 211 Z9 239 U1 2 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1046-2023 J9 METHODS JI Methods PD DEC PY 2001 VL 25 IS 4 BP 443 EP 451 DI 10.1006/meth.2001.1266 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 523JD UT WOS:000173949500007 PM 11846613 ER PT J AU Carlton, JMR Muller, R Yowell, CA Fluegge, MR Sturrock, KA Pritt, JR Vargas-Serrato, E Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW Mulder, N Kanapin, A Cawley, SE Hide, WA Dame, JB AF Carlton, JMR Muller, R Yowell, CA Fluegge, MR Sturrock, KA Pritt, JR Vargas-Serrato, E Galinski, MR Barnwell, JW Mulder, N Kanapin, A Cawley, SE Hide, WA Dame, JB TI Profiling the malaria genome: a gene survey of three species of malaria parasite with comparison to other apicomplexan species SO MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; apicomplexa; comparative genomics; proteome ID MUNG BEAN NUCLEASE; EXPRESSED SEQUENCE TAGS; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; FINDING GENES; PROTEIN; DNA; MEROZOITES; BIOINFORMATICS; GENERATION; DATABASE AB We have undertaken the first comparative pilot gene discovery analysis of approximately 25 000 random genomic and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from three species of Plasmodium, the infectious agent that causes malaria. A total of 5482 genome survey sequences (GSSs) and 5582 ESTs were generated from mung bean nuclease (MBN) and cDNA libraries, respectively, of the ANKA line of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium? berghei, and 10 874 GSSs generated from MBN libraries of the Salvador I and Belem lines of Plasmodium vivax, the most geographically wide-spread human malaria pathogen. These tags. together with 2438 Plasmodium falciparum sequences present in GenBank, were used to perform first-pass assembly and transcript reconstruction, and non-redundant consensus sequence datasets created. The datasets were compared against public protein databases and more than 1000 putative new Plasmodium proteins identified based on sequence similarity. Homologs of previously characterized Plasmodium genes were also identified, increasing the number of P. vivax and P. berghei sequences in public databases at least 10-fold. Comparative studies with other species of Apicomplexa identified interesting homologs of possible therapeutic or diagnostic value. A gene prediction program, Phat, was used to predict probable open reading frames for proteins in all three datasets. Predicted and non-redundant BLAST-matched proteins were submitted to InterPro, an integrated database of protein domains, signatures and families, for functional classification. Thus a partial predicted proteome was created for each species. This first comparative analysis of Plasmodium protein coding sequences represents a valuable resource for further studies on the biology of this important pathogen. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIH, Computat Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Biotechnol Informat, Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32608 USA. Univ Western Cape, S African Natl Bioinformat Inst, ZA-7535 Bellville, South Africa. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Emory Vaccine Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL Outstn, Hinxton CB10 1SD, Cambs, England. Affymetrix, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Carlton, JMR (reprint author), Inst Genom Res, 9712 Med Ctr Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RI Hide, Winston Hide/C-7217-2009; Kanapin, Alexander/E-7632-2013; Kanapin, Alexander/Q-7590-2016 OI Hide, Winston Hide/0000-0002-8621-3271; Kanapin, Alexander/0000-0001-9802-5297 FU PHS HHS [N01-A1-65315] NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-6851 J9 MOL BIOCHEM PARASIT JI Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 118 IS 2 BP 201 EP 210 DI 10.1016/S0166-6851(01)00371-1 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Parasitology GA 511EL UT WOS:000173251600009 PM 11738710 ER PT J AU Williams-Johnson, M Isacson, O AF Williams-Johnson, M Isacson, O TI Therapeutic approaches: Session XI summary and research needs SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID TRANSPLANTATION; NEURONS C1 US Dept HHS, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Morris K Udahl Parkinsons Dis Ctr Excellence, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Williams-Johnson, M (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Toxicol, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD DEC PY 2001 VL 22 IS 6 BP 855 EP 858 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(01)00085-7 PG 4 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 516LG UT WOS:000173554300016 PM 11829422 ER PT J AU Unger, ER Duarte-Franco, E AF Unger, ER Duarte-Franco, E TI Human papillomaviruses - Into the new millennium SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; NATURAL-HISTORY; LATIN-AMERICA; YOUNG-WOMEN; COSTA-RICA; CANCER; INFECTION; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION AB Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are newsworthy in this new millennium. Numerous articles have appeared in the lay press ranging in style and quality from informative essays to sensationalized exposes. Women, sensitized by confusing information, are asking obstetricians hard questions about HPV transmission and prevention, partner notification, the need for HPV testing, and methods of treatment. These questions are difficult because none of the answers are clear cut. This article provides the practicing gynecologist and obstetrician a concise and accurate summary of clinically important issues surrounding HPV. Current knowledge about HPV virology, epidemiology, testing, and the prospects for vaccination and other prevention measures is summarized. C1 CDCP, Human Papillomavirus Sect, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Family Med, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Oncol, Montreal, PQ, Canada. RP Unger, ER (reprint author), CDCP, Human Papillomavirus Sect, Viral Exanthems & Herpesvirus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G41, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Unger, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2925-5635 NR 47 TC 4 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0889-8545 J9 OBSTET GYN CLIN N AM JI Obstet. Gynecol. Clin. N. Am. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 28 IS 4 BP 653 EP + DI 10.1016/S0889-8545(05)70227-8 PG 16 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 497TH UT WOS:000172471200003 PM 11766143 ER PT J AU Khetsuriani, N Bisgard, K Prevots, DR Brennan, M Wharton, M Pandya, S Poppe, A Flora, K Dameron, G Quinlisk, P AF Khetsuriani, N Bisgard, K Prevots, DR Brennan, M Wharton, M Pandya, S Poppe, A Flora, K Dameron, G Quinlisk, P TI Pertussis outbreak in an elementary school with high vaccination coverage SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 36th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 11-15, 1998 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Infect Dis Soc Amer DE pertussis; pertussis vaccines; pertussis outbreaks; school-based outbreaks ID BORDETELLA-PERTUSSIS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; FIELD AB Background An outbreak of pertussis in a US elementary school with high vaccination coverage was investigated to evaluate vaccine effectiveness and to identify potential contributing factors. Methods. Survey and cohort study of all 215 students of an elementary school (including 36 case patients) and 16 secondary cases among contacts. Results. Fifty-two pertussis cases were identified (attack rate among students, 17%). Receipt of <3 doses of pertussis-containing-vaccine compared with receipt of complete vaccination series was a significant risk factor for pertussis [relative risk, 5.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3 to 8.6]. The effectiveness of the complete vaccination series was 80% (95% CI 66 to 88). No evidence of waning immunity among students was found. The following contributing factors for the outbreak were identified: multiple introductions of pertussis from the community; delays in identification and treatment of early cases; and high contact rates among students. Antimicrobial treatment initiated > 14 days after cough onset was associated with increased risk of further transmission of pertussis (relative risk, 10.1; 95% CI 1.5 to 70.3) compared with treatment within 14 days of onset. Conclusions. This investigation demonstrated the potential for pertussis outbreaks to occur in well-vaccinated elementary school populations. Aggressive efforts to identify cases and contacts and timely antimicrobial treatment can limit spread of pertussis in similar settings. High vaccination coverage should be maintained, because vaccination significantly reduces the risk of the disease throughout the elementary school years, and to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment health care providers should maintain a high index of suspicion for pertussis among elementary school age children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Ctr, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johnson Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Iowa City, IA USA. Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. RP Khetsuriani, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Informat Ctr, Natl Immunizat Program, Mailstop E-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1108 EP 1112 DI 10.1097/00006454-200112000-00003 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 503BB UT WOS:000172776300002 PM 11740314 ER PT J AU Saiman, L Ludington, E Dawson, JD Patterson, JE Rangel-Frausto, S Wiblin, RT Blumberg, HM Pfaller, M Rinaldi, M Edwards, JE Wenzel, RP Jarvis, W AF Saiman, L Ludington, E Dawson, JD Patterson, JE Rangel-Frausto, S Wiblin, RT Blumberg, HM Pfaller, M Rinaldi, M Edwards, JE Wenzel, RP Jarvis, W CA Natl Epidemiology Mycoses Survey TI Risk factors for Candida species colonization of neonatal intensive care unit patients SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Candida; Candida albicans; Candida parapsilosis; neonatal intensive care unit; preterm infants ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; BIRTH-WEIGHT INFANTS; NATIONAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; MYCOSES SURVEY; PARAPSILOSIS; OUTBREAK; ALBICANS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; MULTICENTER AB Background. Candida spp. are increasingly important pathogens in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). Prior colonization is a major risk factor for candidemia, but few studies have focused on risk factors for colonization, particularly in NICU patients. Methods. A prospective, multicenter cohort study was performed in six NICUs to determine risk factors for Candida colonization. Infant gastrointestinal tracts were cultured on admission and weekly until NICU discharge and health care worker hands were cultured monthly for Candida spp. Results. The prevalence of Candida spp. colonization was 23% (486 of 2157 infants); 299 (14%), 151 (7%) and 74 (3%) were colonized with Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis and other Candida spp., respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis adjusting for length of stay, birth weight less than or equal to 1000 g and gestational age < 32 weeks revealed that use of third generation cephalosporins was associated with either C. albicans (155 incident cases) or C. parapsilosis (104 incident cases) colonization. Use of central venous catheters or intravenous lipids were risk factors for C. albicans, whereas delivery by cesarean section was protective. Use of H2 blockers was an independent risk factor for C. parapsilosis. Of 2989 cultures from health care workers' hands, 150 (5%) were positive for C. albicans and 575 (19%) for C. parapsilosis, but carriage rates did not correlate with NICU site-specific rates for infant colonization. Conclusions. We speculate that NICU patients acquire Candida spp., particularly C. parapsilosis, from the hands of health care workers. H2 blockers, third generation cephalosporins and delayed enteral feedings alter gastrointestinal tract ecology, thereby facilitating colonization. C1 Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Biostat, Iowa City, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, San Antonio, TX USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Sch Med, Dept Med, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Dept Med, Richmond, VA USA. RP Saiman, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Pediat, New York, NY 10027 USA. NR 32 TC 161 Z9 174 U1 0 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1119 EP 1124 DI 10.1097/00006454-200112000-00005 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 503BB UT WOS:000172776300004 PM 11740316 ER PT J AU Bresee, JS El Arifeen, S Azim, T Chakraborty, J Mounts, AW Podder, G Gentsch, JR Ward, RL Black, R Glass, RI Yunus, M AF Bresee, JS El Arifeen, S Azim, T Chakraborty, J Mounts, AW Podder, G Gentsch, JR Ward, RL Black, R Glass, RI Yunus, M TI Safety and immunogenicity of tetravalent rhesus-based rotavirus vaccine in Bangladesh SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE rotavirus; rotavirus vaccine; rhesus rotavirus vaccine; Bangladesh; developing countries ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL; YOUNG-CHILDREN; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; RURAL BANGLADESH; PROTECTIVE EFFICACY; INFANTS; DIARRHEA; INFECTION; LIVE AB Background Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis among children worldwide. Objectives. To compare the safety, immunogenicity and shedding patterns of rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-tetravalent vaccine vs. placebo among infants in rural Bangladesh. Methods. A double blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in which infants (n = 120) were randomly assigned to receive three doses of either vaccine or placebo administered at similar to6, 10 and 14 weeks of age together with routine immunizations. Data on possible adverse effects of vaccinations were collected daily for 7 days after each dose. Stool samples were collected after each dose, and serum samples were obtained before the first and after the third vaccination. Results. Fever (greater than or equal to 38 degreesC), as measured by study assistants, was noted more frequently among vaccinees (15%) than among placebo recipients (2%) during the 7 days after vaccination but was not reported more frequently by parents of vaccinees vs. placebo recipients. Overall 87% of vaccinees had an antibody response (measured by IgA or anti-RRV-neutralizing antibodies) after vaccination compared with 32% of placebo recipients. Rates of seroconversion were higher among subjects with lower levels of prevaccination antibodies and those who shed rotavirus after vaccination. Vaccine strain viruses were detected in stools from placebo vaccine recipients who had evidence of IgA seroconversion. Conclusions. In this population RRV-tetravalent vaccine was comparably immunogenic and safe as in trials conducted in developed countries, where this vaccine has been proved effective in preventing severe rotavirus diarrhea. These data support continued evaluation of rotavirus vaccines in developing countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Publ Hlth Sci, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Int Ctr Diarrhoeal Dis Res, Div Sci Lab, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Sch Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. RP Bresee, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Mailstop G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Black, Robert/0000-0001-9926-7984 NR 57 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 20 IS 12 BP 1136 EP 1143 DI 10.1097/00006454-200112000-00009 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 503BB UT WOS:000172776300008 PM 11740320 ER PT J AU Hoyert, DL Freedman, MA Strobino, DM Guyer, B AF Hoyert, DL Freedman, MA Strobino, DM Guyer, B TI Annual summary of vital statistics: 2000 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth; birth weight-specific mortality; death; infant mortality; low birth weight; mortality; multiple births; vital statistics; ICD-10; year 2000 population ID INFANT SLEEP POSITION; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; UNITED-STATES; SURFACTANT; PREGNANCY; MORTALITY; CHILDREN; RISK AB The birth rate in 2000 (preliminary data) was 14.8 births per 1000 population, an increase of 2% from 1999 (14.5). The fertility rate, births per 1000 women aged 15 to 44 years, increased 3% to 67.6 in 2000, compared with 65.9 in 1999. The 2000 increases in births and the fertility rate were the third consecutive yearly increases, the largest in many years, halting the steady decline in the number of births and fertility rates in the 1990s. Fertility rates for total white, non-Hispanic white, black, and Native American women each increased about 2% in 2000. The fertility rate for black women, which declined 19% from 1990 to 1996, has changed little since 1996. The rate for Hispanic women rose 4% in 2000 to reach the highest level since 1993. Birth rates for women 30 years or older continued to increase. The proportion of births to unmarried women remained about the same at one third, but the number of births rose 3%. The birth rate for teen mothers declined again for the ninth consecutive year. The use of timely prenatal care (83.2%) remained unchanged in 2000, and was essentially unchanged for non-Hispanic white (88.5%), black (74.2%), and Hispanic (74.4%) mothers. The number and rate of multiple births continued their dramatic rise, but all of the increase was confined to twins; for the first time in more than a decade, the number of triplet and higher-order multiple births declined (4%) between 1998 and 1999 (multiple birth information is not available in preliminary 2000 data). The overall increases in multiple births account, in part, for the lack of improvement in the percentage of low birth weight (LBW) births. LBW remained at 7.6% in 2000. The infant mortality rate (IMR) dropped to 6.9 per 1000 live births (preliminary data) in 2000 (the rate was 7.1 in 1999). The ratio of the IMR among black infants to that for white infants was 2.5 in 2000, the same as in 1999. Racial differences in infant mortality remain a major public health concern. The role of low birth weight in infant mortality remains a major issue. Among all of the states, Utah and Maine had the lowest IMRs. State-by-state differences in IMR reflect racial composition, the percentage LBW, and birth weight-specific neonatal mortality rates for each state. The United States continues to rank poorly in international comparisons of infant mortality. Expectation of life at birth reached a record high of 76.9 years for all gender and race groups combined. Death rates in the United States continue to decline. The age-adjusted death rate for suicide declined 4% between 1999 and 2000; homicide declined 7%. Death rates for children 19 years of age or less declined for 3 of the 5 leading causes in 2000; cancer and suicide levels did not change for children as a group. A large proportion of childhood deaths, however, continue to occur as a result of preventable injuries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Populat & Family Hlth Sci, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Hoyert, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vital Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 820, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 49 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2001 VL 108 IS 6 BP 1241 EP 1255 DI 10.1542/peds.108.6.1241 PG 15 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 498EZ UT WOS:000172498000021 PM 11731644 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, L Reef, SE AF Zimmerman, L Reef, SE TI Congenital rubella infection control problem - Reply SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zimmerman, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2001 VL 108 IS 6 BP 1389 EP 1390 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 498EZ UT WOS:000172498000057 ER PT J AU Cooper, A Yusuf, H Rodewald, L Malik, T Pollard, R Pickering, L AF Cooper, A Yusuf, H Rodewald, L Malik, T Pollard, R Pickering, L TI Attitudes, practices, and preferences of pediatricians regarding initiation of hepatitis B immunization at birth SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE policy; hepatitis B; immunization; infant; pediatrician; practice; provider; vaccination ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; VACCINATION; CHILDREN; TAIWAN AB Objectives. To explore practices and attitudes of pediatricians toward administration of the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine to infants, and to identify factors influencing the decision of pediatricians to initiate immunization at birth versus at 1 to 2 months of age. Methods. A random sample of 600 pediatricians obtained from the American Academy of Pediatrics membership database was surveyed by mail. Results. Three hundred eighty (68%) of the 563 pediatricians who were located responded to the survey. Of these 380 pediatricians, 279 provided routine immunizations to children. Of the 270 pediatricians who vaccinated children with hepatitis B vaccine and indicated their practice regarding the birth dose, 50% offered the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine at birth to all infants; the rest either offered the vaccine at birth only to infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive mothers and mothers whose serostatus is unknown, or did not offer the birth dose to any infants at all. Practicing in the inner city, working for a medical school or government hospital, and living in a state with universal immunization supply policies were associated with the respondent giving the birth dose. The strongest perceived barriers to giving the birth dose in the hospital were the difficulty tracking these vaccines (39%), the increased cost (27%), and the lack of reimbursement from insurance companies (26%). If a combination vaccine that includes hepatitis B; diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine); and polio (inactivated poliovirus vaccine) antigens become available in the near future, then 38% of physicians who currently give the birth dose to all infants would prefer to wait until 2 months of age to initiate hepatitis B immunization. Conclusions. Efforts to achieve high implementation of hepatitis B birth dose administration may falter once a hepatitis B-containing pentavalent combination vaccine becomes available. Programmatic efforts should ensure prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus transmission through universal prenatal hepatitis B surface antigen screening and immunoprophylaxis of high-risk newborn infants. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yusuf, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2001 VL 108 IS 6 BP art. no. EP e98 DI 10.1542/peds.108.6.e98 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 498EZ UT WOS:000172498000002 PM 11731625 ER PT J AU DeStefano, F Mullooly, JP Okoro, CA Chen, RT Marcy, SM Ward, JI Vadheim, CM Black, SB Shinefield, HR Davis, RL Bohlke, K AF DeStefano, F Mullooly, JP Okoro, CA Chen, RT Marcy, SM Ward, JI Vadheim, CM Black, SB Shinefield, HR Davis, RL Bohlke, K CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Team TI Childhood vaccinations, vaccination timing, and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B vaccine; Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine; epidemiology ID CUMULATIVE INCIDENCE; NO EVIDENCE; IMMUNIZATION; ASSOCIATION; IDDM AB Objectives. To evaluate suggested associations between childhood vaccinations, particularly against hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b, and risk of developing type 1 diabetes; and to determine whether timing of vaccination influences risk. Methods. We conducted a case-control study within 4 health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that participate in the Vaccine Safety Datalink project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Study eligibility was restricted to children who met the following criteria: 1) born during 1988 through 1997; 2) HMO member since birth; 3) continuously enrolled for first 6 months of life; and 4) at least 12 months of HMO membership before diabetes incidence date (or index date for controls) unless incidence date was before 12 months of age. All 4 HMOs maintain registries of their members who have diabetes, and we used the registries to identify potential cases of diabetes. We conducted chart reviews to verify that potential cases met the World Health Organization epidemiologic case definition for type 1 diabetes mellitus (ie, a physician's diagnosis of diabetes plus treatment with daily insulin injections). We defined the incidence date of diabetes as the first date that the child received a diagnosis of diabetes. We attempted to match 3 controls to each case. Controls had the same eligibility criteria as cases and were matched to individual cases on HMO, sex, date of birth (within 7 days), and length of health plan enrollment (up to the incidence or index date). The index date for controls was defined as the incidence date of the case to which the control was matched. Chart abstraction was performed by trained chart abstractors using standardized forms. In addition to complete vaccination histories, the chart abstraction forms for both cases and controls included information on sociodemographic characteristics, selected medical conditions, history of breastfeeding, and family medical history. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of diabetes associated with vaccination, with vaccine exposure defined as before the diabetes incidence date (or index date for controls). Results. Two hundred fifty-two confirmed cases of diabetes and 768 matched controls met the study eligibility criteria. The OR (95% confidence interval) for the association with type 1 diabetes was 0.28 (0.07-1.06) for whole cell pertussis vaccine (predominantly in combination as diphtheria, tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine), 1.36 (0.70-2.63) for measles-mumps-rubella, 1.14 (0.51-2.57) for Haemophilus influenzae type b, 0.81 (0.52-1.27) for hepatitis B vaccine, 1.16 (0.72-1.89) for varicella vaccine, and 0.92 (0.53-1.57) for acellular pertussis-containing vaccines. Compared with children who had not received hepatitis B vaccine, the OR of diabetes was 0.51 (0.23-1.15) for children vaccinated at birth and 0.86 (0.54-1.35) for those first vaccinated against hepatitis B at 2 months of age or later. Race and ethnicity and family history of diabetes were independently associated with risk of type 1 diabetes, but adjustment for these factors did not materially alter the ORs for any of the vaccines. Conclusions. In this large, population-based, case-control study, we did not find an increased risk of type 1 diabetes associated with any of the routinely recommended childhood vaccines. Our study adds to previous research by providing data on newer vaccines, including hepatitis B, acellular pertussis, and varicella vaccines. For the older vaccines, our results are generally in agreement with previous studies in not finding any increased risks. Ours is the first epidemiologic study to evaluate the possibility that timing of vaccination is related to risk of clinical diabetes in children. Our results on hepatitis B vaccine do not support the hypothesis; risk of type 1 diabetes was not different between infants vaccinated at birth and those who received their first vaccination later in life. The results of our study and the preponderance of epidemiologic evidence do not support an association between any of the recommended childhood vaccines and an increased risk of type 1 diabetes. Suggestions that diabetes risk in humans may be altered by changes in the timing of vaccinations also are unfounded. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Kaiser Fdn Hosp, Panorama City, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Harbor Med Ctr, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. No Calif Kaiser Permanente, Pediat Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA USA. RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD DEC PY 2001 VL 108 IS 6 AR e112 DI 10.1542/peds.108.6.e112 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 498EZ UT WOS:000172498000016 PM 11731639 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Giles, WH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB AF Brown, DW Giles, WH Greenlund, KJ Croft, JB TI Disparities in cholesterol screening: Falling short of a national health objective SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cholesterol; mass screening; coronary disease ID DISEASE RISK-FACTORS; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; SERUM-CHOLESTEROL; RELIABILITY; MORTALITY; VALIDITY; PROGRESS; MEN AB Background. The objective of this study was to determine whether the Year 2000 national health objective for cholesterol screening was attained and to identify disparities in cholesterol screening across racial or ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Methods. Using data from 149,692 persons interviewed by the 1999 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we estimated the proportion of adults age greater than or equal to20 years who were screened for high blood cholesterol within the preceding 5 years. Results. Overall, an estimated 70.8% of the U.S. population was screened for cholesterol, falling short of the Year 2000 objective of 75%. Screening prevalence was lowest at ages 20-44 years (58.2%), in contrast to ages 45-64 years (81.9%) and greater than or equal to65 years (87.1%). Screening prevalence was also low among Asian or Pacific Islanders (62.7%) and Hispanics (60.7%), particularly Hispanic men (55.3%). After multivariate adjustment, Asian Pacific Islanders were significantly less likely to be screened compared with white non-Hispanics (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.65, 0.89). The likelihood of screening decreased with decreasing income level (P<0.05) and persons with health insurance were 1.6 times more likely to have been screened during the past 5 years than adults with no insurance (P<0.05). Conclusions. Significant disparities in cholesterol screening exist across age, gender, racial or ethnic, and socioeconomic groups in the United States. As we look to attain the objectives of Healthy People 2010, state and local health officials and policy makers shou aware of these disparities in order to design and tar effective cholesterol screening programs and cardiovascular disease prevention programs to those most in need. (C) 2001 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science. C1 CDCP, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Giles, WH (reprint author), CDCP, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, MS K47,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 21 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP 517 EP 522 DI 10.1006/pmed.2001.0928 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 508RH UT WOS:000173102800001 PM 11716645 ER PT J AU Barr, JK Franks, AL Lee, NC Herther, P Schachter, M AF Barr, JK Franks, AL Lee, NC Herther, P Schachter, M TI Factors associated with continued participation in mammography screening SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE mammography; breast cancer; health maintenance organizations; managed care programs; prevention ID BREAST-CANCER; REPEAT MAMMOGRAPHY; WOMEN; GUIDELINES; ADHERENCE; MEDICARE; OLDER AB Background. Relatively little is known about factors that predict ongoing participation in mammography screening at regular intervals. Members of managed care plans have access to this preventive service; yet, many still do not receive it routinely. Methods. Using administrative data from HIP Health Plan of New York, a group model HMO, 24,215 women ages 50-80 years identified as having a screening mammogram during the baseline period were followed for 2 years to determine demographic and utilization factors that might be related to having a subsequent mammogram within the recommended time interval. Results. Of the 24,215 women with an index mammogram, 71.8% had a subsequent screening mammogram within 2 years. Women ages 65-74 years and those with Medicare coverage had the highest mammogram rates among the age and coverage categories. Number of primary care and gynecology physician visits was strongly related to having a subsequent mammogram. The average (mean) time between index and subsequent mammogram was 14.4 months. Conclusion. The significance of health plan visits in subsequent mammography underscores the importance of physician-patient communication in a managed care plan and the integration of health plan members into the HMO delivery system. Even in this environment with equal access for all types of coverage, Medicaid members were less likely to receive this preventive service. (C) 2001 American Health Foundation and Elsevier Science. C1 Qualidigm, Connecticut Peer Review Org, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barr, JK (reprint author), Qualidigm, Connecticut Peer Review Org, 100 Roscommon Dr, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. NR 27 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP 661 EP 667 DI 10.1006/pmed.2001.0942 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 508RH UT WOS:000173102800020 PM 11716664 ER PT J AU Schwartz, B Orenstein, WA AF Schwartz, B Orenstein, WA TI Vaccination policies and programs - The Federal government's role in making the system work SO PRIMARY CARE LA English DT Article ID SAFETY DATALINK PROJECT; UNITED-STATES; RUBELLA VACCINATION; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CHILDREN; IMMUNIZATION; RISK AB Government agencies play a key role, from preclinical development to postlicensure monitoring, in making vaccinations one of the leading public health interventions. Important steps in this process include development and testing of vaccine antigens, evaluation of clinical and manufacturing data leading to licensure, formulation of recommendations, vaccine purchase, defining strategies to improve coverage, compensation of those injured by vaccine adverse reactions, and monitoring vaccine impact and safety. Using examples of newly recommended vaccines, this article describes the infrastructure that underlies a safe and effective program and highlights some of the opportunities and threats likely to impact the system in coming years. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schwartz, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-61,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0095-4543 J9 PRIMARY CARE JI Primary Care PD DEC PY 2001 VL 28 IS 4 BP 697 EP + DI 10.1016/S0095-4543(05)70037-3 PG 16 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 497CT UT WOS:000172435700003 PM 11739026 ER PT J AU Ye, YM Lee, HW Yang, W Shealy, SJ Wilkins, AL Liu, ZR Yang, JJ AF Ye, YM Lee, HW Yang, W Shealy, SJ Wilkins, AL Liu, ZR Yang, JJ TI Metal binding affinity and structural properties of an isolated EF-loop in a scaffold protein SO PROTEIN ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE calcium binding proteins; EF-hand calcium binding motifs; metal-binding affinity; NMR; protein engineering ID ADHESION MOLECULE CD2; MUSCLE TROPONIN-C; CALCIUM-BINDING; CELL-ADHESION; HAND PROTEINS; ION-BINDING; DIFFUSION MEASUREMENTS; CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; REGULATORY DOMAIN; THERMAL-STABILITY AB To establish an approach to obtain the site specific calcium binding affinity of EF-hand proteins, we have successfully designed a series of model proteins, each containing the EF-hand calcium-binding loop 3 of calmodulin, but with increasing numbers of Gly residues linking the loop to domain 1 of CD2. Structural analyses, using different spectroscopic methods, have shown that the host protein is able to retain its native structure after insertion of the 12-residue calcium-binding loop and retains a native thermal stability and thermal unfolding behavior: In addition, calcium binding to the engineered CD2 variants does not result in a significant change from native CD2 conformation. The CD2 variant with two Gly linkers has been shown to have the strongest metal binding affinity to Ca(II) and La(III). These experimental results are consistent with our molecular modeling studies, which suggest that this protein with the engineered EF-loop has a calmodulin-like calcium binding geometry and backbone conformation. The addition of two Gly linkers increases the flexibility of the inserted EF-loop 3 from calmodulin, which is essential for the proper binding of metal ions. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Ctr Drug Design, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Auburn Univ, Dept Anim & Dairy Sci, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biotechnol Core Facil, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yang, JJ (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Chem, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. RI LEE, HSIAU-WEI/A-1415-2012 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 26999-1] NR 73 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0269-2139 J9 PROTEIN ENG JI Protein Eng. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 14 IS 12 BP 1001 EP 1013 DI 10.1093/protein/14.12.1001 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 521CU UT WOS:000173821900008 PM 11809931 ER PT J AU Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Brenner, FW Gheesling, LL AF Popoff, MY Bockemuhl, J Brenner, FW Gheesling, LL TI Supplement 2000 (no. 44) to the Kauffmann-White scheme SO RESEARCH IN MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Salmonella; serovars; taxonomy; Kauffmann-White scheme ID SALMONELLA AB This supplement reports the characterization of 12 new Salmonella serovars recognized in 2000 by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Salmonella: nine were assigned to S. enterica subsp. enterica, two to subspecies salamae, and one to subspecies diarizonae. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 Inst Pasteur, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, F-75724 Paris 15, France. Inst Hyg, Natl Referenzzentrum Salmonellen & Andere Bakteri, Hamburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Popoff, MY (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reference & Res Salmonella, Unite Genet Bacteries Intracellulaires, F-75724 Paris 15, France. NR 3 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 0923-2508 J9 RES MICROBIOL JI Res. Microbiol. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 152 IS 10 BP 907 EP 909 DI 10.1016/S0923-2508(01)01274-8 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 506RE UT WOS:000172984900008 PM 11766966 ER PT J AU Anaya, JM Correa, PA Mantilla, RD Jimenez, F Kuffner, T McNicholl, JM AF Anaya, JM Correa, PA Mantilla, RD Jimenez, F Kuffner, T McNicholl, JM TI Rheumatoid arthritis in African Colombians from Quibdo SO SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM LA English DT Review DE rheumatoid arthritis; African Colombians; HLA-DRB1; HLA-DQB1; rheumatoid factor; antikeratin antibodies ID SHARED EPITOPE; EXTRAARTICULAR MANIFESTATIONS; RADIOLOGIC PROGRESSION; ANTIPERINUCLEAR FACTOR; RADIOGRAPHIC DAMAGE; AMERICAN PATIENTS; HLA-DRB1 ALLELES; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ASSOCIATION; PREVALENCE AB Objectives: Little data is available on the prevalence and incidence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or the genetic and environmental factors that influence RA risk and severity in non-Caucasian populations. The prevalence of RA in Caucasians and some Native American populations is 1% or more; in contrast, low prevalences of RA have been reported in some African populations. We determined the hospital incidence (HI) and period prevalence (PP) of RA in African Colombians in Quibdo, Colombia, by using data collected at the Hospital San Francisco de Asis, a primary-to-tertiary care center. Genetic and immunologic studies of factors that influence RA risk and severity, such as HLA genes, immunoglobulin-A (IgA) rheumatoid factor (RF), and antikeratin antibodies (AKA) were performed. African Colombians with RA also were compared with Mestizo RA patients from Medellin, Colombia. Methods: To determine the Hl, all the outpatient charts for 1995 were reviewed (n = 3,044). PP during 1996 (Jan-Dec) was assessed by stratified sampling of all African Colombians aged 18 or more having arthralgia. Participants completed a survey and a pretested standard questionnaire, had hands and feet X-rays, and provided a blood sample. Total and IgA RF were measured by turbidimetry and ELISA, respectively; AKA were assessed by indirect immunofluorescence on rat esophagus. HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction technique with primers of specific sequence and by reverse dot blot. Results: The HI was 0.65 cases per 1,000 person years. There were 321 individuals with arthralgia (0.3%; 95% CI, 0.28-0.3), 18 of whom fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology criteria for RA (PP in the general population, 0.01%; 95% CI, 0.008-0.02). Lower erosion scores were seen in African Colombian patients compared to Mestizos (n = 56), although duration of disease was similar in each group. No association between any HLA allele and RA risk or RA severity or between autoantibodies and RA severity was observed in African Colombians. Comparisons showed no significant differences between African Colombians and Mestizo patients in the presence of RF (total and IgA), AKA, age at onset, extra-articular manifestations, formal education level, and history of malaria. Conclusions: These results suggest that RA in African Colombian patients from Quibdo is rare, may be less severe in terms of radiographic damage than in Colombian Mestizo patients, and lacks association to HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 alleles. Additionally, RF (total and IgA) and AKA are not markers of progression and activity of the disease in this population. Copyright (C) 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company. C1 Corp Invest Biol, Unidada Reumatol, Medellin, Colombia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunogenet Sect, Immunol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Anaya, JM (reprint author), Corp Invest Biol, Unidada Reumatol, Cra 72 A 78 B-141, Medellin, Colombia. RI Anaya, Juan-Manuel/J-1960-2016; OI Anaya, Juan-Manuel/0000-0002-6444-1249; Universidad del Rosario, Biblioteca/0000-0003-3491-9392; Correa, Paula/0000-0002-0941-9700 NR 55 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0049-0172 J9 SEMIN ARTHRITIS RHEU JI Semin. Arthritis Rheum. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 31 IS 3 BP 191 EP 198 DI 10.1053/sarh.2001.27737 PG 8 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 502CD UT WOS:000172725400005 PM 11740799 ER PT J AU Friedman, HB Gift, TL Susanti, I Wasserheit, JN AF Friedman, HB Gift, TL Susanti, I Wasserheit, JN TI Risk-based versus alternative algorithms for antibiotic prophylaxis among women seeking early suction abortion - A cost-effectiveness simulation SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS; UNIVERSAL PROPHYLAXIS; BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS; HEALTH GAINS; INFECTION; TERMINATION; PREGNANCY; METRONIDAZOLE; COMPLICATIONS AB Background. Particularly in resource-poor settings, simple, inexpensive, and cost-effective algorithms are needed to direct antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent sequelae of infections with Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and bacterial vaginosis-associated organisms among women undergoing abortion. Goal. To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for infections among women seeking abortion in Bali, Indonesia, and to use these data in designing a cost-effective risk-based prophylaxis algorithm. Study Design: A cross-sectional analysis and data-based simulation of risk-based and alternative prophylaxis algorithms were performed. Results: The risk-based algorithm would have provided prophylaxis to 70% (95% Cl, 53-83%) of women with cervical infection, 64% (95% CI, 54-74%) of those with bacterial vaginosis, and 57% (95% Cl, 42-72%) of those with trichomoniasis. For cervical infection, the algorithm was more cost effective than all others evaluated. The cost-effectiveness was acceptable for bacterial vaginosis. Conclusions: Risk-based algorithms may be cost effective in identifying women likely to benefit from preabortion prophylaxis. Prospective evaluation is needed to validate these findings. C1 Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Indonesian Planned Parenthood Assoc, Bali, Indonesia. RP Friedman, HB (reprint author), Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Bldg A,Room 1039,4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NR 35 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 28 IS 12 BP 714 EP 724 DI 10.1097/00007435-200112000-00009 PG 11 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 500DJ UT WOS:000172610400007 PM 11725227 ER PT J AU Bandea, CI Kubota, K Brown, TM Kilmarx, PH Bhullar, V Yanpaisarn, S Chaisilwattana, P Siriwasin, W Black, CM AF Bandea, CI Kubota, K Brown, TM Kilmarx, PH Bhullar, V Yanpaisarn, S Chaisilwattana, P Siriwasin, W Black, CM TI Typing of Chlamydia trachomatis strains from urine samples by amplification and sequencing the major outer membrane protein gene (omp1) SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE genotype; Chlamydia trachomatis; urine ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; GENITAL-TRACT; INFECTION; SEROVARS; WOMEN; POLYMORPHISM AB Objectives: To develop a novel protocol for the extraction, amplification, and sequencing of Chlamydia trachomatis MOMP gene (omp1) from urine, a non-invasive source, and apply it to an epidemiological study on the distribution of C trachomatis strains in a population of pregnant women in Thailand. Methods: The C trachomatis DNA was extracted from culture stocks and urine using a slightly modified commercially available kit, the High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, IN, USA). The PCR and sequencing primers used for the amplification and sequencing of the omp1 were designed based on the nucleotide sequence of multiple C trachomatis strains found in GenBank. The protocol for the extraction, amplification, and sequencing was tested on laboratory culture stocks of reference strains of all C trachomatis serovars and on urine samples collected in a cross sectional study designed to assess the prevalence of C trachomatis infections in the cities of Bangkok and Chiang Rai, Thailand. Results: The omp1 gene was successfully amplified and sequenced from 18 laboratory C trachomatis reference strains and from 45 C trachomatis positive urine clinical samples collected from asymptomatic pregnant women. Among clinical samples, we found nine different C trachomatis genotypes: F (11, 25%), D (10, 22.6%), H (5, 11.7%), K (5, 11.7%), E (4, 9.3,%), la (3, 7%), B (3, 7%), Ja (2, 4.5%), and G (1, 2.3%). One specimen generated an omp1 DNA sequence pattern indicating the presence of a mixed infection with at least two different serovars. Conclusions: Urine is a convenient and reliable source for genotyping C trachomatis strains. A clear advantage of urine over traditional samples, such as cervical swabs, is that urine is a noninvasive source which makes collection easier and thus facilitates the enrolment of patients in clinical and epidemiological studies. In addition to typing, urine is increasingly used for diagnosis of C trachomatis infection by several commercially available nucleic acid amplification assays which represents a distinct advantage for collecting, transport, storage, and laboratory handling of samples. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Chiang Rai Hosp, Chiang Rai, Thailand. Siriraj Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. Rajavithi Hosp, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Black, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop C-17,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 58 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 77 IS 6 BP 419 EP 422 DI 10.1136/sti.77.6.419 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 496BA UT WOS:000172341000007 PM 11714939 ER PT J AU Painter, TM AF Painter, TM TI Voluntary counseling and testing for couples: a high-leverage intervention for HIV/AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa SO SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE Africa; couples; gender; heterosexual HIV transmission; HIV- prevention; voluntary counseling and testing (VCT); couples' counseling ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; HIV-DISCORDANT COUPLES; DEVELOPING-COUNTRIES; BEHAVIORAL INTERVENTIONS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; CONDOM PROMOTION; AIDS-PREVENTION; RISK-REDUCTION; WOMEN AB Most HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa occur during heterosexual intercourse between persons in couple relationships. Women who are infected by HIV seropositive partners risk infecting their infants in turn. Despite their salience as social contexts for sexual activity and HIV infection, couple relationships have not been given adequate attention by social/behavioral research in sub-Saharan Africa. Increasingly studies point to the value of voluntary HIV counseling and testing (VCT) as a HIV prevention tool. Studies in Africa frequently report that VCT is associated with reduced risk behaviors and lower rates of seroconversion among HIV serodiscordant couples. Many of these studies point out that VCT has considerable potential for HIV prevention among other heterosexual couples, and recommend that VCT for couples be practiced more widely in Africa. However, follow-up in the area of VCT for couples has been extremely limited. Thus, current understandings from social/behavioral research on how couples in sub-Saharan Africa manage HIV risks as well as HIV prevention interventions to support couples' HIV prevention efforts have remained underdeveloped. It appears that important opportunities are being missed for preventing HIV infection, be it by heterosexual transmission or mother-to-child HIV transmission by mothers who have been infected by their partners. Based on an overview of documentation on VCT in sub-Saharan Africa, this paper proposes that increased attention to couples-focused VCT provides a high-leverage HIV prevention intervention for African countries. The second half of the paper indicates areas where VCT needs to be strengthened, particularly with respect to couples. It also identifies areas where applied social/behavioral research is needed to improve knowledge about how couples in sub-Saharan Africa deal with the risks of HIV infection. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Painter, TM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Mailstop E-46,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 115 TC 139 Z9 140 U1 7 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-9536 J9 SOC SCI MED JI Soc. Sci. Med. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 53 IS 11 BP 1397 EP 1411 DI 10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00427-5 PG 15 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 495AW UT WOS:000172318900001 PM 11710416 ER PT J AU Krause, G Terzagian, R Hammond, R AF Krause, G Terzagian, R Hammond, R TI Outbreak of Salmonella serotype Anatum infection associated with unpasteurized orange juice SO SOUTHERN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; PRESSED APPLE CIDER AB In March 1999, a patient was infected with Salmonella serotype Anatum after having consumed unpasteurized orange juice from a manufacturer in Florida. We conducted a cohort study among customers of the manufacturer, performed pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) on isolates, and inspected the manufacturing plant. Surveillance data identified three additional patients infected with Salmonella Anatum showing indistinguishable or closely related PFGE patterns. Three of the four patients had consumed orange juice from the same manufacturer. In the cohort study, 6 of 68 persons (9%) who consumed orange juice and/or orange ice cream from the manufacturer were ill, compared with 1 of 47 (2 %) who did not. A positive antigen test for Salmonella species and coliform growth in juice samples taken from the production line suggested contamination during the manufacturing process. Commercially produced orange juice should be pasteurized or otherwise processed to achieve equivalent reduction of pathogens. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, State Branch, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL USA. Bur Environm Epidemiol, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Krause, G (reprint author), Wilke Str 19, D-13507 Berlin, Germany. OI Krause, Gerard/0000-0003-3328-8808 NR 19 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU SOUTHERN MEDICAL ASSN PI BIRMINGHAM PA 35 LAKESHORE DR PO BOX 190088, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35219 USA SN 0038-4348 J9 SOUTHERN MED J JI South.Med.J. PD DEC PY 2001 VL 94 IS 12 BP 1168 EP 1172 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 511VQ UT WOS:000173286600004 PM 11811854 ER PT J AU Mussolino, ME Gillum, RF Madans, JH AF Mussolino, ME Gillum, RF Madans, JH TI Bone mineral density and stroke risk SO STROKE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Mussolino, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 3 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0039-2499 J9 STROKE JI Stroke PD DEC PY 2001 VL 32 IS 12 BP 2956 EP 2956 PG 1 WC Clinical Neurology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 499YX UT WOS:000172599500049 PM 11740005 ER PT J AU Stephens, T Pederson, LL Koval, JJ Macnab, J AF Stephens, T Pederson, LL Koval, JJ Macnab, J TI Comprehensive tobacco control policies and the smoking behaviour of Canadian adults SO TOBACCO CONTROL LA English DT Article DE bylaws; education; policy; taxes ID CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; TAX INCREASES; EXCISE TAX; CONSUMPTION; LAWS AB Objective-To examine the associations of cigarette prices, restrictions on public smoking, and health education with the odds of adult smoking and amount smoked daily. Design-Multi-level analysis of adult (age 25+) smoking patterns in Canada's National Population Health Survey, after adding administrative data on prices, bylaws, and health education according to the survey respondent's place of residence. Setting/subjects-Population based sample of Canadians age 25+ in households (n = 14 355). Outcome measures-Smoking status, amount consumed daily. Analysis-Logistic regression for smoking status, multiple regression for amount smoked, with controls for age, education, marital status; separate analyses for men and women. Results-Cigarette prices were positively associated with the odds of being a non-smoker and negatively with amount smoked, for adults of both sexes. Per capita health education expenditures were positively associated with the odds of being a non-smoker and negatively with amount smoked-for men but not women. The restrictiveness of municipal bylaws limiting public smoking was positively associated with the odds of being a non-smoker and negatively with amount smoked-for women but not men. These results are independent of age, education, and marital status. Conclusions-To be effective, tobacco control must comprise a mix of strategies as men and women respond differently to health education and restrictions on public smoking; taxation, reflected in higher cigarette prices, is the only cone of these measures related to smoking for both sexes. This model permits, calculations of the level of increase in each measure that is required to reduce the prevalence of smoking by a specified amount. C1 Thomas Stephens & Associates, Ontario Tobacco Res Unit, Manotick, ON K4M 1A7, Canada. CDC, NCCDPDHP, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Western Ontario, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, London, ON, Canada. RP Stephens, T (reprint author), Thomas Stephens & Associates, Ontario Tobacco Res Unit, 1118 John St,Box 837, Manotick, ON K4M 1A7, Canada. NR 36 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 2 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0964-4563 J9 TOB CONTROL JI Tob. Control PD DEC PY 2001 VL 10 IS 4 BP 317 EP 322 DI 10.1136/tc.10.4.317 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 502VR UT WOS:000172763900014 PM 11740021 ER PT J AU Roth, VR Kuehnert, MJ Haley, NR Gregory, KR Schreiber, GB Arduino, MJ Holt, SC Carson, LA Elder, KV Jarvis, WR AF Roth, VR Kuehnert, MJ Haley, NR Gregory, KR Schreiber, GB Arduino, MJ Holt, SC Carson, LA Elder, KV Jarvis, WR TI Evaluation of a reporting system for bacterial contamination of blood components in the United States SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID TRANSFUSION REACTIONS; PLATELET TRANSFUSION; SEPSIS; SURVEILLANCE; PRODUCTS; SAFETY; RISK AB BACKGROUND: The transfusion of blood components contaminated with bacteria may have serious clinical consequences, but few data are available on the incidence of these events. A national effort to assess the frequency of blood component bacterial contamination associated with transfusion reaction (the BaCon Study) was initiated to better estimate their occurrence. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Standard reporting criteria, data collection forms, and a standardized reporting protocol were developed in collaboration with the American Red Cross, AABB, and the Department of Defense. Episodes reported to the BaCon Study were compared with those reported to the FDA's national reporting systems to estimate the extent to which all serious reactions associated with bacterial contamination were captured. RESULTS: During the first 2 years, 38 episodes meeting study criteria were reported; 21 were laboratory-confirmed. The estimated proportion of episodes reported to the BaCon Study (i.e., completeness of coverage) was lower than that reported to the FDA during the same period (0.33 vs. 0.68), but the positive predictive value was higher (0.66 vs. 0.28). CONCLUSION: Despite the complexity of obtaining reports from a large number of United States hospitals and transfusion centers, the feasibility and usefulness of the BaCon Study were shown. This study was the only national study in the United States to monitor adverse clinical events associated with bacterial contamination of blood components. By building on hospital-based reporting of transfusion-related adverse events, the BaCon Study serves as a model for the study of other complications associated with blood and blood components. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Ottawa, Div Infect Dis, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Amer Red Cross, Arlington, VA USA. Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Bethesda, MD USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Army Blood Program Off, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Roth, VR (reprint author), Univ Ottawa, Ottawa Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Gen Campus,501 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 42 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD DEC PY 2001 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1486 EP 1492 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41121486.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 513VU UT WOS:000173401600007 PM 11778061 ER PT J AU Kuehnert, MJ Roth, VR Haley, NR Gregory, KR Elder, KV Schreiber, GB Arduino, MJ Holt, SC Carson, LA Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR AF Kuehnert, MJ Roth, VR Haley, NR Gregory, KR Elder, KV Schreiber, GB Arduino, MJ Holt, SC Carson, LA Banerjee, SN Jarvis, WR TI Transfusion-transmitted bacterial infection in the United States, 1998 through 2000 SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID YERSINIA-ENTEROCOLITICA; BLOOD COMPONENTS; CONTAMINATED PLATELETS; WHOLE-BLOOD; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE; PRODUCTS; GLUCOSE; PREVENT; GROWTH AB BACKGROUND: Bacterial contamination of blood components can result in transfusion-transmitted infection, but the risk is not established. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Suspected cases of transfusion-transmitted bacteremia were reported to the CDC by participating blood collection facilities and transfusion services affiliated with the American Red Cross, AABB, or Department of Defense blood programs from 1998 through 2000. A case was defined as any transfusion reaction meeting clinical criteria in which the same organism species was cultured from a blood component and from recipient blood, with the organism pair confirmed as identical by molecular typing. RESULTS: There were 34 cases and 9 deaths. The rate of transfusion-transmitted bacteremia (in events/million units) was 9.98 for single-donor platelets, 10.64 for pooled platelets, and 0.21 for RBC units; for fatal reactions, the rates were 1.94, 2.22, and 0.13, respectively. Patients at greatest risk for death received components containing gram-negative organisms (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.3-64.2; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Bacterial contamination of blood is an important cause of transfusion-transmitted infection; infection risk from platelet transfusion is higher compared with that from RBCs, and, overall, the risk of infection from bacterial contamination now may exceed that from viral agents. Recipients of components containing gram-negative organisms are at highest risk for transfusion-related death. The results of this study may help direct efforts to improve transfusion-related patient safety. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Red Cross, Blood Serv, Arlington, VA USA. Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Bethesda, MD USA. Army Blood Program Off, San Antonio, TX USA. WESTAT Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Kuehnert, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop A35, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50-CCU314273-01-1, U50-CCU314274-01-2] NR 42 TC 226 Z9 233 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD DEC PY 2001 VL 41 IS 12 BP 1493 EP 1499 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41121493.x PG 7 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 513VU UT WOS:000173401600008 PM 11778062 ER PT J AU Green, MD Mount, DL Wirtz, RA AF Green, MD Mount, DL Wirtz, RA TI Short communication: Authentication of artemether, artesunate and dihydroartemisinin antimalarial tablets using a simple colorimetric method SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE artemether; dihydroartemisinin; artesunate; artesunic acid; colorimetric; malaria; Fast red TR; diazonium salt; counterfeit ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; PLASMA AB The recent and widespread appearance of counterfeit antimalarial tablets in South-east Asia prompted the search for simple field assays to identify genuine drugs. In a recently described colorimetric assay for artesunate, Fast red TR salt reacted with an alkali-decomposition product of artesunate to produce a distinct yellow colour. However, that assay is specific for artesunate and it cannot be used to test for artemether. Because of potential concerns over artemether tablet counterfeiting, the colorimetric assay was modified to detect artemether, dihydroartemisinin and artesunate tablets. Other common antimalarials (artemisinin, chloroquine diphosphate, mefloquine HCl, sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine), as well as aspirin and acetaminophen, were negative in the assay, indicating its specificity for artemether, dihydroartemisinin and artesunate. The colorimetric method can be used to obtain a rapid visual assessment of tablet authenticity. The method can also be used to quantify the drug content of tablets, when used in conjunction with a spectrophotometer. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Green, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop F-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD DEC PY 2001 VL 6 IS 12 BP 980 EP 982 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00793.x PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 503MP UT WOS:000172802500003 PM 11737833 ER PT J AU Ma, Q Baldwin, KT Renzelli, AJ McDaniel, A Dong, LQ AF Ma, Q Baldwin, KT Renzelli, AJ McDaniel, A Dong, LQ TI TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: A novel response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin SO BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE TiPARP; PARP; TCDD; Ah receptor; RM1; TIL ID ARYL-HYDROCARBON RECEPTOR; LONG-TERM POTENTIATION; AH-RECEPTOR; CYTOCHROME P4501A1; DEFICIENT MICE; HEPATOMA-CELLS; PROTEIN; INDUCTION; DIOXIN; TRANSCRIPTION AB 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) causes pleotropic effects in mammalian species through modulating gene expression. Here we analyzed TCDD-induced mRNA expression by using mRNA differential display and report the cloning of a novel TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (TiPARP). TiPARP cDNA contains an open reading frame of 657 amino acid residues; the carboxyl half shares sequence similarity to the catalytic domain of PARP, a family of enzymes that catalyze poly ADP-ribosylation of proteins. Expression of the cDNA by in vitro transcription/translation reveals a protein of similar to 75 kDa. The expressed TiPARP exhibits PARP activity toward histone. TiPARP is highly homologous to RM1 which is induced during long-term potentiation, a memory formation process, and to TIL which is induced in T cells infiltrating progressing tumors. TiPARP mRNA is expressed in a broad range of mouse tissues. Together, these data demonstrate that TiPARP is a novel target of TCDD that may contribute to multiple responses to TCDD by modulating protein function through Poly ADP-ribosylation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Integra LifeSci Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Ma, Q (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Receptor Biol Lab, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch,Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 41 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0006-291X J9 BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO JI Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. PD NOV 30 PY 2001 VL 289 IS 2 BP 499 EP 506 DI 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5987 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 500CG UT WOS:000172607900029 PM 11716501 ER PT J AU Shchelkunov, SN Totmenin, AV Babkin, IV Safronov, PF Ryazankina, OI Petrov, NA Gutorova, VV Uvarova, EA Mikheev, MV Sisler, JR Esposito, JJ Jahrling, PB Moss, B Sandakhchiev, LS AF Shchelkunov, SN Totmenin, AV Babkin, IV Safronov, PF Ryazankina, OI Petrov, NA Gutorova, VV Uvarova, EA Mikheev, MV Sisler, JR Esposito, JJ Jahrling, PB Moss, B Sandakhchiev, LS TI Human monkeypox and smallpox viruses: genomic comparison SO FEBS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE monkeypox virus; smallpox virus; genome; virulence factor; ankyrin-like protein ID DOUBLE-STRANDED-RNA; COMPLEMENT CONTROL PROTEINS; VACCINIA VIRUS; VARIOLA VIRUSES; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; ORTHOPOXVIRUS DNA; BINDING; INHIBITION; INTERFERON; MECHANISM AB Monkeypox virus (MPV) causes a human disease which resembles smallpox but with a lower person-to-person transmission rate. To determine the genetic relationship between the orthopoxviruses causing these two diseases, we sequenced the 197-kb genome of MPV isolated from a patient during a large human monkeypox outbreak in Zaire in 1996. The nucleotide sequence within the central region of the MPV genome, which encodes essential enzymes and structural proteins, was 96.3% identical with that of variola (smallpox) virus (VAR). In contrast, there were considerable differences between MPV and VAR in the regions encoding virulence and host-range factors near the ends of the genome. Our data indicate that MPV is not the direct ancestor of VAR and is unlikely to naturally acquire all properties of VAR. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. C1 State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector, Koltsov 630559, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. NIAID, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Shchelkunov, SN (reprint author), State Res Ctr Virol & Biotechnol Vector, Koltsov 630559, Novosibirsk Reg, Russia. RI Sandakhchiev, Lev/B-7035-2012; Babkin, Igor/R-1598-2016 NR 41 TC 78 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0014-5793 J9 FEBS LETT JI FEBS Lett. PD NOV 30 PY 2001 VL 509 IS 1 BP 66 EP 70 DI 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03144-1 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Cell Biology GA 499XN UT WOS:000172596100013 PM 11734207 ER PT J AU Feldman, KA Enscore, RE Lathrop, SL Matyas, BT McGuill, M Schriefer, ME Stiles-Enos, D Dennis, DT Petersen, LR Hayes, EB AF Feldman, KA Enscore, RE Lathrop, SL Matyas, BT McGuill, M Schriefer, ME Stiles-Enos, D Dennis, DT Petersen, LR Hayes, EB TI An outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia on martha's vineyard SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article AB Background: In the summer of 2000, an outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia occurred on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. The only previously reported outbreak of pneumonic tularemia in the United States also occurred on the island in 1978. Methods: We conducted a case-control study of adults with pneumonic tularemia and investigated the environment to identify risk factors for primary pneumonic tularemia. Patients with confirmed cases were residents of or visitors to Martha's Vineyard who had symptoms suggestive of primary pneumonic tularemia, were ill between May 15 and October 31, 2000, and had a positive laboratory test for tularemia. Controls were adults who had spent at least 15 days on Martha's Vineyard between May 15 and September 28, 2000. Results: We identified 15 patients with tularemia; 11 of these cases were primary pneumonic tularemia. Francisella tularensis type A was isolated from blood and lung tissue of the one man who died. Patients were more likely than controls to have used a lawn mower or brush cutter in the two weeks before the illness (odds ratio, 9.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.6 to 68.0) and during the summer (odds ratio, undefined; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.8 to (infinity)). Lawn mowing and brush cutting remained significant risk factors after adjustment for other potentially confounding variables. Only one patient reported being exposed to a rabbit while cutting brush. Of 40 trapped animals, 1 striped skunk and 1 Norway rat were seropositive for antibodies against F. tularensis. Conclusions: Study of this outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia implicates lawn mowing and brush cutting as risk factors for this infection. (N Engl J Med 2001;345:1601-6.) Copyright (C) 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Marthas Vineyard Hosp, Oak Bluffs, MA USA. RP Feldman, KA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, POB 2087,Rampart Rd, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 29 TC 156 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 13 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 29 PY 2001 VL 345 IS 22 BP 1601 EP 1606 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa011374 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 496EU UT WOS:000172383900003 PM 11757506 ER PT J AU Malecki, J Wiersma, S Labinson, R Kamal, L Bresnitz, E Diferdinando, G Lurie, P Nalluswami, K Hathcock, L Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Richardson, M Brechner, R Stroube, R AF Malecki, J Wiersma, S Labinson, R Kamal, L Bresnitz, E Diferdinando, G Lurie, P Nalluswami, K Hathcock, L Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Richardson, M Brechner, R Stroube, R CA CDC TI Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and adverse events from antimicrobial prophylaxis (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 973-76, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33401 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. St Clares Hosp & Hlth Ctr, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Delaware Div Publ Hlth, Dover, DE USA. Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA 23218 USA. US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Malecki, J (reprint author), Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, W Palm Beach, FL 33401 USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 28 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 20 BP 2536 EP 2537 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 496FH UT WOS:000172385200010 ER PT J AU Mayer, TA Bersoff-Matcha, S Murphy, C Earls, J Harper, S Pauze, D Nguyen, M Rosenthal, J Cerva, D Druckenbrod, G Hanfling, D Fatteh, N Napoli, A Nayyar, A Berman, EL AF Mayer, TA Bersoff-Matcha, S Murphy, C Earls, J Harper, S Pauze, D Nguyen, M Rosenthal, J Cerva, D Druckenbrod, G Hanfling, D Fatteh, N Napoli, A Nayyar, A Berman, EL TI Clinical presentation of inhalational anthrax following bioterrorism exposure - Report of 2 surviving patients SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; MANAGEMENT; PATHOLOGY; OUTBREAK AB The use of anthrax as a weapon of biological terrorism has moved from theory to reality in recent weeks. Following processing of a letter containing anthrax spores that had been mailed to a US senator, 5 cases of inhalational anthrax have occurred among postal workers employed at a major postal facility in Washington, DC. This report details the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and initial therapy of 2 of these patients. The clinical course is in some ways different from what has been described as the classic pattern for inhalational anthrax. One patient developed low-grade fever, chills, cough, and malaise 3 days prior to admission, and then progressive dyspnea and cough productive of blood-tinged sputum on the day of admission. The other patient developed progressively worsening headache of 3 days' duration, along with nausea, chills, and night sweats, but no respiratory symptoms, on the day of admission. Both patients had abnormal findings on chest radiographs. Non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest showing mediastinal adenopathy led to a presumptive diagnosis of inhalational anthrax in both cases. The diagnoses were confirmed by blood cultures and polymerase chain reaction testing. Treatment with antibiotics, including intravenous ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and clindamycin, and supportive therapy appears to have slowed the progression of inhalational anthrax and has resulted to date in survival. C1 Inova Fairfax Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. Inova Fairfax Hosp, Dept Radiol, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. Kaiser Permanente, Mid Atlantic Permanente Med Grp, Dept Infect Dis, Rockville, MD USA. Kaiser Permanente, Mid Atlantic Permanente Med Grp, Dept Internal Med, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mayer, TA (reprint author), Inova Fairfax Hosp, Dept Emergency Med, 3300 Gallows Rd, Falls Church, VA 22042 USA. NR 20 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 28 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 20 BP 2549 EP 2553 DI 10.1001/jama.286.20.2549 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 496FH UT WOS:000172385200028 PM 11722268 ER PT J AU Davidson, KW Pickering, TG Jonas, BS AF Davidson, KW Pickering, TG Jonas, BS TI Cautionary note on the use of pulse pressure as a risk factor for coronary heart SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Letter C1 Mt Sinai Sch Med, Zena & Michael A Wiener Cardiovasc Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Off Anal Epidemiol & Hlth Promot, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Davidson, KW (reprint author), Mt Sinai Sch Med, Zena & Michael A Wiener Cardiovasc Inst, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD NOV 27 PY 2001 VL 104 IS 22 BP E128 EP E128 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 497BH UT WOS:000172432500013 PM 11723040 ER PT J AU Greenberg, AE AF Greenberg, AE TI Possible protective effect of HIV-2 against incident HIV-1 infection: review of available epidemiological and in vitro data SO AIDS LA English DT Editorial Material DE HIV-1; HIV-2; protection ID NATURAL PROTECTION; INHIBITION; TYPE-1 C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch MS E45, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Greenberg, AE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch MS E45, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 15 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 23 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 17 BP 2319 EP 2321 DI 10.1097/00002030-200111230-00015 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 555GW UT WOS:000175787200015 PM 11698707 ER PT J AU Margolis, AD Wolitski, RJ Parsons, JT Gomez, CA AF Margolis, AD Wolitski, RJ Parsons, JT Gomez, CA TI Are healthcare providers talking to HIV-seropositive patients about safer sex? SO AIDS LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; EPIDEMIOLOGIC SYNERGY; POSITIVE MEN; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; BEHAVIOR; RISK; GAY AB HIV-seropositive men (n=250) from San Francisco and New York city completed a self-administered survey assessing healthcare providers' delivery of safer-sex messages. One out of four men had never received safer-sex counselling from their healthcare provider. Men at highest risk for transmitting HIV were no more likely to have been counselled than men at lower risk. Physicians should regularly provide tailored safer-sex messages to all HIV-seropositive patients who have entrusted them with their care. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Psychol, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94117 USA. RP Margolis, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008; OI Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 23 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 17 BP 2335 EP 2337 DI 10.1097/00002030-200111230-00022 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 555GW UT WOS:000175787200022 PM 11698714 ER PT J AU Ahmed, F Singleton, JA Franks, AL AF Ahmed, F Singleton, JA Franks, AL TI Influenza vaccination for healthy young adults SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; GUILLAIN-BARRE-SYNDROME; LONG-TERM-CARE; WORKING ADULTS; VIRUS VACCINE; IMMUNIZATION; IMPACT; TRANSMISSION; POPULATION; MORTALITY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Ahmed, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, MS-K73,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 38 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 22 PY 2001 VL 345 IS 21 BP 1543 EP 1547 DI 10.1056/NEJMcp011924 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 494DC UT WOS:000172265200006 PM 11794222 ER PT J AU Malecki, J Wiersma, S Cahill, T Grossman, M Hochman, H Tapper, M Pomeranz, M Friedman-Kien, A Gurtman, A Bresnitz, E DiFerdinando, G Lurie, P Nalluswami, K Frank, D Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Chiriboga, C Brechner, R Peterson, E Bresoff-Matcha, S Galbraith, M Eisold, J Martin, G AF Malecki, J Wiersma, S Cahill, T Grossman, M Hochman, H Tapper, M Pomeranz, M Friedman-Kien, A Gurtman, A Bresnitz, E DiFerdinando, G Lurie, P Nalluswami, K Frank, D Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Chiriboga, C Brechner, R Peterson, E Bresoff-Matcha, S Galbraith, M Eisold, J Martin, G CA CDC TI Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for clinical evaluation of persons with possible anthrax (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 941-948, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, Palm Beach, FL 33480 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Lenox Hill Hosp, New York, NY 10021 USA. Bellevue Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Trenton, NJ USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. So MD Hosp, Clinton, NY USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. Midatlantic Permanente Med Grp, Falls Church, VA USA. Inova Fairfax Hosp, Falls Church, VA USA. Off Attending Phys, Washington, DC USA. US Dept Def, Washington, DC 20305 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Malecki, J (reprint author), Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, Palm Beach, FL 33480 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 21 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 19 BP 2392 EP 2396 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 494DH UT WOS:000172266100004 ER PT J AU Breen, N Wagener, DK Brown, ML Davis, WW Ballard-Barbash, R AF Breen, N Wagener, DK Brown, ML Davis, WW Ballard-Barbash, R TI Progress in cancer screening over a decade: Results of cancer screening from the 1987, 1992, and 1998 National Health Interview Surveys SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OLDER WOMEN; MAMMOGRAPHY; BREAST; CARE; PREDICTORS; GUIDELINES; AUDIT AB Background: Screening to detect cancer early, an increasingly important cancer control activity, cannot be effective unless it is widely used. Methods: Use of Pap smears, mammography, fecal occult blood tests (FOBTs), sigmoidoscopy, and digital rectal examination (DRE) was evaluated in the 1987, 1992, and 1998 National Health Interview Surveys. Levels and trends in screening use were examined by sex, age; and racial/ethnic group. The effects of income, educational level, and health care coverage were examined within age groups. Logistic regression analyses of 1998 data were used to develop a parsimonious, policy-relevant model. Results: Use of all screening modalities increased over the period examined; for mammography and DRE, the increase was more rapid in the first half of the decade; for the Pap test and sigmoidoscopy, the increase was more rapid in the second half of the decade. Levels of colorectal cancer screening (both sigmoidoscopy and FOBTs) in 1998 were less than the level that prevailed a decade earlier for mammography. Patterns of change for all screening modalities differed between age, sex, and racial/ethnic groups, but prevalence of use during the study, within recommended time intervals, was consistently lower among groups with lower income and less education. Logistic regression analyses indicated that insurance coverage and, to a greater extent, usual source of care had strong independent associations with screening usage when age, sex, racial/ethnic group, and educational level were taken into account. Conclusions: While cancer screening is generally increasing in the United States, usage is relatively low for colorectal cancer screening and among groups that lack health insurance or a usual source of care. C1 NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Appl Res Program, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Surveillance Res Program, Stat Res Applicat Branch, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci,NIH, Hyattsville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Promot Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Breen, N (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Appl Res Program, NIH, EPN-4005,6130 Execut Plaza, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 32 TC 389 Z9 393 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 21 PY 2001 VL 93 IS 22 BP 1704 EP 1713 DI 10.1093/jnci/93.22.1704 PG 10 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 494MX UT WOS:000172287400010 PM 11717331 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG Nidtha, S Blumoff, K Weinstock, H Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, JG Nidtha, S Blumoff, K Weinstock, H Heneine, W TI Increased ability for selection of zidovudine resistance in a distinct class of wild-type HIV-1 from drug-naive persons SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE drug resistance; reverse transcriptase inhibitors ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE GENE; IN-VIVO; TRANSMISSION; INFECTION; MUTATIONS; VARIANTS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INHIBITORS; STAVUDINE AB Transmission of HIV-1 with reduced susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs raises public health concerns. Through surveillance of drug-resistant HIV-1 in 603 treatment-naive, recently diagnosed HIV-1-infected persons,we identified a distinct group of viruses that have mutations at codon 215 of the reverse transcriptase (RT) gene that are different from either the wild-type (WT) T or the zidovudine (AZT)-selected T215Y/F. These mutations included 215D/C/S and were found in 20 patients (3.3%). The 215D, 215C, and 215S mutations differ from 215Y by a 1-nt change compared with 2 nt for the WT T215 and likely represent revertants of 215Y. These viruses all were found to have WT susceptibility to AZT, and all replicated efficiently as WT HIV-1(T215). However, differences in fitness among HIV-1(215D), HIV-1(215C), and HIV-1(215S) were seen when RT backgrounds were changed, demonstrating a role of the RT background in the selection of these revertants. In vitro selection with AZT showed that HIV-1(215D) and HIV-1(215C) acquired 215Y more rapidly than did WT HIV-1(T215), likely reflecting the need for only 1-nt change to evolve to 215Y. Our study demonstrates that HIV-1 with unusual mutations at codon 215 replicate efficiently, have WT susceptibility, and are commonly found in treatment-naive persons. The increased ability for selecting resistance mutations defines this class of WT HIV-1 and highlights the higher potential of these viruses to compromise the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Garcia-Lerma, JG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 100 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD NOV 20 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 24 BP 13907 EP 13912 DI 10.1073/pnas.241300698 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 495EW UT WOS:000172328100079 PM 11698656 ER PT J AU Hooper, WC De Staercke, C AF Hooper, WC De Staercke, C TI The relationship between FV Leiden and pulmonary embolism SO RESPIRATORY RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material DE FV Leiden; genetics; pulmonary embolism; venous thrombosis ID FACTOR-V-LEIDEN; DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS; ACTIVATED PROTEIN-C; VENOUS THROMBOSIS; THROMBOEMBOLIC DISEASE; PROTHROMBIN GENE; RISK FACTOR; MUTATION; RESISTANCE; PREVALENCE AB Pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the leading causes of in-patient hospital deaths. As a consequence, the identification of hemostatic variables that could identify those at risk would be important in reducing mortality. It has previously been thought that deep vein thrombosis and PE are a single disease entity and would, therefore, have the same risk factors. This view is changing, however, with the realization that the prevalence of FV Leiden, a recognized genetic risk factor for deep vein thrombosis, may be a 'milder' genetic risk factor for PE. These observations suggest that PE is not only associated with a different set of risk factors, but may be reflective of a different clot structure. C1 CDCP, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), CDCP, Hematol Dis Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS DO2,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1465-993X J9 RESPIR RES JI Respir. Res. PD NOV 19 PY 2001 VL 3 IS 1 AR 8 PG 3 WC Respiratory System SC Respiratory System GA 572CZ UT WOS:000176757000001 ER PT J AU Hooper, CW Lally, C Austin, H Bonduris, M Benson, J Wenger, NK Evatt, BL AF Hooper, CW Lally, C Austin, H Bonduris, M Benson, J Wenger, NK Evatt, BL TI The relationship between the p22 phox C242T and PPAR-gamma C161T gene polymorphisms and myocardial infarction in African-Americans. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Mem Hosp, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 3827 BP 54B EP 54B PN 2 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WZ UT WOS:000172134200240 ER PT J AU Hooper, CW Lally, C Austin, H Jenkins, M Evatt, BL Chimowitz, M AF Hooper, CW Lally, C Austin, H Jenkins, M Evatt, BL Chimowitz, M TI The relationship of the GPIa C807T polymorphism with cyptogenic stroke in young stroke patients. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 1064 BP 253A EP 254A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WY UT WOS:000172134101068 ER PT J AU Dilley, A Hooper, WC El-Jamil, M Evatt, B AF Dilley, A Hooper, WC El-Jamil, M Evatt, B TI Prothrombin G20210A and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) mutations are risk factors for pulmonary embolism: Initial findings from the thrombosis and genes (TAG) cohort study. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 1110 BP 264A EP 264A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WY UT WOS:000172134101114 ER PT J AU Dowling, NF Hooper, WC Austin, H Beckman, MG Dilley, A Phillips, D Whitsett, CF Evatt, BL AF Dowling, NF Hooper, WC Austin, H Beckman, MG Dilley, A Phillips, D Whitsett, CF Evatt, BL TI The effect of gene polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system on risk of venous thromboembolism: The GATE study. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 1109 BP 264A EP 264A PN 1 PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WY UT WOS:000172134101113 ER PT J AU Hooper, C Dowling, NF De Staercke, C Miller, CH Austin, H Dilley, A Whitsett, C Beckman, MG Evatt, BL AF Hooper, C Dowling, NF De Staercke, C Miller, CH Austin, H Dilley, A Whitsett, C Beckman, MG Evatt, BL TI The relationship between TAFI and venous thromboembolism in African-Americans and Caucasians. SO BLOOD LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEMATOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1900 M STREET. NW SUITE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-4971 J9 BLOOD JI Blood PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 98 IS 11 MA 1112 BP 264A EP 265A PN 1 PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 491WY UT WOS:000172134101116 ER PT J AU Bowyer, JF Holson, RR Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP AF Bowyer, JF Holson, RR Miller, DB O'Callaghan, JP TI Phenobarbital and dizocilpine can block methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in mice by mechanisms that are independent of thermoregulation SO BRAIN RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE methamphetamine; hypothermia; striatum; dopamine; neurotoxicity ID TYROSINE-HYDROXYLASE ACTIVITY; SUBSTITUTED AMPHETAMINES; DOPAMINE RELEASE; C57BL/6J MOUSE; PROTEIN; HYPERTHERMIA; ENVIRONMENT; TEMPERATURE; GLUTAMATE; STRIATUM AB Body temperature profiles observed during methamphetamine (METH) exposure are known to affect dopamine and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) levels in the striatum of mice; hyperthermia potentiates depletion while hypothermia is protective against depletions. In the current study, the doses of METH were sufficiently great that significant dopamine and TH depletions occurred even though hypothermia occurred. Four doses, administered at 2 h intervals, of 15 mg/kg (4x15 mg/kg) D-METH significantly decreased TH and dopamine levels to 50% of control in mice becoming hypothermic during dosing in a 13 degreesC environment. Phenobarbital or dizocilpine during METH exposure blocked the depletions while diazepam did not. Phenobarbital and dizocilpine did not block depletions by altering the hypothermic profiles from that observed during METH only exposure. Here we show that phenobarbital and dizocilpine can block measures of METH neurotoxicity by non-thermoregulatory mechanisms. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science BY All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Psychol, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Bowyer, JF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Toxicol Res, Div Neurotoxicol, HFT-132, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA. RI Miller, Diane/O-2927-2013; O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8993 J9 BRAIN RES JI Brain Res. PD NOV 16 PY 2001 VL 919 IS 1 BP 179 EP 183 DI 10.1016/S0006-8993(01)03051-7 PG 5 WC Neurosciences SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 494TQ UT WOS:000172302300022 PM 11689178 ER PT J AU Adams, M AF Adams, M TI Validity of birth certificate data for the outcome of the previous pregnancy, Georgia, 1980-1995 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth certificates; sensitivity and specificity ID LINKING VITAL RECORDS; REPRODUCTIVE HISTORIES; GESTATIONAL-AGE; ACCURACY; STATE AB The author evaluated the validity of four historically based variables collected on Georgia birth certificates: outcome of preceding pregnancy, history of delivery of a low- (<2,500 g) or high- (>4,000 g) birth-weight infant, and death of the baby resulting from the preceding pregnancy. Data were derived from birth and fetal death certificates that were linked for the first and second deliveries of 231,075 women in Georgia from 1980 through 1995. Deaths that occurred during the infant's first year of life were also linked to the birth certificate. For all but the survival variable, the outcome of the first birth as reported on the certificate for the second birth was compared with the outcome recorded on the certificate for the first birth, which was assumed to be correct. Except for ascertainment of death of the firstborn infant, sensitivities for the history of poor outcomes were low. Furthermore, sensitivities were higher when an extremely adverse outcome occurred in the first pregnancy or an adverse outcome recurred. The only high sensitivity was for past infant death (85.4%). These results suggest caution when using these variables to identify high-risk subsets for further research or control for confounding. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Perinatal Care, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Hlth Serv Res Maternal Child Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Adams, M (reprint author), 1696 Council Bluff Dr NE, Atlanta, GA 30345 USA. NR 17 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 10 BP 883 EP 888 DI 10.1093/aje/154.10.883 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 492CJ UT WOS:000172149500001 PM 11700240 ER PT J AU Sonnenfeld, N Hertz-Picciotto, I Kaye, WE AF Sonnenfeld, N Hertz-Picciotto, I Kaye, WE TI Tetrachloroethylene in drinking water and birth outcomes at the US marine corps base at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth weight; gestational age; hazardous waste; maternal age; organic chemicals; tetrachloroethylene; water pollution; chemical ID INTRAUTERINE GROWTH-RETARDATION; GESTATIONAL-AGE; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES; WOMENS HEALTH; MATERNAL AGE; FETAL GROWTH; PREGNANCY; WEIGHT; SMOKING AB A study of mean birth weight, small-for-gestational-age infants, and preterm birth was conducted at the US Marine Corps Base at Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, where drinking water was contaminated with volatile organic compounds. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was the predominant contaminant. The authors used multiple linear and logistic regression to analyze 1968-1985 data from 11,798 birth certificates. Overall, at most weak associations were observed between PCE exposure and study outcomes. However, associations were found between PCE exposure and birth-weight outcomes for infants of older mothers and mothers with histories of fetal loss. Adjusted mean birth-weight differences between PCE-exposed and unexposed infants were -130 g (90% confidence interval (Cl): -236, -23) for mothers aged 35 years or older and -104 g (90% Cl: -174, -34) for mothers with two or more previous fetal losses. Adjusted odds ratios for PCE exposure and small-for-gestational-age infants were 2.1 (90% Cl: 0.9, 4.9) for older mothers and 2.5 (90% Cl: 1.5, 4.3) for mothers with two or more prior fetal losses. These results suggest that some fetuses may be more vulnerable than others to chemical insult. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Hlth Studies, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Sonnenfeld, N (reprint author), Univ New England, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. NR 41 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 10 BP 902 EP 908 DI 10.1093/aje/154.10.902 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 492CJ UT WOS:000172149500005 PM 11700244 ER PT J AU Pawlosky, RJ Flanagan, VP Pfeiffer, CM AF Pawlosky, RJ Flanagan, VP Pfeiffer, CM TI Determination of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid in human serum by stable-isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid; folate; electrospray mass spectrometry; human serum; isotope dilution ID BLOOD FOLATE; WHOLE-BLOOD AB The need for specific and sensitive methods for the determination of distinct serum folates is of high priority in clinical research settings. A stable-isotope liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) assay was developed for the quantitative determination of the monoglutamyl form of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (5-MTHFA) in human serum. Serum samples (0.5 ml) were amended with the internal standard, [5-C-13(5)]MTHFA that had been labeled on the glutamic acid portion of the molecule and allowed to equilibrate. The analyte was trapped onto a solid-phase cartridge and then eluted with the HPLC mobile phase. Forty microliters was taken for LC/ESI-MS analysis using electrospray ionization operated in the positive ion mode. Using the standard method of addition of 5-MTHFA to serum, a linear dilution curve (y = 12.777x - 1.404; range 0.94-97 ng ml(-1)) was constructed. The precision of the method was 5.3% (CV) based on the analysis of four sample replicates. The mass spectrum produced upon collision induced dissociation of the analyte in serum was used to confirm the identity of the 5-MTHFA. The method was applied to the analysis of a set of serum samples that contained standardized concentrations of 5-MTHFA. The determinations of 5-MTHFA in these samples using the LC/ESI-MS procedure were found to be in good agreement with other folate methods. A highly accurate and specific method for the analysis of 5-MTHFA in serum has been developed utilizing stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hlth Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pawlosky, RJ (reprint author), Food Composit Lab Bldg 161,Room 104,10300 Baltimo, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 11 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 298 IS 2 BP 299 EP 305 DI 10.1006/abio.2001.5394 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 497JK UT WOS:000172451600019 PM 11700986 ER PT J AU Wu, XC Chen, VW Steele, B Ruiz, B Fulton, J Liu, LH Carozza, SE Greenlee, R AF Wu, XC Chen, VW Steele, B Ruiz, B Fulton, J Liu, LH Carozza, SE Greenlee, R TI Subsite-specific incidence rate and stage of disease in colorectal cancer by race, gender, and age group in the United States, 1992-1997 SO CANCER LA English DT Article DE colorectal; anatomic subsite; stage of disease; race; gender; age ID NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY; PROXIMAL COLON-CANCER; 3RD NATIONAL-HEALTH; PREVENTIVE SERVICES; ASYMPTOMATIC ADULTS; GENETIC ALTERATIONS; RACIAL-DIFFERENCES; PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; TIME TRENDS; US ADULTS AB BACKGROUND. Subsite specific incidence rates of colorectal cancer vary considerably by age, gender, and race. This variation may be related not only to distinctions in exposure to genetic and environment factors but also to current strategies of early detection screening. Patterns of stage of disease in anatomic subsite may reflect the effect of screening. This study used the largest aggregation of cancer incidence data in the U.S. to examine subsite specific incidence rates of colorectal cancer and the relation of stage of disease to anatomic subsites by race, gender, and age group. METHODS. Data on the incidence of invasive colorectal cancer were obtained from 28 population-based central cancer registries. Age-specific and age-adjusted rates and stage distributions were analyzed by subsite, race, and gender. RESULTS. The impact of screening can be observed in the percentage of localized disease, which increased from 31.9% among cancers in the proximal colon to 37.0% in the descending colon to 41.5% in the distal colorectum. Within the same subsite, blacks were less likely than whites to receive a diagnosis of localized disease and more likely to receive a diagnosis of distant disease whereas stage distributions were approximately the same for males and females. Blacks were more likely than whites to receive a diagnosis of proximal colon cancer than distal colorectal cancer. The male-to-female rate ratios progressively increased from the proximal colon to the distal colorectum. The ratios of proximal-to-distal colorectal cancer gradually increased with advancing age. CONCLUSIONS. Differentials in stage of disease by subsites indicate a need for a targeted effort at early detection of cancer in the proximal colon. Risk factors and higher risk populations for colorectal cancers in each subsite need to be studied further to guide actions for improving the efficacy of screening. (C) 2001 American Cancer Society. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Prevent Med, Canc Surveillance Program, Keck Sch Med, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Texas A&M Univ Syst, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Rural Publ Hlth, Bryan, TX USA. Amer Canc Soc, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Wu, XC (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Publ Hlth & Prevent Med, New Orleans, LA 70112 USA. EM xwu@lsuhsc.edu NR 69 TC 78 Z9 86 U1 3 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0008-543X EI 1097-0142 J9 CANCER-AM CANCER SOC JI Cancer PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 92 IS 10 BP 2547 EP 2554 DI 10.1002/1097-0142(20011115)92:10<2547::AID-CNCR1606>3.0.CO;2-K PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 488ZG UT WOS:000171966700008 ER PT J AU Marfin, AA Gubler, DJ AF Marfin, AA Gubler, DJ TI West Nile encephalitis: An emerging disease in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS-INFECTION; NEW-YORK; SOUTHEASTERN ROMANIA; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; OUTBREAK; PATHOLOGY; SEQUENCES; CLONES; FEVER; BIRDS AB In 1999, an epidemic of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalitis occurred in New York City (NYC) and 2 surrounding New York counties. Simultaneously, an epizootic among American crows and other bird species occurred in 4 states. Indigenous transmission of WNV had never been documented in the western hemisphere until this epidemic. In 2000, the epizootic expanded to 12 states and the District of Columbia, and the epidemic continued in NYC, 5 New Jersey counties, and 1 Connecticut county. In addition to these outbreaks, several large epidemics of WNV have occurred in other regions of the world where this disease was absent or rare 1 5 years ago. Many of the WNV strains isolated during recent outbreaks demonstrate an extremely high degree of homology that strongly suggests widespread circulation of potentially epidemic strains of WNV. The high rates of severe neurologic illness and death among humans, horses, and birds in these outbreaks are unprecedented and unexplained. We review the current status of WNV in the United States. C1 CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Marfin, AA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087,Foothills Res Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 44 TC 93 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 10 BP 1713 EP 1719 DI 10.1086/322700 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 483TF UT WOS:000171651400016 PM 11595987 ER PT J AU Fields, BS Haupt, T Davis, JP Arduino, MJ Miller, PH Butler, JC AF Fields, BS Haupt, T Davis, JP Arduino, MJ Miller, PH Butler, JC TI Pontiac fever due to Legionella micdadei from a whirlpool spa: Possible role of bacterial endotoxin SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOPHILA; OUTBREAK; CULTURE AB During January 1998, a cluster of illnesses occurred among hotel guests in Wisconsin. Ill persons had been exposed to the hotel's whirlpool spa and swimming pool. Symptoms included headache, fever, chills, myalgia, shortness of breath, and fatigue. A diagnosis of Pontiac fever was made, based on serologic evidence of acute infection with Legionella micdadei. High concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria were recovered from the spa, despite apparently high disinfectant levels. L. micdadei was isolated from the swimming pool filter and water from the spa after heat enrichment but not from pools and spas at nearby hotels. Water from hotel pools and spas was tested to determine endotoxin levels; water from the spa of the implicated hotel contained the highest concentration of endotoxin (14,400 endotoxin units/mL). Additional studies are needed to determine the role of endotoxin from legionellae or other bacteria in the pathogenesis of Pontiac fever. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI 53707 USA. RP Butler, JC (reprint author), CDC, Arctic Invest Program, 4055 Tudor Ctr Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 21 TC 24 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 15 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 10 BP 1289 EP 1292 DI 10.1086/324211 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 487NZ UT WOS:000171883300008 PM 11679917 ER PT J AU Malecki, J Wiersma, S Cahill, K Grossman, M Hochman, H Gurtman, A Bresnitz, E DiFerdinando, G Lurie, P Nalluswami, K Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Brechner, R Peterson, E Frank, D Bresoff-Matcha, S Chiriboga, C Eisold, J Martin, G AF Malecki, J Wiersma, S Cahill, K Grossman, M Hochman, H Gurtman, A Bresnitz, E DiFerdinando, G Lurie, P Nalluswami, K Siegel, L Adams, S Walks, I Davies-Coles, J Brechner, R Peterson, E Frank, D Bresoff-Matcha, S Chiriboga, C Eisold, J Martin, G TI Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax and interim guidelines for exposure management and antimicrobial therapy, October 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 909-919, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, Palm Beach, FL 33480 USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. Lenox Hill Hosp, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, Communicable Dis Program, New York, NY USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Svcs, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Dist Columbia Dept Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. Greater SE Hosp, Washington, DC USA. Midatlantic Permanente Med Grp, Falls Church, VA USA. Inova Fairfax Hosp, Falls Church, VA USA. So MD Hosp, Clinton, MD USA. US Capitol, Off Attending Phys, Washington, DC 20510 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Malecki, J (reprint author), Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, Palm Beach, FL 33480 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 14 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 18 BP 2226 EP 2232 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 491VA UT WOS:000172129700009 ER PT J AU Beskow, LM Burke, W Merz, JF Barr, PA Terry, S Penchaszadeh, VB Gostin, LO Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Beskow, LM Burke, W Merz, JF Barr, PA Terry, S Penchaszadeh, VB Gostin, LO Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ TI Informed consent for population-based research involving genetics SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID HUMAN TISSUE AB Bridging the gap between gene discovery and our ability to use genetic information to benefit health requires population-based knowledge about the contribution of common gene variants and gene-environment interactions to the risk of disease. The risks and benefits associated with population-based research involving genetics, especially lower-penetrance gene variants, can differ in nature from those associated with family-based research. In response to the urgent need for appropriate guidelines, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention formed a multidisciplinary group to develop an informed consent approach for integrating genetic variation into population-based research. The group used expert opinion and federal regulations, the National Bioethics Advisory Commission's report on research involving human biological materials, existing consent forms, and literature on informed consent to create suggested language for informed consent documents and a supplemental brochure. This language reflects the premise that the probability and magnitude of harm, as well as possible personal benefits, are directly related to the meaning of the results for the health of the participant and that appropriate disclosures and processes for obtaining consent should be based on an assessment at the outset of the likelihood that the results will generate information that could lead directly to an evidence-based intervention. This informed consent approach is proposed to promote discussion about how best to enable potential participants to make informed decisions about population-based research involving genetics and to suggest issues for consideration by research sponsors, institutional review boards, and investigators. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Penn, Ctr Bioeth, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Genet Alliance, Washington, DC USA. PXE Int Inc, Sharon, MA USA. Beth Israel Med Ctr, Div Med Genet, New York, NY 10003 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Barr Sternberg Moss Lawrence Silver & Saltonstall, Bennington, VT USA. RP Beskow, LM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 14 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 18 BP 2315 EP 2321 DI 10.1001/jama.286.18.2315 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 491VA UT WOS:000172129700027 PM 11710898 ER PT J AU Feikin, DR Elie, CM Goetz, MB Lennox, JL Carlone, GM Romero-Steiner, S Holder, PF O'Brien, WA Whitney, CG Butler, JC Breiman, RF AF Feikin, DR Elie, CM Goetz, MB Lennox, JL Carlone, GM Romero-Steiner, S Holder, PF O'Brien, WA Whitney, CG Butler, JC Breiman, RF TI Randomized trial of the quantitative and functional antibody responses to a 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and/or 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine among HIV-infected adults SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE pneumococcal disease; conjugate vaccines; HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; GLYCOPROTEIN CONJUGATE; DISEASE; CHILDREN; ASSAY AB In a double-blinded, randomized trial, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults with greater than or equal to 200 CD4 cells/mul received placebo (PL), 7-valent conjugate. or 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide (PS) vaccine in one of the following two-dose combinations given 8 weeks apart: conjugate-conjugate, conjugate-polysaccharide. placebo-polysaccharide, placebo-placebo. A total of 67 persons completed the study. Neither significant increases in HIV viral load nor severe adverse reactions occurred in any group. After controlling for confounders. when compared with persons receiving placebo-polysaccharide, persons receiving conjugate-conjugate and conjugate-polysaccharide had higher antibody concentrations (serotypes 4. 6B, 9V and serotype 23F respectively) and opsonophagocytic titers (functional antibody assay, serotypes 9V, 23F and serotypes 4, 6B, 9V. respectively) after the second dose (P < 0.05). The second dose with either conjugate or polysaccharide following the first conjugate dose, however, produced no further increase in immune responses. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare Syst, Los Angeles, CA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Infect Dis Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Galveston, TX 77550 USA. RP Feikin, DR (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS-C23, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Lennox, Jeffrey/D-1654-2014; OI Lennox, Jeffrey/0000-0002-2064-5565; Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768; Goetz, Matthew/0000-0003-4542-992X NR 32 TC 96 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD NOV 12 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 3-4 BP 545 EP 553 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00347-4 PG 9 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 492DP UT WOS:000172153400034 PM 11672921 ER PT J AU Johnson, JL Okwera, A Hom, DL Mayanja, H Kityo, CM Nsubuga, P Nakibali, JG Loughlin, AM Yun, H Mugyenyi, PN Vernon, A Mugerwa, RD Ellner, JJ Whalen, CC AF Johnson, JL Okwera, A Hom, DL Mayanja, H Kityo, CM Nsubuga, P Nakibali, JG Loughlin, AM Yun, H Mugyenyi, PN Vernon, A Mugerwa, RD Ellner, JJ Whalen, CC CA Uganda Case Western Reserve Univ R TI Duration of efficacy of treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV infected adults SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE antitubercular agents; isoniazid; HIV; prevention and control; pyrazinamide; rifampicin; tuberculin; tuberculosis ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PREVENTIVE THERAPY; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; DISEASE PROGRESSION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; UGANDAN ADULTS; DRUG-USERS; HIGH-RISK; PYRAZINAMIDE AB Background: Treatment of latent infection is needed to protect HIV-infected individuals against tuberculosis. A previous report addressed short-term efficacy of three regimens in HIV-infected adults. We now report on long-term efficacy of the study regimens. Methods: Three daily self-administered regimens were compared in a randomized placebo-controlled trial in 2736 purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive and anergic HIV-infected adults. PPD-positive subjects were treated with isoniazid (INH) for 6 months (6H), INH plus rifampicin for 3 months (3HR), INH plus rifampicin and pyrazinamide for 3 months (3HRZ), or placebo for 6 months. Anergic subjects were randomized to 6H or placebo. Results: 6H initially protected against tuberculosis in PPD-positive individuals; however, benefit was lost within the first year of treatment. Sustained benefit was observed in persons receiving 3HR and 3HRZ. In a Cox regression analysis, the adjusted relative risk for tuberculosis compared with placebo was 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.42-1.07] for 6H, 0.49 (95% CI, 0.29-0.82) for 3HR, and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.22-0.76) for 3HRZ. When the rifampicin-containing regimens were combined, the adjusted relative risk for tuberculosis compared with placebo was 0.46 (95% CI, 0.29-0.71). Among anergic subjects, a modest degree of protection with 6H was present (adjusted relative risk, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.32-1.16). Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection had no effect on mortality. Conclusion: Six months of INH provided short-term protection against tuberculosis in PPD-positive HIV-infected adults. Three month regimens including INH plus rifampicin or INH, rifampicin and pyrazinamide provided sustained protection for up to 3 years. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Case Western Reserve Univ, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Makerere Univ, Natl TB & Leprosy Control Programme, Kampala, Uganda. Makerere Univ, Dept Med, Kampala, Uganda. Joint Clin Res Ctr, Kampala, Uganda. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Div Infect Dis, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Johnson, JL (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Div Infect Dis, Dept Med, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. FU FIC NIH HHS [TW-00011]; PHS HHS [U78/CCU506716-04] NR 34 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 9 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 16 BP 2137 EP 2147 DI 10.1097/00002030-200111090-00009 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 495GU UT WOS:000172332500009 PM 11684933 ER PT J AU Aikhionbare, FO Hodge, T Kuhn, L Bulterys, M Abrams, EJ Bond, VC AF Aikhionbare, FO Hodge, T Kuhn, L Bulterys, M Abrams, EJ Bond, VC TI Mother-to-child discordance in HLA-G exon 2 is associated with a reduced risk of perinatal HIV-1 transmission SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID G POLYMORPHISMS; PREVENTION; INFECTION AB Definitive genetic parameters correlating with mother-to-child transmission (MCT) of HIV have not been fully established. We screened for the potential correlation between HLA-G variants and MCT, in a cohort of mother-child pairs. Discordance in exon 2 of HLA-G was significantly more common among non-transmitting (93%) than transmitting mother-child pairs (40%). Our results suggest that mother-child pairs both carrying the identical mutation in HLA-G exon 2 may be at higher risk of MCT of HIV-1. C1 Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Biochem, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Surg, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunol Branch, Div HIV AIDS & TB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Harlem Hosp Ctr, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Aikhionbare, FO (reprint author), Morehouse Sch Med, Dept Microbiol, Atlanta, GA 30310 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [G12-RR03034]; NICHD NIH HHS [1F32HD08540-01A1]; PHS HHS [U64 CCU 200937] NR 16 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD NOV 9 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 16 BP 2196 EP 2198 DI 10.1097/00002030-200111090-00019 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 495GU UT WOS:000172332500019 PM 11684943 ER PT J AU Keshava, C McCanlies, EC Keshava, N Wolff, MS Weston, A AF Keshava, C McCanlies, EC Keshava, N Wolff, MS Weston, A TI Distribution of HER2(V655) genotypes in breast cancer cases and controls in the United States SO CANCER LETTERS LA English DT Article DE breast neoplasms; HER2; polymorphisms; African-Americans; Caucasians; Latinas ID HER2 GENETIC-POLYMORPHISM; RISK AB The minor variant frequency of a HER2 polymorphism (HER2(V655)) has been determined for 471 United States women enrolled in a multiracial case-control study. Allelic frequencies varied significantly by race. Genotypic distributions showed no excess breast cancer risk associated with inheritance of HER2(V655) either as carriers (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.8-1.9), heterozygotes (OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.8-1.9), or homozygotes (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 0.4-4.2). Nor was there a significant association when each racial group was considered separately. The current study suggests the HER2(V655) allele is not a breast cancer risk factor for Caucasians, African-Americans, or Latinas. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. CDC, Biostat Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. RP Weston, A (reprint author), CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Hlth Effects Lab Div, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd MS-L3014, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 12 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0304-3835 J9 CANCER LETT JI Cancer Lett. PD NOV 8 PY 2001 VL 173 IS 1 BP 37 EP 41 DI 10.1016/S0304-3835(01)00671-1 PG 5 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 482ME UT WOS:000171579300006 PM 11578807 ER PT J AU Lyhs, U Lahtinen, J Fredriksson-Ahomaa, M Hyytia-Trees, E Elfing, K Korkeala, H AF Lyhs, U Lahtinen, J Fredriksson-Ahomaa, M Hyytia-Trees, E Elfing, K Korkeala, H TI Microbiological quality and shelf-life of vacuum-packaged 'gravad' rainbow trout stored at 3 and 8 degrees C SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fish; vacuum-packaging; 'gravad'; sensory property; growth curve; temperature ID COLD-SMOKED SALMON; STORAGE-TEMPERATURE; MODIFIED-ATMOSPHERE; CHILLED FISH; LISTERIA; PRODUCTS; FILLETS; GROWTH; MODEL AB Microbiological and sensory changes of vacuum-packaged 'gravad' rainbow trout slices were studied during storage at 3 and 8 degreesC. At the time of spoilage, after 27 and 20 days of storage at 3 and 8 degreesC, respectively, both mesophilic viable counts (MVC) and psychrotrophic viable counts (PVC) reached 10(6)-10(7)cfu/g at 3 degreesC and 10(7)-10(8) cfu/g at 8 degreesC. H(2)S-producing bacteria constituted a high proportion of the PVCs and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) counts were lower than the other determined bacterial counts. Sensory scores decreased with increasing MVC and PVC. The judges considered samples unfit for human consumption at MVC and PVC levels exceeding 10(6) and 10(7) cfu/g for samples stored at 3 and 8 degreesC, respectively. At respective levels of 10(7) and 10(8) cfu/g, most of the samples were deemed unfit. The main reasons for sensory rejection at both storage temperatures were the lack of the typical product odour or an ammonia off-odour and colour change to dark violet. The shelf-lives of the rainbow trout slices based on microbiological and sensory analyses were 20 days and 18 days at 3 and 8 degreesC, respectively. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Helsinki, Fac Vet Med, Dept Food & Environm Hyg, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. Helsinki Univ Technol, Lab Space Technol, Espoo, Finland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lannen Tehtaat Oy, Turku, Finland. RP Lyhs, U (reprint author), Univ Helsinki, Fac Vet Med, Dept Food & Environm Hyg, POB 57, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. EM ulrike.lyhs@helsinki.fi NR 28 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1605 J9 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL JI Int. J. Food Microbiol. PD NOV 8 PY 2001 VL 70 IS 3 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.1016/S0168-1605(01)00548-7 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA 498DW UT WOS:000172495400002 PM 11764188 ER PT J AU Bell, BP AF Bell, BP TI Hepatitis C virus infection. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD NOV 8 PY 2001 VL 345 IS 19 BP 1427 EP 1427 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 489VY UT WOS:000172014200023 PM 11794189 ER PT J AU Bush, L Malecki, J Wiersma, S Cahill, K Fried, R Grossman, M Borkowsky, W AF Bush, L Malecki, J Wiersma, S Cahill, K Fried, R Grossman, M Borkowsky, W CA CDC TI Investigation of anthrax associated with intentional exposure and interim public health guidelines, October 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 889, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Palm Beach Cty Hlth Dept, Palm Beach, FL USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL USA. Columbia Presbyterian Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. NYU Med Ctr, New York, NY 10016 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 7 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 17 BP 2086 EP 2088 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 490CD UT WOS:000172032100010 ER PT J CA CDC TI Recognition of illness associated with the intentional release of a biologic agent (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 893, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID PUBLIC-HEALTH MANAGEMENT; WEAPON C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 330 N WABASH AVE, STE 39300, CHICAGO, IL 60611-5885 USA SN 0098-7484 EI 1538-3598 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD NOV 7 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 17 BP 2088 EP 2090 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 490CD UT WOS:000172032100011 ER PT J AU Howe, HL Wingo, PA Thun, MJ Ries, LAG Rosenberg, HM Feigal, EG Edwards, BK AF Howe, HL Wingo, PA Thun, MJ Ries, LAG Rosenberg, HM Feigal, EG Edwards, BK TI Re: Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer (1973 through 1998), featuring cancer with recent increasing trends - Response SO JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE LA English DT Letter C1 N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries Inc, Springfield, IL USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Amer Canc Soc, Epidemiol & Surveillance Res Dept, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NCI, Div Canc Control & Populat Sci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NCI, Div Canc Treatment & Diag, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Vital Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Howe, HL (reprint author), N Amer Assoc Cent Canc Registries Inc, 2121 W White Oaks Dr, Springfield, IL USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL CANCER INSTITUTE PI BETHESDA PA 9030 OLD GEORGETOWN RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0027-8874 J9 J NATL CANCER I JI J. Natl. Cancer Inst. PD NOV 7 PY 2001 VL 93 IS 21 BP 1656 EP 1656 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 489ME UT WOS:000171994500016 ER PT J AU Alter, MJ AF Alter, MJ TI Protecting future generations through immunization against hepatitis B SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; VACCINATION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Alter, MJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Mailstop G37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD NOV 6 PY 2001 VL 135 IS 9 BP 835 EP 836 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 489VT UT WOS:000172013700008 PM 11694108 ER PT J AU Hu, XL Javadian, A Gagneux, P Robertson, BH AF Hu, XL Javadian, A Gagneux, P Robertson, BH TI Paired chimpanzee hepatitis B virus (ChHBV) and mtDNA sequences suggest different ChHBV genetic variants are found in geographically distinct chimpanzee subspecies SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B virus; chimpanzee; mtDNA sequence; evolution ID TANTALUS MONKEYS; GENOME; IDENTIFICATION; HEPADNAVIRUS; TROGLODYTES; INFECTION; PRIMATE; ORIGIN; AIDS; WILD AB The surface antigen gene region from five chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected chimpanzees was amplified by PCR and the sequence determined. Sequence comparison confirmed that all of the sequences were chimpanzee hepatitis B virus (chHBV) and they appeared to represent three distinct clusters or branches. To address the question of whether the three branches represented recently identified subspecies of chimpanzees, we determined the sequence of the mitochondrial DNA hypervariable D loop from hair samples obtained from these five chimpanzees. The results indicated that the three chHBV branches reflected three distinct subspecies of chimpanzees that are from different geographic regions in West Africa. The complete HBV sequence from members of the Pan troglodytes troglodytes cluster and the Pan troglodytes verus cluster are in the published literature; we determined the complete genome sequence for the third branch of HBV present in Pan troglodytes vellerosus. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch A33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Coulston Fdn, Alamogordo, NM USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Glycobiol Res & Training Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Robertson, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Hepatitis Branch A33, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV 5 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 1-2 BP 103 EP 108 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(01)00334-3 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 477GL UT WOS:000171274900010 PM 11551650 ER PT J AU Bowen, MD Kariwa, H Rollin, PE Peters, CJ Nichol, ST AF Bowen, MD Kariwa, H Rollin, PE Peters, CJ Nichol, ST TI Genetic characterization of a human isolate of Puumala hantavirus from France (vol 38, pg 279, 1995) SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Fac Vet Med, Dept Vet Publ Hlth, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060, Japan. Inst Pasteur, Ctr Natl Reference Fievres Hemorrag Virales, F-75015 Paris, France. RP Bowen, MD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Kariwa, Hiroaki/A-5258-2012 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD NOV 5 PY 2001 VL 79 IS 1-2 BP 201 EP 201 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(01)00292-1 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 477GL UT WOS:000171274900020 ER PT J AU Kazionny, B Wells, CD Kluge, H Gusseynova, N Molotilov, V AF Kazionny, B Wells, CD Kluge, H Gusseynova, N Molotilov, V TI Implications of the growing HIV-1 epidemic for tuberculosis control in Russia SO LANCET LA English DT Article AB Orel oblast, Russia, Is the site of a WHO demonstration project for tuberculosis control. We used data acquired by the Center for Prevention of AIDS and Infectious Diseases to show that, in this region, the seroprevalence of HIV-1 Infection has increased 33-fold in 4 years. The rapid spread of HIV-1 in Russia has serious implications for control of tuberculosis epidemics. Although the HIV-1 epidemic is at an early stage, aggressive prevention measures must be! taken quickly to avoid the adverse effects of widespread HIV on tuberculosis control that have been seen in sub-Saharan Africa. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Int Act, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Orel Oblast Cent TB Dispensary, Oryol, Russia. Russian Minist Hlth, Reg Ctr Prevent AIDS & Infect Dis, Oryol, Russia. WHO Russian Bur, Moscow, Russia. RP Wells, CD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Int Act, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD NOV 3 PY 2001 VL 358 IS 9292 BP 1513 EP 1514 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06574-6 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 490MN UT WOS:000172055800017 PM 11705567 ER PT J AU Pollock, DA AF Pollock, DA TI Barriers to health care access: What counts and who's counting? SO ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE access to care; health care access; emergency departments; surveillance; public health; monitoring ID EMERGENCY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Pollock, DA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1069-6563 J9 ACAD EMERG MED JI Acad. Emerg. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 8 IS 11 BP 1016 EP 1018 DI 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01107.x PG 3 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 488YQ UT WOS:000171964900002 PM 11691660 ER PT J AU Hughes, JM AF Hughes, JM TI Confronting emerging infectious diseases: The importance of partnerships between clinical medicine and public health SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hughes, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 76 IS 11 BP 1086 EP 1088 DI 10.1097/00001888-200111000-00007 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 492GG UT WOS:000172159600006 PM 11704506 ER PT J AU Stall, R Paul, JP Greenwood, G Pollack, LM Bein, E Crosby, GM Mills, TC Binson, D Coates, TJ Catania, JA AF Stall, R Paul, JP Greenwood, G Pollack, LM Bein, E Crosby, GM Mills, TC Binson, D Coates, TJ Catania, JA TI Alcohol use, drug use and alcohol-related problems among men who have sex with men: the Urban Men's Health Study SO ADDICTION LA English DT Article ID GAY MEN; SUBSTANCE-ABUSE; COMMUNITY; AIDS; BEHAVIOR; INTERVENTION; DRINKING; IMPACT; HIV AB Aims. To measure the prevalence and independent associations of heavy and problematic use of alcohol and recreational drugs among a household-based sample of urban MSM (men who have sex with men). Design. Cross-sectional survey. Participants. Men who identified as being gay or bisexual or who reported sex with another man in the prior 5 years were included in this analysis (n = 2172). Setting. A probability telephone sample of MSM was taken within Zip Codes of four large American cities (Chicago, Los Angeles, New York and San Francisco) estimated to have total concentrations of at least 4% of all households with one resident MSM. Measurements. Standard measures of alcohol use, problems associated with alcohol use, and recreational drug use were administered by trained telephone interviewers. Findings. Both recreational drug (52%) and alcohol use (85%) were highly prevalent among urban MSM, while current levels of multiple drug use (18%), three or more alcohol-related problems (12%), frequent drug use (19%) and heavy-frequent alcohol use (8%) were not uncommon. The associations of heavy and/or problematic substance use are complex, with independent multivariate associations found at the levels of demographics, adverse early life circumstances, current mental health status, social and sexual practices and connection to gay male culture. Conclusions. The complex pattern of associations with heavy and/or problematic substance use among urban MSM suggests that heavy and/or problematic substance use is grounded in multiple levels: the individual, the interpersonal and the socio-cultural. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, AIDS Res Inst, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Stall, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,M-S E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU NIAAA NIH HHS [AA 10194]; NIMH NIH HHS [MH42459, MH54320] NR 37 TC 310 Z9 313 U1 6 U2 28 PU CARFAX PUBLISHING PI BASINGSTOKE PA RANKINE RD, BASINGSTOKE RG24 8PR, HANTS, ENGLAND SN 0965-2140 J9 ADDICTION JI Addiction PD NOV PY 2001 VL 96 IS 11 BP 1589 EP 1601 DI 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961115896.x PG 13 WC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry SC Substance Abuse; Psychiatry GA 487AC UT WOS:000171850700006 PM 11784456 ER PT J AU Pendergrass, SM Krake, AM Jaycox, LB AF Pendergrass, SM Krake, AM Jaycox, LB TI The origin of a nicotine detection method - Reply SO AIHAJ LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Pendergrass, SM (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 62 IS 6 BP 666 EP 667 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 500JL UT WOS:000172623500003 ER PT J AU Harbarth, S Levine, GL Jarvis, WR Goldmann, DA Huskins, WC AF Harbarth, S Levine, GL Jarvis, WR Goldmann, DA Huskins, WC TI Computerized pharmacy databases as source of data on antimicrobial prescriptions in children's hospitals SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 18-21, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT C1 Mayo Clin, Div Pediat Infect Dis, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Childrens Hosp, Div Infect Dis, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Natl Assoc Childrens Hosp & Related Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Huskins, WC (reprint author), Mayo Clin, Div Pediat Infect Dis, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. OI Huskins, W. Charles/0000-0002-9989-175X NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEALTH-SYSTEM PHARMACISTS PI BETHESDA PA 7272 WISCONSIN AVE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 1079-2082 J9 AM J HEALTH-SYST PH JI Am. J. Health-Syst. Pharm. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 58 IS 21 BP 2069 EP 2071 PG 3 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 490CV UT WOS:000172033600016 PM 11715830 ER PT J AU Colt, JS Stallones, L Cameron, LL Dosemeci, M Zahm, SH AF Colt, JS Stallones, L Cameron, LL Dosemeci, M Zahm, SH TI Proportionate mortality among US migrant and seasonal farmworkers in twenty-four states SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE agriculture; cancer; epidemiology; farmworker; migrant; mortality; occupation; pesticides ID CHRONIC NEUROLOGICAL SEQUELAE; GASTRIC-CANCER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FARMERS; SUICIDE; WORKERS; HEALTH AB Background US migrant and seasonal farmworkers may be exposed to potentially carcinogenic pesticides and other agents. Little epidemiologic research has been conducted on this population. Methods We examined the proportionate mortality of 26,148 subjects (14,631 white men (WM),7,299 nonwhite men (NM), 1,081 white women (WW), and 3,137 nonwhite women (NW)) who were identified as farmworkers on death certificates from 24 US states during 1984-1993. Results Farmworkers had significantly elevated proportionate mortality from injuries, tuberculosis, mental disorders, cerebrovascular disease, respiratory diseases, ulcers, hypertension (NW), and cirrhosis (NW). There was significantly reduced mortality, from infectious diseases (other than tuberculosis), endocrine disorders, nervous system diseases, pneumoconioses, arteriosclerotic heart disease (WM), and all cancers combined. Proportionate cancer mortality analyses found excess cancers of the buccal cavity, larynx, esophagus, stomach, skin (NW), and cen,ix, and deficits for cancers of the colon, breast, kidney, pancreas (NW), and lymphohematopoietic system. Conclusions The excess deaths from injuries, respiratory disease, and stomach cancer, and the deficits of colon cancer and arteriosclerotic heart disease among farmworkers, are consistent with typical mortality patterns previously observed among farm owner/ operators. The excess buccal, laryngeal, esophageal, and cervical cancers, and the deficits of breast cancer and lymphohematopoietic cancers have not generally been observed in studies of farm owner/operators. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:604-611, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Hlth, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NIOSH, Illness Effects Sect, Surveillance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Colt, JS (reprint author), NCI, Occupat Epidemiol Branch, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,EPS 8112, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RI Zahm, Shelia/B-5025-2015 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 40 IS 5 BP 604 EP 611 DI 10.1002/ajim.1126 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 490QQ UT WOS:000172062900015 PM 11675631 ER PT J AU Olney, RS Hoyme, HE Roche, F Ferguson, K Hintz, S Madan, A AF Olney, RS Hoyme, HE Roche, F Ferguson, K Hintz, S Madan, A TI Limb/pelvis hypoplasia/aplasia with skull defect (Schinzel phocomelia): Distinctive features and prenatal detection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS LA English DT Article DE case report; limb; skull; pelvic bones; musculoskeletal abnormalities; prenatal diagnosis; ectromelia; syndrome ID APLASIA SYNDROME; MULTIPLE MALFORMATIONS; ROTHSCHILD SYNDROME; ROBERTS-SYNDROME; LIMB; ANOMALIES; SYSTEM; AMELIA AB Schinzel phocomelia syndrome is characterized by limb/pelvis hypoplasia/aplasia: specifically, intercalary limb deficiencies and absent or hypoplastic pelvic bones. The phenotype is similar to that described in a related multiple malformation syndrome known as Al-Awadi/Raas-Rothschild syndrome. The additional important feature of large parietooccipital skull defects without meningocele, encephalocele, or other brain malformation has thus far been reported only in children with Schinzel phocomelia syndrome. We recently evaluated a boy affected with Schinzel phocomelia born to nonconsanguineous healthy parents of Mexican origin. A third-trimester fetal ultrasound scan showed severe limb deficiencies and an absent pelvis. The infant died shortly after birth. Dysmorphology examination, radiographs, and autopsy revealed quadrilateral intercalary limb deficiencies with preaxial toe polydactyly; an absent pelvis and a 7 x 3-cm skull defect; and extraskeletal. anomalies including microtia, telecanthus, micropenis with cryptorchidism, renal cysts, stenosis of the colon, and a cleft alveolar ridge. A normal 46,XY karyotype was demonstrated, and autosomal recessive inheritance was presumed on the basis of previously reported families. This case report emphasizes the importance of recognizing severe pelvic and skull deficiencies (either post- or prenatally) in differentiating infants with Schinzel phocomelia from other multiple malformation syndromes that feature intercalary limb defects, including thalidomide embryopathy and Roberts-SC phocomelia. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Med Genet, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Lucile Packard Childrens Hosp Stanford, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Stanford, CA USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Div Neonatal & Dev Med, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Olney, RS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0148-7299 J9 AM J MED GENET JI Am. J. Med. Genet. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 103 IS 4 BP 295 EP 301 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 485KB UT WOS:000171752600006 PM 11746009 ER PT J AU Satcher, D AF Satcher, D TI Note from the Surgeon General SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material RP Satcher, D (reprint author), Care Of Zaza S, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, DPRAM, MS K-73,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 SU S BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00389-0 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 491LW UT WOS:000172110800001 ER PT J AU Fielding, JE Mullen, PD Brownson, RC Fullilove, MT Guerra, FA Hinman, AR Isham, GJ Land, GH Mahan, CS Nolan, PA Scrimshaw, SC Teutsch, SM Thompson, RS AF Fielding, JE Mullen, PD Brownson, RC Fullilove, MT Guerra, FA Hinman, AR Isham, GJ Land, GH Mahan, CS Nolan, PA Scrimshaw, SC Teutsch, SM Thompson, RS TI Recommendations to reduce injuries to motor vehicle occupants - Increasing child safety seat use, increasing safety belt use, and reducing alcohol-impaired driving SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE accidents, traffic; alcohol drinking; motor vehicles; wounds and injuries; infant equipment; protective devices; seat belts; community health services; decision making; evidence-based medicine; economics; preventive health services; public health practice ID INTERVENTIONS; REVIEWS C1 CDCP, Community Guide Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Los Angeles Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Texas, Sch Publ Hlth, Houston, TX USA. St Louis Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. New York State Psychiat Inst & Hosp, New York, NY 10032 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. San Antonio Metropolitan Hlth Dist, San Antonio, TX USA. Task Force Child Survival & Dev, Atlanta, GA USA. HealthPartners, Minneapolis, MN USA. Missouri Dept Hlth, Ctr Hlth Informat Managment & Epidemiol, Jefferson City, MO USA. Univ S Florida, Coll Publ Hlth, Tampa, FL USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Univ Illinois, Sch Publ Hlth, Chicago, IL USA. Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Dept Prevent Care, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Fielding, JE (reprint author), CDCP, Community Guide Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 EI 1873-2607 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 SU S BP 16 EP 22 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 491LW UT WOS:000172110800007 ER PT J AU Zaza, S Carande-Kulis, VG Sleet, DA Sosin, DM Elder, RW Shults, RA Dinh-Zarr, TB Nichols, JL Thompson, RS AF Zaza, S Carande-Kulis, VG Sleet, DA Sosin, DM Elder, RW Shults, RA Dinh-Zarr, TB Nichols, JL Thompson, RS CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Methods for conducting systematic reviews of the evidence of effectiveness and economic efficiency of interventions to reduce injuries to motor vehicle occupants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE accidents, traffic; alcohol drinking; motor vehicles; wounds and injuries; seat belts; community health services; decision making; evidence-based medicine; economics; preventive health services; public health practice AB Background: Motor vehicle occupant injury prevention is included in the Guide to Community Preventive Services because of the enormous health impact of these largely preventable injuries. This article describes the methods for conducting systematic literature reviews of interventions for three key injury prevention strategies: increasing child safety seat use, increasing safety belt use, and decreasing alcohol-impaired driving. Methods: Systematic review methods follow those established for the Guide to Community Preventive Services and include: (1) recruiting a systematic review development team, (2) developing a conceptual approach for selecting interventions and for selecting outcomes that define the success of the interventions, (3) defining and conducting a search for evidence of effectiveness, (4) evaluating and summarizing the body of evidence of effectiveness, (5) evaluating other potential beneficial and harmful effects of the interventions, (6) evaluating economic efficiency, (7) identifying implementation barriers, (8) translating the strength of the evidence into recommendations, and (9) identifying and summarizing research gaps. Results: The systematic review development team evaluated 13 interventions for the three strategic areas. More than 10,000 titles and abstracts were identified and screened; of these, 277 met the a priori systematic review inclusion criteria. Systematic review findings for each of the 13 interventions are provided in the accompanying articles in this supplement. Conclusion: The general methods established for conducting systematic reviews for the Guide to Community Preventive Services were successfully applied to interventions to reduce injuries to motor vehicle Occupants. