FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU McDonald, LC Rossiter, S Mackinson, C Wang, YY Johnson, S Sullivan, M Sokolow, R DeBess, E Gilbert, L Benson, JA Hill, B Angulo, FJ AF McDonald, LC Rossiter, S Mackinson, C Wang, YY Johnson, S Sullivan, M Sokolow, R DeBess, E Gilbert, L Benson, JA Hill, B Angulo, FJ TI Quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant Enterococcus faecium on chicken and in human stool specimens. SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID GASTROINTESTINAL-TRACT COLONIZATION; VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT; GLYCOPEPTIDE RESISTANCE; UNITED-STATES; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; HOSPITALIZED-PATIENTS; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HIGH PREVALENCE; FECAL CARRIAGE; POULTRY FARMS AB Background: The combination of the streptogramins quinupristin and dalfopristin was approved in the United States in late 1999 for the treatment of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium infections. Since 1974, another streptogramin, virginiamycin, has been used at subtherapeutic concentrations to promote the growth of farm animals, including chickens. Methods: To determine the frequency of quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant E. faecium, we used selective medium to culture samples from chickens purchased in supermarkets in Georgia, Maryland, Minnesota, and Oregon and stool samples from outpatients. Results: Between July 1998 and June 1999, samples from 407 chickens from 26 stores in four states were cultured, as were 334 stool samples from outpatients. Quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant E. faecium was isolated from 237 chicken carcasses and 3 stool specimens. The resistant isolates from stool had low-level resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC], 4 mug per milliliter; resistance was defined as a MIC of at least 4 mug per milliliter). The resistant isolates from chickens in general had higher levels of resistance (MICs ranging from 4 to 32 microg per milliliter; MIC required to inhibit 50 percent of isolates, 8 mug per milliliter). Conclusions: Quinupristin-dalfopristin - resistant E. faecium contaminates a large proportion of chickens sold in U.S. supermarkets. However, the low prevalence and low level of resistance of these strains in human stool specimens suggest that the use of virginiamycin in animals has not yet had a substantial influence. Foodborne dissemination of resistance may increase, however, as the clinical use of quinupristin-dalfopristin increases. (N Engl J Med 2001;345:1155-60.) Copyright (C) 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Hosp Infect Program, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Georgia Div Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Angulo, FJ (reprint author), CDCP, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 2 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD OCT 18 PY 2001 VL 345 IS 16 BP 1155 EP 1160 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa010805 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 482YX UT WOS:000171605800002 PM 11642231 ER PT J AU Krishna, N Little, A Ratard, R Currier, M Hand, S Murphy, J Zanto, S Taft, C Schwaiger, P Jones, T Hindman, J Buckingham, S Grandberry, G Patterson, MA Sessions, W Colarusso, P Melear, R Schnurr, D Giesick, J Brantley, P Dunn, J AF Krishna, N Little, A Ratard, R Currier, M Hand, S Murphy, J Zanto, S Taft, C Schwaiger, P Jones, T Hindman, J Buckingham, S Grandberry, G Patterson, MA Sessions, W Colarusso, P Melear, R Schnurr, D Giesick, J Brantley, P Dunn, J CA CDC TI Echovirus type 13 - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 777-780, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. Montana Dept Publ Hlth & Human Serv, Helena, MT USA. Big Horn Cty Hlth Dept, Hardin, MT USA. Tennessee State Hlth Dept, Nashville, TN USA. Tennessee State Publ Hlth Lab, Memphis, TN USA. LeBonheur Hosp, Memphis, TN USA. Texas Dept Hlth Lab, Austin, TX USA. Florida Dept Hlth, Bur Labs, Tallahassee, FL USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. San Diego Publ Hlth Dept, San Diego, CA USA. ARUP Labs, Salt Lake City, UT USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 17 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 15 BP 1831 EP 1832 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 482UH UT WOS:000171595300008 ER PT J AU Hyde, TB Gay, K Stephens, DS Vugia, DJ Pass, M Johnson, S Barrett, NL Schaffner, W Cieslak, PR Maupin, PS Zell, ER Jorgensen, JH Facklam, RR Whitney, CG AF Hyde, TB Gay, K Stephens, DS Vugia, DJ Pass, M Johnson, S Barrett, NL Schaffner, W Cieslak, PR Maupin, PS Zell, ER Jorgensen, JH Facklam, RR Whitney, CG CA Active Bacterial Core Surveillance TI Macrolide resistance among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; UNITED-STATES; ANTIBIOTICS; LINCOSAMIDE; PREVALENCE; MECHANISMS; EMERGENCE; COLONIZATION; AZITHROMYCIN; SURVEILLANCE AB Context Macrolide antibiotics, including erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin, are the mainstays of empirical pneumonia therapy. Macrolide resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia, is increasing in the United States. Whether resistance is a significant problem or whether macrolides remain useful for treatment of most resistant strains is unknown. Objective To examine the epidemiology of macrolide-resistant pneumococci in the United States. Design and Setting Analysis of 15481 invasive isolates from 1995 to 1999 collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Active Bacterial Core surveillance system in 8 states. Main Outcome Measures Trends in macrolide use (1993-1999) and resistance and factors associated with resistance, including examination of 2 subtypes, the M phenotype, associated with moderate minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), and the MLS8 phenotype, associated with high MICs and clindamycin resistance. Results From 1993 to 1999, macrolide use increased 13% macrolide use increased 320% among children younger than 5 years. Macrolide resistance increased from 10.6% in 1995 to 20.4% in 1999. M phenotype isolates increased from 7.4% to 16.5% (P<.001), while the proportion with the MLSB phenotype was stable (3%-4%). The median erythromycin MIC (MIC50) of M phenotype isolates increased from 4 g/mL to 8 mug/mL. In 1999, M phenotype strains were more often from children than persons 5 years or older (25.2% vs 12.6%; P<.001) and from whites than blacks (19.3% vs 11.2%; P<.001). Conclusions In the setting of increasing macrolide use, pneumococcal resistance has become common. Most resistant strains have MICs in the range in which treatment failures have been reported. Further study and surveillance are critical to understanding the clinical implications of our findings. C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. Calif Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Vanderbilt Univ Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Monroe Cty Hlth Dept Human Serv, Rochester, NY USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 33 TC 226 Z9 235 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 17 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 15 BP 1857 EP 1862 DI 10.1001/jama.286.15.1857 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 482UH UT WOS:000171595300026 PM 11597287 ER PT J AU England, LJ Kendrick, JS Wilson, HG Merritt, RK Gargiullo, PM Zahniser, SC AF England, LJ Kendrick, JS Wilson, HG Merritt, RK Gargiullo, PM Zahniser, SC TI Effects of smoking reduction during pregnancy on the birth weight of term infants SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE birth weight; cotinine; nicotine; pregnancy; smoking; tobacco ID MATERNAL SMOKING; PRENATAL-CARE; CESSATION; EXPOSURE; COTININE AB This study was undertaken to determine 1) whether reducing tobacco exposure during pregnancy increases the birth weight of term infants and 2) the relative effects of early- and late-pregnancy exposure to tobacco on infant birth weight. Data were obtained from the Smoking Cessation in Pregnancy project, conducted in public clinics in three states (Colorado, Maryland, and Missouri) between 1987 and 1991. Self-reported cigarette use and urine cotinine concentration were collected from 1,583 pregnant smokers at study enrollment and in the third trimester. General linear models were used to generate mean adjusted birth weights for women who reduced their tobacco exposure by 50 percent or more and for those who did not change their exposure. Regression smoothing techniques were used to characterize the relation between birth weight and early exposure and birth weight and third-trimester exposure. Reducing cigarette use was associated with an increase in mean adjusted birth weight of only 32 g, which was not significant (p = 0.33). As third-trimester cigarette use increased, birth weight declined sharply but leveled off at more than eight cigarettes per day. Findings were similar when urine cotinine concentration was used. Women who smoke during pregnancy may need to reduce to low levels of exposure (less than eight cigarettes per day) to improve infant birth weight. C1 CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Pregnancy & Infant Hlth Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Stat & Comp Resources Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Program Serv & Dev Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Childhood Vaccine Preventable Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. RP England, LJ (reprint author), NICHHD, 6100 Execut Blvd,Room 7B03, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 19 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 8 BP 694 EP 701 DI 10.1093/aje/154.8.694 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 482PV UT WOS:000171585200002 PM 11590081 ER PT J AU Dykewicz, CA Kruszon-Moran, D McQuillan, GM Williams, WW Van Loon, FPL Cossen, C Forghani, B Hadler, SC AF Dykewicz, CA Kruszon-Moran, D McQuillan, GM Williams, WW Van Loon, FPL Cossen, C Forghani, B Hadler, SC TI Rubella seropositivity in the United States, 1988-1994 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 28-OCT 03, 1997 CL TORONTO, CANADA SP S African Med Res Council, Harry Crossley Fdn, Univ Stellenbosch ID ANTIBODY PERSISTENCE; CHRONIC ARTHROPATHY; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION; WOMEN; ARTHRITIS; ASSOCIATION; MEASLES AB Data obtained in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), conducted during 1988-1994, were analyzed to determine the epidemiology of rubella seropositivity in the United States, including risk factors for low rubella seropositivity. Serological samples obtained from NHANES III study participants greater than or equal to6 years of age were tested for rubella IgG antibodies. "Rubella seropositivity" was defined as serum rubella IgG antibody level greater than or equal to 10 IU by enzyme immunoassay. Overall, rubella seropositivity rates in the United States were 92% in persons aged 6-11 years, 83% in persons aged 12-19 years, 85% in persons aged 20-29 years, 89% in persons aged 30-39 years, and greater than or equal to 93% in persons aged greater than or equal to 40 years. The lowest rate (78%) of any United States birth cohort of the 20th century occurred among persons born from 1970-1974. Eliminating rubella and chronic rubella syndrome in the United States will require international efforts, including vaccination of preschool- and school-age children and all susceptible young adults. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Dykewicz, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Immunizat Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop A12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1279 EP 1286 DI 10.1086/322651 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476NZ UT WOS:000171235600001 PM 11565065 ER PT J AU Luk, J Gross, P Thompson, WW AF Luk, J Gross, P Thompson, WW TI Observations on mortality during the 1918 influenza pandemic SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Editorial Material AB The original purpose of our study was to examine the unusual W-shaped mortality curve associated with the 1918 influenza pandemic and possibly explain the peak in mortality among individuals aged 20-40 years. We plotted age-specific excess mortality instead of total mortality for the 1918 pandemic using a 5-year baseline. For comparison, we also graphed excess mortality curves for the 1957 and 1968 pandemics using 5-year baselines. The 1957 and 1968 curves exhibited the usual U-shaped curve, with high excess mortality among infants and the elderly population relative to young adults. The 1918 curve, however, presented unexpected results. A peak in excess mortality among infants and young adults was seen, but the expected W shape did not result. We instead found negative excess mortality among elderly individuals, suggesting that this group was exposed, at an earlier date, to an influenza strain similar to the so-called Spanish influenza (H1N1) strain. C1 Hackensack Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Hackensack, NJ 07601 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Gross, P (reprint author), Hackensack Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, 30 Prospect Ave, Hackensack, NJ 07601 USA. RI Luk, John/A-4085-2008 OI Luk, John/0000-0002-6323-7940 NR 13 TC 63 Z9 71 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1375 EP 1378 DI 10.1086/322662 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476NZ UT WOS:000171235600015 PM 11565078 ER PT J AU Donlan, RM AF Donlan, RM TI Biofilm formation: A clinically relevant microbiological process SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL BIOFILMS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-EPIDERMIDIS; SOLID-SURFACES; CATHETER; RESISTANCE; SUSCEPTIBILITIES; COLONIZATION; TOBRAMYCIN; ATTACHMENT; INFECTION AB Microorganisms universally attach to surfaces and produce extracellular polysaccharides, resulting in the formation of a biofilm. Biofilms pose a serious problem for public health because of the increased resistance of biofilm-associated organisms to antimicrobial agents and the potential for these organisms to cause infections in patients with indwelling medical devices. An appreciation of the role of biofilms in infection should enhance the clinical decision-making process. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biofilm Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Donlan, RM (reprint author), CDC Mail Stop C-16,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 38 TC 402 Z9 423 U1 12 U2 66 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 8 BP 1387 EP 1392 DI 10.1086/322972 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476NZ UT WOS:000171235600019 PM 11565080 ER PT J AU Tharmaphornpilas, P Yoocharoan, P Prempree, P Youngpairoj, S Sriprasert, P Vitek, CR AF Tharmaphornpilas, P Yoocharoan, P Prempree, P Youngpairoj, S Sriprasert, P Vitek, CR TI Diphtheria in Thailand in the 1990s SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article AB Diphtheria remains endemic in developing countries, but there are limited published data on the subject. Thailand's diphtheria surveillance data are relatively complete and may give a fuller picture of the situation in similar countries. After routine immunization began in 1977, the incidence of reported diphtheria decreased by >98% to <0.1 case per 100,000 persons annually in the 1990s. Despite infant immunization coverage of >90%, diphtheria cases were reported throughout the 1990s, primarily among children <15 years old. Outbreaks were linked to both persistent endemic circulation and to importation of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae; suboptimal immunization coverage in minority and disadvantaged groups contributed. A serologic survey found 25% of adults 20-39 years old and 14% of adolescents 10-19 years old lacked immunity to diphtheria; these data indicate an accumulation of susceptible adolescents and adults. Diphtheria remains a threat in Thailand; improvements in diphtheria control will depend on improving childhood immunization coverage in Thailand and the surrounding region. C1 Prov Hlth Off, Nan, Thailand. Minist Publ Hlth, Div Epidemiol, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS HIV Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Vitek, CR (reprint author), CDC, Div AIDS HIV Prevent, MS E-45,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 8 BP 1035 EP 1040 DI 10.1086/323453 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476NG UT WOS:000171233200012 PM 11574919 ER PT J AU Owens, SD Oakley, DA Marryott, K Hatchett, W Walton, R Nolan, TJ Newton, A Steurer, F Schantz, P Giger, U AF Owens, SD Oakley, DA Marryott, K Hatchett, W Walton, R Nolan, TJ Newton, A Steurer, F Schantz, P Giger, U TI Transmission of visceral leishmaniasis through blood transfusions from infected English Foxhounds to anemic dogs SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th Annual Forum of the American-College-of-Veterinary-Internal-Medicine CY MAY 23-26, 2001 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Amer Coll Vet Internal Med ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CANINE LEISHMANIASIS; KALA-AZAR; INFANTUM; ANTIBODY; DISEASE; PROMASTIGOTES; INFECTIVITY; HAMSTERS; DONORS AB Objective-To conduct serologic surveillance for Leishmania spp in English Foxhounds from a kennel, as well as recipients of blood from these dogs, and determine whether L infantum organisms could be transmitted via blood transfusion. Design-Serologic prevalence survey. Animals-120 English Foxhounds and 51 dogs of various breeds receiving blood from these donors. Procedure-Foxhound blood donors, foxhound nondonors, and nonfoxhound blood recipient dogs were evaluated serologically for Leishmania spp by indirect fluorescent antibody testing. Dogs that received packed RBC (PRBC) transfusions from foxhound donors from mid-1996 through mid-2000 were identified. Furthermore, dogs were serologically evaluated if they had received fresh frozen plasma (FFP) transfusions in 1999 and 2000 from seropositive foxhound blood donors. Results-Thirty percent of the English Foxhounds were seropositive for Leishmania spp (titer greater than or equal to 1:16), although the degree of seropositivity varied considerably during the period. Furthermore, 57 foxhounds had been used as donors from 1996 to 2000, and 342 units of PRBC had been transfused to at least 227 patients. All 25 dogs screened that received PRBC from seronegative foxhound donors tested negative, whereas 3 of 7 dogs that received PRBC from seropositive donors tested positive. All 9 dogs that received FFP from seropositive foxhound donors remained seronegative. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-To our knowledge, this report documents the first transmission of Leishmania spp by blood transfusion. The use of foxhounds as blood donors may not be advisable in North America. C1 Penn Anim Blood Bank, Dept Clin Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Univ Penn, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Giger, U (reprint author), Penn Anim Blood Bank, Dept Clin Studies, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. OI Nolan, Thomas/0000-0002-6860-7947 NR 47 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 J AM VET MED ASSOC JI J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 219 IS 8 BP 1076 EP 1083 DI 10.2460/javma.2001.219.1076 PG 8 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 481JZ UT WOS:000171517300014 PM 11700704 ER PT J AU Dietz, W Rolls, BJ Stice, E Yanovski, JA AF Dietz, W Rolls, BJ Stice, E Yanovski, JA TI Treating the obese teenager SO PATIENT CARE LA English DT Article ID BODY-MASS INDEX; ADOLESCENTS; CHILDREN; WEIGHT; ONSET AB Encouraging gradual behavior change and ruling out possible physiologic causes of extreme overweight can improve teenagers chances of long-term weight loss and better health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Penn State Univ, Coll Hlth & Human Dev, Dept Nutr, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Psychol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NICHHD, Unit Growth & Obes, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Dietz, W (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDICAL ECONOMICS PI MONTVALE PA FIVE PARAGON DRIVE, MONTVALE, NJ 07645-1742 USA SN 0031-305X J9 PATIENT CARE JI Patient Care PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 19 BP 57 EP + PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 482VX UT WOS:000171598900010 ER PT J AU Satten, GA Datta, S Robins, J AF Satten, GA Datta, S Robins, J TI Estimating the marginal survival function in the presence of time dependent covariates SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Aalen's linear hazard model; informative censoring; non-parametric estimation; right censoring; survival analysis ID REGRESSION-ANALYSIS; CENSORED-DATA AB We propose a new estimator of the marginal (overall) survival function of failure times that is in the class of survival function estimators proposed by Robins (Proceedings of the American Statistical Association-Biopharmaceutical Section, 1993, p. 24). These estimators are appropriate when, in addition to (right-censored) failure times, we also observe covariates for each individual that affect both the hazard of failure and the hazard of being censored. The observed data are re-weighted at each failure time t according to Aalen's linear model of the cumulative hazard for being censored at some time greater than or equal to t given each individual's covariates; then, a product-limit estimator is calculated using the weighted data. When covariates have no effect on censoring times, our estimator reduces to the ordinary Kaplan-Meier estimator. An expression for its asymptotic variance formula is obtained using martingale techniques. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RI Jepsen, Peter/A-2593-2010 OI Jepsen, Peter/0000-0002-6641-1430 NR 10 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD OCT 15 PY 2001 VL 54 IS 4 BP 397 EP 403 DI 10.1016/S0167-7152(01)00113-4 PG 7 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 479DZ UT WOS:000171389800008 ER PT J AU Petersen, LR Catchpole, M AF Petersen, LR Catchpole, M TI Surveillance for infectious diseases in the European Union - A small European centre may have an important coordinating role SO BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Publ Hlth Lab Serv, Ctr Communicable Dis Surveillance, London NW9 5EQ, England. RP Catchpole, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0959-535X J9 BRIT MED J JI Br. Med. J. PD OCT 13 PY 2001 VL 323 IS 7317 BP 818 EP 819 DI 10.1136/bmj.323.7317.818 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 483RW UT WOS:000171650500002 PM 11597951 ER PT J AU Green, TD Newton, BR Rota, PA Xu, Y Robinson, HL Ross, TM AF Green, TD Newton, BR Rota, PA Xu, Y Robinson, HL Ross, TM TI C3d enhancement of neutralizing, antibodies to measles hemagglutinin SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE measles hemagglutinin (H) protein; antibodies; measles virus (MV); DNA vaccine; C3d ID IMMUNE-RESPONSES; DNA IMMUNIZATION; RHESUS MACAQUES; ACQUIRED-IMMUNITY; MATERNAL ANTIBODY; ATYPICAL MEASLES; INFLUENZA-VIRUS; VACCINES; FUSION; NUCLEOPROTEIN AB Measles remains a major cause of worldwide infant mortality despite the use of current live attenuated vaccines. New approaches to measles virus (MV) vaccine development are critical to interrupt the spread of MV. In this study, we report the results using a DNA vaccine expressing a fusion of the measles hemagglutinin (H) protein and the complement component, Od, to enhance the titers of neutralizing antibody. Plasmids were generated that expressed a secreted (s) form of H and the same form fused to three tandem copies of the murine homologue of Od (sH-3C3d). Analysis of titers of the antibody raised in vaccinated mice indicated that immunizations with the DNA expressing sH-3C3d had higher titers of anti-H antibodies compared to serum from mice vaccinated with DNA expressing sH only. In addition, sH-3C3d elicited higher neutralizing antibody titers that inhibited MV induced plaque formation. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Div Microbiol & Immunol, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Ross, TM (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Sch Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Brody Hlth Sci Bldg,600 Moye Blvd, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R21 AI044325-02]; PHS HHS [R21 A144325] NR 32 TC 55 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD OCT 12 PY 2001 VL 20 IS 1-2 BP 242 EP 248 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00266-3 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 481GR UT WOS:000171512000035 PM 11567770 ER PT J AU Reese, S Owens, P Weyant, R Woodson, B David, B Brand, D Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullow, I Oba, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Igbokwe, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Graber, J Lopez, H Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson-Thompson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Porter, J Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Cross, PP Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Hicks, J Simmons, KW King, F Pearson, K Futa, M Henderson, LM AF Reese, S Owens, P Weyant, R Woodson, B David, B Brand, D Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullow, I Oba, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Igbokwe, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Graber, J Lopez, H Brooks, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson-Thompson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Porter, J Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Cross, PP Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Hicks, J Simmons, KW King, F Pearson, K Futa, M Henderson, LM CA CDC TI State-specific trends in high blood cholesterol awareness among persons screened - United States, 1991-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 754-758, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reese, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 14 BP 1706 EP 1707 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 480NC UT WOS:000171466800010 ER PT J AU Reeves, MJ Rafferty, A McGee, H Miller, C AF Reeves, MJ Rafferty, A McGee, H Miller, C CA CDC TI Prevalence of healthy lifestyle characteristics - Michigan, 1998 and 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 758-761, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Dept Epidemiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Bur Epidemiol, Lansing, MI USA. CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Phys Act & Hlth Branch, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reeves, MJ (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Coll Human Med, Dept Epidemiol, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RI McGee, Hannah/D-6480-2012 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 14 BP 1707 EP 1708 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 480NC UT WOS:000171466800011 ER PT J AU Mazurek, GH LoBue, PA Daley, CL Bernardo, J Lardizabal, AA Bishai, WR Iademarco, MF Rothel, JS AF Mazurek, GH LoBue, PA Daley, CL Bernardo, J Lardizabal, AA Bishai, WR Iademarco, MF Rothel, JS TI Comparison of a whole-blood interferon gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing for detecting latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; ACTIVE TUBERCULOSIS; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; HIGH-RISK; CATTLE; RESPONSES; VACCINATION; BCG; SPECIFICITY; PROTECTION AB Context Identifying persons with. latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is crucial to the goal of TB elimination. A whole-blood interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) assay, the Quanti-FERON-TB test, is a promising in vitro diagnostic test for LTBI that has potential advantages over the tuberculin skin test (TST). Objectives To compare the IFN-gamma assay with the TST and to identify factors associated with discordance between the tests. Design and Setting. Prospective comparison study conducted at 5 university-affiliated sites in the United States between March 1, 1998 and June 30, 1999. Participants A total of 1226 adults (mean age, 39 years) with varying risks of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection or documented or suspected active TB, all of whom underwent both the IFN-gamma assay and the TST. Main Outcome Measure Level of agreement between the IFN-gamma assay and the TST. Results Three hundred ninety participants (31.8%) had a positive TST result and 349 (28.5%) had a positive IFN-gamma assay result. Overall agreement between the IFN-gamma assay and the TST was 83.1% (kappa =0.60). Multivariate analysis revealed that the odds of having a positive TST result but negative IFN-gamma assay result were 7 times higher for BCG-vaccinated persons compared with unvaccinated persons. The IFN-gamma assay provided evidence that among unvaccinated persons with a positive TST result but negative IFN-gamma assay result, 21.2% were responding to mycobacteria other than M tuberculosis. Conclusions For all study participants, as well as for those being screened for LTBI, the IFN-gamma assay was comparable with the TST in its ability to detect LTBI, was less affected by BCG vaccination, discriminated responses due to nontuberculous mycobacteria, and avoided variability and subjectivity associated with placing and reading the TST. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Div Pulm & Crit Care, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Pulm & Crit Care, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Pulm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, New Jersey Med Sch, Natl TB Ctr, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. CSL Ltd, Biosci Div, Parkville, Vic, Australia. RP Mazurek, GH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E10, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 221 Z9 228 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 10 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 14 BP 1740 EP 1747 DI 10.1001/jama.286.14.1740 PG 8 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 480NC UT WOS:000171466800024 PM 11594899 ER PT J AU Koffman, DM Bazzarre, T Mosca, L Redberg, R Schmid, T Wattigney, WA AF Koffman, DM Bazzarre, T Mosca, L Redberg, R Schmid, T Wattigney, WA TI An evaluation of choose to move 1999 - An American Heart Association physical activity program for women SO ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID RANDOMIZED EXERCISE TRIAL; MIDDLE-AGED MEN; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASES; DIETARY INTERVENTION; PARTICIPATION RATES; PRIMARY PREVENTION; HDL-CHOLESTEROL; PUBLIC-HEALTH; OLDER WOMEN; LIFE-STYLE AB Background: Rates of physical inactivity and poor nutrition, which are 2 of the most important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women, are substantial. Even so, studies of interventions designed to improve lifestyle behaviors in women have been limited and often confined to particular geographical areas. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Choose to Move on increasing women's physical activity, improving their knowledge of heart disease and stroke, and improving their nutrition. Participants and Methods: A prospective, nonrandomized, 12-week educational intervention designed by the American Heart Association for women across the United States. Participants received a welcome kit and manual with weekly information about how to manage cardiovascular disease risk factors and how to build a support system for lifestyle change. Women (N = 23171) aged 25 years or older were recruited by direct mail, the media, health care providers, and other means. Follow-up evaluations were returned from 6389 women at 2 weeks, 5338 at 4 weeks, 4209 at 8 weeks, 3916 at 10 weeks, and 3775 at 12 weeks. Participants self-reported their physical activity, diet, and knowledge about heart disease, stroke, and related symptoms. Results: Ninety percent of the participants were white and 56% were aged between 35 and 54 years. Among the participants who completed the week 12 follow-up evaluation, the percentage who reported being active (at least moderate exercise greater than or equal to5 times per week or > 21/2 hours per week for the past 1 to 6 months) increased from 32% at baseline to 67% at the program's end (P=.001). Participants currently limiting excess calories or fat increased from 72% to 91% at week 10 follow-up evaluation (P=.001). The proportion correctly identifying heart disease as the leading cause of death increased from 84% to 91% at week 10 follow-up evaluation (P < .001). Conclusions: Women who completed the Choose to Move program evaluation reported that they significantly increased their levels of physical activity, reduced their consumption of high-fat foods, and increased their knowledge and awareness of cardiovascular disease risk and its symptoms. This program provides an important model for public health, voluntary, and other health organizations of population-based, targeted low-cost self-help programs that support the Healthy People 2010 objectives for physical activity, nutrition, and cardiovascular health. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. New York Presbyterian Hosp, New York, NY USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Div Cardiol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Koffman, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Freeman, Lance/B-8774-2009 NR 63 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9926 J9 ARCH INTERN MED JI Arch. Intern. Med. PD OCT 8 PY 2001 VL 161 IS 18 BP 2193 EP 2199 DI 10.1001/archinte.161.18.2193 PG 7 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 476PK UT WOS:000171237800003 PM 11575975 ER PT J AU Mansley, EC McKenna, MT AF Mansley, EC McKenna, MT TI Importance of perspective in economic analyses of cancer screening decisions SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID PROSTATE-CANCER; RECOMMENDATIONS; KNOWLEDGE; BREAST AB As the fifth, and final, report in this Lancet series on health economics, we discuss how economic analyses in public health, with cancer screening as the example, differ depending on the perspective taken. We identify nine different, but related, decision makers at various levels, from the individual patient to society as a whole, and discuss how their different viewpoints affect their ultimate decisions. Central to our discussion Is the identification of seven distinct components of perspective, each potentially important in the screening decision. In many fields of healthcare, decisions about the use of resources, such as time, wealth, or energy, are made by weighing up the positive and negative consequences of the alternatives under consideration and are thus based on an economic analysis of the situation (although sometimes this process is subconscious). For simplicity, we restrict our report to the effect of perspective on cancer screening decisions and show how the costs (negative consequences) and benefits (positive consequences) vary depending on the decision maker. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mansley, EC (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, Outcomes Res & Management, POB 4,WP39-160, W Point, PA 19486 USA. NR 25 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD OCT 6 PY 2001 VL 358 IS 9288 BP 1169 EP 1173 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06258-4 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 479HM UT WOS:000171399000034 PM 11597692 ER PT J AU Reese, S Owen, P Weyant, R Woodson, B Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Oba, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Davila, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brook, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Taylor, J Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Coss, P Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Hicks, J Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Pearson, K Futa, M AF Reese, S Owen, P Weyant, R Woodson, B Davis, B Leff, M Adams, M Breukelman, F Bullo, I Oba, S Martin, L Reyes-Salvail, F Aydelotte, J Steiner, B Stemnock, L Davila, J Hunt, C Sparks, T Bates, B Maines, D Weinstein, A Brook, D McGee, H Salem, N Johnson, D Jackson, J Feigley, P Andelt, L DeJan, E Taylor, J Boeselager, G Honey, W Baker, C Gizlice, Z Shireley, L Coss, P Baker, K Pickle, K Mann, L Cintron, Y Hesser, J Wu, M Gildemaster, M Ridings, D Condon, K Marti, K Roe, C Hicks, J Wynkoop-Simmons, K King, F Pearson, K Futa, M CA CDC TI Self-reported asthma prevalence among adults - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 682-686, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID ONSET ASTHMA; RISK C1 CDC, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reese, S (reprint author), CDC, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 3 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 13 BP 1571 EP 1572 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 478HH UT WOS:000171340600009 ER PT J AU Steinberg, KK Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ AF Steinberg, KK Gwinn, M Khoury, MJ TI The role of genomics in public health and disease prevention SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID POLYMORPHISMS; EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Steinberg, KK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 6 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD OCT 3 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 13 BP 1635 EP 1635 DI 10.1001/jama.286.13.1635 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 478HH UT WOS:000171340600034 PM 11585491 ER PT J AU Marks, JS AF Marks, JS TI Chronic disease challenges present new opportunities for AAMC-CDC partnerships SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Marks, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 76 IS 10 BP 982 EP 984 DI 10.1097/00001888-200110000-00004 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 480XZ UT WOS:000171489600003 PM 11597836 ER PT J AU Hebert, LE Beckett, LA Scherr, PA Evans, DA AF Hebert, LE Beckett, LA Scherr, PA Evans, DA TI Annual incidence of Alzheimer disease in the United States projected to the years 2000 through 2050 SO ALZHEIMER DISEASE & ASSOCIATED DISORDERS LA English DT Article DE aging; Alzheimer disease; forecasting; incidence; prospective studies; United States ID AGE-SPECIFIC INCIDENCE; COMMUNITY POPULATION; OLDER PERSONS; DEMENTIA; PREVALENCE; RATES AB Alzheimer disease will affect increasing numbers of people as baby boomers (persons born between 1946 and 1964) age. This work reports projections of the incidence of Alzheimer disease(AD) that will occur among older Americans in the future. Education adjusted age-specific incidence rates of clinically diagnosed probable AD were obtained from stratified random samples of residents 65 years of age and older in a geographically defined community. These rates were applied to U.S. Census Bureau projections of the total U.S. population by age and sex to estimate the number of people newly affected each year. The annual number of incident cases is expected to more than double by the midpoint of the twenty-first century: from 377,000 (95% confidence interval = 159,000-595,000) in 1995 to 959,000 (95% confidence interval = 140,000-1,778,000) in 2050. The proportion of new onset casess who are age 85 or older will increase from 40% in 1995 to 62% in 2050 when the youngest of the baby boomers will attain that age. Without progress in preventing or delaying onset of Alzheimer disease, both the number of people with Alzheimer disease and the proportion of the total population affected will increase substantially. C1 Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Biostat Unit, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hebert, LE (reprint author), Rush Univ, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, 1645 W Jackson Blvd,Suite 675, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG05362, AG06789, AG10161, AG11862, N01-AG-0-2107, N01-AG-1-2106] NR 18 TC 215 Z9 223 U1 1 U2 12 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0893-0341 J9 ALZ DIS ASSOC DIS JI Alzheimer Dis. Assoc. Dis. PD OCT-DEC PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP 169 EP 173 DI 10.1097/00002093-200110000-00002 PG 5 WC Clinical Neurology; Pathology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pathology GA 500JN UT WOS:000172623700002 PM 11723367 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Giles, WH Croft, JB AF Brown, DW Giles, WH Croft, JB TI Hematocrit and the risk of coronary heart disease mortality SO AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL DEATH INDEX; INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS; BLOOD-VISCOSITY; ARTERY DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CELL-PROLIFERATION; PLASMA VISCOSITY; EDINBURGH ARTERY; UNSTABLE ANGINA; YOUNG-WOMEN AB Background An association between hematocrit (Hct) and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality has been previously observed. However, the relationship of Hct and CHID independent of other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and differences between men and women remain unclear. Methods We examined the association between Hct and CHD mortality with Cox regression analyses of data from 8896 adults, aged 30-75 years, in the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) Mortality Study (1976-1992). Covariates included age, sex, race, education, smoking status, hypertensive status, total serum cholesterol, body mass index, white blood cell count, and history of CVD and diabetes. Hct was categorized by use of sex-specific tertiles, and all analyses were stratified by sex. Results During 16.8 years of follow-up, there were 545 (men 343, women 202) deaths from CHD (international Classification of Diseases, 9th revision [ICD-9] 410-414), 778 (men 426, women 279) deaths from diseases of the heart (ICD-9 390-398, 402, 404, 410-414, 415-417, 420-429), and 2046 (men 1216, women 830) all-cause deaths. Among men, the crude CHD mortality rate per 10,000 population was 42.6, 31.9, and 46.3 among those with Hct in the lower, middle, and upper tertiles, respectively. The corresponding crude CHD mortality rates among women were 12.6, 18.6, and 27.7. After adjustment for age and other CVD risk factors, there was no association between Hct in the upper tertile compared with the lower tertile and mortality from either CHD, diseases of the heart, or all causes among men. Women with Hct in the upper tertile were 1.3 times (95% Cl 0.9-1.9) more likely to die from CHD than were women with Hct in the lowest tertile, after multivariate adjustment. The effect of high Hct on CHD mortality among women younger than 65 years of age was slightly stronger (relative risk 2.2, 95% Cl 1.0-4.6). Conclusions These results suggest that the association between Hct and mortality from CHD and all causes is complex, differing both by sex and age. Further research is needed to gain a better understanding of these age and sex differences. C1 CDCP, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Giles, WH (reprint author), CDC, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, NCCDPHP, MS K-47,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 34 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0002-8703 J9 AM HEART J JI Am. Heart J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 142 IS 4 BP 657 EP 663 DI 10.1067/mhj.2001.118467 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 478JK UT WOS:000171343100014 PM 11579356 ER PT J AU Cowper, SE Su, LD Bhawan, J Robin, HS LeBoit, PE AF Cowper, SE Su, LD Bhawan, J Robin, HS LeBoit, PE TI Nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CD-34; fibrosis; dendrocytes; dendritic cells; dermis; dialysis; elastin; factor XIIIa; kidney; mucin; renal; skin; scleromyxedema; seleromyxoedema; scleroderma; ultrastructure ID EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME; FATAL SCLEROMYXEDEMA; SYSTEMIC SCLERODERMA; L-TRYPTOPHAN; DISEASE; MANIFESTATIONS; FASCIITIS AB This report details the histopathologic findings in a unique fibrosing disorder that recently emerged among patients with renal disease, The affected patients were initially identified among recipients of renal transplants at a single institution, but later cases at other centers were identified, and included patients receiving renal dialysis for a variety of different kidney diseases. The cutaneous chan-es consisted largely of indurated plaques and papules on the extremities and trunk. Systemic findings seen in scleromyxedema, which the condition resembles in some respects, were absent. By routine microscopy, the findings range from a very subtle proliferation of dermal fibroblasts in early lesions, to a florid proliferation of fibroblasts and dendritic cells in fully developed cases. Thick collagen bundles with surrounding clefts are a prominent finding, and a variable increase in dermal mucin and elastic fibers was usually evident with special stains. CD-34 positive dermal dendrocytes were floridly abundant, with dendritic processes aligned with elastic fibers and around collagen bundles in a dense network. Factor XIIIa. and CD-68 positive mono- and multinucleated cells are also present in increased numbers. Electron microscopy highlighted increased elastic fibers closely apposed to dendritic cell processes. The entire dermis was commonly involved, with increased spindle cells, collagen, mucin, and elastic fibers extending through the subcutis. along the septa of fatty lobules. In some instances, the process resembled a sarcoma on histopathologic examination. The recent emergence of this condition and the apparent clustering of cases in specific dialysis centers initially suggested a possible infectious and/or toxic agent. To date, however, no such agent has been identified. We propose the term "nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy (NFD)" until a specific cause can be identified. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Dermatol, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Michigan, Med Ctr, Dept Pathol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Dermatol, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Sharp Healthcare, San Diego, CA USA. RP LeBoit, PE (reprint author), CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Calif Dept Hlth Serv, 1515 Clay St,Suite 1700, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. NR 30 TC 300 Z9 309 U1 0 U2 8 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0193-1091 J9 AM J DERMATOPATH JI Am. J. Dermatopathol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 23 IS 5 BP 383 EP 393 DI 10.1097/00000372-200110000-00001 PG 11 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 478XZ UT WOS:000171375200001 PM 11801769 ER PT J AU Rasmussen, SA Moore, CA Trimpert, R Gambrell, D AF Rasmussen, SA Moore, CA Trimpert, R Gambrell, D TI Defects associated with anorectal atresia/stenosis: A population-based study. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 157 BP 207 EP 207 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648900158 ER PT J AU Collins, JS Nave, AF Satten, GA Stevenson, RE AF Collins, JS Nave, AF Satten, GA Stevenson, RE TI Taking the challenge: Finding recurrence risks in idiopathic mental retardation. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Greenwood Genet Ctr, Greenwood, SC 29646 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 243 BP 224 EP 224 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648900244 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Campbell, RM Coleman, K Correa, A Elixson, EM Erickson, JD Fernhoff, P May, K Merritt, R O'Leary, L Rasmussen, SA AF Botto, LD Campbell, RM Coleman, K Correa, A Elixson, EM Erickson, JD Fernhoff, P May, K Merritt, R O'Leary, L Rasmussen, SA TI A population-based study of the 22q11.2 deletion. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects Ctr & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. Childrens Healthcare Atlanta, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Div Med Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 583 BP 283 EP 283 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648900582 ER PT J AU Crawford, DC Caggana, M Tempelis, C Harris, KB Lorey, F Nash, C Pass, K Olney, R AF Crawford, DC Caggana, M Tempelis, C Harris, KB Lorey, F Nash, C Pass, K Olney, R TI Characterization of beta-globin haplotypes among an admixed, population-based cohort of newborns with sickle cell disease. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities Ctr, Atlanta, GA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Wadsworth Ctr Labs & Res, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Genet Dis Branch, Sacramento, CA USA. Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, Div Hlth Assessment & Screening, Springfield, IL 62761 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 1232 BP 393 EP 393 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648901233 ER PT J AU Weston, A Ensey, J Kreiss, K Keshava, C McCanlies, E AF Weston, A Ensey, J Kreiss, K Keshava, C McCanlies, E TI Evaluation of a supratypic HLA-genetic marker for susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease: racial variation has no significant impact for pre-employment screening. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 1533 BP 444 EP 444 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648901534 ER PT J AU Brown, AS Fernhoff, P Waisbren, S Frazier, D Singh, R Rohr, F Morris, J Kenneson, A MacDonald, P Gwinn, M Honein, M Rasmussen, S AF Brown, AS Fernhoff, P Waisbren, S Frazier, D Singh, R Rohr, F Morris, J Kenneson, A MacDonald, P Gwinn, M Honein, M Rasmussen, S TI Barriers to successful dietary control among pregnant women with phenylketonuria (PKU). SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 69 IS 4 SU 1 MA 1780 BP 486 EP 486 PG 1 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 483RD UT WOS:000171648901780 ER PT J AU Taylor, L Jones, RL Kwan, L Deddens, JA Ashley, K Sanderson, WT AF Taylor, L Jones, RL Kwan, L Deddens, JA Ashley, K Sanderson, WT TI Evaluation of a portable blood lead analyzer with occupationally exposed populations SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE electroanalytical instrument; blood lead analysis; blood lead monitoring; instrument evaluation; anodic stripping voltammetry ID HEALTH AB Background This project evaluated a portable electroanalytical instrument that is used to rapidly analyze blood lead levels in individuals, using a fresh whole blood sample (venous). Methods Samples were obtained from 208 lead-exposed employees who donated two 2 ml venous blood samples into "lead-free" evacuated tubes. One blood sample was analyzed onsite using the portable field instrument while the second sample was analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, (GFAAS). Results According to GFAAS results, employee venous blood lead levels ranged from 1 mug/dl to 42 mug/dl. The mean difference between the results from the field instrument and GFAAS was less than 1 mug/dl. Analysis indicates that the results from the field instrument yielded a slight positive bias overall (P value = 0.0213), with less bias for blood lead levels above 10 mug/dl (P value = 0.0738). Conclusions Within the blood range evaluated (1-42 mug/dl), the instrument performed adequately according to Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments (CLIA) proficiency requirements. The ability of the instrument to perform rapid analysis makes it potentially valuable to occupational health professionals for medical monitoring or on-site investigations. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, lnc.(dagger) C1 NIOSH, CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Taylor, L (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-14, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ashley, Kevin/C-9005-2011 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 40 IS 4 BP 354 EP 362 DI 10.1002/ajim.1109 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 478CZ UT WOS:000171326500002 PM 11598984 ER PT J AU Prince, MM Ward, EM Ruder, AM Salvan, A Roberts, DR AF Prince, MM Ward, EM Ruder, AM Salvan, A Roberts, DR TI Re: Response to: Mortality among rubber chemical manufacturing workers by M.M. Prince et al. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2000. 