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Off Res & Traff Records, Washington, DC 20590 USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Dept Prevent Care, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Zaza, S (reprint author), CDCP, Community Guide Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 SU S BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00379-8 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 491LW UT WOS:000172110800008 PM 11691559 ER PT J AU Zaza, S Sleet, DA Thompson, RS Sosin, DM Bolen, JC AF Zaza, S Sleet, DA Thompson, RS Sosin, DM Bolen, JC CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase use of child safety seats SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE accidents, traffic; motor vehicles; wounds and injuries; infant equipment; protective devices; community health services; decision making; evidence-based medicine; economics; preventive health services; public health practice ID PASSENGER SAFETY; RESTRAINT USE; PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; HEALTH-EDUCATION; PROTECTION; COMMUNITY; INJURIES; PROGRAMS; INFANTS; LEGISLATION AB Background: In 1998, nearly 600 child occupants of motor vehicles aged younger than 4 years died in motor vehicle crashes. Yet approximately 29% of children aged 4 years and younger do not ride in appropriate child safety seat restraints, which, when correctly installed and used, reduce the need for hospitalization in this age group by 69% and the risk of death by approximately 70% for infants and by 47% to 54% for toddlers (aged 1 to 4 years). Methods: The systematic review development Learn reviewed the scientific evidence of effectiveness for five interventions to increase child safety seat use. For each intervention, changes in the use of child safety seats or injury rates were the outcome measures evaluated to determine the success of the intervention. Database searching was concluded in March 1998. More than 3500 citations were screened; of these citations, 72 met the inclusion criteria for the reviews. Results: The systematic review process identified strong evidence of effectiveness for child safety seat laws and distribution plus education programs. In addition, community-wide information plus enhanced enforcement campaigns and incentive plus education programs had sufficient evidence of effectiveness. Insufficient evidence was identified for education-only programs aimed at parents, young children, healthcare professionals, or law enforcement personnel. Conclusions: Evidence is available about the effectiveness of four of the five interventions we reviewed. This scientific evidence, along with the accompanying recommendations of the Task Force elsewhere in this supplement, call be a powerful tool for securing the resources and commitment required to implement these strategies. C1 CDCP, Off Director, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Unintent Injury, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Off Director, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Seattle, WA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Dept Prevent Care, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Zaza, S (reprint author), CDCP, Community Guide Branch, 4770 Buford Highway,MS-K73, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 101 TC 126 Z9 132 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 SU S BP 31 EP 47 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00377-4 PG 17 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 491LW UT WOS:000172110800009 PM 11691560 ER PT J AU Dinh-Zarr, TB Sleet, DA Shults, RA Zaza, S Elder, RW Nichols, JL Thompson, RS Sosin, DM AF Dinh-Zarr, TB Sleet, DA Shults, RA Zaza, S Elder, RW Nichols, JL Thompson, RS Sosin, DM CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to increase the use of safety belts SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE community health services; decision making; evidence-based medicine; practice guidelines; preventive health services; public health practice; meta-analysis; review literature; motor vehicles; seat belts; accidents, traffic; wounds and injuries ID NEW-YORK-STATE; USE LAW-ENFORCEMENT; DRIVER RISK-TAKING; NORTH-CAROLINA; TRAFFIC SAFETY; INJURY RATES; SEATBELT USE; LEGISLATION; CALIFORNIA; PUBLICITY AB Background: The use of safety belts is the single most effective means of reducing fatal and nonfatal injuries in motor vehicle crashes. If all motor vehicle occupants consistently wore safety belts, an estimated 9553 deaths would have been prevented in 1999 alone. Methods: The Guide to Community Preventive Services's methods for systematic reviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of three interventions to increase safety belt use. Effectiveness was assessed on the basis of changes in safety belt use and number of crash-related injuries. Results: Strong evidence was found for the effectiveness of safety belt laws in general and for the incremental effectiveness of primary safety belt laws relative to secondary laws. Strong evidence for the effectiveness of enhanced enforcement programs for safety belt laws was also found. Additional information is provided about the applicability, other effects, and barriers to implementation of these interventions. Conclusions: These reviews form the basis of the recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services presented elsewhere in this supplement. They can help decision makers identify and implement effective interventions that fit within an overall strategy to increase safety belt use. C1 CDCP, Div Uninitent Injury Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Off Director, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Off Res Traff Records, Washington, DC 20590 USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Seattle, WA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Dept Prevent Care, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Sleet, DA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Uninitent Injury Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 115 TC 144 Z9 146 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 SU S BP 48 EP 65 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00378-6 PG 18 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 491LW UT WOS:000172110800010 PM 11691561 ER PT J AU Shults, RA Elder, RW Sleet, DA Nichols, JL Alao, MO Carande-Kulis, VG Zaza, S Sosin, DM Thompson, RS AF Shults, RA Elder, RW Sleet, DA Nichols, JL Alao, MO Carande-Kulis, VG Zaza, S Sosin, DM Thompson, RS CA Task Force Community Preventive Se TI Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE community health services; decision making; evidence-based medicine; practice guidelines; preventive health services; public health practice; meta-analysis; review literature; motor vehicles; seat belts; accidents, traffic; accident prevention; automobile driving; alcohol drinking; wounds and injuries ID MINIMUM DRINKING AGE; MOTOR-VEHICLE FATALITIES; COMMUNITY-PREVENTIVE-SERVICES; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; BLOOD-ALCOHOL; TRAFFIC SAFETY; SERVER-INTERVENTION; DRIVER FATALITIES; YOUNG DRIVERS AB Background: Alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes are a major public health problem, resulting in 15,786 deaths and more than 300,000 injuries in 1999. This report presents the results of systematic reviews of the effectiveness and economic efficiency of selected population-based interventions to reduce alcohol-impaired driving. Methods: The Guide to Community Preventive Services's methods for systematic reviews were used to evaluate the effectiveness of five interventions to decrease alcohol-impaired driving, using changes in alcohol-related crashes as the primary outcome measure. Results: Strong evidence was found for the effectiveness of .08 blood alcohol concentration laws, minimum legal drinking age laws, and sobriety checkpoints. Sufficient evidence was found for the effectiveness of lower blood alcohol concentration laws for young and inexperienced drivers and of intervention training programs for servers of alcoholic beverages. Additional information is provided about the applicability, other effects, and barriers to implementation of these interventions. Conclusion: These reviews form the basis of the recommendations by the Task Force on Community Preventive Services presented elsewhere in this supplement. They can help decision makers identify and implement effective interventions that fit within an overall strategy to prevent impaired driving. C1 CDCP, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Off Director, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Highway Traff Safety Adm US, Off Res & Traff Records, Washington, DC 20590 USA. Task Force Community Prevent Serv, Seattle, WA USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Dept Prevent Care, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. RP Shults, RA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,Mailstop K-63, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM rasl@cdc.gov NR 143 TC 306 Z9 317 U1 6 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 SU S BP 66 EP 88 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00381-6 PG 23 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 491LW UT WOS:000172110800011 PM 11691562 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, RK Nowalk, MP Mieczkowski, TA Mainzer, HM Jewell, IK Raymund, M AF Zimmerman, RK Nowalk, MP Mieczkowski, TA Mainzer, HM Jewell, IK Raymund, M TI The Vaccines for children program - Policies, satisfaction, and vaccine delivery SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE child health services; economics; immunization programs; Medicaid; vaccination ID CLINICS; IMPACT; PHYSICIANS; HEALTH AB Objectives: Characterize the Vaccines for Children (VFC) programs in Minnesota and Pennsylvania, assess providers' satisfaction with each state's program, and examine changes in doses administered in the public sector since implementation of the VFC. Methods: Primary care providers participating in the VFC in Minnesota and Pennsylvania were surveyed. Doses administered were based on data from the National Immunization Survey. Outcome measures included satisfaction, ease of use of VFC, doses of immunizations administered through public health departments, and overall immunization coverage for the two states. Results: Most participating providers in each state (80% to 94%) reported overall satisfaction with the VFC. Pennsylvania physicians were less satisfied with quarterly ordering of immunizations than were Minnesota providers with monthly ordering (56% vs 80%, p<0.05). The most common recommendation was to reduce paperwork. Doses administered in the public sector declined in Minnesota from approximately 146,000 in 1994 to 65,400 in 1999, and in Pennsylvania from approximately 250,000 to 76,300 during the same period. Conclusions: The VFC appears to increase the numbers of poor and uninsured children who receive necessary childhood immunizations within their medical homes. Providers are generally satisfied with the program. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Serv Adm, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Zimmerman, RK (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Dept Family Med & Clin Epidemiol, M-200 Scaife Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. OI Zimmerman, Richard/0000-0001-5941-6092 FU ATSDR CDC HHS [TS 247-14/15] NR 20 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00359-2 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 515WE UT WOS:000173519000001 PM 11701292 ER PT J AU Terrell-Perica, SMD Effler, PV Houck, PM Lee, L Crosthwaite, GH AF Terrell-Perica, SMD Effler, PV Houck, PM Lee, L Crosthwaite, GH TI The effect of a combined influenza/pneumococcal immunization reminder letter SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adult; health resources; immunization programs; influenza vaccine; Medicare; pneumococcal vaccines; reminder systems ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; INFLUENZA VACCINATION; POSTCARD REMINDERS; MANAGED CARE; COVERAGE; RATES; RISK AB Background: The effect of a combined influenza and pneumococcal immunization reminder letter on increasing influenza and pneumoccocal immunization rates, and the timeliness of receiving immunizations after receipt of a reminder letter, have not been examined. This study addresses these issues using a sample of new Medicare beneficiaries residing in Hawaii. Methods: Newly enrolled Medicare beneficiaries in Hawaii from 25 September 1995 through 31 August 1996 were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Group 1, no letter (n=2144); Group 2, influenza immunization reminder letter only (n=2213); or Group 3, pneumococcal and influenza immunization reminder letter (n=2171). Health Care Financing Administration claims data were compared among groups. Results: In Group 3, the influenza immunization rate increased 3.8 percentage points (n=87; p=0.017) compared with Group 1. The Group 3 pneumococcal immunization rate increased 3.5 percentage points (n=78; p<0.001) compared to Group 1 and 4.0 percentage points (n=86; p<0.001) compared to Group 2. Sixty-six beneficiaries in Group 3 received simultaneous pneumococcal and influenza immunizations, a significant difference compared to Group 1 or Group 2. Increases in immunizations were observed immediately following the reminder letters and the effect persisted for 5 to 7 weeks. Conclusions: The combination letter increased both influenza and pneumococcal immunization rates and the simultaneous administration of immunizations without detrimental effect to influenza immunization rates. A combined reminder letter is inexpensive and recommended as part of a multicomponent campaign for adult immunization. C1 State Hawaii Dept Hlth, Hawaii Immunizat Program, Honolulu, HI 96801 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. US Hlth Care Financing Adm, Reg 10, Seattle, WA USA. State Hawaii Dept Hlth, Epidemiol Branch, Honolulu, HI 96801 USA. Hawaii Med Serv Assoc, Peer Review Org, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Terrell-Perica, SMD (reprint author), State Hawaii Dept Hlth, Hawaii Immunizat Program, POB 3378, Honolulu, HI 96801 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 256 EP 260 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00372-5 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 515WE UT WOS:000173519000003 PM 11701294 ER PT J AU Kolasa, MS Petersen, TJ Brink, EW Bulim, ID Stevenson, JM Rodewald, LE AF Kolasa, MS Petersen, TJ Brink, EW Bulim, ID Stevenson, JM Rodewald, LE TI Impact of multiple injections on immunization rates among vulnerable children SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine; immunization; injections; poliovirus vaccine, inactivated ID POLIO IMMUNIZATION; UNITED-STATES; VACCINATION COVERAGE; MEASLES; PRESCHOOL; SCHEDULE; LATINO; TIME AB Background. In 1997, the Advisor, Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended a switch from oral polio vaccine (OPV) to inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) for the first two infant doses. The ACIP also recommended use of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) for infants. These recommendations resulted in two additional injections at the 2- and 4-month immunization visits. This study evaluates the implementation of new IPV and DTaP immunization recommendations and their impact on immunization coverage levels. Methods: Immunization coverage was assessed in public clinics in three urban areas before and after the recommendations. One pre- and three post-recommendation cohorts were followed to 12 months of age. Results: Almost all (greater than or equal to88%) infants in the pre-recommendation cohort received OPV, DTP, and only one or two injections. Almost all (greater than or equal to78%) infants in the post-recommendation cohorts received IPV, DTaP, and three or four injections. The percentage of infants in the Post-recommendation cohorts up-to-date for immunizations at 12 months of age was slightly higher than those in the pre-recommendation cohort. Conclusions: Providers rapidly switched from OPV and DTP to IPV and DTaP. Coverage at 12 months of age was higher among IPV/DTaP recipients than among OPV/DTP recipients. Provider and parent acceptance of four injections at a visit was high. The recent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine recommendations potentially add a fifth injection at 2 and 4 months of age. Acceptance or rejection of five injections by providers and parents needs early assessment. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kolasa, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Immunizat Serv Div, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 261 EP 266 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00371-3 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 515WE UT WOS:000173519000004 PM 11701295 ER PT J AU Rask, KJ LeBaron, CW Starnes, DM AF Rask, KJ LeBaron, CW Starnes, DM TI The costs of registry-based immunization interventions SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE costs and cost analysis; immunization; registries; vaccination ID CHILDHOOD IMMUNIZATION; INNER-CITY; INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; COVERAGE; IMPACT; RATES; CARE AB Background: Part of the payoff of immunization registries may be to lower costs of immunization intervention. However, registry-based intervention costs have not been evaluated in a community setting. Methods: The purpose of this study was to prospectively measure the cost of three equally effective registry-based interventions, evaluate how the size of the targeted population affects cost estimates, and compare these results with previously reported studies. A total of 3050 children aged <12 months were randomized to one of four study arms: 1) computer-generated telephone messages (autodialer), (2) outreach worker, (3) autodialer with outreach worker backup, or (4) usual care. The cost data collected included capital equipment, supplies, travel, and personnel. Results: Monthly costs of the three registry-based intervention types were (1) autodialer, $1.34 per Child; (2) outreach worker, $1.87 per child, and (3) combination, $2.76 per child. Personnel costs represented the majority of incremental costs for all three interventions. Increasing the number of children targeted sharply decreased the cost per child for the autodialer but had only a modest effect on outreach costs. The monthly costs for outreach were substantially lower than previously reported for nonregistry-based interventions in part because of differences in the number of children who were followed up. Monthly costs for the autodialer intervention were slightly higher than previously reported, but several published Studies excluded important costs. Conclusions: By facilitating the management of a larger cohort of children, some registry-based immunization interventions appear to be less costly than nonregistry interventions. Further work is needed to establish whether registry maintenance costs may be recouped in part by these savings. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Div Gen Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. EMSTAR Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rask, KJ (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Hlth Policy & Management, 1518 Clifton Rd NE,Room 636, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI rask, kimberly/M-8001-2016 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 267 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00370-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 515WE UT WOS:000173519000005 PM 11701296 ER PT J AU Tao, GY Zhang, P Li, Q AF Tao, GY Zhang, P Li, Q TI Services provided to nonpregnant women during general medical and gynecologic examinations in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE physical examination; gynecology; preventive health services; women's health ID CLINICAL PREVENTIVE SERVICES; PHYSICIAN AGREEMENT; FAMILY PHYSICIANS; SELF-REPORT; DELIVERY AB Objectives: To estimate the number of visits coded as general medical or gynecologic examinations (GMGEs) per 100 nonpregnant women aged greater than or equal to18 years per year, to examine the content of the services provided during those examinations, to examine the degree of agreement between the patient's stated reason for visits and the diagnosis coded by physicians for GMGEs, and to examine the extent of preventive services delivered during GMGE visits and non-GMGE visits. Methods: We analyzed data from two national surveys: the 1997 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and 1997 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. In addition, we obtained the number of women aged greater than or equal to18 years in the United States from the Bureau of Census and the number of women who were pregnant from the National Center for Health Statistics. Results: The number of visits coded as GMGEs by physicians was estimated to be <21 visits per 100 nonpregnant women aged &GE;18 years per year. The leading four services provided during a GMGE were blood pressure check, breast examination, pelvic examination, and Papanicolaou (Pap) test. Of the visits coded as GMGEs by physicians, 82% of patients stated that their reason for visit was a GMGE. Only 35% of the visits that were initially considered to be GMGEs by patients were classified as such by physicians. For the visits initially considered to be GMGEs by patients, women were more likely to receive preventive services if the visits were also classified as GMGEs by physicians. Of Pap tests provided to nonpregnant women aged &GE;18 years, 44% were provided during these visits that were classified as non-GMGE visits by both physicians and by patients. Conclusions: GMGEs were important means of delivering preventive services to nonpregnant women, but not many women had GMGE visits. Evaluation of the acceptability and cost effectiveness of GMGEs to deliver preventive services to different populations is needed. C1 CDCPt, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kansas State Univ, Dept Agr Econ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Tao, GY (reprint author), CDCPt, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS-E44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 4 BP 291 EP 297 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00366-X PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 515WE UT WOS:000173519000009 PM 11701300 ER PT J AU Green, Y AF Green, Y TI CDC promotes the female condom for HIV/STD prevention SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Womens Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Green, Y (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Womens Hlth, 166 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop D-51, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2001 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1732 EP 1732 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1732 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 487CE UT WOS:000171855400003 PM 11684585 ER PT J AU Holtzman, D Bland, SD Lansky, A Mack, KA AF Holtzman, D Bland, SD Lansky, A Mack, KA TI HIV-related behaviors and perceptions among adults in 25 states: 1997 behavioral risk factor surveillance system SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CONDOM USE; SEXUAL BEHAVIORS; UNITED-STATES; VALIDITY; PREVALENCE; POPULATION AB Objectives. To assess the level of HIV-related risk behavior among the general US adult population, we analyzed data from the first sexual behavior questions available for states to use with the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Methods. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is a state-specific, population-based, random telephone survey. In 1997, 25 states collected sexual behavior data. Annual prevalence estimates for selected behaviors were calculated and examined by sociodemographic characteristics. The correlation between actual and perceived HIV risk also was determined. Results. Most (77.1%) of the respondents reported just 1 sexual partner in the past year; 26.0% reported using a condom at last intercourse. Males, persons who were younger, and Blacks were more likely to report 2 or more partners but also more likely to report using a condom at last intercourse. Only 4.1% of the respondents reported a risk factor for HIV infection; 7.7% reported that they were at medium or high risk for HIV. Actual and perceived HIV risk were positively associated. Conclusions. Most US adults do not engage in HIV-related risk behavior; those that do are more likely to report protective behavior. C1 CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Holtzman, D (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mail Stop K-66,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Mack, Karin/A-3263-2012 OI Mack, Karin/0000-0001-9274-3001 NR 21 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD NOV PY 2001 VL 91 IS 11 BP 1882 EP 1888 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.11.1882 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 487CE UT WOS:000171855400039 PM 11684620 ER PT J AU Dietz, W AF Dietz, W TI Focus group data pertinent to the prevention of obesity in African Americans SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF THE MEDICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT National Conference on Capicity Building for Reasearch in Minority Health CY MAY 03-05, 2000 CL JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI DE African American; obesity; diet; physical activity; focus group ID OVERWEIGHT; CAMPAIGN AB The increased prevalence of obesity among African-American women makes it likely that they bear a disproportionate burden of comorbidities attributable to obesity, such as diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipemia. These observations suggest that intensive efforts to prevent obesity should be directed at this group. This presentation provides a summary of the findings of focus groups that convened prior to the Sisters Together, Move More, Eat Better campaign in Boston. This pilot campaign was designed to increase awareness of the importance of healthy eating and physical activity among young adult African-American women. In addition, data collected by the Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) provide additional information about attitudes toward diet and physical activity among African American youth. Such data are essential to understand the attitudinal changes necessary to prevent obesity in these vulnerable populations. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Dietz, W (reprint author), US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K24, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-9629 J9 AM J MED SCI JI Am. J. Med. Sci. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 322 IS 5 BP 275 EP 278 DI 10.1097/00000441-200111000-00008 PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 492QE UT WOS:000172178400008 PM 11721801 ER PT J AU Fritz, DL Young, JC AF Fritz, DL Young, JC TI Untitled SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Sacramento, CA 94234 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, DVRD, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Fritz, DL (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, POB 942732,MS 486, Sacramento, CA 94234 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 403 EP 403 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700001 ER PT J AU Bern, C Jha, SN Thakur, GD Joshi, AB Bista, MB AF Bern, C Jha, SN Thakur, GD Joshi, AB Bista, MB TI Untitled SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Letter ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS; COINFECTION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis F22, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. His Majestys Govt Nepal Minist Hlth, Vector Borne Dis Res & Training Ctr, Hetauda, Nepal. Tribhuvan Univ, Katmandu, Nepal. His Majestys Govt Nepal Minist Hlth, Epidemiol & Dis Control Div, Katmandu, Nepal. RP Bern, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis F22, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 404 EP 404 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700003 ER PT J AU Guerra, MA Walker, ED Kitron, U AF Guerra, MA Walker, ED Kitron, U TI Canine surveillance system for Lyme borreliosis in Wisconsin and northern Illinois: Geographic distribution and risk factor analysis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID IXODES-DAMMINI ACARI; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; SCAPULARIS ACARI; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; NEW-YORK; DISEASE; BURGDORFERI; DOGS; IXODIDAE; ANTIBODY AB A seroprevalence survey for Borrelia burgdorferi was conducted among the healthy canine pet population in selected counties of Wisconsin and northern Illinois to determine the distribution of Lyme disease and associated risk factors. Information obtained for each dog included place of residence, Lyme disease vaccination status, history of travel and tick exposure, signalment, and medical history. Serum samples were screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and confirmed by an immunoblot procedure. Seroprevalence by county ranged 0-40%, With the highest estimates from west-central Wisconsin. The spatial pattern was significantly correlated with human incidence of Lyme disease and with abundance of the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to integrate environmental data with the location of the residences of the dogs to determine environmental risk factors. Seropositivity among dogs was positively associated with increased tick exposure and time spent outdoors and negatively associated with vaccination against Lyme disease. Seropositivity was also associated with living in forested and urban areas, and on sandy, fertile soils. A canine surveillance system is a useful method for assessing the geographic distribution of Lyme disease, and in combination with a GIS, it can be effective in determining environmental factors associated with I. scapularis endemicity. C1 Univ Illinois, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Div Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Urbana, IL 61802 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Entomol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Guerra, MA (reprint author), CDC, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU PHS HHS [A1-36917, U50-CCU-510303] NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 546 EP 552 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700025 PM 11716112 ER PT J AU Trevejo, RT Krause, PJ Schriefer, ME Dennis, DT AF Trevejo, RT Krause, PJ Schriefer, ME Dennis, DT TI Evaluation of a two-test serodiagnostic method for community assessment of Lyme disease in an endemic area SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SEROPREVALENCE; VACCINATION; RISK AB Epidemiological methods are needed to evaluate community exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease (LD). For LD serodiagnosis, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends a 2-test approach that involves enzyme immunoassay (EIA) testing and Western immunoblotting (WB) of EIA-equivocal and EIA-positive specimens. The specificity of this approach was evaluated among residents of a LD-endemic community and was compared with WB alone and with a simplified 2-test approach (WB of equivocal EIA only). Participants reporting no previous diagnosis of LD were recruited during a community-wide serosurvey on Block Island, Rhode Island. Of 80 eligible participants, 20 had received LD vaccine. Seven (35%) of 20 vaccinees and 22 (37%) of 60 nonvaccinees reported nonspecific symptoms compatible with LD in the previous year. In this highly LD-endemic community, the overall specificity of the CDC-recommended approach was highest (100%), followed by WB alone (98.7%), then the simplified approach (95%). C1 CDCP, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Connecticut, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Farmington, CT 06030 USA. RP Dennis, DT (reprint author), CDCP, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI42402] NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 563 EP 566 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700028 PM 11716115 ER PT J AU Dawson, JE Paddock, CD Warner, CK Greer, PW Bartlett, JH Ewing, SA Munderloh, UG Zaki, SR AF Dawson, JE Paddock, CD Warner, CK Greer, PW Bartlett, JH Ewing, SA Munderloh, UG Zaki, SR TI Tissue diagnosis of Ehrlichia chaffeensis in patients with fatal ehrlichiosis by use of immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and polymerase chain reaction SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; TICK CELL-CULTURE; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; UNITED-STATES; MESSENGER-RNA; IN-SITU; INFECTION; IDENTIFICATION; PATHOLOGY; EWINGII AB In the United States, human ehrlichiosis is a complex of emerging tick-borne diseases caused by 3 distinct Ehrlichia species: Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia ewingii, and the human granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis agent. Ehrlichioses are characterized by a mild to severe illness, and similar to4% of cases are fatal. Because these obligate intracellular bacteria are difficult to resolve with routine histologic techniques, their distribution in tissues has not been well described. To facilitate the visualization and detection of ehrlichiae, immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed by use of tissues from 4 fatal cases of E. chaffeensis infection. Evidence of E. chaffeensis via IHC, ISH, and PCR was documented in all 4 cases. Abundant immunostaining and in situ nucleic acid hybridization were observed in spleen and lymph node from all 4 patients. Significantly, in 2 of these patients, serologic evidence of infection was absent. Use of IHC, ISH, and PCR to visualize and detect Ehrlichia in tissues can facilitate diagnosis of ehrlichial infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Entomol, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. RP Dawson, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Infect Dis Pathol Act, Mailstop G-30,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 603 EP 609 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700035 PM 11716122 ER PT J AU Van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG Ter Kuile, FO Misore, A Otieno, JA Kolczak, MS Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL AF Van Eijk, AM Ayisi, JG Ter Kuile, FO Misore, A Otieno, JA Kolczak, MS Kager, PA Steketee, RW Nahlen, BL TI Human immunodeficiency virus seropositivity and malaria as risk factors for third-trimester anemia in asymptomatic pregnant women in western Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID INTERMITTENT SULFADOXINE-PYRIMETHAMINE; PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; LOW-BIRTH-WEIGHT; IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; MATERNAL MORTALITY; NUTRITIONAL ANEMIA; INFECTION; AFRICA; HIV AB To assess risk factors for anemia in late pregnancy, we studied healthy pregnant women with a singleton uncomplicated pregnancy of greater than or equal to 32 weeks attending the prenatal clinic in the Provincial Hospital in Kisumu, Kenya. Between June 1996 and December 1998, 4,608 pregnant women had a blood sample collected for hemoglobin (Hb) measurement, malaria smear, and testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The mean standard deviation of Hb was 9.58 +/- 1.8 g/dL; 21% had malaria in their blood; and 25% of the women were HIV seropositive. Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia was more common among HIV-seropositive women in all gravidities compared with HIV-seronegative women (risk ratio, 1.71; 95% confidence interval, 1.53-1.92). In a multivariate analysis, for primi- and secundigravidae women, the factors malaria, belonging to the Luo tribe, and HIV seropositivity were significantly associated with any anemia (Hb < 11 g/dL), and HIV seropositivity and documented fever were associated with severe anemia (Hb < 7 g/dL). In women of higher gravidities, HIV seropositivity was the only statistically significant factor associated with any anemia or with severe anemia. Asymptomatic HIV seropositivity is an important risk factor to be considered in the differential diagnosis of maternal anemia, independent of P. falciparum parasitemia. C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Field Stn Kisian, Kisumu, Kenya. Univ Amsterdam, Acad Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands. Kenya Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Van Eijk, AM (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Field Stn Kisian, POB 1578, Kisumu, Kenya. NR 47 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 623 EP 630 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700038 PM 11716125 ER PT J AU Kuno, G Artsob, H Karabatsos, N Tsuchiya, KR Chang, GJJ AF Kuno, G Artsob, H Karabatsos, N Tsuchiya, KR Chang, GJJ TI Genomic sequencing of deer tick virus and phylogeny of powassan-related viruses of North America SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; FLAVIVIRUS AB Powassan (POW) virus is responsible for central nervous system infection in humans in North America and the eastern parts of Russia. Recently, a new flavivirus, deer tick (DT) virus, related to POW virus was isolated in the United States, but neither its pathogenic potential in human nor the taxonomic relationship with POW virus has been elucidated. In this study, we obtained the near-full-length genomic sequence of the DT virus and complete sequences of 3 genomic regions of 15 strains of POW-related virus strains. The phylogeny revealed 2 lineages, one of which had the prototype POW virus and the other DT virus. Both lineages can cause central nervous system infection in humans. By use of the combination of molecular definition of virus species within the genus Flavivirus and serological distinction in a 2-way cross-neutralization test, the lineage of DT virus is classified as a distinct genotype of POW virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Inst Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Zoonot Dis & Level 4 Canadian Sci Ctr Human & Ani, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3R2, Canada. RP Kuno, G (reprint author), POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 21 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 5 BP 671 EP 676 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 491ZD UT WOS:000172139700048 PM 11716135 ER PT J AU Barker, L Rolka, H Rolka, D Brown, C AF Barker, L Rolka, H Rolka, D Brown, C TI Equivalence testing for binomial random variables: Which test to use? SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE likelihood ratio test; Patel-Gupta test; score interval; two one-sided tests ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; NULL HYPOTHESIS; SAMPLE SIZES; BIOAVAILABILITY AB The hypothesis of "no difference" between two populations is the appropriate null hypothesis in studies intended to show that populations differ. In studies intended to show that two populations are practically equivalent, the null hypothesis that a substantial difference between the populations exists is more appropriate. We consider eight tests of the null hypothesis that the absolute difference of two binomial random variables' success probabilities is at least a prespecified Delta > 0 versus the alternative that the difference is less than Delta. The tests considered are: six forms of the two one-sided test, a modified form of the Patel-Gupta test, and the likelihood ratio rest. The applicability of each test in a given setting depends on how well the test maintains its nominal size, the power of the test, and the ease with which it is implemented. Based on these criteria, we make recommendations for choosing, among these tests. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barker, L (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-62, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 55 IS 4 BP 279 EP 287 DI 10.1198/000313001753272213 PG 9 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 494EU UT WOS:000172269400003 ER PT J AU Zhuang, Z Hearl, FJ Odencrantz, J Chen, W Chen, BT Chen, JQ McCawley, MA Gao, P Soderholm, SC AF Zhuang, Z Hearl, FJ Odencrantz, J Chen, W Chen, BT Chen, JQ McCawley, MA Gao, P Soderholm, SC TI Estimating historical respirable crystalline silica exposures for Chinese pottery workers and iron/copper, tin, and tungsten miners SO ANNALS OF OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE crystalline silica content; respirable crystalline silica exposure; silicosis; mining dust; exposure estimates ID GOLD MINERS; RISK AB Collaborative studies of Chinese workers, using over four decades of dust monitoring data, are being conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and Tongji Medical University in China. The goal of these projects is to establish exposure-response relationships for the development of diseases such as silicosis or lung cancer in cohorts of pottery and mine workers. It is necessary to convert Chinese dust measurements to respirable silica measurements in order to make results from the Chinese data comparable to other results in the literature. This article describes the development of conversion factors and estimates of historical respirable crystalline silica exposure for Chinese workers. Ambient total dust concentrations (n > 17 000) and crystalline silica concentrations (n=347) in bulk dust were first gathered from historical industrial hygiene records. Analysis of the silica content in historical bulk samples revealed no trend from 1950 up to the present. During 1988-1989, side-by-side airborne dust samples (n=143 pairs) were collected using nylon cyclones and traditional Chinese samplers in 20 metal mines and nine pottery factories in China. These data were used to establish conversion factors between respirable crystalline silica concentrations and Chinese total dust concentrations. Based on the analysis of the available evidence, conversion factors derived from the 1988-1989 sampling campaign are assumed to apply to other time periods in this paper. The conversion factors were estimated to be 0.0143 for iron/copper, 0.0355 for pottery factories, 0.0429 for tin mines, and 0.0861 for tungsten mines. Conversion factors for individual facilities within each industry were also calculated. Analysis of variance revealed that mean conversion factors are significantly different among facilities within the iron/copper industry and within the pottery industry. The relative merits of using facility-specific conversion factors, industry-wide conversion factors, or a weighted average of the two are discussed. The exposure matrix of the historical Chinese total dust concentrations was multiplied by these conversion factors to obtain an exposure matrix of historical respirable crystalline silica concentrations. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of British Occupational Hygiene Society. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Tongji Med Univ, Dept Labor Hlth & Occupat Dis, Wuhan, Peoples R China. RP Zhuang, Z (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI Zhuang, Ziqing/K-5462-2012; OI Soderholm, Sidney/0000-0001-8557-3868 NR 26 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0003-4878 J9 ANN OCCUP HYG JI Ann. Occup. Hyg. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 45 IS 8 BP 631 EP 642 DI 10.1016/S0003-4878(01)00024-2 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 499GD UT WOS:000172562000003 PM 11718659 ER PT J AU Brandt, ME Pfaller, MA Hajjeh, RA Hamill, RJ Pappas, PG Reingold, AL Rimland, D Warnock, DW AF Brandt, ME Pfaller, MA Hajjeh, RA Hamill, RJ Pappas, PG Reingold, AL Rimland, D Warnock, DW CA Cryptococcal Dis Active Surveillan TI Trends in antifungal drug susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates in the United States: 1992 to 1994 and 1996 to 1998 SO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; MULTICENTER EVALUATION; BROTH MICRODILUTION; AMPHOTERICIN-B; FLUCONAZOLE; MENINGITIS; AIDS; RESISTANCE; RELAPSE AB The antifungal drug susceptibilities of two collections of Cryptococcus neoformans isolates obtained through active laboratory-based surveillance from 1992 to 1994 (368 isolates) and 1996 to 1998 (364 isolates) were determined. The MICs of fluconazole, itraconazole, and flucytosine were determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards broth microdilution method; amphotericin B MICs were determined by the E-test. Our results showed that the MIC ranges, the MICs at which 50% of isolates are inhibited (MIC(50)s), and the MIC(90)s of these four antifungal agents did not change from 1992 to 1998. In addition, very small numbers of isolates showed elevated MICs suggestive of in vitro resistance. The MICs of amphotericin B were elevated (greater than or equal to2 mug/ml) for 2 isolates, and the MICs of flucytosine were elevated (greater than or equal to 32 mug/ml) for 14 isolates. Among the azoles, the fluconazole MIC was elevated (greater than or equal to 64 mug/ml) for 8 isolates and the itraconazole MIC (greater than or equal to1 mug/ml) was elevated for 45 isolates. Analysis of 172 serial isolates from 71 patients showed little change in the fluconazole MIC over time. For isolates from 58 patients (82% of serial cases) there was either no change or a twofold change in the fluconazole MIC. In contrast, for isolates from seven patients (12% of serial cases) the increase in the MIC was at least fourfold. For isolates from another patient there was a 32-fold decrease in the fluconazole MIC over a 1-month period. We conclude that in vitro resistance to antifungal agents remains uncommon in C. neoformans and has not significantly changed with time during the past decade. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Dept Pathol, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Vet Adm Med Ctr, Houston, TX 77211 USA. Baylor Coll Med, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Med, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Brandt, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 78 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0066-4804 J9 ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH JI Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 45 IS 11 BP 3065 EP 3069 DI 10.1128/AAC.45.11.3065-3069.2001 PG 5 WC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 483ZC UT WOS:000171664900013 PM 11600357 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Mannetje, A Boffetta, P Stayner, L Attfield, M Chen, JQ Dosemeci, M DeKlerk, N Hnizdo, E Koskela, R Checkoway, H AF Steenland, K Mannetje, A Boffetta, P Stayner, L Attfield, M Chen, JQ Dosemeci, M DeKlerk, N Hnizdo, E Koskela, R Checkoway, H TI Pooled exposure-response analyses and risk assessment for lung cancer in 10 cohorts of silica-exposed workers: an IARC multicentre study SO CANCER CAUSES & CONTROL LA English DT Article DE lung cancer; multicentre study; silica ID DIATOMACEOUS-EARTH INDUSTRY; AFRICAN GOLD MINERS; NESTED CASE-CONTROL; URANIUM MINERS; CRYSTALLINE SILICA; POTTERY WORKERS; DUST EXPOSURES; MORTALITY; MISCLASSIFICATION; ASSOCIATIONS AB Objectives: Silica is one of the most common occupational exposures worldwide. In 1997 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classified inhaled crystalline silica as a human carcinogen (group 1), but acknowledged limitations in the epidemiologic data, including inconsistencies across studies and the lack of extensive exposure-response data. We have conducted a pooled exposure-response analysis of 10 silica-exposed cohorts to investigate lung cancer. Methods: The pooled cohort included 65,980 workers (44,160 miners, 21,820 nominees), and 1072 lung cancer deaths (663 miners, 409 nonminers). Follow-up has been extended for five of these cohorts beyond published data. Quantitative exposure estimates by job and calendar time were adopted, modified, or developed to permit common analyses by respirable silica (mg/m(3)) across cohorts. Results: The log of cumulative exposure, with a 15-year lag, was a strong predictor of lung cancer (p = 0.0001), with consistency across studies (test for heterogeneity, p = 0.34). Results for the log of cumulative exposure were consistent between underground mines and other facilities. Categorical analyses by quintile of cumulative exposure resulted in a monotonic trend with odds ratios of 1.0, 1.0, 1.3, 1.5, 1.6. Analyses using a spline curve also showed a monotonic increase in risk with increasing exposure. The estimated excess lifetime risk (through age 75) of lung cancer for a worker exposed from age 20 to 65 at 0.1 mg/m(3) respirable crystalline silica (the permissible level in many countries) was 1.1-1.7%, above background risks of 3-6%. Conclusions: Our results support the decision by the IARC to classify inhaled silica in occupational settings as a carcinogen, and suggest that the current exposure limits in many countries may be inadequate. These data represent the first quantitative exposure-response analysis and risk assessment for silica using data from multiple studies. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Int Agcy Res Canc, F-69372 Lyon, France. NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. Tongji Med Univ, Wuhan, Peoples R China. Natl Canc Inst, Washington, DC USA. Univ Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia. Finnish Inst Occupat Hlth, Helsinki, Finland. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI de Klerk, Nicholas/D-8388-2016 OI de Klerk, Nicholas/0000-0001-9223-0767 NR 57 TC 134 Z9 143 U1 1 U2 6 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL PI DORDRECHT PA SPUIBOULEVARD 50, PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-5243 J9 CANCER CAUSE CONTROL JI Cancer Causes Control PD NOV PY 2001 VL 12 IS 9 BP 773 EP 784 DI 10.1023/A:1012214102061 PG 12 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 479HB UT WOS:000171398000001 PM 11714104 ER PT J AU Villarino, ME AF Villarino, ME TI Tuberculosis due to environment, biology, or both? SO CHEST LA English DT Editorial Material ID DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; NEW-YORK-CITY; DIABETES-MELLITUS; TRENDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Villarino, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, NCHSTV MS-E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD NOV PY 2001 VL 120 IS 5 BP 1435 EP 1437 DI 10.1378/chest.120.5.1435 PG 3 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 494GW UT WOS:000172274300006 PM 11713114 ER PT J AU Wilson, SR Yamada, EG Sudhakar, R Roberto, L Mannino, D Mejia, C Huss, N AF Wilson, SR Yamada, EG Sudhakar, R Roberto, L Mannino, D Mejia, C Huss, N TI A controlled trial of an environmental tobacco smoke reduction intervention in low-income children with asthma SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE asthma; behavior change; children; controlled trial; cotinine; education; environmental tobacco smoke; low-income ID COTININE-ASSISTED INTERVENTION; PASSIVE SMOKING; RELAPSE PREVENTION; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BODY-FLUIDS; EXPOSURE; PREGNANCY; PROGRAM; PARENTS; POSTPARTUM AB Study objectives: To determine the effectiveness of a cotinine-feedback, behaviorally based education intervention in reducing environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and health-care utilization of children with asthma. Design: Randomized controlled trial of educational intervention vs usual care. Setting: The pediatric pulmonary service of a regional pediatric hospital. Participants: ETS-exposed, Medicaid/Niedi-Cal-eligible, predominantly minority children who were 3 to 12 years old and who were seen for asthma in the hospital's emergency, inpatient, and outpatient services departments (n = 87). Intervention: Three nurse-led sessions employing behavior-changing strategies and basic asthma education and that incorporated repeated feedback on the child's urinary cotinine level. Measurements: The primary measurements were the urinary cotinine/creatinine ratio (CCR) and the number of acute asthma medical visits. The secondary measurements were number of hospitalizations, smoking restrictions in home, amount smoked, reported exposures of children, and asthma control. Results: The intervention was associated with a significantly lower odds ratio (OR) for more than one acute asthma medical visit in the follow-up year, after adjusting for baseline visits (total visits, 87; OR, 0.32; p = 0.03), and a comparably sized but nonsignificant OR for one or more hospitalization (OR, 0.34; p = 0.14). The follow-up CCR measurement and the determination of whether smoking was prohibited inside the home strongly favored the intervention group (n = 51) (mean difference in CCR adjusted for baseline, -0.38; p = 0.26; n = 51) (60; OR [for proportion of subjects prohibiting smoking], 0.24; p = 0.11; n = 60). Conclusions: This intervention significantly reduced asthma health-care utilization in ETS-exposed, low-income, minority children. Effects sizes for urine cotinine and proportion prohibiting smoking were moderate to large but not statistically significant, possibly the result of reduced precision due to the loss of patients to active follow-up. Improving ETS reduction interventions and understanding their mechanism of action on asthma outcomes requires further controlled trials that measure ETS exposure and behavioral and disease outcomes concurrently. C1 Palo Alto Med Fdn, Res Inst, Dept Hlth Serv Res, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Chron Dis Control Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. Valley Childrens Hosp, Pediat Pulm Dept, Madera, CA USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Wilson, SR (reprint author), Palo Alto Med Fdn, Res Inst, Dept Hlth Serv Res, 795 El Camino Real,Ames Bldg, Palo Alto, CA 94301 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 FU PHS HHS [U60/CCU912212] NR 42 TC 80 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD NOV PY 2001 VL 120 IS 5 BP 1709 EP 1722 DI 10.1378/chest.120.5.1709 PG 14 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 494GW UT WOS:000172274300049 PM 11713157 ER PT J AU Jason, J Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Byrd, MG Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR AF Jason, J Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Byrd, MG Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Jarvis, WR TI Comparison of serum and cell-specific cytokines in humans SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; INTERFERON-GAMMA; TH1/TH2 BALANCE; FLOW-CYTOMETRY; WHOLE-BLOOD; INTERLEUKIN-6; INFECTIONS; SEPSIS; ACTIVATION; EXERCISE AB Cytokines function at the cellular, microenvironmental level, but human cytokine assessment is most commonly done at the macro level, by measuring serum cytokines. The relationships between serum and cellular cytokines, if there are any, are undefined. In a study of hospitalized patients in Malawi, we compared cytometrically assessed, cell-specific cytokine data to serum interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in 16 children and 71 (IL-2, -4, -6, -10) or 159 (IL-8, IFN-gamma, and TNF-alpha) adults, using Wilcoxon rank sum tests and Pearson's (r(p)) and Spearman's (r(s)) rank correlations. For the entire study group, correlations between identical serum and cellular cytokines mainly involved IL-8 and IFN-gamma, were few, and were weakly positive (r < 0.40). Blood culture-positive persons had the most and strongest correlations, including those, between serum IL-2 levels and the percentages of lymphocytes spontaneously making IL-2 (r(s) = +0.74), serum IL-8 levels and the percentages of lymphocytes spontaneously making IL-8 (r(p) = +0.66), and serum IL-10 levels and the percentages of CD8(+) T cells making TNF- (r(p) = +0.89). Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive persons had the next largest number of correlations, including several serum IL-8 level correlations, correlation of serum IL-10 levels with the percentages of lymphocytes producing induced IL-10 (r(s) = +0.36), and correlation of serum IFN-gamma levels and the percentages of lymphocytes spontaneously making both IL-6 and IFN-gamma in the same cell (r(p) = +0.59). HIV-negative, malaria smear-positive, and pediatric patients had few significant correlations; for the second and third of these subgroups, serum IL-8 level was correlated with the percentage of CD8(-) T cells producing induced IL-8 (r(s) = +0.40 and r(s) = +0.56, respectively). Thus, the strength: of associations between serum and cellular cytokines varied with the presence or absence of bloodstream infection, HIV status, and perhaps other factors we did not assess. These results strongly suggest that serum cytokines at best only weakly reflect peripheral blood cell cytokine production and balances. C1 CDCP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, DASTLR, NCID,US Dept HHS,US PHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Invest & Prevent Branch, Hosp Infect Program, NCID,US Dept HHS,US PHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Off Global Hlth, US Dept HHS, US PHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Lilongwe, Malawi. Minist Hlth & Populat, Community Hlth Serv Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Jason, J (reprint author), CDCP, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, DASTLR, NCID,US Dept HHS,US PHS, Mailstop A-25,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 31 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1097 EP 1103 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.6.1097-1103.2001 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 490EA UT WOS:000172036400011 PM 11687446 ER PT J AU Romero-Steiner, S Fernandez, J Biltoft, C Wohl, ME Sanchez, J Feris, J Balter, S Levine, OS Carlone, GM AF Romero-Steiner, S Fernandez, J Biltoft, C Wohl, ME Sanchez, J Feris, J Balter, S Levine, OS Carlone, GM TI Functional antibody activity elicited by fractional doses of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine (polyribosylribitol phosphate-tetanus toxoid conjugate) SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; POLYSACCHARIDE; INFANTS; PREVENTION; CHILDREN; AVIDITY; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTIONS AB We evaluated the functional activities of antibodies, serum bactericidal activity (SBA), and immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity indices, using sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) elution, elicited after vaccination with fractional doses of the Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate (polyribosylribitol phosphate [PRP] conjugated to tetanus toxoid [PRP-T]) vaccine. A cohort of 600 infants from the Dominican Republic were randomized to receive one of three regimens of the PRP-T vaccine at ages 2, 4, and 6 months: full doses (10 mug of PRP antigen), one-half doses (5.0 mug), and one-third doses (3.3 mug) (J. Fernandez et al., Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 62:485-490, 2000). Sixty serum samples, collected at age 7 months, with greater than or equal to2.0 mug of anti-PRP IgG per ml were randomly selected for avidity determinations. Geometric mean IgG concentrations were 13, 14, and 17 mug/ml for infants who received the full-dose (n = 19), one-half-dose (n = 19), and one-tbird-dose (n = 22) regimens, respectively. SBA geometric mean titers (1/dilution) were 85.0, 82.0, and 76.1 in sera from infants receiving the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Avidity indices (mean +/- standard error weighted average of NaSCN molar concentration x serum dilution factor) were 71.9 +/- 9.4, 123.6 +/- 26.8, and 150.9 +/- 24.9 for the full-, one-half-, and one-third-dose regimens, respectively. Upon comparison, the only significant difference (P = 0.024) found was a greater avidity index for sera from infants receiving the one-third-dose regimen than for sera from infants receiving the the full-dose regimen. We conclude that fractional doses elicit similar functional antibody activities in infants with 2 jig of anti-PRP IgG per ml, corresponding to 89, 90, and 97% of infants receiving three doses of either the full concentration or one-half or one-third of the labeled concentration, respectively. This approach offers an alternative strategy for the prevention of H. influenzae type b disease in countries with limited resources. C1 CDCP, Immunol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, DBMD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Clin Infantil Robert Reid Cabral, Santo Domingo, Dominican Rep. RP Romero-Steiner, S (reprint author), CDCP, Immunol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, DBMD, MS A-36,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Romero-Steiner, Sandra/0000-0003-4128-7768 NR 24 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1115 EP 1119 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.6.1115-1119.2001 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 490EA UT WOS:000172036400014 PM 11687449 ER PT J AU Biagini, RE Krieg, EF Pinkerton, LE Hamilton, RG AF Biagini, RE Krieg, EF Pinkerton, LE Hamilton, RG TI Receiver operating characteristics analyses of food and drug administration-cleared serological assays for natural rubber latex-specific immunoglobulin E antibody SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALLERGY; PREVALENCE; SENSITIZATION; PHYSICIANS AB Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses to evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracy of Food and Drug Administration (510K)-cleared natural rubber latex (NRL)-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody immunoassays have not been performed using well-characterized skin-testing reagents. Sera were collected from 311 subjects (131 latex puncture skin test [PST] positive and 180 PST negative). All masked, coded sera were analyzed for latex-specific IgE antibodies in the Diagnostic Products Corporation microplate AlaSTAT, HYCOR RY-TEC RAST, and Pharmacia-Upjohn CAP System RAST FEIA (CAP). Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using GraphRoc for Windows software to construct and analyze ROC curves in relation to the subjects' PST status and the results of the immunoassays. The ROC areas under the curve (AUCs) +/- standard error based on PST for the, three diagnostic tests were 0.858 +/- 0.024, 0.869 +/- 0.024, and 0.924 +/- 0.017, respectively, for AlaSTAT, CAP, and HY-TEC. The HY-TEC system had a significantly greater AUC based on PST than those observed for AlaSTAT (P < 0.05) and CAP (P < 0.05) analyses. When the diagnostic tests were probed as to the cutoffs giving maximal diagnostic efficiency compared to PST, CAP and AlaSTAT yielded values of <0.35 kU of allergen IgE (kU(A))/liter,and <0.35 kU/liter while the HY-TEC assay yielded 0.11 kU/liter. The diagnostic efficiencies based on PST in our cohort at these cutoffs were 87.1, 88.1, and 88.7%, respectively. The HY-TEC assay had a significantly, greater AUC than CAP and AlaSTAT using PST as a diagnostic discriminator in our cohort. When the HY-TEC system was probed at its maximally efficient cutoff (0.11 kU/liter) versus HYCOR's recommended cutoff of 0.05 kU/liter, a loss of sensitivity of 8.4% was observed with a gain in specificity of 19.5%. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, CDCP, Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Ctr, Div Clin Immunol & Allergy, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. RP Biagini, RE (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, CDCP, Publ Hlth Serv,Dept Hlth & Human Serv, MS-C26,4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-31867]; NIEHS NIH HHS [Y02ES10189] NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1145 EP 1149 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.6.1145-1149.2001 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 490EA UT WOS:000172036400020 PM 11687455 ER PT J AU Candal, D Bulterys, M Abrams, EJ Steketee, RW Parekh, BS AF Candal, D Bulterys, M Abrams, EJ Steketee, RW Parekh, BS TI Efficacy of a less-sensitive enzyme immunoassay (3A11-LS) for early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in infants SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; HIV-1 INFECTION; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; ORAL ZIDOVUDINE; COTE-DIVOIRE; PREVENTION; ANTIBODY; COUNTRIES; THAILAND AB We evaluated a less-sensitive enzyme immunoassay (3A11-LS) for its possible use for early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in infants. The results were compared with those from the immunoglobulin G-capture enzyme immunoassay. A total of 239 sera from 77 infants were tested. All 25 sera from the 10 infants born to seronegative mothers were found to be negative by both assays. Forty-one seroreverting infants showed a complete decay of maternal antibodies by 4 months by the 3A11-LS assay. However, the assay detected HIV antibodies in only 9 (36%) of 25 sera collected from infected infants between 4 and 6 months and in 27 (63%) of 43 sera collected after 6 months of age. Further analysis with alternative cutoff values indicated that the 3A11-LS had a sensitivity of 12 to 44% and a specificity of 90 to 100% for infants between 4-6 months of age. This data suggest that a diagnosis of HIV infection in some of the infants could be made after 4 months of age by the 3A11-LS assay, although a negative 3A11-LS test result may not rule out infection and may require a further followup. C1 CDC, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, New York, NY 10037 USA. RP Parekh, BS (reprint author), CDC, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, NCID, Mailstop D12,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1282 EP 1285 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.6.1282-1285.2001 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 490EA UT WOS:000172036400043 PM 11687478 ER PT J AU Little, RR Rohlfing, CL Wiedmeyer, HM Myers, GL Sacks, DB Goldstein, DE AF Little, RR Rohlfing, CL Wiedmeyer, HM Myers, GL Sacks, DB Goldstein, DE CA NGSP Steering Comm TI The National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program: A five-year progress report SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INTERLABORATORY STANDARDIZATION; COLLEGE AB Background: The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) demonstrated conclusively that risks for complications in patients with diabetes are directly related to glycemic control, as measured by glycohemoglobin (GHB). In 1994, one year after the DCCT results were reported, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) set specific diabetes treatment goals. However, 1993 College of American Pathologists (CAP) Survey results indicated a lack of comparability of GHB test results among methods and laboratories that represented a major obstacle to meaningful implementation of the ADA guidelines. Thus, an AACC subcommittee was formed in 1993 to develop a standardization program that would enable laboratories to report DCCT-traceable GHB results. This program was implemented in 1996 by the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) Steering Committee. Approach: We review the NGSP process and summarize progress in standardization through analysis of CAP data. Content. Since 1996, the number of methods and laboratories certified by the NGSP as traceable to the DCCT has steadily increased. CAP GH2-B survey results reported in December 2000 show marked improvement over 1993 data in the comparability of GHB results. In 2000,90% of surveyed laboratories reported GHB results as hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) or equivalent, compared with 50% in 1993. Of laboratories reporting HbA(1c) in 2000, 78% used a NGSP-certified method. For most certified methods in 2000, between-laboratory CVs were <5%. For all certified methods in 2000, the mean percent HbA(1c) was within 0.8% HbA(1c) of the NGSP target at all HbA(1c) concentrations. Summary: The majority of laboratories in the US are now reporting results that are traceable to DCCT/UK-PDS outcomes. (C) 2001 American Association for Clinical Chemistry. C1 Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth f25, Div Sci Lab, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Pathol, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Little, RR (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Sch Med, Dept Child Hlth, Room M767,1 Hosp Dr, Columbia, MO 65212 USA. OI Little, Randie/0000-0001-6450-8012; Sacks, David/0000-0003-3100-0735 FU PHS HHS [200199900131] NR 21 TC 194 Z9 217 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 47 IS 11 BP 1985 EP 1992 PG 8 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 484UG UT WOS:000171707500009 PM 11673367 ER PT J AU Vesper, HW Smith, SJ Audain, C Myers, GL AF Vesper, HW Smith, SJ Audain, C Myers, GL TI Comparison study of urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline measurements in 13 US laboratories SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Letter ID PYRIDINIUM CROSS-LINKS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS; COLLAGEN C1 CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Vesper, HW (reprint author), CDC, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, MS F-25,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 47 IS 11 BP 2029 EP 2031 PG 3 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 484UG UT WOS:000171707500014 PM 11673372 ER PT J AU Strausbaugh, LJ Jernigan, DB Liedtke, LA AF Strausbaugh, LJ Jernigan, DB Liedtke, LA CA Infectious Dis Soc Amer Emerging I TI National shortages of antimicrobial agents: Results of 2 surveys from the Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In November 1999 and August 2000, the Infectious Diseases Society of America Emerging Infections Network (EIN) surveyed its members about shortages of antimicrobial agents in their hospitals and medical centers. Almost 90% of the members had encountered shortages of 1 or more agents in 1999. Of 496 respondents, 382 (77%) reported diminished supplies of penicillin G. Other agents in short supply included meropenem (38%), ticarcillin with or without clavulanate (24%), cefazolin (20%), gentamicin (50%), and nafcillin-oxacillin (13%). In 2000, 291 (60%) of 485 respondents reported shortages of penicillin G, but significantly fewer members had experienced a lack of other agents. In both surveys, members indicated that shortages had affected numerous therapeutic indications. In 1999, members estimated that shortages had affected thousands of patients. In 2000, they estimated that fewer patients were affected. The results of these 2 EIN surveys raise questions about the forces that govern the availability of these valuable therapeutic resources. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv P31D, Infect Dis Sect, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Res Serv, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Strausbaugh, LJ (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Med Serv P31D, Infect Dis Sect, POB 1034, Portland, OR 97207 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU112346] NR 9 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1495 EP 1501 DI 10.1086/323028 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 479PE UT WOS:000171412100008 PM 11588695 ER PT J AU Hajjeh, RA Warnock, DW AF Hajjeh, RA Warnock, DW TI Counterpoint: Invasive aspergillosis and the environment - Rethinking our approach to prevention SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; LAMINAR AIR-FLOW; HOSPITAL RENOVATION; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; INFECTIONS; FUMIGATUS; RECIPIENTS; RISK; CONSTRUCTION; FILTRATION AB Preventive measures are important in the control of invasive aspergillosis (IA) because diagnosis is difficult and the outcome of treatment is poor. If effective strategies are to be devised, it will be essential to have a clearer understanding of the sources and routes of transmission of Aspergillus species. Nosocomial outbreaks of IA highlight the fact that Aspergillus spores are common in the hospital environment. However, in general, such outbreaks are uncommon. Most cases of IA are sporadic in nature, and many of them are now being acquired outside of the hospital setting. Housing patients in high-energy particulate air-filtered hospital rooms helps prevent IA, but it is feasible and cost-effective only for the highest-risk groups and for limited periods. Control measures, which are designed to protect patients from exposure to spores outside the hospital, are even more difficult. Nevertheless, now that high-risk patients are spending more time outside of the hospital, the cost benefits of antifungal prophylaxis and other preventive measures require careful evaluation. C1 CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hajjeh, RA (reprint author), CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1549 EP 1552 DI 10.1086/322970 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 479PE UT WOS:000171412100017 PM 11568854 ER PT J AU Howard, D Cordell, R McGowan, JE Packard, RM Scott, RD Solomon, SL Elbasha, EH Gerberding, JL Meltzer, MI Weber, JT Rajbhandary, S Steinberg, JP Flanders, WD Florence, CS Roberts, R Weinstein, RA Goss, TF Song, XY Roghmann, MC Bradham, DD South, BR Bellm, LA Mulligan, MLE Porter, SB Teutsch, S Callahan, M Saint, S Rosenman, R Fraser, VJ AF Howard, D Cordell, R McGowan, JE Packard, RM Scott, RD Solomon, SL Elbasha, EH Gerberding, JL Meltzer, MI Weber, JT Rajbhandary, S Steinberg, JP Flanders, WD Florence, CS Roberts, R Weinstein, RA Goss, TF Song, XY Roghmann, MC Bradham, DD South, BR Bellm, LA Mulligan, MLE Porter, SB Teutsch, S Callahan, M Saint, S Rosenman, R Fraser, VJ CA Workshop Grp TI Measuring the economic costs of antimicrobial resistance in hospital settings: Summary of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - Emory workshop SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CARE; MORTALITY; OUTCOMES; SYSTEM AB Health systems administrators and clinicians need refined calculations of the attributable cost of infections due to drug-resistant microorganisms to develop and assess cost-effective prevention strategies that deal with these infections. To date, however, efforts to provide this information have yielded widely variable and often conflicting estimates. This lack of reproducibility is largely attributable to problems in study design and in the methods used to identify and measure costs. Addressing these methodological issues was the focus of a workshop that included participants from a broad range of backgrounds, including economics, epidemiology, health care management, health care outcomes research, and clinical care. This workshop summary presents the advantages and disadvantages of various research designs as well as particular methodological issues related to the measurement of the economic cost of resistance in health care settings. Suggestions are made for needed common definitions and approaches, study areas for future research are considered, and priority investigations are identified. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth 708, Ctr Study Hlth Culture & Soc, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Packard, RM (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth 708, Ctr Study Hlth Culture & Soc, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 20 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1573 EP 1578 DI 10.1086/323758 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 479PE UT WOS:000171412100020 PM 11577379 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD Folk, SM Shore, GM Machado, LJ Huycke, MM Slater, LN Liddell, AM Buller, RS Storch, GA Monson, TP Rimland, D Sumner, JW Singleton, J Bloch, KC Tang, YW Standaert, SM Childs, JE AF Paddock, CD Folk, SM Shore, GM Machado, LJ Huycke, MM Slater, LN Liddell, AM Buller, RS Storch, GA Monson, TP Rimland, D Sumner, JW Singleton, J Bloch, KC Tang, YW Standaert, SM Childs, JE TI Infections with Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia ewingii in persons coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; UNITED-STATES; NORTH-CAROLINA; HIV-INFECTION; AIDS; PATIENT; SURVEILLANCE; MIGRATION; CLONING; SPREAD AB The clinical course and laboratory evaluation of 21 patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Ehrlichia chaffeensis or Ehrlichia ewingii are reviewed and summarized, including 13 cases of ehrlichiosis caused by E. chaffeensis, 4 caused by E. ewingii, and 4 caused by either E. chaffeensis or E. ewingii. Twenty patients were male, and the median CD4(+) T lymphocyte count was 137 cells/muL. Exposures to infecting ticks were linked to recreational pursuits, occupations, and peridomestic activities. For 8 patients, a diagnosis of ehrlichiosis was not considered until greater than or equal to4 days after presentation. Severe manifestations occurred more frequently among patients infected with E. chaffeensis than they did among patients infected with E. ewingii, and all 6 deaths were caused by E. chaffeensis. Ehrlichiosis may be a life-threatening illness in HIV-infected persons, and the influence of multiple factors, including recent changes in the epidemiology and medical management of HIV infection, may increase the frequency with which ehrlichioses occur in this patient cohort. C1 CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Tallahassee Community Hosp, Tallahassee, FL USA. St Vincents Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Jacksonville, FL USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Univ Arkansas Med Sci, Dept Med, Infect Dis Sect, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Med Infect Dis, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Div Infect Dis, Nashville, TN USA. RP Paddock, CD (reprint author), CDCP, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-13,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 51 TC 94 Z9 101 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 9 BP 1586 EP 1594 DI 10.1086/323981 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 479PE UT WOS:000171412100022 PM 11568857 ER PT J AU Rolka, DB Nayayan, KMV Thompson, TJ Goldman, D Lindenmayer, J Alich, K Bacall, D Benjamin, EM Lamb, B Stuart, DO Engelgau, MM AF Rolka, DB Nayayan, KMV Thompson, TJ Goldman, D Lindenmayer, J Alich, K Bacall, D Benjamin, EM Lamb, B Stuart, DO Engelgau, MM TI Performance of recommended screening tests for undiagnosed diabetes and dysglycemia SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID FASTING PLASMA-GLUCOSE; MELLITUS; ADULTS; NIDDM; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK AB OBJECTIVE - To evaluate the performance, in settings typical Of Opportunistic and community screening programs, of screening tests currently recommended by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) for detecting undiagnosed diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Volunteers aged greater than or equal to 20 years without previously diagnosed diabetes (n = 1,471) completed a brief questionnaire and underwent recording of postprandial time and measurement of capillary blood glucose (CBG) with a portable sensor. Participants subsequently underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test; fasting serum glucose (FSG) and 2-h postload serum glucose (2-h SG) concentrations were measured, The screening tests we studied included the ADA risk assessment questionnaire, the recommended CBG cut point of 140 mg/dl, and an alternative CBG cut point of 120 mg/dl. Each screening test was evaluated against several diagnostic criteria for diabetes (FSG greater than or equal to 126 mg/dl, 2-h SG greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl, or either) and dysglycemia (FSG greater than or equal to 110 mg/dl, 2-h SG greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl, or either). RESULTS - Among all participants, 10.7% had undiagnosed diabetes (FSG greater than or equal to 126 or 2-h SG greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl), 52.1% had a positive result on the questionnaire, 9.5% had CBG greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl, and 18.4% had CBG greater than or equal to 120 mg/dl. The questionnaire was 72-78% sensitive and 50-51% specific for the three diabetes diagnostic criteria; CBG greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl was 56-65% sensitive and 95-96% specific, and CBG greater than or equal to 120 mg/dl was 75-84% sensitive and 86-90% specific, CBG greater than or equal to 120 mg/dl was 44-62%. sensitive and 89-90% specific for dysglycemia. CONCLUSIONS- Low specificity may limit the usefulness of the ADA questionnaire. Lowering the cut point for a casual CBG test (e.g_ to 120 mg/dl) may improve sensitivity and still provide adequate specificity. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Rhode Isl Dept Hlth, Providence, RI 02908 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Baystate Med Ctr, Springfield, MA USA. Robeson Hlth Care Corp, Fairmont, NC USA. RP Rolka, DB (reprint author), Mailstop K-10,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 22 TC 89 Z9 91 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2001 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1899 EP 1903 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.11.1899 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 488LZ UT WOS:000171937800009 PM 11679454 ER PT J AU Boyle, JP Honeycutt, AA Narayan, KMV Hoerger, TJ Geiss, LS Chen, H Thompson, TJ AF Boyle, JP Honeycutt, AA Narayan, KMV Hoerger, TJ Geiss, LS Chen, H Thompson, TJ TI Projection of diabetes burden through 2050 - Impact of changing demography and disease prevalence in the US SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; ADULTS AB OBJECTIVE - To project the number of people with diagnosed diabetes in the U.S. through 2050, accounting for changing demography and diabetes prevalence rates.,, RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - We combined age-, sex-, and race-specific diagnosed diabetes prevalence rates-predicted from 1980-1998 trends in prevalence data from the National Health Interview Survey-with Bureau of Census population demographic projections. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying both prevalence rate and population projections. RESULTS - The number of Americans with diagnosed diabetes is projected to increase 165%, from 11 million in 2000 (prevalence of 4.0%) to 29 million in 2050 (prevalence of 7.2%). The largest percent increase in diagnosed diabetes will be among those aged greater than or equal to 75 years (+271% in women and +437% in men). The fastest growing ethnic group with diagnosed diabetes is expected to be black males (+363% rom 2000-2050), with black ema. males (+148%), and white females (+107%) following. Of the projected 18 million increase in the number of cases of diabetes in 2050, 37% are due to changes in demographic composition, 27% are due to population growth, and 36% are due to increasing prevalence rates. CONCLUSIONS - If recent trends in diabetes prevalence rates continue linearly over the next 50 years, future changes in the size and demographic characteristics of the U.S. population will lead to dramatic increases in the number of Americans with diagnosed diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Boyle, JP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 15 TC 509 Z9 531 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2001 VL 24 IS 11 BP 1936 EP 1940 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.11.1936 PG 5 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 488LZ UT WOS:000171937800015 PM 11679460 ER PT J AU Harwell, TS Dettori, N Flook, BN Priest, L Williamson, DF Helgerson, SD Gohdes, D AF Harwell, TS Dettori, N Flook, BN Priest, L Williamson, DF Helgerson, SD Gohdes, D TI Preventing type 2 diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter C1 Montana Dept Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Helena, MT 59620 USA. Pk Cty Diabet Project, Livingston, MT USA. NW Resource Consultants, Helena, MT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Harwell, TS (reprint author), Montana Dept Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Cogswell Bldg,C-317,POB 202951, Helena, MT 59620 USA. FU PHS HHS [U32/CCU815663-03, DO4RH 00259-0] NR 3 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2001 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2007 EP 2008 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.11.2007 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 488LZ UT WOS:000171937800035 PM 11679480 ER PT J AU Fagot-Campagna, A Gary, TL Benjamin, SM AF Fagot-Campagna, A Gary, TL Benjamin, SM TI Cardiovascular risk in diabetes - A story of missed opportunities? SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter ID HEALTH INTERVIEW SURVEY; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; US; ADULTS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Benjamin, SM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, 4770 Buford Highway,NE MS-K68, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD NOV PY 2001 VL 24 IS 11 BP 2015 EP 2016 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.11.2015 PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 488LZ UT WOS:000171937800044 PM 11679489 ER PT J AU Jernigan, JA Stephens, DS Ashford, DA Omenaca, C Topiel, MS Galbraith, M Tapper, M Fisk, TL Zaki, S Popovic, T Meyer, RF Quinn, CP Harper, SA Fridkin, SK Sejvar, JJ Shepard, CW McConnell, M Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Malecki, JM Gerberding, JL Hughes, JM Perkins, BA AF Jernigan, JA Stephens, DS Ashford, DA Omenaca, C Topiel, MS Galbraith, M Tapper, M Fisk, TL Zaki, S Popovic, T Meyer, RF Quinn, CP Harper, SA Fridkin, SK Sejvar, JJ Shepard, CW McConnell, M Guarner, J Shieh, WJ Malecki, JM Gerberding, JL Hughes, JM Perkins, BA CA Anthrax Bioterrorism Investigation TI Bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax: The first 10 cases reported in the United States SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID OUTBREAK AB From October 4 to November 2, 2001, the first 10 confirmed cases of inhalational anthrax caused by intentional release of Bacillus anthracis were identified in the United States. Epidemiologic investigation indicated that the outbreak, in the District of Columbia, Florida, New Jersey, and New York, resulted from intentional delivery of B. anthracis spores through mailed letters or packages. We describe the clinical presentation and course of these cases of bioterrorism-related inhalational anthrax. The median age of patients was 56 years (range 43 to 73 years), 70% were male, and except for one, all were known or believed to have processed, handled, or received letters containing B. anthracis spores. The median incubation period from the time of exposure to onset of symptoms, when known (n=6), was 4 days (range 4-6 days). Symptoms at initial presentation included fever or chills (n=10), sweats (n=7), fatigue or malaise (n=10), minimal or nonproductive cough (n=9), dyspnea (n=8), and nausea or vomiting (n=9). The median white blood cell count was 9.8 X 10(3) /mm(3) (range 7.5 to 13.3), often with increased neutrophils and band forms. Nine patients had elevated serum transaminase levels, and six were hypoxic. All 10 patients had abnormal chest X-rays; abnormalities included infiltrates (n=7), pleural effusion (n=8), and mediastinal widening (seven patients). Computed tomography of the chest was performed on eight patients, and mediastinal lymphadenopathy was present in seven. With multidrug antibiotic regimens and supportive care, survival of patients (60%) was markedly higher (< 15%) than previously reported. C1 CDC, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Cedars Sinai Med Ctr, Miami, FL USA. Virtua Hlth, Mt Holly, NJ USA. Winchester Med Ctr, Winchester, VA USA. Lenox Hill Hosp, New York, NY USA. Palm Beach Cty Dept Publ Hlth, W Palm Beach, FL USA. RP Jernigan, JA (reprint author), CDC, NCID, Mail Stop E68,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 24 TC 565 Z9 579 U1 7 U2 37 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 933 EP 944 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 495JR UT WOS:000172337900004 PM 11747719 ER PT J AU Martin, M Weld, LH Tsai, TF Mootrey, GT Chen, RT Niu, M Cetron, MS AF Martin, M Weld, LH Tsai, TF Mootrey, GT Chen, RT Niu, M Cetron, MS CA GeoSentinel Yellow Fever Working G TI Advanced age a risk factor for illness temporally associated with yellow fever vaccination SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; VIRUS; POLIOMYELITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; DISEASE; DECADE AB In 1998, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was notified of severe illnesses and one death, temporally associated with yellow fever (YF) vaccination, in two elderly U.S. residents. Because the cases were unusual and adverse events following YF vaccination had not been studied, we estimated age-related reporting rates for systemic illness following YF vaccination. We found that the rate of reported adverse events among elderly vaccinees was higher than among vaccinees 25 to 44 years of age. We also found two additional deaths among elderly YF vaccinees. These data signal a potential problem but are not sufficient to reliably estimate incidence rates or to understand potential underlying mechanisms; therefore, enhanced surveillance is needed. YF remains an important cause of severe illness and death, and travel to disease-endemic regions is increasing. For elderly travelers, the risk for severe illness and death due to YF infection should be balanced against the risk for systemic illness due to YF vaccine. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat, Rockville, MD USA. RP Cetron, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Global Migrat & Quarantine, Mailstop E03,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 78 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 945 EP 951 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 495JR UT WOS:000172337900005 PM 11747720 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI Damon, I LeDuc, JW Millar, JD AF Meltzer, MI Damon, I LeDuc, JW Millar, JD TI Modeling potential responses to smallpox as a bioterrorist weapon SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ATTACK AB We constructed a mathematical model to describe the spread of smallpox after a deliberate release of the virus. Assuming 100 persons initially infected and 3 persons infected per infectious person, quarantine alone could stop disease transmission but would require a minimum daily removal rate of 50% of those with overt symptoms. Vaccination would stop the outbreak within 365 days after release only if disease transmission were reduced to greater than or equal to0.85 persons infected per infectious person. A combined vaccination and quarantine campaign could stop an outbreak if a daily quarantine rate of 25% were achieved and vaccination reduced smallpox transmission by greater than or equal to 33%. In such a scenario, approximately 4,200 cases would occur and 365 days would be needed to stop the outbreak. Historical data indicate that a median of 2,155 smallpox vaccine doses per case were given to stop outbreaks, implying that a stockpile of 40 million doses should be adequate. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Don Millar & Associates Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Mailstop D-59,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 133 Z9 138 U1 1 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 959 EP 969 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 495JR UT WOS:000172337900007 PM 11747722 ER PT J AU Breuer, T Benkel, DH Shapiro, RL Hall, WN Winnett, MM Linn, MJ Neimann, J Barrett, TJ Dietrich, S Downes, FP Toney, DM Pearson, JL Rolka, H Slutsker, L Griffin, PM AF Breuer, T Benkel, DH Shapiro, RL Hall, WN Winnett, MM Linn, MJ Neimann, J Barrett, TJ Dietrich, S Downes, FP Toney, DM Pearson, JL Rolka, H Slutsker, L Griffin, PM CA Investigation Team TI A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections linked to alfalfa sprouts grown from contaminated seeds SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; SALMONELLA; 0157-H7 AB A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections occurred in the United States in June and July 1997. Two concurrent outbreaks were investigated through independent case-control studies in Michigan and Virginia and by subtyping isolates with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Isolates from 85 persons were indistinguishable by PFGE. Alfalfa sprouts were the only exposure associated with E. coli O157:H7 infection in both Michigan and Virginia. Seeds used for sprouting were traced back to one common lot harvested in Idaho. New subtyping tools such as PFGE used in this investigation are essential to link isolated infections to a single outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA USA. Virginia Div Consolidated Lab Serv, Richmond, VA USA. RP Breuer, T (reprint author), Robert Koch Inst, Infect Dis Epidemiol Sect, Stresemannstr 90-102, D-10963 Berlin, Germany. EM breuert@rki.de NR 21 TC 98 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 12 PU CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA 1600 CLIFTON RD, ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 977 EP 982 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 495JR UT WOS:000172337900009 PM 11747724 ER PT J AU Eisenberg, JNS Priest, JW Lammie, PJ Colford, JM AF Eisenberg, JNS Priest, JW Lammie, PJ Colford, JM TI The serologic response to Cryptosporidium in HIV-infected persons: Implications for epidemiologic research SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ANTIBODY-RESPONSE; AIDS PATIENTS; ANTIGENS; CONNECTICUT; PREVALENCE; SURVIVAL; OUTBREAK; DISEASE AB Advances in serologic assays for Cryptosporidium parvum have made serology an attractive surveillance tool. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of these new assays for surveillance of immunocompromised populations, however, have not been reported. Using stored serum specimens collected for the San Francisco Men's Health Study, we conducted a case-control study with 11 clinically confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis. Based on assays using a 27-kDa antigen (CP23), the serum specimens from cases had a median response immunoglobulin (Ig) G level following clinical diagnosis (1,334) and a net response (433, change in IgG level from baseline) that were significantly higher than their respective control values (329 and -32, Wilcoxon p value = 0.01). Receiver operator curves estimated a cutoff of 625 U as the optimal sensitivity (0.86 [0.37, 1.0]) and specificity (0.86 [0.37, 1.0]) for predicting Cryptosporidium infection. These data suggest that the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique can be an effective epidemiologic tool to monitor Cryptosporidium infection in immunocompromised populations. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eisenberg, JNS (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Sch Publ Hlth, 140 Warren Hall,MC 7360, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CCU9155546-03] NR 20 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1004 EP 1009 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 495JR UT WOS:000172337900014 PM 11747729 ER PT J AU Hageman, JC Pegues, DA Jepson, C Bell, RL Guinan, M Ward, KW Cohen, MD Hindler, JA Tenover, FC McAllister, SK Kellum, ME Fridkin, SK AF Hageman, JC Pegues, DA Jepson, C Bell, RL Guinan, M Ward, KW Cohen, MD Hindler, JA Tenover, FC McAllister, SK Kellum, ME Fridkin, SK TI Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus in a home health-care patient SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB In June 2000, vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) was isolated from a 27-year-old home health-care patient following a complicated cholecystectomy. Two VISA strains were identified with identical MICs to all antimicrobials tested except oxacillin and with closely related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types. The patient was treated successfully with antimicrobial therapy, biliary drainage, and reconstruction. Standard precautions in the home health setting appear successful in preventing transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Med Ctr, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Clark County Hlth Dist, Las Vegas, NV USA. Nevada State Hlth Div, Carson City, NV USA. RP Hageman, JC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Mailstop A35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1023 EP 1025 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 495JR UT WOS:000172337900018 PM 11747733 ER PT J AU Mangione, EJ Huitt, G Lenaway, D Beebe, J Bailey, A Figoski, M Rau, MP Albrecht, KD Yakrus, MA AF Mangione, EJ Huitt, G Lenaway, D Beebe, J Bailey, A Figoski, M Rau, MP Albrecht, KD Yakrus, MA TI Nontuberculous mycobacterial disease following hot tub exposure SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID AVIUM COMPLEX INFECTION; HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; PULMONARY-DISEASE; CLINICAL-FEATURES; WATER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INTRACELLULARE; ELECTROPHORESIS; COLONIZATION; OUTBREAK AB Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been recognized as an important cause of disease in immunocompromised hosts. Pulmonary disease caused by NTM is increasingly recognized in previously healthy persons. Investigation of pulmonary disease affecting a family of five identified an indoor hot tub as the source of NTM-related disease. C1 Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Dis Control & Environm Epidemiol Div, Denver, CO 80246 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO USA. Boulder Cty Hlth Dept, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Family Med, Boulder, CO USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mangione, EJ (reprint author), Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Dis Control & Environm Epidemiol Div, 4300 Cherry Creek Dr S, Denver, CO 80246 USA. NR 31 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1039 EP 1042 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 495JR UT WOS:000172337900023 PM 11747738 ER PT J AU Cummings, K Barrett, E Mohle-Boetani, JC Brooks, JT Farrar, J Hunt, T Fiore, A Komatsu, K Werner, SB Slutsker, L AF Cummings, K Barrett, E Mohle-Boetani, JC Brooks, JT Farrar, J Hunt, T Fiore, A Komatsu, K Werner, SB Slutsker, L TI A multistate outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype baildon associated with domestic raw tomatoes SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONTEVIDEO; GROWTH AB Salmonella enterica serotype Baildon, a rare serotype, was recovered from 86 persons in eight states; 87% of illnesses began during a 3-week period ending January 9, 1999. Raw restaurant-prepared tomatoes were implicated in multiple case-control studies. Contamination likely occurred on the farm or during packing; more effective disinfection and prevention strategies are needed. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Sacramento, CA USA. US FDA, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. RP Cummings, K (reprint author), Div Communicable Dis Control, Dis Invest Sect, 2151 Berkeley Way,Room 708, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. NR 15 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1046 EP 1048 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 495JR UT WOS:000172337900025 PM 11747740 ER PT J AU Favoretto, SR de Mattos, CC Morais, NB Araujo, FAA de Mattos, CA AF Favoretto, SR de Mattos, CC Morais, NB Araujo, FAA de Mattos, CA TI Rabies in marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), Ceara, Brazil SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID VIRUS; TRANSMISSION; SEQUENCE AB A new Rabies virus variant, with no close antigenic or genetic relationship to any known rabies variants found in bats or terrestrial mammals in the Americas, was identified in association with human rabies cases reported from the state of Ceara, Brazil, from 1991 to 1998. The marmoset, Callithrix jacchus jacchus, was determined to be the source of exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Pasteur Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Ministerio Saude, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. RP de Mattos, CA (reprint author), CDCP, Viral Rickettsial Zoonosis Branch, Div Viral Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 6 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 7 IS 6 BP 1062 EP 1065 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 495JR UT WOS:000172337900030 PM 11747745 ER PT J AU Schnorr, TM Lawson, CC Whelan, EA Dankovic, DA Deddens, JA Piacitelli, LA Reefhuis, J Sweeney, MH Connally, LB Fingerhut, MA AF Schnorr, TM Lawson, CC Whelan, EA Dankovic, DA Deddens, JA Piacitelli, LA Reefhuis, J Sweeney, MH Connally, LB Fingerhut, MA TI Spontaneous abortion, sex ratio, and paternal occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE 2,3,7,8-TCDD; dioxin; occupation; paternal exposure; serum dioxin levels; sex ratio; spontaneous abortion ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; SERUM LEVELS; WORKERS; DIOXIN; 2,3,7,8-TCDD; VETERANS; CHEMICALS; OUTCOMES; VIETNAM; DEFECTS AB There is conflicting research regarding an association between fetal death and paternal exposure to Agent Orange, a phenoxy herbicide widely used in Vietnam that was contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). Men who worked in the U.S. factories that produced Agent Orange were exposed to TCDD at levels hundreds of times higher than TCDD levels in the general population. Wives of TCDD-exposed chemical workers and wives of nonexposed neighborhood referents were interviewed to determine reproductive history. Paternal serum TCDD level at time of conception was estimated for each pregnancy using serum samples taken in 1987. Estimated TCDD levels of workers during or after exposure were high (median, 254 ppt; range, 3-16,340 ppt) compared to referent levels (median, 6 ppt; range, 2-19 ppt). No association between paternal TCDD level at the time of conception and spontaneous abortion was observed among pregnancies fathered by workers with TCDD levels of < 20 ppt [odds ratio (OR) = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.48-1.221, 20 to < 255 ppt (OR = 0.81; 95% Cl, 0.40-1.63), 255 to < 1,120, (OR = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.30-1.58), and greater than or equal to 1,120 ppt (OR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.42-2.17) compared to pregnancies fathered by referents. The sex ratio [males/(males + females)] of offspring also did not differ by TCDD exposure (0.53 and 0.54 among workers and referents, respectively). We did not find an association between paternal serum TCDD level and spontaneous abortion or sex ratio of offspring in this population. The estimated TCDD levels in this exposed worker population were much higher than in other studies, providing additional evidence that paternal TCDD exposure does not increase the risk of spontaneous abortion at levels above those observed in the general population, The study could not evaluate the effect of father's childhood or prenatal TCDD exposure on subsequent sex ratio. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Schnorr, TM (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Reefhuis, Jennita/E-1793-2011 OI Reefhuis, Jennita/0000-0002-4747-4831 NR 27 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 4 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 109 IS 11 BP 1127 EP 1132 DI 10.2307/3454859 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 501EB UT WOS:000172668900023 PM 11712997 ER PT J AU Thomas, AR Marcus, M Zhang, RH Blanck, HM Tolbert, PE Hertzberg, V Henderson, AK Rubin, C AF Thomas, AR Marcus, M Zhang, RH Blanck, HM Tolbert, PE Hertzberg, V Henderson, AK Rubin, C TI Breast-feeding among women exposed to polybrominated biphenyls in Michigan SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE human milk; infants; lactation; pregnancy; polychlorinated biphenyls; polybrominated biphenyls ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PBB COHORT; HUMAN-MILK; LACTATION; DURATION; SERUM; PCBS; DDE AB In the early 1970s, the largest industrial accident in the United States resulted in widespread contamination of the food supply in Michigan with polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs). The chemical similarity of PBBs to compounds implicated as endocrine disruptors has raised the question of whether PBBs could affect the reproductive system. In the present analysis we examine the relation between serum measurements of PBBs and the frequency and duration of lactation. Persons who lived on or received food from farms exposed to PBBs were enrolled in a registry by the Michigan Department of Public Health. Female members of the cohort were invited to participate in a telephone survey of reproductive outcomes. The three outcomes of interest in the present analysis were a) the decision to breast-feed (yes/no); b) the duration, in months, of breast-feeding as the main source of nutrition; and c) the total duration, in months, of breastfeeding. None of the three outcomes was significantly associated with serum PBB levels, even after controlling for maternal age, previous history of breast-feeding, body mass index, maternal education, household income, history of smoking in the year before pregnancy, consumption of alcohol during the first trimester of pregnancy, history of thyroid disorder, gestational age of the infant in weeks, time to pregnancy, and year of birth. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Div Biol & Biomed Sci, Nutr & Hlth Sci Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Marcus, M (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Tolbert, Paige/A-5676-2015 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [R01 ES08341-01]; PHS HHS [U37/CCU500392] NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 9 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 109 IS 11 BP 1133 EP 1137 DI 10.2307/3454860 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 501EB UT WOS:000172668900024 PM 11712998 ER PT J AU Trout, DB AF Trout, DB TI Bioaerosol lung damage: Trout's response SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Letter ID HYPERSENSITIVITY PNEUMONITIS; CONTAMINATION C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Trout, DB (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 109 IS 11 BP A516 EP A517 DI 10.1289/ehp.109-a516b PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 501EB UT WOS:000172668900003 ER PT J AU Ward, E Boffetta, P Andersen, A Colin, D Comba, P Deddens, JA De Santis, M Engholm, G Hagmar, L Langard, S Lundberg, I McElvenny, D Pirastu, R Sali, D Simonato, L AF Ward, E Boffetta, P Andersen, A Colin, D Comba, P Deddens, JA De Santis, M Engholm, G Hagmar, L Langard, S Lundberg, I McElvenny, D Pirastu, R Sali, D Simonato, L TI Update of the follow-up of mortality and cancer incidence among European workers employed in the vinyl chloride industry SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dose response relation; epidemiology; liver angiosarcoma; liver cancer; vinyl chloride ID POLYVINYL-CHLORIDE; UNITED-STATES; GREAT-BRITAIN; EXPOSURE; LIVER; MONOMER; ANGIOSARCOMA; MORBIDITY; MANUFACTURE; TOXICITY AB Although vinyl chloride is an established cause of liver angiosarcoma, the evidence is inconclusive on whether it also causes other neoplastic and nonneoplastic chronic liver diseases as well as neoplasms in other organs. Furthermore, the shape of the dose-response relation for angiosarcoma is uncertain. We have extended for approximately 8 years the mortality and cancer incidence follow-up of 12,700 mate workers in the vinyl chloride industry in four European countries. All-cause mortality was lower than expected, whereas cancer mortality was close to expected. A total of 53 deaths from primary liver cancer (standardized mortality ratio 2.40, 95% confidence interval = 1.80-3.14) and 18 incident cases of liver cancer were identified, including 37 angiosarcomas, 10 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 24 liver cancers of other and unknown histology. In Poisson regression analyses we observed a marked exposure response for all liver cancers, angiosarcoma, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The exposure-response trend estimated for liver cancer in analyses restricted to cohort members with cumulative exposures of < 1,500 parts per million-years was close to that estimated for the full cohort (relative risk of 2.0 per logarithmic unit of cumulative dose). No strong relation was observed between cumulative vinyl chloride exposure and other cancers. Although cirrhosis mortality was decreased overall, there was a trend with cumulative exposure. C1 Int Agcy Res Canc, Unit Environm Canc Epidemiol, F-69008 Lyon, France. NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Canc Registry Norway, Oslo, Norway. NIH, Unit Environm Hyg, Rome, Italy. Natl Board Hlth & Welf, Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Lund Hosp, Dept Occupat & Environm Med, S-22185 Lund, Sweden. Univ Oslo, Natl Hosp, Ctr Occupat & Environm Med, Oslo, Norway. Karolinska Hosp, Dept Occupat Hlth, S-10401 Stockholm, Sweden. Hlth & Safety Execut, Epidemiol & Med Stat Unit, Bootle, Merseyside, England. Univ Roma La Sapienza, Rome, Italy. Venetian Canc Registry, Padua, Italy. RP Boffetta, P (reprint author), Int Agcy Res Canc, Unit Environm Canc Epidemiol, 150 Cours Albert Thomas, F-69008 Lyon, France. NR 45 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 16 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD NOV PY 2001 VL 12 IS 6 BP 710 EP 718 DI 10.1097/00001648-200111000-00021 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 485CT UT WOS:000171736500020 PM 11679801 ER PT J AU Aidoo, M Mcelroy, PD Kolczak, MS Terlouw, DJ ter Kuile, FO Nahlen, B Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V AF Aidoo, M Mcelroy, PD Kolczak, MS Terlouw, DJ ter Kuile, FO Nahlen, B Lal, AA Udhayakumar, V TI Tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter variant 2 (TNF2) is associated with pre-term delivery, infant mortality, and malaria morbidity in western Kenya: Asenibo Bay Cohort project IX SO GENETIC EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polymorphism; malaria; premature birth ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; PRETERM DELIVERY; CEREBRAL MALARIA; GENE PROMOTER; POLYMORPHISM; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTIONS; REGION; RISK AB A polymorphism in the promoter region of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) gene, with a guanine to adenine nucleotide change at position -308, TNF2 is associated with increased TNF-alpha production. TNF2 homozygotes have a higher risk of severe disease and/or death due to cerebral malaria and other infectious diseases. We investigated the impact of this allele on malaria morbidity and mortality in young children who participated in an immuno-epidemiologic cohort study of malaria in an area of intense perennial Plasmodium falciparum transmission in western Kenya. A total of 1,048 children were genotyped. Poisson regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the relationship between TNF-308 variants and morbidity and mortality. The gene frequencies of the TNF1 and TNF2 alleles were 0.90 and 0.10, respectively. TNF2 homozygosity was associated with pre-term birth when compared with TNF1 homozygotes [relative risk (RR) 7.3, 95% CI, 2.85-18.9, P=0.002) and heterozygotes (RR 6.7, 95% CI 2.0-23.0, P=0.008). Among children born prematurely, the TNF2 allele was significantly associated with a higher risk of death in infancy compared with TNF1 (RR 7.47, 95% CI 2.36-23.6). The risk of death was higher among TNF2 homozygotes than among heterozygotes. The TNF2 allele was significantly associated with high density P falciparum parasitemia (RR 1.11, 95% CI 1.0-1.24). Among low birth weight children, the TNF2 allele was associated with severe anemia (RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.17-4.01) and showed a trend toward a risk for severe malaria anemia (RR 1.99, 95% CI 0.89-4.46). These data suggest that TNF2 is a risk factor for pre-term birth and early childhood mortality and malaria morbidity in children in this region. Further understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this association is required. Genet. Epidemiol. 21:201-211, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. Amsterdam Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis Trop Med & AIDS, Amsterdam, Netherlands. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 34 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0741-0395 J9 GENET EPIDEMIOL JI Genet. Epidemiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1002/gepi.1029 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Genetics & Heredity; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA 485GC UT WOS:000171744300002 PM 11668577 ER PT J AU Yoon, PW Chen, B Faucett, A Clyne, M Gwinn, M Lubin, IM Burke, W Khoury, MJ AF Yoon, PW Chen, B Faucett, A Clyne, M Gwinn, M Lubin, IM Burke, W Khoury, MJ TI Public health impact of genetic tests at the end of the 20th century SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE genes; genetic tests; public health AB Purpose: To evaluate genetics tests available for clinical, research, and public health purposes in terms of their public health impact as measured by the number of people who could potentially be tested. Methods: Genetic tests for the 751 inherited diseases or conditions listed in the GeneTests database as of November 2000, were classified on the basis of their use for population-based testing and the prevalence of the disease or condition being tested. The GeneTests database divides the tests into two groups: those offered for clinical use and those available for research only. Results: Of the 423 clinical tests, 51 had potentially greater impact on public health because of their use in statewide newborn screening programs, other population screening programs, or testing for common diseases with a prevalence over 1 in 2,000 people. Among the 328 tests performed for research purposes only, 18 met the criteria for potentially greater public health impact. Conclusions: Our classification scheme indicated that fewer than 10% of the genetic tests listed in the GeneTests database at the end of 2000 are highly relevant to public health. The majority of genetic tests are used in diagnosis and/or genetic counseling for rare, single-gene disorders in a limited number of people. However, as more tests are being considered for newborn screening, and associations between genes and common diseases are being discovered, the impact of genetic testing on public health is likely to increase. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Lab Syst, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Sch Med, Seattle, WA USA. RP Yoon, PW (reprint author), CDC, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, NCEH, MS K-28,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 13 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 3 IS 6 BP 405 EP 410 DI 10.1097/00125817-200111000-00005 PG 6 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 497LT UT WOS:000172457500005 PM 11715004 ER PT J AU Dobos, KM Small, PL Deslauriers, M Quinn, FD King, H AF Dobos, KM Small, PL Deslauriers, M Quinn, FD King, H TI Mycobacterium ulcerans cytotoxicity in an adipose cell model SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID TOXIN; TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOLACTONE; INFECTION; PROTEIN; GROWTH AB An adipose cell (SW872) model was developed to observe cellular necrosis and apoptosis upon Mycobacterium ulcerans infection and treatment with mycobacterial exudate. Apoptosis was likely due to secreted proteins, while necrosis was likely due to mycolactone. Our data suggest that additional factors in AT. ulcerans may be involved in Buruli ulcer pathogenesis. C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Microbiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dobos, KM (reprint author), Mayo Clin Scottsdale, SC Johnson Res Bldg,13400 E Shea Blvd, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA. RI Dobos, Karen/D-1170-2017 OI Dobos, Karen/0000-0001-7115-8524 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U50/CC416560-01] NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 69 IS 11 BP 7182 EP 7186 DI 10.1128/IAI.69.11.7182-7186.2001 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 485DX UT WOS:000171739200077 PM 11598099 ER PT J AU Tudor-Locke, C Ainsworth, BE Whitt, MC Thompson, RW Addy, CL Jones, DA AF Tudor-Locke, C Ainsworth, BE Whitt, MC Thompson, RW Addy, CL Jones, DA TI The relationship between pedometer-determined ambulatory activity and body composition variables SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY LA English DT Article DE pedometer; walking ID TIME PHYSICAL-ACTIVITY; ENERGY-EXPENDITURE; CHILDREN; QUESTIONNAIRE; OVERWEIGHT; WOMEN; MASS; RELIABILITY; VALIDATION; PREVENTION AB OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between pedometer-determined ambulatory activity (steps/day) and body composition variables body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat). DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional objective activity monitoring study for up to 21 consecutive days. SUBJECTS: A total of 109 apparently healthy adults (eight African American males, 23 African-American females, 33 Caucasian males, 45 Caucasian females), age 44.9 +/- 15.8 y, BMI = 26.9 +/- 5.1 kg /m(2). MEASUREMENTS: Pedometer-assessed ambulatory activity (steps/day), height and weight, and percentage body fat by bioelectrical impedance. RESULTS: Analyzed as both a continuous and a categorical variable (determined using 25th and 75th percentiles for distribution for steps/day), ambulatory activity was consistently related to body composition variables. Steps/day was inversely correlated with BMI and percentage body fat (r = -0.30, and r = -0.27, respectively, both P < 0.01). The consistency of the relationship was also evident when examined using accepted BMI cut-off points for normal-weight, overweight, and obese categories. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals in this small sample with values greater than approximately 9000 steps/day are more frequently classified as normal weight for height. Individuals with values less than approximately 5000 steps/day are more frequently classified as obese. These findings require further corroborative investigation but provide preliminary cutoff points for identifying individuals at risk who may benefit from appropriate physical activity intervention. C1 Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Exercise Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Ctr Cin Epidemiol & Biostat, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Phys Act & Nutr, Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tudor-Locke, C (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Prevent Res Ctr, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RI Schmoelz, Camilie/D-1707-2012 OI Schmoelz, Camilie/0000-0003-2221-9954 FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U48/CCU409664] NR 54 TC 120 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0307-0565 J9 INT J OBESITY JI Int. J. Obes. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 25 IS 11 BP 1571 EP 1578 DI 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801783 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 486QR UT WOS:000171828900001 PM 11753573 ER PT J AU Lo Presti, F Riffard, S Meugnier, H Reyrolle, M Lasne, Y Grimont, PAD Grimont, F Benson, RF Brenner, DJ Steigerwalt, AG Etienne, J Freney, J AF Lo Presti, F Riffard, S Meugnier, H Reyrolle, M Lasne, Y Grimont, PAD Grimont, F Benson, RF Brenner, DJ Steigerwalt, AG Etienne, J Freney, J TI Legionella gresilensis sp nov and Legionella beliardensis sp nov, isolated from water in France SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Legionella gresilensis sp nov.; Legionella beliardensis sp nov.; taxonomy; identification ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; FAMILY LEGIONELLACEAE; CLASSIFICATION SCHEME; FATAL PNEUMONIA; PNEUMOPHILA; IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE; DISEASE; REPRODUCIBILITY AB Novel Legionella-like isolates, strains Montbeliard A1(T) and Greoux 11 D13(T), isolated from two different French water sources, were studied taxonomically and phylogenetically. Morphological and biochemical characterization revealed that they were Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming bacilli with a cut-glass appearance that grew only on L-cysteine-supplemented buffered charcoal yeast extract agar. Phenotypic characterization using fatty acid and ubiquinone profiles and SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed that they were closely related, but distinct from, other species of the genus Legionella, since serotyping could not relate them to any existing serogroup. Genotypic profiles generated by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA and 165-23S rDNA spacer region PCR analyses were unique for each of these isolates. DNA-DNA relatedness values of strains Montbeliard A1(T) and Greoux 11 D13(T) to each other and to other Legionella type strains were less than 25%. Phylogenetic affiliation of these organisms obtained by 16S rDNA sequence comparisons confirmed that they were distinct from any other known Legionella species. All the above results confirm that these strains constitute two novel species for which the names Legionella gresilensis sp. nov. (type strain Greoux 11 D13(T) = ATCC 700509(T) = CIP 106631(T)) and Legionella beliardensis sp. nov. (type strain Montbeliard A1(T) = ATCC 700512(T) = Clip 106632(T)) are proposed. C1 Fac Med RTH Laennec, Ctr Natl Reference Legionella, UPRES EA 1655, F-69372 Lyon 08, France. Hop Edouard Herriot, Lab Radioisotopes & Biochim Mol, F-69437 Lyon, France. Inst Pasteur, Unite Enterobacteries, F-75724 Paris 15, France. CDCP, Resp Dis Branch, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lo Presti, F (reprint author), Ctr Chilly Mazarin Genom Cardiovasc thrombose, Sanofi Synthelabo Rech, 1 Av Pierre Brossolette, F-91385 Chilly Mazarin, France. RI ETIENNE, Jerome/C-5471-2014; OI ETIENNE, Jerome/0000-0002-3348-3315; LO PRESTI, Francesco/0000-0002-3544-7043 NR 43 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 51 BP 1949 EP 1957 PN 6 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 496BG UT WOS:000172374400001 PM 11760933 ER PT J AU Moon, TD Vermund, SH Tong, TC Holmberg, SD AF Moon, TD Vermund, SH Tong, TC Holmberg, SD TI Opportunities to improve prevention and services for HIV-infected women in nonurban Alabama and Mississippi SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE rural HIV; HIV; women; heterosexual ID AIDS; GEORGIA AB Objective: The intent of this study was to identify opportunities for improving the effectiveness of HIV prevention before nonurban (rural and small-city resident) Southern women are infected and the medical and social services offered to them after they are infected. Methods: At several HIV clinics in nonurban Alabama and Mississippi, women with HIV infection (who reside in small cities and towns outside of Birmingham) were identified and interviewed about the period during which they probably acquired HIV and about their needs and the services provided after they were found to be infected with HIV. Results: Before they were infected, these 211 young (mean age, 33 years), mainly African- American (67%) women often reported being seen at HIV testing sites (37%) and, among drug users, at drug treatment facilities (30%), where they presumably received counseling to prevent becoming infected. Once infected, many (21%) said they were not directed to HIV treatment sites, half (50%) were sexually active in the month before they were interviewed, many (13%) sought treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in the 12 months before the interview, and many (36%) reported unmet needs for HIV treatment related to having no insurance or Medicaid. Conclusions: Prevention and treatment of HIV for nonurban Southern women are not fully effective. Given the continued sexual activity of these women, more focus on preventing transmission from persons who are already infected is warranted. C1 Univ Florida, Coll Med, Gainesville, FL USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Holmberg, SD (reprint author), CDC Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Vermund, Sten/0000-0001-7289-8698 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 279 EP 281 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 489YP UT WOS:000172020900013 PM 11694837 ER PT J AU Buchacz, K van der Straten, A Saul, J Shiboski, SC Gomez, CA Padian, N AF Buchacz, K van der Straten, A Saul, J Shiboski, SC Gomez, CA Padian, N TI Sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical correlates of inconsistent condom use in HIV-serodiscordant heterosexual couples SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV; serodiscordant couples; heterosexual; risk factors; condom use ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; UNITED-STATES; SAN-FRANCISCO; RISK-FACTORS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR; TRANSMISSION; AIDS; INFECTION; WOMEN AB We examined sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics associated with inconsistent condom use in a cross-sectional analysis of 145 sexually active HIV-serodiscordant heterosexual couples who participated in the California Partners Study II. All couples were aware of their HIV-serodiscordant status. Forty-five percent of couples reported having had unprotected vaginal or anal sex in the previous 6 months. In the multivariate couple-level analyses, factors independently associated with inconsistent (i.e., < 100%) condom use in the previous 6 months included lower educational level, unemployment, African-American ethnicity, and practice of anal sex by the couple. Injection drug use was associated with inconsistent condom use among couples with younger HIV-infected partners. In addition, couples with HIV-infected partners who had higher CD4 cell counts and couples in which the HIV-infected male partner ever had sex with a man were more likely to use condoms inconsistently. Consistency of condom use did not depend on the gender of the HIV-infected partner or duration of sexual relationship. The findings suggest that many HIV-serodiscordant heterosexual couples remain at high risk of HIV transmission and may benefit not only from behavioral interventions but also from structural interventions aimed at improving their social and economic conditions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Obstet Gynecol & Reprod Sci, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Biostat, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Buchacz, K (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Biostat AIDS Res, 651 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU912270] NR 42 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 3 BP 289 EP 297 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 489YP UT WOS:000172020900015 PM 11694839 ER PT J AU Grunbaum, JA Lowry, R Kann, L AF Grunbaum, JA Lowry, R Kann, L TI Prevalence of health-related behaviors among alternative high school students as compared with students attending regular high schools SO JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH LA English DT Article DE adolescents; alcohol use; alternative high schools; drug use; injury; physical activity; risk behaviors; sexual behaviors; tobacco use; violence ID RISK BEHAVIORS AB Purpose: To provide national data on health-risk behaviors of students attending alternative high schools and compare the prevalence of these risk behaviors with data from the 1997 national Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Methods: The national Youth Risk Behavior Survey uses a three-stage cluster sampling design. Data were collected from 8918 students in alternative high schools in 1998 (ALT-YRBS) and 16,262 students in regular high schools in 1997 (YRBS). The health-risk behaviors addressed include behaviors that contribute to unintentional injuries and violence, tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, sexual behaviors, unhealthy dietary behaviors, and physical inactivity. A weighing factor was applied to each student record to adjust for nonresponse and varying probabilities of selection. SUDAAN was used to compute 95% confidence intervals, which were considered significant if the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap. Results: Students attending alternative high schools were at significantly greater risk than students in regular high schools for violence-related injury; suicide; human immunodeficiency virus infection or other sexually transmitted diseases; pregnancy; and development of chronic disease related to tobacco use, unhealthy dieting practices,. and lack of vigorous activity. Conclusions: Many students in alternative high schools are at risk for both acute and chronic health problems. Because these youth are still in a school setting, alternative high schools are in a unique position to provide programs to help decrease the prevalence of risk-taking behaviors. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Grunbaum, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, 4770 Buford Highway,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1054-139X J9 J ADOLESCENT HEALTH JI J. Adolesc. Health PD NOV PY 2001 VL 29 IS 5 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1016/S1054-139X(01)00304-4 PG 7 WC Psychology, Developmental; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics SC Psychology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Pediatrics GA 491LH UT WOS:000172109500006 PM 11691595 ER PT J AU Stevenson, LA Gergen, PJ Hoover, DR Rosenstreich, D Mannino, DM Matte, TD AF Stevenson, LA Gergen, PJ Hoover, DR Rosenstreich, D Mannino, DM Matte, TD TI Sociodemographic correlates of indoor allergen sensitivity among United States children SO JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE race; indoor allergens; sensitivity; children; prevalence; NHANES ID SKIN-TEST REACTIVITY; HOUSE-DUST MITE; DIESEL EXHAUST PARTICLES; INNER-CITY CHILDREN; ASTHMA HOSPITALIZATION; MEXICAN-AMERICAN; RISK-FACTORS; COCKROACH ALLERGEN; CAT ALLERGENS; PUERTO-RICAN AB Background: Exposure to indoor allergens is associated with asthma morbidity. Nationally, asthma morbidity disproportionately affects socially disadvantaged populations, but it is unclear whether exposure to indoor allergens follows a similar pattern. Objective: We sought to examine the national prevalences and demographic correlates of sensitivity to indoor allergens related to asthma. Methods: Analysis of a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 4164 United States children aged 6 to 16 years who participated in allergen testing in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994 was performed. The main outcome measures were sensitivity reactions to cockroach, dust mite, cat, and Alternaria alternata, as measured via skin prick testing. Results: Multivariate models, including sex, age, race-ethnicity, education, poverty, family history, region of country, housing age, crowding, and urban residence, revealed significant racial-ethnic disparities in sensitivity. Compared with white children, African American children had higher odds ratios (ORs) of cockroach or dust mite sensitivity (cockroach,. [95% Cl, 1.9-3.2]; dust mite OR, 1.3 [95% CI, 1.0-1.7]), as did Mexican American children (cockroach OR, 1.9 [95% CI, 1.3-2.8]; dust mite OR, 1.6 [95% C1, 1.2-2.2]). African American children also had significantly higher odds of sensitivity to A alternata (OR, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.5-2.8]). Conclusions: African American and Mexican American children are substantially more likely than white children to be sensitized to allergens important in asthma. Differences in indoor allergen sensitivity are consistent with racial differences in asthma morbidity. Along with other data, these findings suggest that racial disparities in housing, community, or both environmental factors play a role in determining national patterns of asthma morbidity. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY 10029 USA. New York City Hlth & Hosp Corp, New York, NY USA. Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual, Ctr Primary Care & Res, Rockville, MD USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Stat, Piscataway, NJ USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Hlth Hlth Care Policy & Aging Res, Piscataway, NJ USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Div Allergy & Immunol, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stevenson, LA (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, 1216 5th Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 48 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 1 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0091-6749 J9 J ALLERGY CLIN IMMUN JI J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 108 IS 5 BP 747 EP 752 DI 10.1067/mai.2001.119410 PG 6 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 498RG UT WOS:000172523800014 PM 11692099 ER PT J AU Gusa, AA Buller, RS Storch, GA Huycke, MM Machado, LJ Slater, LN Stockham, SL Massung, RF AF Gusa, AA Buller, RS Storch, GA Huycke, MM Machado, LJ Slater, LN Stockham, SL Massung, RF TI Identification of a p28 gene in Ehrlichia ewingii: Evaluation of gene for use as a target for a species-specific PCR diagnostic assay SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN MONOCYTOTROPIC EHRLICHIOSIS; OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEINS; MULTIGENE FAMILY; SEROLOGIC DIAGNOSIS; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ETIOLOGIC AGENT; CHAFFEENSIS; CANIS; WESTERN; ANTIGEN AB PCR was used to amplify a 537-by region of an Ehrlichia ewingii gene encoding a homologue of the 28-kDa major antigenic protein (P28) of Ehrlichia chaffeensis. The E. ewingii p28 gene homologue was amplified from DNA extracted from whole blood obtained from four humans and one canine with confirmed cases of infection. Sequencing of the PCR products (505 bp) revealed a partial gene with homology to outer membrane protein genes from Ehrlichia and Cowdria spp.: p30 of Ehrlichia cams (less than or equal to 71.3%), p28 of E. chaffeensis (less than or equal to 68.3%), and map] of Cowdria ruminantium (67.3%). The peptide sequence of the E. ewingii partial gene product was deduced (168 amino acids) and the antigenicity profile was analyzed, revealing a hydrophilic protein with less than or equal to 69.1% identity to P28 of E. chaffeensis, less than or equal to 67.3% identity to P30 of E. canis, and less than or equal to 63.1% identity to MAPI of C. ruminantium. Primers were selected from the E. ewingii p28 sequence and used to develop a species-specific PCR diagnostic assay. The p28 PCR assay amplified the expected 215-bp product from DNA that was extracted from EDTA-treated blood from each of the confirmed E. ewingii infections that were available. The assay did not produce PCR products with DNA extracted from E. chaffeensis-, E. canis-, or E. phagocytophila-infected samples, confirming the specificity of the p28 assay for E. ewingii. The sensitivity of the E. ewingii-specific PCR assay was evaluated and determined to detect as few as 38 copies of the p28 gene. C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Edward Mallinckrodt Dept Pediat, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. St Louis Childrens Hosp, St Louis, MO 63178 USA. Univ Missouri, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Oklahoma, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Oklahoma City, OK USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Massung, RF (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS G-13, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 3871 EP 3876 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.3871-3876.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200009 PM 11682500 ER PT J AU Unver, A Felek, S Paddock, CD Zhi, N Horowitz, HW Wormser, GP Cullman, LC Rikihisa, Y AF Unver, A Felek, S Paddock, CD Zhi, N Horowitz, HW Wormser, GP Cullman, LC Rikihisa, Y TI Western blot analysis of sera reactive to human monocytic ehrlichiosis and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agents SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; NEW-YORK-STATE; IMMUNOBLOT ANALYSIS; CHAFFEENSIS; CANIS; INFECTION; PROTEINS; IDENTIFICATION; SERODIAGNOSIS; EWINGII AB Laboratory diagnosis of human ehrlichioses is routinely made by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using cultured ehrlichia-infected whole cells as antigen. Concern has been raised that incorrect diagnoses of human monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME) or human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) may be made on the basis of serologic cross-reactivity between Ehrlichia chaffeensis and the agent of HGE. The present study examined whether two recombinant major outer membrane proteins, rP30 and rP44, that were previously shown to be sensitive and specific serodiagnostic antigens for HME and HGE, respectively, could be used to discriminate IFA dually reacting sera. Thirteen dually IFA-reactive sera, three sera that were IFA positive only with E. chaffeensis, and three sera that were IFA positive only with the HGE agent were examined by Western immunoblot analysis using purified whole organisms and recombinant proteins as antigens. All 16 E. chaffeensis IFA-positive sera reacted with rP30. However, none of these sera reacted with rP44, regardless of IFA reactivity with the HGE agent. The three HGE-agent-only IFA-positive sera reacted only with rP44, not with rP30. Western immunoblotting using purified E. chaffeensis and the HGE agent as antigens suggested that heat shock and other proteins, but not major outer membrane proteins, cross-react between the two organisms. Therefore, Western immunoblot analysis using rP44 and rP30 may be useful in discriminating dually HME and HGE IFA-reactive sera. C1 Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York Med Coll, Dept Med, Div Infect Dis, Valhalla, NY 10595 USA. MRL Ref Lab, Cypress, CA 90630 USA. RP Rikihisa, Y (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Biosci, 1925 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01 AI047407, R01AI47407, R01 AI40934] NR 26 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 3982 EP 3986 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.3982-3986.2001 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200027 PM 11682518 ER PT J AU Shewmaker, PL Steigerwalt, AG Shealey, L Weyant, R Facklam, RR AF Shewmaker, PL Steigerwalt, AG Shealey, L Weyant, R Facklam, RR TI DNA relatedness, phenotypic characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of Globicatella sanguinis strains SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VIRIDANS GROUP STREPTOCOCCI; GRAM-POSITIVE COCCI; IN-VITRO ACTIVITIES; CLINICAL SOURCES; HIGH-RATES; IDENTIFICATION; ENTEROCOCCUS; PENICILLIN; RESISTANT; SYSTEM AB DNA-DNA reassociation was performed on 15 strains of Globicatella sanguinis to compare their taxonomic status with phenotypic characterization. All 15 strains selected for DNA-DNA reassociation readily met the criteria for species relatedness. The relative binding ratio was 81% or greater at the optimal temperature and 76% or greater at the stringent temperature, and the divergence was less than 3% for all strains hybridized with the type strain. These strains included nine strains from the Centers for Disease Control Streptococcus Laboratory culture collection that were previously included in comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies as well as six additional phenotypically variant isolates. DNA-DNA relatedness was less than 18% at the optimal reassociation temperature to Aerococcus viridans, Enterococcus avium, and Streptococcus uberis, which are phenotypically similar to G. sanguinis. This study confirms these Globicatella strains were previously misidentified as S. uberis or S. uberis-like strains based on biochemical characteristics. The biochemical data from 28 strains was compiled to further define the phenotypic criteria for identification of this species. A revised description of the species should be variable reaction for pyrrolidonylarylamidase production (75% positive), positive reaction for the bile esculin test (100%), growth at 45 C (96%), variable reaction for acid production from arabinose (45% positive), and negative starch hydrolysis (0% positive). We also evaluated four rapid identification systems, the Biomerieux rapid ID32 STREP (ID32), the Crystal rapid gram-positive identification (Cry4), the BBL Crystal gram-positive identification (Cry24), and the Remel IDS RapID STR (IDS) systems for their ability to identify these strains. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shewmaker, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, NCID, DBMD, RDB, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE Mailstop CO2, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4052 EP 4057 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.4052-4057.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200038 PM 11682529 ER PT J AU Dalsgaard, A Serichantalergs, O Forslund, A Lin, W Mekalanos, J Mintz, E Shimada, T Wells, JG AF Dalsgaard, A Serichantalergs, O Forslund, A Lin, W Mekalanos, J Mintz, E Shimada, T Wells, JG TI Clinical and environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141 carry the CTX phage and the genes encoding the toxin-coregulated pili SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LYSOGENIC CONVERSION; PATHOGENICITY ISLAND; O-SEROTYPES; THAILAND; STRAINS; EPIDEMIC; NON-O1; DIARRHEA; SEQUENCE; PLASMID AB We report sporadic cases of a severe gastroenteritis associated with Vibrio cholerae serogroup O141. Like O1 and O139 serogroup strains of V. cholerae isolated from cholera cases, the O141 clinical isolates carry DNA sequences that hybridize to cholera toxin (CT) gene probes. The CT genes of OI and O139 strains are carried by a filamentous bacteriophage (termed CTX phage) which is known to use toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) as its receptor. In an effort to understand the mechanism of emergence of toxigenic O141 V. cholerae, we probed a collection of O141 clinical and environmental isolates for genes involved in TCP production, toxigenicity, virulence regulation, and other phylogenetic markers. The collection included strains isolated between 1964 and 1995 from diverse geographical locations, including eight countries and five U.S. states. Information collected about the clinical and environmental sources of these isolates suggests that they had no epidemiological association. All clinical O141 isolates hybridized to probes specific for genes encoding CT (ax), zonula occludens toxin (zot), repetitive sequence 1 (RS1), RTX toxin (rtxA), the major subunit of TCP (tcpA), and the essential regulatory gene that controls expression of both CT and TCP (toxR). In contrast, all but one of the nonclinical O141 isolates were negative for ctx, zot, RS1, and tcpA, although these strains were positive for rtxA and toxR. The one toxigenic environmental O141 isolate was also positive for tcpA. Ribotyping and CT typing showed that the O141 clinical isolates were indistinguishable or closely related, while a toxigenic water isolate from Louisiana showed a distantly related ribotype. Nonclinical O141 isolates displayed a variety of unrelated ribotypes. These data support a model for emergence of toxigenic O141 that involves acquisition of the CTX phage sometime after these strains had acquired the pathogenicity island encoding TCP. The clonal nature of toxigenic O141 strains isolated from diverse geographical locations suggests that the emergence is a rare event but that once it occurs, toxigenic O141 strains are capable of regional and perhaps even global dissemination. This study stresses the importance of monitoring V. cholerae non-O1, non-O139 serogroup strains for their virulence gene content as a means of assessing their epidemic potential. C1 Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Inst Infect Dis, Dept Bacteriol, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628640, Japan. RP Dalsgaard, A (reprint author), Royal Vet & Agr Univ, Dept Vet Microbiol, Stigbojlen 4, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI-18045, R01 AI018045, R37 AI018045] NR 45 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4086 EP 4092 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.4086-4092.2001 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200043 PM 11682534 ER PT J AU Yakrus, MA Hernandez, SM Floyd, MM Sikes, D Butler, WR Metchock, B AF Yakrus, MA Hernandez, SM Floyd, MM Sikes, D Butler, WR Metchock, B TI Comparison of methods for identification of Mycobacterium abscessus and M-chelonae isolates SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RAPIDLY GROWING MYCOBACTERIA; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MULTILOCUS ENZYME ELECTROPHORESIS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; LENGTH-POLYMORPHISM ANALYSIS; GENE AMPLIFICATION; PSEUDO-OUTBREAKS; AVIUM COMPLEX; CONTAMINATION; RECOGNITION AB Mycobacterium abscessus and Mycobacterium chelonae are two closely related species that are often not distinguished by clinical laboratories despite the fact they cause diseases requiring different treatment regimens. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 65-kDa heat shock protein gene, biochemical tests, and high-performance liquid chromatography of mycolic acids were used to identify 75 isolates as either M. abscessus or M. chelonae that were originally submitted for drug susceptibility testing. Only 36 of these isolates were submitted with an identification at the species level. Using the above methods, 46 of the isolates were found to be M. abscessus and 29 were identified as M. chelonae. Eight isolates originally submitted as M. chelonae were identified as M. abscessus, and one isolate submitted as M. abscessus was found to be M. chelonae. The four identification methods were in agreement in identifying 74 of the 75 isolates. In drug susceptibility testing, all isolates of M. abscessus exhibited resistance to tobramycin (MIC of 8 to greater than or equal to 16 mug/ml), while all isolates of M. chelonae were susceptible to this drug (MIC of less than or equal to4 mug/ml). The results suggest that once an identification method is selected, clinical laboratories should be able to easily identify isolates of M. abscessus and M. chelonae. C1 CDCP, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Yakrus, MA (reprint author), CDCP, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop FO8,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4103 EP 4110 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.4103-4110.2001 PG 8 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200046 PM 11682537 ER PT J AU Piesman, J Schneider, BS Zeidner, NS AF Piesman, J Schneider, BS Zeidner, NS TI Use of quantitative PCR to measure density of Borrelia burgdorferi in the midgut and salivary glands of feeding tick vectors SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-PROTEIN-A; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; TISSUES; MICE; QUANTIFICATION; TRANSMISSION; EXPRESSION; IXODIDAE; DAMMINI AB Quantitative real-time PCR was used to assay spirochetes in feeding ticks. Spirochetes in tick midguts increased sixfold, from 998 per tick before attachment to 5,884 at 48 h of attachment. Spirochetes in tick salivary glands increased > 17-fold, from 1.2 per salivary gland pair before feeding to 20.8 at 72 h postattachment. The period of the most rapid increase in the number of spirochetes in the salivary glands occurred from 48 to 60 h postattachment; this time period coincides with the maximal increase in transmission risk during nymphal tick feeding. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Piesman, J (reprint author), CDC, DVBID, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 21 TC 71 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4145 EP 4148 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.4145-4148.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200053 PM 11682544 ER PT J AU Daneshvar, MI Douglas, MP Weyant, RS AF Daneshvar, MI Douglas, MP Weyant, RS TI Cellular fatty acid composition of Lautropia mirabilis SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Ten strains of Lautropia mirabilis (ATCC 51599(T) and nine phenotypically similar clinical isolates) were examined for cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition to evaluate their chemical relatedness to known bacterial species and groups. The CFAs were liberated from whole cells by base hydrolysis, methylated, and analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. CFA profiles were generated by using a commerical software package (MIDI, Newark, Del.). All strains tested had an identical CFA profile characterized by major amounts of 16:1 omega 7c (41%) and 16:0 (44%); smaller amounts (1 to 4%) of 3-OH-10:0, 12:0, 14:0, 15:0, and 18:1 omega 7c; trace amounts (<1%) of 10:0, 18:2 and 18:0; and no cyclopropane acids. This profile was similar to the CFA profiles of Acidovorax delafieldii, Comamonas terrigena, and strains of an unclassified Centers for Disease Control group designated weak oxidizer group 1. CFA analysis, when supplemented by phenotypic characterization, is useful for the identification of L. mirabilis isolates. C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US PHS, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Daneshvar, MI (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis,US PHS, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop D11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4160 EP 4162 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.4160-4162.2001 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200057 PM 11682548 ER PT J AU Lo Re, V Brennan, PJ Wadlin, J Weaver, R Nachamkin, I AF Lo Re, V Brennan, PJ Wadlin, J Weaver, R Nachamkin, I TI Infected branchial cleft cyst due to Bordetella bronchiseptica in an immunocompetent patient SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BONE-MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; PNEUMONIA; AIDS; BACTEREMIA AB A healthy 23-year-old man with fever and a tender mass in his right anterior neck was found to have a branchial cleft cyst infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica. Initial testing suggested a Brucella species, but further laboratory testing identified the organism definitively. B. bronchiseptica infection in healthy adults is an unusual event. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Clin Microbiol Lab, Sch Med, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Div Infect Dis, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Bacteriol Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nachamkin, I (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Clin Microbiol Lab, Sch Med, 4th Floor,Gates Bldg,3400 Spruce St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RI Lo Re, Vincent/N-7817-2015 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4210 EP 4212 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.11.4210-4212.2001 PG 3 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 488KK UT WOS:000171934200073 PM 11682564 ER PT J AU Meyer, RF Knudsen, RC AF Meyer, RF Knudsen, RC TI Foot-and-mouth disease: A review of the virus and the symptoms SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the etiologic agent of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), which is a disease of cattle, swine, and other cloven-footed animals. FMD is characterized by the formation of vesicles on the tongue, nose, muzzle, and coronary bands of infected animals. The virus has several unique characteristics that enable it to cause one of the most economically devastating diseases in today's world, The case with which it may be transmitted by contact and aerosol, combined with its enhanced ability to initiate infections, virtually ensures that most, if not all, animals in a herd will contract BID. The long-term survival of FMDV in infected animals' tissues and organs, especially when refrigerated., offers an opportunity for its national and international transmission through the food chain, Multiple serotypes and numerous subtypes reduce the effectiveness and reliability of vaccines. The possible development of carriers in vaccinated animals and those that have recovered from FMD provides additional potential sources of new outbreaks. These features create a disease that can have a major economic impact on farmers and entire nations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Safety Branch, Off Hlth & Safety, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Knudsen, RC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Lab Safety Branch, Off Hlth & Safety, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS F-05, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL ENVIRON HEALTH ASSN PI DENVER PA 720 S COLORADO BLVD SUITE 970, SOUTH TOWER, DENVER, CO 80222 USA SN 0022-0892 J9 J ENVIRON HEALTH JI J. Environ. Health PD NOV PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 BP 21 EP 23 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 486MD UT WOS:000171820800003 PM 11936028 ER PT J AU Kim, P Pau, CP AF Kim, P Pau, CP TI Comparing tandem repeats and multiple antigenic peptides as the antigens to detect antibodies by enzyme immunoassay SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE enzyme immunoassay; multiple antigenic peptide; serodiagnosis ID DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; TYPE-1 AB Short synthetic peptides are useful alternatives to whole lysate or recombinant proteins as the antigens used for serodiagnosis of bacterial or viral infections. However, certain known antigenic peptides displayed low seroreactivities in direct enzyme immunoassay. This was believed to be due to the low coating efficiency, a constrained orientation, or loss of flexibility required for optimal antibody binding. Using a model peptide system derived from the V3-loop of HIV-1 gp120, we demonstrated that low antigenicity could be overcome by using either tandem repeats (TR) or multiple antigenic peptides (MA-Ps) which contained the same amino acid sequence as the monomeric peptide. In our model system, a four-branch MAP was a better choice compared to the tandem repeats because of the MAP's slightly higher sensitivity and lower cost of production. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pau, CP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop D12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1759 J9 J IMMUNOL METHODS JI J. Immunol. Methods PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 257 IS 1-2 BP 51 EP 54 DI 10.1016/S0022-1759(01)00444-6 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Immunology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Immunology GA 489JT UT WOS:000171988800005 PM 11687238 ER PT J AU Cortez, KJ Erdman, DD Peret, TCT Gill, VJ Childs, R Barrett, AJ Bennett, JE AF Cortez, KJ Erdman, DD Peret, TCT Gill, VJ Childs, R Barrett, AJ Bennett, JE TI Outbreak of human parainfluenza virus 3 infections in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant population SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; RAPID DIAGNOSIS; RECIPIENTS; TYPE-3; ADULTS; WARD AB Clinical manifestations and epidemiological features are described for a cluster of 12 cases of human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV3) infection that occurred among 64 allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients in an 11-week period during spring 2000. Upper respiratory symptoms predominated. Pneumonia occurred in 3 patients and was a contributing factor in the death of 1 patient. Exposure histories and molecular analysis of HPIV3 isolates suggested that both community acquired and nosocomially transmitted infections occurred during this outbreak. A chain of transmission within the outpatient clinic appeared to have occurred in 4 outpatients and to have extended to 2 hospitalized patients. Molecular epidemiology was useful in discerning routes of transmission in this outbreak. C1 NIAID, Clin Invest Lab, Clin Mycol Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIH, Warren Grant Magnuson Clin Ctr, Dept Lab Med, Microbiol Serv, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NHLBI, NIH, Hematol Branch, Stem Cell Allotransplant Unit, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bennett, JE (reprint author), NIH, Ctr Clin, Rm 11C304, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jb46y@nih.gov NR 24 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 9 BP 1093 EP 1097 DI 10.1086/322041 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 482EC UT WOS:000171561000001 PM 11598830 ER PT J AU Palumbo, P Holland, B Dobbs, T Pau, CP Luo, CC Abrams, EJ Nesheim, S Vink, P Respess, R Bulterys, M AF Palumbo, P Holland, B Dobbs, T Pau, CP Luo, CC Abrams, EJ Nesheim, S Vink, P Respess, R Bulterys, M CA Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Trans TI Antiretroviral resistance mutations among pregnant human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected women and their newborns in the United States: Vertical transmission and clades SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MATERNAL-INFANT TRANSMISSION; TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION; DRUG-RESISTANCE; PERINATAL TRANSMISSION; DISEASE PROGRESSION; ZIDOVUDINE USE; HIV-INFECTION; IMPACT; RISK AB To assess the impact of antiretroviral resistance on perinatal transmission prevention efforts, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genotypic resistance testing was done for 220 HIV-1-infected, zidovudine (AZT)-exposed pregnant women and 24 of their infected infants. The women were prospectively enrolled in 4 US cities in 1991-1997. Phylogenetic and sequencing analyses revealed 5 women with non-clade B infections traced to western African origins. AZT-associated mutations were detected in 17.3% of pregnant women, whereas genotypic resistance to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors was infrequent. No significant association was detected between perinatal transmission and the presence of either AZT or nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor resistance-associated mutations. AZT resistance mutations were detected in 2 (8.3%) neonatal samples, but the mutation pattern was not identical to the mother's. Although no effect of viral resistance on mother-infant transmission was demonstrated, the advent of more-potent drug classes and the potential for the rapid emergence of resistance warrant prospective surveillance. C1 Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pediat, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA USA. Columbia Univ, Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. RP Palumbo, P (reprint author), Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Dept Pediat, MSB-F-578,185 S Orange Ave, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. EM palumbo@umdnj.edu NR 31 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 9 BP 1120 EP 1126 DI 10.1086/323804 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 482EC UT WOS:000171561000005 PM 11598834 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD Pisell, TL Hirsch, CS Wu, M Butera, ST Toossi, Z AF Lawn, SD Pisell, TL Hirsch, CS Wu, M Butera, ST Toossi, Z TI Anatomically compartmentalized human immunodeficiency virus replication in HLA-DR(+) cells and CD14(+) macrophages at the site of pleural tuberculosis coinfection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NECROSIS-FACTOR-ALPHA; ELEVATED SERUM CONCENTRATIONS; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; IMMUNE ACTIVATION; IN-VIVO; PRODUCTIVE INFECTION; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION; MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES; PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; TYPE-1 EXPRESSION AB This study examined the impact of the host inflammatory microenvironment associated with localized tuberculosis (TB) on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication within lymphocytes and macrophages in vivo. Paired plasma and pleural fluid samples from HIV-1-infected individuals with pleural TB (n = 9) were analyzed. Detection of host proteins incorporated into the HIV-1 envelope by immunomagnetic capture analysis provided insight into the phenotype of cells supporting HIV-1 replication. The results indicated that the 4.0-fold greater median HIV-1 load in pleural fluid, compared with median load in plasma (P < .01), was derived in part from viral replication within HLA-DR(+) cells, CD26(+) lymphocytes, and, importantly, CD14(+) macrophages. Greatly increased local concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and immune activation markers in the pleural space correlated with the virologic findings. In summary, HIV-1 replication was increased at sites of Mycobacterium tuberculosis coinfection within activated cells, including lymphocytes and CD14(+) macrophages. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB & Mycobacteriol Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Med, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), St George Hosp, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, England. EM stevelawn@yahoo.co.uk FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL-51636]; NIAID NIH HHS [AI-45244] NR 57 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1537-6613 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD NOV 1 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 9 BP 1127 EP 1133 DI 10.1086/323649 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 482EC UT WOS:000171561000006 PM 11598835 ER PT J AU Biggins, DE Kosoy, MY AF Biggins, DE Kosoy, MY TI Influences of introduced plague on North American mammals: Implications from ecology of plague in Asia SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE coevolution; host-parasite relations; invasive species; plague; resistance; rodent; Yersinia pestis ID VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOSES; YERSINIA-PESTIS; UNITED-STATES; DISEASE; PARASITES; COMPLEX; PLASMID AB Intercontinental movements of invasive species continue to modify the world's ecosystems. The plague bacterium (Yersinia pestis) has colonized and altered animal communities worldwide but has received much more attention as a human pathogen. We reviewed studies on the ecology of Y. pestis in ancient foci of central Asia and in western North America, where the bacterium apparently has become established much more recently. Although rodent populations on both continents are affected dramatically by epizootics of plague, the epidemiologically important species of Asia demonstrate resistance in portions of their populations, whereas those of North America are highly susceptible. Individual variation in resistance, which is widespread in Asian rodents and allows a microevolutionary response, has been documented in few North American species of rodents. Plague increases costs of sociality and coloniality in susceptible hosts, increases benefits of disease resistance in general, and increases benefits of adaptability to variable environments for species at higher trophic levels. Prairie dogs (Cynomys) epitomize taxa with high risk to plague because prairie dogs have uniformly low resistance to plague and are highly social. Relationships to plague are poorly understood for many North American rodents, but more than one-half of the species of conservation concern occur within the geographic range of plague. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Biggins, DE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Midcontinent Ecol Sci Ctr, 4512 McMurry Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. NR 91 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER SOC MAMMALOGISTS PI PROVO PA BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIV, DEPT OF ZOOLOGY, PROVO, UT 84602 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 82 IS 4 BP 906 EP 916 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0906:IOIPON>2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 496GH UT WOS:000172387500003 ER PT J AU Garkavenko, O Obriadina, A Meng, JH Anderson, DA Benard, HJ Schroeder, BA Khudyakov, YE Fields, HA Croxson, MC AF Garkavenko, O Obriadina, A Meng, JH Anderson, DA Benard, HJ Schroeder, BA Khudyakov, YE Fields, HA Croxson, MC TI Detection and characterisation of swine hepatitis E virus in New Zealand SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis E epidemiology; zoonoses; phylogenetic analysis ID UNITED-STATES; E INFECTION; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; PREVALENCE; ANTIBODY; PIGS; HEV AB The objectives of the present study were to establish the presence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in New Zealand pigs, first by testing for HEV antibody in pig herds throughout New Zealand to measure the herd prevalence, then by attempting to amplify HEV genomic sequences by PCR. Antibody was measured by two independently designed ELISA serology tests. HEV RNA fragments were amplified by RT-PCR of nucleic acid extracted from faeces of 10-12-week-old piglets using primers targeting ORF1, ORF2, and ORF2/3. PCR products were subject to phylogenetic analysis. Antibody to HEV was found throughout New Zealand pig herds as well as in the different age groups within the herds. Twenty herds from 22 tested were positive for HEV antibody (91% herd prevalence). Phylogenetic analysis of the amplified sequences placed this New Zealand strain of HEV closest to the human European strain It-1 (AF 110390) and U.S. swine strain (AF 082843) with 88% and 83% similarity respectively in ORF1. It was concluded that HEV is widely distributed in the New Zealand pig population. Phylogenetic analysis shows that this is a new HEV strain, grouping most closely with the United States/European cluster, which includes HEV strains of both human and swine origin. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Diatranz Ltd, Virol Lab, Auckland, New Zealand. Auckland Hosp, Virol & Immunol Lab, Auckland, New Zealand. Minist Agr & Forestry, Natl Ctr Dis Invest, Upper Hutt, New Zealand. Macfarlane Burnet Ctr Med Res, Hepatitis Res Unit, Fairfield, Vic, Australia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Garkavenko, O (reprint author), Diatranz Ltd, Virol Lab, POB 23566,Hunters Corner, Auckland, New Zealand. NR 37 TC 112 Z9 117 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 525 EP 529 DI 10.1002/jmv.2067 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 483JV UT WOS:000171633000015 PM 11596088 ER PT J AU Hutchinson, KL Villinger, F Miranda, ME Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ Rollin, PE AF Hutchinson, KL Villinger, F Miranda, ME Ksiazek, TG Peters, CJ Rollin, PE TI Multiplex analysis of cytokines in the blood of cynomolgus macaques naturally infected with Ebola virus (Reston serotype) SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemorrhagic fever; chemokines; nonhuman primate; TNF alpha; IFN gamma; IL-6 ID EXPRESSION; PRIMATES AB Ebola virus (EBO) causes the most severe form of viral hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates with up to 90% of infections culminating in death. The requirement of maximum containment laboratories for Ebola virus research has limited opportunities to study the pathogenesis of EBO infections. While tissue damage does occur, often it would appear not to be sufficient to explain death, indicating that soluble mediators play an important role in disease progression. In previous studies, fatal human infections with the Zaire subtype of Ebola (EBO-Z) were associated with an increase in the levels of inflammatory cytokines. In this investigation, a new multiplex assay was developed and used to measure circulating levels of cytokines and chemokines in cynomolgus macaques infected with the Reston subtype of EBO (EBO-R). Increased levels of IL-6, TNF-, IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL8, IL-10, and GM-CSF were detected in infected animals, and the increase in circulating cytokines correlated with an increase in circulating viral antigen. Blood samples from animals showing high levels of cytokines were also tested for the chemokines: MCP-1, IL-1 beta, MIP-1 alpha, MIP-1 beta, IP-10, and RANTES. High levels of MCP-1 and MIP-1 beta,, and RANTES were found in infected primates and, while levels were more variable, IL-1 beta was detected only in infected animals.J. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 CDC, NCID, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Res Inst Trop Med, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines. Field Epidemiol Training Program, Alabang, Muntinlupa, Philippines. RP Hutchinson, KL (reprint author), CDC, NCID, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Special Pathogens Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE Mail Stop G14, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 45 Z9 47 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 561 EP 566 DI 10.1002/jmv.2073.abs PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 483JV UT WOS:000171633000021 PM 11596094 ER PT J AU Rodewald, LE Santoli, JM AF Rodewald, LE Santoli, JM TI The challenge of vaccinating vulnerable children SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; PRIMARY-CARE; IMMUNIZATION; INTERVENTIONS; DELIVERY; COVERAGE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rodewald, LE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Rodewald, Lance/0000-0003-2593-542X NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 139 IS 5 BP 613 EP 615 DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.119467 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 497AA UT WOS:000172429500002 PM 11713432 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Jones, SE Saraiya, M AF Hall, HI Jones, SE Saraiya, M TI Prevalence and correlates of sunscreen use among US high school students SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SQUAMOUS-CELL CARCINOMAS; SUN-PROTECTION; YOUNG-ADULTS; BASAL-CELL; ADOLESCENTS; SKIN; PREDICTORS; EXPOSURE; BEHAVIORS AB Sun exposure during childhood and adolescence increases the risk of skin cancer later in life. To determine the prevalence and correlates of sunscreen use among US high school students, researchers assessed data on sunscreen use, demographic characteristics, and health behaviors obtained from the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). This survey used a three-stage cluster sample design to produce a nationally representative sample of students in grades 9-12 (N=15,349). Overall, 13.3% (95% confidence interval, +/-1.3) of students used sunscreen always or most of the time (ie, frequent use). Frequent sunscreen use was lower among males (8.6%, +/-1.2) than females (18.1%, +/-1.9) and among Blacks (4.8%, +/-1.7) and Hispanics (10.8%, +/-2.8) than Whites (16.5%, +/-1.9). Frequent sunscreen use decreased with age. Infrequent use of sunscreen was associated with other risky health behaviors, such as driving after drinking or riding in a car with a drinking driver, smoking cigarettes, being sexually active, and being physically inactive. Results indicate a need for health education interventions addressing sunscreen use that target high school students. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Surveillance Res Sect,Canc Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Surveillance Res Sect,Canc Surveillance Branch, Mailstop K53,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 35 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD NOV PY 2001 VL 71 IS 9 BP 453 EP 457 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 494MH UT WOS:000172286100004 PM 11794273 ER PT J AU McFarlane, M AF McFarlane, M TI Psychology and the Internet: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal implications. SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McFarlane, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 USA SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 38 IS 4 BP 346 EP 348 PG 3 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 538HG UT WOS:000174809000012 ER PT J AU McFarlane, M AF McFarlane, M TI The psychology of the Internet. SO JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McFarlane, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-44, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC SCIENTIFIC STUDY SEX INC PI MT VERNON PA PO BOX 208, MT VERNON, IA 52314 USA SN 0022-4499 J9 J SEX RES JI J. Sex Res. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 38 IS 4 BP 346 EP 348 PG 3 WC Psychology, Clinical; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary SC Psychology; Social Sciences - Other Topics GA 538HG UT WOS:000174809000013 ER PT J AU Bunning, M AF Bunning, M TI Nipah virus outbreak in Malaysia, 1998-1999 SO JOURNAL OF SWINE HEALTH AND PRODUCTION LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Bunning, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC SWINE PRACTITIONERS PI PERRY PA 902 1ST AVE, PERRY, IA 50220-1703 USA SN 1066-4963 J9 J SWINE HEALTH PROD JI J. Swine. Health Prod. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 9 IS 6 BP 295 EP 299 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 483WW UT WOS:000171659700010 ER PT J AU Kressig, RW Wolf, SL Sattin, RW O'Grady, M Greenspan, A Curns, A Kutner, M AF Kressig, RW Wolf, SL Sattin, RW O'Grady, M Greenspan, A Curns, A Kutner, M TI Associations of demographic, functional, and behavioral characteristics with activity-related fear of falling among older adults transitioning to frailty SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE fear of falling; transitioning to frailty; mobility; depression; ethnicity ID BALANCE CONFIDENCE; ELDERLY PERSONS; SELF-EFFICACY; RISK-FACTORS; PERFORMANCE; RESTRICTION; COMMUNITY; DEPENDENCE; INDICATORS; MOBILITY AB OBJECTIVES: To determine, in a cohort of older individuals transitioning to frailty (defined by Speechley and Tinetti, 1991) who have previously fallen, whether there are significant associations between demographic, functional, and behavioral characteristics and activity-related fear of falling, using both the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) and the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC). DESIGN: Baseline cross-sectional analysis in a prospective cohort intervention study. SETTING: Twenty independent senior living facilities in Atlanta. PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen male and 270 female subjects (n = 287), age 70 and older (mean standard deviation, 80.9 +/- 6.2), with Mini-Mental State Examination score 24, transitioning to frailty, ambulatory (with or without assistive device), medically stable, and having fallen in the past year. MEASUREMENTS: Activity-related fear of falling was evaluated with the FES and ABC Scale. Because of the comparable data derived from each scale, associations with functional measures-related analyses were expressed using the latter. Depression was measured by Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Functional measurements included timed 360 degrees turn, functional reach test, timed 10-meter walk test, single limb stands, picking up an object, and three chair stands. RESULTS: No statistically significant association was found between activity-related fear of falling and age. For the proposed activities, about half (ABC, 48.1%; FES, 50.1%) of the subjects were concerned about falling or showed lack of confidence in controlling their balance. A statistically significant inverse correlation was found between FES and ABC (r = -0.65; P < .001). African-American subjects showed more activity-related fear of falling than did Caucasians (odds ratio (OR): 2.7 for ABC; 2.1 fur FES). Fearful individuals were more likely to be depressed and more likely to report the use of a walking aid than were nonfearful individuals. Fear of falling was significantly correlated to all of the functional measurements (P < .05). In a multivariable logistic regression model, depression, using a walking-aid, slow gait speed, and being an African-American were directly related to being more fearful of falling. CONCLUSIONS: Activity-related fear of falling was present in almost half of this sample of older adults transitioning to frailty. The significant association of activity-related fear of falling with demographic, functional, and behavioral characteristics emphasizes the need for multidimensional intervention strategies to lessen activity-related fear of falling in this population. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Rehabil Med, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Injury Control, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Wolf, SL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Rehabil Med, Sch Med, 1441 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Wolf, Steven/F-6588-2010 OI Wolf, Steven/0000-0002-9446-8995 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG14767] NR 33 TC 138 Z9 150 U1 3 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-8614 J9 J AM GERIATR SOC JI J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 49 IS 11 BP 1456 EP 1462 DI 10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.4911237.x PG 7 WC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 490MF UT WOS:000172055100007 PM 11890583 ER PT J AU Yasnoff, WA Overhage, JM Humphreys, BL LaVenture, M AF Yasnoff, WA Overhage, JM Humphreys, BL LaVenture, M TI A national agenda for public health informatics: Summarized recommendations from the 2001 AMIA Spring Congress SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB The AMIA 2001 Spring Congress brought together members of the the public health and informatics communities to develop a national agenda for public health informatics. Discussions of funding and governance; architecture and infrastructure; standards and vocabulary; research, evaluation, and best practices; privacy, confidentiality, and security; and training and workforce resulted in 74 recommendations with two key themes-that all stakeholders need to be engaged in coordinated activities related to public health information architecture, standards, confidentiality, best practices, and research; and that informatics training is needed throughout the public health workforce. Implementation of this consensus agenda will help promote progress in the application of information technology to improve public health. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Indiana Univ, Indianapolis, IN 46204 USA. Natl Lib Med, Bethesda, MD USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Yasnoff, WA (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop K-36, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Overhage, Joseph/0000-0003-0223-0195 NR 10 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 4 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 535 EP 545 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 493YW UT WOS:000172251900002 PM 11687561 ER PT J AU Koo, D O'Carroll, P LaVenture, M AF Koo, D O'Carroll, P LaVenture, M TI Public health 101 for informaticians SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL INFORMATICS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Spring Congress of the American-Medical-Informatics-Association CY MAY 15-17, 2001 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Amer Med Informat Assoc ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; FOLIC-ACID FORTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; VITAMIN SUPPLEMENTATION; COMMUNICABLE DISEASES; FOLATE; BIRTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CERTIFICATES; SURVEILLANCE AB Public health is a complex discipline that has contributed substantially to improving the health of the population. Public health action involves a variety of interventions and methods, many of which are now taken for granted by the general public. The specific focus and nature of public health interventions continue to evolve, but the fundamental principles of public health remain stable. These principles include a focus on the health of the population rather than of individuals; an emphasis on disease prevention rather than treatment; a goal of intervention at all vulnerable points in the causal pathway of disease, injury, or disability; and operation in a governmental rather than a private context. Public health practice occurs at local, state, and federal levels and involves various professional disciplines. Public health principles and practice are illustrated by a case study example of neural tube defects and folic acid. The application of information science and technology in public health practice provides previously unfathomed opportunities to improve the health of the population. Clinical informaticians and others in the health care system are crucial partners in addressing the challenges and opportunities offered by public health informatics. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Koo, D (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Mailstop C-08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1067-5027 J9 J AM MED INFORM ASSN JI J. Am. Med. Inf. Assoc. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 8 IS 6 BP 585 EP 597 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science; Medical Informatics GA 493YW UT WOS:000172251900005 PM 11687565 ER PT J AU Powers, AM Brault, AC Shirako, Y Strauss, EG Kang, WL Strauss, JH Weaver, SC AF Powers, AM Brault, AC Shirako, Y Strauss, EG Kang, WL Strauss, JH Weaver, SC TI Evolutionary relationships and systematics of the alphaviruses SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS; BARMAH-FOREST-VIRUS; COMPLETE NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE; TRINIDAD DONKEY STRAIN; MOSQUITO-BORNE VIRUSES; HIGHLANDS J-VIRUS; SINDBIS VIRUS; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS COMPLEX; GENETIC-CHARACTERIZATION; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION AB Partial El envelope glycoprotein gene sequences and complete structural polyprotein sequences were used to compare divergence and construct phylogenetic. trees for the genus Alphavirus. Tree topologies indicated that the mosquito-borne alpha-druses could have arisen in either the Old or the New World, with at least two transoceanic introductions to account for their current distribution. The time frame for alphavirus diversification could not be estimated because maximum-likelihood analyses indicated that the nucleotide substitution rate varies considerably across sites within the genome. While most trees showed evolutionary relationships consistent with current antigenic complexes and species, several changes to the current classification are proposed. The recently identified fish alphaviruses salmon pancreas disease virus and sleeping disease virus appear to be variants or subtypes of a new alphavirus species. Southern elephant seal virus is also a new alphavirus distantly related to all of the others analyzed. Tonate virus and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus strain 78V3531 also appear to be distinct alphavirus species based on genetic, antigenic, and ecological criteria. Trocara virus, isolated from mosquitoes in Brazil and Peru, also represents a new species and probably a new alphavirus complex. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Univ Texas, Med Branch, Ctr Trop Dis, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. CALTECH, Div Biol, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Weaver, SC (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. RI Weaver, Scott/D-6490-2011 FU NIAID NIH HHS [T32 AI107526, AI-39800, T32 AI007536, AI-10793, T32 AI-07536, AI-10984] NR 81 TC 158 Z9 167 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 75 IS 21 BP 10118 EP 10131 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.21.10118-10131.2001 PG 14 WC Virology SC Virology GA 480DZ UT WOS:000171447900011 PM 11581380 ER PT J AU Haynes, LM Moore, DD Kurt-Jones, EA Finberg, RW Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA AF Haynes, LM Moore, DD Kurt-Jones, EA Finberg, RW Anderson, LJ Tripp, RA TI Involvement of toll-like receptor 4 in innate immunity to respiratory syncytial virus SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID T-CELLS; DROSOPHILA TOLL; RSV CHALLENGE; BALB/C MICE; INFECTION; ACTIVATION; PROTEIN; TLR4; RECOGNITION; RESPONSES AB The mammalian Toll-like receptor 4, TLR4, is an important component in the innate immune response to gram-negative bacterial infection. The role of TLR4 in antiviral immunity has been largely unexplored. In this study, the in vivo immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus infection were examined in TLR4-deficient (C57BL/10ScNCr) and TLR4-expressing (C57BL/10Sn) mice. TLR4-deficient mice challenged with RSV, but not influenza virus, exhibited impaired natural killer (NK) cell and CD14(+) cell pulmonary trafficking, deficient NK cell function, impaired interleukin-12 expression, and impaired virus clearance compared to mice expressing TLR4. These findings suggest that Toll signaling pathways have an important role in innate immunity to RSV. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Med Ctr, Dept Med, Worcester, MA 01605 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Finberg, Robert/E-3323-2010; OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 35 TC 304 Z9 331 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 75 IS 22 BP 10730 EP 10737 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.22.10730-10737.2001 PG 8 WC Virology SC Virology GA 483TV UT WOS:000171652700017 PM 11602714 ER PT J AU Morris, J Hammitt, JK AF Morris, J Hammitt, JK TI Using life expectancy to communicate benefits of health care programs in contingent valuation studies SO MEDICAL DECISION MAKING LA English DT Article DE risk communication; contingent valuation; life expectancy; willingness to pay; pneumonia vaccine ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; ADVANCED AGE; RISK; PROBABILITY; ABSOLUTE; DEATH; WTP AB Background. There is growing interest in the use of contingent valuation (CV) to estimate the monetary value of health program benefits. Ideally, CV could be used to value a specific shift in survival curve. However, a shift in survival curve may prove too complex for widespread use in CV instruments. To facilitate the use of CV invaluing longevity benefits, researchers need alternative summary measures that describe the longevity benefit in a single number that is more readily communicated in a CV context. Methods. The authors compare 2 methods for communicating longevity benefits in a CV survey. Random subsamples of respondents valued a longevity benefit expressed either as a continuing reduction in annual mortality risk or as a gain in life expectancy. To compare the validity of the alternative descriptions, the authors evaluate willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for consistency with theoretical predictions. Results. It is found that WTP for a longevity benefit is sensitive to the framing of the benefit, with respondents expressing higher WTP for the benefit expressed as a life expectancy gain. The life expectancy format performs better than the risk reduction format in one important regard-sensitivity to scope of the benefit-and no worse than the risk reduction format in other regards. Conclusion. Expressing longevity benefits in terms of life expectancy appears to hold promise as a method for enhancing the validity of economic evaluation of health care programs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Risk Anal, Boston, MA USA. RP Morris, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-28, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0272-989X J9 MED DECIS MAKING JI Med. Decis. Mak. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 21 IS 6 BP 468 EP 478 DI 10.1177/02729890122062820 PG 11 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Informatics GA 494PU UT WOS:000172291700005 PM 11760104 ER PT J AU Murga, R Forster, TS Brown, E Pruckler, JM Fields, BS Donlan, RM AF Murga, R Forster, TS Brown, E Pruckler, JM Fields, BS Donlan, RM TI Role of biofilms in the survival of Legionella pneumophila in a model potable-water system SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article DE Hartmannella vermiformis; protozoa; growth; ecology ID MULTIPLICATION; EFFICACY; AMEBAS AB Legionellae can infect and multiply intracellularly in both human phagocytic cells and protozoa. Growth of legionellae in the absence of protozoa has been documented only on complex laboratory media. The hypothesis upon which this study was based was that biofilm matrices, known to provide a habitat and a gradient of nutrients, might allow the survival and multiplication of legionellae outside a host cell. This study determined whether Legionella pneumophila can colonize and grow in biofilms with and without an association with Hartmannella vermiformis. The laboratory model used a rotating disc reactor at a retention time of 6(.)7 h to grow biofilms on stainless steel coupons. The biofilm was composed of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and a Flavobacterium sp. The levels of L. pneumophila cells present in the biofilm were monitored for 15 d, with and without the presence of H. vermiformis, and it was found that, although unable to replicate in the absence of H. vermiformis, L. pneumophila was able to persist. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Murga, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 169 Z9 179 U1 0 U2 21 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD NOV PY 2001 VL 147 BP 3121 EP 3126 PN 11 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 492YR UT WOS:000172195600024 PM 11700362 ER PT J AU Gerrard, SR Nichol, ST AF Gerrard, SR Nichol, ST TI Characterization of Rift Valley Fever virus envelope glycoproteins SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2001 VL 12 SU S MA 405 BP 75A EP 75A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 496AL UT WOS:000172372500406 ER PT J AU Glodowski, DR Petersen, JM Dahlberg, JE AF Glodowski, DR Petersen, JM Dahlberg, JE TI Nuclear localization of the Matrix protein of VSV, an inhibitor of nucleocytoplasmic transport SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2001 VL 12 SU S MA 583 BP 107A EP 107A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 496AL UT WOS:000172372500583 ER PT J AU Kanitz, MH Witzmann, F Conover, D Lotz, WG Savage, RE AF Kanitz, MH Witzmann, F Conover, D Lotz, WG Savage, RE TI Identification of protein biomarkers in magnetic field (MF)-treated human glioma cells SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Indiana Univ Purdue Univ, Columbus, IN 47203 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2001 VL 12 SU S MA 799 BP 147A EP 147A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 496AL UT WOS:000172372500799 ER PT J AU Gatesman, AS Qian, Y Jiang, BH Shi, XL Flynn, DC AF Gatesman, AS Qian, Y Jiang, BH Shi, XL Flynn, DC TI AKT regulates AFAP-110 expression SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Cell Biol, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIOSH, PPRB, CDC, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CELL BIOLOGY PI BETHESDA PA 8120 WOODMONT AVE, STE 750, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2755 USA SN 1059-1524 J9 MOL BIOL CELL JI Mol. Biol. Cell PD NOV PY 2001 VL 12 SU S MA 853 BP 157A EP 157A PG 1 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 496AL UT WOS:000172372500853 ER PT J AU Krieg, EF Chrislip, DW Letz, RE Otto, DA Crespo, CJ Brightwell, WS Ehrenberg, RL AF Krieg, EF Chrislip, DW Letz, RE Otto, DA Crespo, CJ Brightwell, WS Ehrenberg, RL TI Neurobehavioral test performance in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE NES; NHANES III; simple reaction time; symbol-digit substitution; serial digit learning; demographic; questionnaire ID BEHAVIORAL EVALUATION SYSTEM; NITROUS-OXIDE EXPOSURE; LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; TEST BATTERY; ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONSTRUCTION PAINTERS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; UNITED-STATES; REACTION-TIME AB The third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) contained three computerized neurobehavioral tests from the Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES): simple reaction time, symbol-digit substitution and serial digit learning. The neurobehavioral data that were collected came from a nationally representative sample of adults 20-59 years old. Performance on the tests was related to sex, age, education level, family income and race-ethnicity. Performance decreased as age increased, and increased as education level and family income increased. Differences in performance between sexes, levels of education and racial-ethnic groups tended to decrease as family income increased. The relationship between age and performance on the symbol-digit substitution test varied by education level and by racial-ethnic group. The relationship between age and performance on the serial digit learning test varied by racial-ethnic group. Questionnaire variables that were related to performance on one or more of the tests included the reported amount of last night's sleep, energy level, computer or video game familiarity, alcoholic beverages within the last 3 h and effort. Persons who took the tests in English or Spanish performed differently on the symbol-digit substitution and serial digit learning tests. Performance on all the tests decreased as test room temperature increased. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. NIOSH, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Krieg, EF (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS C-22, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 68 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 23 IS 6 BP 569 EP 589 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(01)00177-5 PG 21 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 505WH UT WOS:000172938200006 PM 11792526 ER PT J AU Banta, HD Thacker, SB AF Banta, HD Thacker, SB TI Historical controversy in health technology assessment: The case of electronic fetal monitoring SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Article ID CONTROLLED TRIAL; DEBATE; EXPERIENCE; PREGNANCY; EFFICACY; SAFETY; LABOR; CARE AB Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) was introduced in the late 1950s as an alternative to traditional auscultation by stethoscope or fetoscope in the management of labor and delivery. The new technology was seen as a valuable tool in the prevention of cerebral palsy and other adverse fetal outcomes and diffused rapidly into clinical practice. In the late 1970s, some scepticism began to be voiced about the evidence for the effectiveness of EFM. The authors published a systematic review of the evidence in 1979 that concluded that there was insufficient evidence for the effectiveness of the routine use of EFM and a clear rise in the cesarean delivery rate associated with its use. The analysis was based on a thorough review of approximately 600 books and articles, but focused heavily on the evidence of four randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that had been published. An economic analysis further underscored the importance of this issue. The report was met with harsh ad hominem criticism from clinicians both in public venues and in the medical literature. Subsequently, additional RCTs were conducted and other analyzes were published, and in 1987 the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommended that auscultation was an acceptable alternative to EFM in routine labor and delivery. Yet, today EFM continues to be the standard of practice, used in 80% of labors in this country. The most important conclusion drawn from this experience is the need to evaluate new technologies before their widespread diffusion into clinical practice. Target Audience: Obstetricians & Gynecologists, Family Physicians Learning Objectives: After completion of this article, the reader will be able to summarize the current state of knowledge of electronic fetal monitoring based on the expectations for decreasing fetal morbidity and mortality. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Netherlands Org Appl Sci Res, NL-2301 CE Leiden, Netherlands. RP Thacker, SB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM sbt1@cdc.gov NR 74 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 EI 1533-9866 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 56 IS 11 BP 707 EP 719 PG 13 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 495WN UT WOS:000172363500002 ER PT J AU Stefonek, KR Maerz, LL Nielsen, MP Besser, RE Cieslak, PR AF Stefonek, KR Maerz, LL Nielsen, MP Besser, RE Cieslak, PR TI Group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis preceded by positive surveillance cultures SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI; INFECTIONS AB Background: Screening of pregnant women for vaginal and rectal carriage of group B streptococci may also identify group A streptococcal carriers. Ile clinical significance of prenatal group A streptococcal carriage is unknown. Cases: Two women developed group A streptococcal puerperal sepsis after delivery at one hospital 15 months apart. The first patient required hysterectomy and suffered complications including subcapsular hepatic hematoma, pleural effusion, and prolonged ileus. She recovered after a 35-day hospitalization. The second patient had endometritis and recovered. Both had had group A streptococci isolated from vaginal and rectal cultures taken for prenatal group B streptococcal screening. The acute sepsis isolates were both M-type 28, but pulsed-field gel electrophoresis determined that the strains were unrelated. Conclusions: Finding group A streptococci on prenatal culture may presage serious postpartum infection. (Obstet Gynecol 2001;98:846-8. (C) 2001 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.). C1 Willamette Falls Hosp, Oregon City, OR USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Childhood & Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stefonek, KR (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Div, 800 NE Oregon St,Suite 772, Portland, OR 97232 USA. NR 10 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 98 IS 5 BP 846 EP 848 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01611-8 PN 1 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 488TT UT WOS:000171952400024 PM 11704180 ER PT J AU Lewis, E Shinefield, HR Woodruff, BA Black, SB Destefano, F Chen, RT Ensor, R AF Lewis, E Shinefield, HR Woodruff, BA Black, SB Destefano, F Chen, RT Ensor, R CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Workgrp TI Safety of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine administration SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE vaccine; hepatitis B; neonatal; safety ID IMMUNE GLOBULIN; PREVENTION AB Objective. To determine whether hepatitis B vaccination of newborns increases the incidence of fever and/or suspected sepsis. Methods. A prospective clinical study was undertaken at the Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center involving normal full term newborns born between November 1, 1991, and April 30, 1994. During this time 3302 infants were vaccinated within 21 days of birth with hepatitis B vaccine, and 2353 were not. Clinical and demographic data were collected from Kaiser Permanente's existing clinical information systems, and laboratory data for blood and cerebrospinal. fluid (CSF) cultures were obtained from the comprehensive automated regional laboratory reporting system. Results. There were no significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated newborns in the proportion of infants who received care for fever (0.8% vaccinated and 1.1% unvaccinated, P = 0.28), allergic reactions, seizures or other neurologic events in the first 21 days of life. Vaccinated newborns were significantly less likely to undergo microbiologic evaluation for possible sepsis. Among vaccinated newborns 4.0% had blood cultures and 1.6% had CSF cultures. Among infants who were not vaccinated 8.3% had blood cultures and 1.6% had CSF cultures (P < 0.001 for both tests). Conclusion. This study found no evidence that newborn hepatitis B vaccination is associated with an increase in the number of febrile episodes, sepsis evaluations or allergic or neurologic events. In addition our data did not support any increase in medical procedures attributed to receipt of hepatitis B vaccine. C1 Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, Oakland, CA 94610 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Shinefield, HR (reprint author), Kaiser Permanente Vaccine Study Ctr, 1 Kaiser Pl 16th Floor, Oakland, CA 94610 USA. NR 9 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1049 EP 1054 DI 10.1097/00006454-200111000-00009 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 492UU UT WOS:000172186600007 PM 11734710 ER PT J AU Cunliffe, NA Dove, W Jiang, BM Cert, BDMT Broadhead, RL Molyneux, ME Hart, CA AF Cunliffe, NA Dove, W Jiang, BM Cert, BDMT Broadhead, RL Molyneux, ME Hart, CA TI Detection of group C rotavirus in children with acute gastroenteritis in Blantyre, Malawi SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE gastroenteritis; group C rotavirus; Africa ID SOUTH-AFRICA; DIARRHEA; BRAZIL AB Among 606 children who were treated for acute gastroenteritis at the Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi, Group C rotavirus (Gp C RV) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in fecal specimens from 16 (3.9%) of 408 inpatients and in 4 (2.0%) of 198 outpatients. Thirteen (65%) children excreting Gp C RV were coinfected with Group A rotavirus. C1 Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Wellcome Trust Res Lab, Blantyre, Malawi. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Liverpool, Wellcome Trust Res Lab, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Univ Liverpool, Dept Med Microbiol & Genitourinary Med, Liverpool, Merseyside, England. Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Dept Paediat, Blantyre, Malawi. RP Cunliffe, NA (reprint author), Univ Malawi, Coll Med, Wellcome Trust Res Lab, Blantyre, Malawi. OI Cunliffe, Nigel/0000-0002-5449-4988 NR 12 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1088 EP 1090 DI 10.1097/00006454-200111000-00018 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 492UU UT WOS:000172186600016 PM 11734719 ER PT J AU Henderson, SL Lindsay, MK Higgins, JE Clark, WS Bulterys, M Nesheim, SR AF Henderson, SL Lindsay, MK Higgins, JE Clark, WS Bulterys, M Nesheim, SR TI Experience with routine voluntary perinatal human immunodeficiency virus testing in an inner city hospital SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE perinatal transmission; human immunodeficiency virus infection; acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; zidovudine; pregnancy ID ZIDOVUDINE USE; TRANSMISSION; HIV; INFECTION; TYPE-1 AB Women enrolled in prenatal care at Grady Health System, Atlanta, GA, have routinely been offered HIV counseling and voluntary testing since 1987. Consistently > 90% have accepted testing. With implementation of US Public Health Service guidelines for perinatal zidovudine prophylaxis in 1994, the mother-to-child HIV transmission rate rapidly decreased from 18% to 8% during the subsequent 2 years. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Gynecol & Obstet, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Henderson, SL (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Pediat, Sch Med, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU404456-09] NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 20 IS 11 BP 1090 EP 1092 DI 10.1097/00006454-200111000-00019 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 492UU UT WOS:000172186600017 PM 11734720 ER PT J AU Meyerhoff, AS Weniger, BG Jacobs, RJ AF Meyerhoff, AS Weniger, BG Jacobs, RJ TI Economic value to parents of reducing the pain and emotional distress of childhood vaccine injections SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Recent Development in Combination Vaccines: Clinical Implications CY NOV 01-02, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE vaccines; economics; cost-benefit analysis; cost; immunizations; injections ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; MISSED OPPORTUNITIES; CONTINGENT VALUATION; HEALTH-CARE; LOS-ANGELES; IMMUNIZATION; CHILDREN; PROVIDERS; VACCINATIONS; PREFERENCES AB Background. One reason that recommended childhood immunizations due at child health visits are deferred is to avoid the pain and emotional; distress associated with the increasing number of injections required. This deferral leads to additional visits and costs and reduced immunoprotection against vaccine-preventable illnesses. To assess the economic value of combination vaccines that address this problem, we surveyed parents to determine the amount they would be willing to pay to avoid the pain and emotional distress experienced by their infants from injections. Methods. A self-administered questionnaire was completed within 24 h of the vaccinations by 294 parents of children ages 1 1/2 to 7 months receiving vaccine injections at 26 outpatient child health centers. The willingness-to-pay (WTP) method was used to estimate the intangible cost of the pain and emotional distress of the 1 to 4 injections their child had received. Parents were asked how much of their own money they would have paid to avoid these injections, without any compromise in the safety and efficacy of the vaccinations. Results. Wide variations in WTP amounts were observed, ranging from median values of 10 to $25 and average values of $57.06 to $79.28 to avoid the pain and emotional distress associated with eliminating all injections at visits in which one to four injections were administered. Parents placed greater value on reductions that avoided all injections than on reductions that avoided only some injections. Overall the median cost per injection avoided was $8.14, and the mean was $30.28. Conclusions. Parents have strong preferences for limiting vaccine injections. The economic cost of the pain and distress associated with such injections, reflected in the amounts they report they would be willing to pay to avoid them, represents a substantial component of the cost of disease control through immunization. C1 Capitol Outcomes Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meyerhoff, AS (reprint author), Capitol Outcomes Res Inc, 6188 Old Franconia Rd, Alexandria, VA 22310 USA. NR 45 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 20 IS 11 SU S BP S57 EP S62 DI 10.1097/00006454-200111001-00009 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 494CY UT WOS:000172263300009 PM 11704725 ER PT J AU Sewell, EC Jacobson, SH Weniger, BG AF Sewell, EC Jacobson, SH Weniger, BG TI "Reverse engineering" a formulary selection algorithm to determine the economic value of pentavalent and hexavalent combination vaccines SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Recent Development in Combination Vaccines: Clinical Implications CY NOV 01-02, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE combination vaccines; cost control; decision support techniques; economics; formularies; group purchasing; immunization; operations research; immunization program; linear program; vaccines ID CHILDREN; EXTRAIMMUNIZATION; VACCINATIONS; TIME AB Introduction. Combination vaccines with overlapping, noncomplementary components are being introduced to reduce the number of separate injections required to immunize children. A vaccine selection algorithm using operations research techniques was developed as a tool for vaccine purchasers to assemble formularies of monovalent and combination vaccines that would satisfy the recommended immunization schedule. The algorithm weighs distinguishing features of economic consequence among competing vaccines to achieve the lowest overall cost to payers and/or to society for immunization. This method was adapted here to solve for the purchase price of several hypothetical future pentavalent and hexavalent combination vaccines that would permit each to "win" a place in such a lowest cost formulary. Methods. Integer programming and an iterative bisection search method determined the maximum "inclusion price" of 4 vaccines not licensed in the United States as of September, 2001 [diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTPa)-Haemophilus influenzae type b (HIB)-hepatitis B (HBV), DTPa-HIB-inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), DTPa-HBV-IPV and DTPa-HIB-HBV-IPV], in competition with 15 existing formulations of licensed vaccines for these diseases at their March, 2000, federal contract discount prices. Both 5-visit and 6-visit scenarios were studied. Different preparation costs were assigned to lyophilized powder ($1.50), liquid ($0.75) and prefilled-syringe ($0.25) formulations/ packaging. Injection costs were varied stepwise from $5 through $45 for each dose administered, shifting from a payer's to a societal perspective. Results. Overall inclusion prices (maximum price for each candidate vaccine to be included in a lowest cost formulary) ranged from $9 to $129 per dose depending on cost assumptions and usage frequency (values would be higher if competing against private-sector vaccine prices). The range was $27 to $68 per dose for DTPa-HIB-HBV, at optimal utilization to avoid extravaccination. Similarly, as injection costs varied from $5 to $45, DTp(a)-HIB-IPV ranged from $28 to $75. With the same assumptions, DTPa-HBV-IPV would earn a place in a best value formulary at prices from $35 to $76. As expected the inclusion prices for hexavalent DTPa-HIB-HBV-IPV, $40 to $123, were higher (reflecting more economic value) than for pentavalents. When the assumed injection costs rose to greater than or equal to $8, the more expensive HIB-HBV and DTPa-HIB tended to appear in lowest cost formularies, because their cost premium over separate monovalent and trivalent products was outweighed by the savings from one fewer injection. Conclusion. Reverse engineering the vaccine selection algorithm provides a tool to demonstrate the economic value of new combination vaccines and to make pricing decisions. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Edwardsville, IL 62026 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Safety & Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jacobson, SH (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, 1206 W Green St,MC-244, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. NR 43 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 20 IS 11 SU S BP S45 EP S56 DI 10.1097/00006454-200111001-00008 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 494CY UT WOS:000172263300008 PM 11704724 ER PT J AU Yusuf, H Daniels, D Mast, EE Coronado, V AF Yusuf, H Daniels, D Mast, EE Coronado, V TI Hepatitis B vaccination coverage among United States children SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting on Recent Development in Combination Vaccines: Clinical Implications CY NOV 01-02, 1999 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA DE hepatitis; vaccination; children ID VIRUS-INFECTION; IMMUNIZATION; PROGRAM; HEALTH AB Background. In 1991 the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended vaccination of all infants with three doses of hepatitis B virus vaccine (HepB) by 18 months of age as a key component of a comprehensive strategy to eliminate hepatitis B virus transmission in the United States. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Academy of Family Physicians published similar recommendations soon afterward. Methods. Data were obtained from the National Immunization Survey, a survey that began in 1994 and is conducted quarterly by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to estimate vaccination coverage among noninstitutionalized US children 19 to 35 months of age. Results. The 1999 National Immunization Survey data indicate that similar to 88.1% (95% confidence interval, 87.4, 88.8) of children 19 to 35 months of age had received at least three doses of HepB (HepB3). There has been a consistent increase in HepB3 coverage since 1994. However, the rate of increase has slowed in recent years and HepB3 coverage remains lower than coverage attained with three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae vaccines. HepB3 coverage varied slightly by race/ethnicity and was highest among white and Asian children (89%). Coverage also varied by state; 26 states had levels of at least 90%. Conclusions. Since the 1991 recommendations for universal hepatitis B vaccination, there has been a dramatic increase in coverage levels among children 19 to 35 months of age. However, the Childhood Immunization Initiative goal of 90% coverage has not been reached. Therefore continued efforts are needed to protect US children against this serious but preventable infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Assessment Branch, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yusuf, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 20 IS 11 SU S BP S30 EP S33 DI 10.1097/00006454-200111001-00005 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 494CY UT WOS:000172263300005 PM 11704721 ER PT J AU Baltimore, RS Huie, SM Meek, JI Schuchat, A O'Brien, KL AF Baltimore, RS Huie, SM Meek, JI Schuchat, A O'Brien, KL TI Early-onset neonatal sepsis in the era of group B streptococcal prevention SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE neonatal infections; sepsis; bacterial infections; bacterial infections/cause; bacterial infections/prevention and control; infant; premature; newborn ID DOSE PENICILLIN PROPHYLAXIS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; CONTROLLED TRIAL; DISEASE; AMPICILLIN; CONSEQUENCES; INFECTIONS AB Objective. To determine whether intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for neonatal group B streptococcal (GBS) disease has resulted in an increased rate of non-GBS or antibiotic-resistant early-onset invasive neonatal disease. Methods. Maternal and infant chart review of all infants with bacteria other than GBS isolated from blood or spinal fluid in 1996 through 1999 in 19 hospitals (representing 81% of in-state births to state residents) throughout Connecticut. Suspected cases were identified through clinical microbiology laboratory records or through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes when microbiology records were incomplete. Results. Ninety-four cases of non-GBS early-onset sepsis or meningitis were detected between 1996 and 1999. The rate of GBS-related early-onset infection (days 0-6 of life) dropped from 0.61/1000 to 0.23/1000 births, but the annual rate of non-GBS sepsis remained steady, ranging from 0.65 to 0.68/1000 during the surveillance period. There was an increase in the proportion of Escherichia coli infections that were ampicillin resistant between 1996 and 1998, but the proportion decreased. in 1999 Conclusion. There was no increase in the incidence of non-GBS early-onset neonatal infections between 1996 and 1999. Fluctuations in the annual incidence of E coli infections, including ampicillin-resistant infections, suggest the need for continuation of surveillance in Connecticut and expansion to monitor larger populations. C1 Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baltimore, RS (reprint author), Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Box 208064, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU111188-07] NR 19 TC 110 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2001 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1094 EP 1098 DI 10.1542/peds.108.5.1094 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 488FH UT WOS:000171925200025 PM 11694686 ER PT J AU Armstrong, GL Mast, EE Wojczynski, M Margolis, HS AF Armstrong, GL Mast, EE Wojczynski, M Margolis, HS TI Childhood hepatitis B virus infections in the United States before hepatitis B immunization SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis B; incidence; prevalence; immunization ID HEPATOCELLULAR-CARCINOMA; CARRIER STATE; CHILDREN; PREVALENCE; VACCINATION; TAIWAN; TRANSMISSION; PROGRAM; AGE; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB Objective. To estimate the number of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections among US children younger than 10 years before implementation of routine childhood hepatitis B immunization. Methods. Incidence of HBV infection in children was modeled from existing prevalence data by means of regression analysis. Sources of data for the models included published and unpublished surveys that determined the prevalence of HBV infection in US-born children. The number of nonperinatal HBV infections in children younger than 10 years was estimated by applying these infection rates to 1991 population data according to maternal race, ethnicity, and birthplace. Results. Estimated annual rates of infection ranged from 24 per 100 000 in non-Asian children to 2580 per 100 000 in children of Southeast Asian immigrant mothers. These rates indicate that by the early 1990s, HBV was infecting 16 000 children who were younger than 10 years (8700 non-Asian children and 7300 Asian-American children) annually. The total estimate, not including perinatal infections, ranged from 12 000 (95% confidence interval: 5500-27 700) to 24 900 (95% confidence interval: 16 700-42 300) infections and depended on how the estimated rates were applied to the population data. Conclusion. Thousands of US children were infected each year with HBV before routine infant hepatitis B immunization, placing them at high risk of death from cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma later in life. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Armstrong, GL (reprint author), Mailstop G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 49 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2001 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1123 EP 1128 DI 10.1542/peds.108.5.1123 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 488FH UT WOS:000171925200030 PM 11694691 ER PT J AU Bertrand, J Mars, A Boyle, C Bove, F Yeargin-Allsopp, M Decoufle, P AF Bertrand, J Mars, A Boyle, C Bove, F Yeargin-Allsopp, M Decoufle, P TI Prevalence of autism in a United States population: The Brick Township, New Jersey, investigation SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE autism; prevalence; developmental disabilities; Brick Township ID PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS; CHILDREN; SURVEILLANCE; INDIVIDUALS; BEHAVIOR AB Objective. This study determined the prevalence of autism for a defined community, Brick Township, New Jersey, using current diagnostic and epidemiologic methods. Methods. The target population was children who were 3 to 10 years of age in 1998, who were residents of Brick Township at any point during that year, and who had an autism spectrum disorder. Autism spectrum disorder was defined as autistic disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), and Asperger disorder. The study used 4 sources for active case finding: special education records, records from local clinicians providing diagnosis or treatment for developmental or behavioral disabilities, lists of children from community parent groups, and families who volunteered for participation in the study in response to media attention. The autism diagnosis was verified (or ruled out) for 71% of the children through clinical assessment. The assessment included medical and developmental history, physical and neurologic evaluation, assessment of intellectual and behavioral functioning, and administration of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic. Results. The prevalence of all autism spectrum disorders combined was 6.7 cases per 1000 children. The prevalence for children whose condition met full diagnostic criteria for autistic disorder was 4.0 cases per 1000 children, and the prevalence for PDD-NOS and Asperger disorder was 2.7 cases per 1000 children. Characteristics of children with autism in this study were similar to those in previous studies of autism. Conclusions. The prevalence of autism in Brick Township seems to be higher than that in other studies, particularly studies conducted in the United States, but within the range of a few recent studies in smaller populations that used more thorough case-finding methods. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Dept Dev Disabil, New Brunswick, NJ USA. Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bertrand, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS-F49, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 37 TC 319 Z9 333 U1 3 U2 29 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2001 VL 108 IS 5 BP 1155 EP 1161 DI 10.1542/peds.108.5.1155 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 488FH UT WOS:000171925200034 PM 11694696 ER PT J AU Venczel, LV Desai, MM Vertz, PD England, B Hutin, YJF Shapiro, CN Bell, BP AF Venczel, LV Desai, MM Vertz, PD England, B Hutin, YJF Shapiro, CN Bell, BP TI The role of child care in a community-wide outbreak of hepatitis A SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE hepatitis A; immunization; child care ID CENTERS; RISK AB Objective. To evaluate the role of child care centers in a community-wide hepatitis A epidemic. Methods. We analyzed surveillance data during an epidemic in Maricopa County, Arizona, from January to October 1997 and conducted a case-control study using a sample of cases reported from June to November. Cases were physician-diagnosed and laboratory confirmed; control subjects were frequency matched by age and neighborhood. Information regarding hepatitis A risk factors, including child care-related exposures, was collected. Characteristics of all licensed child care centers in the county were obtained through review of computerized lists from the Arizona Office of Child Day Care Licensing. Surveillance data were linked to the child care list to determine which centers had reported hepatitis A cases. We conducted univariate and multivariate conditional logistic analyses and calculated population attributable risks (PAR). Results. In total, 1242 cases (50/100 000 population) were reported. The highest rates occurred among people aged 0 to 4 (76/100 000), 5 to 14 (95/100 000), and 15 to 29 (79/100 000) years. The most frequently reported risk factor was contact with a hepatitis A patient (45%). However, nearly 80% of these contacts were with individuals who attended or worked in a child care center. Overall, child care center-related contact could have been the source of infection for 34% of case-patients. In the case-control study, case-patients (n = 116) and control subjects (n = 116) did not differ with respect to demographic characteristics. A total of 51% of case-patients compared with 18% of control subjects reported attending or working in a child care setting (direct contact; adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 6.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.1-23.0) or being a household contact of such a person (indirect contact; OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.3-8.0). In age-stratified analyses, the association between hepatitis A and direct or indirect contact with child care settings was strongest for children <6 years old and adults aged 18 to 34 years. Household contact with a person with hepatitis A also was associated with hepatitis A (OR: 9.2; 95% CI: 2.6-58.2). The presence of a child <5 years old in the household was not associated with hepatitis A. The estimated PAR for direct child care contact was 23% (95% CI: 16-34), for indirect child care contact was 21% (95% CI: 13-35), and for any child care contact was 40% (95% CI: 30-53). Information on 1243 licensed child care centers was obtained, with capacity ranging from 5 to 479 slots (mean: 87). Thirty-four (2.7%) centers reported hepatitis A cases. Centers that had a mean capacity of >50 children were more than twice as likely to have had a reported case of hepatitis A (OR: 2.6; 95% CI: 1.1-6.7). Among the 747 centers that accepted >50 children, having infant (OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.6-8.3), toddler (OR: 6.3; 95% CI: 2.2-20.0), or full-day service (OR; undefined; 95% CI: 1.7-proportional to) was associated with having a reported case of hepatitis A. Conclusions. In Maricopa County, people associated with child care settings are at increased risk of hepatitis A, and child care attendees may be an appropriate target group for hepatitis A vaccination. Considering the estimated proportion of children who attended child care and were old enough to receive hepatitis A vaccine (greater than or equal to2 years of age) and the calculated PAR, approximately 40% of cases might have been prevented if child care center attendees and staff had been vaccinated. However, epidemiologic studies indicate that the proportion of cases that are attributable to child care center exposure varies considerably among counties, suggesting that this exposure may be associated with an increased risk of hepatitis A in some communities but not in others. To prevent and control hepatitis A epidemics in communities, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and the American Academy of Pediatrics have adopted a longterm strategy of routine vaccination of children who live in areas with consistently elevated hepatitis A rates. After demonstrating cost-effectiveness, a rule was implemented in January 1999 to require hepatitis A vaccination of all children who are aged 2 to 5 years and enrolled in a licensed child care facility in Maricopa County. Other communities with similar epidemiologic features might consider routine vaccination of child care center attendees as a long-term hepatitis A prevention strategy. Consistent with current recommendations, in communities with persistently elevated hepatitis A rates where child care center attendance does not play an important role in hepatitis A virus transmission in the community, child care centers may nonetheless provide a convenient access point for delivering hepatitis A as well as other routine childhood vaccinations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Arizona Dept Hlth Serv, Phoenix, AZ 85007 USA. RP Bell, BP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD NOV PY 2001 VL 108 IS 5 BP art. no. EP e78 DI 10.1542/peds.108.5.e78 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 488FH UT WOS:000171925200001 PM 11694662 ER PT J AU Baker, EL White, LE Lichtveld, MY AF Baker, EL White, LE Lichtveld, MY TI Reducing health disparities through community-based research SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Ctr Appl Environm Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Baker, EL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 8 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 116 IS 6 BP 517 EP 519 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 586VR UT WOS:000177607300004 PM 12196610 ER PT J AU Galea, S Factor, SH Bonner, S Foley, M Freudenberg, N Latka, M Palermo, AG Vlahov, D AF Galea, S Factor, SH Bonner, S Foley, M Freudenberg, N Latka, M Palermo, AG Vlahov, D TI Collaboration among community members, local health service providers, and researchers in an Urban Research Center in Harlem, New York SO PUBLIC HEALTH REPORTS LA English DT Article ID RISK-FACTORS; SOCIAL-ENVIRONMENT; HEPATITIS-C; INTERVENTION; MORTALITY; CITY AB The Urban Research Center at the Center for Urban Epidemiologic Studies brings together community members and researchers working in Harlem, New York. A Community Advisory Board (CAB) composed of community members, service providers, public health professionals, and researchers was formed to assist the Center's research and interventions and to guide community partnerships. Through a collaborative process, the CAB identified three public health problems-substance use, infectious diseases, and asthma-as action priorities. To deal with substance use, the Center created a Web-based resource guide for service providers and a "survival guide" for substance users, designed to improve access to community services. To deal with infectious diseases, the Center is collaborating with local community-based organizations on an intervention that trains injection drug users to serve as peer mentors to motivate behavior change among other injection drug users. To deal with asthma, the Center is collaborating with community child care providers on an educational intervention to increase asthma awareness among day care teaching staff, enhance communication between staff and families, and improve the self-management skills of children with asthma. The Center's experience has demonstrated that active communities and responsive researchers can establish partnerships that improve community health. C1 New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, Community Adv Board, New York, NY 10029 USA. Columbia Univ, Mailman Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Dept Community & Prevent Med, New York, NY USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Program Urban Publ Hlth, New York, NY 10021 USA. Mt Sinai Sch Med, Inst Medicare Practice, New York, NY USA. RP Galea, S (reprint author), New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, Community Adv Board, 1216 5th Ave,Rm 556, New York, NY 10029 USA. NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 0033-3549 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH REP JI Public Health Rep. PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 116 IS 6 BP 530 EP 539 DI 10.1093/phr/116.6.530 PG 10 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 586VR UT WOS:000177607300006 PM 12196612 ER PT J AU Vazquez-Flores, S Ballesteros-Rodea, G Flisser, A Schantz, PM AF Vazquez-Flores, S Ballesteros-Rodea, G Flisser, A Schantz, PM TI Hygiene and restraint of pigs is associated with absence of Taenia solium cysticercosis in a rural community of Mexico SO SALUD PUBLICA DE MEXICO LA English DT Article DE cysticercosis; swine; risk factors; Taenia solium; Western Blotting; Mexico ID ANTIGENS; NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS; INTERVENTION AB Objective. To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated to pig cysticercosis in a rural community of Veracruz, Mexico. Material and Methods. Swine cysticercosis was diagnosed by tongue palpation and circulating antibodies in pigs kept in 178 household backyards. Risk factors were assessed by interviewing owners to collect information on pig breeding conditions and demographic characteristics. Results. None of the 53 pigs studied showed cysts in the tongue, nor antibodies against Taenia solium in Western blot assays. Latrines were available in 91% of the houses and pigs were kept in restrained areas. Conclusions. The present study shows that pig breeding under restraint with basic hygiene and sanitary conditions, may be effective and practical interventions to restrain Taenia solium in rural communities. The English version of this paper is available too at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html. C1 Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med Vet & Zootecn, Dept Parasitol, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flisser, A (reprint author), Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Fac Med, Dept Microbiol & Parasitol, 2O Piso,Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 1 PU INST NACIONAL SALUD PUBLICA PI CUERNAVACA PA AV UNIVERSIDAD 655, COL SANTA MARIA AHUACATITLAN, CUERNAVACA 62508, MORELOS, MEXICO SN 0036-3634 J9 SALUD PUBLICA MEXICO JI Salud Publica Mexico PD NOV-DEC PY 2001 VL 43 IS 6 BP 574 EP 576 DI 10.1590/S0036-36342001000600009 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 513AP UT WOS:000173356000009 PM 11816233 ER PT J AU Lary, JM Paulozzi, LJ AF Lary, JM Paulozzi, LJ TI Sex differences in the prevalence of human birth defects: A population-based study SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; CONGENITAL-MALFORMATIONS; RATIOS; TERATOGENICITY; NEURULATION; ANOMALIES; MORTALITY; CHLORIDE; FETUSES; EMBRYOS AB Background: Sex differences in the prevalence of several human birth defects have often been reported in the literature, but the extent of sex differences for most birth defects is unknown. To determine the full extent of sex differences in birth defects in a population, we examined population-based data from the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP). Methods: MACDP records were analyzed for 1968 through 1995. We determined the sex-specific prevalence of all major birth defects, using the total number of live births by sex during these years as the denominator. For each specific defect, we calculated a relative risk with regard to sex on the basis of the ratio of prevalence among males to prevalence among females. Male-female relative risks were also determined for total major birth defects and for several broad categories of defects. Results: The overall prevalence of major defects at birth was 3.9% among males and 2.8% among females. All but two of the major categories of birth defects (nervous system defects and endocrine system defects) had a higher prevalence among males. Defects of the sex organs were eight and one-half times more prevalent among males and accounted for about half of the increased risk of birth defects among males relative to females. Urinary tract defects were 62% more prevalent among males, and gastrointestinal tract defects were 55% more prevalent among males. Among specific defect types, twofold or greater differences in prevalence by sex were common. Conclusions: Our data indicate that sex differences in the prevalence of specific human birth defects are common, and male infants are at greater risk for birth defects than female infants. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for these differences. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Lary, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, MS F-45,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 54 TC 74 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD NOV PY 2001 VL 64 IS 5 BP 237 EP 251 DI 10.1002/tera.1070 PG 15 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 489AH UT WOS:000171969200002 PM 11745830 ER PT J AU Benson, JM Ellingsen, D El-Jamil, M Jenkins, M Miller, CH Dilley, A Evatt, BL Hooper, WC AF Benson, JM Ellingsen, D El-Jamil, M Jenkins, M Miller, CH Dilley, A Evatt, BL Hooper, WC TI Factor V leiden and factor V R2 allele: High-throughput analysis and association with venous thromboembolism SO THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS LA English DT Article DE factor V Leiden; R2 allele; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); TaqMan((R)); venous thrombosis ID PROTEIN-C RESISTANCE; 5'-NUCLEASE ASSAY; MUTATION; GENE; THROMBOSIS; RISK; DISCRIMINATION; PREVALENCE; CARRIERS; PLASMA AB Thrombophilia is a multigenic disease in which the combination of genetic polymorphisms increases the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The rapid identification of these genetic combinations requires high-throughput analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The TaqMan (R) fluorogenic 5'-->3' nuclease assay (PE/Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) with custom-designed primers, probes and controls has provided a highly efficient platform for high throughput. This assay was used to rapidly detect two SNPs, FV Leiden (G1691A) and FV A4070G (R2 allele), in a study of 6295 subjects. With one thermal cycler, we completed sample set-up, PCR and analysis on 84 samples in 3 h with an additional 12 wells containing 4 "no template controls" (NTC), 4 "allele-1 controls", and 4 "allele-2 controls" in a 96-well plate. When additional thermal cyclers were used and more assays were set up while the initial sets of reactions were in the PCR machines, the output could correspondingly be increased. The TaqMan (R) assay was extremely accurate, avoided contamination by using uracil-N-glycolase (UNG) in a single, closed tube, and offered the possibility for additional automation with robotic equipment to implement the PCR. This TaqMan (R) assay facilitates high throughput to screen large populations quickly and economically while utilizing a simple protocol that requires minimal expenditure of personnel time. Our results demonstrated a prevalence of the R2 allele of 11.9% in U. S. Caucasians, 5.6% in African-Americans, 13.4% in Asian or Pacific Islanders and 11.3% in Hispanics. No association between venous thromboembolism and the R2 allele was noted, and furthermore no interaction with FV Leiden was observed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Hematol Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hooper, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Hematol Dis Branch, MS DO2,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Miller, Connie H/0000-0002-3989-7973 NR 17 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 1 PU F K SCHATTAUER VERLAG GMBH PI STUTTGART PA P O BOX 10 45 43, LENZHALDE 3, D-70040 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0340-6245 J9 THROMB HAEMOSTASIS JI Thromb. Haemost. PD NOV PY 2001 VL 86 IS 5 BP 1188 EP 1192 PG 5 WC Hematology; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Hematology; Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 494FX UT WOS:000172272000011 PM 11816705 ER PT J AU Cordovado, SK Simone, AE Mueller, PW AF Cordovado, SK Simone, AE Mueller, PW TI High-resolution sequence-based typing strategy for HLA-DQA1 using SSP-PCR and subsequent genotyping analysis with novel spreadsheet program SO TISSUE ANTIGENS LA English DT Article DE alleles; autoimmune diseases/ge (genetics); genotyping analysis; HLA class II; HLA-DQA1; human; sequence analysis/DNA ID DEPENDENT DIABETES-MELLITUS; ASSOCIATIONS AB We present a new sequence-based typing (SBT) strategy for the polymorphic HLA-DQA1 locus that is based on sequence-specific primer polymerase chain reaction (SSP-PCR) amplification from genomic DNA. This method allows high-resolution genotyping in the second exon of the DQA1 gene. This gene presents a unique situation in which half of the known alleles contain an inframe three base pair deletion of codon 56. This deletion confounds direct SBT methodologies of heterozygous individuals containing both a deletion and nondeletion allele. The primary HLA haplotype associated with type I diabetes susceptibility is DR3/DR4. The DQA1 genotype for these two haplotypes are DQA1 *0501, a non-deletion allele and *0301, a deletion allele, thus creating a situation that cannot be resolved using a direct sequencing approach. Our group-specific SBT strategy isolates the deletion alleles from the nondeletion alleles, allowing them to be resolved by direct sequencing. Additionally, we present a novel spreadsheet program that accurately assigns the genotype of both homozygous and heterozygous persons. C1 CDCP, Div Sci Lab, Mol Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth,Natl Diabet Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Cordovado, SK (reprint author), CDCP, Div Sci Lab, Mol Biol Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth,Natl Diabet Lab, 4770 Buford Hwy MSF-50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0001-2815 J9 TISSUE ANTIGENS JI Tissue Antigens PD NOV PY 2001 VL 58 IS 5 BP 308 EP 314 DI 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.580504.x PG 7 WC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology SC Cell Biology; Immunology; Pathology GA 516MN UT WOS:000173557200004 PM 11844141 ER PT J AU Sapatnekar, S Wood, EM Miller, JP Jacobs, MR Arduino, MJ McAllister, SK Kellum, ME Roth, V Yomtovian, R AF Sapatnekar, S Wood, EM Miller, JP Jacobs, MR Arduino, MJ McAllister, SK Kellum, ME Roth, V Yomtovian, R TI Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sepsis associated with the transfusion of contaminated platelets: a case report SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL-CONTAMINATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; COMMUNITY; COMPONENTS; BLOOD; MRSA; IDENTIFICATION; SURVEILLANCE; BACTEREMIA; MANAGEMENT AB BACKGROUND: Platelet transfusion-associated sepsis is usually due to donor skin flora introduced into the unit during phlebotomy. An unusual case of a platelet component contaminated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is reported. CASE REPORT: A 54-year-old man, terminally ill with progressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, developed fever and hypotension during a platelet transfusion, He was receiving multiple antibiotics, including vancomycin. Blood cultures taken soon after transfusion were negative. An aliquot taken from the platelet pool grew MRSA at a count of 1.6 x 10(8) CFUs per mL. One of the individual bags constituting the pool showed MRSA at a count of 5.1 x 10(8) CFUs per mL. The patient died soon after the platelet transfusion. This case was reported to the FDA and submitted to the BaCon Study. The identity of the isolate and its methicillin resistance were confirmed by the CDC as part of the BaCon Study protocol. The source of contamination of the implicated unit could not be established with certainty. CONCLUSION: The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant organisms poses additional challenges for the diagnosis and treatment of transfusion-associated sepsis. Measures to prevent or intercept the transfusion of contaminated platelets should be developed. C1 Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Pathol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Amer Red Cross, Blood Serv, Cleveland, OH USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yomtovian, R (reprint author), Univ Hosp Cleveland, Dept Pathol, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 36 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD NOV PY 2001 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1426 EP 1430 DI 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2001.41111426.x PG 5 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 497AE UT WOS:000172429900020 PM 11724990 ER PT J AU Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Giles, WH Mensah, GA AF Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Giles, WH Mensah, GA TI Sudden cardiac death in the United States, 1989 to 1998 SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Article DE death, sudden; heart diseases; mortality; epidemiology ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; MINNESOTA HEART SURVEY; CORONARY DEATH; CERTIFICATE DIAGNOSIS; SEX-DIFFERENCES; RISK-FACTORS; WOMEN; DISEASE; POPULATION; VALIDATION AB Background-Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major clinical and public health problem. Methods and Results-United States (US) vital statistics mortality data from 1989 to 1998 were analyzed. SCD is defined as deaths occurring out of the hospital or in the emergency room or as "dead on arrival" with an underlying cause of death reported as a cardiac disease (ICD-9 code 390 to 398, 402, or 404 to 429). Death rates were calculated for residents of the US aged greater than or equal to 35 years and standardized to the 2000 US population. Of 719 456 cardiac deaths among adults aged greater than or equal to 35 years in 1998, 456 076 (63%) were defined as SCD. Among decedents aged 35 to 44 years, 74% of cardiac deaths were SCD. Of all SCDs in 1998, coronary heart disease (ICD-9 codes 410 to 414) was the underlying cause on 62% of death certificates. Death rates for SCD increased with age and were higher in men than women, although there was no difference at age greater than or equal to 85 years. The black population had higher death rates for SCD than white, American Indian/Alaska Native, or Asian/Pacific Islander populations. The Hispanic population had lower death rates for SCD than the non-Hispanic population. From 1989 to 1998, SCD, as the proportion of all cardiac deaths. increased 12.4% (56.3% to 63.9%), and age-adjusted SCD rates declined 11.7% in men and 5.8% in women. During the same time, age-specific death rates for SCD increased 21% among women aged 35 to 44 years. Conclusions-SCD remains an important public health problem in the US. The increase in death rates for SCD among younger women warrants additional investigation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Zheng, ZJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 34 TC 868 Z9 910 U1 4 U2 27 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 30 PY 2001 VL 104 IS 18 BP 2158 EP 2163 DI 10.1161/hc4301.098254 PG 6 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 490QP UT WOS:000172062800013 PM 11684624 ER PT J AU Nobre, FF Monteiro, ABS Telles, PR Williamson, GD AF Nobre, FF Monteiro, ABS Telles, PR Williamson, GD TI Dynamic linear model and SARIMA: a comparison of their forecasting performance in epidemiology SO STATISTICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PUBLIC-HEALTH SURVEILLANCE; MONITORING-SYSTEM AB One goal of a public health surveillance system is to provide a reliable forecast of epidemiological time series. This paper describes a study that used data collected through a national public health surveillance system in the United States to evaluate and compare the performances of a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) and a dynamic linear model (DLM) for estimating case occurrence of two notifiable diseases. The comparison uses reported cases of malaria and hepatitis A from January 1980 to June 1995 for the United States. The residuals for both predictor models show that they were adequate tools for use in epidemiological surveillance. Qualitative aspects were considered for both models to improve the comparison of their usefulness in public health. Our comparison found that the two forecasting modelling techniques (SARIMA and DLM) are comparable when long historical data are available (at least 52 reporting periods). However, the DLM approach has some advantages, such as being more easily applied to different types of time series and not requiring a new cycle of identification and modelling when new data become available. Copyright (C) 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. COPPE UFRJ, Programa Engn Biomed, BR-21945970 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. UFF, GET EGM CEG, Dept Estatist, BR-24020110 Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. State Univ Rio De Janeiro, NEPAD UERJ, BR-20940200 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Williamson, GD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, MS K74,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Nobre, Flavio/K-6179-2012 NR 18 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI W SUSSEX PA BAFFINS LANE CHICHESTER, W SUSSEX PO19 1UD, ENGLAND SN 0277-6715 J9 STAT MED JI Stat. Med. PD OCT 30 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 20 BP 3051 EP 3069 DI 10.1002/sim.963.abs PG 19 WC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Medicine, Research & Experimental; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical & Computational Biology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medical Informatics; Research & Experimental Medicine; Mathematics GA 482EY UT WOS:000171563800005 PM 11590632 ER PT J AU Courtney, T Sears, S Woytowicz, J Preston, D Smith, R Rand, P Lacombe, E Holman, M Lubelczyk, C Beckett, G Pritchard, E Gensheimer, K Beelen, A Tassler, P AF Courtney, T Sears, S Woytowicz, J Preston, D Smith, R Rand, P Lacombe, E Holman, M Lubelczyk, C Beckett, G Pritchard, E Gensheimer, K Beelen, A Tassler, P CA CDC TI Outbreak of powassan encephalitis - Maine and Vermont, 1999-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 761-764, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 So Maine Med Ctr, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. Maine Gen Med Ctr, Augusta, GA USA. Maine Gen Med Ctr, Waterville, ME USA. Maine Med Ctr, Res Inst, Lyme Dis Res Lab, Portland, OR USA. Maine Dept Human Serv, Augusta, ME 04333 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, White River Jct, VT USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. CDC, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Courtney, T (reprint author), So Maine Med Ctr, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 24 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 16 BP 1962 EP 1963 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 485JD UT WOS:000171750500004 ER PT J AU Lohff, CJ Nissen, GM Magnant, ML Quinlisk, MP Tieskoetter, CL Kowalski, PL Buss, PA Link, TA Corrigan, MR Viner, JP Behnke, AJ De Martino, MS Houston, AK AF Lohff, CJ Nissen, GM Magnant, ML Quinlisk, MP Tieskoetter, CL Kowalski, PL Buss, PA Link, TA Corrigan, MR Viner, JP Behnke, AJ De Martino, MS Houston, AK CA CDC TI Shigellosis outbreak associated with an unchlorinated fill-and-drain wading pool - Iowa, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 797-800, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. Visiting Nurse Assoc Dubuque, Dubuque, IA USA. Dubuque Cty Hlth Dept, Dubuque, IA USA. City Dubuque Hlth Serv Dept, Dubuque, IA USA. Dubuque Cty Board Hlth, Dubuque, IA USA. United Clin Labs, Dubuque, IA USA. Univ Iowa, Hyg Lab, Iowa City, IA USA. CDC, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lohff, CJ (reprint author), Iowa Dept Publ Hlth, Des Moines, IA 50319 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 24 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 16 BP 1964 EP 1965 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 485JD UT WOS:000171750500005 ER PT J AU Ezell, H Tramontin, B Hudson, R Tengelsen, L Hahn, C Smith, K Bender, J Boxrud, D Adams, J Frank, R Culbertson, K Besser, T Rice, D Gautom, R Pallipamu, R Goldoft, M Grendon, J Kobayashi, J Angulo, F Barrett, T Rossiter, S Sivapalasingam, S Wright, J AF Ezell, H Tramontin, B Hudson, R Tengelsen, L Hahn, C Smith, K Bender, J Boxrud, D Adams, J Frank, R Culbertson, K Besser, T Rice, D Gautom, R Pallipamu, R Goldoft, M Grendon, J Kobayashi, J Angulo, F Barrett, T Rossiter, S Sivapalasingam, S Wright, J CA CDC TI Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Salmonella typhimurium associated with veterinary facilities - Idaho, Minnesota, and Washington, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 701-704, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Idaho Dist Hlth Dept, Boise, ID USA. Idaho Dept Hlth & Welf, Boise, ID USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. Univ Minnesota, Coll Vet Med, Dept Vet Diagnost Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Anim Humane Soc, Golden Valley, MN USA. Washington State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. CDC, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ezell, H (reprint author), Idaho Dist Hlth Dept, Boise, ID USA. RI Besser, Thomas/A-4655-2011 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 24 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 16 BP 1965 EP 1966 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 485JD UT WOS:000171750500006 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Rosypal, AC Spencer, JA Cheadle, MA Zajac, AM Rupprecht, C Dubey, JP Blagburn, BL AF Lindsay, DS Rosypal, AC Spencer, JA Cheadle, MA Zajac, AM Rupprecht, C Dubey, JP Blagburn, BL TI Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Sarcocystis neurona in raccoons, Procyon lotor, from the United States SO VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Sarcocystis neurona; equine protozoal myeloencephalitis; raccoon; Procyon lotor; seroprevalence; agglutination test ID EQUINE PROTOZOAL MYELOENCEPHALITIS; DISTEMPER VIRUS-INFECTION; SEROPREVALENCE; ENCEPHALITIS AB Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) is the most important protozoal disease of horses in North America and it is caused by Sarcocystis neurona. Natural cases of encephalitis due to S. neurona have been reported in raccoons, Procyon lotor. We examined 99 raccoons for agglutinating antibodies to S. neurona using the S. neurona agglutination test (SAT) employing formalin-fixed merozoites as antigen. Raccoons originated in Florida (N = 24, collected in 1996), New Jersey (N = 25, collected in 1993), Pennsylvania (N = 25, collected in 1999), and Massachusetts (N = 25, collected in 1993 and 1994). We found that 58 (58.6%) of the 99 raccoons were positive for antibodies to S. neurona using the SAT; 44 of 99 raccoons (44%) had titers of greater than or equal to 1:500. This prevalence is similar to the reported seroprevalence of 33-60% for S. neurona antibodies in horses from the United States using the Western blot test. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Florida, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA ARS, Epidemiol & Systemat Lab, Anim & Nat Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016; Rosypal, Alexa/I-7114-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321; NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4017 J9 VET PARASITOL JI Vet. Parasitol. PD OCT 24 PY 2001 VL 100 IS 3-4 BP 131 EP 134 DI 10.1016/S0304-4017(01)00494-0 PG 4 WC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences SC Parasitology; Veterinary Sciences GA 495GT UT WOS:000172332400002 PM 11698158 ER PT J AU Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Labarthe, D Williams, JE Mensah, GA AF Zheng, ZJ Croft, JB Labarthe, D Williams, JE Mensah, GA TI Racial disparity in coronary heart disease mortality in the United States: Has the gap narrowed? SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 23 PY 2001 VL 104 IS 17 SU S MA 3700 BP 787 EP 787 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487UW UT WOS:000171895003670 ER PT J AU Davidson, KW Jonas, BS Gerin, W Pickering, TG AF Davidson, KW Jonas, BS Gerin, W Pickering, TG TI Systolic blood pressure, not pulse pressure, is a superior predictor of ischemic heart disease: Longitudinal evidence from the NHANES I epidemiologic follow-up study SO CIRCULATION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CUNY Mt Sinai Sch Med, New York, NY 10029 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hyattsville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0009-7322 J9 CIRCULATION JI Circulation PD OCT 23 PY 2001 VL 104 IS 17 SU S MA 3847 BP 823 EP 823 PG 1 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems; Peripheral Vascular Disease SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 487UW UT WOS:000171895003817 ER EF