37:590-598. I. Reply to Valentgas et al.'s letter to the editor SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter DE rubber chemical manufacturing; ischemic heart disease mortality; occupational epidemiology C1 NIOSH, CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Industrywide Studies Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. CNR, CNR, LADSEB, Padua, Italy. RP Prince, MM (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Industrywide Studies Branch, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,Mailstop R-16, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RI Ruder, Avima/I-4155-2012 OI Ruder, Avima/0000-0003-0419-6664 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 40 IS 4 BP 395 EP 396 DI 10.1002/ajim.10003 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 478CZ UT WOS:000171326500007 ER PT J AU Gregg, EW Geiss, LS Saaddine, J Fagot-Campagna, A Beckles, G Parker, C Visscher, W Hartwell, T Liburd, L Narayan, KMV Engelgau, MM AF Gregg, EW Geiss, LS Saaddine, J Fagot-Campagna, A Beckles, G Parker, C Visscher, W Hartwell, T Liburd, L Narayan, KMV Engelgau, MM TI Use of diabetes preventive care and complications risk in two African-American communities SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE diabetes mellitus; hyperglycemia; lipoproteins, LDL; preventive health services; self care ID HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATION; NON-HISPANIC WHITES; GLYCEMIC CONTROL; CONTROLLED TRIAL; MEXICAN-AMERICANS; MANAGEMENT; ADULTS; POPULATION; MELLITUS; RETINOPATHY AB Background: We examined levels of diabetes preventive care services and glycemic and lipid control among African Americans with diabetes in two North Carolina communities. Methods: Cross-sectional, population-based study of 625 African-American adults with diagnosed diabetes. Participants had a household interview to determine receipt of preventive care services including glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), blood pressure, lipid, foot, dilated eye, and dental examinations; diabetes education; and health promotion counseling. A total of 383 gave blood samples to determine HbA(1c) and lipid values. Results: Annual dilated eye, foot, and lipid examinations were reported by 70% to 80% of the population, but only 46% reported HbA(1c) tests. Rates of regular physical activity (31%) and daily self-monitoring of blood glucose (40%) were low. Sixty percent of the population had an HbA(1c) level >8% and one fourth had an HbA(1c) level > 10%. Half of the population had a low-density lipoprotein value > 130 mg/dL. Lack of insurance was the most consistent correlate of inadequate care (odds ratio [OR]=2.3; 95% confidence interval [Cl]=1.3-3.9), having HbA(1c) >9.5% (OR=2.1, 95% CI=1.1-4.2), and LDL levels > 130 mg/dL (OR=2.1; 95% CI=1.0-4.5). Conclusions: Levels of diabetes preventive care services were comparable to U.S. estimates, but glycemic and lipid control and levels of self-management behaviors were poor. These findings indicate a need to understand barriers to achieving and implementing good glycemic and lipid control among African Americans with diabetes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. RP Gregg, EW (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 NR 38 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 197 EP 202 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00351-8 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 477UC UT WOS:000171301800007 PM 11567840 ER PT J AU Riley, PL Nkinsi, L Buhi, L AF Riley, PL Nkinsi, L Buhi, L TI The CARE-CDC health initiative: A model for global participatory research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CARE USA Headquarters, Hlth & Populat Unit, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Riley, PL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Global Hlth, Mail Stop D-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 25 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1549 EP 1552 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1549 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800006 PM 11574301 ER PT J AU Mintz, E Bartram, J Lochery, P Wegelin, M AF Mintz, E Bartram, J Lochery, P Wegelin, M TI Not just a drop in the bucket: Expanding access to point-of-use water treatment systems SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DRINKING-WATER; SOLAR DISINFECTION; DIARRHEAL DISEASE; FECAL CONTAMINATION; EPIDEMIC CHOLERA; TRANSMISSION; STORAGE; INTERVENTIONS; CHILDREN; INACTIVATION AB Since 1990, the number of people without access to safe water sources has remained constant at approximately 1.1 billion, of whom approximately 2.2 million die of waterborne disease each year. In developing countries, population growth and migrations strain existing water and sanitary infrastructure and complicate planning and construction of new infrastructure. Providing safe water for all is a long-term goal; however, relying only on time- and resource-intensive centralized solutions such as piped, treated water will leave hundreds of millions of people without safe water far into the future, Self-sustaining, decentralized approaches to making drinking water safe, including point-of-use chemical and solar disinfection, safe water storage, and behavioral change, have been widely field-tested. These options target the most affected, enhance health, contribute to development and productivity, and merit far greater priority for rapid implementation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. WHO, Water Sanitat & Hlth, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CARE, Water Sanitat & Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Swiss Fed Inst Environm Sci & Technol, Dept Water & Sanitat Developing Countries, Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Mintz, E (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Bartram, Jamie/0000-0002-6542-6315 NR 51 TC 99 Z9 104 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1565 EP 1570 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1565 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800012 PM 11574307 ER PT J AU Makutsa, P Nzaku, K Ogutu, P Barasa, P Ombeki, S Mwaki, A Quick, RE AF Makutsa, P Nzaku, K Ogutu, P Barasa, P Ombeki, S Mwaki, A Quick, RE TI Challenges in implementing a point-of-use water quality intervention in rural Kenya SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY AB To prevent diarrheal diseases in western Kenya, CARE Kenya initiated the Water, Sanitation, and Education for Health (WASEH) Project in 1998. The project targets 72 farming and fishing communities with a total population of 43000. Although the WASEH Project-facilitated construction of shallow wells and pit latrines, the water quality still needed improvement. Consequently, in 2001, CARE implemented the Safe Water System (which consists of point-of-use water treatment with sodium hypochlorite, safe storage, and behavior change techniques) within the already established WASEH infrastructure, using existing community organizations in combination with a social marketing approach that introduced affordable products. The project has resulted in adoption rates of 33.5% for chemical water treatment and 18.5% for clay pots modified for safe water storage. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CARE Kenya, Homa Bay, Kenya. RP Quick, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mail Stop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 7 U2 14 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1571 EP 1573 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1571 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800013 PM 11574308 ER PT J AU Dunston, C McAfee, D Kaiser, R Rakotoarison, D Rambeloson, L Hoang, AT Quick, RE AF Dunston, C McAfee, D Kaiser, R Rakotoarison, D Rambeloson, L Hoang, AT Quick, RE TI Collaboration, cholera, and cyclones: A project to improve point-of-use water quality in Madagascar SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB In November 1999, CARE Madagascar, Population Services International (PSI), and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) selected 30 poor communities in urban Antananarivo as the target population for launch of the Safe Water System. The system consists of behavior change techniques along with point-of-use treatment and safe storage of water. The project was launched in March 2000, ahead of schedule, because a cholera epidemic struck Madagascar in January. Because of the enormous demand created by the cholera epidemic and by 3 cyclones that followed in the next 3 months, the project grew to national scale in less than a year. The combination of community mobilization and social marketing resulted in increased demand for and use of the Safe Water System. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CARE Madagascar, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. Populat Serv Int Madagascar, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Quick, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Mail Stop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 5 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1574 EP 1576 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1574 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800014 PM 11574309 ER PT J AU Mong, Y Kaiser, R Ibrahim, D Rasoatiana Razafimbololona, L Quick, RE AF Mong, Y Kaiser, R Ibrahim, D Rasoatiana Razafimbololona, L Quick, RE TI Impact of the safe water system on water quality in cyclone-affected communities in Madagascar SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Cyclone Hudah struck the northeastern coast of Madagascar in the spring of 2000. Over a 5-month period, 11700 relief kits consisting of bottles of water disinfectant and foldable jerry cans were distributed to the affected population. Five months after the cyclone, a survey was conducted in 12 villages to determine the impact of these relief kits on water quality. Seventy-six percent of the surveyed households reported using jerry cans, and 65% reported using the disinfectant. Stored water in households using both products had significantly less microbiological contamination than stored water in other households. To improve the prospects for a sustainable intervention, the response plan for future disasters should incorporate a transition to recovery and development, including formative research into local customs, beliefs, and water handling habits, and funding support to initiate social marketing. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & HLth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch E23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CNR Environm, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. CARE Madagascar, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kaiser, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & HLth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch E23, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 4 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1577 EP 1579 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1577 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800015 PM 11574310 ER PT J AU Baffigo, V Albinagorta, J Nauca, L Rojas, P Alegre, R Hubbard, B Sarisky, J AF Baffigo, V Albinagorta, J Nauca, L Rojas, P Alegre, R Hubbard, B Sarisky, J TI Community environmental health assessment in Peru's desert hills and rainforest SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Peru's expanding population and rapid urbanization-a result of migration to its largest cities-have stressed the country's public services infrastructure and the provision of public health and environmental health services. In response, the Ministry of Health established the General Directorate of Environmental Health (DIGESA), the branch charged with assuring adequate environmental health services to populations in rural and urban areas. The magnitude of the environmental health problems in peri-urban settlements, however, has exceeded the capacity of DIGESA to respond. The Urban Environmental Health Project is an effort to develop the ability of local communities to address these problems. C1 CARE Peru, Proyecto Salud Ambiental Urbana, Lima 11, Peru. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Environm Hlth Serv Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Baffigo, V (reprint author), CARE Peru, Proyecto Salud Ambiental Urbana, Av Gral Santa Cruz N 659 Jesus Maria,Apartado 11-, Lima 11, Peru. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1580 EP 1582 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1580 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800016 PM 11574311 ER PT J AU McEwan, E Conway, MJ Bull, DL Malison, MD AF McEwan, E Conway, MJ Bull, DL Malison, MD TI Developing public health management training capacity in Nicaragua SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB The Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Health Initiative in Nicaragua is distinctive in its focus on developing a cadre of in-country trainers whose aim is to equip frontline public health managers with widely applicable tools and techniques to assist them in identifying and solving implementation problems. Since 1999, 137 trainees-37% more than originally planned-have demonstrated competence by completing and presenting applied management projects. Nineteen professors from the preventive medicine faculty at the Autonomous University of Nicaragua also have been trained. The country office now has a cadre of seasoned trainers who can meet the ongoing management training needs of CARE staff and their counterparts in the Ministry of Health and in other nongovernmental organizations. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sustainable Management Dev Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CARE Int, Managua, Nicaragua. RP Bull, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Sustainable Management Dev Program, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mail Stop K36, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1586 EP 1588 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1586 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800018 PM 11574313 ER PT J AU Schmid, T Kanenda, O Ahluwalia, I Kouletio, M AF Schmid, T Kanenda, O Ahluwalia, I Kouletio, M TI Transportation for maternal emergencies in Tanzania: Empowering communities through participatory problem solving SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Inadequate health care and long delays in obtaining care during obstetric emergencies are major contributors to high maternal death rates in Tanzania. Formative research conducted in the Mwanza region identified several transportation-related reasons for delays in receiving assistance. In 1996, the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began an effort to build community capacity for problem-solving through participatory development of community-based plans for emergency transportation in 50 villages. An April 2001 assessment showed that 19 villages had begun collecting funds for transportation systems; of 13 villages with systems available, 10 had used the system within the last 3 months. Increased support for village health workers and greater participation of women in decision making were also observed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Schmid, T (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mail Stop K-46,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 3 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1589 EP 1590 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1589 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800019 PM 11574314 ER PT J AU Galavotti, C Pappas-DeLuca, KA Lansky, A AF Galavotti, C Pappas-DeLuca, KA Lansky, A TI Modeling and reinforcement to combat HIV: The MARCH approach to behavior change SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ENTERTAINMENT-EDUCATION; PREVENTION; RISK; COMMUNICATION; REDUCTION; STRATEGY; TANZANIA AB Theory and research suggest that behavioral interventions to prevent HIV/AIDS may be most effective when they are personalized and affectively compelling, when they provide models of desired behaviors, and when they are linked to social and cultural narratives. Effective strategies must also take into account the opportunities and obstacles present in the local environment. The Modeling and Reinforcement to Combat HIV (MARCH) projects combine key aspects of individual behavior change with efforts to change social norms. There are 2 main components to the program: entertainment as a vehicle for education (long-running serialized dramas on radio or television portray role models evolving toward the adoption of positive behaviors) and interpersonal reinforcement at the community level (support from friends, family members, and others can help people initiate behavior changes; support through changes in social norms is necessary for behavioral effects to be sustained over time). Both media and interpersonal intervention activities should be linked to existing resources in the community and, wherever possible, provide increased access to preventive services, supplies, and other supporting elements. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Galavotti, C (reprint author), NCCDPHP, Womens Hlth & Fertil Branch, Div Reprod Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mails Stop K-34, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 42 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1602 EP 1607 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1602 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800022 PM 11574317 ER PT J AU Reller, ME Mong, YJM Hoekstra, RM Quick, RE AF Reller, ME Mong, YJM Hoekstra, RM Quick, RE TI Cholera prevention with traditional and novel water treatment methods: An outbreak investigation in Fort-Dauphin, Madagascar SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID STORAGE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Natl Rech Environm, Antananarivo, Malagasy Republ. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Reller, ME (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 7 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1608 EP 1610 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1608 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800023 PM 11574318 ER PT J AU Ogutu, P Garrett, V Barasa, P Ombeki, S Mwaki, A Quick, RE AF Ogutu, P Garrett, V Barasa, P Ombeki, S Mwaki, A Quick, RE TI Seeking safe storage: A comparison of drinking water quality in clay and plastic vessels SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Quick, RE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mail Stop A38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1610 EP 1611 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1610 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800024 PM 11574319 ER PT J AU Garg, R Omwomo, W Witte, JM Lee, LA Deming, MS AF Garg, R Omwomo, W Witte, JM Lee, LA Deming, MS TI Care seeking during fatal childhood illnesses: Siaya District, Kenya, 1998 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CARE Kenya, Community Initiat Child Survival Siaya, Siaya, Kenya. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Deming, MS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Parasit Dis, Mail Stop F22,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 4 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1611 EP 1613 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1611 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800025 PM 11574320 ER PT J AU Zabina, H Schmid, TL Glasunov, I Potemkina, R Kamardina, T Deev, A Konstantinova, S Popovich, M AF Zabina, H Schmid, TL Glasunov, I Potemkina, R Kamardina, T Deev, A Konstantinova, S Popovich, M TI Monitoring behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular disease in Russia SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Russian Natl Ctr Prevent Med, Moscow, Russia. RP Schmid, TL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Mail Stop K-46,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Deev, Alexander/0000-0002-7669-9714 NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1613 EP 1614 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1613 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800026 PM 11574321 ER PT J AU Kelly, JM Osamba, B Garg, RM Hamel, MJ Lewis, JJ Rowe, SY Rowe, AK Deming, MS AF Kelly, JM Osamba, B Garg, RM Hamel, MJ Lewis, JJ Rowe, SY Rowe, AK Deming, MS TI Community health worker performance in the management of multiple childhood illnesses: Siaya District, Kenya, 1997-2001 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID ACUTE RESPIRATORY-INFECTIONS; ARI CONTROL PROGRAM; HOME TREATMENT; CHILDREN; MALARIA; NEPAL; INTERVENTION; PNEUMONIA; CARE AB Objectives, To characterize community health worker (CHW) performance using an algorithm for managing common childhood illnesses in Siaya District, Kenya, we conducted CHW evaluations in 1998, 1999, and 2001. Methods. Randomly selected CHWs were observed managing sick outpatient and inpatient children at a hospital, and their management was compared with that of an expert clinician who used the algorithm. Results. One hundred, 108, and 114 CHWs participated in the evaluations in 1998, 1999, and 2001, respectively. The proportions of children treated "adequately" (with an antibiotic, antimalarial, oral rehydration solution, or referral, depending on the child's disease classifications) were 57.8%, 35.5%, and 38.9%, respectively, for children with a severe classification and 27.7%, 77.3%, and 74.3%, respectively, for children with a moderate (but not severe) classification. CHWs adequately treated 90.5% of malaria cases (the most commonly encountered classification). CHWs often made mistakes assessing symptoms, classifying illnesses, and prescribing correct doses of medications, Conclusions. Deficiencies were found in the management of sick children by CHWs, although care was not consistently poor. Key reasons for the deficiencies appear to be guideline complexity and inadequate clinical supervision; other possible causes are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CARE Kenya, Siaya, Kenya. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. Univ Alabama, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. RP Kelly, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop F22,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 27 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1617 EP 1624 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1617 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800029 PM 11574324 ER PT J AU Rowe, AK Onikpo, F Lama, M Cokou, F Deming, MS AF Rowe, AK Onikpo, F Lama, M Cokou, F Deming, MS TI Management of childhood illness at health facilities in Benin: Problems and their causes SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID DIARRHEA; NEPAL AB Objectives. To prepare for the implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) in Benin, we studied the management of ill children younger than 5 years at outpatient health facilities. Methods. We observed a representative sample of consultations: after each consultation, we interviewed caregivers and reexamined children. Health workers' performance was evaluated against IMCI guidelines. To identify determinants of performance, statistical modeling was performed and 6 focus groups with health workers were conducted to solicit their opinions. Results. Altogether, 584 children were enrolled and 101 health workers were observed; 130 health workers participated in focus group discussions. Many serious deficiencies were found: incomplete assessment of children's signs and symptoms, incorrect diagnosis and treatment of potentially life-threatening illnesses, inappropriate prescription of dangerous sedatives, missed opportunities to vaccinate, and failure to refer severely ill children for hospitalization, Quantitative and qualitative analyses showed various health facility-, health worker-, caregiver-, and child-related factors as possible determinants of health worker performance. Conclusions. Action is urgently needed. Our results suggest that to improve health care delivery, interventions should target both the health system and the community level. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Supp, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Direct Departementale Sante Publ Oueme, Porto Novo, Benin. Africare Benin, Porto Novo, Benin. RP Rowe, AK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Int Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program Supp, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 19 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1625 EP 1635 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1625 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800030 PM 11574325 ER PT J AU Kilonzo, A Kouletio, M Whitehead, SJ Curtis, KM McCarthy, BJ AF Kilonzo, A Kouletio, M Whitehead, SJ Curtis, KM McCarthy, BJ TI Improving surveillance for maternal and perinatal health in 2 districts of rural Tanzania SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; MALARIA AB Objectives. As part of a community-based reproductive health project in rural Tanzania, a maternal and perinatal health care surveillance system was established to monitor pregnancy outcomes. This report presents preliminary results. Methods. Village health workers were trained to collect data during health education visits to pregnant and postpartum women. Maternal and fetal or infant survival or deaths were tracked on a community monitoring board. Results. Among 904 pregnancies, the fetoneonatal mortality rate was 69.4 deaths per 1000 live births and fetal deaths; 4 maternal deaths occurred, Intrapartum and early neonatal deaths of infants with birthweights of 1500 g or greater represented a large proportion of deaths. Conclusions. These preliminary results will be used to prioritize project interventions, including increasing access to skilled delivery care. C1 CARE Tanzania, MPH, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. Bugando Med Ctr, Mwanza, Tanzania. WHO, Collaborating Ctr Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kouletio, M (reprint author), CARE Tanzania, MPH, POB 10242, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 91 IS 10 BP 1636 EP 1640 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.10.1636 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476JD UT WOS:000171221800031 PM 11574326 ER PT J AU Castro, MB Nicholson, WL Kramer, VL Childs, JE AF Castro, MB Nicholson, WL Kramer, VL Childs, JE TI Persistent infection in Neotoma fuscipes (Muridae : Sigmodontinae) with Ehrlichia phagocytophila sensu lato SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; IXODES-PACIFICUS ACARI; AMBLYOMMA-AMERICANUM ACARI; WHITE-TAILED DEER; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; LYME-DISEASE; EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION; POTENTIAL VECTOR; UNITED-STATES AB Dusky-footed wood rats (Neotoma fuscipes Baird) and two species of Peromyscus mice (P. maniculatus Wagner and P. truci Shufeldt) were collected over a 16-month period from three sites in Sonoma County, California. Blood was collected from 93 wood rats and 177 mice and serum or plasma was tested for seroreactivity with Ehrlichia phagocytophila sensu lato (also known as the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent). Thirty-five (37.6%) wood rats and 15 (8.5%) mice were seropositive. Positive Neotoma serology by site ranged from 9.4% to 62.1%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for the Ehrlichia groESL heat shock operon was performed on all the seropositive and selected seronegative wood rats; 24 (68.6%) seropositive animals were PCR positive. Two seroconversions and no seroreversions were detected among 18 of the seropositive wood rats that were recaptured and tested Multiple times (range = 2-6). Fourteen (77.8%) of the 18 were also PCR positive with six of these positive at every testing point (range = 2-6). One wood rat remained serologically and PCR positive in six specimens collected over a 14-month period. One male of 84 questing adult Ixodes pacificus Cooley & Kohls collected was PCR-positive for E. phagocytophila. Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, was cultured from car punch biopsies from six of seven E. phagocytophila seropositive and one of four seronegative wood rats. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Sacramento, CA 94234 USA. RP Castro, MB (reprint author), Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Div Communicable Dis Control, Vector Borne Dis Sect, Santa Rosa, CA 95404 USA. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 38 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 261 EP 267 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 487BF UT WOS:000171853300001 PM 11693866 ER PT J AU Burkot, TR Maupin, GO Schneider, BS Denatale, C Happ, CM Rutherford, JS Zeidner, NS AF Burkot, TR Maupin, GO Schneider, BS Denatale, C Happ, CM Rutherford, JS Zeidner, NS TI Use of a sentinel host system to study the questing behavior of Ixodes spinipalpis and its role in the transmission of Borrelia bissettii, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, and Babesia microti SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID LYME-DISEASE; NORTHERN COLORADO; ENZOOTIC CYCLE; UNITED-STATES; BURGDORFERI; AGENT; ACARI; SCAPULARIS; PACIFICUS; IXODIDAE AB Ixodes spinipalpis maintains Borrelia bissettii spirochetes in Colorado in a cycle involving wood rats and deer mice. This tick has been described as nidicolous, remaining either attached to its rodent hosts or in the rodent nest. Nidicolous ticks pose little risk of pathogen transmission to humans if they do not actively quest for hosts. To investigate the questing potential of I. spinipalpis, sentinel mice were placed in an area where I. spinipalpis had been commonly found on wood rats and deer mice. Concurrently, wild rodent populations were trapped and analyzed for Lyme disease spirochetes, the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (aoHGE), and Babesia microti. A total of 122 I. spinipalpis larvae and 10 nymphs were found on 19% of 244 sentinel mice. In addition, 4 sentinel mice became infested with Malaraeus telchinus or Orchopeas neotomae fleas. Questing I. spinipalpis were positively associated with woody shrubs and negatively associated with sunny and grassy areas. Four sentinel mice became infected with aoHGE after having been fed upon only by I. spinipalpis larvae. One sentinel mouse became infected with B. bissettii after having an I. spinipalpis nymph feed on it, and one sentinel mouse became coinfected with aoHGE and B. bissettii after it was fed upon by a single I. spinipalpis nymph. These sentinel mouse conversions suggest the possibility that the aoHGE is transovarially transmitted by I. spinipalpis, and that I. spinipalpis is capable of simultaneously transmitting B. bissettii and the aoHGE. The findings that I. spinipalpis quest away from rodent nests and will attach to and infect sentinel mice may be of public health importance. It suggests the potential transmission of the agents of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis and Lyme disease to other hosts by I. spinipalpis, in regions of the western United States where Ixodes pacificus is not found. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Burkot, TR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. RI Burkot, Thomas/C-6838-2013 NR 35 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 293 EP 299 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 487BF UT WOS:000171853300007 PM 11693872 ER PT J AU De Lemos, ERS Alvarenga, FBF Cintra, ML Ramos, MC Paddock, CD Ferebee, TL Zaki, SR Ferreira, FCC Ravagnani, RC Machado, RD Guimaraes, MAAM Coura, JR AF De Lemos, ERS Alvarenga, FBF Cintra, ML Ramos, MC Paddock, CD Ferebee, TL Zaki, SR Ferreira, FCC Ravagnani, RC Machado, RD Guimaraes, MAAM Coura, JR TI Spotted fever in Brazil: A seroepidemiological study and description of clinical cases in an endemic area in the state of Sao Paulo SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; DISEASE AB During 1985-1995, illnesses clinically and epidemiologically compatible with Brazilian spotted fever were identified in 17 patients in the county of Pedreira, in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Spotted-fever group rickettsial infection was confirmed by serology and/or immunostaining of tissues in 10 of these patients. Immunostaining confirmed infection in a 37-year-old pregnant patient, although rickettsial antigens were not demonstrable in the tissues of the fetus. A serosurvey was conducted in four localities in the county to determine the prevalence of subclinical or asymptomatic infections with spotted fever group rickettsiae. Five hundred and twenty-five blood samples were tested by an indirect immunofluorescence assay for antibodies reactive with Rickettsia rickettsii. Twenty-two (4.2%) of these samples demonstrated titers greater than or equal to 1:64. The results indicate that Brazilian spotted fever is endemic within this region of Brazil. C1 Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. State Univ Rio de Janeiro, Dept Patol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, UNICAMP, Fac Ciencias Med, Campinas, SP, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Div Hlth Municipal Pedreira, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Fed Univ Rio De Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP De Lemos, ERS (reprint author), Oswaldo Cruz Fdn, Inst Oswaldo Cruz, BR-21045900 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 33 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 65 IS 4 BP 329 EP 334 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 487BF UT WOS:000171853300013 PM 11693878 ER PT J AU Klevens, RM Fleming, PL Li, JM Gaines, CG Gallagher, K Schwarcz, S Karon, JM Ward, JW AF Klevens, RM Fleming, PL Li, JM Gaines, CG Gallagher, K Schwarcz, S Karon, JM Ward, JW TI The completeness, validity, and timeliness of AIDS surveillance data SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; population surveillance; evaluation studies; reproducibility of results ID CASE-DEFINITION; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIC; VALIDATION; IMPACT; CITY AB PURPOSE: To assess the completeness, validity, and timeliness of the AIDS surveillance system after the 1993 change in the surveillance case definition. METHODS: To assess completeness of AIDS case reporting, three study sites conducted a comparison of their AIDS surveillance registries with an independent source of information. To evaluate validity, the same sites conducted record reviews on a sample of reported AIDS cases, we then compared agreement between the original report and the record review for sex, race, and mode of transmission. To evaluate timeliness, we calculated the median delay from time of diagnosis to case report, before and after the change in case definition, in each of the three study sites. RESULTS: After expansion of the case definition, completeness of AIDS case reporting in hospitals (greater than or equal to 93%) and outpatient settings (greater than or equal to 90%) was high. Agreement between the information provided on the original case report and the medical record was > 98% for sex, > 83% for each race/ethnicity group; and > 67% for each risk group. The median reporting delay after the change was four months, but varied by site from three to six months. CONCLUSIONS: The completeness, validity, and timeliness of the AIDS surveillance system remains high after the 1993 change in the surveillance case definition. These findings might be useful for programs implementing integrated HIV and AIDS surveillance systems. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Human Serv, New Orleans, LA USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Klevens, RM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-47, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 7 BP 443 EP 449 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00256-3 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 475LH UT WOS:000171165100001 PM 11557175 ER PT J AU Yang, QH Witkiewicz, BB Olney, RS Liu, YC Davis, M Khoury, MJ Correa, A Erickson, JD AF Yang, QH Witkiewicz, BB Olney, RS Liu, YC Davis, M Khoury, MJ Correa, A Erickson, JD TI A case-control study of maternal alcohol consumption and intrauterine growth retardation SO ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE alcohol drinking; pregnancy; birthweight; IUGR; case-control study ID BIRTH-WEIGHT; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; PRETERM DELIVERY; FETAL GROWTH; PREGNANCY; DRINKING; SMOKING AB PURPOSE: Heavy maternal drinking during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol syndrome, but whether more moderate alcohol consumption is associated with such adverse pregnancy outcomes as intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) remains controversial. METHODS: Using data from a case,control study, we examined the association between maternal alcohol consumption and risk for IUGR among 701 case and 336 control infants born during 1993-1995 in Monroe County, New York. RESULTS: Our results provide no evidence of an independent association between moderate maternal alcohol consumption (< 14 drinks per week) and risk for IUGR. The risk for IUGR among heavy drinkers (greater than or equal to 14 drinks per week) around the time of conception was OR = 1.4 (95% Cl 0.7-2.6) for IUGR less than or equal to 5th percentile and OR = 1.4 (95% Cl 0.7-2.8) for IUGR 5th-10th percentile. For heavy drinkers during the first trimester, the OR was 1.3 (95% Cl 0.4-4.5) for IUGR less than or equal to 5th percentile and OR = 1.3 (95% Cl 0.4-4.8) for IUGR 5th-10th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: Since IUGR is a heterogeneous outcome with a possible multifactorial origin, further studies are needed to examine the combined effects of alcohol and other environmental and genetic factors on IUGR risk for subgroups of IUGR. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Monroe Cty Dept Hlth, Rochester, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Global AIDS Program, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Yang, QH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 1047-2797 J9 ANN EPIDEMIOL JI Ann. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 7 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00240-X PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 475LH UT WOS:000171165100008 PM 11557182 ER PT J AU Morris, MC Scherr, PA Hebert, LE Glynn, RJ Bennett, DA Evans, DA AF Morris, MC Scherr, PA Hebert, LE Glynn, RJ Bennett, DA Evans, DA TI Association of incident Alzheimer disease and blood pressure measured from 13 years before to 2 years after diagnosis in a large community study SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VASCULAR RISK-FACTORS; WHITE-MATTER LESIONS; COGNITIVE DECLINE; BRAIN MORPHOLOGY; OLDER PERSONS; SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION; LEUKO-ARAIOSIS; FOLLOW-UP; POPULATION; DEMENTIA AB Background: It is uncertain whether high blood pressure increases the risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD). Objective: To examine the association between incident AD and blood pressure measured up to 13 years before diagnosis. Design: Longitudinal cohort study conducted from 1982 to 1988, with blood pressure measured every 3 years in home interviews, and in 1973 for a portion (60%) of the sample. Setting: Community of East Boston, Mass. Participants: Six hundred thirty-four subjects 65 years or older and without AD were selected as a stratified random sample of participants of the East Boston Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. Main Outcome Measure: Alzheimer disease was diagnosed by a neurologist using a structured clinical evaluation. Results: High blood pressure was not associated with an increased risk of AD in logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, and level of education. There was no association with systolic pressure measured 13 years before diagnosis (odds ratio = 1.03/10 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.32) and an inverse association with systolic pressure measured 4 years before diagnosis (odds ratio = 0.82/10 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 0.72-0.95). Associations for diastolic pressure were in the same direction as those for systolic pressure except with wider confidence intervals. The odds ratios were not materially different with further adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. Conclusion: In this large community study, high C, blood pressure was not associated with an increased risk of AD. C1 Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Rush Alzheimers Dis Ctr, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Internal Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Prevent Med, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Dept Neurol Sci, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Brigham & Womens Hosp, Dept Med, Div Prevent Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. RP Morris, MC (reprint author), Rush Presbyterian St Lukes Med Ctr, Rush Inst Healthy Aging, 1645 W Jackson, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG05362, AG06789, N01-AG-0-2107] NR 44 TC 119 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1640 EP 1646 DI 10.1001/archneur.58.10.1640 PG 7 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 480CL UT WOS:000171444400014 PM 11594923 ER PT J AU Belay, ED Gambetti, P Schonberger, LB Parchi, P Lyon, DR Capellari, S McQuiston, JH Bradley, K Dowdle, G Crutcher, JM Nichols, CR AF Belay, ED Gambetti, P Schonberger, LB Parchi, P Lyon, DR Capellari, S McQuiston, JH Bradley, K Dowdle, G Crutcher, JM Nichols, CR TI Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in unusually young patients who consumed venison SO ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSIBLE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHIES; VARIANT; COLORADO AB Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans and chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk occur in the United States. Recent reports of 3 unusually young patients with CJD who regularly consumed deer or elk meat created concern about the possible zoonotic transmission of CWD. Objective: To examine the possible transmission of CWD to humans. Patients: Three unusually young patients (aged 28, 28, and 30 years) with CJD in the United States during 1997-2000. Methods: We reviewed medical records and interviewed family members and state wildlife and agriculture officials. Brain tissue samples were tested using histopathologic, immunohistochemical, immunoblot, or prion protein gene analyses. Main Outcome Measures: Presence or absence of established CJD risk factors, deer and elk hunting in CWD- endemic areas, and comparison of the evidence for the 3 patients with that of a zoonotic link between new variant CJD and bovine spongiform encephalopathy. Results: None of the patients had established CJD risk factors or a history of travel to Europe. Two patients hunted game animals and 1 was a daughter of a hunter. Unlike patients with new variant CJD, the 3 patients did not have a unique neuropathologic manifestation, clinicopathologic homogeneity, uniformity in the codon 129 of the prion protein gene, or prion characteristics different from those of classic variants. Conclusions: Although the occurrence of 3 unusually young patients with CJD who consumed venison suggested a possible relationship with CWD, our follow-up investigation found no strong evidence for a causal link. Ongoing CJD surveillance remains important for continuing to assess the risk, if any, of CWD transmission to humans. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Inst Pathol, Div Neuropathol, Natl Prion Dis Pathol Surveillance Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Oklahoma Dept Hlth, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP Belay, ED (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Mailstop A-39,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI capellari, sabina/F-5545-2012; Belay, Ermias/A-8829-2013; Parchi, Piero/L-9833-2015 OI Parchi, Piero/0000-0002-9444-9524 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG 14359]; PHS HHS [CCU 515004] NR 16 TC 64 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9942 J9 ARCH NEUROL-CHICAGO JI Arch. Neurol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 58 IS 10 BP 1673 EP 1678 DI 10.1001/archneur.58.10.1673 PG 6 WC Clinical Neurology SC Neurosciences & Neurology GA 480CL UT WOS:000171444400019 PM 11594928 ER PT J AU Kassoff, A Kassoff, J Buehler, J Eglow, M Kaufman, F Mehu, M Kieval, S Mairs, M Graig, B Quattrocchi, A Jones, D Locatelli, J Ruby, A Capone, A Garretson, B Hassan, T Trese, MT Williams, GA Regan, V Manatrey, P Streasick, P Szydlowski, L McIver, F Bridges, C Stanley, C Cumming, K Lewis, B Zajechowski, M Margherio, RR Cox, MS Camille, J Falk, R Siedlak, P Neubert, C Klein, ML Stout, JT O'Malley, A Lauer, AK Robertson, JE Wilson, DJ Beardsley, C Anderson, H Wallace, P Smith, G Howard, S Dreyer, RF Ma, C Chenoweth, RG Zilis, JD Johnson, M Rice, P Daniel, H Crider, H Parker, S Sherman, K Martin, DF Aaberg, TM Sternberg, P Curtis, LT Ju, B Gilman, J Myles, B Strittman, S Gentry, C Yi, H Capone, A Lambert, M Meredith, T Aaberg, TM Saperstein, D Lim, JI Stribling, B Armiger, D Swords, R Orth, DH Flood, TP Civantos, J deBustros, S Packo, KH Merrill, PT Cohen, JA Figliulo, C Morrison, C Bryant, DA Doherty, D McVicker, M Drefcinski, T Seddon, JM Pinnolis, MK Davis, N Burton, I Taitsel, T Walsh, D Dubois-Moran, J Callahan, C Evans, C Snow, KK Jones-Devonish, DA Crouse, VD Rosenberg, NJ Chew, EY Csaky, K Ferris, FL Shimel, KH Woods, MA Kuehl, EM Ciatto, PF Palmer, M Babilonia-Ayukawa, G Foster, GE Goodman, L Kim, YJ Kivitz, IJ Koutsandreas, D LaReau, A Mercer, RF Nashwinter, R McCarthy, SA Ayres, LM Lopez, P Randalls, A Friberg, TR Eller, AW Gorin, MB Nixon, S Mack, B Curtin, DY Ostroska, PP Fijewski, E Alexander, J Paine, MK Corbin, PS Warnicki, J Bressler, SB Bressler, NM Cassel, G Finkelstein, D Goldberg, M Haller, JA Ratner, L Schachat, AP Sherman, SH Sunness, JS Schenning, S Sackett, C Cain, D Emmert, D Herring, M McDonald, J Falk, R Wheeler, S Mcmillan, M George, T Elman, MJ Ballinger, R Betancourt, A Glasser, D Herr, M Hirsh, D Kilingsworth, D Kohlhepp, P Lammlein, J Raden, RZ Seff, R Shuman, M Starr, J Carrigan, A Sotirakos, P Cain, T Mathews, T Ringrose, C Chandra, SR Gottlieb, JL Ip, MS Klein, R Nork, TM Stevens, TS Blodi, BA Altaweel, M Klein, BEK Olson, M Soderling, B Blatz, M Perry-Raymond, JR Burke, K Knutson, G Peterson, J Krolnik, D Harrison, R Somers, G Myers, FL Wallow, I Olsen, TW Bresnik, G De Venecia, G Perkins, T Walker, W Miller, JL Neider, M Wabers, HD Weber, G Myers, HEL Davis, MD Klein, BEK Klein, R Hubbard, L Neider, M Wabers, HD Magli, YL Ansay, S Armstrong, J Lang, K Badal, D Geithman, PL Miner, KD Dohm, KL Esser, B Hurtenbach, C Craanen, S Webster, M Elledge, J Reed, S Benz, W Reimers, J Fisher, MR Gangnon, R King, W Gai, CY Baliker, J Carr, A Osterby, K Kastorff, L Robinson, N Onofrey, J Glander, KE Brickbauer, J Miller, D Sowell, A Gunter, E Bowman, B Lindblad, AS Milton, RC Clemons, TE Ederer, F Gensler, G Henning, A Entler, G McBee, W Roberts, K Stine, E Berlin, SH Tomlin, K Pallas, S Scholl, PR Mengers, SA Anand, R Ferris, FL Sperduto, RD Kurinij, N Chew, EY AF Kassoff, A Kassoff, J Buehler, J Eglow, M Kaufman, F Mehu, M Kieval, S Mairs, M Graig, B Quattrocchi, A Jones, D Locatelli, J Ruby, A Capone, A Garretson, B Hassan, T Trese, MT Williams, GA Regan, V Manatrey, P Streasick, P Szydlowski, L McIver, F Bridges, C Stanley, C Cumming, K Lewis, B Zajechowski, M Margherio, RR Cox, MS Camille, J Falk, R Siedlak, P Neubert, C Klein, ML Stout, JT O'Malley, A Lauer, AK Robertson, JE Wilson, DJ Beardsley, C Anderson, H Wallace, P Smith, G Howard, S Dreyer, RF Ma, C Chenoweth, RG Zilis, JD Johnson, M Rice, P Daniel, H Crider, H Parker, S Sherman, K Martin, DF Aaberg, TM Sternberg, P Curtis, LT Ju, B Gilman, J Myles, B Strittman, S Gentry, C Yi, H Capone, A Lambert, M Meredith, T Aaberg, TM Saperstein, D Lim, JI Stribling, B Armiger, D Swords, R Orth, DH Flood, TP Civantos, J deBustros, S Packo, KH Merrill, PT Cohen, JA Figliulo, C Morrison, C Bryant, DA Doherty, D McVicker, M Drefcinski, T Seddon, JM Pinnolis, MK Davis, N Burton, I Taitsel, T Walsh, D Dubois-Moran, J Callahan, C Evans, C Snow, KK Jones-Devonish, DA Crouse, VD Rosenberg, NJ Chew, EY Csaky, K Ferris, FL Shimel, KH Woods, MA Kuehl, EM Ciatto, PF Palmer, M Babilonia-Ayukawa, G Foster, GE Goodman, L Kim, YJ Kivitz, IJ Koutsandreas, D LaReau, A Mercer, RF Nashwinter, R McCarthy, SA Ayres, LM Lopez, P Randalls, A Friberg, TR Eller, AW Gorin, MB Nixon, S Mack, B Curtin, DY Ostroska, PP Fijewski, E Alexander, J Paine, MK Corbin, PS Warnicki, J Bressler, SB Bressler, NM Cassel, G Finkelstein, D Goldberg, M Haller, JA Ratner, L Schachat, AP Sherman, SH Sunness, JS Schenning, S Sackett, C Cain, D Emmert, D Herring, M McDonald, J Falk, R Wheeler, S Mcmillan, M George, T Elman, MJ Ballinger, R Betancourt, A Glasser, D Herr, M Hirsh, D Kilingsworth, D Kohlhepp, P Lammlein, J Raden, RZ Seff, R Shuman, M Starr, J Carrigan, A Sotirakos, P Cain, T Mathews, T Ringrose, C Chandra, SR Gottlieb, JL Ip, MS Klein, R Nork, TM Stevens, TS Blodi, BA Altaweel, M Klein, BEK Olson, M Soderling, B Blatz, M Perry-Raymond, JR Burke, K Knutson, G Peterson, J Krolnik, D Harrison, R Somers, G Myers, FL Wallow, I Olsen, TW Bresnik, G De Venecia, G Perkins, T Walker, W Miller, JL Neider, M Wabers, HD Weber, G Myers, HEL Davis, MD Klein, BEK Klein, R Hubbard, L Neider, M Wabers, HD Magli, YL Ansay, S Armstrong, J Lang, K Badal, D Geithman, PL Miner, KD Dohm, KL Esser, B Hurtenbach, C Craanen, S Webster, M Elledge, J Reed, S Benz, W Reimers, J Fisher, MR Gangnon, R King, W Gai, CY Baliker, J Carr, A Osterby, K Kastorff, L Robinson, N Onofrey, J Glander, KE Brickbauer, J Miller, D Sowell, A Gunter, E Bowman, B Lindblad, AS Milton, RC Clemons, TE Ederer, F Gensler, G Henning, A Entler, G McBee, W Roberts, K Stine, E Berlin, SH Tomlin, K Pallas, S Scholl, PR Mengers, SA Anand, R Ferris, FL Sperduto, RD Kurinij, N Chew, EY CA AREDS Res Grp TI A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss - AREDS Report No. 8 SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BLUE MOUNTAINS EYE; BEAVER DAM EYE; VISUAL IMPAIRMENT; ORAL ZINC; MACULOPATHY; ANTIOXIDANT; PREVALENCE; PIGMENT; COHORT; RISK AB Background: Observational and experimental data suggest that antioxidant and/or zinc supplements may delay progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and vision loss. Objective: To evaluate the effect of high-dose vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc supplements on AMD progression and visual acuity. Design: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study, an 11-center double-masked clinical trial, enrolled participants in an AMD trial if they had extensive small drusen, intermediate drusen, large drusen, noncentral geographic atrophy, or pigment abnormalities in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye. At least 1 eye had best-corrected visual acuity of 20/32 or better. Participants were randomly assigned to receive daily oral tablets containing: (1) antioxidants (vitamin C, 500 mg; vitamin E, 400 IU; and beta carotene, 15 mg) (2) zinc, 80 mg, as zinc oxide and copper, 2 mg, as cupric oxide; (3) antioxidants plus zinc; or (4) placebo. Main Outcome Measures: (1)Photographic assessment of progression to or treatment for advanced AMD and (2) at least moderate visual acuity loss from baseline ( : 15 letters). Primary analyses used repeated-measures logistic regression with a significance level of .01, unadjusted for covariates. Serum level measurements, medical histories, and mortality rates were used for safety monitoring. Results: Average follow-up of the 3640 enrolled study participants, aged 55-80 years, was 6.3 years, with 2.4% lost to follow-up. Comparison with placebo demonstrated a statistically significant odds reduction for the development of advanced AMD with antioxidants plus zinc (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 99% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.98). The ORs for zinc alone and antioxidants alone are 0.75 (99% CI, 0.55-1.03) and 0.80 (99% CI, 0.59-1.09), respectively. Participants with extensive small drusen, nonextensive intermediate size drusen, or pigment abnormalities had only a 1.3% 5-year probability of progression to advanced AMD. Odds reduction estimates increased when these 1063 participants were excluded (antioxidants plus zinc: OR, 0.66; 99% CI, 0.47-0.91; zinc: OR, 0.71; 99% CI, 0.52-0.99; antioxidants: OR, 0.76; 99% CI, 0.55-1.05). Both zinc and antioxidants plus zinc significantly reduced the odds of developing advanced AMD in this higher-risk group. The only statistically significant reduction in rates of at least moderate visual acuity loss occurred in persons assigned to receive antioxidants plus zinc (OR, 0.73; 99% CI, 0.54-0.99). No statistically significant serious adverse effect was associated with any of the formulations. Conclusions: Persons older than 55 years should have dilated eye examinations to determine their risk of developing advanced AMD. Those with extensive intermediate size drusen, at least 1 large druse, noncentral geographic atrophy in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye, and without contraindications such as smoking, should consider taking a supplement of antioxidants plus zinc such as that used in this study. C1 Eye Ctr Mem, Albany, NY USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ingalls Mem Hosp, Harvey, IL USA. Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NEI, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Elman Retina Grp PA, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Reading Ctr, Madison, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cent Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NEI, Project Off, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kassoff, A (reprint author), Eye Ctr Mem, Albany, NY USA. NR 52 TC 1310 Z9 1344 U1 12 U2 112 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 119 IS 10 BP 1417 EP 1436 PG 20 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 481RD UT WOS:000171532700001 ER PT J AU Kassoff, A Kassoff, J Buehler, J Eglow, M Kaufman, F Mehu, M Kieval, S Mairs, M Graig, B Quattrocchi, A Jones, D Locatelli, J Ruby, A Capone, A Garretson, B Hassan, T Trese, MT Williams, GA Regan, V Manatrey, P Streasick, P Szydlowski, L McIver, F Bridges, C Stanely, C Cumming, K Lewis, B Zajechowski, M Margherio, RR Cox, MS Werner, JC Falk, R Siedlak, P Neubert, C Klein, ML Stout, JT O'Malley, A Lauer, AK Robertson, JE Wilson, DJ Beardsley, C Anderson, H Wallace, P Smith, G Howard, S Dreyer, RF Ma, C Chenoweth, RG Zilis, JD Johnson, M Rice, P Daniel, H Crider, H Parker, S Sherman, K Martin, DF Aaberg, TM Sternberg, P Curtis, LT Ju, B Gilman, J Myles, B Strittman, S Gentry, C Yi, H Capone, A Lambert, M Meredith, T Aaberg, TM Saperstein, D Lim, JI Stribling, B Armiger, D Swords, R Orth, DH Flood, TP Civantos, J deBustros, S Packo, KH Merrill, PT Cohen, JA Figliulo, C Morrison, C Bryant, DA Doherty, D McVicker, M Drefcinski, T Seddon, JM Pinnolis, MK Davis, N Burton, I Taitsel, T Walsh, D Snow, KK Jones-Devonish, DA Crouse, VD Rosenberg, J Chew, EY Csaky, K Ferris, FL Shimel, KH Woods, MA Kuehl, EM Ciatto, PF Palmer, M Babilonia-Ayukawa, G Foster, GE Goodman, L Kim, YJ Kivitz, IJ Koutsandreas, D LaReau, A Mercer, RF Nashwinter, R McCarthy, SA Ayres, LM Lopez, P Randalls, A Friberg, TR Eller, AW Gorin, MB Nixon, S Mack, B Curtin, DY Ostroska, PP Fijewski, E Alexander, J Paine, MK Corbin, PS Warnicki, J Bressler, SB Bressler, NM Cassel, G Finkelstein, D Goldberg, M Haller, JA Ratner, L Schachat, AP Sherman, SH Sunness, JS Schenning, S Sackett, C Cain, D Emmert, D Herring, M McDonald, J Falk, R Wheeler, S Mcmillan, M George, T Elman, MJ Ballinger, R Betancourt, A Glasser, D Herr, M Hirsh, D Kilingsworth, D Kohlhepp, P Lammlein, J Raden, RZ Seff, R Shuman, M Starr, J Carrigan, A Sotirakos, P Cain, T Mathews, T Ringrose, C Chandra, SR Gottlieb, JL Ip, MS Klein, R Nork, TM Stevens, TS Blodi, BA Altaweel, M Klein, BEK Olson, M Soderling, B Blatz, M Perry-Raymond, JR Burke, K Knutson, G Peterson, J Krolnik, D Harrison, R Somers, G Myers, FL Wallow, I Olsen, TW Bresnik, G De Venecia, G Perkins, T Walker, W Miller, JL Neider, M Wabers, HD Weber, G Myers, HEL Davis, MD Klein, BEK Klein, R Hubbard, L Neider, M Wabers, HD Magli, YL Ansay, S Armstrong, J Lang, K Badal, D Geithman, PL Miner, KD Dohm, KL Esser, B Hurtenbach, C Craanen, S Webster, M Elledge, J Reed, S Benz, W Reimers, J Fisher, MR Gangnon, R King, W Gai, CY Baliker, J Carr, A Osterby, K Kastorff, L Robinson, N Onofrey, J Glander, KE Brickbauer, J Miller, D Sowell, A Gunter, E Bowman, B Lindblad, AS Milton, RC Clemons, TE Ederer, F Gensler, G Henning, A Entler, G McBee, W Roberts, K Stine, E Berlin, SH Tomlin, K Pallas, S Scholl, PR Mengers, SA Anand, R Ferris, FL Sperduto, RD Kurinij, N Chew, EY AF Kassoff, A Kassoff, J Buehler, J Eglow, M Kaufman, F Mehu, M Kieval, S Mairs, M Graig, B Quattrocchi, A Jones, D Locatelli, J Ruby, A Capone, A Garretson, B Hassan, T Trese, MT Williams, GA Regan, V Manatrey, P Streasick, P Szydlowski, L McIver, F Bridges, C Stanely, C Cumming, K Lewis, B Zajechowski, M Margherio, RR Cox, MS Werner, JC Falk, R Siedlak, P Neubert, C Klein, ML Stout, JT O'Malley, A Lauer, AK Robertson, JE Wilson, DJ Beardsley, C Anderson, H Wallace, P Smith, G Howard, S Dreyer, RF Ma, C Chenoweth, RG Zilis, JD Johnson, M Rice, P Daniel, H Crider, H Parker, S Sherman, K Martin, DF Aaberg, TM Sternberg, P Curtis, LT Ju, B Gilman, J Myles, B Strittman, S Gentry, C Yi, H Capone, A Lambert, M Meredith, T Aaberg, TM Saperstein, D Lim, JI Stribling, B Armiger, D Swords, R Orth, DH Flood, TP Civantos, J deBustros, S Packo, KH Merrill, PT Cohen, JA Figliulo, C Morrison, C Bryant, DA Doherty, D McVicker, M Drefcinski, T Seddon, JM Pinnolis, MK Davis, N Burton, I Taitsel, T Walsh, D Snow, KK Jones-Devonish, DA Crouse, VD Rosenberg, J Chew, EY Csaky, K Ferris, FL Shimel, KH Woods, MA Kuehl, EM Ciatto, PF Palmer, M Babilonia-Ayukawa, G Foster, GE Goodman, L Kim, YJ Kivitz, IJ Koutsandreas, D LaReau, A Mercer, RF Nashwinter, R McCarthy, SA Ayres, LM Lopez, P Randalls, A Friberg, TR Eller, AW Gorin, MB Nixon, S Mack, B Curtin, DY Ostroska, PP Fijewski, E Alexander, J Paine, MK Corbin, PS Warnicki, J Bressler, SB Bressler, NM Cassel, G Finkelstein, D Goldberg, M Haller, JA Ratner, L Schachat, AP Sherman, SH Sunness, JS Schenning, S Sackett, C Cain, D Emmert, D Herring, M McDonald, J Falk, R Wheeler, S Mcmillan, M George, T Elman, MJ Ballinger, R Betancourt, A Glasser, D Herr, M Hirsh, D Kilingsworth, D Kohlhepp, P Lammlein, J Raden, RZ Seff, R Shuman, M Starr, J Carrigan, A Sotirakos, P Cain, T Mathews, T Ringrose, C Chandra, SR Gottlieb, JL Ip, MS Klein, R Nork, TM Stevens, TS Blodi, BA Altaweel, M Klein, BEK Olson, M Soderling, B Blatz, M Perry-Raymond, JR Burke, K Knutson, G Peterson, J Krolnik, D Harrison, R Somers, G Myers, FL Wallow, I Olsen, TW Bresnik, G De Venecia, G Perkins, T Walker, W Miller, JL Neider, M Wabers, HD Weber, G Myers, HEL Davis, MD Klein, BEK Klein, R Hubbard, L Neider, M Wabers, HD Magli, YL Ansay, S Armstrong, J Lang, K Badal, D Geithman, PL Miner, KD Dohm, KL Esser, B Hurtenbach, C Craanen, S Webster, M Elledge, J Reed, S Benz, W Reimers, J Fisher, MR Gangnon, R King, W Gai, CY Baliker, J Carr, A Osterby, K Kastorff, L Robinson, N Onofrey, J Glander, KE Brickbauer, J Miller, D Sowell, A Gunter, E Bowman, B Lindblad, AS Milton, RC Clemons, TE Ederer, F Gensler, G Henning, A Entler, G McBee, W Roberts, K Stine, E Berlin, SH Tomlin, K Pallas, S Scholl, PR Mengers, SA Anand, R Ferris, FL Sperduto, RD Kurinij, N Chew, EY CA AREDS Res Grp TI A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E and beta carotene for age-related cataract and vision loss - AREDS Report No. 9 SO ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OPACITIES CASE-CONTROL; LENS OPACITIES; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; NUTRIENT INTAKE; EYE DISEASE; RISK; EXTRACTION; PHYSICIANS; NUTRITION AB Background: Experimental and observational data suggest that micronutrients with antioxidant capabilities may retard the development of age-related cataract. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a high-dose antioxidant formulation on the development and progression of age-related lens opacities and visual acuity loss. Design: The 11-center Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) was a double-masked clinical trial. Participants were randomly assigned to receive daily oral tablets containing either antioxidants (vitamin C, 500 mg; vitamin E, 400 IU; and beta carotene, 15 mg) or no antioxidants. Participants with more than a few small drusen were also randomly assigned to receive tablets with or without zinc (80 mg of zinc as zinc oxide) and copper (2 mg of copper as cupric oxide) as part of the age-related macular degeneration trial. Baseline and annual (starting at year 2) lens photographs were graded at a reading center for the severity of lens opacities using the AREDS cataract grading scale. Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcomes were (1) an increase from baseline in nuclear, cortical, or posterior subcapsular opacity grades or cataract surgery, and (2) at least moderate visual acuity loss from baseline (greater than or equal to 15 letters). Primary analyses used repeated-measures logistic regression with a statistical significance level of P = .01. Serum level measurements, medical histories, and mortality rates were used for safety monitoring. Results: Of 4757 participants enrolled, 4629 who were aged from 55 to 80 years had at least 1 natural lens present and were followed up for an average of 6.3 years. No statistically significant effect of the antioxidant formulation was seen on the development or progression of age-related lens opacities (odds ratio = 0.97, P = .55). There was also no statistically significant effect of treatment in reducing the risk of progression for any of the 3 lens opacity types or for cataract surgery. For the 1117 participants with no age-related macular degeneration at baseline, no statistically significant difference was noted between treatment groups for at least moderate visual acuity loss. No statistically significant serious adverse effect was associated with treatment. Conclusion: Use of a high-dose formulation of vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta carotene in a relatively well-nourished older adult cohort had no apparent effect on the 7-year risk of development or progression of age-related lens opacities or visual acuity loss. C1 Eye Ctr Mem, Albany, NY USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ingalls Mem Hosp, Harvey, IL USA. Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirm, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NEI, Ctr Clin, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Johns Hopkins Med Inst, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Elman Retina Grp PA, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Wisconsin, Reading Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Genet Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. NEI, Project Off, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Kassoff, A (reprint author), Eye Ctr Mem, Albany, NY USA. NR 49 TC 303 Z9 311 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-9950 J9 ARCH OPHTHALMOL-CHIC JI Arch. Ophthalmol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 119 IS 10 BP 1439 EP 1452 PG 14 WC Ophthalmology SC Ophthalmology GA 481RD UT WOS:000171532700002 ER PT J AU Wang, GJ Helmick, CG Macera, C Zhang, P Pratt, M AF Wang, GJ Helmick, CG Macera, C Zhang, P Pratt, M TI Inactivity-associated medical costs among US adults with arthritis SO ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATISM-ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE arthritis; costs; economic; physical activity ID RHEUMATOID-ARTHRITIS; MUSCULOSKELETAL CONDITIONS; EDUCATION-PROGRAM; UNITED-STATES; WORK STATUS; EXERCISE; OSTEOARTHRITIS; IMPACT; FITNESS; KNEE AB Objective. To analyze direct medical costs among US adults with arthritis and estimate the proportion associated with inactivity. Methods. In the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey, arthritis was defined using questions on self-reported, doctor-diagnosed arthritis or rheumatism. Physical activity was defined using a self-report question on level of activity. Inactivity-associated medical costs were derived by subtracting costs for active adults from costs for inactive adults after controlling for functional limitation. Results. Among 5,486 adults with arthritis, inactive persons had higher medical costs than did active persons in all demographic groups examined. In multivariate models adjusting for key covariates, the proportion of costs associated with inactivity averaged 12.4% ($1,250 in 2000 dollars) and ranged from 7.8% to 14.3% among various demographic groups. Conclusion. Inactivity-associated medical costs among persons with arthritis are considerable. Physical activity interventions may be a cost-effective strategy for reducing the burden of arthritis. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wang, GJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, 4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Agaliotis, Maria/G-5334-2012 NR 36 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0004-3591 J9 ARTHRIT RHEUM-ARTHR JI Arthritis Rheum-Arthritis Care Res. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 45 IS 5 BP 439 EP 445 DI 10.1002/1529-0131(200110)45:5<439::AID-ART363>3.0.CO;2-M PG 7 WC Rheumatology SC Rheumatology GA 498BB UT WOS:000172489000007 PM 11642643 ER PT J AU Zenan, JS Rambo, N Burroughs, CM Alpi, KM Cahn, MA Rankin, J AF Zenan, JS Rambo, N Burroughs, CM Alpi, KM Cahn, MA Rankin, J TI Public Health Outreach Forum: report SO BULLETIN OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 Univ Nevada, Savitt Med Lib 306, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Informat Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Lib Med, Natl Informat Ctr Hlth Serv Res & Hlth Care Techn, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Samuel J Wood Lib, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Washington, Natl Network Lib Med, NNLM Outreach, Evaluat Resource Ctr, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Zenan, JS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Savitt Med Lib 306, 1664 N Virginia St, Reno, NV 89557 USA. OI Rambo, Neil/0000-0003-2376-5121 NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA SN 0025-7338 J9 B MED LIBR ASSOC JI Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 89 IS 4 BP 400 EP 403 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 530JX UT WOS:000174355500011 PM 11837264 ER PT J AU Rambo, N Zenan, JS Alpi, KM Burroughs, CM Cahn, MA Rankin, J AF Rambo, N Zenan, JS Alpi, KM Burroughs, CM Cahn, MA Rankin, J TI Public Health Outreach Forum: lessons learned SO BULLETIN OF THE MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 Univ Washington, Natl Network Lib Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC Informat Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Lib Med, Natl Informat Ctr Hlth Serv Res & Hlth Care Techn, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA. Cornell Univ, Weill Med Coll, Samuel J Wood Lib, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Nevada, Savitt Med Lib 306, Reno, NV 89557 USA. RP Rambo, N (reprint author), Univ Washington, Natl Network Lib Med, Box 357155,Pacific NW Reg, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. OI Rambo, Neil/0000-0003-2376-5121 NR 0 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU MEDICAL LIBRARY ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 65 EAST WACKER PLACE, STE 1900, CHICAGO, IL 60601-7298 USA SN 0025-7338 J9 B MED LIBR ASSOC JI Bull. Med. Libr. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 89 IS 4 BP 403 EP 406 PG 4 WC Information Science & Library Science SC Information Science & Library Science GA 530JX UT WOS:000174355500012 PM 11837265 ER PT J AU Lynch, M Lee, B Azimi, P Gentsch, J Glaser, C Gilliam, S Chang, HGH Ward, R Glass, RI AF Lynch, M Lee, B Azimi, P Gentsch, J Glaser, C Gilliam, S Chang, HGH Ward, R Glass, RI TI Rotavirus and central nervous system symptoms: Cause or contaminant? Case reports and review SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID; GASTROENTERITIS; ENCEPHALITIS; CONVULSIONS; INFECTION; ENCEPHALOPATHY; INFANTS; RNA AB Rotavirus is a common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. In 2 patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis who developed encephalopathy, rotavirus RNA was detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; in I patient, rotavirus RNA was detected on 2 occasions 3 weeks apart. There are increasing reports of cases in which patients who have seizures after an episode of rotavirus diarrhea have evidence of rotavirus in their CSF. A search of 2 large hospital discharge databases suggested that seizures are noted as part of the discharge diagnosis in the records of, at most, <4% of patients with rota,,virus diarrhea versus 7% of patients with bacterial diarrhea. Although evidence suggesting that rotavirus is a cause of central nervous system sequelae remains inconclusive, the 2 case reports presented in this study further illustrate a possible association. Further study is required to determine whether detection of rotavirus in CSF represents a true pathogen, CSF contamination that occurs at the time of lumbar puncture or in the laboratory, or carriage of rotavirus RNA in trafficking lymphocytes. C1 CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Childrens Hosp Oakland, Div Infect Dis, Oakland, CA 94609 USA. Viral & Rickettsial Dis Lab, Calif Encephalitis Project, Berkeley, CA USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12237 USA. Childrens Hosp, Med Ctr, Div Infect Dis, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA. RP Lynch, M (reprint author), CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, MS G04,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 106 Z9 112 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 BP 932 EP 938 DI 10.1086/322650 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900002 PM 11528562 ER PT J AU Naimi, TS LeDell, KH Boxrud, DJ Groom, AV Steward, CD Johnson, SK Besser, JM O'Boyle, C Danila, RN Cheek, JE Osterholm, MT Moore, KA Smith, KE AF Naimi, TS LeDell, KH Boxrud, DJ Groom, AV Steward, CD Johnson, SK Besser, JM O'Boyle, C Danila, RN Cheek, JE Osterholm, MT Moore, KA Smith, KE TI Epidemiology and clonality of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Minnesota, 1996-1998 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; CHILDREN; MICROBIOLOGY; COLONIZATION; INFECTIONS; HOSPITALS; CARRIAGE; DISEASE; STRAIN; RISK AB Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has emerged among patients in the general population who do not have established risk factors for MRSA. Records from 10 Minnesota health facilities were reviewed to identify cases of MRSA infection that occurred during 1996-1998 and to identify which cases were community acquired. Susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtyping were performed on available isolates. A total of 354 patients (median age, 16 years) with community-acquired MRSA (CAMRSA) infection were identified. Most case patients (299 [84%]) had skin infections, and 103 (29%) were hospitalized. More than 90% of isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobial agents tested, with the exception of beta -lactams and erythromycin. Of 334 patients treated with antimicrobial agents, 282 (84%) initially were treated with agents to which their isolates were nonsusceptible. Of 174 Minnesota isolates tested, 150 (86%) belonged to 1 PFGE clonal group. CAMRSA infections were identified throughout Minnesota; although most isolates were genetically related and susceptible to multiple antimicrobials, they were generally nonsusceptible to initial empirical therapy. C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Labs, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Program Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM USA. RP Naimi, TS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, NCCDPHP, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU511190] NR 37 TC 264 Z9 273 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 BP 990 EP 996 DI 10.1086/322693 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900010 PM 11528570 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Shoemaker, PC Goldoft, MJ Kobayashi, JM AF Dworkin, MS Shoemaker, PC Goldoft, MJ Kobayashi, JM TI Reactive arthritis and Reiter's syndrome following an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella enteritidis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ANKYLOSING-SPONDYLITIS; INFECTION; DISEASE; COHORT AB Reactive arthritis and Reiter's syndrome have been reported following gastroenteritis. Prevalence studies for these conditions are uncommon, and the prevalence of Reiter's syndrome after Salmonella enteritidis infection has not been previously reported. After a large outbreak of S. enteritidis gastroenteritis, a survey of persons exposed to the implicated food source was conducted, and those with reactive arthritis were evaluated for possible risk factors. Among 481 persons responding to the questionnaire, 217 cases of S. enteritidis gastroenteritis were identified (31 confirmed and 186 clinical cases; attack rate, 45%). Twenty-nine percent of the cases had symptoms of reactive arthritis, 3% had symptoms of Reiter's syndrome, and 10% had reactive arthritis with oral ulcers. Markers for severe illness (diarrhea greater than or equal to7 days, emergency room visit or hospitalization, and antibiotic treatment) were statistically significant but colinear factors associated with reactive arthritis. Increased awareness of postdysenteric reactive arthritis and Reiter's syndrome is recommended. C1 CDCP, Epidemiol Program Off, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Sect Communicable Dis Epidemiol, Seattle, WA USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, 160 N LaSalle, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. NR 29 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 BP 1010 EP 1014 DI 10.1086/322644 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900013 PM 11528573 ER PT J AU Hauri, A Armstrong, GL Hutin, YJ AF Hauri, A Armstrong, GL Hutin, YJ TI Global burden of disease attributable to contaminated injections given in health-care settings SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 1 BP 1088 EP 1088 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900027 ER PT J AU Anderson, D Naimi, TS O'Boyle, C Boxrud, DJ Johnson, S Tenover, FC Lynfield, R AF Anderson, D Naimi, TS O'Boyle, C Boxrud, DJ Johnson, S Tenover, FC Lynfield, R TI Vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus with phenotypic susceptibility to methicillin in a patient with recurrent bacteremia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Abbott NW Hosp, Wayzata, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 13 BP 1090 EP 1090 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900039 ER PT J AU Baggett, HC Hennessy, TW Leman, RF Hamlin, CE Bruden, DA Reasonover, AL Sparks, RD Donlan, RM McAllister, SK Martinez, P Butler, JC AF Baggett, HC Hennessy, TW Leman, RF Hamlin, CE Bruden, DA Reasonover, AL Sparks, RD Donlan, RM McAllister, SK Martinez, P Butler, JC TI Outbreak of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections among Alaska Natives, 2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Anchorage, AK USA. Indiana Hlth Serv, Albuquerque, NM USA. Yukon Kuskokwim Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 16 BP 1091 EP 1091 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900042 ER PT J AU Nash, D Lee, LM Sackoff, J Fordyce, J Singh, T Forlenza, SW AF Nash, D Lee, LM Sackoff, J Fordyce, J Singh, T Forlenza, SW TI Predictors of mortality among persons living with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) before and after the widespread availability of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) - New York City, 1993-1999 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, New York, NY USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 17 BP 1091 EP 1091 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900043 ER PT J AU Lingappa, JR Kuffner, T Mize, A Kaiser, R Downer, M Tappero, J McNicholl, J AF Lingappa, JR Kuffner, T Mize, A Kaiser, R Downer, M Tappero, J McNicholl, J TI Host genetic factors influencing risk of illness in an outbreak of leptospirosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 24 BP 1092 EP 1092 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900050 ER PT J AU Nash, D Labowitz, A Maldin, B Martin, D Mostashari, F Fine, A Roehrig, JT Campbell, G Layton, M AF Nash, D Labowitz, A Maldin, B Martin, D Mostashari, F Fine, A Roehrig, JT Campbell, G Layton, M TI A follow-up study of persons infested with West Nile virus during a 1999 outbreak in the New York City area SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. CDC, Ft Collins, CO USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 25 BP 1092 EP 1092 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900051 ER PT J AU Cano, MV Rodriguez, E Feikin, D Bronstein, DE Lindsley, M Iqbal, N Morgan, D Kirkman, L Mirza, S Morgan, J Warnock, DW Kuri, P Hajjeh, RA AF Cano, MV Rodriguez, E Feikin, D Bronstein, DE Lindsley, M Iqbal, N Morgan, D Kirkman, L Mirza, S Morgan, J Warnock, DW Kuri, P Hajjeh, RA CA Acapulco Histoplasmosis Invest Tea TI Histoplasmosis outbreak among college students - Acapulco, Mexico, 2001 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mexico Minist Hlth, Mexico City, DF, Mexico. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 30 BP 1093 EP 1093 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900056 ER PT J AU Feldman, KA Lathrop, S Enscore, R Matyas, B McGuill, M Schriefer, M Stiles-Enos, D Dennis, D Hayes, EB AF Feldman, KA Lathrop, S Enscore, R Matyas, B McGuill, M Schriefer, M Stiles-Enos, D Dennis, D Hayes, EB TI An outbreak of primary pneumonic tularemia, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, 2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Ft Collins, CO USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Marthas Vineyard Hosp, Oak Bluffs, MA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 29 BP 1093 EP 1093 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900055 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Ying, M Davis, M Deasy, M Holland, B Iampietri, L Baysinger, CM Sassano, F Polk, LD Gormley, B Hung, MJ Pilot, K Orsini, M Rankin, S Genese, C Smucker, J Moll, M Sobel, J AF Olsen, SJ Ying, M Davis, M Deasy, M Holland, B Iampietri, L Baysinger, CM Sassano, F Polk, LD Gormley, B Hung, MJ Pilot, K Orsini, M Rankin, S Genese, C Smucker, J Moll, M Sobel, J TI Multistate outbreak of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium infections due to post-pasteurization contaminated milk SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Montgomery Cty Hlth Dept, Norristown, PA USA. Bucks Cty Dept Hlth, Doylestown, PA USA. Gloucester Cty Hlth Dept, Turnersville, NJ USA. New Jersey State Dept Hlth, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. Univ Penn, Kennett Sq, PA USA. US FDA, Washington, DC 20204 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 26 BP 1093 EP 1093 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900052 ER PT J AU Fry, A Nemhauser, J Rutman, M Scaife, H Allan, T Salehi, E Fields, B Benson, R Nowicki, S Parrish, M Koch, E Besser, R AF Fry, A Nemhauser, J Rutman, M Scaife, H Allan, T Salehi, E Fields, B Benson, R Nowicki, S Parrish, M Koch, E Besser, R TI Legionnaires' disease outbreak in an automobile engine manufacturing plant, Ohio, 2001 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, DBMD, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studi, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Cuyahoga Cty Board Hlth, Cleveland, OH USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 41 BP 1095 EP 1095 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900067 ER PT J AU Dull, PM Abdelwahab, J Noble, C Singer, D Spatz, D Becker, M Bateman, J Turcios, R Popovic, T Cetron, M Rosenstein, N AF Dull, PM Abdelwahab, J Noble, C Singer, D Spatz, D Becker, M Bateman, J Turcios, R Popovic, T Cetron, M Rosenstein, N TI Risk of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W-135 carriage among US pilgrims to the Hajj 2001 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 42 BP 1096 EP 1096 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900068 ER PT J AU Warren, DK Kollef, MH Seiler, SM Fridkin, SK Fraser, VJ AF Warren, DK Kollef, MH Seiler, SM Fridkin, SK Fraser, VJ TI The ecology of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus colonization in a medical intensive care unit SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 58 BP 1098 EP 1098 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900084 ER PT J AU Liddell, AM Stockham, SL Arens, M Scott, MA Paddock, CD Gaudreault-Keener, M Buller, R Storch, GA AF Liddell, AM Stockham, SL Arens, M Scott, MA Paddock, CD Gaudreault-Keener, M Buller, R Storch, GA TI Predominance of Ehrlichia ewingii in tick-exposed Missouri dogs SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. Kansas State Univ, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. St Louis Childrens Hosp, St Louis, MO 63178 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 75 BP 1101 EP 1101 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900101 ER PT J AU Garrett, V Garman, RL Berry, D Thomas, S Wilson, S Maillard, JM Levine, S Whitley, B Crowe, C Broughel, D Sulka, A Van Duyne, S Mead, P AF Garrett, V Garman, RL Berry, D Thomas, S Wilson, S Maillard, JM Levine, S Whitley, B Crowe, C Broughel, D Sulka, A Van Duyne, S Mead, P TI Sporadic Salmonella Bareilly infections linked with well, spring and bottled water, southeastern United States, April-August 2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Arkansas Dept Hlth, Little Rock, AR 72205 USA. Georgia Dept Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth, Raleigh, NC USA. Virginia Dept Hlth, Richmond, VA USA. Alabama Dept Hlth, Montgomery, AL USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 101 BP 1105 EP 1105 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900127 ER PT J AU Jones, TF Kellum, ME Porter, SS Bell, M Schaffner, W AF Jones, TF Kellum, ME Porter, SS Bell, M Schaffner, W TI An outbreak of community-acquired foodborne illness due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. W Tennessee Reg Hlth Dept, Jackson, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 103 BP 1106 EP 1106 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900129 ER PT J AU Lievano, FA Reynolds, MA Waring, AL Ackelsberg, JE Bisgard, KM Sanden, GN Guris, D Golaz, A Bopp, DJ Limberger, RJ Smith, PF AF Lievano, FA Reynolds, MA Waring, AL Ackelsberg, JE Bisgard, KM Sanden, GN Guris, D Golaz, A Bopp, DJ Limberger, RJ Smith, PF TI Issues and recommendations for using the polymerase chain reaction for detecting outbreaks of pertussis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 104 BP 1106 EP 1106 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900130 ER PT J AU Smith, DM Oxman, M Fields, P Fierer, J AF Smith, DM Oxman, M Fields, P Fierer, J TI Bacteremia and pseudo-cellulitis in three normal hosts caused by a spiral, micro-aerophilic bacteria; A new syndrome SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, San Diego, CA 92103 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 148 BP 1113 EP 1113 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900174 ER PT J AU Newland, JG Romero, JR Subbarao, K Safranek, T AF Newland, JG Romero, JR Subbarao, K Safranek, T TI Encephalitis associated with influenza B infections: A case series in children SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. Univ Nebraska, Med Ctr, Omaha, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 159 BP 1115 EP 1115 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900185 ER PT J AU Sohn, AH Bohy, KL Tokars, JI Krebsbach, LE Timmons, T Christie, B Lockett, C Dwivedi, P Safranek, T Pearson, M AF Sohn, AH Bohy, KL Tokars, JI Krebsbach, LE Timmons, T Christie, B Lockett, C Dwivedi, P Safranek, T Pearson, M TI Outbreak of staphylococcal bloodstream infections and endocarditis in a dialysis center with high catheter utilization for vascular access SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Adv Renal Serv, Lincoln, NE USA. Bryanlgh Med Ctr East, Lincoln, NE USA. Lincoln Lancaster Cty Hlth Dept, Lincoln, NE USA. Nebraska Hlth & Human Serv Syst, Lincoln, NE USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 198 BP 1122 EP 1122 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900224 ER PT J AU Perz, JF Craig, AS Bodner, SJ Phillips, WE Schaffner, W AF Perz, JF Craig, AS Bodner, SJ Phillips, WE Schaffner, W TI Nosocomial Pseudomonas putida infections in neonates: Contaminated medication associated with pharmacy systems errors SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Ctr Med, Nashville, TN 37232 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 203 BP 1123 EP 1123 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900229 ER PT J AU Camins, BC Farley, MM Halvosa, S Baughman, W Jernigan, JA Ray, SM Steinberg, JP Blumberg, HM AF Camins, BC Farley, MM Halvosa, S Baughman, W Jernigan, JA Ray, SM Steinberg, JP Blumberg, HM TI Population-based investigation of invasive Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) infections in metropolitan Atlanta SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 211 BP 1124 EP 1124 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900237 ER PT J AU Phillips, MS Cesareo, J Hazel, E Kornblum, J Kornstein, L Layton, M Pearson, M AF Phillips, MS Cesareo, J Hazel, E Kornblum, J Kornstein, L Layton, M Pearson, M TI Alcaligenes xylosoxidans infections at an extended care facility, New York City, 1999-2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, New York, NY USA. Coler Goldwater Mem Hosp, New York, NY USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 215 BP 1125 EP 1125 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900241 ER PT J AU Vernon, MO Trick, WE Peterson, BJ Demarais, P Ohlrich, S Tomaska, W Welbel, SF Weinstein, RA AF Vernon, MO Trick, WE Peterson, BJ Demarais, P Ohlrich, S Tomaska, W Welbel, SF Weinstein, RA TI Sustained increase in hand hygiene (HH) associated with decreased antimicrobial resistance (AR) in a long term care facility (LTCF) SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. CDC, Chicago, IL USA. Oak Forest Hosp, Oak Forest, IL USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 249 BP 1131 EP 1131 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900275 ER PT J AU Lloyd, B Trexler, M Ender, P Vorndam, V Ireton, C Chambers, S AF Lloyd, B Trexler, M Ender, P Vorndam, V Ireton, C Chambers, S TI Infection with Wuchereria bancrofti and dengue virus among military members deployed to Haiti SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ctr Med, Wright Patterson AFB, OH USA. CDC, San Juan, PR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 255 BP 1132 EP 1132 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900281 ER PT J AU Pic-Aluas, L Levine, Z Beaudet, LM Kiminyo, KP Bates, R Bivins, A Visvesvara, GS Martinez, AJ AF Pic-Aluas, L Levine, Z Beaudet, LM Kiminyo, KP Bates, R Bivins, A Visvesvara, GS Martinez, AJ TI A case of amebic brain abscess in a kidney transplant patient SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Washington Hosp Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 266 BP 1134 EP 1134 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900292 ER PT J AU Schuster, FL Glaser, C Gilliam, S Visvesvara, GS AF Schuster, FL Glaser, C Gilliam, S Visvesvara, GS TI An emerging opportunistic infection: Amebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Richmond, CA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 267 BP 1134 EP 1134 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900293 ER PT J AU Burns, JC Turner, CL Tong, G Miller, E Diaz, HF Cayan, DA AF Burns, JC Turner, CL Tong, G Miller, E Diaz, HF Cayan, DA TI Kawasaki disease: A climate connection? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Sch Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. CDC, NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RI Burns, Jane/J-6167-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 280 BP 1136 EP 1136 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900306 ER PT J AU Shulman, ST Tanz, RR Kabat, W Kabat, K Beall, B AF Shulman, ST Tanz, RR Kabat, W Kabat, K Beall, B CA USSPSG TI US nationwide streptococcal pharyngitis serotype surveillance SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Childrens Mem Hosp, Chicago, IL 60614 USA. Northwestern Univ, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 277 BP 1136 EP 1136 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900303 ER PT J AU Chuang, I Lynfield, R Ferrieri, P Elliott, J Schuchat, A AF Chuang, I Lynfield, R Ferrieri, P Elliott, J Schuchat, A TI A new look at late-onset group B streptococcal disease in the era of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emerging Infect Program, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Resp Dis Branch, DBMD, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 293 BP 1138 EP 1138 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900319 ER PT J AU Croft, DR Schroeder, R Proctor, M Davis, JP AF Croft, DR Schroeder, R Proctor, M Davis, JP TI Escherichia coli O157 : H7 outbreak associated with a self-service food bar in an elementary school - Wisconsin, 2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Waukesha Cty Hlth & Human Serv Dept, Waukesha, WI USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Wisconsin Div Publ Hlth, Madison, WI USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 299 BP 1139 EP 1139 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900325 ER PT J AU Siegel, JD Krisher, KK Levine, GL Herchline, TE Botelho, C Jarvis, WR Goldmann, DA AF Siegel, JD Krisher, KK Levine, GL Herchline, TE Botelho, C Jarvis, WR Goldmann, DA CA Pediat Prevention Network TI Prevalence (PREV) of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (AMRB) in pediatric prevention network (PPN) intensive care units (ICUs) SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Childrens Med Ctr, Dallas, TX 75235 USA. NACRI, Alexandria, VA USA. Wright State Univ, Boston, MA USA. Childrens Hosp, Boston, MA 02115 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA USA. NACHRI, CDC, Alexandria, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 311 BP 1141 EP 1141 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900337 ER PT J AU Benin, A O'Brien, K Watt, J Reid, R Zell, ER Katz, S Donaldson, C Parkinson, A Schuchat, A Santosham, M Whitney, CG AF Benin, A O'Brien, K Watt, J Reid, R Zell, ER Katz, S Donaldson, C Parkinson, A Schuchat, A Santosham, M Whitney, CG TI Effectiveness of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine against invasive pneumococcal disease in Navajo adults SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. CDC, DBMD, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 351 BP 1148 EP 1148 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900377 ER PT J AU Fry, A Zell, ER Schuchat, A Butler, J Whitney, CG AF Fry, A Zell, ER Schuchat, A Butler, J Whitney, CG TI Comparing potential benefits of new pneumococcal vaccines with the current 23-valant polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine for the elderly SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, DBMD, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Arct Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 352 BP 1148 EP 1148 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900378 ER PT J AU Hyde, TB Hennessy, TW Moore, MR Gove, J Reasonover, AL Perilla, M Butler, JC Schuchat, A AF Hyde, TB Hennessy, TW Moore, MR Gove, J Reasonover, AL Perilla, M Butler, JC Schuchat, A TI Evaluation of the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on penicillinand trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in Anchorage, Alaska SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Anchorage, AK USA. CDC, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 353 BP 1149 EP 1149 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900379 ER PT J AU Mcellistrem, MC Beall, B Pass, M Gertz, R Elliot, J Whitney, CG Kolano, J Besser, J Boxrud, DJ Harrison, LHH AF Mcellistrem, MC Beall, B Pass, M Gertz, R Elliot, J Whitney, CG Kolano, J Besser, J Boxrud, DJ Harrison, LHH CA Maryland Emerging Infect Program TI Possible capsular switching among pediatric pneumococcal isolates before licensure of the 7-valent pneumococcal protein conjugate vaccine SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 354 BP 1149 EP 1149 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900380 ER PT J AU Harper, S Weintraub, E Chuhran, E Curns, A Imhoff, B Singleton, J Cox, NJ Fukuda, K Bridges, C AF Harper, S Weintraub, E Chuhran, E Curns, A Imhoff, B Singleton, J Cox, NJ Fukuda, K Bridges, C TI Evaluation of the 2000-2001 US influenza vaccine distribution delay SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 360 BP 1150 EP 1150 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900386 ER PT J AU Subbarao, K Chen, HL Fodor, E Mingay, L Brownlee, G Lu, XH Katz, J Cox, NJ Matsuoka, Y AF Subbarao, K Chen, HL Fodor, E Mingay, L Brownlee, G Lu, XH Katz, J Cox, NJ Matsuoka, Y TI Generation of candidate H5N1 and H9N2 influenza vaccines for pandemic preparedness SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Oxford, Oxford, England. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 361 BP 1150 EP 1150 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900387 ER PT J AU Yu, OC Heffelfinger, J Heckbert, SR Psaty, BM Malais, D Jackson, LA AF Yu, OC Heffelfinger, J Heckbert, SR Psaty, BM Malais, D Jackson, LA CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Study Grp TI Association between influenza vaccination and risk of incident myocardial infarction or recurrent cardiac events SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Seattle, WA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 362 BP 1150 EP 1150 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900388 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Cairns, L Mtonga, A Synyinza, E Nyrenda, J Banda, M Guris, D Strebel, P AF Dayan, GH Cairns, L Mtonga, A Synyinza, E Nyrenda, J Banda, M Guris, D Strebel, P TI Impact of a measles vaccination campaign, Zambia, 2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Cent Board Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. Dist Management Team, Lusaka, Zambia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 373 BP 1152 EP 1152 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900399 ER PT J AU Dayan, GH Nguyen, V Cairns, L Mtonga, A Strebel, P AF Dayan, GH Nguyen, V Cairns, L Mtonga, A Strebel, P TI Cost-effectiveness of three different vaccination strategies against measles in Zambian children SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Agence Evaluat Technol Modes Intervent Sante, Quebec City, PQ, Canada. Cent Board Hlth, Lusaka, Zambia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 372 BP 1152 EP 1152 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900398 ER PT J AU Berrios-Torres, SI Raymond, D Yeung, LF Blythe, D Jumaan, AO Ching, P AF Berrios-Torres, SI Raymond, D Yeung, LF Blythe, D Jumaan, AO Ching, P TI Evaluation of Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) vaccine effectiveness in an elementary school outbreak SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Baltimore, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 377 BP 1153 EP 1153 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900403 ER PT J AU Fiore, AE Shapiro, C Sabin, KM Labonte, K Bell, BP Margolis, HS AF Fiore, AE Shapiro, C Sabin, KM Labonte, K Bell, BP Margolis, HS TI Persistence of protective antibody concentrations and response to a booster among children given hepatitis A vaccine during infancy: Effect of maternal antibody status SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Indian Hlth Serv, Rapid City, SC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 378 BP 1153 EP 1153 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900404 ER PT J AU Goldstein, ST Williams, IT Tufa, J Margolis, HS Mahoney, FJ AF Goldstein, ST Williams, IT Tufa, J Margolis, HS Mahoney, FJ TI Long-term protection of infant hepatitis B (HB) vaccination in American Samoa: Evidence against the need for a booster dose of vaccine SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 381 BP 1153 EP 1153 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900407 ER PT J AU Ball, LK Ball, R Kleppinger, C Kohl, K Pratt, RD AF Ball, LK Ball, R Kleppinger, C Kohl, K Pratt, RD TI Reports to the vaccine adverse event reporting system (VAERS) of abscesses after vaccination: Clinical and microbiological features of serious reports SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 390 BP 1155 EP 1155 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900416 ER PT J AU Phillips, MS Weiss, D Mostashari, F Kellachan, J Poshni, I Layton, M AF Phillips, MS Weiss, D Mostashari, F Kellachan, J Poshni, I Layton, M TI Risk factors for West Nile viral meningoencephalitis, Staten Island, 2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. CDC, New York, NY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 394 BP 1156 EP 1156 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900420 ER PT J AU Harris, JAS Erdman, DD Hashemi, S Goldstein, M Anderson, LJ AF Harris, JAS Erdman, DD Hashemi, S Goldstein, M Anderson, LJ TI Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and persistent cough at a university health service SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Boston Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 409 BP 1158 EP 1158 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900435 ER PT J AU Balter, S Walker, F Edwards, KM Szilagyi, P Griffin, M Hall, C Khan, A Weinberg, G Holland, K Shone, L Schwartz, B AF Balter, S Walker, F Edwards, KM Szilagyi, P Griffin, M Hall, C Khan, A Weinberg, G Holland, K Shone, L Schwartz, B CA New Vaccine Surveillance Network TI Epidemiology & etiology of pediatric acute respiratory infections (ARI) requiring hospitalization: A new vaccine surveillance network project SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 415 BP 1159 EP 1159 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900441 ER PT J AU Smith, C Klimov, A Ginocchio, CC Sahdev, I Larussa, P Della-Latta, P Shult, P Subbarao, K AF Smith, C Klimov, A Ginocchio, CC Sahdev, I Larussa, P Della-Latta, P Shult, P Subbarao, K TI Genetic changes in the hemagglutinin gene among influenza viruses shed for prolonged periods by children with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NYU, Sch Med, N Shore Univ Hosp, Lake Success, NY USA. N Shore Univ Hosp, Lake Success, NY USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 416 BP 1159 EP 1159 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900442 ER PT J AU Li, J Parashar, UD Cama, RI Monroe, SS Figueroa, D Gilman, RH Glass, RI AF Li, J Parashar, UD Cama, RI Monroe, SS Figueroa, D Gilman, RH Glass, RI TI Human calicivirus infections among children hospitalized with severe gastroenteritis in Lima, Peru, 1995-1997 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. AB Prisma, Lima, Peru. Childrens Hlth Inst, Lima, Peru. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 422 BP 1160 EP 1160 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900448 ER PT J AU Bower, WA Nakano, T Bialek, SR Li, J Nayak, S Mottram, K Miron, C Paul-Ward, A Nainan, OV Robertson, B Bell, BP AF Bower, WA Nakano, T Bialek, SR Li, J Nayak, S Mottram, K Miron, C Paul-Ward, A Nainan, OV Robertson, B Bell, BP TI Molecular analysis of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection from an outbreak among injection drug users (IDUs) SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tacoma Pierce Cty Hlth Dept, Tacoma, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 426 BP 1161 EP 1161 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900452 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JH Crawford, SA Mcelmeel, ML Whitney, CG AF Jorgensen, JH Crawford, SA Mcelmeel, ML Whitney, CG TI Activity of the investigational des-fluoro(6)-quinolone BMS-284756 against multi-drug-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 453 BP 1166 EP 1166 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900479 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DN Demarais, P Steele, L Trick, WE Weinstein, RA AF Schwartz, DN Demarais, P Steele, L Trick, WE Weinstein, RA TI Beneficial effect of a training intervention based on IDSA and SHEA guidelines for antibiotic (AB) use in long term care (LTC) facilities SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Cook Cty Hosp, Chicago, IL 60612 USA. Oak Forest Hosp, Oak Forest, IL USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 490 BP 1172 EP 1172 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900516 ER PT J AU Hill, HA Haber, MJ Mcgowan, JE Fridkin, SK Edwards, JR Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP AF Hill, HA Haber, MJ Mcgowan, JE Fridkin, SK Edwards, JR Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP CA Project ICARE Hosp TI A link between quinolone use and resistance in P-aeruginosa?: Preliminary data from Project ICARE SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 495 BP 1173 EP 1173 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900521 ER PT J AU Butler, JC Mcdougal, LK Biddle, JW Tenover, FC Lennox, JL AF Butler, JC Mcdougal, LK Biddle, JW Tenover, FC Lennox, JL TI Emergence of macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and treatment failure during erythromycin therapy SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Anchorage, AK USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 514 BP 1176 EP 1176 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900540 ER PT J AU Hyde, TB Gay, K Stephens, DS Vugia, DJ Pass, M Johnson, S Barrett, NL Schaffner, W Cieslak, P Maupin, P Zell, ER Jorgensen, JH Facklam, R Whitney, CG AF Hyde, TB Gay, K Stephens, DS Vugia, DJ Pass, M Johnson, S Barrett, NL Schaffner, W Cieslak, P Maupin, P Zell, ER Jorgensen, JH Facklam, R Whitney, CG TI Macrolide resistance among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. CA Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Hartford, CT USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN USA. Oregon Dept Human Serv, Portland, OR USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RI Stephens, David/A-8788-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 513 BP 1176 EP 1176 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900539 ER PT J AU Jorgensen, JH Crawford, SA McElmeel, ML Tenover, FC Weigel, LA Whitney, CG AF Jorgensen, JH Crawford, SA McElmeel, ML Tenover, FC Weigel, LA Whitney, CG TI Emerging fluoroquinolone resistance among recent US surveillance isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 518 BP 1177 EP 1177 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900544 ER PT J AU Martin, MT Wright, C Farley, MM Hadler, J Harrison, L Lexau, C Reingold, A Cieslak, PR Bennett, NM Craig, A Jorgensen, JH Whitney, CG AF Martin, MT Wright, C Farley, MM Hadler, J Harrison, L Lexau, C Reingold, A Cieslak, PR Bennett, NM Craig, A Jorgensen, JH Whitney, CG TI Role of antimicrobial resistance in patients with persistently positive Streptococcus pneumonia cultures SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. MD Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 519 BP 1177 EP 1177 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900545 ER PT J AU Jevitt, LA Smith, AJ Williams, PP Fridkin, SK McGowan, JE Gaynes, RP Tenover, FC AF Jevitt, LA Smith, AJ Williams, PP Fridkin, SK McGowan, JE Gaynes, RP Tenover, FC TI In vitro activities of daptomycin, linezolid, and quinupristin-dalfopristin (Q/D) against a challenge panel of staphylococci and enterococci, including vancomycin-intermediate S-aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant E-faecium (VREF) SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 534 BP 1179 EP 1179 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900560 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Rossiter, S McClellan, J Stamey, K Barrett, T Angulo, FJ AF Gupta, A Rossiter, S McClellan, J Stamey, K Barrett, T Angulo, FJ CA NARMS Working Grp TI Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni infections in the United States, 1997-2000: NARMS data and regulatory action SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 552 BP 1182 EP 1182 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900578 ER PT J AU Gupta, A Crowe, C Bolstorff, B Fontana, J Stout, A Montgomery, S McGuill, M Matayas, B Johnson, B Schoenfeld, S Angulo, FJ AF Gupta, A Crowe, C Bolstorff, B Fontana, J Stout, A Montgomery, S McGuill, M Matayas, B Johnson, B Schoenfeld, S Angulo, FJ TI Multistate investigation of multidrug-resitant Salmonella serotype Newport infections in the northeastern US, 2000: Human infections associated with dairy farms SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 551 BP 1182 EP 1182 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900577 ER PT J AU Sivapalasingam, S McClellan, J Joyce, K Reddy, V Agasan, A Goldbaum, RA Leano, FT Fiorentino, T Barrett, TJ Angulo, FJ Mintz, ED AF Sivapalasingam, S McClellan, J Joyce, K Reddy, V Agasan, A Goldbaum, RA Leano, FT Fiorentino, T Barrett, TJ Angulo, FJ Mintz, ED CA NARMS Working Grp TI Increasing antimicrobial resistance among Shigella isolates in the United States, 1999-2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Jamaica Plain, MA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Connecticut Hlth Dept, Hartford, CT USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 550 BP 1182 EP 1182 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900576 ER PT J AU Panackal, AA Dahlman, A Keil, K Peterson, C Phelan, M Lasker, B Warnock, DW Hajjeh, RA Morgan, J AF Panackal, AA Dahlman, A Keil, K Peterson, C Phelan, M Lasker, B Warnock, DW Hajjeh, RA Morgan, J TI Outbreak of invasive aspergillosis among renal transplant recipients: Possible association with sirolimus combined with mycophenolate SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 616 BP 1193 EP 1193 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900642 ER PT J AU Morgan, J Sofair, A Meltzer, MI Plikaytis, BD Huie, S Wilcox, S Hajjeh, R Teutsch, S AF Morgan, J Sofair, A Meltzer, MI Plikaytis, BD Huie, S Wilcox, S Hajjeh, R Teutsch, S TI Impact of candidemia on mortality, length of hospitalization, and cost of illness SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. CDC, Decatur, GA USA. CHIME, Hartford, CT USA. Merck & Co Inc, W Point, PA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 621 BP 1194 EP 1194 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900647 ER PT J AU Hajjeh, RA Sofair, A Harrison, L Lyon, GM Brandt, ME Arthington-Skaggs, BA Morgan, J Mirza, S Phelan, M Thomson-Sanza, L Huie, S Yeo, L Pass, M Warnock, DW AF Hajjeh, RA Sofair, A Harrison, L Lyon, GM Brandt, ME Arthington-Skaggs, BA Morgan, J Mirza, S Phelan, M Thomson-Sanza, L Huie, S Yeo, L Pass, M Warnock, DW TI Fluconazole resistance among Candida bloodstream isolates: Incidence and correlation with outcome from a population-based study SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CT Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. MD Emerging Infect Program, Baltimore, MD USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Boston, MA 02114 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 641 BP 1197 EP 1197 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900667 ER PT J AU Beltrami, EM Strausbaugh, LJ Jernigan, DB Liedtke, LA Cardo, DM AF Beltrami, EM Strausbaugh, LJ Jernigan, DB Liedtke, LA Cardo, DM TI Toxicity associated with HIV postexposure prophylaxis: The experience of infectious disease consultants SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. VA Med Ctr, Portland, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 719 BP 1211 EP 1211 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900745 ER PT J AU Martin, RM Lo, T AF Martin, RM Lo, T TI The geographic distribution of HIV prevalence among military applicants, 1989 through 1998 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 720 BP 1211 EP 1211 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900746 ER PT J AU Secura, GM Kelley, KF Hoffman, N Behel, SK Sabin, KM AF Secura, GM Kelley, KF Hoffman, N Behel, SK Sabin, KM TI HIV testing behavior among young minority women receiving health care in the Bronx SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 721 BP 1211 EP 1211 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900747 ER PT J AU Bronzan, R Sharman, A Baganizi, E Maclachlan, E Niambele, I Ryan, C AF Bronzan, R Sharman, A Baganizi, E Maclachlan, E Niambele, I Ryan, C TI A pilot study demonstrating the feasibility and acceptability of integrating HIV testing into a routine population-based demographic and health survey in Mali, West Africa, December 2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. ORC Macro, MEASURE DHS, Calverton, MD USA. Minist Hlth, Bamako, Mali. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 732 BP 1213 EP 1213 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900758 ER PT J AU Corales, RB Mukherji, A Isada, CM Chelune, G Alvardo-Remy, F Gordon, SM AF Corales, RB Mukherji, A Isada, CM Chelune, G Alvardo-Remy, F Gordon, SM TI Psychological testing in naive HIV-infected patients prior to initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy: Risk factors for adherence? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Community Hlth Network, Rochester, NY USA. Cleveland Clin Fdn, Cleveland, OH 44195 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 734 BP 1213 EP 1213 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900760 ER PT J AU O'Daniels, C Del Rio, C Osterholt, D Manangan, L Jarvis, WR Rimland, D Blumberg, HL AF O'Daniels, C Del Rio, C Osterholt, D Manangan, L Jarvis, WR Rimland, D Blumberg, HL TI Risk factors for bloodstream infections among HIV-infected outpatients with long term venous access devices SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Grady Hlth Syst, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 747 BP 1215 EP 1215 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900773 ER PT J AU McNaghten, AD Hanson, DL Nakashima, AK Swerdlow, DL AF McNaghten, AD Hanson, DL Nakashima, AK Swerdlow, DL TI Incidence of AIDS-defining opportunistic illnesses in the US may be leveling from 1998 to 1999 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 751 BP 1216 EP 1216 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900777 ER PT J AU Talbot, TR Comer, A Bloch, K AF Talbot, TR Comer, A Bloch, K TI Seroepidemiology of Ehrlichia chaffeensis infections in HIV infected patients residing in an endemic area SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 770 BP 1219 EP 1219 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900796 ER PT J AU Wilson, TE Royce, R Lampe, M Ickovics, J Fernandez, MI Koenig, L AF Wilson, TE Royce, R Lampe, M Ickovics, J Fernandez, MI Koenig, L TI Lack of adequate prenatal care is related to poor implementation of zidovudine prophylaxis to prevent perinatal HIV transmission SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 SUNY Downstate Med Ctr, Brooklyn, NY USA. Res Triangle Inst, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RI Royce, Rachel/A-7964-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 791 BP 1223 EP 1223 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900817 ER PT J AU Mundy, TM Lindegren, ML Peters, V Thomas, P Brooks, A AF Mundy, TM Lindegren, ML Peters, V Thomas, P Brooks, A TI Evaluation of adherence to published Public Health Service guidelines regarding Mycobacterium avium/intracellulare prophylaxis in children SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 795 BP 1224 EP 1224 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900821 ER PT J AU Stevenson, K Samore, M Antonow, J Barbera, J Hannah, T Murphy, C Gerberding, J Houck, P AF Stevenson, K Samore, M Antonow, J Barbera, J Hannah, T Murphy, C Gerberding, J Houck, P TI Information systems in rural hospitals: Availability and potential impact on pharmacy, microbiology, and infection control practices SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 PRO W, Boise, ID USA. Univ Utah, Sch Med, Salt Lake City, UT USA. Hlth Insight, Salt Lake City, UT USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Care Financing Admin, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 797 BP 1224 EP 1224 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900823 ER PT J AU Bryant, KA Levine, GL Javis, WR Siegel, JD Stover, BH AF Bryant, KA Levine, GL Javis, WR Siegel, JD Stover, BH TI Improving influenza immunization rates at pediatric prevention network hospitals SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 USA. Natl Assoc Childrens Hosp & Related Inst, Alexandria, VA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Texas, SW Med Ctr, Dallas, TX USA. Kosair Childrens Hosp, Louisville, KY USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 820 BP 1228 EP 1228 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900846 ER PT J AU Grohskopf, LA Pugliese, G Cox, J Jarvis, WR AF Grohskopf, LA Pugliese, G Cox, J Jarvis, WR TI Trends in implementation of tuberculosis control measures in US hospitals SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Premier Inc, Safety Inst, Chicago, IL USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 832 BP 1230 EP 1230 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900858 ER PT J AU Mirza, S Strausbaugh, L Morgan, J Jernigan, D Liedtke, L Warnock, DW Hajjeh, RA AF Mirza, S Strausbaugh, L Morgan, J Jernigan, D Liedtke, L Warnock, DW Hajjeh, RA CA Emerging Infect Network TI Antifungal susceptibility testing practices for Candida spp. infections: Results of a survey of infectious diseases (ID) consultants SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. IDSA Emerging Infect Network, Portland, OR USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 834 BP 1231 EP 1231 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900860 ER PT J AU Ashford, DA Imhott, BC Angulo, FJ AF Ashford, DA Imhott, BC Angulo, FJ CA Foodnet Working Grp TI Over a half-million persons may have Crohn's disease in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 843 BP 1232 EP 1232 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900869 ER PT J AU Watt, J Van Beneden, CA Willis, MD Hoekstra, RM Zell, ER AF Watt, J Van Beneden, CA Willis, MD Hoekstra, RM Zell, ER CA ABCS Team TI Analysis of surveillance data for invasive group A streptococcal infections: A model to evaluate local disease incidence SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 844 BP 1232 EP 1232 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900870 ER PT J AU Wolfe, MI Ycon, SS Nolte, K AF Wolfe, MI Ycon, SS Nolte, K TI Utility of a computerized text search tool for infectious disease mortality surveillance: Development and implementation in a medical examiner database SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 840 BP 1232 EP 1232 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900866 ER PT J AU Sobel, J Gomes, TA Hoekstra, M Ivey, C Griffin, PM AF Sobel, J Gomes, TA Hoekstra, M Ivey, C Griffin, PM TI Risk factors for acute diarrheal disease in Brazilian children age 12-59 months SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Escola Paulista Med, BR-04023 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Gomes, Tania/H-3950-2012 OI Gomes, Tania/0000-0002-4525-8705 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 850 BP 1233 EP 1233 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900876 ER PT J AU Beatty, ME Cowen, K Hoffman, E Long, T Parrish, M Genevie, R Smith, F Henderson, A Olsen, SJ AF Beatty, ME Cowen, K Hoffman, E Long, T Parrish, M Genevie, R Smith, F Henderson, A Olsen, SJ TI Restaurant-associated outbreak of acute gastroenteritis possibly due to methomyl poisoning: Low-level pesticide poisoning mimicking an infectious disease? SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 851 BP 1234 EP 1234 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900877 ER PT J AU Brooks, JT Sowers, EG Wells, JG Greene, KD Griffin, PM Strockbine, NS AF Brooks, JT Sowers, EG Wells, JG Greene, KD Griffin, PM Strockbine, NS TI Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli reported to CDC, 1983-2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 856 BP 1234 EP 1234 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900882 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Sulka, A Langer, A Schaben, C Olsen, SJ Gage, R Chernak, E Crielly, A Baysinger, CM Johnston-Entsuah, A Laverdure, K Schmeck, K Herbert, G Smith, K Moll, M Rankin, J Berman, R Withers, G Reynolds, S Toney, D Carroll, J Hunter, S Van Duyne, S Greene, KD Bopp, C Hoekstra, R Van Gilder, T AF Crump, JA Sulka, A Langer, A Schaben, C Olsen, SJ Gage, R Chernak, E Crielly, A Baysinger, CM Johnston-Entsuah, A Laverdure, K Schmeck, K Herbert, G Smith, K Moll, M Rankin, J Berman, R Withers, G Reynolds, S Toney, D Carroll, J Hunter, S Van Duyne, S Greene, KD Bopp, C Hoekstra, R Van Gilder, T TI Outbreak of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections associated with farm visits, Pennsylvania, September-November 2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Montgomery Cty Hlth Dept, Norristown, PA USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Bur Lab, Lionville, PA USA. Virginia Div Consolidated Lab, Richmond, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 855 BP 1234 EP 1234 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900881 ER PT J AU Rangel, JM Sparling, PH Ying, M Griffin, PM Swerdlow, DL AF Rangel, JM Sparling, PH Ying, M Griffin, PM Swerdlow, DL TI Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infections in the 20th century, United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. USDA, Food Safety & Inspect Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 857 BP 1235 EP 1235 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900883 ER PT J AU Vugia, DJ Samuel, M Farley, MM Marcus, R Shiferaw, B Shallow, S Smith, K Angulo, FJ AF Vugia, DJ Samuel, M Farley, MM Marcus, R Shiferaw, B Shallow, S Smith, K Angulo, FJ TI Invasive Salmonella infections in the United States, FoodNet 1996-1999 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Calif Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Berkeley, CA USA. CA Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Georgia Emerging Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Oregon Hlth Div, Portland, OR USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 861 BP 1235 EP 1235 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900887 ER PT J AU MacDonald, PD Whitwam, RE Boggs, JD Reardon, JW Saah, RR Beatty, M Sobel, J Graves, LM Hunter, SB MacCormack, JN AF MacDonald, PD Whitwam, RE Boggs, JD Reardon, JW Saah, RR Beatty, M Sobel, J Graves, LM Hunter, SB MacCormack, JN TI Outbreak of listeria-associated birth complications linked with homemade Mexican-style cheese, North Carolina, 2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Gen Communicable Dis Control Branch, Raleigh, NC USA. CDC, Raleigh, NC USA. Forsyth Cty Hlth Dept, Winston Salem, NC USA. NC Dept Agr & Consumer Serv, Raleigh, NC USA. CDC, NCID, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 868 BP 1236 EP 1236 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900894 ER PT J AU Morgan, DJ Sobel, J Tauxe, RV AF Morgan, DJ Sobel, J Tauxe, RV TI Changing serotypes and transmission vehicles in Yersinia entercolitica outbreaks in the United States, 1972-2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 864 BP 1236 EP 1236 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900890 ER PT J AU Beatty, ME Sivapalasingam, S Jack, T Yao, S Paul, I Milne, T Greene, KD Bopp, C Hoekstra, R Mintz, ED Brooks, JT AF Beatty, ME Sivapalasingam, S Jack, T Yao, S Paul, I Milne, T Greene, KD Bopp, C Hoekstra, R Mintz, ED Brooks, JT TI When good water goes bad: An outbreak of cholera on Ebeye Island, Republic of the Marshall Islands, December 2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ebeye Hosp, Ebeye Isl, Marshall Isl, Micronesia. Minist Hlth, Ebeye Island, Marshall Island, Micronesia. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 870 BP 1237 EP 1237 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900896 ER PT J AU Gardella, C Marfin, A Kahn, R Swint, E Markowitz, L AF Gardella, C Marfin, A Kahn, R Swint, E Markowitz, L TI Persons with early syphilis identified through blood or plasma donation screening in the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 873 BP 1237 EP 1237 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900899 ER PT J AU Olsen, SJ Evans, MC Hunter, S Reddy, V Kornstein, L Mackenzie, WR Lane, K Bidol, SA Stoltman, G Frye, DM Lee, I Hurd, S Gerber, D Jones, TF Laporte, TN Dewitt, W Graves, LM Wiedmann, M Schoonmaker-Bopp, DJ Huang, AJ Vincent, C Bugenhagen, A Corby, J Carloni, ER Holcomb, M Woron, R Zansky, SM Dowdle, G Smith, F Ahrabi-Fard, S Ong, AR Tucker, N Hynes, NA Mead, P AF Olsen, SJ Evans, MC Hunter, S Reddy, V Kornstein, L Mackenzie, WR Lane, K Bidol, SA Stoltman, G Frye, DM Lee, I Hurd, S Gerber, D Jones, TF Laporte, TN Dewitt, W Graves, LM Wiedmann, M Schoonmaker-Bopp, DJ Huang, AJ Vincent, C Bugenhagen, A Corby, J Carloni, ER Holcomb, M Woron, R Zansky, SM Dowdle, G Smith, F Ahrabi-Fard, S Ong, AR Tucker, N Hynes, NA Mead, P TI Multistate outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes infections linked to deli turkey meat SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. New York City Dept Hlth, New York, NY 10013 USA. Georgia Dept Human Resources, Atlanta, GA USA. Michigan Dept Community Hlth, Lansing, MI USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, Hartford, CT USA. Tennessee Dept Hlth, Nashville, TN USA. Massachusetts Dept Publ Hlth, Boston, MA USA. CDC, NCID, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY USA. Westchester Cty Dept Hlth, New Rochelle, NY USA. New York State Dept Agr & Markets, Albany, NY USA. Utah Dept Hlth, Salt Lake City, UT 84116 USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Madison, WI USA. USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RI Wiedmann, Martin/A-9683-2008; Mac Kenzie, William /F-1528-2013 OI Wiedmann, Martin/0000-0002-4168-5662; Mac Kenzie, William /0000-0001-7723-0339 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 869 BP 1237 EP 1237 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900895 ER PT J AU Moore, MR Gamble, ML Zell, ER Whitney, CG AF Moore, MR Gamble, ML Zell, ER Whitney, CG CA Active Bacterial Surveillance Emer TI Deaths due to invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae, United States, 1996-1998 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 875 BP 1238 EP 1238 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900901 ER PT J AU Castor, ML Wagstrom, LA Danila, RN Smith, KE Naimi, TS Besser, JM Peacock, KA Juni, BA Hunt, JM Bartkus, JM Lynfield, R AF Castor, ML Wagstrom, LA Danila, RN Smith, KE Naimi, TS Besser, JM Peacock, KA Juni, BA Hunt, JM Bartkus, JM Lynfield, R TI An outbreak of Pontiac fever with respiratory distress in workers performing high-pressure cleaning SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, CDC, Minneapolis, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 884 BP 1239 EP 1239 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900910 ER PT J AU Hennessy, TW Singleton, R Bulkow, L Lucher, L Klejka, J Peters, H Parks, D Parkinson, A Butler, JC AF Hennessy, TW Singleton, R Bulkow, L Lucher, L Klejka, J Peters, H Parks, D Parkinson, A Butler, JC TI Persistent Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) carriage among children and adults in rural Alaska native villages with high invasive disease rates SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Native Tribal Hlth Consortium, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Publ Hlth Lab, Anchorage, AK USA. Yukon Kuskokwim Hlth Corp, Bethel, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 885 BP 1239 EP 1239 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900911 ER PT J AU Hennessy, TW Petersen, K Bruden, DA Butler, JC Hurlburt, D Reasonover, AL Bulkow, L Getty, M Parkinson, A Schwartz, B AF Hennessy, TW Petersen, K Bruden, DA Butler, JC Hurlburt, D Reasonover, AL Bulkow, L Getty, M Parkinson, A Schwartz, B TI Does education about judicious antibiotic use or a higher dose of amoxicillin affect penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae (PNSP) carriage? Alaska, 1998-2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Anchorage, AK USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 881 BP 1239 EP 1239 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900907 ER PT J AU Datta, SD Traeger, MS Nainan, OV Fiore, AE Chai, F Weyman, C Hadley, D Carasali, N Mulla, ZD Windham, D Roush, S Hammond, R Weirsma, S Bell, BP AF Datta, SD Traeger, MS Nainan, OV Fiore, AE Chai, F Weyman, C Hadley, D Carasali, N Mulla, ZD Windham, D Roush, S Hammond, R Weirsma, S Bell, BP TI Identification of a multi-state hepatitis A outbreak associated with green onions using a novel molecular epidemiologic technique SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Lake Cumberland Dist Hlth Dept, Somerset, KY USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Russell Cty Hlth Dept, Jamestown, KY USA. Florida Dept Hlth & Rehabil Serv, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 896 BP 1241 EP 1241 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900922 ER PT J AU Uzicanin, A Kakarriqi, E Murthi, M Bino, S Strebel, P AF Uzicanin, A Kakarriqi, E Murthi, M Bino, S Strebel, P TI Changing epidemiogy of measles in Albania, 1954-2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Publ Hlth, Tirana, Albania. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 893 BP 1241 EP 1241 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900919 ER PT J AU Feldman, KA Gage, K Maupin, G Riddle, D Klouse, P Schriefer, M Bell, RL Hayes, EB AF Feldman, KA Gage, K Maupin, G Riddle, D Klouse, P Schriefer, M Bell, RL Hayes, EB TI Tick-borne relapsing fever in Clark County, Nevada, October 2000 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Ft Collins, CO USA. Clark Cty Hlth Dist, Las Vegas, NV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 911 BP 1244 EP 1244 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900937 ER PT J AU Khetsuriani, N Holman, RC Anderson, LJ AF Khetsuriani, N Holman, RC Anderson, LJ TI Trends in encephalitis-associated mortality - United States, 1979-1997 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 912 BP 1244 EP 1244 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900938 ER PT J AU Panackal, AA Phelan, M Hajjeh, RA AF Panackal, AA Phelan, M Hajjeh, RA TI Epidemiology of dermatophyte infections in the US with a focus on tinea capitis: Analysis of NAMCS/NHAMCS database - 1993 to 1999 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 913 BP 1244 EP 1244 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900939 ER PT J AU Absalon, J Leone, PA Sena, AC Hale, LM Fox, KK AF Absalon, J Leone, PA Sena, AC Hale, LM Fox, KK TI Yield of Gram-stained urethral smears in asymptomatic men attending North Carolina sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY USA. Univ N Carolina, Winston Salem, NC USA. Forsyth Cty Dept Publ Hlth, Winston Salem, NC USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 930 BP 1247 EP 1247 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900956 ER PT J AU Fox, KK Swint, E AF Fox, KK Swint, E TI Syphilis in the Appalachian region of the United States SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 932 BP 1247 EP 1247 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900958 ER PT J AU Paz-Bailey, G Markowitz, L Teran, S Levine, W AF Paz-Bailey, G Markowitz, L Teran, S Levine, W TI Outbreak of syphilis among Hispanics in Decatur, Alabama - 1999 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 931 BP 1247 EP 1247 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900957 ER PT J AU Reller, NE Olsen, SJ Kressel, AB Moon, TD Kubota, KA Adcock, MP Nowicki, S Mintz, ED AF Reller, NE Olsen, SJ Kressel, AB Moon, TD Kubota, KA Adcock, MP Nowicki, S Mintz, ED TI Water, food, and now sex: A multistate outbreak of typhoid fever transmitted through sex SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221 USA. Cincinnati Hlth Dept, Cincinnati, OH USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 7 MA 936 BP 1248 EP 1248 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 476KU UT WOS:000171226900962 ER PT J AU Rex, JH Pfaller, MA Walsh, TJ Chaturvedi, V Espinel-Ingroff, A Ghannoum, MA Gosey, LL Odds, FC Rinaldi, MG Sheehan, DJ Warnock, DW AF Rex, JH Pfaller, MA Walsh, TJ Chaturvedi, V Espinel-Ingroff, A Ghannoum, MA Gosey, LL Odds, FC Rinaldi, MG Sheehan, DJ Warnock, DW TI Antifungal susceptibility testing: Practical aspects and current challenges SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID IN-VITRO SUSCEPTIBILITY; AMPHOTERICIN-B SUSCEPTIBILITY; BROTH MICRODILUTION METHODS; FLUCONAZOLE-RESISTANT CANDIDA; LABORATORY STANDARDS METHOD; MEDIATED GROWTH-INHIBITION; VIRUS-INFECTED PATIENTS; TIME-KILL METHODS; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; ASPERGILLUS-FUMIGATUS C1 Univ Texas, Sch Med, Ctr Study Emerging & Reemerging Pathogens, Dept Internal Med,Div Infect Dis, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Univ Iowa, Coll Med, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NCI, Pediat Branch, Infect Dis Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. New York State Dept Hlth, Albany, NY 12201 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Dermatol, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. US FDA, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Inst Med Sci, Aberdeen, Scotland. Vet Adm Med Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78284 USA. Pfizer Inc, Pfizer Pharmaceut Grp, New York, NY 10017 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Rex, JH (reprint author), 6431 Fannin,1728 JFB, Houston, TX 77030 USA. NR 218 TC 260 Z9 284 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 14 IS 4 BP 643 EP 658 DI 10.1128/CMR.14.4.643-658.2001 PG 16 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 482KP UT WOS:000171575600001 PM 11585779 ER PT J AU Herwaldt, BL AF Herwaldt, BL TI Laboratory-acquired parasitic infections from accidental exposures SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; HUMAN CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS; TRYPANOSOMA-CRUZI; SARCOCYSTIS-NEURONA; LEISHMANIA-DONOVANI; VETERINARY STUDENTS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; IMMUNOGLOBULIN-M; CHAGAS-DISEASE; OUTBREAK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Herwaldt, BL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop F-22, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM bxh4@cdc.gov NR 168 TC 80 Z9 86 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 EI 1098-6618 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 14 IS 4 BP 659 EP 688 DI 10.1128/CMR.14.3.659-688.2001 PG 30 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 482KP UT WOS:000171575600002 PM 11585780 ER PT J AU Butler, WR Guthertz, LS AF Butler, WR Guthertz, LS TI Mycolic acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography for identification of Mycobacterium species SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID INTERNATIONAL WORKING GROUP; CHELONAE-LIKE ORGANISM; CHAIN FATTY-ACIDS; SP-NOV; PATTERN-RECOGNITION; PHENACYL ESTERS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; HOMOLOGOUS SERIES; CARBOXYLIC-ACIDS C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS, STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Microbial Dis Lab, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Butler, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS, STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, M-S F08,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 111 TC 138 Z9 149 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 14 IS 4 BP 704 EP 726 DI 10.1128/CMR.14.4.704-726.2001 PG 23 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 482KP UT WOS:000171575600004 PM 11585782 ER PT J AU Lawn, SD Butera, ST Folks, TM AF Lawn, SD Butera, ST Folks, TM TI Contribution of immune activation to the pathogenesis and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection SO CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS LA English DT Review ID TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; LONG TERMINAL REPEAT; T-CELL ACTIVATION; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; NF-KAPPA-B; PERINATAL HIV-1 TRANSMISSION; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retovirol Branch, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, TB Mycobacteriol Branch, Div AIDS,STD & TB Lab Res, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lawn, SD (reprint author), Univ London St Georges Hosp, Sch Med, Div Infect Dis, London SW17 0RE, England. NR 377 TC 169 Z9 183 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0893-8512 J9 CLIN MICROBIOL REV JI Clin. Microbiol. Rev. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 14 IS 4 BP 753 EP 777 DI 10.1128/CMR.14.4.753-777.2001 PG 25 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 482KP UT WOS:000171575600006 PM 11585784 ER PT J AU O'Leary, A Peersman, G AF O'Leary, A Peersman, G TI Preventing HIV in developing countries: Biomedical and behavioral approaches SO CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY-APA REVIEW OF BOOKS LA English DT Book Review C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, MS E-37,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0010-7549 J9 CONTEMP PSYCHOL JI Comtemp. Psychol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 46 IS 5 BP 522 EP 524 PG 3 WC Psychology, Multidisciplinary SC Psychology GA 482KJ UT WOS:000171575100041 ER PT J AU Fleming, BB Greenfield, S Engelgau, MM Pogach, LM Clauser, SB Parrott, MA AF Fleming, BB Greenfield, S Engelgau, MM Pogach, LM Clauser, SB Parrott, MA CA DQIP Grp TI The Diabetes Quality Improvement Project - Moving science into health policy to gain an edge on the diabetes epidemic SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Review ID MICROVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS; MELLITUS; DISEASE; CARE; CHOLESTEROL; BENEFITS C1 Amer Diabet Assoc, Alexandria, VA USA. VA New Jersey Hlth Care Syst, Med Serv, E Orange, NJ USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Tufts Univ New England Med Ctr, Primary Care Outcomes Res Inst, Boston, MA USA. US Hlth Care Financing Adm, Baltimore, MD 21207 USA. RP Fleming, BB (reprint author), CMS, 7500 Secur Blvd,S3-02-01, Baltimore, MD 21244 USA. NR 29 TC 173 Z9 175 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD OCT PY 2001 VL 24 IS 10 BP 1815 EP 1820 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.10.1815 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 478AW UT WOS:000171321600020 PM 11574448 ER PT J AU Rubin, C McGeehin, MA Holmes, AK Backer, L Burreson, G Earley, MC Griffith, D Levine, R Litaker, W Mei, J Naeher, L Needham, L Noga, E Poli, M Rogers, HS AF Rubin, C McGeehin, MA Holmes, AK Backer, L Burreson, G Earley, MC Griffith, D Levine, R Litaker, W Mei, J Naeher, L Needham, L Noga, E Poli, M Rogers, HS TI Emerging areas of research reported during the CDC National Conference on Pfiesteria: From biology to public health SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Editorial Material DE environmental health; estuarine ecology; harmful algae; Pfiesteria ID ESTUARY-ASSOCIATED SYNDROME; TOXIC PFIESTERIA; NORTH-CAROLINA; FISH BIOASSAY; SKIN ULCERS; PISCICIDA; DINOFLAGELLATE; EXPOSURE; COMPLEX; IDENTIFICATION AB Since its identification in 1996, the marine dinoflagellate Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder has been the focus of intense scientific inquiry in disciplines ranging from estuarine ecology to epidemiology and from molecular biology to public health. Despite these research efforts, the extent of human exposure and the degree of human illness directly associated with Pfiesteria is still in the process of being defined. Unfortunately, during this same time Pfiesteria has also stimulated media coverage that in some instances jumped ahead of the science to conclude that Pfiesteria presents a widespread threat to human health. Political and economic forces also came into play when the tourism and seafood industries were adversely impacted by rumors of toxin-laden water in estuaries along the east coast of the United States. Amid this climate of evolving science and public concern, Pfiesteria has emerged as a highly controversial public health issue. In October 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsored the National Conference on Pfiesteria: From Biology to Public Health to bring together Pfiesteria researchers from many disparate disciplines. The goal of this meeting was to describe the state of the science and identify directions for future research. In preparation for the conference an expert peer-review panel was commissioned to review the existing literature and identify research gaps; the summary of their review is published in this monograph. During the meeting primary Pfiesteria researchers presented previously unpublished results. The majority of those presentations are included as peer-reviewed articles in this monograph. The discussion portion of the conference focused upon researcher-identified research gaps. This article details the discussion segments of the conference and makes reference to the presentations as it describes emerging areas of Pfiesteria research. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Serv, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal & Marine Resources, Greenville, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Program Mol Biol & Biotechnol, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. RP Rubin, C (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM crubin@cdc.gov RI Needham, Larry/E-4930-2011 NR 42 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 EI 1552-9924 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 109 SU 5 BP 633 EP 637 DI 10.2307/3454909 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 487UN UT WOS:000171894300001 ER PT J AU Rogers, HS Backer, L AF Rogers, HS Backer, L TI Fish bioassay and toxin induction experiments for research on Pfiesteria piscicida and other toxic dinoflagellates: Workshop summary SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CDC National Conference on Pfiesteria: From Biology to Public Health CY OCT 18-20, 2000 CL STONE MT, GEORGIA DE fish bioassays; laboratory aquariums; Pfiesteria piscicida; toxin-induction assays ID AMBUSH-PREDATOR DINOFLAGELLATE; PHANTOM DINOFLAGELLATE; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; PHYTOPLANKTON; MENHADEN; SURVIVAL; BEHAVIOR; KILLS AB In late January 2000, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention sponsored a workshop to discuss standardizing the laboratory materials and methods used for in vivo fish bioassays and-toxin induction experiments. Representatives from six laboratories using these assays to conduct research on Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder, similar organisms (i.e., members of the toxic Pfiesteria complex) or their toxins were invited to attend. The workshop objectives were a) to discuss the need for uniform quality assurance for fish bioassays and toxin induction, b) to encourage publishing the relevant materials and methods in the literature, c) to foster communication among the laboratories conducting this work, and d) to respond to requests from state health and environmental protection agencies for guidance in interpreting the results from-fish bioassays conducted in different laboratories. To facilitate discussion at the workshop, researchers conducting Pfiesteria research completed a de tailed questionnaire in advance about fish bioassays and toxin production assays. Workshop participants discussed experimental factors that might influence the reproducibility or interpretation of fish bioassays and toxin-induction experiments. The experimental factors were categorized into physical, chemical, and biological parameters. In addition, participants ranked experimental factors by their relative importance in conducting these assays as a) factors that are critically important and should be maintained within a recommended range, b) factors that are important in conducting the assays but that may be variable among laboratories or within experiments and whose values should be recorded and reported by investigators, and c) factors of unknown importance that should be considered important research questions. This article summarizes results obtained from the questionnaire and workshop discussions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Rogers, HS (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 109 SU 5 BP 769 EP 774 DI 10.2307/3454925 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 487UN UT WOS:000171894300017 PM 11677187 ER PT J AU Backer, LC Niskar, AS Rubin, C Blindauer, K Christianson, D Naeher, L Rogers, HS AF Backer, LC Niskar, AS Rubin, C Blindauer, K Christianson, D Naeher, L Rogers, HS TI Environmental public health surveillance: Possible estuary-associated syndrome SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT CDC National Conference on Pfiesteria: From Biology to Public Health CY OCT 18-20, 2000 CL STONE MT, GEORGIA DE CDC; Centers for Control and Prevention; environmental public health; epidemiology; estuary; human health; PEAS; Pfiesteria piscicida; possible estuary-associated syndrome; surveillance ID PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA; DINOFLAGELLATE; ASSAY AB Public health surveillance involves the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data for use in public health practice. A surveillance system includes the capacity to collect and analyze data as well as the ability to disseminate the data to public health agencies that can undertake effective prevention and control activities. An emerging issue in environmental public health surveillance involves human exposure to the toxins produced by microorganisms present in oceans and estuaries. One of these organisms is Pfiesteria piscicida Steidinger & Burkholder, a dinoflagellate found in estuaries along the Atlantic and gulf coasts of the United States. There have been reports of both human illness associated with occupational exposures to concentrated laboratory cultures of P. piscicida and massive fill kills associated with the presence of the organism in rivers and estuaries. These reports, and anecdotal reports from people who worked on rivers where the organism has been found, generated concern that environmental exposures to P. piscicida, similar organisms, or perhaps a toxin or toxins produced by the organism(s), could cause adverse human health effects. To begin to evaluate the public health burden associated with P. piscicida, investigators from the National Center for Environmental Health at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and health agencies from states along the Atlantic coast collaborated to develop a passive surveillance system for collecting, classifying, and tracking public inquiries about the organism. Specifically, the group developed exposure and symptom criteria and developed data collection and reporting capabilities to capture the human health parameters collectively referred to as possible estuary-associated syndrome (PEAS). The surveillance system was implemented in six states (Delaware, Florida, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia) beginning in June 1998. From 1 June 1998 through 30 June 2601, the six state health agencies participating in the PEAS surveillance system received 3,859 calls: 3,768 callers requested information and 91 callers reported symptoms. Five individuals have-been identified as meeting PEAS criteria. Key words: CDC, Centers for Control and Prevention, environmental public health, epidemiology, estuary, human health, PEAS, Pfiesteria piscicida, possible estuary-associated syndrome, surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Backer, LC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 109 SU 5 BP 797 EP 801 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 487UN UT WOS:000171894300022 PM 11677192 ER PT J AU Sjodin, A Patterson, DG Bergman, A AF Sjodin, A Patterson, DG Bergman, A TI Brominated flame retardants in serum from US blood donors SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; FISH; PLASMA AB Serum samples collected in 1988 from U.S. blood donors were analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated and polybrominated biphenyls (PCBs and PBBs). The levels of the PBDEs are reported for the first time in serum from the U.S. population. The median concentrations and range of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47); 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-153); 2,2',3,4,4',5',6-heptabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-183); and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) were 1.3 (<0.8-49); 0.54 (0.13-3.1); 0.24 (0.12-1.8); and <1 (<1-35) pmol/g lipid weight (l.w.), respectively. In addition we also measured detectable levels of nine additional PBDE congeners in many of the serum samples. The median concentrations and ranges of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachloro- and hexabromobiphenyl (CB-153 and BB-153) were 190 (21-2600) and 19 (4.2-84) pmol/g l.w. The levels of PBDEs and CB-153 found in the U.S. samples were similar to background levels reported in the serum of Swedish hospital cleaners collected 10 years later, i.e., 1997. The BB-153 congener measured in the U.S. samples was not found in the Swedish samples. The difference in exposure to this congener could not be assessed in this study, although might be related to the 1973 BB-153 (FireMaster BP-6) animal and human contamination incident in the State of Michigan. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Stockholm Univ, Dept Environm Chem, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Sjodin, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, 4770 Bufford Hwy NE,Mail Stop F-17, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Sjodin, Andreas/F-2464-2010; OI Bergman, Ake/0000-0003-3403-093X NR 27 TC 110 Z9 119 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 35 IS 19 BP 3830 EP 3833 DI 10.1021/es010815n PG 4 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 478NP UT WOS:000171352500015 PM 11642440 ER PT J AU Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M Raza, A Sobel, J Mintz, ED Baier, K Hoekstra, RM Rahbar, MH Hassan, R Qureshi, SM Gangarosa, EJ AF Luby, SP Agboatwalla, M Raza, A Sobel, J Mintz, ED Baier, K Hoekstra, RM Rahbar, MH Hassan, R Qureshi, SM Gangarosa, EJ TI Microbiologic effectiveness of hand washing with soap in an urban squatter settlement, Karachi, Pakistan SO EPIDEMIOLOGY AND INFECTION LA English DT Article ID HYGIENE BEHAVIOR; BANGLADESH; DIARRHEA; INTERVENTION; STORAGE; DISEASE AB We conducted a study in a squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan where residents report commonly washing their hands to determine if providing soap, encouraging hand washing, and improving wash-water quality would improve hand cleanliness. We allocated interventions to 75 mothers and collected hand-rinse samples on unannounced visits. In the final model compared with mothers who received no hand-washing intervention, mothers who received soap would be expected to have 65% fewer thermotolerant coliform bacteria on their hands (95% CI 40%, 79%) and mothers who received soap, a safe water storage vessel, hypochlorite for water treatment, and instructions to wash their hands with soap and chlorinated water would be expected to have 74% fewer (95% C1 57%, 84%). The difference between those who received soap alone, and those who received soap plus the safe water vessel was not significant (P = 0.26). Providing soap and promoting hand washing measurably improved mothers' hand cleanliness even when used with contaminated water. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Hlth Oriental Prevent Educ HOPE, Karachi, Pakistan. Aga Khan Univ, Karachi, Pakistan. Procter & Gamble Co, Cincinnati, OH 45241 USA. Aga Khan Univ, Hosp Lab, Dept Microbiol, Karachi, Pakistan. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Luby, SP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Mailstop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Hasan, Rumina/F-4420-2015 NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 40 WEST 20TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10011-4221 USA SN 0950-2688 J9 EPIDEMIOL INFECT JI Epidemiol. Infect. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 127 IS 2 BP 237 EP 244 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 493WK UT WOS:000172246300008 PM 11693501 ER PT J AU Ayele, W Fekadu, M Zewdie, B Beyene, M Bogle, Y Mocha, K Gebreegziabher, F AF Ayele, W Fekadu, M Zewdie, B Beyene, M Bogle, Y Mocha, K Gebreegziabher, F TI Immunogenicity and efficacy of Fermi-type nerve tissue rabies vaccine in mice and in humans undergoing post-exposure prophylaxis for rabies in Ethiopia SO ETHIOPIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB Rabies is an acute viral encephalitis that is invariably fatal following the manifestations of clinical signs. To subvert the course of the disease, rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is widely utilized The immunogenicity and efficacy of Fermi-type rabies vaccine produced in Ethiopia was determined in mice subjected to intracranial challenge with rabies virus, and in humans undergoing rabies PEP in Ethiopia Mice were randomly assigned into 5 groups. Group 1 received 0.25ml each of phenolized saline intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days. Mice in groups 2-5 received 0.25ml of rabies vaccine for human PEP for the same period of time. Blood samples were drawn from the retro-orbital vein of all mice on designated days for the determination of rabies virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) using the mouse serum neutralization test. Mice were subsequently challenged intracranially with rabies virus at a concentration of 64 MICLD50 90 days post initial vaccination. Rabies neutralizing antibody titers in the sera of immunized mice ranged from 4.6 to 25 IU/ml. Booster vaccine doses did not seem to induce significant increases in the immune response of vaccinated mice, all of whom withstood intracranial challenge with rabies virus. Rabies VNA was further determined in 12 patients vaccinated in accordance with the prescribed dosage of Fermi-type vaccine for human rabies PEP. Most had >0.5 IU/ml of rabies VNA by day 14, and none detectable at day 1. In contrast to mice, booster doses of vaccine may contribute to slightly higher rabies VNA titers in humans but our small sample size, on top of significant defaulter rates in the study participants, limits our interpretation of the effects of booster vaccine doses. The results of this study are the first documentation of the efficacy and immunogenicity of the Ethiopian Fermi type nerve tissue vaccine in both humans and mice. C1 Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Infect & Noninfect Dis Res Dept, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. St Pauls Hosp, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Menelik II Hosp, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Ayele, W (reprint author), Ethiopian Hlth & Nutr Res Inst, Infect & Noninfect Dis Res Dept, POB 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 4 PU ETHIOPIAN MED ASSN PI ADDIS ABABA PA P O BOX 2179, ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA SN 0014-1755 J9 ETHIOPIAN MED J JI Ethiop. Med. J. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 313 EP 321 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA V41ZR UT WOS:000202838300006 PM 12380231 ER PT J AU Zaki, SR AF Zaki, SR TI Emergence of NIPAH virus. SO GENE THERAPY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0969-7128 J9 GENE THER JI Gene Ther. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 8 SU 1 BP S1 EP S1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 476KC UT WOS:000171224500003 ER PT J AU Vitiello, MV Buchner, DM Cress, ME Merriam, GR Moe, KE Barsness, S Drolet, G Yancey, D Schwartz, R AF Vitiello, MV Buchner, DM Cress, ME Merriam, GR Moe, KE Barsness, S Drolet, G Yancey, D Schwartz, R TI GHRH effects on body composition and physical function in healthy older men and women. SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. VA PSHCS, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2001 VL 41 SI 1 BP 66 EP 66 PG 1 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 478TA UT WOS:000171360400231 ER PT J AU Rauch, M AF Rauch, M TI Inappropriate prescription drug use among elderly persons in the US SO GERONTOLOGIST LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1275 K STREET NW SUITE 350, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-4006 USA SN 0016-9013 J9 GERONTOLOGIST JI Gerontologist PD OCT PY 2001 VL 41 SI 1 BP 246 EP 247 PG 2 WC Gerontology SC Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 478TA UT WOS:000171360400880 ER PT J AU Pealer, LN Weiler, RM Pigg, RM Miller, D Dorman, SM AF Pealer, LN Weiler, RM Pigg, RM Miller, D Dorman, SM TI The feasibility of a Web-based surveillance system to collect health risk behavior data from college students SO HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR LA English DT Article ID WORLD-WIDE-WEB; ULCERATIVE-COLITIS; COMPUTER; INTERNET; QUESTIONNAIRES; DIFFERENCE; RESPONSES AB This study examined the feasibility of collecting health risk behavior data from undergraduate students using a Web-based survey. Undergraduates were randomly selected and assigned randomly to a mail survey group and a Web survey group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups for demographics, response rates, item completion, and item completion errors. Yet differences were found for response time and sensitive item completion. This is the first study to demonstrate the feasibility of collecting health risk behavior data from undergraduates using the Web. Undergraduates are just as likely to respond to a Web survey compared with a mail survey and more likely to answer socially threatening items using this method. Also, the Web format and protocol required less time to administer. Researchers and practitioners conducting health survey research with college students or other homogeneous populations who have access to e-mail and the Web should consider using a Web-based survey design as an alternative to a mail, self-administered survey. In such a population, a Web-based survey should not discourage participation, particularly if participants are interested in the questionnaire content. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Hlth Sci Educ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Fdn Educ, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Pealer, LN (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Prevent Serv Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-46, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 1 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1090-1981 J9 HEALTH EDUC BEHAV JI Health Educ. Behav. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 28 IS 5 BP 547 EP 559 DI 10.1177/109019810102800503 PG 13 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 475FR UT WOS:000171152100002 PM 11575685 ER PT J AU Pitkin, Z Switzer, W Chapman, L Stevens, AC Solomon, B Shanmugam, V Bhullar, V Hussain, A Matthews, A Sandstrom, P Heneine, W AF Pitkin, Z Switzer, W Chapman, L Stevens, AC Solomon, B Shanmugam, V Bhullar, V Hussain, A Matthews, A Sandstrom, P Heneine, W TI An interim analysis of PERV infectivity in 74 patients treated with a bioartificial liver in a prospective, randomized, multicenter controlled trial. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Circe Biomed Inc, Lexington, MA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 SU S MA 302 BP 249A EP 249A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 476KE UT WOS:000171224700303 ER PT J AU Bruden, D McMahon, B Hennessy, T Christensen, C Homan, C Williams, J Sullivan, D Gretch, DR AF Bruden, D McMahon, B Hennessy, T Christensen, C Homan, C Williams, J Sullivan, D Gretch, DR TI Estimating the date of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among alaska native blood transfusion recipients and intravenous drug users (IDU): Comparison between data from patient interviews and antibody tests using stored sera. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 SU S MA 685 BP 343A EP 343A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 476KE UT WOS:000171224700678 ER PT J AU Nakano, T Lu, L Robertson, BH Orito, E Mizokami, M AF Nakano, T Lu, L Robertson, BH Orito, E Mizokami, M TI Convergent evolution of hepatitis C virus observed in hypervariable region 1 among a chronically infected chimpanzee. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med 2, Nagoya, Aichi 467, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 SU S MA 961 BP 412A EP 412A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 476KE UT WOS:000171224700953 ER PT J AU Kamili, SE Li, XF Abubaker, R Farci, P Spelbring, J Carson, D Fattom, A Naso, R Krawczynski, K AF Kamili, SE Li, XF Abubaker, R Farci, P Spelbring, J Carson, D Fattom, A Naso, R Krawczynski, K TI Dynamics of HCV hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) quasispecies in chimpanzees during chronic hcv infection and effect of passive transfer of anti-HCV immunoglobulin. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NCID, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Cagliari, I-09124 Cagliari, Italy. Nabi, Rockville, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 SU S MA 1092 BP 445A EP 445A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 476KE UT WOS:000171224701085 ER PT J AU Bell, BP Navarro, VJ Manos, MM Murphy, RC Leyden, WA St Louis, TE Kunze, K Taccariello, M Sofair, A Wurtzel, HL Bower, W Terrault, N AF Bell, BP Navarro, VJ Manos, MM Murphy, RC Leyden, WA St Louis, TE Kunze, K Taccariello, M Sofair, A Wurtzel, HL Bower, W Terrault, N TI The epidemiology of newly-diagnosed chronic liver disease in the United States: Findings of population-based sentinel surveillance. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Permanente Med Grp Inc, Oakland, CA USA. Connecticut Emerging Infect Program, New Haven, CT USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 0 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 SU S MA 1185 BP 468A EP 468A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 476KE UT WOS:000171224701176 ER PT J AU Navarro, VJ Sofair, A St Louis, TE Bell, BP AF Navarro, VJ Sofair, A St Louis, TE Bell, BP TI Chronic liver disease among primary care patients. SO HEPATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Thomas Jefferson Univ Hosp, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0270-9139 J9 HEPATOLOGY JI Hepatology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 34 IS 4 SU S MA 2066 BP 688A EP 688A PN 2 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 476KE UT WOS:000171224702057 ER PT J AU De Rosa, CT Hicks, HE AF De Rosa, CT Hicks, HE TI Sentinel human health indicators: A model for assessing human health status of vulnerable communities SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Symposium of EPA and the National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory CY JUN 06-08, 2000 CL TRIANGLE PARK, NORTH CAROLINA SP EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab DE Great Lakes; indicators; human health; vulnerable communities; persistent toxic substances ID GREAT-LAKES FISH; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PRENATAL EXPOSURE; YOUNG-CHILDREN; BELIEF MODEL; SPORT FISH; CONSUMPTION; PCB; POPULATION; MICHIGAN AB The presence of toxic substances in the Great Lakes (GL) continues to be a significant concern. Eleven of the most persistent and ubiquitous substances were identified as "critical Great Lakes pollutants" by the International Joint Commission (IJC). In some areas of the GL these toxic substances bioaccumulate in sediment and organisms, biomagnify in food webs, and persist at high levels. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) Great Lakes Human Health Effects Research Program (GLHHERP) characterizes contaminant exposures via GL fish consumption and investigates the potential for short- and long-term adverse health effects. The program has identified a set of eight indicators to determine risk. The GLHHERP findings indicate: (1) vulnerable populations are still being exposed to persistent toxic substances (2) body burden levels are two to four times higher than in the general U.S. population, (3) women and minorities are less knowledgeable about fish advisories than other segments of the population, (4) the presence of neuro developmental deficits in newborns, and cognitive deficits in children and adults, and (5) disturbances in reproductive parameters have been demonstrated in adults. The public health implications of these findings and the need for intervention strategies are discussed. C1 US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP De Rosa, CT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Div Toxicol, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop E29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 61 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 7 IS 5 BP 1419 EP 1435 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 492CF UT WOS:000172149200034 ER PT J AU Brown, TT Proctor, SE Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Smith, TL Jarvis, WR AF Brown, TT Proctor, SE Sinkowitz-Cochran, RL Smith, TL Jarvis, WR CA Soc Healthcare Epidemiology Ameri TI Physician preferences for continuing medical education with a focus on the topic of antimicrobial resistance: Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America SO INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARE AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the type of media preferred for continuing medical education (CME) and to assess the factors that affect physician preferences for CME in general and on the special topic of antimicrobial resistance. DESIGN: A voluntary survey of the membership of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America, Inc. (SHEA). METHODS: SHEA, in collaboration with other medical societies and with technical assistance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, designed and mailed the survey to its membership. The survey included questions about media used, preferred, and of interest to try for CME delivery in general and on the topic of antimicrobial resistance in specific. The survey also included demographic and general questions, such as work environment, percentage of time in direct patient care, and experience treating patients with antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. RESULTS: 225 SHEA members completed the survey. The majority of physicians were in clinical practice (59%) and worked in a hospital (57%). The median year of graduation from medical school was 1979 (range, 1951-1999). CME subject matter (46%) was ranked as the most important factor affecting media preference. Journal articles (52%) were the most frequently used educational medium; local grand rounds (53%) and regional meetings (53%) were the most preferred media. CD-ROM (56%) and the Internet (46%) were selected as media of greatest interest to try. On the topic of antimicrobial resistance, the most frequently used and the preferred medium was journal articles (67% and 87%, respectively). Most (94%) had received an educational update on current antimicrobial resistance issues within the past year. Stratification of the data by graduation date revealed no significant differences in the medical education media used most (F=0.59, degrees of freedom [df]=4, P=.6715) or preferred by SHEA members in general or on the topic of antimicrobial resistance (F=1.99, df=4, P=.0982). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an understanding of how physicians learn, prefer to learn, and implement best practices for optimal patient outcomes in decreasing the spread of antimicrobial resistance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer Inc, Mt Royal, NJ USA. RP Jarvis, WR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 11 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 3 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0899-823X J9 INFECT CONT HOSP EP JI Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 10 BP 656 EP 660 DI 10.1086/501841 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 503PV UT WOS:000172807600013 PM 11776356 ER PT J AU Sahani, M Parashar, UD Ali, R Das, P Lye, MS Isa, MM Arif, MT Ksiazek, TG Sivamoorthy, M AF Sahani, M Parashar, UD Ali, R Das, P Lye, MS Isa, MM Arif, MT Ksiazek, TG Sivamoorthy, M CA Nipah Encephalitis Outbreak Invest TI Nipah virus infection among abattoir workers in Malaysia, 1998-1999 SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Nipah virus; abattoir workers; Malaysia ID EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS INFECTION; FATAL ENCEPHALITIS; PIG-FARMERS; HORSES; PARAMYXOVIRUS; HUMANS; OUTBREAK AB Background An outbreak of encephalitis primarily affecting pig farmers occurred during 1998-1999 in Malaysia and was linked to a new paramyxovirus, Nipah virus, which infected pigs, humans, dogs, and cats. Because five abattoir workers were also affected, a survey was conducted to assess the risk of Nipah infection among abattoir workers. Methods Workers from all 143 registered abattoirs in I I of 13 states in Malaysia were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. Participants were interviewed to ascertain information on illness and activities performed at the abattoir. A serum sample was obtained to test for Nipah virus antibody. Results Seven (1.6%) of 435 abattoir workers who slaughtered pigs versus zero (0%) of 233 workers who slaughtered ruminants showed antibody to Nipah virus (P = 0.05). All antibody-positive workers were from abattoirs in the three states that reported outbreak cases among pig farmers. Workers in these three states were more likely than those in other states to have Nipah antibody (7/144 [4.86%] versus 0/291 [0%], P < 0.001) and report symptoms suggestive of Nipah disease in pigs admitted to the abattoirs (P = 0.001). Conclusions Nipah infection was not widespread among abattoir workers in Malaysia and was linked to exposure to pigs. Since it may be difficult to identify Nipah-infected pigs capable of transmitting virus by clinical symptoms, using personal protective equipment, conducting surveillance for Nipah infection on pig farms which supply abattoirs, and avoiding handling and processing of potentially infected pigs are presently the best strategies to prevent transmission of Nipah virus in abattoirs. C1 Med Res Inst, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Minist Hlth, Ctr Dis Control, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Negeri Sembilan Hlth Dept, Seremban, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Minist Agr, Dept Vet Serv, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. RP Lye, MS (reprint author), Med Res Inst, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. NR 14 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1017 EP 1020 DI 10.1093/ije/30.5.1017 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 492BL UT WOS:000172147100020 PM 11689513 ER PT J AU Bellini, WJ AF Bellini, WJ TI Commentary: Paramyxoviruses, pigs and abattoirs SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID NIPAH-VIRUS; ENCEPHALITIS; INFECTION; OUTBREAK; HORSES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Bellini, WJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Measles Virus Sect, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1020 EP 1021 DI 10.1093/ije/30.5.1020 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 492BL UT WOS:000172147100021 PM 11689514 ER PT J AU Lago, PM Caceres, VM Galindo, MA Gary, HE Valcarcel, M Barrios, J Sarmiento, L Avalos, I Bravo, JA Palomera, R Bello, M Sutter, RW Pallansch, MA de Quadros, CA AF Lago, PM Caceres, VM Galindo, MA Gary, HE Valcarcel, M Barrios, J Sarmiento, L Avalos, I Bravo, JA Palomera, R Bello, M Sutter, RW Pallansch, MA de Quadros, CA TI Persistence of vaccine-derived poliovirus following a mass vaccination campaign in Cuba: implications for stopping polio vaccination after global eradication SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE poliomyelitis; polioviruses; eradication; vaccine; excretion; virus; oral polio vaccine; vaccine Sabin; immunization; circulation; transmission; Cuba ID POLIOMYELITIS AB Background With substantial progress made toward polio eradication, developing the appropriate strategy for discontinuing global oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) after global eradication becomes increasingly important. At issue is the theoretical risk of independent circulation of potentially virulent OPV-derived strains. Because Cuba uses OPV only in mass campaigns, it represents an ideal site to assess vaccine-derived poliovirus persistence. Methods Infants born after the 1997 biannual mass campaigns were evaluated for past (neutralizing antibody) or current (virus excretion) evidence of vaccine-derived poliovirus exposure. We obtained sera and/or stool specimens from 861 infants; a second serum from 218 infants. Results All stool specimens were poliovirus negative. Of 762 infants, 113 (14.8%) had initially detectable poliovirus type I antibody, 193 (25.3%) type 2, and 94 (12.3%) type 3. A precipitous antibody decline occurred in initially positive sera. Conclusions Our results suggest that in a country with high population immunity, vaccine-derived virus is unlikely to establish ongoing circulation. C1 Pedro Kouri Inst Trop Med, Autopista Novia Mediodia, Havana, Cuba. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Prevent Dis Eradicat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Minist Publ Hlth, Havana, Cuba. Prov Ctr Hyg & Epidemiol, Havana, Cuba. Pan Amer Hlth Org, Washington, DC USA. RP Lago, PM (reprint author), Pedro Kouri Inst Trop Med, Autopista Novia Mediodia, Km 6,Entre Autopista Nacl & Carretera Cent, Havana, Cuba. NR 17 TC 23 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 30 IS 5 BP 1029 EP 1034 DI 10.1093/ije/30.5.1029 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 492BL UT WOS:000172147100023 PM 11689516 ER PT J AU Espinal, MA Laserson, K Camacho, M Fusheng, Z Kim, SJ Tiali, E Smith, I Suarez, P Antunes, ML George, AG Martin-Casabona, N Simelane, P Weyer, K Binkin, N Raviglione, MC AF Espinal, MA Laserson, K Camacho, M Fusheng, Z Kim, SJ Tiali, E Smith, I Suarez, P Antunes, ML George, AG Martin-Casabona, N Simelane, P Weyer, K Binkin, N Raviglione, MC TI Determinants of drug-resistant tuberculosis: analysis of 11 countries SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; drug resistance; risk factors ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV-INFECTION; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS AB SETTING: Eleven countries/territories. OBJECTIVES: Global information on the determinants of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) based on representative data is not available. We therefore studied the relationship between demographic characteristics, prior TB treatment, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. METHODS: Population-based representative data on new and previously treated patients with TB collected within an international drug resistance surveillance network. RESULTS: Of 9615 patients, 8222 (85.5%) were new cases of TB and 1393 (14.5%) were previously treated cases. Compared with new cases, previously treated cases were significantly more likely to have resistance to one (OR = 2.5, 95%CI 2.1-3.0; P < 0.001), two (OR = 4.6, 95% CI 3.7-5.6; P < 0.001), three (OR = 11.5, 95% CI 8.6-15.3; P < 0.001), and four (OR = 18.5, 95%CI 12.0-28.5; P < 0.001) drugs. An approximately linear increase in the likelihood of having multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) was observed as the total time (measured in months) of prior anti-tuberculosis treatment increased (P < 0.001, (2) for trend). In multivariate analysis, prior TB treatment for 6-11 months (OR = 7.6, 95%CI 2.6, 22.4; P < 0.001) and greater than or equal to 12 months (OR 13.7, 95%CI 4.5-41.6; P < 0.001), but not HIV positivity, was associated with MDR-TB. CONCLUSION: This study shows that prior but ineffective treatment is a strong predictor of drug resistance, and that HIV is not an independent risk factor for MDR-TB. The association between length of treatment and drug resistance may reflect longer treatment as a result of treatment failure in patients with drug resistance; it may also reflect irregular prior treatment for TB, leading to drug resistance. C1 World Hlth Org, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Lab TB, La Paz, Bolivia. Prov Ctr TB Control, Shandong, Peoples R China. Korean Inst TB, Seoul, South Korea. Minist Hlth, Natl TB Control Programme, Maseru, Lesotho. Natl TB Ctr, Katmandu, Nepal. Natl TB Control Programme, Lima, Peru. Minist Hlth, Lisbon, Portugal. Natl Leprosy TB Control Programme, Natl Reference Lab, Freetown, Sierra Leone. Vall Hebron Hosp, Microbiol & Parasitol Serv, Barcelona, Spain. Minist Hlth, Natl TB Control Programme, Manzini, Swaziland. MRC, Natl TB Res Programme, Tygerberg, South Africa. RP Espinal, MA (reprint author), World Hlth Org, 20 Ave Appia, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. NR 23 TC 106 Z9 116 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 5 IS 10 BP 887 EP 893 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 478KB UT WOS:000171336600002 PM 11605880 ER PT J AU LoBue, PA Moser, K Catanzaro, A AF LoBue, PA Moser, K Catanzaro, A TI Management of tuberculosis in San Diego County: a survey of physicians' knowledge, attitudes and practices SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; guidelines; community; physicians; survey; practices AB SETTING: A survey conducted in San Diego County. OBJECTIVE: To assess local physicians' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis (TB). METHODS: The survey consisted of questions covering diagnosis and treatment of active disease, diagnosis and treatment of latent infection, and infection control. The survey was sent to physicians who reported a TB case or suspect to the local health department in the years 1995-1997. RESULTS: Of the 384 physicians in this group, 150 (39%) returned the survey form. The percentage of physicians whose response conformed to health department guidelines varied widely from question to question (51%-94%, median 83%). Pulmonary medicine and infectious diseases specialists, physicians educated completely in the United States (US), and physicians who treated six or more TB patients in the past 2 years were more likely to give answers in agreement with health department policies. CONCLUSIONS: Because the response rate to the survey was low, these findings may not be completely representative of the targeted group of physicians. Nevertheless, they may indicate that health care provider education about TB management standards is needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, STD & TB Prevent, Field Serv Branch,Natl Ctr HIV, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. TB Control Program, Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. Univ San Diego, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. RP LoBue, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, STD & TB Prevent, Field Serv Branch,Natl Ctr HIV, POB 85222,Mail Stop P511D, San Diego, CA 92186 USA. NR 7 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT UNION AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS LUNG DISEASE (I U A T L D) PI PARIS PA 68 BOULEVARD SAINT-MICHEL,, 75006 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1027-3719 J9 INT J TUBERC LUNG D JI Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 5 IS 10 BP 933 EP 938 PG 6 WC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System SC Infectious Diseases; Respiratory System GA 478KB UT WOS:000171336600009 PM 11605887 ER PT J AU Stone, VE Hogan, JW Schuman, P Rompalo, AM Howard, AA Korkontzelou, C Smith, DK AF Stone, VE Hogan, JW Schuman, P Rompalo, AM Howard, AA Korkontzelou, C Smith, DK TI Antiretroviral regimen complexity, self-reported adherence, and HIV patients' understanding of their regimens: Survey of women in the HER study SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE adherence; antiretroviral therapy; complexity; women; HIV/AIDS ID MEDICATION; THERAPY; INFECTION; HIV/AIDS; DISEASE AB Background: Research regarding treatment adherence in chronic diseases,. such as hypertension, suggests that increasing complexity in the medication regimen is associated with decreasing patient adherence. However, less is known about the relationship between regimen complexity and adherence in the treatment of HIV/AIDS. Objective: To examine the relationship between antiretroviral (ART) regimen complexity and patient understanding of correct regimen dosing to adherence (missing doses in the past I and 3 days). Methods: Cross-sectional survey of a cohort of women living with HIV/AIDS and enrolled in the HER (HIV Epidemiologic Research) Study. Results: Seventy-five percent of patients correctly understood the dosing frequency of their ART medications, 80% understood the food-dosing restrictions, whereas only 63% understood both. The percentage of patients with a correct understanding of dosing decreased with increasing regimen complexity (increased dosing frequency and food-dosing restrictions). Patients were more likely to have missed doses in the previous 3 days if they were taking ART medications three or more times per day or had to take one or more antiretrovirals on an empty stomach. A multivariate logistic regression model demonstrated that patients with less complex regimens (twice daily or less in frequency, no food-dosing restrictions) who correctly understood the dosing and food restrictions of their ART regimen were less likely to have skipped doses in the past three days (odds ratio [OR], 0.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.2-0.7) than those with more complex regimens. Younger age and higher CD4 count were also associated with a reduced likelihood of skipping doses. No association was found between adherence and race/ethnicity, current or past injection drug use, or education, Conclusions: Self-reported adherence is better among patients with less complex ART regimens. This is in part because patients' understanding of regimen dosing decreases as regimen complexity increases. Therefore, simplifying antiretroviral regimens may have an important role in improving patients' adherence. C1 Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Gen Med Unit, Boston, MA 02114 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Ctr Stat Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, New York, NY USA. US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Stone, VE (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Gen Med Unit, 50 Staniford St,9th Floor, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RI Hogan, Joseph/J-4579-2014 FU NIAID NIH HHS [P30 AI 42853]; PHS HHS [U64/CCU106795] NR 37 TC 149 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 9 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 124 EP 131 DI 10.1097/00126334-200110010-00003 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 480NK UT WOS:000171467600003 PM 11588505 ER PT J AU Tharawan, K Manopaiboon, C Ellertson, C Limpakarnjanarat, K Chaikummao, S Kilmarx, PH Blanchard, K Coggins, C Mastro, TD Elias, C AF Tharawan, K Manopaiboon, C Ellertson, C Limpakarnjanarat, K Chaikummao, S Kilmarx, PH Blanchard, K Coggins, C Mastro, TD Elias, C TI Women's willingness to participate in microbicide trials in northern Thailand SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE vaginal microbicides; clinical trials; willingness to participate; Thailand ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; VACCINE TRIALS; BANGKOK; RISK AB To assess women's interests and concerns regarding participation in trials of microbicides in Chiang Rai, Thailand, we administered structured questionnaires. Before answering the questionnaire, women attended an educational session on rnicrobicides and clinical trials. Of 370 participants, 82% correctly answered 8 or more of the I I overall comprehension questions, indicating an adequate knowledge base among the women from which to answer questions about attitudes toward microbicide trials. The most common motivations for participating in a trial were "getting tested for HIV" and "doing something good for women's health." The greatest barrier to participation was women's fear that if they proposed use of a microbicide, their husbands might feel protected and thereby have more sex partners. Overall, 6.2% said they would be "definitely willing to participate," and 66.8% said they wanted to participate but wanted to think about it. Most women previously unacquainted with the concept of microbicides or clinical trial design displayed adequate knowledge of these subjects after the short educational session. If women's initial reactions are validated by actual willingness, surveys could prove valuable for selecting sites for microbicide trials, estimating enrollment rates, and tailoring trials to make them most acceptable to women. C1 Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. Populat Council, New York, NY 10021 USA. Populat Council, Bangkok, Thailand. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kilmarx, PH (reprint author), Minist Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Collaborat, DMS 6 Bldg,Tivanon Rd, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand. NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD OCT 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 2 BP 180 EP 186 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 480NK UT WOS:000171467600011 PM 11588513 ER PT J AU Lindsley, MD Hurst, SF Iqbal, NJ Morrison, CJ AF Lindsley, MD Hurst, SF Iqbal, NJ Morrison, CJ TI Rapid identification of dimorphic and yeast-like fungal pathogens using specific DNA probes SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PCR-AMPLIFIED DNA; CRYPTOCOCCUS-NEOFORMANS; MOLECULAR PROBES; PARACOCCIDIOIDES-BRASILIENSIS; CLINICAL SPECIMENS; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTIONS; HISTOPLASMOSIS; MARNEFFEI; PRIMER AB Specific oligonucleotide probes were developed to identify medically important fungi that display yeast-like morphology in vivo. Universal fungal primers ITS1 and ITS4, directed to the conserved regions of ribosomal DNA, were used to amplify DNA from Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Penicillium marneffei, Sporothrix schenckii, Cryptococcus neoformans, five Candida species, and Pneumocystis carinii. Specific oligonucleotide probes to identify these fungi, as well as a probe to detect all dimorphic, systemic pathogens, were developed. PCR amplicons were detected colorimetrically in an enzyme immunoassay format. The dimorphic probe hybridized with DNA from H. capsulatum, B. dermatitidis, C. immitis, P. brasiliensis, and P. marneffei but not with DNA from nondimorphic fungi. Specific probes for H. capsulatum, B. dermatitidis, C. immitis, P. brasiliensis, P. marneffei, S. schenckii, C. neoformans, and P. carinii hybridized with homologous but not heterologous DNA. Minor cross-reactivity was observed for the B. dermititidis probe used against C. immitis DNA and for the H. capsulatum probe used against Candida albicans DNA. However, the C. immitis probe did not cross-react with B. dermititidis DNA, nor did the dimorphic probe hybridize with C. albicans DNA. Therefore, these fungi could be differentiated by a process of elimination. In conclusion, probes developed to yeast-like pathogens were found to be highly specific and should prove to be useful in differentiating these organisms in the clinical setting. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lindsley, MD (reprint author), CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop G-11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 82 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3505 EP 3511 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3505-3511.2001 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479AW UT WOS:000171382600014 PM 11574564 ER PT J AU Christensen, JJ Facklam, RR AF Christensen, JJ Facklam, RR TI Granulicatella and Abiotrophia species from human clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUTRITIONALLY VARIANT STREPTOCOCCI; GENUS ABIOTROPHIA; SP. NOV.; IDENTIFICATION; DEFECTIVUS; ADJACENS; ENDOCARDITIS; PROPOSAL; STRAINS AB One hundred one isolates of nutritionally variant streptococci from 97 patients were phenotypically characterized and compared with the type strains of Granulicatella adiacens (formerly Abiotrophia adiacens) (ATCC 49175(T)) Abiotrophia defectiva (ATCC 49176(T)), and Granulicatella elegans (formerly Abiotrophia elegans) (DSM 11693(T)). Of the isolates, 55 and 43 resembled G. adiacens and A. defectiva, respectively, while 3 strains resembled G. elegans. Phenotypic characteristics useful in differentiating between species within the genera Granulicatella and Abiotrophia (G. adiacens, G. elegans, Granulicatella balaenopterae, and A. defectiva) were production of alpha- and beta -galactosidase; production of beta -glucuronidase; hippurate hydrolysis; arginine dihydrolase activity; and acid production from trehalose, sucrose, pullulan, and tagatose. From the reports submitted with the specimens, the clinical diagnosis was endocarditis in 58% of patients and septicemia or bacteremia in 26% of patients. C1 Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Microbiol, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Streptococcus Lab, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Christensen, JJ (reprint author), Statens Serum Inst, Dept Clin Microbiol, Artillerivej 5, DK-2300 Copenhagen, Denmark. NR 17 TC 62 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3520 EP 3523 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3520-3523.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479AW UT WOS:000171382600016 PM 11574566 ER PT J AU Jain, V Das, BK Bhan, MK Glass, RI Gentsch, JR AF Jain, V Das, BK Bhan, MK Glass, RI Gentsch, JR CA Indian Strain Surveillance Collabo TI Great diversity of group A rotavirus strains and high prevalence of mixed rotavirus infections in India SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; P-TYPE; ACUTE DIARRHEA; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; UNITED-STATES; NEW-DELHI; CHILDREN; GASTROENTERITIS; IDENTIFICATION; SEROTYPES AB We previously observed a marked diversity of rotavirus strains and a high prevalence of the uncommon serotype G9 in a small survey of rotavirus strains collected from six centers in India. In the present study, we characterized a larger collection of strains from children hospitalized with severe diarrhea in seven Indian cities between 1996 and 1998. A total of 287 strains were G and P genotyped by reverse transcription-PCR, and some were further characterized by electropherotyping and subgrouping. Of the four strains common globally, three were found in only 43% of samples (P[8], G1, 15%; P[4], G2, 22%; P[8], G4, 6%), whereas G9 strains made up 17% of the total. Three different G9 strains were present: a P[8], G9 strain, which displayed the long electropherotype and subgroup II VP6 specificity, and two P[6], G9 strains, one with the long electropherotype and subgroup H specificity and the other with the short electropherotype and subgroup I specificity. Marked diversity was observed among strains collected from different cities and collected over time. Of the 253 strains that were fully typed, 54 (21%) had a mixed G or P genotype. Serotype G2 strains were detected more often in infections caused by single strains than in mixed infections (P < 0.05), whereas serotype GI strains were found more often in mixed infections than in infections caused by single strains (P < 0.05). The diversity of rotavirus strains and the high prevalence of mixed infections confirm trends reported earlier and help to better characterize the strains of rotavirus circulating in India. Vaccines under development should clearly target G9 strains, and G9 should be included as one of the common global serotypes. C1 CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Pediat, New Delhi, India. All India Inst Med Sci, Dept Microbiol, New Delhi, India. RP Gentsch, JR (reprint author), CDCP, Viral Gastroenteritis Sect, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS G-04,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 29 TC 89 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3524 EP 3529 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3524-3529.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479AW UT WOS:000171382600017 PM 11574567 ER PT J AU Stamey, FR Patel, MM Holloway, BP Pellett, PE AF Stamey, FR Patel, MM Holloway, BP Pellett, PE TI Quantitative, fluorogenic probe PCR assay for detection of human herpesvirus 8 DNA in clinical specimens SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8; LOCALIZATION; HHV-8; MEN AB A quantitative, fluorescence-based PCR assay (TaqMan-based system) was developed for detection of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) DNA in clinical specimens. Primers and probes chosen from each of five 10-kb segments from the unique region of the HHV-8 genome were evaluated for sensitivity with dilution series of DNA extracted from a cell line (BCBL-1) that harbors HHV-8 DNA. Although several of the primer-probe sets performed similarly,,vith BCBL-1 DNA that had been diluted in water, their performance differed when target DNA was diluted in a constant background of uninfected cell DNA, an environment more relevant to their intended use. The two best primer-probe combinations were specific for HHV-8 relative to the other known human herpesviruses and herpesvirus saimiri, a closely related gammaherpesvirus of nonhuman primates. PCRs included an enzymatic digestion step to eliminate PCR carryover and an exogenous internal positive control that enabled discrimination of false-negative from true-negative reactions. The new assays were compared to conventional PCR assays for clinical specimens (saliva, rectal brushings, rectal swab specimens, peripheral blood lymphocytes, semen, and urine) from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients with or without Kaposi's sarcoma. In all instances, the new assays agreed with each other and with the conventional PCR system. In addition, the quantitative results obtained with the new assays were in good agreement both for duplicate reactions in the same assay and between assays. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd G18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3537 EP 3540 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3537-3540.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479AW UT WOS:000171382600019 PM 11574569 ER PT J AU Kao, CL Wu, MC Chiu, YH Lin, JL Wu, YC Yueh, YY Chen, LK Shaio, MF King, CC AF Kao, CL Wu, MC Chiu, YH Lin, JL Wu, YC Yueh, YY Chen, LK Shaio, MF King, CC TI Flow cytometry compared with indirect immunofluorescence for rapid detection of dengue virus type 1 after amplification in tissue culture SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE CHAIN-REACTION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; CELLS; FEVER; NS1; EXPRESSION; INFECTION; PROTEINS; ENVELOPE AB Dengue virus (DV) was detected early in infected mosquito C6/36 cells by using indirect immunofluorescence (IF) in conjunction with flow cytometry. Three fixation-permeabilization methods and three DV serotype I (DEN-1)-specific monoclonal antibodies, 8-8 (anti-E), 16-4 (anti-NS1), and 15F3-1 (anti-NS1), were evaluated for the detection of DEN-1 in infected C6/36 cells. We found that these three monoclonal antibodies were capable of detecting DV in C6/36 cells as early as 24 h postinoculation by using a conventional indirect IF stain. Both 8-8 and 16-4 detected DV earlier and showed a greater number of DV-positive cells than 15F3-1. In flow cytometry, 3% paraformaldehyde plus 0.1% Triton X-100 with 16-4, the best fixation-permeabilization method for testing DV, showed higher sensitivity (up to 1 PFU) than indirect IF stain. The higher sensitivity of 16-4 in detecting DEN-1 was found with both IF and flow cytometry. Flow cytometry, which had a sensitivity similar to that of nested reverse transcription-PCR, was more sensitive in detecting DV in the infected mosquito cells 10 h earlier than the conventional IF stain. When clinical specimens were amplified in mosquito C6/36 cells and then assayed for DV using flow cytometry and conventional virus isolation at day 7 postinfection, both methods had 97.22% (35 out of 36) agreement. Moreover, among 12 positive samples which were detected by conventional culture method, the flow cytometry assay could detect DV in 58.33% (7 out of 12) of samples even at day 3 postinfection. In conclusion, both monoclonal antibodies 8-8 and 16-4 can be used for the early detection of DEN-1-infected C6/36 cells, with 16-4 (anti-NS1) being the best choice for the rapid diagnosis of DV by both the IF staining and flow cytometry methods. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Sch & Grad Inst Med Technol, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Publ Hlth, Inst Epidemiol, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Def Med Ctr, Inst Prevent Med, Taipei, Taiwan. Ctr Dis Control, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Tzu Chi Coll Med & Humanities, Dept Immunol, Hualien, Taiwan. RP Kao, CL (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Coll Med, Sch & Grad Inst Med Technol, 7 Chung Shan S RD, Taipei, Taiwan. OI King, Chwan-Chuen/0000-0002-6078-2601; KAO, CHUAN-LIANG/0000-0002-1020-2605 NR 35 TC 24 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3672 EP 3677 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3672-3677.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479AW UT WOS:000171382600039 PM 11574589 ER PT J AU Swenson, JM Spargo, J Tenover, FC Ferraro, MJ AF Swenson, JM Spargo, J Tenover, FC Ferraro, MJ TI Optimal inoculation methods and quality control for the NCCLS oxacillin agar screen test for detection of oxacillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID METHICILLIN RESISTANCE; MECA GENE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; EXPRESSION; VITEK AB To define more precisely the inoculation methods to be used in the oxacillin screen test for Staphylococcus aureus, we tested agar screen plates prepared in house with 6 mug of oxacillin/ml and 4% NaCl using the four different inoculation methods that would most likely be used by clinical laboratories. The organisms selected for testing were 19 heteroresistant mecA-producing strains and 41 non-mecA-producing strains for which oxacillin MICs were near the susceptible breakpoint. The inoculation method that was preferred by all four readers and that resulted in the best combination of sensitivity and specificity was a 1-mul loopful of a 0.5 McFarland suspension. A second objective of the study was to then use this method to inoculate plates from five different manufacturers of commercially prepared media. Although all commercial media performed with acceptable sensitivity compared to the reference lot, one of the commercial lots demonstrated a lack of specificity. Those lots of oxacillin screen medium that fail to grow heteroresistant strains can be detected by using S. aureus ATCC 43300 as a positive control in the test and by using transmitted light to carefully examine the plates for any growth. However, lack of specificity with commercial lots may be difficult to detect using any of the current quality control organisms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Massachusetts Gen Hosp, Dept Microbiol, Boston, MA 02114 USA. RP Swenson, JM (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop G08,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3781 EP 3784 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3781-3784.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479AW UT WOS:000171382600068 PM 11574618 ER PT J AU Swenson, JM Williams, PP Killgore, G O'Hara, CM Tenover, FC AF Swenson, JM Williams, PP Killgore, G O'Hara, CM Tenover, FC TI Performance of eight methods, including two new rapid methods, for detection of oxacillin resistance in a challenge set of Staphylococcus aureus organisms SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING METHODS; LATEX AGGLUTINATION-TEST; GPS-SA CARD; METHICILLIN-RESISTANCE; MECA GENE; MRSA-SCREEN; STRAINS; VITEK; AGAR; KIT AB Using a set of 55 Staphylococcus aureus challenge organisms, we evaluated six routine methods (broth microdilution, disk diffusion, oxacillin agar screen, MicroScan conventional panels, MicroScan rapid panels, and Vitek cards) currently used in many clinical laboratories and two new rapid methods, Velogene and the MRSA-Screen, that require less than a day to determine the susceptibility of S. aureus to oxacillin. The methods were evaluated by using the presence of the mecA gene, as detected by PCR, as the "gold standard." The strains included 19 mecA-positive heterogeneously resistant strains of expression class 1 or 2 (demonstrating oxacillin MICs of 4 to > 16 mug/ml) and 36 mecA-negative strains. The oxacillin MICs of the latter strains were 0.25 to 4 mug/ml when tested by broth microdilution with 2% NaCl-supplemented cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth as specified by the NCCLS. However, when tested by agar dilution with 4% salt (the conditions used in the oxacillin agar screen method), the oxacillin MICs of 16 of the mecA-negative strains increased to 4 to 8 mug/ml. On initial testing, the percentages of correct results (% sensitivity/% specificity) were as follows: broth microdilution, 100/100; Velogene, 100/100; Vitek, 95/97; oxacillin agar screen, 90/92; disk diffusion, 100/89; MicroScan rapid panels, 90/86; MRSA-Screen, 90/100; and MicroScan conventional, 74/97. The MRSA-Screen sensitivity improved to 100% if agglutination reactions were read at 15 min. Repeat testing improved the performance of some but not all of the systems. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Epidemiol & Lab Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Swenson, JM (reprint author), CDC, Mailstop G08,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3785 EP 3788 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.10.3785-3788.2001 PG 4 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479AW UT WOS:000171382600069 PM 11574619 ER PT J AU Lockman, S Braden, CR Tappero, JW Binkin, NJ AF Lockman, S Braden, CR Tappero, JW Binkin, NJ TI Tuberculosis transmission in Botswana - Reply SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lockman, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV AIDS, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3815 EP 3816 PG 2 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479AW UT WOS:000171382600084 ER PT J AU Pope, V Fears, MB Morrill, WE Castro, A Kikkert, SE AF Pope, V Fears, MB Morrill, WE Castro, A Kikkert, SE TI Comparison of the serodia Treponema pallidum particle agglutination, captia syphilis-G, and SpiroTek reagin II tests with standard test techniques for diagnosis of syphilis (vol 38, pg 2544, 2000) SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Correction C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Pope, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3817 EP 3817 PG 1 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 479AW UT WOS:000171382600085 ER PT J AU Daley, WR Shireley, L Gilmore, R AF Daley, WR Shireley, L Gilmore, R TI A flood-related outbreak of carbon monoxide poisoning - Grand Forks, North Dakota SO JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE carbon monoxide; poisoning; disaster; flood; epidemiology; environmental exposure ID ICE STORM; ENGINES AB Post-disaster carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is a growing problem in the United States. This study describes a documented outbreak of CO poisoning associated with flooding. Health department staff investigated cases of CO poisoning following the severe flood of 1997 in Grand Forks, North Dakota. Thirty-three laboratory-confirmed cases were identified, involving 18 separate incidents. Patients ranged in age from 7 to 67 years, and most were men. One patient lost consciousness and was admitted to the hospital; all others were released after receiving supplemental oxygen. Every incident involved gasoline-powered pressure washers being used in basements. Five incidents among professional cleaners accounted for 16 cases; the remaining incidents involved noncommercial use. Thirty patients, from 15 incidents, reported the basement was ventilated while the pressure washer was in use. CO poisoning must be considered a potential hazard after major floods. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. C1 CDCP, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. N Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismarck, ND USA. RP Daley, WR (reprint author), CDC, NCEH, EHHE, HSB, 1600 Clifton Rd,E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0736-4679 J9 J EMERG MED JI J. Emerg. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 21 IS 3 BP 249 EP 253 DI 10.1016/S0736-4679(01)00380-8 PG 5 WC Emergency Medicine SC Emergency Medicine GA 484CL UT WOS:000171672600005 PM 11604279 ER PT J AU Villinger, F Rowe, T Parekh, BS Green, TA Mayne, AE Grimm, B McClure, HM Lackner, AA Dailey, PJ Ansari, AA Folks, TM AF Villinger, F Rowe, T Parekh, BS Green, TA Mayne, AE Grimm, B McClure, HM Lackner, AA Dailey, PJ Ansari, AA Folks, TM TI Chronic immune stimulation accelerates SIV-induced disease progression SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PRIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chronic immune stimulation; HIV; SIV ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; HIV-INFECTED ADULTS; RHESUS-MONKEYS; ACTIVATION; EXPRESSION; INFLUENZA; IMMUNIZATION; REPLICATION; VACCINATION; AIDS AB The contribution of chronic immune stimulation on the progression of lentivirus-induced disease was evaluated in the SIVmac251 macaque model of AIDS. Following SIV inoculation. seroconversion and control of the acute viral replication phase, repeated immune stimulations with tetanus toxoid (TT), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were initiated in four monkeys. These animals showed a significant shortening of survival when compared with eight non-immune-stimulated control animals inoculated with the same route, dose and stock of SIVmac251 (median survival 9.5 months versus 17 months. P=0.010). In addition. when the comparison was extended to another 22 control animals of different origin but inoculated by the same route with similar doses and stocks of SIVmac251. the difference in survival was still significant (9.5 versus 18 months, P=0.003). This accelerated progression of symptomatic disease was not accompanied with significant increases in plasma viral loads, but suboptimal antibody responses to the immunizing antigens were noted. correlating with the length of survival. These findings may have implications for HIV-infected humans suffering from chronic infectious diseases. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Emory Univ, Yerkes Reg Primate Res Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS, TB Res Labs, Atlanta, GA USA. New England Reg Primate Res Ctr, Southborough, MA 01772 USA. Bayer Diagnost, Nucl Acid Diagnost, Emeryville, CA USA. RP Villinger, F (reprint author), Winship Canc Inst, 1365B Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR165-00165, RR00168]; NIAID NIH HHS [1R01AI27057]; NINDS NIH HHS [NS35732] NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0047-2565 J9 J MED PRIMATOL JI J. Med. Primatol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 30 IS 5 BP 254 EP 259 DI 10.1034/j.1600-0684.2001.d01-57.x PG 6 WC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology SC Veterinary Sciences; Zoology GA 502MR UT WOS:000172747800002 PM 11990240 ER PT J AU Quandt, SA Arcury, TA Preisser, JS Bernert, JT Norton, D AF Quandt, SA Arcury, TA Preisser, JS Bernert, JT Norton, D TI Environmental and behavioral predictors of salivary cotinine in Latino tobacco workers SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GREEN-TOBACCO; SICKNESS; NICOTINE; NONSMOKERS; SMOKERS; ABSORPTION; EXPOSURE; SERUM AB We report the results of a cohort study of 182 seasonal and migrant farmworkers engaged in tobacco production in two North Carolina counties. Data were collected on tobacco work tasks and risk factors for exposure to nicotine, including smoking, every 2 weeks over a 10-week period during the summer of 1999. Saliva samples were collected for cotinine analysis at every contact. Salivary cotinine levels increased across the season, independent of smoking status. Multivariate analyses identified a model (R-2 = 0.68) in which predictors of cotinine included greater age, later-season work, wet working conditions, smoking, and work task. Harvesting ("priming") tobacco was associated with higher cotinine levels than other tasks. This study demonstrates that tobacco workers experience substantial work-related exposure to nicotine. The long-term effects of such exposure should be investigated. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Family & Community Med, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Tobacco Exposure Biomarkers Lab, Air Toxicants Branch, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Quandt, SA (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Sch Med, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Med Ctr Blvd, Winston Salem, NC 27157 USA. FU NIOSH CDC HHS [R01 OH03648] NR 19 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 43 IS 10 BP 844 EP 852 DI 10.1097/00043764-200110000-00003 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 481XK UT WOS:000171545600003 PM 11665453 ER PT J AU Fischer, FM Morata, TC Latorre, MD Krieg, EF Fiorini, AC Colacioppo, S Gozzoli, L Padrao, MA Zavariz, C Lieber, R Wallingford, KM Cesar, CLG AF Fischer, FM Morata, TC Latorre, MD Krieg, EF Fiorini, AC Colacioppo, S Gozzoli, L Padrao, MA Zavariz, C Lieber, R Wallingford, KM Cesar, CLG TI Effects of environmental and organizational factors on the health of shiftworkers of a printing company SO JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; SHIFT WORK; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; RISK-FACTORS; SLEEP AB This study explored the effects of environmental and organizational stressors on the health of shiftworkers in a printing company (n = 124). A questionnaire was used to gather data on work history, organizational factors, psychosocial characteristics, medical history, present health, occupational and non-occupational exposures, and lifestyle factors. The Perception of environmental and organizational conditions was associated (P < 0.05) with chronic back pain (odds ratio [OR], 1.29), varicose veins (OA 1.35), allergic rhinitis (OA 1.27), depression (OR, 1.45), and gastritis (OA 1.15). Anxiety scores were associated with allergic rhinitis (OR, 1.14) and skin allergy (OR, 1.09). Shiftwork was a significant risk factor for conjunctivitis (OR, 3.68), depression (OR, 0.23), cardiac arrhythmia (OR, 7.13), and gastritis (OA 4.38). Other associations included tenure and chronic back pain (OA 4.89), toluene exposure and skin allergy (Og 3.76), worksite and conjunctivitis (OR, 7.0), and worksite and dermatitis (OR, 1.24 to 4.95). The number of hours of exercise per week was associated with varicose veins (OR, 4.33), and alcohol intake was associated with cardiac arrhythmia (OR, 6.74). C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Epidemiol, Sch Publ Hlth, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, Brazil. NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Fischer, FM (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Environm Hlth, Sch Publ Hlth, Av Dr Arnaldo 715, BR-01246904 Sao Paulo, Brazil. RI Morata, Thais/A-6848-2009; Cesar, Chester/H-5041-2012; Fischer , Frida /I-1486-2012; Latorre, Maria/J-5780-2014 OI Latorre, Maria/0000-0002-5189-3457 NR 41 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1076-2752 J9 J OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI J. Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 43 IS 10 BP 882 EP 889 DI 10.1097/00043764-200110000-00007 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 481XK UT WOS:000171545600007 PM 11665457 ER PT J AU Lindsay, DS Spencer, J Rupprecht, C Blagburn, BL AF Lindsay, DS Spencer, J Rupprecht, C Blagburn, BL TI Prevalence of agglutinating antibodies to Neospora caninum in raccoons, Procyon lotor SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOXOPLASMA-GONDII INFECTION; FOXES; DOGS AB Neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite that causes neonatal neuromuscular disease in dogs and abortions in cattle. Dogs are the only proven definitive host. Little is known about the prevalence of antibodies to this parasite in wildlife. Sera from 99 raccoons (Procyon lotor) were examined for agglutinating antibodies to N. caninum using the modified agglutination test employing formalin-fixed tachyzoites as antigen. Raccoons originated in Florida (n=24, collected in 1996), New Jersey (n=25, collected in 1993), Pennsylvania (n=25, collected in 1999), and Massachusetts (n=25, collected in 1993 and 1994). Ten (10%) had antibodies to AT. caninum; 9 had titers of 1:50, and 1 (1%) had a titer of 1:100. The present study indicates that raccoons have minimal exposure to N. caninum. The sera were also tested for agglutinating antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and 46 (46%) were positive; 16 had titers of 1:50, 8 had titers of 1:100, and 22 had titers of greater than or equal to1:500. C1 Virginia Tech, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Auburn Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lindsay, DS (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Ctr Mol Med & Infect Dis, Dept Biomed Sci & Pathobiol, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, 1410 Prices Fork Rd, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Lindsay, David/G-8891-2016 OI Lindsay, David/0000-0002-0592-8321 NR 17 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 87 IS 5 BP 1197 EP 1198 DI 10.1645/0022-3395(2001)087[1197:POAATN]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 485UK UT WOS:000171782300054 PM 11695399 ER PT J AU Dwyer, J Ellwood, K Moshfegh, AJ Johnson, CL AF Dwyer, J Ellwood, K Moshfegh, AJ Johnson, CL TI Integration of the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article C1 USDA ARS, Food Survey Res Grp, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. CDC, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Dwyer, J (reprint author), USDA ARS, Food Survey Res Grp, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD USA. OI Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 0 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 101 IS 10 BP 1142 EP 1143 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00279-6 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 499BT UT WOS:000172551700007 PM 11678482 ER PT J AU Novotny, JA Rumpler, WV Judd, JT Riddick, H Rhodes, D McDowell, M Briefel, R AF Novotny, JA Rumpler, WV Judd, JT Riddick, H Rhodes, D McDowell, M Briefel, R TI Diet interviews of subject pairs: How different persons recall eating the same foods SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PORTION SIZES; VALIDATION AB Objective To compare qualitative descriptions of the same food items eaten by different persons using 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Design Eleven pairs of subjects were interviewed twice using 24-hour dietary recalls such drat each member of the pair described the same day's foods. Each hair shared a home and ate at least 2 meals together daily. After each interview, subjects were asked to identify the foods reported during the interview that they observed tale other member of their pair consuming and to note when a particular food was the only item of that type available in the house. Qualitative descriptions of the foods were compared, differences in descriptions were noted, and calculations were made of the potential energy error produced if a subject: erred in reporting a food item. Subjects/setting Subjects were randomly selected from a database of persons who have participated in other studies at the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center. Ten pairs were husbands and wives and 1 pair was sisters. Each pair reported eating at least 2 meals per day together. Dietary recall interviews were done at the Research Center and were conducted by a trained dietitian in a quiet room free of distractions. Results Discrepancies in qualitative food descriptions were identified for every subject pair interviewed. Men were found to be more likely to omit food items than women, snack items were more likely to be omitted than meal items, meat items were likely to be described inaccurately, and first interviews were likely to contain more errors than second interviews. Applications/conclusions Thus analysis shows which types of food items are most likely to be omitted or inaccurately described, and that dietetics professionals may improve the accuracy of dietary intake interviews by asking questions related to meat, milk, and snacks very carefully. The analysis also showed reductions in recall inconsistencies from the first recall to the second recall, suggesting that the learning associated with repeated interviews may be helpful in accurately identifying what a person consumes. C1 USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Diet & Human Performance Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Interview Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Novotny, JA (reprint author), US Dept Agr Diet & Human Performance Lab, Bldg 308, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. NR 19 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER DIETETIC ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 216 W JACKSON BLVD #800, CHICAGO, IL 60606-6995 USA SN 0002-8223 J9 J AM DIET ASSOC JI J. Am. Diet. Assoc. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 101 IS 10 BP 1189 EP 1193 DI 10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00291-7 PG 5 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 499BT UT WOS:000172551700018 PM 11678490 ER PT J AU Ding, HZ Zeng, ZL Fung, KF Chen, ZL Qiao, GL AF Ding, HZ Zeng, ZL Fung, KF Chen, ZL Qiao, GL TI Pharmacokinetics of sarafloxacin in pigs and broilers following intravenous, intramuscular, and oral single-dose applications SO JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PHARMACOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Article ID SALMO-SALAR HELD; ATLANTIC SALMON; ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS; SEA-WATER; A-56619; FLUOROQUINOLONES; CIPROFLOXACIN AB Pharmacokinetics of sarafloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, was determined in pigs and broilers after intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.), or oral (p.o.) administration at a single dose of 5 (pigs) or 10 mg/kg broilers). Plasma concentration profiles were analysed by a noncompartmental pharmacokinetic method. Following i.v., i.m. and p.o. doses, the elimination half-lives (t(1/2 beta)) were 3.37 +/- 0.46, 4.66 +/- 1.34, 7.20 +/- 1.92 (pigs) and 2.53 +/- 0.82, 6.81 +/- 2.04, 3.89 +/- 1.19 h (broilers), respectively. After i.m. and p.o. doses, bioavailabilities (F) were 81.8 +/- 9.8 and 42.6 +/- 8.2% (pigs) and 72.1 +/- 8.1 and 59.6 +/- 13.8% (broilers), respectively. Steady-state distribution volumes (V-d(ss)) of 1.92 +/- 0.27 and 3.40 +/- 1.26 L/kg and total body clearances (Cl-B) of 0.51 +/- 0.03 and 1.20 +/- 0.20 L/kg/h were determined in pigs and broilers, respectively. Areas under the curve (AUC), mean residence times (MRT), and mean absorption times (MAT) were also determined. Sarafloxacin was demonstrated to be more rapidly absorbed, more extensively distributed, and more quickly eliminated in broilers than in pigs. Based on the single-dose pharmacokinetic parameters determined, multiple dosage regimens were recommended as: a dosage of 10 mg/kg given intramuscularly every 12 h in pigs, or administered orally every 8 h in broilers, can maintain effective plasma concentrations with bacteria infections, in which MIC90 are <0.25 g/mL. C1 S China Agr Univ, Dept Vet Med, Lab Vet Pharmacol, Guangzhou 510642, Peoples R China. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Anat Physiol Sci & Radiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Qiao, GL (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, MS 3030,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7783 J9 J VET PHARMACOL THER JI J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 24 IS 5 BP 303 EP 308 DI 10.1046/j.1365-2885.2001.00348.x PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Veterinary Sciences GA 490HJ UT WOS:000172046200001 PM 11696079 ER PT J AU Castle, KT Biggins, D Carter, LG Chu, M Innes, K Wimsatt, J AF Castle, KT Biggins, D Carter, LG Chu, M Innes, K Wimsatt, J TI Susceptibility of the Siberian polecat to subcutaneous and oral Yersinia pestis exposure SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE DISEASES LA English DT Article DE black-footed ferret; experimental infection; ferret; Mustela eversmannii; Mustela nigripes; plague; Siberian polecat; Yersinia pestis ID TAILED PRAIRIE DOGS; EXPERIMENTAL-INFECTION; PLAGUE; CATS AB To determine if the Siberian polecat (Mustela eversmannii) represents a suitable model for the study of plague pathogenesis and prevention in the black-footed ferret (Mustela nigripes), polecats were exposed to 10(3), 10(7) or 10(10) Yersinia pestis organisms by subcutaneous injection; an additional group was exposed to Y. pestis da ingestion of a plague-killed mouse. Plague killed 88% of polecats exposed to Y. pestis (71% mortality in the 10(3) group, 100% mortality in the 10(7) and 10(10) groups, and 83% mortality in the mouse-fed group), Within the challenged group, mean day of death post-challenge ranged from 3.6 to 7.6 days; all polecats died on or before day 12 post-challenge. Animals receiving the lowest parenteral dose survived significantly longer than those receiving higher parenteral doses. Within challenged animals, mean survival time was lower in those presenting vith significant weight loss by day 3, lethargy, and low fecal output; time to onset of lethargy and other signs was also related to risk of dying and/or plague dose. Six polecats developed serum antibody titers to the Y. pestis F1 protein. Three seropositive polecats survived the initial challenge and a subsequent exposure to a plague-killed mouse, while two seropositive animals later died. This study confirms that the Siberian polecat is susceptible to plague and suggests that this species will offer an appropriate surrogate for black-footed ferrets in future plague studies and related vaccine trials. C1 US Geol Survey, Midcontinental Ecol Sci Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Bacterial Zoonoses Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Prevent Med & Biometr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Castle, KT (reprint author), 2411 Dalton Dr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 5 PU WILDLIFE DISEASE ASSN, INC PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0090-3558 J9 J WILDLIFE DIS JI J. Wildl. Dis. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 37 IS 4 BP 746 EP 754 PG 9 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 491XH UT WOS:000172135000010 PM 11763738 ER PT J AU Malarcher, AM Casper, ML Koffamn, DMM Brownstein, JN Croft, J Mensah, GA AF Malarcher, AM Casper, ML Koffamn, DMM Brownstein, JN Croft, J Mensah, GA TI Women and cardiovascular disease: Addressing disparities through prevention research and a national comprehensive state-based program SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; STROKE; RISK C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Malarcher, AM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Mensah, George/0000-0002-0387-5326 NR 24 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 10 IS 8 BP 717 EP 724 DI 10.1089/15246090152636451 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 490UF UT WOS:000172070000002 PM 11703882 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Gehr, T Jarvis, WR Anderson, J Armistead, N Miller, ER Parrish, J Qaiyumi, S Arduino, M Holt, SC Tenover, FC Westbrook, G Light, P AF Tokars, JI Gehr, T Jarvis, WR Anderson, J Armistead, N Miller, ER Parrish, J Qaiyumi, S Arduino, M Holt, SC Tenover, FC Westbrook, G Light, P TI Vancomycin-resistant enterococci colonization in patients at seven hemodialysis centers SO KIDNEY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE pathogen; bacterial infection; infection control; transmission of VRE; ESRD; epidemic; chronic hemodialysis ID UNIVERSITY MEDICAL-CENTER; BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; RISK-FACTORS; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; CEFAZOLIN; FAECIUM; THERAPY; UNITS AB Background. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are increasing in prevalence at many institutions, and are often reported in dialysis patients. We studied the prevalence of and risk factors for VRE at seven outpatient hemodialysis centers (three in Baltimore, MD, USA, and four in Richmond, VA, USA). Methods. Rectal or stool cultures were performed on consenting hemodialysis patients during December 1997 to April 1998. Consenting patients were recultured during May to July 1998 (median 120 days later). Clinical and laboratory data and functional status (1 to 10 scale: 1, normal function; 9, home attendant, not totally disabled; 10, disabled, living at home) were recorded. Results. Of 478 cultures performed, 20 (4.2%) were positive for VRE. Among the seven centers, the prevalence of VRE-positive cultures varied from 1.0 to 7.9%. Independently significant risk factors for a VRE-positive culture were a functional score of 9 to 10 (odds ratio 6.9, P < 0.001), antimicrobial receipt within 90 days before culture (odds ratio 6.1, P < 0.001), and a history of injection drug use (odds ratio 5.4, P = 0.004). Conclusions. VRE-colonized patients were present at all seven participating centers, suggesting that careful infection-control precautions should be used at all centers to limit transmission. In agreement with previous studies, VRE colonization was more frequent in patients who had received antimicrobial agents recently, underscoring the importance of judicious antimicrobial use in limiting selection for this potential pathogen. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Nephrol, Richmond, VA USA. Johns Hopkins Bayview Med Ctr, Div Renal Med, Baltimore, MD USA. Mid Atlantic Renal Coalit, Richmond, VA USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Nephrol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Microbiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 38 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0085-2538 J9 KIDNEY INT JI Kidney Int. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 60 IS 4 BP 1511 EP 1516 DI 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.00955.x PG 6 WC Urology & Nephrology SC Urology & Nephrology GA 474VF UT WOS:000171127000032 PM 11576366 ER PT J AU Campbell, CE Schmale, MC AF Campbell, CE Schmale, MC TI Distribution of a novel infectious agent in healthy and diseased bicolor damselfish in Florida and the Caribbean SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POMACENTRUS-PARTITUS; NEUROFIBROMATOSIS; PISCES; REEFS; MODEL; PCR AB The disease damselfish neurofibromatosis (DNF) affects bicolor damselfish (Stegastes partitus) on reefs in Florida. This disease consists of peripheral nerve sheath and pigment cell tumors that are eventually fatal. The development of DNF is correlated with the appearance of unusual, extrachromosomal DNAs in affected fish that appear to be the genome of an undescribed, virus-like agent. Probes derived from these sequences were used to determine the distribution of this agent in diseased and healthy fish from several reefs in South Florida and from selected locations elsewhere in the range of this species. These analyses demonstrated that naturally diseased fish exhibited high levels of these DNAs in tumors and, to a lesser extent, in unaffected tissues. Fish with experimentally induced DNF exhibited similar levels of this DNA. Healthy adult fish had either no detectable levels of this DNA or very low levels, depending on the sensitivity of the detection technique used. Healthy adults from high disease prevalence reefs were more likely to test positive for this DNA than those from low disease reefs. Juvenile damselfish never contained detectable levels of this agent. Very low levels of this DNA were also detected in healthy fish from the Caribbean and the Bahamas. Dose-response experiments using tumor-derived cell lines indicated that tumor development was directly related to exposure dosages and that very low concentrations of this material did not yield tumor development. Taken together, these data indicate that high levels of this agent were correlated with the appearance of this disease and the very low levels often observed in healthy fish were not a predictor of tumor development. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schmale, MC (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 139 IS 4 BP 777 EP 786 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 487DW UT WOS:000171859200019 ER PT J AU Tiffany-Castiglioni, E Guerri, C Aschner, M Matsushima, GK O'Callaghan, JP Streit, WJ AF Tiffany-Castiglioni, E Guerri, C Aschner, M Matsushima, GK O'Callaghan, JP Streit, WJ TI Roles of glia in developmental neurotoxicity: Session VI summary and research needs SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Biomed Res Fdn, Inst Cytol Invest, Valencia, Spain. Wake Forest Univ, Dept Physiol & Pharmacol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Neurosci, Chapel Hill, NC USA. NIOSH, Mol Neurotoxicol Lab, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV USA. Univ Florida, Dept Neurosci, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. RP Tiffany-Castiglioni, E (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Anat & Publ Hlth, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Guerri, Consuelo/B-5181-2014 NR 0 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 5 BP 567 EP 573 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(01)00071-7 PG 7 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 502LL UT WOS:000172745000005 PM 11770877 ER PT J AU Little, AR O'Callaghan, JP AF Little, AR O'Callaghan, JP TI Astrogliosis in the adult and developing CNS: Is there a role for proinflammatory cytokines? SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 18th International Neurotoxicology Conference (NTX 18) CY SEP 23-26, 2000 CL COLORADO SPRINGS, COLORADO DE astrogliosis; gliosis; GFAP; cytokines; chemokines; inflammation; CNS ID CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; FIBRILLARY ACIDIC PROTEIN; BLOOD-BRAIN-BARRIER; EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1; EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; INTERLEUKIN-1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; MIDBRAIN DOPAMINERGIC-NEURONS; LEUKEMIA INHIBITORY FACTOR AB Astrogliosis, characterized by the enhanced expression of GFAP, represents a remarkably homotypic response of astrocytes to all types of injuries of the CNS, including injuries of the developing CNS. As such, astrocytes serve as microsensors of the injured microenvironment regardless of their location in the CNS. The diversity of insults that engender astrogliosis and the brain-wide nature of the astrocytic response suggest that common injury factors serve as the trigger of this cellular reaction. One prominent theme that has emerged in recent years is that proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines serve as a stimulus for induction of astrogliosis. Here we present a brief critique of this hypothesis based on a review of literature and some of our own recent findings. Studies of astrocytes, in vitro, clearly indicate that these cell types are responsive to a variety of growth factors, including cytokines and chemokines. A somewhat different picture, however can be seen from data obtained in vivo. It is trite that trauma and diseases of the nervous system, as well as some exposures to neurotoxic chemicals, can be associated with the expression in brain of large varieties of cytokines and chemokines. That these same conditions result in astrogliosis has fostered the circumstantial link between cytokine/chemokine expression and the induction of astrogliosis. Several lines of evidence argue against this view, including (a) suppression of cytokine expression does not suppress gliosis, (b) gliosis can occur in the absence of enhanced expression of cytokines, (c) elevations in brain cytokines can occur in the absence of gliosis and (d) the patterns of cytokine expression in the adult and developing CNS are more consistent with a trophic role for these chemical messengers rather than a role in the induction of inflammation. Enhanced expression of cytokines and chemokines after brain injury appear to be signal transduction events unrelated to the induction of astrogliosis. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP O'Callaghan, JP (reprint author), NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013; Little, A/O-6191-2014 OI Little, A/0000-0001-6831-0177 NR 189 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD OCT PY 2001 VL 22 IS 5 BP 607 EP 618 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(01)00032-8 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 502LL UT WOS:000172745000010 PM 11770882 ER PT J AU Jamieson, DJ Duerr, A Klein, RS Paramsothy, P Brown, W Cu-Uvin, S Rompalo, A Sobel, J AF Jamieson, DJ Duerr, A Klein, RS Paramsothy, P Brown, W Cu-Uvin, S Rompalo, A Sobel, J TI Longitudinal analysis of bacterial vaginosis: Findings from the HIV epidemiology research study SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; VAGINAL FLORA; PREGNANT-WOMEN; INFECTION; DISTURBANCES; ACQUISITION; VAGINITIS; DISEASE; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history of bacterial vaginosis in women with or at risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: A cohort of 854 HIV-infected women and 434 HIV-uninfected women from four US sites was followed prospectively with gynecologic exams every 6 months over a 5-year period. The prevalence, incidence, persistence, and severity of bacterial vaginosis, which was defined using a Gram-staining scoring system, were calculated using generalized estimating equation methods. RESULTS: In adjusted analyses, HIV-infected women had a higher prevalence of bacterial vaginosis than HIV-uninfected women (adjusted odds ratio (OR] 1.29; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08, 1.55). Although HIV-infected women were not more likely to have incident infections, they were more likely to have persistence of their infections (adjusted OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.18, 1.89). Similarly, immunocompromised women (CD4+ cell count less than 200 cells/muL) were more likely than HIV-infected women with higher CD4+ cell counts (more than 500 cells/muL) to have prevalent (adjusted OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.03,1.60) and persistent (adjusted OR 1.38; 95% Cl 1.01, 1.91) bacterial vaginosis infections, but not more likely to have incident infections. Immunocompromised women had more severe bacterial vaginosis by both clinical criteria (adjusted OR 1.40; 95% Cl 1.08, 1.82) and by Gram-staining criteria (adjusted OR 1.50; 95% CI 1.12,2.00). CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial vaginosis is more prevalent and persistent among HIV-infected women, particularly among those who are immunocompromised. Immunocompromised women are more likely than HIV-infected women with higher CD4+ cell counts to have severe bacterial vaginosis. (C) 2001 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.) C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Klemm Anal Grp Inc, Atlanta, GA USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pathol, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Miriam Hosp, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Mem Hosp, Dept Med, Providence, RI USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. RP Jamieson, DJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Mailstop E-45,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. FU PHS HHS [U64/CCU506831, U64/CCU106795, U64/CCU206798, U64/CCU306802] NR 22 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 98 IS 4 BP 656 EP 663 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01525-3 PG 8 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 478XT UT WOS:000171374400023 PM 11576584 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Calvert, G Ketchum, N Michalek, J AF Steenland, K Calvert, G Ketchum, N Michalek, J TI Dioxin and diabetes mellitus: an analysis of the combined NIOSH and Ranch Hand data SO OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE dioxin; diabetes; TCDD ID 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN TCDD; ARSENIC EXPOSURE; WORKERS; SERUM; MORTALITY; GLUCOSE; COHORT AB Objectives-To reanalyze in a similar manner the two principal studies of TCDD (tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) and diabetes in an attempt to reconcile disparate results. Methods-Data from 990 United States Air Force veterans (Ranch Hand) and 1275 referents were reanalyzed, and a NIOSH population of 267 chemical workers and 227 referents. The Ranch Hand veterans had lower concentrations of lipid adjusted serum TCDD (median 12 parts per trillion (ppt)) than the NIOSH workers (median 75 ppt) when examined in the late 1980s. An analysis was conducted of the combined data sets, adopting a uniform approach to outcome definition, data analysis, and covariate control. Results-The combined exposed groups did not differ markedly from the combined non-exposed groups for prevalence of diabetes (odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.92 to 1.48), with no evidence of heterogeneity of exposure effect between studies. Also virtually no difference was found between combined exposed and non-exposed groups in mean fasting serum glucose (difference in log serum glucose 0.002, 95% C1 -0.006 to 0.010), and there was little evidence in either study of a dose-response trend for fasting serum glucose. An increasing trend was found (p=0.0001) in prevalence of diabetes with increased TCDD (at the time of examination or at time of last exposure) among the Ranch Hand population, with excess risk largely confined to the highest 8% of the exposed group (> 78 ppt serum TCDD), which had an OR of 3.21 (95% CI 1.81 to 5.72) versus those with < 10 ppt TCDD. However, no such positive dose-response was found in the NIOSH population. Conclusions-There was little overall evidence that the exposed workers were at higher risk than the non-exposed workers of diabetes or abnormal fasting glucose. However, the Ranch Hand subjects showed a positive dose-response for diabetes, whereas the more highly exposed NIOSH subjects did not. The reason for the difference in diabetes dose-response trends between the two studies is unknown. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 20 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 1 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1351-0711 J9 OCCUP ENVIRON MED JI Occup. Environ. Med. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 58 IS 10 BP 641 EP 648 DI 10.1136/oem.58.10.641 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 475JY UT WOS:000171161900006 PM 11555685 ER PT J AU Wong, LYC Paulozzi, LJ AF Wong, LYC Paulozzi, LJ TI Survival of infants with spina bifida: a population study, 1979-94 SO PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SURVEILLANCE AB This study aimed to investigate the survival of infants born with spina bifida between 1979 and 1994 from the population-based Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program (MACDP) and to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with survival. Survival status was obtained from MACDP records and the National Death Index. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Risk factors potentially associated with survival were examined by the log-rank test. We assessed the independent effect of risk factors using the Cox proportional hazards model. Overall, 78.4% of children with spina bifida survived during the study period. Of the 235 infants born with spina bifida, 87.2% survived the first year of life. Survival to age 1 for the 1979-83, 1984-88 and 1989-94 birth cohorts was 82.7%, 88.5% and 91.0% respectively. In multivariable analysis, factors associated with increased mortality were low birthweight (<2500g) (vs. 2500g, relative risk (RR) 2.3 [95% CI 1.1, 4.9]) and high lesions (vs. low lesions, RR 3.4 [95% CI 1.6, 7.1]). This study suggests a continuous improvement in survival among children born with spina bifida in Atlanta. Demographic and clinical factors are associated with length of survival. Thus information is useful for both clinicians and families who need to plan for the long-term care of these children. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, Div Birth Defects Child Dev & Disabil & Hlth, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Wong, LYC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, Div Birth Defects Child Dev & Disabil & Hlth, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 14 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-5022 J9 PAEDIATR PERINAT EP JI Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 15 IS 4 BP 374 EP 378 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2001.00371.x PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Pediatrics GA 491FU UT WOS:000172098600009 PM 11703686 ER PT J AU Cummins, SK Jackson, RJ AF Cummins, SK Jackson, RJ TI The built environment and children's health SO PEDIATRIC CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Review ID BLOOD LEAD LEVELS; NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEYS; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; NATIONAL-HEALTH; AIR-POLLUTION; RESPIRATORY SYMPTOMS; INHALED ALLERGEN; CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; HOME DAMPNESS; UNITED-STATES AB The built environment embraces a wide range of concepts, from the design and integrity of housing, to land-use urban planning. A high-quality environment is essential for children to achieve optimal health and development. Building and land-use policies, including the quality and design of a child's physical environment, can cause or prevent illness, disability, and injury, and can degrade or preserve natural resources. Though many common pediatric conditions such as obesity, asthma, and lead poisoning, as well as injuries, are associated with risk factors within a child's built environment, this issue has received little attention from researchers or policymakers. This new field is ripe for etiologic and prevention research, and we need pediatric advocates to speak out for children's needs within this arena. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cummins, SK (reprint author), Hubert H Humphrey Bldg,Room 317B,200 Independence, Washington, DC 20201 USA. NR 105 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 20 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0031-3955 J9 PEDIATR CLIN N AM JI Pediatr. Clin. N. Am. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 48 IS 5 BP 1241 EP + DI 10.1016/S0031-3955(05)70372-2 PG 13 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 474AD UT WOS:000171081400013 PM 11579672 ER PT J AU Beck-Sague, CM AF Beck-Sague, CM TI Child sexual abuse and human papillomavirus infection SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Beck-Sague, CM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2001 VL 108 IS 4 BP 1045 EP 1045 DI 10.1542/peds.108.4.1045 PG 1 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 478AC UT WOS:000171319600056 PM 11587023 ER PT J AU Fry, AM Lurie, P Gidley, M Schmink, S Lingappa, J Fischer, M Rosenstein, NE AF Fry, AM Lurie, P Gidley, M Schmink, S Lingappa, J Fischer, M Rosenstein, NE TI Haemophilus influenzae type b disease among Amish children in Pennsylvania: Reasons for persistent disease SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Hib vaccine; Amish ID CONJUGATE VACCINES; RUBELLA; MEASLES AB Objective. To identify reservoirs of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) pharyngeal carriage and assess barriers to vaccination among 2 Amish communities in Pennsylvania. Methods. We investigated recent cases, performed community surveys for Hib vaccination coverage and pharyngeal carriage, and administered a questionnaire assessing vaccination knowledge and attitudes to 298 members of 2 Amish communities (A and B) in Pennsylvania and, as a comparison group, 136 non-Amish family members who participated in state immunization clinics. From December 1999 to February 2000, 8 cases of invasive Hib disease occurred among children who were 5 years of age or younger in Pennsylvania. Six of the case-patients were from Amish communities. None of the children had been vaccinated. Results. Among children who were 5 years of age or younger, Hib vaccine coverage was low in the 2 Amish communities: A (9 [28%] of 32) and B (3 [7%] of 41) compared with the non-Amish group (19 [95%] of 20). Hib carriage prevalence was higher in both Amish communities than in the non-Amish group (A: 3%; B: 8%; non-Amish: 0%). More households in community B had 1 or more Hib carriers than in community A (8 [28%] of 29 vs 3 [9%] of 32). Among Amish parents who did not vaccinate their children, only 25% (13 of 51) identified either religious or philosophical objections as a factor; 51% (26 of 51) reported that vaccinating was not a priority compared with other activities of daily life. Seventy-three percent (36 of 49) would vaccinate their children if vaccination were offered locally. Conclusions. Undervaccinated communities in the United States still exist and allow circulation of Hib strains, resulting in disease among susceptible children. Identification of undervaccinated populations, such as the Amish, and targeted education and vaccination campaigns are essential to achieving elimination of Hib disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Penn Dept Hlth, Harrisburg, PA 17108 USA. RP Rosenstein, NE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI gidley, maribeth/B-8335-2014 OI gidley, maribeth/0000-0001-9583-8073 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2001 VL 108 IS 4 BP art. no. EP e60 DI 10.1542/peds.108.4.e60 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 478AC UT WOS:000171319600003 PM 11581468 ER PT J AU McCarthy, TA Barrett, NL Hadler, JL Salsbury, B Howard, RT Dingman, DW Brinkman, CD Bibb, WF Cartter, ML AF McCarthy, TA Barrett, NL Hadler, JL Salsbury, B Howard, RT Dingman, DW Brinkman, CD Bibb, WF Cartter, ML TI Hemolytic-uremic syndrome and Escherichia coli O121 at a Lake in Connecticut, 1999 SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Shiga toxin-producing E coli; enterohemorrhagic E coli; hemolytic uremic syndrome; gastroenteritis ID SHIGA-LIKE TOXIN; SERUM ANTIBODIES; IMMUNOMAGNETIC SEPARATION; MULTIPLEX PCR; O157-H7; INFECTIONS; DIARRHEA; STRAINS; CHILDREN; SEROTYPE AB Objective. Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have emerged as an important public health problem. Outbreaks attributed to non-O157 STEC rarely are reported. In 1999, follow-up of routine surveillance reports of children with hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) identified a small cluster of 3 cases of HUS, all of whom had spent overlapping time in a Connecticut lake community in the week before onset of symptoms. We conducted an investigation to determine the magnitude and source of the outbreak and to determine risk factors associated with the transmission of illness. Methods. We conducted a cohort study and an environmental investigation. The study population included all people who were at the lake in a defined geographic area during July 16-25, 1999. This time and area were chosen on the basis of interviews with the 3 HUS case-patients. A case was defined as diarrhea ( 3 loose stools/d for greater than or equal to3 days) in a person who was at the lake during July 16-25, 1999. Stool samples were requested from any lake resident with diarrheal illness. Stools were cultured for Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and E coli O157. Broth cultures of stools were tested for Shiga toxin. Case-patients were asked to submit a serum specimen for antibody testing to lipopolysaccharides of selected STEC. Environmental samples from sediment, drinking water, lake water, and ice were obtained and cultured for E coli and tested for Shiga toxin. An environmental evaluation of the lake was conducted to identify any septic, water supply system, or other environmental condition that could be related to the outbreak. Results. Information was obtained for 436 people from 165 (78%) households. Eleven (2.5%) people had illnesses that met the case definition, including the 3 children with HUS. The attack rate was highest among those who were younger than 10 years and who swam in the lake on July 17 or 18 (12%; relative risk [RR]: 7.3). Illness was associated with swimming (RR = 8.3) and with swallowing water while swimming (RR = 7.0) on these days. No person who swam only after July 18 developed illness. Clinical characteristics of case-patients included fever (27%), bloody diarrhea (27%), and severe abdominal cramping (73%). Only the 3 children with HUS required hospitalization. No bacterial pathogen was isolated from the stool of any case-patient. Among lake residents outside the study area, E coli O121: H19 was obtained from a Shiga toxin-producing isolate from a toddler who swam in the lake. Serum was obtained from 7 of 11 case-patients. Six of 7 case-patients had E coli O121 antibody titers that ranged from 1:320 to >1:20 480. E coli indicative of fecal contamination was identified from sediment and water samples taken from a storm drain that emptied into the beach area and from a stream bed located between 2 houses, but no Shiga toxin-producing strain was identified. Conclusions. Our findings are consistent with a transient local beach contamination in mid-July, probably with E coli O121: H19, which seems to be able to cause severe illness. Without HUS surveillance, this outbreak may have gone undetected by public health officials. This outbreak might have been detected sooner if Shiga toxin screening had been conducted routinely in HUS cases. Laboratory testing that relies solely on the inability of an isolate to ferment sorbitol will miss non-O157 STEC, such as E coli O121. Serologic testing can be used as an adjunct in the diagnosis of STEC infections. Lake-specific recommendations included education, frequent water sampling, and alternative means for toddlers to use lake facilities. C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Program Epidemiol, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. E Haddam Hlth Dept, E Haddam, CT USA. Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Lab Div, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. Connecticut Agr Expt Stn, New Haven, CT 06504 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McCarthy, TA (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth, Div Infect Dis, Program Epidemiol, Hartford, CT 06134 USA. NR 38 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD OCT PY 2001 VL 108 IS 4 AR e59 DI 10.1542/peds.108.4.e59 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 478AC UT WOS:000171319600002 PM 11581467 ER PT J AU Strikas, RA Schmidt, JV Weaver, DL Wolfe, CR AF Strikas, RA Schmidt, JV Weaver, DL Wolfe, CR TI Immunizations - Recommendations and resources for active patients SO PHYSICIAN AND SPORTSMEDICINE LA English DT Review ID IMMUNITY; INFECTION; EXERCISE AB Although childhood vaccination rates are at an all-time high, those for adolescents and adults are suboptimal. Ali adolescents and adults should be immunized against measles, mumps, rubella, varicella, tetanus, and diphtheria, and many should also receive hepatitis A, hepatitis B, influenza, and pneumococcal vaccines. In addition, active patients who engage in outdoor activities may benefit from vaccination against Lyme and meningococcal disease. Regular, strenuous exercise and foreign travel may increase the risk of some infectious diseases. Athletes often see a physician only for sports physical exams and injuries, so It Is important for providers to take the opportunity to vaccinate patients during these visits. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Weaver, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE,Mailstop E-52, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MCGRAW HILL HEALTHCARE PUBLICATIONS PI MINNEAPOLIS PA 4530 WEST 77TH ST, MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55435-5000 USA SN 0091-3847 J9 PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED JI Physician Sportsmed. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 29 IS 10 BP 33 EP + PG 9 WC Primary Health Care; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences SC General & Internal Medicine; Orthopedics; Sport Sciences GA 482DJ UT WOS:000171559300004 PM 20086549 ER PT J AU De Roos, AJ Arab, L Renner, JB Craft, N Luta, G Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM AF De Roos, AJ Arab, L Renner, JB Craft, N Luta, G Helmick, CG Hochberg, MC Jordan, JM TI Serum carotenoids and radiographic knee osteoarthritis: the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project SO PUBLIC HEALTH NUTRITION LA English DT Article DE carotenoids; knee osteoarthritis; radiographic osteoarthritis; antioxidants; biomarkers ID BETA-CAROTENE; ANTIOXIDANT VITAMINS; RISK-FACTORS; DISEASE; LUTEIN; MICRONUTRIENTS; PREVENTION; SUPPLEMENT; ARTHRITIS; PROTECT AB Objective: Antioxidant intake has been associated with less progression of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA), but studies of carotenoid biomarkers and OA have not been done. We examined associations between serum concentrations of nine naturally occurring carotenoids and radiographic knee OA. Design: The study design was matched case-control. Sera were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography for nine carotenoids: lutein, zeaxanthin, alpha- and beta-cryptoxanthin, trans- and cis-lycopene, alpha-carotene, and trans- and cis-beta-carotene. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association between tertiles of each carotenoid and radiographic knee OA, independent of body mass index, education, serum cholesterol, and the other carotenoids. Setting: Johnston County, North Carolina, United States of America. Subjects: Two-hundred cases with radiographic knee OA (Kellgren-Lawrence grades greater than or equal to2) and 200 controls (Kellgren-Lawrence grade=0) were randomly selected from the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project, and were matched on age, gender and race. Results: Participants with serum levels of lutein or beta-cryptoxanthin in the highest tertile were approximately 70% less likely to have knee OA than controls (odds ratio (OR) [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.28 [0.11, 0.73] and 0.36 [0.14, 0.95], respectively). Those in the highest tertile of trans-beta-carotene (OR = 6.40 [1.86, 22.1]) and zeaxanthin (OR = 3.06 [1.19, 7.85]) were more likely to have knee OA. Conclusions: While certain carotenoids may protect against knee OA, others may increase the odds of knee OA. Further study of carotenoids and knee OA are warranted before clinical recommendations about these substances and knee OA can be made. C1 Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Nutr, Sch Publ Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Craft Technol Inc, Wilson, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, Dept Biostat, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Jordan, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Thurston Arthritis Res Ctr, Dept Epidemiol & Nutr, Sch Publ Hlth, 3310 Doc J Thurston Jr Bldg,CB 7330, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. FU NIAMS NIH HHS [5-P60-AR30701]; NIDDK NIH HHS [DK56350] NR 35 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU C A B I PUBLISHING PI WALLINGFORD PA C/O PUBLISHING DIVISION, WALLINGFORD OX10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1368-9800 J9 PUBLIC HEALTH NUTR JI Public Health Nutr. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 4 IS 5 BP 935 EP 942 DI 10.1079/PHN2001132 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 520TY UT WOS:000173798500002 PM 11784406 ER PT J AU Niemeier, RW Obadia, I AF Niemeier, RW Obadia, I TI International chemical safety cards and global harmonization SO SAFETY SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Conference of the Internation-Emergency-Management-Society (TIEMS 2000) CY 2000 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Int Emergency Management Soc DE MSDS; International Chemical Safety Cards; multiple languages; web site; global harmonization AB The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs) project began in 1986 and is an undertaking of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (UNEP, ILO and WHO). It is being developed in co-operation with the Commission of the European Communities. ICSCs are comprehensive, concise, and simple summaries of essential health and safety information on specific chemicals for use as basic information and training tools at the "shop floor" level by workers and employers. Although of international origin, they are not legally binding. The cards consist of a series of standard phrases on information collected, verified, and peer reviewed by internationally recognized experts, and taking into account advice from manufacturers and Poison Control Centers. Since the cards might be the principal information source in less developed areas or in small and medium size enterprises, their usefulness is increased by their availability in multiple languages. The cards make reference to existing classifications numbers and there is great similarity when compared with categories used in MSDSs; however, the information on the cards is abbreviated. standardized, and targeted for less technical readers. The cards are therefore considered complementary to the more detailed MSDSs. Approximately 60% of the goal of 2000 cards are now completed, including the periodic updates of existing cards. The ICSC serves as a model for disseminating chemical safety information to workers and is available in multiple languages on the Internet. The cards are part of the effort to achieve a globally harmonized system for the classification and labeling of chemicals. (C) 2001 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Int Labor Org, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Niemeier, RW (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-7535 J9 SAFETY SCI JI Saf. Sci. PD OCT-NOV PY 2001 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 107 EP 115 DI 10.1016/S0925-7535(01)00030-3 PG 9 WC Engineering, Industrial; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 471DV UT WOS:000170913100011 ER PT J AU Vuylsteke, B Ghys, PD Mah-bi, G Konan, Y Traore, M Wiktor, SZ Laga, M AF Vuylsteke, B Ghys, PD Mah-bi, G Konan, Y Traore, M Wiktor, SZ Laga, M TI Where do sex workers go for health care? A community based study in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS LA English DT Article DE sex workers; health care; Africa; Cote d'Ivoire ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; SEEKING BEHAVIOR; IVORY-COAST AB Objectives: To describe health seeking behaviour of female sex workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. Methods: A population based survey among a representative sample of 500 female sex workers and six focus group discussions. Results: The sites of first encounter for care for the last STI episode included a public hospital or health centre (28%), a private clinic (16%), a confidential clinic (13%), a pharmacy (13%), and the informal sector (23%). The agreement between preferred and actual services used was weak (kappa 0.16). Conclusions: Sex workers expressed interest in seeking STI care in a wide range of public and private healthcare facilities. Those services should be upgraded to better respond to their sexual health needs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 7 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 1368-4973 J9 SEX TRANSM INFECT JI Sex. Transm. Infect. PD OCT PY 2001 VL 77 IS 5 BP 351 EP 352 DI 10.1136/sti.77.5.351 PG 2 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 482FH UT WOS:000171564800017 PM 11588281 ER PT J AU Cantoni, G Padula, P Calderon, G Mills, J Herrero, E Sandoval, P Martinez, V Pini, N Larrieu, E AF Cantoni, G Padula, P Calderon, G Mills, J Herrero, E Sandoval, P Martinez, V Pini, N Larrieu, E TI Seasonal variation in prevalence of antibody to hantaviruses in rodents from southern Argentina SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; Andes virus; reservoirs; transmission; ecology; Oligoryzomys longicaudatus; Abrothrix longipilis ID PULMONARY SYNDROME; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; UNITED-STATES; OUTBREAK; RESERVOIR; VIRUS; CHILE AB We conducted a small mammal trapping study to investigate temporal variation in prevalence of infection in hantavirus reservoir populations in the Patagonian Andes mountain range, Rio Negro province, Argentina. Rodent blood samples collected in natural and periurban habitats and at the home of an hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) case patient were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Organ tissue samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequence analysis. Eight species of 1032 rodents were captured in 15 551 trap nights, giving an overall trap success of 6.6%. Hantavirus antibody was detected in 30 of 555 Oligoryzomys longicaudatus (reservoir of Andes virus), three of 411 Abrothrix longipilis, and one of 10 Loxodontomys micropus. Antibody prevalences in O. longicaudatus were 13.7% in spring 1996, 59.3% in summer 1996, 2.1% in autumn 1997, 12.4% in winter 1997 and 3.1% in spring 1997. A much higher antibody prevalence (33%) was found during trapping around the residence of an HPS case patient. Higher prevalences were found in older male O. longicaudatus. There was no apparent correlation of antibody prevalence with rodent population density, or of rodent population density or antibody prevalence with numbers of human cases. For an HPS case that occurred in our study area in 1997, we identified the probable rodent reservoir and likely site of exposure by matching the genetic sequences of virus obtained from a rodent and the HPS case patient. C1 Inst Nacl Enfermedades Infecciosas Anlis Malbran, Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. Inst Nacl Enfermedades Virales Humanas, Pergamino, Argentina. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. UN Pampa, Fac Ciencias Vet, Gen Pico, Argentina. RP Larrieu, E (reprint author), Laprida 240, RA-8500 Viedma, Argentina. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD OCT PY 2001 VL 6 IS 10 BP 811 EP 816 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00788.x PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 480RH UT WOS:000171475600010 PM 11679129 ER PT J AU Meng, JH Dai, X Chang, JC Lopareva, E Pillot, J Fields, HA Khudyakov, YE AF Meng, JH Dai, X Chang, JC Lopareva, E Pillot, J Fields, HA Khudyakov, YE TI Identification and characterization of the neutralization epitope(s) of the hepatitis E virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE hepatitis E virus; neutralization epitope; synthetic peptide; recombinant protein ID OPEN READING FRAME-2; SYNTHETIC PEPTIDE; CAPSID PROTEIN; C VIRUS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; CYNOMOLGUS MACAQUES; MOLECULAR-CLONING; FUSION PROTEIN; UNITED-STATES; IN-VITRO AB The neutralization epitope(s) of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) was studied by an in vitro neutralization assay using antibodies obtained by immunization of mice with 51 overlapping 30-mer synthetic peptides spanning the region 221-660 amino acids (aa) of the HEV open reading frame 2 encoded protein (pORF2) and 31 overlapping recombinant proteins of different sizes derived from the entire pORF2 of the HEV Burma strain. Antibodies against synthetic peptides and short recombinant proteins of similar to 100 as did not neutralize HEV, suggesting the HEV neutralization epitope(s) is conformation-dependent. However, one recombinant protein of similar to 400 as in length comprising the pORF2 sequence at position 274-660 as as well as all truncated derivatives of this protein containing region 452-617 as elicited antibodies, demonstrating HEV neutralizing activity. These findings establish for the first time that the minimal size fragment, designated pB166, that can efficiently model the neutralization epitope(s) is 166 as in length and is located at position 452-617 as of the HEV pORF2. Additionally, antibodies against pB166 were found to cross-neutralize three different HEV genotypes, suggesting that a common neutralization epitope(s) may exist within the different HEV genotypes. Thus, recombinant proteins constructed in this study may be considered as potential candidates for the development of an HEV subunit vaccine as well as for the development of highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 CDCP, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. SE Univ, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Sch Med, Nanjing 210009, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Med Sci, Inst Dermatol, Nanjing 210042, Peoples R China. Inst Pasteur, F-75724 Paris 15, France. RP Khudyakov, YE (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral Hepatitis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop A-33,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 78 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 30 PY 2001 VL 288 IS 2 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1006/viro.2001.1093 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 479WG UT WOS:000171426100003 PM 11601892 ER PT J AU Kaplan, JE Hanson, DL Jones, JL Dworkin, MS AF Kaplan, JE Hanson, DL Jones, JL Dworkin, MS CA Adult Adolescent Spectrum HIV Dis TI Viral load as an independent risk factor for opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE HIV; viral load; opportunistic infection; risk ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; MYCOBACTERIUM-AVIUM COMPLEX; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PROGNOSTIC VALUE; NATURAL-HISTORY; UNITED-STATES; CELL COUNT; RNA LEVELS; DISEASE; AIDS AB Objective: We investigated whether HIV plasma RNA (viral load; VL) predicts risk for opportunistic infections (OI) in HIV-infected persons, independent of CD4 lymphocyte count and other factors that might affect disease outcome. Methods: Among persons who had initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART), we studied the risk for OI following a VL measurement in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease (ASD) Project, a medical record review study of HIV-infected persons in 11 US cities. Analysis was limited to persons who had initiated ART and who had VL data, primarily from the period 1996-1999. Persons were considered at risk for OI for 1 to 6 months after a given VL; risk for OI was assessed using a Poisson multiple regression model controlling for CD4 lymphocyte count, ART, and other variables potentially associated with development of OI: history of AIDS OI, age, sex, race, HIV risk category, OI prophylaxis, and calendar year. Results: Although decreasing CD4 count was the strongest predictor of risk for OI [relative risk (RR), 13.3 for persons with CD4 lymphocyte count < 50 x 10(6)/l compared with persons with CD4 lymphocyte count 500 x 10(6)/l], increasing VL was independently associated with increased risk [RR, 1.6, 1.9, 2.7, and 3.5 for VL of 7000-19 999, 20 000-54 999, 55 000-149 999, and greater than or equal to 150 000 copies/ml (by reverse transcription-PCR), respectively, compared with VL < 400]. Similar results were obtained when the risk period was reduced to 5, 4, 3, and 2 months after VL measurement. Conclusions: VL is an independent risk factor for OI and should be considered in special situations, such as in decisions to discontinue primary or secondary OI prophylaxis after CD4 lymphocyte counts have increased in response to ART. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaplan, JE (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop D-21, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 28 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 14 BP 1831 EP 1836 DI 10.1097/00002030-200109280-00012 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 478XY UT WOS:000171375100012 PM 11579245 ER PT J CA CDC TI Update: Fatal and severe liver injuries associated with rifampin and pyrazinamide for latent tuberculosis infection, and revisions in American Thoracic Society/CDC recommendations - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 733-735, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, State Hlth Dept, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Terr Htlh Dept, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, State Hlth Dept, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 26 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 12 BP 1445 EP 1446 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 475UX UT WOS:000171188600011 ER PT J AU Hediger, ML Ruan, WJ Overpeck, MD Kuczmarski, R AF Hediger, ML Ruan, WJ Overpeck, MD Kuczmarski, R TI Breastfeeding and risk of overweight - Reply SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Maternal & Child Hlth Bur, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD USA. RP Hediger, ML (reprint author), NICHHD, Div Epidemiol Stat & Prevent Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 26 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 12 BP 1449 EP 1450 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 475UX UT WOS:000171188600016 ER PT J AU Meltzer, MI AF Meltzer, MI TI Introduction to health economics for physicians SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; MEDICAL LITERATURE; VACCINATION PROGRAM; CLINICAL-PRACTICE; UNITED-STATES; USERS GUIDES; QUALITY; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION; CHILDREN AB Since the 1960s, expenditure an health care in developed countries has risen faster than the general rate of inflation, thus making economic assessment of interventions an integral part of decision making in health services. This paper Is the first in a series whose goal is to provide some basic principles of health economics that will allow practising physicians to understand better the economic relations between their practice of medicine, the health-care sector, and the national economy. Some of the most important principles described in this paper include opportunity costs, identifying the appropriate perspective, correctly categorising costs, and discounting costs and non-monetary benefits (eg, lives saved) over time. Economic analyses of medical interventions must also take into consideration the difference between efficacy and effectiveness. Efficacy is the maximum possible benefit, often achieved with carefully controlled trials, and effectiveness is the actual decrease in disease achieved when the intervention is applied over a large, non-homogeneous population. This introduction ends with three methods of assessing the costs and benefits of an intervention-namely, cost-benefit, cost-effectiveness, and cost-utility analyses. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Meltzer, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop D-59,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 82 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 14 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 22 PY 2001 VL 358 IS 9286 BP 993 EP 998 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06107-4 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 474YR UT WOS:000171135300033 PM 11583768 ER PT J AU Grohskopf, LA Jarvis, WR AF Grohskopf, LA Jarvis, WR TI Serratia liquefaciens infections at a hemodialysis center. Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Grohskopf, LA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 20 PY 2001 VL 345 IS 12 BP 922 EP 923 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 473JW UT WOS:000171039600016 ER PT J AU Shireley, L Dwelle, T Streitz, D Schuler, L AF Shireley, L Dwelle, T Streitz, D Schuler, L CA CDC TI Human anthrax associated with an epizootic among livestock - North Dakota, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 677-680, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 N Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismarck, ND 58505 USA. N Dakota Dept Agr, Bismarck, ND USA. Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, USDA, Washington, DC USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Br, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shireley, L (reprint author), N Dakota Dept Hlth, Bismarck, ND 58505 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 19 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 11 BP 1307 EP 1308 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 473DJ UT WOS:000171024500009 ER PT J AU Simon, P Lightstone, A Zeng, Z Wold, C Fielding, J AF Simon, P Lightstone, A Zeng, Z Wold, C Fielding, J CA CDC TI Health-related quality of life - Los Angeles County, California, 1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 556-559, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID OF-LIFE; SURVEILLANCE C1 Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. CDC, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Br, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Simon, P (reprint author), Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA 90012 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 19 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 11 BP 1309 EP 1310 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 473DJ UT WOS:000171024500012 ER PT J AU Schuchat, A AF Schuchat, A TI Group B streptococcal disease: From trials and tribulations to triumph and trepidation SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY SEP 07-10, 2000 CL NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID SELECTIVE INTRAPARTUM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS; ONSET NEONATAL SEPSIS; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; RISK-FACTORS; COLONIZATION; PREVENTION; INFECTIONS; OPPORTUNITIES; TRANSMISSION; PROPHYLAXIS AB Group B streptococci garnered attention during the 1970s when they surpassed Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to become the principal causes of sepsis in early infancy. During the 1980s, several clinical trials demonstrated that administration of antimicrobial agents during labor could interrupt vertical transmission and prevent invasive disease in the first week of life (i.e., early-onset disease). However, prophylaxis was not widely used during the next 10 years. On the basis of efforts by clinician-researchers, professional organizations, community-based parent advocacy groups, and the public health community, consensus recommendations for group B streptococcal prophylaxis were finally issued in 1996. By the end of 1999, the incidence of early-onset disease in selected counties within the United States had decreased by 70%, and the gap between black and white persons with disease narrowed by 75%. This recent triumph leaves the professional community treading lightly, alert to the need to monitor for unintended consequences that may threaten recent progress. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 54 TC 40 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP 751 EP 756 DI 10.1086/322697 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 472PZ UT WOS:000170994700005 PM 11512078 ER PT J AU Moroney, JF Fiore, AE Harrison, LH Patterson, JE Farley, MM Jorgensen, JH Phelan, M Facklam, RR Cetron, MS Breiman, RF Kolczak, M Schuchat, A AF Moroney, JF Fiore, AE Harrison, LH Patterson, JE Farley, MM Jorgensen, JH Phelan, M Facklam, RR Cetron, MS Breiman, RF Kolczak, M Schuchat, A TI Clinical outcomes of bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia in the era of antibiotic resistance SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; PENICILLIN-RESISTANT; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; MANAGEMENT; INFECTIONS; ADULTS; GUIDELINES; MORTALITY AB Limited data are available about the impact of antimicrobial resistance on clinical outcomes in cases of pneumococcal pneumonia. This was studied in 146 persons hospitalized with invasive pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (minimum inhibitory concentration of cefotaxime, greater than or equal to 25 mug/mL) who were identified through population-based active surveillance for the period of November 1994 through April 1996. Compared with matched control subjects who had infection with more-susceptible S. pneumoniae, the proportion of subjects who died or who were admitted to an intensive care unit did not differ significantly. Multivariable analysis showed no significant contribution of antimicrobial resistance to mortality or the requirement for care in an intensive care unit. The ability to detect an effect of antimicrobial resistance on these important outcome measures may have been influenced by aggressive multidrug empirical therapy in this group of hospitalized patients. Factors other than resistance, such as severity of illness at presentation and advance directive status ("do not resuscitate" orders), appear to have a stronger influence on pneumococcal pneumonia outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Schuchat, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 89 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP 797 EP 805 DI 10.1086/322623 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 472PZ UT WOS:000170994700012 PM 11512085 ER PT J AU Braden, CR Morlock, GP Woodley, CL Johnson, KR Colombel, AC Cave, MD Yang, ZH Valway, SE Onorato, IM Crawford, JT AF Braden, CR Morlock, GP Woodley, CL Johnson, KR Colombel, AC Cave, MD Yang, ZH Valway, SE Onorato, IM Crawford, JT TI Simultaneous infection with multiple strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EXOGENOUS REINFECTION AB Drug-susceptible and drug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were recovered from 2 patients, 1 with isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis (patient 1) and another with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (patient 2). An investigation included patient interviews, record reviews, and genotyping of isolates. Both patients worked in a medical-waste processing plant. Transmission from waste was responsible for at least the multidrug-resistant infection. We found no evidence that specimens were switched or that cross-contamination of cultures occurred. For patient 1, susceptible and isoniazid-resistant isolates, collected 15 days apart, had 21 and 19 restriction fragments containing IS6110, 18 of which were common to both. For patient 2, a single isolate contained both drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant colonies, demonstrating 10 and 11 different restriction fragments, respectively. These observations indicate that simultaneous infections with multiple strains of M. tuberculosis occur in immunocompetent hosts and may be responsible for conflicting drug-susceptibility results, though the circumstances of infections in these cases may have been unusual. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr Human Immunodeficiency Virus Sexually Tr, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome STD & TB, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Atlanta, GA USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Seattle, WA USA. Cent Arkansas Vet Hlth Care Syst, Little Rock, AR USA. RP Braden, CR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Mailstop A-38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 17 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 6 BP E42 EP E47 DI 10.1086/322635 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 472PZ UT WOS:000170994700035 PM 11512106 ER PT J AU Bell, DM AF Bell, DM TI Promoting appropriate antimicrobial drug use: Perspective from the Centers for Disase Control and Prevention SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Arts-and-Sciences CY DEC, 1999 CL CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Acad Arts Sci ID THERAPEUTIC WORKING GROUP; ANTIBIOTIC USE; UNITED-STATES; PNEUMOCOCCAL RESISTANCE; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; JUDICIOUS USE; MANAGEMENT; VANCOMYCIN; HOSPITALS; CHILDREN AB Extending the useful life of antimicrobial drugs through appropriate use-that is, use that maximizes therapeutic impact while minimizing toxicity and the development of resistance-is an important component of efforts to prevent and control the emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance. The major paradigms of antimicrobial drug use involve acute infections in outpatients, acute infections in inpatients, chronic infections, and agriculture/veterinary medicine. The factors that influence drug use and the challenges that need to be addressed in promoting more appropriate use are different in each of these paradigms. For acute respiratory infections in outpatients, data from intervention trials suggest that concurrent multifaceted interventions may be effective in promoting appropriate drug prescribing. The next challenge is to extend these interventions to larger populations by incorporating them into routine medical practice. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bell, DM (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Code C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 33 SU 3 BP S245 EP S250 DI 10.1086/321857 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 473TG UT WOS:000171063700025 PM 11524727 ER PT J AU Tenover, FC AF Tenover, FC TI Development and spread of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents: An overview SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Arts-and-Sciences CY DEC, 1999 CL CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Acad Arts Sci ID SPECTRUM BETA-LACTAMASES; INTERMEDIATE STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; UNITED-STATES HOSPITALS; HIGH-LEVEL RESISTANCE; INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT; VANCOMYCIN-RESISTANT; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE; ENTEROCOCCUS-FAECIUM; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AB Resistance to antimicrobial agents is emerging in a wide variety of nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens. The emergence and spread of multiply resistant organisms represent the convergence of a variety of factors that include mutations in common resistance genes that extend their spectrum of activity, the exchange of genetic information among microorganisms, the evolution of selective pressures in hospitals and communities that facilitate the development and spread of resistant organisms, the proliferation and spread of multiply resistant clones of bacteria, and the inability of some laboratory testing methods to detect emerging resistance phenotypes. Twenty years ago, bacteria that were resistant to antimicrobial agents were easy to detect in the laboratory because the concentration of drug required to inhibit their growth was usually quite high and distinctly different from that of susceptible strains. Newer mechanisms of resistance, however, often result in much more subtle shifts in bacterial population distributions. Perhaps the most difficult phenotypes to detect, as shown in several proficiency testing surveys, are decreased susceptibility to beta -lactams in pneumococci and decreased susceptibility to vancomycin in staphylococci. In summary, emerging resistance has required adaptations and modifications of laboratory diagnostic techniques, empiric anti-infective therapy for such diseases as bacterial meningitis, and infection control measures in health care facilities of all kinds. Judicious use is imperative if we are to preserve our arsenal of antimicrobial agents into the next decade. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Nosocomial Pathogens Lab Branch, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot G08, 1800 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 110 TC 77 Z9 83 U1 4 U2 15 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 33 SU 3 BP S108 EP S115 DI 10.1086/321834 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 473TG UT WOS:000171063700002 PM 11524705 ER PT J AU Nordin, J Mullooly, J Poblete, S Strikas, R Petrucci, R Wei, FF Rush, B Safirstein, B Wheeler, D Nichol, KL AF Nordin, J Mullooly, J Poblete, S Strikas, R Petrucci, R Wei, FF Rush, B Safirstein, B Wheeler, D Nichol, KL TI Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing hospitalizations and deaths in persons 65 years or older in Minnesota, New York, and Oregon: Data from 3 health plans SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID ELDERLY PERSONS; A H3N2; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; 1989-90 EPIDEMIC; NURSING-HOME; EFFICACY; REDUCTION; MORTALITY; PNEUMONIA; OUTBREAK AB This study developed methods and determined the impact of influenza vaccination on elderly persons in 3 large health plans: Kaiser Permanente Northwest, HealthPartners, and Oxford Health Plans. Data for the 1996-1997 and 1997-1998 seasons were extracted from administrative databases. Subjects were health plan members greater than or equal to 65 years old. Comorbid conditions collected from the preceding year were used for risk adjustment with logistic regression. The virus-vaccine match was excellent for year 1 and fair for year 2. Both years, during peak and total periods, vaccination reduced all causes of death and hospitalization for pneumonia and influenza: hospitalizations were reduced by 19%-20% and 18%-24% for years 1 and 2, respectively, and deaths were reduced by 60%-61% and 35%-39% for the same periods. These results show that all elderly persons should be immunized annually for influenza. The methods used in this study are an efficient cost-effective way to study vaccine impact and similar questions. C1 HealthPartners Res Fdn, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Minneapolis, MN USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Med, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Kaiser Permanente NW, Portland, OR USA. Oxford Hlth Plans, New York, NY USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Nordin, J (reprint author), HealthPartners Res Fdn, POB 1524, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. NR 26 TC 152 Z9 161 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 6 BP 665 EP 670 DI 10.1086/323085 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 472PE UT WOS:000170992000001 PM 11517426 ER PT J AU Ahdieh, L Klein, RS Burk, R Cu-Uvin, S Schuman, P Duerr, A Safaeian, M Astemborski, J Daniel, R Shah, K AF Ahdieh, L Klein, RS Burk, R Cu-Uvin, S Schuman, P Duerr, A Safaeian, M Astemborski, J Daniel, R Shah, K TI Prevalence, incidence, and type-specific persistence of human papillomavirus in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and HIV-negative women SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT XIth International Conference on AIDS CY JUL 07-13, 1996 CL VANCOUVER, CANADA ID CERVICAL INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA; HIGH-RISK; SEROPOSITIVE WOMEN; INFECTION; CANCER; EPIDEMIOLOGY; WORLDWIDE; LESIONS; SMEAR AB Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and related immunosuppression are associated with excess risk for cervical neoplasia and human papillomavirus (HPV) persistence. Type-specific HPV infection was assessed at 6-month intervals for HIV-positive and HIV-negative women (median follow-up, 2.5 and 2.9 years, respectively). The type-specific incidence of HPV infection was determined, and risk factors for HPV persistence were investigated by statistical methods that accounted for repeated measurements. HIV-positive women were 1.8, 2.1, and 2.7 times more likely to have high-, intermediate-, and low-risk HPV infections, respectively, compared with HIV-negative women. In multivariate analysis, high viral signal, but not viral risk category, was independently associated with persistence among HIV-positive subjects (odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1-2.9). Furthermore, persistence was 1.9 (95% CI, 1.5-2.3) times greater if the subject had a CD4 cell count <200 cells/L (vs. >500 cells/muL). Thus, HIV infection and immunosuppression play an important role in modulating the natural history of HPV infection. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD USA. Montefiore Med Coll, Dept Epidemiol & Social Med, Bronx, NY USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Pediat, Bronx, NY USA. Miriam Hosp, Providence, RI 02906 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Detroit, MI 48201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ahdieh, L (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, 615 N Wolfe St,Rm E-7014, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 26 TC 182 Z9 194 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 6 BP 682 EP 690 DI 10.1086/323081 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 472PE UT WOS:000170992000003 PM 11517428 ER PT J AU Alonso-Echanove, J Shah, SS Valenti, AJ Dirrigl, SN Carson, LA Arduino, MJ Jarvis, WR AF Alonso-Echanove, J Shah, SS Valenti, AJ Dirrigl, SN Carson, LA Arduino, MJ Jarvis, WR TI Nosocomial outbreak of Microbacterium species bacteremia among cancer patients SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID GROUP A-4; ENDOPHTHALMITIS; INFECTIONS; SYSTEM AB To date, only 6 sporadic Microbacterium species (formerly coryneform Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] groups A-4 and A-5) infections have been reported. The source, mode of transmission, morbidity, mortality, and potential for nosocomial transmission of Microbacterium species remain unknown. From 26 July through 14 August 1997, 8 episodes of coryneform CDC group A-5 symptomatic bacteremia occurred in 6 patients on the oncology ward at the Maine Medical Center. One patient died. All isolates were identified at CDC as Microbacterium species and had identical DNA banding patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. To assess risk factors for Microbacterium species infection, a retrospective cohort study was conducted. The presence of a central venous catheter was the strongest risk factor (6/6 vs. 22/48; relative risk, 3.2; P < .0001). This outbreak demonstrates significant Microbacterium species-associated morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised populations and confirms the potential for epidemic nosocomial transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Maine Med Ctr, Infect Control Dept, Portland, ME 04102 USA. RP Alonso-Echanove, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, MS-E55,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012; OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X; Shah, Samir/0000-0001-7902-7000 NR 18 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 6 BP 754 EP 760 DI 10.1086/323080 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 472PE UT WOS:000170992000012 PM 11517437 ER PT J AU Steinberg, EB Greene, KD Bopp, CA Cameron, DN Wells, JG Mintz, ED AF Steinberg, EB Greene, KD Bopp, CA Cameron, DN Wells, JG Mintz, ED TI Cholera in the United States, 1995-2000: Trends at the end of the twentieth century SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 37th Annual Meeting of the Infectious-Diseases-Society-of-America CY NOV 18-21, 1999 CL PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA SP Infect Dis Soc Amer ID OUTBREAK; STRAINS AB To evaluate recent trends in cholera in the United States, surveillance data from all cases of laboratory-confirmed toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 infection reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1995 and 2000 were reviewed. Sixty-one cases of cholera, all caused by V. cholerae O1, were reported. There was 1 death, and 35 (57%) of the patients were hospitalized. Thirty-seven (61%) infections were acquired outside the United States; 14 (23%) were acquired through undercooked seafood consumed in the United States, 2 (3%) were acquired through sliced cantaloupe contaminated by an asymptomatically infected food handler, and no source was identified for 8 (13%) infections. The proportion of travel-associated infections resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, sulfisoxazole, streptomycin, and furazolidone increased from 7 (8%) of 88 in 1990-1994 to 11 (31%) of 35 in 1995-2000. Foreign travel and undercooked seafood continue to account for most US cholera cases. Antimicrobial resistance has increased among V. cholerae O1 strains isolated from ill travelers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Steinberg, EB (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd,A-38, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 6 BP 799 EP 802 DI 10.1086/322989 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 472PE UT WOS:000170992000020 PM 11517445 ER PT J AU Djimde, A Doumbo, OK Steketee, RW Plowe, CV AF Djimde, A Doumbo, OK Steketee, RW Plowe, CV TI Application of a molecular marker for surveillance of chloroquine-resistant falciparum malaria SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID MUTATIONS AB Drug-resistant falciparum malaria is increasing in Africa and so methods to map resistance on a broad scale are needed. A molecular marker for chloroquine resistance, pfcrt T76, can be used for surveillance of clinical chloroquine resistance. The prevalence of pfcrt T76 and the prevalence of clinical chloroquine resistance and therapeutic failure were measured at sentinel sites and used to calculate age-adjusted genotype-resistance Indices (GRIs) and genotype-failure Indices (GFIs). We found stable GRIs and GFIs at different sites In Mail, West Africa. This model permits mapping of chloroquine resistance using molecular tools in rapid and simple cross-sectional surveys. C1 Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Malaria Sect, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Univ Mali, Fac Med Pharm & Dent, Dept Epidemiol & Parasit Dis, Malaria Res & Training Ctr, Bamako, Mali. NIAID, Malaria Genet Sect, Parasit Dis Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Malaria Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Plowe, CV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vaccine Dev, Malaria Sect, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [N01-AI-85346, 5P50AI39469] NR 5 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 2 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 358 IS 9285 BP 890 EP 891 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06040-8 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 474CP UT WOS:000171087000013 PM 11567708 ER PT J AU Krug, LT Inoue, N Pellett, PE AF Krug, LT Inoue, N Pellett, PE TI Differences in DNA binding specificity among Roseolovirus origin binding proteins SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE human herpesvirus 6; HHV-6; human herposvirus 7; HHV-7; origin binding protein; DNA replication initiation; herpesvirus ID SIMPLEX VIRUS ORIGIN; HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 6B; LYTIC-PHASE ORIGIN; REPLICATION ORIGIN; VIRAL ORIGIN; UL9 PROTEIN; SEQUENCE; IDENTIFICATION; ORIS; DOMAIN AB The Roseolovirus genus of the Betaherpesvirinae consists of the very closely related viruses, human herpesvirus 6 variants A and B (HHV-6A and HHV-6B) plus the somewhat more distantly related human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7). The roseoloviruses each encode a homolog of the alpha herpesvirus origin binding protein (OBP) which is required for lytic DNA replication. In contrast, members of the other betaherpesvirus genera, the cytomegaloviruses, initiate DNA replication by a different mechanism. To better understand the basis of roseolovirus OBP sequence specificity, we investigated their ability to recognize each other's binding sites, HHV-6A OBP (OBPH6A) and HHV-6B OBP (OBPH6B) each bind to both of the HHV-7 OBP sites (OBP-1 and OBP-2) with similar strengths, which are also similar to their nearly equivalent interactions with their own sites. In contrast. HHV-7 OBP (OBPH7) had a gradient of binding preferences: HHV-7 OBP-2 > HHV-6 OBP-2 > HHV-7 OBP-1 > HHV-6 OBP-1. Thus, the roseolovirus OBPs are not equally reciprocal in their recognition of each other's OBP sites, suggesting that the sequence requirements for the interaction of OBPH7 at the OBP sites in its cognate or/Lyt differ from those of OBPH6A and OBPH6B. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Emory Univ, Microbiol & Mol Genet Program, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Pellett, PE (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop G-18, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Krug, Laurie/0000-0002-9648-522X NR 35 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD SEP 15 PY 2001 VL 288 IS 1 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1006/viro.2001.1066 PG 9 WC Virology SC Virology GA 472YC UT WOS:000171011700016 PM 11543667 ER PT J AU Jackson, LA Austin, G Chen, RT Stout, R DeStefano, F Gorse, GJ Newman, FK Yu, O Weniger, BG AF Jackson, LA Austin, G Chen, RT Stout, R DeStefano, F Gorse, GJ Newman, FK Yu, O Weniger, BG CA Vaccine Safety Datalink Study Grp TI Safety and immunogenicity of varying dosages of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine administered by needle-free jet injectors SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE influenza vaccine; jet injector; vaccine safety ID HEPATITIS-B; UNSAFE INJECTIONS; ADVERSE REACTIONS; DEVELOPING-WORLD; SURFACE-ANTIGEN; VIRUS; IMMUNIZATION; TRANSMISSION; SYRINGE AB To evaluate the perceived pain, other adverse events, and immunogenicity of influenza virus vaccine administered by needle-free jet injector (JI) compared with that of vaccine administered by needle and syringe (N&S), we randomly assigned 304 healthy young adults to receive one of three dosages (0.5, 0.3, or 0.2 ml) of the 1998-1999 season vaccine administered by either of two JI devices or by N&S. In multivariate analysis, female gender and JI administration were associated with higher levels of pain reported at the time of vaccination as well as with the occurrence of local injection site reactions following vaccination. Immune response did not vary significantly by dosage but administration by one JI device was associated with higher post-vaccination H1N1 antibody titers. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. PATH, Seattle, WA USA. CDC, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Bioject Inc, Portland, OR USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, St Louis, MO USA. St Louis Univ, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. RP Jackson, LA (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. OI Weniger, Bruce/0000-0002-5450-5464 FU NCRR NIH HHS [M01-RR-00037] NR 22 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 14 PY 2001 VL 19 IS 32 BP 4703 EP 4709 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00225-0 PG 7 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 473HR UT WOS:000171035500017 PM 11535320 ER PT J AU Li, H Hickman, CJ Helfand, RF Keyserling, H Anderson, LJ Bellini, WJ AF Li, H Hickman, CJ Helfand, RF Keyserling, H Anderson, LJ Bellini, WJ TI Induction of cytokine mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of infants after the first dose of measles vaccine SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE cytokine; infants; measles ID VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNITY; PROLIFERATION; INTERLEUKIN-5; ANTIBODIES; ACTIVATION; TH2 AB To better characterize the cytokine response to measles virus vaccine, we examined the levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12 and gamma -interferon (gamma -IFN) in measles virus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 18 donors before and 2 weeks after vaccination. Donors were grouped as seropositive or seronegative on the basis of measles-specific IgM antibody present at 2 weeks postvaccination. After vaccination, similar levels of upregulation of IL-2 and gamma -IFN mRNA were observed in the two groups. The majority of donors in both groups did not exhibit an increase in measles specific IL-4 or IL-10 mRNA after vaccination. IL-12 mRNA was not induced by measles virus in any of the donors. A statistically significant upregulation of IL-5 mRNA was observed among seropositive, (9/13) compared with seronegative (1/5) donors after vaccination (P = 0.09, one tailed Fisher's test). The observed measles specific induction of IL-5 mRNA is suggestive of a possible association between IL-5 production and an antibody response to measles virus. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Measles Sect MS D11, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Pediat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Li, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Measles Sect MS D11, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD SEP 14 PY 2001 VL 19 IS 32 BP 4896 EP 4900 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00227-4 PG 5 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 473HR UT WOS:000171035500040 PM 11535343 ER PT J CA CDC TI Temporal variations in school-associated student homicide and suicide events - United States, 1992-1999 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 657-660, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 US Dept Educ, Safe & Drug Free Sch Program, Washington, DC 20005 USA. US Dept Justice, Natl Inst Justice, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Div Violence Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Off Stat & Programming, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), US Dept Educ, Safe & Drug Free Sch Program, Washington, DC 20005 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 12 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 10 BP 1168 EP 1169 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 471CR UT WOS:000170910400012 ER PT J CA CDC TI National, state, and urban area vaccination coverage levels among children aged 19-35 months - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 637-641, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID IMMUNIZATION C1 CDC, Div Data Management, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC (reprint author), CDC, Div Data Management, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 12 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 10 BP 1169 EP 1170 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 471CR UT WOS:000170910400013 ER PT J AU Gustafson, K Wang, W Ross, S Linton, L Smith, N Gandhi, N AF Gustafson, K Wang, W Ross, S Linton, L Smith, N Gandhi, N CA CDC TI Effectiveness of a middle school vaccination law - California, 1999-2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 660-663, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID IMMUNIZATION C1 Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. San Diego State Univ, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Immunizat Branch, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. CDC, Hlth Serv Res & Evaluat Branch, Immunizat Serv Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gustafson, K (reprint author), Cty San Diego Hlth & Human Serv Agcy, San Diego, CA USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 12 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 10 BP 1170 EP 1172 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 471CR UT WOS:000170910400014 ER PT J AU Conlon, L Pranica, K Donart, L Proctor, M Simone, M Lucht, L Boers, T Davis, JP AF Conlon, L Pranica, K Donart, L Proctor, M Simone, M Lucht, L Boers, T Davis, JP CA CDC TI Norwalk-like virus outbreaks at two summer camps - Wisconsin, June 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 642-643, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Oneida Cty Hlth Dept, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. Oconto Cty Publ Hlth Div, Oconto, WI USA. Wisconsin Dept Hlth & Family Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Madison, WI USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Conlon, L (reprint author), Oneida Cty Hlth Dept, Rhinelander, WI 54501 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 12 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 10 BP 1172 EP 1172 PG 1 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 471CR UT WOS:000170910400015 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH Bowman, BA Ford, ES Vinicor, F Marks, JS Koplan, JP AF Mokdad, AH Bowman, BA Ford, ES Vinicor, F Marks, JS Koplan, JP TI The continuing epidemics of obesity and diabetes in the United States SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID IMPAIRED GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE; WEIGHT-GAIN; RISK FACTOR; US ADULTS; PREVALENCE; OVERWEIGHT; MELLITUS; EXERCISE; HEIGHT; WOMEN AB Context Recent reports show that obesity and diabetes have increased in the United States in the past decade. Objective To estimate the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and use of weight control strategies among US adults in 2000. Design, Setting, and Participants The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit telephone survey conducted in all states in 2000, with 184450 adults aged 18 years or older. Main Outcome Measures Body mass index (BMI), calculated from self-reported weight and height; self-reported diabetes; prevalence of weight loss or maintenance attempts; and weight control strategies used. Results In 2000, the prevalence of obesity (BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2)) was 19.8%, the prevalence of diabetes was 7.3% and the prevalence of both combined was 2.9%. Mississippi had the highest rates of obesity (24.3%) and of diabetes (8.8%); Colorado had the lowest rate of obesity (13.8%); and Alaska had the lowest rate of diabetes (4.4%). Twenty-seven percent of US adults did not engage in any physical activity, and another 28.2% were not regularly active. Only 24.4% of US adults consumed fruits and vegetables 5 or more times daily. Among obese participants who had had a routine checkup during the past year, 42.8% had been advised by a health care professional to lose weight. Among participants trying to lose or maintain weight, 17.5% were following recommendations to eat fewer calories and increase physical activity to more than 150 min/wk. Conclusions The prevalence of obesity and diabetes continues to increase among US adults. Interventions are needed to improve physical activity and diet in communities nationwide. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Director, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Data Management Div, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E62,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 39 TC 1632 Z9 1668 U1 3 U2 107 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 12 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 10 BP 1195 EP 1200 DI 10.1001/jama.286.10.1195 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 471CR UT WOS:000170910400029 PM 11559264 ER PT J AU Groom, AV Wolsey, DH Naimi, TS Smith, K Johnson, S Boxrud, D Moore, KA Cheek, JE AF Groom, AV Wolsey, DH Naimi, TS Smith, K Johnson, S Boxrud, D Moore, KA Cheek, JE TI Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a rural American Indian community SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHILDREN; OUTBREAK; CLONE; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; STRAINS; MRSA; MEC AB Context Until recently, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections have been acquired primarily in nosocomial settings. Four recent deaths due to MRSA infection in previously healthy children in the Midwest suggest that serious MRSA infections can be acquired in the community in rural as well as urban locations. Objectives To document the occurrence of community-acquired MRSA infections and evaluate risk factors for community-acquired MRSA infection compared with methicillin-susceptible S aureus (MSSA) infection. Design Retrospective cohort study with medical record review. Setting Indian Health Service facility in a rural midwestern American Indian community. Patients Patients whose medical records indicated laboratory-confirmed S aureus infection diagnosed during 1997. Main Outcome Measures Proportion of MRSA infections classified as community acquired based on standardized criteria; risk factors for community-acquired MRSA infection compared with those for community-acquired MSSA infection; and relatedness of MRSA strains, determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results Of 112 S aureus isolates, 62 (55%) were MRSA and 50 (45%) were MSSA. Forty-six (74%) of the 62 MRSA infections were classified as community acquired. Risk factors for community-acquired MRSA infections were not significantly different from those for community-acquired MSSA. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtyping indicated that 34 (89%) of 38 community-acquired MRSA isolates were clonally related and distinct from nosocomial MRSA isolates found in the region. Conclusions Community-acquired MRSA may have replaced community-acquired MSSA as the dominant strain in this community. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and PFGE subtyping support the finding that MRSA is circulating beyond nosocomial settings in this and possibly other rural US communities. C1 Indian Hlth Serv, Natl Epidemiol Program, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Acute Dis Epidemiol Sect, Minneapolis, MN USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Div Publ Hlth Labs, Minneapolis, MN USA. ICAN Inc, Eden Prairie, MN USA. RP Cheek, JE (reprint author), Indian Hlth Serv, Natl Epidemiol Program, 5300 Homestead Rd NE,Headquarters, Albuquerque, NM 87110 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU511190] NR 40 TC 258 Z9 270 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD SEP 12 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 10 BP 1201 EP 1205 DI 10.1001/jama.286.10.1201 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 471CR UT WOS:000170910400030 PM 11559265 ER PT J AU Gindler, J Li, Z Berry, RJ Zheng, JC Correa, A Sun, XM Wong, LY Cheng, LC Erickson, JD Wang, Y Tong, QL AF Gindler, J Li, Z Berry, RJ Zheng, JC Correa, A Sun, XM Wong, LY Cheng, LC Erickson, JD Wang, Y Tong, QL CA Jiaxing City Collaborative Project TI Folic acid supplements during pregnancy and risk of miscarriage SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE; PREVENTION AB Background Although taking supplements that contain 400 mug of folic acid before and during early pregnancy reduces a woman's risk for having a baby with a neural-tube defect (NTD), the effects of such supplements on other pregnancy outcomes remain unclear. We examined whether the use of such supplements affects the occurrence of miscarriage. Methods Participants were women in China who had taken part in a recent folic acid campaign to prevent NTDs and who had registered in this campaign before they became pregnant for the first time. We examined the risk for miscarriage among women who had confirmed pregnancies and who had or had not taken pills containing only 400 mug of folic acid before and during early pregnancy. Results The overall rate of miscarriage was 9.1% (2155/23 806). The rates of miscarriage among women who had and had not taken folic acid pills before and during the first trimester were 9.0% and 9.3%, respectively (risk ratio 0.97 [95% Cl 0.84-1.12]). The distributions of gestational age at pregnancy diagnosis and at miscarriage were similar for both groups of women. Interpretation In this population-based study of a cohort of women whose use of folic acid supplements while pregnant had been previously documented and who had been pregnant for the first time, we found no evidence that daily consumption of 400 pg of folic acid before and during early pregnancy influenced their risk for miscarriage. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Beijing Univ, Hlth Sci Ctr, Natl Ctr Maternal Hlth & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Jiaxing City Collaborat Project Neural Tube Defec, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Provin, Peoples R China. RP Berry, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. OI Berry, Robert/0000-0002-7162-5046 NR 18 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 5 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD SEP 8 PY 2001 VL 358 IS 9284 BP 796 EP 800 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05969-4 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 472NA UT WOS:000170989300012 PM 11564486 ER PT J AU Lew, E Gallagher, L Kuehnert, M Rimland, D Hubbard, M Parekh, B Zell, E Jarvis, W Jason, J AF Lew, E Gallagher, L Kuehnert, M Rimland, D Hubbard, M Parekh, B Zell, E Jarvis, W Jason, J TI Intracellular cytokines in the acute response to highly active antiretroviral therapy SO AIDS LA English DT Article DE AIDS; AIDS therapy; cytokines; HAART; HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; INFECTED PATIENTS; HIV-INFECTION; ACTIVATION; INDINAVIR; DISEASE; CELLS AB Objectives: Successful highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is usually associated with a rapid decline in HIV plasma RNA levels and a gradual increase in CD4 T cells. We examined whether changes in cytokine production and profile precede other immunological changes and whether these might occur in temporal association with plasma HIV RNA changes. Design and methods: Eleven HIV-1-infected patients were enrolled into a prospective cohort study; eight patients were naive to antiretroviral therapy. Blood samples were collected pre-therapy (week 0) and at 1, 2, and 3 weeks post-initiation of therapy. Results: All 11 patients enrolled remained on triple HAART for 1 week, eight for 2 weeks, and six for greater than or equal to 3 weeks. When compared to week 0, these patients had a greater than or equal to 2-log(10) decline in HIV plasma RNA levels and/or a decline to less than or equal to 400 copies/ml by week 3 of therapy (p = 0.004). The numbers and percentages of CD4 and CD8 T cells, and the percentage of naive, memory, and activated T cells did not change significantly between weeks 0 and 1 or 0 and 3. Of all the immune parameters examined only: the percentage of CD4 T cells spontaneously producing tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (median, 2.4 versus 0.5% P = 0.025); the percentage of CD8 T cells spontaneously producing TNF-alpha (median, 0.6 versus 0.2% P = 0.037); and the percentage of CD3 T cells spontaneously producing interleukin-4 (median, 1.8 versus 0.8% P = 0.004) changed significantly between weeks 0 and 3. Conclusions: In these patients, decreases in the percentage of T cells spontaneously producing TNF-alpha or interleukin-4 preceded changes in CD4 T cells. If confirmed by others, these observations may be useful as early predictors of response to and early failure of HAART. (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, HIV Program & AIDS Res Ctr, Decatur, GA 30033 USA. CDC, NCID, Hosp Infect Program, Invest & Prevent Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, NCID, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Jason, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Mailstop A-25,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD SEP 7 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 13 BP 1665 EP 1670 DI 10.1097/00002030-200109070-00009 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 480QE UT WOS:000171472800009 PM 11546941 ER PT J AU Brown, CR Komar, N Quick, SB Sethi, RA Panella, NA Brown, MB Pfeffer, M AF Brown, CR Komar, N Quick, SB Sethi, RA Panella, NA Brown, MB Pfeffer, M TI Arbovirus infection increases with group size SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE alphavirus; Buggy Creek virus; coloniality; disease transmission; Oeciacus vicarius; Petrochelidon pyrrhonota ID WEST-NILE-VIRUS; EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; NATURAL VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; CLIFF SWALLOWS; OECIACUS-VICARIUS; COMPLEX; ENCEPHALITIS; ALPHAVIRUSES; PERSISTENCE; EVOLUTION AB Buggy Creek (BCR) virus is an arthropod-borne alphavirus that is naturally transmitted to its vertebrate host the cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) by an invertebrate vector, namely the cimicid swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius). We examined how the prevalence of the virus varied with the group size of both its vector and host. The study was conducted in southwestern Nebraska where cliff swallows breed in colonies ranging from one to 3700 nests and the bug populations at a site vary directly with the cliff swallow colony size. The percentage of cliff swallow nests containing bugs infected with BCR virus increased significantly with colony size at a site in the current year and at the site in the previous year. This result could not be explained by differences in the bug sampling methods, date of sampling, sample size of the bugs, age structure of the bugs or the presence of an alternate host, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). Colony sites that were reused by cliff swallows showed a positive autocorrelation in the percentage of nests with infected bugs between year t and year t + 1, but the spatial autocorrelation broke down for year t + 2. The increased prevalence of BCR virus at larger cliff swallow colonies probably reflects the larger bug populations there, which are less likely to decline in size and lead to virus extinction. To the authors' knowledge this is the first demonstration of arbovirus infection increasing with group size and one of the few known predictive ecological relationships between an arbovirus and its vectors/hosts. The results have implications for both understanding the fitness consequences of coloniality for cliff swallows and understanding the temporal and spatial variation in arboviral epidemics. C1 Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Munich, Inst Med Microbiol Infect & Epidem Dis, D-80539 Munich, Germany. RP Brown, CR (reprint author), Univ Tulsa, Dept Biol Sci, Tulsa, OK 74104 USA. EM charles-brown@utulsa.edu NR 51 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 4 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD SEP 7 PY 2001 VL 268 IS 1478 BP 1833 EP 1840 PG 8 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 469UN UT WOS:000170834600012 PM 11522203 ER PT J AU Layne, SP Beugelsdijk, TJ Patel, CKN Taubenberger, JK Cox, NJ Gust, ID Hay, AJ Tashiro, M Lavanchy, D AF Layne, SP Beugelsdijk, TJ Patel, CKN Taubenberger, JK Cox, NJ Gust, ID Hay, AJ Tashiro, M Lavanchy, D TI A global lab against influenza SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Influenza, Atlanta, GA USA. Victoria Univ, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Influenza, Parkville, Vic, Australia. Natl Inst Med Res, MRC, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Influenza, London NW7 1AA, England. Natl Inst Infect Dis, WHO, Collaborating Ctr Influenza, Tokyo, Japan. WHO, Influenza Program, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Layne, SP (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. NR 0 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 7 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5536 BP 1729 EP 1729 DI 10.1126/science.293.5536.1729 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 470WN UT WOS:000170894400003 PM 11546841 ER PT J AU Ostrowsky, B Jarvis, W AF Ostrowsky, B Jarvis, W TI Vancomycin-resistant enterococci in health care facilities - Reply SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ostrowsky, B (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD SEP 6 PY 2001 VL 345 IS 10 BP 768 EP 769 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 468RX UT WOS:000170772900018 ER PT J AU Baker, EL AF Baker, EL TI The AAMC/CDC partnership: Linking academic medicine and public health SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Baker, EL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Practice Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 76 IS 9 BP 866 EP 867 DI 10.1097/00001888-200109000-00003 PG 2 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 472FF UT WOS:000170972300003 PM 11553497 ER PT J AU Semba, RD Shah, N Klein, RS Mayer, KH Schuman, P Gardner, LI Vlahov, D AF Semba, RD Shah, N Klein, RS Mayer, KH Schuman, P Gardner, LI Vlahov, D CA HER Study Grp TI Highly active antiretroviral therapy associated with improved anemia among HIV-infected women SO AIDS PATIENT CARE AND STDS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION; TUMOR-NECROSIS-FACTOR; SOCIETY-USA PANEL; HEMATOLOGIC ABNORMALITIES; UPDATED RECOMMENDATIONS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; AIDS; CELLS; ERYTHROPOIETIN; HEMATOPOIESIS AB Anemia is common during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and is associated with increased mortality. We conducted a study to examine the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on anemia in a multicenter cohort of HIV-positive women, the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Epidemiology Research (HER) Study. Among women receiving HAART (n = 188), non-HAART monotherapy or combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) (n = 111), or who had no reported treatment (n = 62), the prevalence of anemia (hemoglobin, <120 g/L) at baseline was 38.3, 36.9, and 43.6%, respectively (p = 0.58) and at 1-year follow-up was 26.1%, 36.9%, 45.2%, respectively (p = 0.01); mean hemoglobin at baseline was 125 +/- 16, 122 +/- 16, and 122 +/- 18 g/L, respectively (p = 0.29) and at 1-year follow-up was 128 +/- 14, 123 +/- 16, and 119 +/- 20 g/L, respectively (p < 0.0001). Adjusted linear regression models showed that HAART was associated with an increase of hemoglobin of 0.20 g/L per month (p = 0.007). After 1 year of treatment, HAART was associated with a 32% reduction in anemia among HIV-infected women (p = 0.01), whereas there was no significant change in the prevalence of anemia among those on non-HAART ART or those who had no reported treatment. HAART is associated with a large reduction in anemia among HIV-infected women. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Ophthalmol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Ophthalmol, Baltimore, MD USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Albert Einstein Coll Med, Dept Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Wayne State Univ, Dept Med, Detroit, MI 48202 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Semba, RD (reprint author), 550 N Broadway,Suite 700, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI41956]; NIDA NIH HHS [DA04334, DA08009, DA10252] NR 29 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1087-2914 J9 AIDS PATIENT CARE ST JI Aids Patient Care STDS PD SEP PY 2001 VL 15 IS 9 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.1089/108729101753145466 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 480DL UT WOS:000171446700005 PM 11587633 ER PT J AU Page, EH Trout, DB AF Page, EH Trout, DB TI The role of Stachybotrys mycotoxins in building-related illness SO AIHAJ LA English DT Article DE building-related illness; fungi; indoor; mycotoxins; Stachybotrys ID PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE; TOXIGENIC FUNGI; INDOOR AIR; EXPOSURE; ATRA; ENVIRONMENT; TOXICOSIS; CHARTARUM; OUTBREAK; HEALTH AB Recently there has been increased attention among both the public and health professionals regarding the potential role of mycotoxins, primarily from fungi of the genus Stachybotrys, as etiologic agents related to illness among persons exposed in the indoor (nonindustrial) environment. Recommendations for the remediation of buildings are being made based in part on reported health effects believed to be due to mycotoxins, A search of NIOSHTIC (a literature database maintained by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) and MEDLINE (from 1965 to present) for literature related to fungi, mycotoxins, and the indoor environment was conducted. References from relevant articles also were reviewed. This strategy yielded a total of 13 articles. Important issues concerning exposure assessment and case definitions are inadequately addressed in the literature reviewed, making it difficult to implicate mycotoxins as a cause of building-related illness, The literature review indicates that currently there is inadequate evidence supporting a causal relationship between symptoms or illness among building occupants and exposure to mycotoxins. Research involving the identification and isolation of specific fungal toxins in the environment and in humans is needed before a more definitive link between health outcomes and mycotoxins can be made. C1 CDCP, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Page, EH (reprint author), CDCP, NIOSH, Div Surveillance Hazard Evaluat & Field Studies, 4676 Columbia Pkwy,MS R-10, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 45 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ASSOC PI FAIRFAX PA 2700 PROSPERITY AVE #250, FAIRFAX, VA 22031-4307 USA SN 1529-8663 J9 AIHAJ JI AIHAJ PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 62 IS 5 BP 644 EP 648 DI 10.1202/0002-8894(2001)062<0644:TROSMI>2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 482VE UT WOS:000171597300012 PM 11669391 ER PT J AU Kuczmarski, RJ AF Kuczmarski, RJ TI Leptin concentrations in US adults SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Editorial Material ID ADIPOSE-TISSUE; WOMEN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Kuczmarski, RJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Room 900, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 74 IS 3 BP 277 EP 278 PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 467GB UT WOS:000170693100001 PM 11522546 ER PT J AU Steenland, K Deddens, J Piacitelli, L AF Steenland, K Deddens, J Piacitelli, L TI Risk assessment for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) based on an epidemiologic study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carcinogens; dioxins; risk assessment ID OPERATION RANCH HAND; LUNG-CANCER; FOLLOW-UP; EXPOSURE; WORKERS; VETERANS; COHORT AB The International Agency for Research on Cancer (Lyon, France) recently concluded that 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a human carcinogen. There have been few human studies and risk assessments with quantitative exposure data. The authors previously conducted exposure-response analyses based on estimated external TCDD exposure for 3,538 US male chemical workers and found a positive trend for all cancer with increasing cumulative exposure. In the present study, 1988 data from 170 workers with both estimated external exposure and known serum TCDD levels were used to derive the relation between the two. This derived relation was used to estimate serum TCDD levels over time for all 3,538 workers, and new dose-response analyses were conducted by using cumulative serum level. A positive trend (p=0.003) was found between estimated log cumulative TCDD serum level and cancer mortality. For males, the excess lifetime (75 years) risk of dying of cancer given a TCDD intake of 1.0 pg/kg of body weight per day, twice the background intake, was an estimated 0.05-0.9% above a background lifetime risk of cancer death of 12.4%. Data from this cohort are consistent with another epidemiologic risk assessment from Germany and support recent conclusions by the US Environmental Protection Agency. C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Steenland, K (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 21 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 5 BP 451 EP 458 DI 10.1093/aje/154.5.451 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 473BP UT WOS:000171019700009 PM 11532787 ER PT J AU Kaiser, R Rubin, CH Henderson, AK Wolfe, MI Kieszak, S Parrott, CL Adcock, M AF Kaiser, R Rubin, CH Henderson, AK Wolfe, MI Kieszak, S Parrott, CL Adcock, M TI Heat-related death and mental illness during the 1999 Cincinnati heat wave SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC MEDICINE AND PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE heat-related death; mental illness; forensic medicine AB During a 1999 heat wave in Cincinnati, Ohio, the Hamilton County Coroner reported 18 heat-related deaths. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Cincinnati Department of Health conducted a case-control study using surrogate case information and first-person control information to identify risk factors for mortality during the heat wave. Surrogate data were supplemented by systematic death scene investigation reports and comprehensive toxicologic screens, important sources of data that are routinely collected by the Hamilton County Coroner's Office. The study included 17 case subjects and 34 controls from the decedents' neighborhood. Among 17 case subjects, 8 (47.1%) had mental illness (odds ratio [OR], 14.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-633). There was a suggestion of an interaction between age and mental health. A working air-conditioner was the strongest protective factor (OR, 0.03; 95% CI, 0-0.2). Toxicologic screening indicated that case subjects with reported mental illness and a prescription for psychotropic drugs may not have been medication compliant. Three decedents lived in group homes for people with mental illness, indicating that opportunities for prevention may have been missed. Systematic death investigations, including toxicologic screening, provide valuable information about the circumstances of heat-related death, particularly the role of medication compliance as a risk factor. Prevention programs during heat waves should target people with mental illness, especially those who take psychotropic medication. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch E23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kaiser, R (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Hlth Studies Branch E23, 1600 Clifton Rd,NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 12 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0195-7910 J9 AM J FOREN MED PATH JI Am. J. Forensic Med. Pathol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 22 IS 3 BP 303 EP 307 DI 10.1097/00000433-200109000-00022 PG 5 WC Medicine, Legal; Pathology SC Legal Medicine; Pathology GA 469FG UT WOS:000170803500022 PM 11563746 ER PT J AU Nuss, R Soucie, JM Evatt, B AF Nuss, R Soucie, JM Evatt, B CA Hemophilia Surveillance System Pro TI Changes in the occurrence of and risk factors for hemophilia-associated intracranial hemorrhage SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE hemophilia; bleeding disorder; hematology; intracranial hemorrhage; surveillance; public health; epidemiology; factor VIII deficiency; factor IX deficiency; HIV AB Recent studies suggest that rates of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) increased concomitant with the HIV epidemic among the hemophilia population, but no studies have directly examined factors associated with ICH. To determine ICH rates and identify factors associated with ICH, we performed a nested case-control study of a cohort composed of all hemophilic males Identified by a surveillance system. Data were obtained from medical records of care received during 1993-1997. Patients with ICH listed in hospital records or on death certificates during the 5-year period were compared to the remainder of the cohort to examine associations between ICH and patients' demographic and clinical factors including the presence of HIV infection. Among the 3,269 males in the cohort, 88 (2.7%) had an ICH during follow-up, an average incidence rate of 0.0054 case/year. Hemorrhage sites were intracerebral for 37.5%, subdural for 34.1%, unspecified for 19.3%, subarachnoid for 12.5%, and epidural for 8% of cases. For 22% of cases, the ICH was trauma-related, and, overall, 16 patients (18.2%) died. Several factors were independently associated with ICH (odds ratio, P value): severe disease (2.0, 0.05); age 51 + years compared to 6-10 year olds (3.7,0.02); presence of an inhibitor (3.5, <0.001); and HIV infection among whites only (4.0, <0.001). ICH rates in our cohort were 2-fold higher compared to rates from previous reports. Much of the increase was attributed to HIV infection, which raised ICH risk primarily in whites and was frequently associated with spontaneous ICH among older individuals. Am. J. Hematol. 68:37-42, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DASTLR, HDB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Mt States Reg Hemophilia & Thrombosis Ctr, Denver, CO USA. RP Soucie, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DASTLR, HDB, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E64, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0361-8609 J9 AM J HEMATOL JI Am. J. Hematol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 68 IS 1 BP 37 EP 42 DI 10.1002/ajh.1146 PG 6 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 464ZU UT WOS:000170563900007 PM 11559935 ER PT J AU McNeil, MM Nash, SL Hajjeh, RA Phelan, MA Conn, LA Plikaytis, BD Warnock, DW AF McNeil, MM Nash, SL Hajjeh, RA Phelan, MA Conn, LA Plikaytis, BD Warnock, DW TI Trends in mortality due to invasive mycotic diseases in the United States, 1980-1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; ORAL CANDIDOSIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; FLUCONAZOLE; PROPHYLAXIS; COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS AB To determine national trends in mortality due to invasive mycoses, we analyzed National Center for Health Statistics multiple-cause-of-death record tapes for the years 1980 through 1997, with use of their specific codes in the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9 codes 112.4-118 and 136.3). In the United States, of deaths in which an infectious disease was the underlying cause, those due to mycoses increased from the tenth most common in 1980 to the seventh most common in 1997. From 1980 through 1997, the annual number of deaths in which an invasive mycosis was listed on the death certificate (multiple-cause [MC] mortality) increased from 1557 to 6534. In addition, rates of MC mortality for the different mycoses varied markedly according to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status but were consistently higher among males, blacks, and persons greater than or equal to 65 years of age. These data highlight the public health importance of mycotic diseases and emphasize the need for continuing surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Surveillance, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Mailstop E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. EM mmm2@cdc.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0002-9297 J9 AM J HUM GENET JI Am. J. Hum. Genet. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 69 IS 3 BP 641 EP U7 PG 7 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 459VD UT WOS:000170271400016 ER PT J AU Bang, KM Kim, JH AF Bang, KM Kim, JH TI Prevalence of cigarette smoking by occupation and industry in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE cigarette; smoking; prevalence; occupation; industry ID ALCOHOL-CONSUMPTION; MORTALITY; WORKPLACE AB Background This study was undertaken to estimate the most recent prevalence of cigarette smoking by occupation and industry in the US, using the data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988-1994. Methods Included in NHANES III are data on the cigarette smoking status, occupation, industry, and other demographic information of US non-institutionalized civilians obtained through household interview surveys. The study population included 20,032 adults aged 17 years and older. To estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking across occupation and industry groups, we used the Survey Data Analysis (SUDAAN) software. Results The prevalence of cigarette smoking was highest among material moving occupations, construction laborers, and vehicle mechanics and repairers. The lowest smoking prevalence was found among teachers. Among industry groups, the construction industry had the highest prevalence of cigarette smoking. Conclusions These findings provide information useful for targeting education activities focusing on adverse health effects of cigarette smoking and also for indirect adjustments in analysis of morbidity and mortality by occupation. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, CDC, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Bang, KM (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Resp Dis Studies, CDC, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 20 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 233 EP 239 DI 10.1002/ajim.1094 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 469LR UT WOS:000170817600002 PM 11598969 ER PT J AU Sanderson, WT Ward, EM Steenland, K AF Sanderson, WT Ward, EM Steenland, K TI Re: Response to criticisms of "Lung cancer case-control study of beryllium workers" Am. J. Ind. Med. 2001, 39:133-144. SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Sanderson, WT (reprint author), NIOSH, Robert A Taft Labs, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 286 EP 288 DI 10.1002/ajim.1102 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 469LR UT WOS:000170817600014 ER PT J AU Deitchman, S Dembe, AE Himmelstein, J AF Deitchman, S Dembe, AE Himmelstein, J TI Advent of occupational health services research SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material DE occupational health services; health services research; National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; United States Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality AB After lagging behind health services research in general health care, research is now examining health services provided to workers suffering occupational injuries and illnesses. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Workers' Compensation Health Initiative, the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (now the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality), and the Canadian Institute for Work and Health co-sponsored a June, 1999, conference to explore research needs in this area. Fundamental tenets for advancing occupational health services research include: adopting the goal of improving occupational health care, including better integration of preventive and curative care; creating standardized interstate occupational health care data sets that include medical, economic, and patient perspectives; better defining quality in occupational care and developing appropriate performance measures; in addition to medical costs, assessing social, economic, medical and functional outcomes of care; considering the connections between work and health, including general health services; and addressing the need to train qualified occupational health services researchers. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Massachusetts, Sch Med, Ctr Hlth Policy & Res, Shrewsbury, MA USA. RP Deitchman, S (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE D32, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 291 EP 294 DI 10.1002/ajim.1103 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 469LR UT WOS:000170817600016 PM 11598978 ER PT J AU Rudolph, L Deitchman, S Dervin, K AF Rudolph, L Deitchman, S Dervin, K TI Integrating occupational health services and occupational prevention services SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Functional, Economic, and Social Outcomes of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses CY JUN 13-15, 1999 CL DENVER, COLORADO SP Natl Inst Occupat Safety & Hlth, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Canadian Inst Work & Hlth, Agcy Healthcare Res & Qual DE occupational health; occupational medicine; prevention; health services research ID COMPENSATION MANAGED CARE; WORKERS-COMPENSATION; PUBLIC-HEALTH; WASHINGTON-STATE; PILOT PROJECT; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; CONTROLLED TRIAL; ETHICAL CONDUCT; MEDICAL-CARE; DELIVERY AB Background Despite the human and monetary costs of occupational injury and illness, occupational health care has focused more on treatment than prevention, and prevention is not part of many clinical occupational health practices. This represents a failure of occupational health care to meet the health care needs of the working patients. Methods MEDLINE searches were conducted for literature on occupational medical treatment and the prevention of occupational injury and illness were reviewed to for linkages between prevention and treatment. Policy discussions which identify examples of programs that integrated prevention and treatment were included. Results Although examples of the integration of clinical and preventive occupational health services exist, there are challenges and barriers to such integration. These include inaction by clinicians who do not recognize their potential role in prevention; the absence of a relationship between the clinician and an employer willing to participate in prevention; economic disincentives against prevention; and the absence of tools that evaluate clinicians on their performance in prevention. Conclusions Research is needed to improve and promote clinical occupational health preventive services. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Div Workers Compensat, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rudolph, L (reprint author), Div Workers Compensat, 455 Golden Gate Ave,9th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. NR 96 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0271-3586 J9 AM J IND MED JI Am. J. Ind. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 40 IS 3 BP 307 EP 318 DI 10.1002/ajim.1105 PG 12 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 469LR UT WOS:000170817600018 PM 11598980 ER PT J AU Barr, JK Franks, AL Lee, NC Antonucci, DM Rifkind, S Schachter, M AF Barr, JK Franks, AL Lee, NC Antonucci, DM Rifkind, S Schachter, M TI A randomized intervention to improve ongoing participation in mammography SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Health-Services-Research CY JUN 21-23, 1998 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Assoc Hlth Serv Res ID MANAGED CARE PLAN; SCREENING MAMMOGRAPHY; CONTROLLED TRIAL; BREAST; WOMEN; RECOMMENDATIONS; METAANALYSIS; STRATEGIES; PHYSICIANS; REMINDERS AB Objective: To test the effectiveness of interventions intended to increase rates of regular breast cancer screening; according to recommended guidelines. Study Design: A randomized controlled trial of 2 outreach interventions (a mail reminder and a telephone reminder plus appointment scheduling) compared with a routine publicity campaign to encourage continued participation in mammography screening. Participants and Methods: Participants were 1908 women aged 50 to 75 years continuously enrolled in a large group-model HMO during the study who underwent a bilateral mammogram during the first quarter of 1994 and no subsequent mammogram during the next 18 to 21 months. Data were obtained from health plan administrative data files supplemented by medical chart review. Women were randomly assigned to receive (1) a mail reminder, (2) a telephone reminder, or (3) routine publicity on mammography for all women. The outcome measure was a mammogram received after the intervention period and within 2 years of the initial mammogram date. Results: Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses showed that participation was significantly higher for women contacted by telephone than through routine publicity. Mail reminders were no more effective than a routine publicity campaign. Primary care physician and gynecologist visits increased the likelihood of a subsequent mammogram for women in all intervention groups. Conclusions: Telephone contact by regular health plan staff was more successful than publicity in encouraging continued participation in mammography screening in women enrolled in a group-model managed health care plan. Because mailings did not influence participation in mammography screening, health plans should be cautious about investing in member mailings without first evaluating their effectiveness in the context of existing outreach efforts. C1 Qualidigm, Med Qual Improvement, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Prevent Res & Analyt Methods, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Horizon Blue Cross & Blue Shield, Newark, NJ USA. Phys World Commun Grp, Waltham, MA USA. ICSL Healthcare Res, Waltham, MA USA. RP Barr, JK (reprint author), Qualidigm, Med Qual Improvement, 100 Roscommon Dr, Middletown, CT 06457 USA. NR 30 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 4 PU AMER MED PUBLISHING, M W C COMPANY PI JAMESBURG PA 241 FORSGATE DR, STE 102, JAMESBURG, NJ 08831 USA SN 1088-0224 J9 AM J MANAG CARE JI Am. J. Manag. Care PD SEP PY 2001 VL 7 IS 9 BP 887 EP 894 PG 8 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services; Medicine, General & Internal SC Health Care Sciences & Services; General & Internal Medicine GA 473EW UT WOS:000171028100005 PM 11570022 ER PT J AU Moulton, AD Matthews, GW AF Moulton, AD Matthews, GW TI Strengthening the legal foundation for public health practice: A framework for action SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Moulton, AD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Law Program, 4770 Buford Hwy,Mail Stop K-39, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 1 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1369 EP 1369 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.9.1369 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 466MY UT WOS:000170650400014 PM 11527758 ER PT J AU Gostin, LO Hodge, JG Valdiserri, RO AF Gostin, LO Hodge, JG Valdiserri, RO TI Informational privacy and the public's health: The Model State Public Health Privacy Act SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Georgetown Univ, Ctr Law, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Washington, DC USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Hodge, JG (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, 624 N Broadway,Room 582, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 16 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 91 IS 9 BP 1388 EP 1392 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.9.1388 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 466MY UT WOS:000170650400020 PM 11527765 ER PT J AU Brown, TM Mitchell, CJ Nasci, RS Smith, GC Roehrig, JT AF Brown, TM Mitchell, CJ Nasci, RS Smith, GC Roehrig, JT TI Detection of eastern equine encephalitis virus in infected mosquitoes using a monoclonal antibody-based antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS; CULISETA-MELANURA; IMMUNOASSAY EIA; BRAIN-TISSUE; POOLS; IDENTIFICATION; ALPHAVIRUSES; ISOLATIONS; CULICIDAE; DIPTERA AB Surveillance of mosquito populations for virus activity is not often performed by small, vector-control districts because they do not have the financial resources to use virus isolation, or newer methods such as the polymerase chain reaction. Consequently, development and refinements of rapid, sensitive, and simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) applicable to a wide variety of public health settings are justified. We have developed an antigen-capture ELISA for the detection of eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus in mosquitoes that uses both monoclonal capture and detector antibodies. The sensitivity of this assay is 4.0-5.0 log(10) plaque-forming units/ml, which is comparable to previously published EEE antigen-capture assays developed with polyclonal antibody reagents. This test identifies only North American strains of EEE virus and does not react with either western equine encephalitis or Highlands J viruses. Test sensitivity was enhanced by sonicating mosquito pools, treating them with Triton X-100, and increasing the time and temperature of antigen incubation. The conversion of this ELISA to a monoclonal antibody-based format should result in a readily standardizable and transferable assay that will permit laboratories lacking virus isolation facilities to conduct EEE virus surveillance. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Roehrig, JT (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Arbovirus Dis Branch, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 65 IS 3 BP 208 EP 213 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 471MP UT WOS:000170933400010 PM 11561706 ER PT J AU Wang, LY Crossett, LS Lowry, R Sussman, S Dent, CW AF Wang, LY Crossett, LS Lowry, R Sussman, S Dent, CW TI Cost-effectiveness of a school-based tobacco-use prevention program SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Public-Health-Association CY NOV 15-16, 2000 CL BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS SP Amer Public Hlth Assoc ID SMOKING CESSATION; CIGARETTE-SMOKING; UNITED-STATES; SMOKERS AB Objective: To determine the cost-effectiveness of a school-based tobacco-use prevention program. Design: Using data from the previously reported 2-year efficacy study of the Project Toward No Tobacco Use (TNT), we conducted a decision analysis to determine the cost-effectiveness of TNT. The benefits measured were life years (LYs) saved, quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) saved, and medical care costs saved, discounted at 3%. The costs measured were program costs. We quantified TNT's cost-effectiveness as cost per LY saved and cost per QALY saved. Intervention: A 10-lesson curriculum designed to counteract social influences and misconceptions that lead to tobacco use was delivered by trained health educators to a cohort of 1234 seventh-grade students in 8 junior high schools. A 2-lesson booster session was delivered to the eighth-grade students in the second year. The efficacy evaluation was based on 770 ninth-grade students who participated in the program in the seventh and eighth grades and in both the baseline and the 2-year follow-up survey. Results: Under base case assumptions, at an intervention cost of $16403, TNT prevented an estimated 34.9 students from becoming established smokers. As a result, we could expect a saving of $13316 per LY saved and a saving of $8482 per QALY saved. Results showed TNT to be cost saving over a reasonable range of model parameter estimates. Conclusions: The TNT is highly cost-effective compared with other widely accepted prevention interventions. School-based prevention programs of this type warrant careful consideration by policy makers and program planners. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ So Calif, Inst Hlth Promot & Dis Prevent Res, Los Angeles, CA USA. RP Wang, LY (reprint author), NCCDPHP, DASH, Surveillance & Evaluat Res Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K-33, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 155 IS 9 BP 1043 EP 1050 PG 8 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 468FX UT WOS:000170748400011 PM 11529807 ER PT J AU Barnhart, HX Williamson, JM AF Barnhart, HX Williamson, JM TI Modeling concordance correlation via GEE to evaluate reproducibility SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE agreement; correlated data; reliability; reproducibility ID LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; ESTIMATING EQUATIONS; WEIGHTED-KAPPA; REGRESSION; AGREEMENT; OUTCOMES AB Clinical studies are often concerned with assessing whether different raters/methods produce similar values for measuring a quantitative variable. Use of the concordance correlation coefficient as a measure of reproducibility has gained popularity in practice since its introduction by Lin (1989, Biometrics 45, 255 268). Lin's method is applicable for studies evaluating two raters/two methods without replications. Chinchilli et al. (1996, Biometrics 52, 341-353) extended Lin's approach to repeated measures designs by using a weighted concordance correlation coefficient. However, the existing methods cannot easily accommodate covariate adjustment, especially when one needs to model agreement. In this article, we propose a generalized estimating equations (GEE) approach to model the concordance correlation coefficient via three sets of estimating equations. The proposed approach is flexible in that (1) it can accommodate more than two correlated readings and test for the equality of dependent concordant correlation estimates; (2) it can incorporate covariates predictive of the marginal distribution; (3) it can be used to identify covariates predictive of concordance correlation; and (4) it requires minimal distribution assumptions. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the asymptotic properties of the proposed approach. The method is illustrated with data from two biomedical studies. C1 Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AiDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol MS, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Barnhart, HX (reprint author), Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R29 HL58014]; NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD 29927]; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS 30928] NR 28 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 5 PU INTERNATIONAL BIOMETRIC SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1441 I ST, NW, SUITE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20005-2210 USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 2001 VL 57 IS 3 BP 931 EP 940 DI 10.1111/j.0006-341X.2001.00931.x PG 10 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 467YY UT WOS:000170732400035 PM 11550947 ER PT J AU Cochi, S AF Cochi, S TI The scientific basis for cessation of polio SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Polio Symposium on No Room for Complacency CY MAR 07-08, 2001 CL OTTAWA, CANADA C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Cochi, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CANADIAN PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC PI OTTAWA PA 1565 CARLING AVE, SUITE 400, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1Z 8R1, CANADA SN 0008-4263 J9 CAN J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Can. J. Public Health-Rev. Can. Sante Publ. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 92 IS 5 BP 23 EP 24 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 488KU UT WOS:000171935000033 ER PT J AU Hall, HI Jamison, P Weir, HK AF Hall, HI Jamison, P Weir, HK TI Second primary ovarian cancer among women diagnosed previously with cancer SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID EPIDEMIOLOGY; BREAST; POPULATION; GENETICS AB This study assessed the risk of second primary ovarian cancer among United States women diagnosed previously with invasive cancer. We analyzed data from cancer registries participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program for women diagnosed with invasive cancer between 1973 and 1996. We calculated the risk [observed (O)/expected numbers (E)] of second primary ovarian cancer by cancer site and age at diagnosis of first primary cancer (<50 years and 50 years), race (all, white, and black), and years since first cancer (0-4, 5-9, 10-14, and 15-24 years). Statistical tests and 95% confidence intervals (CI) assumed a Poisson distribution. A significantly increased risk of ovarian cancer was found for women who were aged <50 years at diagnosis with melanoma (O/E = 3.5, 95% CI 2.1-5.5) or cancer of the breast (O/E 6.0, 95% CI = 4.9-7.2), cervix (O/E = 4.2, 95% CI 2.6-6.3), corpus uteri (O/E = 11.9, 95% CI = 7.3-18.4), colon (O/E = 17.9, 95 % CI = 11.1-27.3), or ovary (O/E = 4.9, 95 % CI = 2.7-8.2). No increased risk was found for women aged 50 years. Ovarian cancer risk remained elevated after these first primary cancers 5-9 years after diagnosis; for breast and colon cancer, risk remained elevated 15-24 years after diagnosis. Women <50 years at diagnosis with melanoma or cancer of the cervix, corpus uteri, ovary, rectum, or lung and bronchus were at a decreased risk for second primary ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer risk is higher than expected for women who were diagnosed with certain types of cancer at <50 years of age. C1 CDCP, Canc Surveillance Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Hall, HI (reprint author), CDCP, Canc Surveillance Branch, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-53,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 11806, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35202 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 10 IS 9 BP 995 EP 999 PG 5 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 470YA UT WOS:000170899000013 PM 11535553 ER PT J AU Mannino, DM Caraballo, R Benowitz, N Repace, J AF Mannino, DM Caraballo, R Benowitz, N Repace, J TI Predictors of cotinine levels in US children - Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO CHEST LA English DT Article DE children; cotinine; tobacco smoke pollution ID ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO-SMOKE; PARENTAL SMOKING; URINARY COTININE; PASSIVE SMOKING; EXPOSURE; CHILDHOOD; ASTHMA AB Study objective: To determine what factors predict cotinine levels in US children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: Nationally representative sample of 5,653 US children, both with and without reported tobacco smoke exposure in their homes. Methods: We stratified the children into those with reported passive smoke exposure at home and those without this exposure. We used regression models to predict the log of the cotinine level of the participants with the following independent covariates: age; race/ethnicity; number of rooms in the home; sex; parental education; family, poverty index; family size; region; and, among children with reported passive smoke exposure, the number of cigarettes smoked in the home. Results: Children exposed to passive smoke had a mean cotinine level of 1.66 ng/mL, and children not exposed to passive smoke had a mean level of 0.31 ng/mL. Among children with reported smoke exposure, non-Mexican-American race/ethnicity, young age, low number of rooms in the home, low parental education, and an increasing number of cigarettes smoked in the home were predictors of increased serum cotinine levels. Among children with no reported smoke exposure, significant predictors of increased cotinine levels included black race, young age, Midwest region of the United States, low number of rooms in the home, low parental education, large family size, and low family poverty index. Conclusion: While the reported number of cigarettes smoked in the home is the most important predictor of cotinine levels in children exposed to smoke and may provide an opportunity for clinical intervention, other demographic factors are important among children both with and without reported smoke exposure. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Off Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Med, Div Clin Pharmacol, San Francisco, CA USA. Repace Associates, Bowie, MD USA. RP Mannino, DM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Air Pollut & Resp Hlth Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-17, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mannino, David/0000-0003-3646-7828 NR 18 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER COLL CHEST PHYSICIANS PI NORTHBROOK PA 3300 DUNDEE ROAD, NORTHBROOK, IL 60062-2348 USA SN 0012-3692 J9 CHEST JI Chest PD SEP PY 2001 VL 120 IS 3 BP 718 EP 724 DI 10.1378/chest.120.3.718 PG 7 WC Critical Care Medicine; Respiratory System SC General & Internal Medicine; Respiratory System GA 472EN UT WOS:000170970700010 PM 11555498 ER PT J AU Lotric-Furlan, S Avsic-Zupanc, T Petrovec, M Nicholson, WL Sumner, JW Childs, JE Strle, F AF Lotric-Furlan, S Avsic-Zupanc, T Petrovec, M Nicholson, WL Sumner, JW Childs, JE Strle, F TI Clinical and serological follow-up of patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in Slovenia SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NEW-YORK; EUROPE; LYME; WISCONSIN; INFECTION; DISEASE; AGENT; FEVER AB An evaluation of the clinical outcome and the duration of the antibody response of patients with human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) was undertaken in Slovenia. Adult patients with a febrile illness occurring within 6 weeks of a tick bite were classified as having probable or confirmed HGE based on the outcome of serological or PCR testing. Thirty patients (median age, 44 years) were enrolled, and clinical evaluations and serum collection were undertaken at initial presentation and at 14 days, 6 to 8 weeks, and 3 to 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. An indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) was performed, and reciprocal titers of greater than or equal to 128 were interpreted as positive. Patients presented a median of 4 days after the onset of fever and were febrile for a median of 7.5 days; four (13.3%) received doxycycline. Seroconversion was observed in 3 of 30 (10.0%) patients, and 25 (83.3%) showed >4-fold change in antibody titer. PCR results were positive in 2 of 3 (66.7%) seronegative patients but in none of 27 seropositive patients at the first presentation. IFA antibody titers of greater than or equal to 128 were found in 14 of 29 (48.3%), 17 of 30 (56.7%), 13 of 30 (43.4%), and 12 of 30 (40.0%) patients 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after presentation, respectively. Patients reporting additional tick bites during the study had significantly higher antibody titers at most time points during follow-up. No long-term clinical consequences were found during follow-up. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Ljubljana 1525, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lotric-Furlan, S (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Japljeva 2, Ljubljana 1525, Slovenia. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 25 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 899 EP 903 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.899-903.2001 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 471ZR UT WOS:000170959000010 PM 11527800 ER PT J AU Prince, HE Wilson, M AF Prince, HE Wilson, M TI Simplified assay for measuring Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G avidity SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OCULAR TOXOPLASMOSIS; IGG AVIDITY; DIAGNOSIS; INFECTION; PREGNANCY AB A Toxoplasma gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed that combines the accuracy of assays based on end point titers and the relative ease of assays based on optical density values. Like published procedures, the new assay's avidity index (AI) was based on differential T. gondii-specific IgG reactivity in serum-treated wells washed with urea buffer versus that in wells washed with control buffer; unlike previous assays, however, the IgG reactivity was measured quantitatively using a standard curve. The assay was evaluated using 24 IgG-positive and IgM-positive sera collected within 5 months of the onset of symptoms (recent-infection group) and 25 IgG-positive and IgM-negative sera (past-infection group). All sera in the recent-infection group exhibited AI values of <0.18, whereas all sera in the past-infection group exhibited AI values of >0.27. The AI values of the recent-infection group showed significant correlation with the number of days after the onset of symptoms. A subset of 16 sera (8 recent and 8 past) was tested using a commercially available T. gondii IgG avidity ELISA based on end point titration; the results of the two assays showed highly significant correlation (R-2 = 0.9125). In addition, we confirmed and extended the findings of other investigators, showing that AI values calculated using optical density values, but not AI values calculated using quantitative IgG values, varied significantly depending on the serum dilution used. This new assay should facilitate the accurate measurement of T. gondii IgG avidity in a reference laboratory setting. C1 Focus Technol, Cypress, CA 90630 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Reference Immunodiagnost Lab, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Prince, HE (reprint author), Focus Technol, 5785 Corp Ave, Cypress, CA 90630 USA. NR 13 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 904 EP 908 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.904-908.2001 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 471ZR UT WOS:000170959000011 PM 11527801 ER PT J AU Corchero, JL Mar, EC Spira, TJ Pellett, PE Inoue, N AF Corchero, JL Mar, EC Spira, TJ Pellett, PE Inoue, N TI Comparison of serologic assays for detection of antibodies against human herpesvirus 8 SO CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC LABORATORY IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SARCOMA-ASSOCIATED HERPESVIRUS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; MOTHER-TO-CHILD; KAPOSIS-SARCOMA; HUMAN-HERPESVIRUS-8 INFECTION; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE ASSAYS; SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; GENERAL-POPULATION; DNA-SEQUENCES; SALIVA AB Improvement of serologic assays for detection of antibodies against human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is critical to better understand its epidemiology and biology. We produced the HHV-8 latent (OPF73) and lytic (ORF65, K8.1, and glycoprotein B) antigens in the Semliki Forest virus system and evaluated their performance in immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). These assays were compared with other latent antigen-based assays, including an IFA based on primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells and an ELISA based on bacterially expressed ORF73 antigen, as well as with other lytic antigen-based assays, including an IFA based on induced PEL cells, a commercial ELISA based on purified virions, and ELISAs based on K8.1- and ORF65-derived oligopeptides. We used a panel of 180 serum specimens obtained from three groups expected to have high, intermediate, and low HHV-8 prevalences. Using three different evaluation methods, we found that (i) the performances of the lytic antigen-based ELISAs were almost equivalent, (ii) the lytic antigen-based assays were more sensitive than the latent antigen-based assays, and (iii) in general, IFAs were more sensitive than ELISAs based on the same open reading frame. We also found that serum specimens from healthy individuals contained antibodies cross-reactive with HHV-8 glycoprotein B that can potentially cause false-positive reactions in lytic PEL-based IFAs. Although this is not a substantial problem in most epidemiologic studies, it may confound the interpretation of data in studies that require high assay specificity. Because the K8.1-based IFA provides sensitivity similar to that of lytic PEL-based IFAs and improved specificity, it can be a useful alternative to the PEL-based IFAs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Inoue, N (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS-G18,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Corchero, Jose/G-8413-2016 OI Corchero, Jose/0000-0002-6109-144X NR 43 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1071-412X J9 CLIN DIAGN LAB IMMUN JI Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 913 EP 921 DI 10.1128/CDLI.8.5.913-921.2001 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 471ZR UT WOS:000170959000013 PM 11527803 ER PT J AU Alonso-Echanove, J Granich, RM Laszlo, A Chu, G Borja, N Blas, R Olortegui, A Binkin, NJ Jarvis, WR AF Alonso-Echanove, J Granich, RM Laszlo, A Chu, G Borja, N Blas, R Olortegui, A Binkin, NJ Jarvis, WR TI Occupational transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to health care workers in a university hospital in Lima, Peru SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 38th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy CY SEP 24-28, 1998 CL SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA ID NOSOCOMIAL TRANSMISSION; RISK; PREVALENCE; COUNTRIES; INFECTION; BRONCHOSCOPE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; MORTALITY AB From November 1996 through March 1997, presumptive active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was detected in 44 health care workers (HCWs) at a university hospital in Lima, Peru. To further assess the magnitude of the outbreak and determine risk factors for occupational Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission, we identified HCWs in whom active pulmonary TB was diagnosed from January 1994 through January 1998, calculated rates by year and hospital work area, and conducted a tuberculin skin test (TST) survey. Thirty-six HCWs had confirmed active pulmonary TB. The rate of TB was significantly higher among the 171 HCWs employed in the laboratory than among HCWs employed in all other areas. In multivariate analysis, the only independent risk factor for HCW M. tuberculosis infection in HWCs employed in the laboratory was the use of common staff areas. Very high rates of active pulmonary TB were detected among HCWs at this hospital, and occupational acquisition in the laboratory was associated with HCW-to-HCW transmission. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lab Ctr Dis Control, Int Union TB & Lung Dis, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Hosp Nacl Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru. RP Alonso-Echanove, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, MS-E55,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 33 IS 5 BP 589 EP 596 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 459VB UT WOS:000170271200001 PM 11477527 ER PT J AU McNeil, MM Nash, SL Hajjeh, RA Phelan, MA Conn, LA Plikaytis, BD Warnock, DW AF McNeil, MM Nash, SL Hajjeh, RA Phelan, MA Conn, LA Plikaytis, BD Warnock, DW TI Trends in mortality due to invasive mycotic diseases in the United States, 1980-1997 SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases CY MAR 08-11, 1998 CL ATLANTA, GEORGIA SP Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Council State & Terr Epidemiologists, Amer Soc Microbiol, Natl Fdn CDC, Alliance Prudent Use Antibiot, Amer Acad Pediat, Amer Assoc Blood Banks, Amer Assoc Hlth Plans, Amer Canc Soc, Amer Coll Prevent Med, Amer Hosp Assoc, Amer Med Assoc, Amer Mosquito Control Assoc, Amer Publ Hlth Assoc, Amer Sexually Transmitted Dis Assoc, Amer Soc Clin Pathologists, Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg, Amer Vet Med Assoc, Assoc Amer Vet Med Coll, Assoc Sch Publ Hlth, Assoc State & Terr Directors Hlth Promot & Publ Hlth Educ, Assoc State & Terr Hlth Officials, Assoc State & Terr Publ Hlth Lab Directors, Assoc Teachers Prevent Med, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Emory Univ, Sch Med, Fogarty Int Ctr, US FDA, Indian Hlth Serv, Infect Dis Soc Amer, Int Life Sci Inst, Int Soc Infect Dis, Int Soc Travel Med, Int Union Hlth Promot & Educ, Int Union Microbiol Soc, Minor Hlth Profess Fdn, Morehouse Sch Med, NASA, Natl Assoc City & County Hlth Officials, Natl Assoc State Publ Hlth Vetinarians, Natl Council Int Hlth, Natl Fdn Infect Dis, Natl Hispan Med Assoc, NIAID, Natl Med Assoc, NOAA, Off Sci & Technol Policy, Pan Amer Hlth Org, Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Soc Healthcare Epidemiol Amer, Soc Occupat & Environm Hlth, Soc Publ Hlth Educ, Carter Ctr, Henry J Kaiser Family Fdn, HMO Grp, Robert Wood Johnson Fdn, Rockefeller Fdn, World Bank, Us Agcy Int Dev, USDA, US Dept Def, US Dept State, US Dept Justice, US Dept Vet Affairs, US EPA, WHO ID HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS; ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; NOSOCOMIAL FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; OROPHARYNGEAL CANDIDIASIS; PROTEASE INHIBITORS; ORAL CANDIDOSIS; DOUBLE-BLIND; FLUCONAZOLE; PROPHYLAXIS; COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS AB To determine national trends in mortality due to invasive mycoses, we analyzed National Center for Health Statistics multiple-cause-of-death record tapes for the years 1980 through 1997, with use of their specific codes in the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9 codes 112.4-118 and 136.3). In the United States, of deaths in which an infectious disease was the underlying cause, those due to mycoses increased from the tenth most common in 1980 to the seventh most common in 1997. From 1980 through 1997, the annual number of deaths in which an invasive mycosis was listed on the death certificate (multiple-cause [MC] mortality) increased from 1557 to 6534. In addition, rates of MC mortality for the different mycoses varied markedly according to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status but were consistently higher among males, blacks, and persons greater than or equal to 65 years of age. These data highlight the public health importance of mycotic diseases and emphasize the need for continuing surveillance. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mycot Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Biostat & Informat Management Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Off Surveillance, Atlanta, GA USA. RP McNeil, MM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Epidemiol & Surveillance Div, Mailstop E-61,CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 34 TC 430 Z9 454 U1 0 U2 17 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 33 IS 5 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1086/322606 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 459VB UT WOS:000170271200008 PM 11486286 ER PT J AU Whitney, CG Schaffner, W Butler, JC AF Whitney, CG Schaffner, W Butler, JC TI Rethinking recommendations for use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; SURFACE PROTEIN-A; STREPTOCOCCUS-PNEUMONIAE INFECTIONS; IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1; POPULATION-BASED SURVEILLANCE; FUNCTIONAL ANTIBODY-ACTIVITY; HIGH-RISK ADULTS; CONJUGATE VACCINE; IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY; BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA AB Streptococcus pneumoniae remains a major cause of disease worldwide; the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains emphasizes the importance of disease prevention by use of vaccines. Recent studies have provided information that is useful for the evaluation of current vaccine recommendations. Recommendations target most people who are at high risk for invasive pneumococcal disease. However, higher risk has also been identified for African Americans and smokers, but these groups are not specifically targeted by current recommendations. The vaccine is effective against invasive disease in immunocompetent people, although studies in immunocompromised subjects have found few subgroups in which the vaccine appears to be effective. Questions with regard to optimal timing and indications for revaccination remain a challenge, because the duration of protection and effectiveness of revaccination remain unknown. New pneumococcal vaccines appear promising but will need to be tested against the performance of the polysaccharide vaccine. Improving delivery of the currently available pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine to adults who will benefit should be a high priority. C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Vanderbilt Univ, Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37212 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arct Invest Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Anchorage, AK USA. RP Whitney, CG (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C23,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 123 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 3 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 33 IS 5 BP 662 EP 675 DI 10.1086/322676 PG 14 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 459VB UT WOS:000170271200011 PM 11486289 ER PT J AU Gaynes, RP Culver, DH Horan, TC Edwards, JR Richards, C Tolson, JS AF Gaynes, RP Culver, DH Horan, TC Edwards, JR Richards, C Tolson, JS CA Natl Nosocomial Infections Surveil TI Surgical site infection (SSI) rates in the United States, 1992-1998: The National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System basic SSI risk index SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MONTHLY PHYSICIAN QUESTIONNAIRES; WOUND-INFECTION; ANTIBIOTIC-PROPHYLAXIS; POSTDISCHARGE SURVEILLANCE; HOSPITAL DISCHARGE; AMBULATORY SURGERY; CLASSIFICATION; PREVENTION; EFFICIENCY; CEFAZOLIN AB By use of the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) System's surgical patient surveillance component protocol, the NNIS basic risk index was examined to predict the risk of a surgical site infection (SSI). The NNIS basic SSI risk index is composed of the following criteria: American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3, 4, or 5; wound class; and duration of surgery. The effect when a laparoscope was used was also determined. Overall, for 34 of the 44 NNIS procedure categories, SSI rates increased significantly (P<.05) with the number of risk factors present. With regard to cholecystectomy and colon surgery, the SSI rate was significantly lower when the procedure was done laparoscopically within each risk index category. With regard to appendectomy and gastric surgery, use of a laparoscope affected SSI rates only when no other risk factors were present. The NNIS basic SSI index is useful for risk adjustment for a wide variety of procedures. For 4 operations, the use of a laparoscope lowered SSI risk, requiring modification of the NNIS basic SSI risk index. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gaynes, RP (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop E-55,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 57 TC 217 Z9 225 U1 0 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 33 SU 2 BP S69 EP S77 DI 10.1086/321860 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 463UG UT WOS:000170495200002 PM 11486302 ER PT J AU Joesoef, MR Karundeng, A Runtupalit, C Moran, JS Lewis, JS Ryan, CA AF Joesoef, MR Karundeng, A Runtupalit, C Moran, JS Lewis, JS Ryan, CA TI High rate of bacterial vaginosis among women with intrauterine devices in Manado, Indonesia SO CONTRACEPTION LA English DT Article DE bacterial vaginosis; IUD; STD; Indonesia ID PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE; PREGNANT-WOMEN; INFECTION; CHLAMYDIA; ABORTION; RISK AB Recent research reported that bacterial vaginosis (BV) might enhance the acquisition and transmission of HIV. BV is also associated with an increased risk of pelvic inflammatory disease, a disease also associated with intrauterine device (IM) insertion. To measure the magnitude of this problem, we conducted a prevalence survey of BV and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs; defined as current infections with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, and/or Trichomonas vaginalis) among all patients attending a family planning clinic in Manado from May to July 1999. BV was diagnosed by Gram stain using Nugent's criteria and vaginal trichomoniasis by wet mount or culture. Cervical infections with C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae were diagnosed by DNA probe. Of 357 patients, 116 (32.5%) had BV, 83 (23.3%) had trichomoniasis, 9 (2.5%) had chlamydia, and 8 (2.2%) had gonorrhea. The prevalence of STD was similar among users of all types of contraception. However, BV was more common among IUD users (47.2%) than among non-IUD users (29.9%). This association persisted after controlling for age, education, ever had douching, and any STD (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.8). BV was also associated with STD (41.3% in women with STD vs. 29.4% in women without). This association remained significant after adjusting for age, education, ever had douching, and IUD use (odds ratio 1.7, 95% Cl 1.1-2.9). Because we found that BV was associated with IUDs and that other studies reported that both BV and IUDs were associated with pelvic inflammatory disease, a Gram stain evaluation of BV may be considered prior to IUD insertion. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. Ali rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Bahagia Harapan Kita Fdn, Manado, Indonesia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Joesoef, MR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 25 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0010-7824 J9 CONTRACEPTION JI Contraception PD SEP PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1016/S0010-7824(01)00246-3 PG 4 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 492QX UT WOS:000172180000007 PM 11704096 ER PT J AU Kellar, KL Kalwar, RR Dubois, KA Crouse, D Chafin, WD Kane, BE AF Kellar, KL Kalwar, RR Dubois, KA Crouse, D Chafin, WD Kane, BE TI Multiplexed fluorescent bead-based immunoassays for quantitation of human cytokines in serum and culture supernatants SO CYTOMETRY LA English DT Article DE microspheres; flow cytometry; human cytokines; serum inhibition; heterophilic antibodies; multiplexed assays ID ANTIBODIES; ASSAYS AB Background: An increasing volume of data suggests a relationship between cytokine levels in human body fluids and disease pathogenesis. Traditionally, many individual assays would be performed to measure the large number of known cytokines and determine their associations with disease. A new technique for the simultaneous measurement of multiple cytokines in cell culture Supernatants by fluorescent microsphere-based flow cytometry was adapted to human sera. Methods: Multiplexed sandwich immunoassays for eight cytokines were developed by coupling cytokine-specific capture antibodies to beads with different emission spectra. The binding of biotinylated detection antibodies bound with a streptavidin-conjugated fluorochrome was analyzed. Recovery of "spiked" cytokines, sensitivity, and variability of the assays were evaluated. In addition, the results of the bead assays were compared with the results of commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) that used the same antibody pairs. Results: Correlations of the bead assays and the ELISAs were 0.974 (n = 18) for supernatant samples and 0.859 (n = 28) for serum samples. High, false-positive values observed with some sera, assumed to be produced by heterophilic antibodies, were reduced by preincubation with a cocktail of animal sera. Conclusions: Fluorescent bead-based immunoassays can be used to quantitate multiple cytokines in human sera and contribute to an understanding of the role of cytokines in disease processes. This methodogy is applicable to many combinations of purified analytes and high-affinity antibodies. Cytometry 45:27-36, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.dagger. C1 CDC, NCID, SRP MS D 34, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. So Illinois Univ, Sch Med, Div Neonatol, Springfield, IL USA. RP Kellar, KL (reprint author), CDC, NCID, SRP MS D 34, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 146 Z9 152 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0196-4763 J9 CYTOMETRY JI Cytometry PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 45 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1002/1097-0320(20010901)45:1<27::AID-CYTO1141>3.0.CO;2-I PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 472ZN UT WOS:000171015000004 PM 11598944 ER PT J AU Leibson, CL Williamson, DF Melton, LJ Palumbo, PJ Smith, SA Ransom, JE Schilling, PL Narayan, KMV AF Leibson, CL Williamson, DF Melton, LJ Palumbo, PJ Smith, SA Ransom, JE Schilling, PL Narayan, KMV TI Temporal trends in BMI among adults with diabetes SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Article ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; BODY-MASS INDEX; WEIGHT-LOSS; US ADULTS; INCREASING PREVALENCE; UNITED-STATES; MORTALITY; OVERWEIGHT; MELLITUS; OBESITY AB OBJECTIVE - Increasing obesity within the general population has been accompanied by rising rates of diabetes. The extent to which obesity has increased among people with diabetes is unknown, as are the potential consequences for diabetes outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - Community medical records (hospital and ambulatory) of all Rochester, Minnesota, residents aged 30 years who first met standardized research criteria for diabetes from 1970 to 1989 (n = 1,306) were reviewed to obtain data on BMI and related characteristics as of the diabetes identification date (+/-3 months), Vital status as of 31 December 1999 and date of death for those who died were obtained from medical records, State of Minnesota death tapes, and active follow-up, RESULTS - As of the identification date, data on BMI were available for 1,290 cases, Of the 272 who first met diabetes criteria in 1970-1974, 33% were obese (BMI greater than or equal to 30), including 5% who were extremely obese (BMI greater than or equal to 40), These proportions increased to 49% (P < 0.001) and 9% (P = 0.012), respectively, for the 426 residents who first met diabetes criteria in 1985-1989. BMI increased significantly with increasing calendar year of diabetes identification in multivariable regression analysis. Analysis of survival revealed an increased hazard of mortality for BMI greater than or equal to 41, relative to BMI of 23-25 (hazard ratio 1.60, 95% Cl 1.09-2.34, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS - The prevalence of obesity and extreme obesity among individuals at the time, they first met criteria for diabetes has increased over Lime, This is disturbing in light of the finding that diabetic individuals who are extremely obese are -,it increased risk of mortality compared with their nonobese diabetic counterparts. C1 Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Hlth Sci Res, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Internal Med, Scottsdale, AZ USA. Mayo Clin, Dept Internal Med, Scottsdale, AZ USA. RP Leibson, CL (reprint author), Mayo Clin & Mayo Fdn, Dept Hlth Sci Res, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA. RI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /J-9819-2012 OI Narayan, K.M. Venkat /0000-0001-8621-5405 FU NIA NIH HHS [AG08729]; NIAMS NIH HHS [AR30582] NR 32 TC 70 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD SEP PY 2001 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1584 EP 1589 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.9.1584 PG 6 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 466QT UT WOS:000170656800015 PM 11522703 ER PT J AU Brody, GH Jack, L Murry, VM Landers-Potts, M Liburd, L AF Brody, GH Jack, L Murry, VM Landers-Potts, M Liburd, L TI Heuristic model linking contextual processes to self-management in African American adults with type 2 diabetes SO DIABETES EDUCATOR LA English DT Article ID HEALTH-CARE; FOLLOW-UP; EDUCATION; BARRIERS; INTERVENTIONS; ADOLESCENTS; PROMOTION; OUTCOMES; CHILDREN; MELLITUS AB Purpose This article examines the influence of various environmental factors on the diabetes self-care practices of African American adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods A heuristic model was developed that considers how community barriers and supports, availability and use of insurance, diabetes education, medical provider-patient relationships, extended family processes, and psychological functioning may indirectly affect metabolic control through the patient's ability to regulate diabetes. Results The proposed model offers a framework to demonstrate the complexity of diabetes management that may be unique to the African American experience. Conclusions A comprehensive view of the environmental context will lead to new and more effective approaches in diabetes education and counseling for African American adults with type 2 diabetes. C1 Univ Georgia, Inst Behav Res, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Jack, L (reprint author), CDCP, Community Intervent Sect, Program Serv Branch,Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mail Stop K-10, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 51 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMER ASSOC DIABETES EDUCATORS PI CHICAGO PA STE 1240, 444 NORTH MICHIGAN AVE, CHICAGO, IL 60611-3901 USA SN 0145-7217 J9 DIABETES EDUCATOR JI Diabetes Educ. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 27 IS 5 BP 685 EP 693 DI 10.1177/014572170102700509 PG 9 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 473WU UT WOS:000171072600008 PM 12212018 ER PT J AU Crump, JA Murdoch, DR Baker, MG AF Crump, JA Murdoch, DR Baker, MG TI Emerging infectious diseases in an island ecosystem: The New Zealand perspective SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE; MURINE TYPHUS; EPIDEMIC; KAUKAPAKAPA AB Several unique features characterize infectious disease epidemiology in New Zealand. Historically, well-organized, government-run control programs have eliminated several zoonoses. More recently, however, communicable disease control has been mixed. Rates of rheumatic fever, tuberculosis, and enteric infections are high, and rates of meningococcal disease are increasing. These diseases are overrepresented in New Zealanders of Polynesian descent, who generally live in more deprived and overcrowded conditions than do those of European descent. Measles and pertussis epidemics are recurring because of inadequate vaccine coverage, despite a well-developed childhood immunization program. A progressive response to the HIV epidemic has resulted in relatively low rates of infection, particularly among injecting drug users; however, the response to other sexually transmitted infections has been poor. A key challenge for the future is to build on successful strategies and apply them to persisting and emerging infectious disease threats in a small, geographically isolated country with limited economic resources. C1 CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Canterbury Hlth Labs, Christchurch, New Zealand. Inst Environm Sci & Res, Porirua, New Zealand. RP Crump, JA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop A38,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 41 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 5 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 7 IS 5 BP 767 EP 772 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 489EQ UT WOS:000171979400001 PM 11747690 ER PT J AU Bean, NH Martin, SM AF Bean, NH Martin, SM TI Implementing a network for electronic surveillance reporting from public health reference laboratories: An international perspective SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID EMERGING INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; GLOBAL SURVEILLANCE; UNITED-STATES; COMMUNICATION; PREVENTION; COUNTRIES; ISSUES; FUTURE; SALMONELLA AB Electronic data reporting from public health laboratories to a central site provides a mechanism for public health officials to rapidly identify problems and take action to prevent further spread of disease. However, implementation of reference laboratory systems is much more complex than simply adopting new technology, especially in international settings. We describe three major areas to be considered by international organizations for successful implementation of electronic reporting systems from public health reference laboratories: benefits of electronic reporting, planning for system implementation (e.g., support, resources, data analysis, country sovereignty), and components of system initiation (e.g., authority, disease definition, feedback, site selection, assessing readiness, problem resolution). Our experience with implementation of electronic public health laboratory data management and reporting systems in the United States and working with international organizations to initiate similar efforts demonstrates that successful reference laboratory reporting can be implemented if surveillance issues and components are planned. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bean, NH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop C09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 7 IS 5 BP 773 EP 779 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 489EQ UT WOS:000171979400002 PM 11747687 ER PT J AU O'Connor, S Taylor, C Campbell, LA Epstein, S Libby, P AF O'Connor, S Taylor, C Campbell, LA Epstein, S Libby, P TI Potential infectious etiologies of atherosclerosis: A multifactorial perspective SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID CHLAMYDIA-PNEUMONIAE INFECTION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; HERPES-SIMPLEX VIRUS; PRIOR CYTOMEGALOVIRUS-INFECTION; CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT VASCULOPATHY; FUTURE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; SECONDARY PREVENTION TRIAL; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; SMOOTH-MUSCLE CELLS; ARTERY DISEASE AB Coronary heart disease (CHD) contributes substantially to illness and death worldwide. Experimental studies demonstrate that infection can stimulate atherogenic processes. This review presents a spectrum of data regarding the link between CHD and infection. In addition, the need for improved diagnostic tools, the significance of multiple pathogens, and potential intervention strategies are discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, MedStar Res Inst, Washington, DC 20010 USA. Harvard Univ, Brigham & Womens Hosp, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP O'Connor, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 97 TC 65 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 7 IS 5 BP 780 EP 788 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 489EQ UT WOS:000171979400003 PM 11747688 ER PT J AU Gerhardt, RR Gottfried, KL Apperson, CS Davis, BS Erwin, PC Smith, AB Panella, NA Powell, EE Nasci, RS AF Gerhardt, RR Gottfried, KL Apperson, CS Davis, BS Erwin, PC Smith, AB Panella, NA Powell, EE Nasci, RS TI First isolation of La Crosse virus from naturally infected Aedes albopictus SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH-CAROLINA; UNITED-STATES; ENDEMIC AREA; TENNESSEE; CULICIDAE; MOSQUITOS; DIPTERA; ENCEPHALITIS; TRISERIATUS; ABUNDANCE AB Le Crosse virus (LAC), a California serogroup bunyavirus, is the leading cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the United States and an emerging disease in Tennessee, West Virginia, and North Carolina. Human cases of LAC encephalitis in Tennessee and North Carolina have increased above endemic levels during 1997 to 1999 and may represent an expansion of a new southeastern endemic focus. This report describes the isolation of LAC virus from the exotic mosquito Aedes albopictus. The discovery of LAC virus in wild populations of Ae. albopictus, coupled with its expanding distribution in the southeastern United States, suggests that this mosquito may become an important accessory vector, potentially increasing the number of human cases in endemic foci or expanding the range of the disease. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA. N Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. State Tennessee Dept Hlth, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Gottfried, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 21 TC 115 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 10 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 7 IS 5 BP 807 EP 811 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 489EQ UT WOS:000171979400006 PM 11747692 ER PT J AU Effler, P Isaacson, M Arntzen, L Heenan, R Canter, P Barrett, T Lee, L Mambo, C Levine, W Zaidi, A Griffin, PM AF Effler, P Isaacson, M Arntzen, L Heenan, R Canter, P Barrett, T Lee, L Mambo, C Levine, W Zaidi, A Griffin, PM TI Factors contributing to the emergence of Escherichia coli O157 in Africa SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HEMOLYTIC-UREMIC SYNDROME; HEMORRHAGIC COLITIS; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; BLOODY DIARRHEA; WATER-TREATMENT; SAFE WATER; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; SHIGA; PCR AB In 1992, a large outbreak of bloody diarrhea caused by Escherichia coli O157 infections occurred in southern Africa. In Swaziland, 40,912 physician visits for diarrhea in persons ages >5 years were reported during October through November 1992. This was a sevenfold increase over the same period during 1990-91. The attack rate was 42% among 778 residents we surveyed. Female gender and consuming beef and untreated water were significant risks for illness. E. coli O157:NM was recovered from seven affected foci in Swaziland and South Africa; 27 of 31 patient and environmental isolates had indistinguishable pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. Compared with previous years, a fivefold increase in cattle deaths occurred in October 1992. The first heavy rains fell that same month (36 mm), following 3 months of drought. Drought, carriage of E. coli O157 by cattle, and heavy rains with contamination of surface water appear to be important factors contributing to this outbreak. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. S African Inst Med Res, Johannesburg, South Africa. GOAL, Dublin, Ireland. Ubombo Sugar Ltd, Big Bend, Swaziland. RP Effler, P (reprint author), State Hawaii Dept Hlth, 1250 Punchbowl St,Room 444, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. EM pveffler@mail.health.state.hi.us NR 37 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 7 IS 5 BP 812 EP 819 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 489EQ UT WOS:000171979400007 ER PT J AU Bjoersdorff, A Bergstrom, S Massung, RF Haemig, PD Olsen, B AF Bjoersdorff, A Bergstrom, S Massung, RF Haemig, PD Olsen, B TI Ehrlichia-infected ticks on migrating birds SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; EPIDEMIOLOGY; AGENT AB During the spring of 1996, an estimated 581,395 Ehrlichia-infected ticks were imported into Sweden by migrating birds. Ehrlichia gene sequences found in ticks collected from these migrating birds were identical to those of granulocytic ehrlichiosis found in domestic animals and humans in Sweden. These findings support the idea that birds may play a role in dispersing Ehrlichia. C1 Kalmar Cty Hosp, Res Ctr Zoonot Ecol & Epidemiol, Dept Infect Dis, SE-39185 Kalmar, Sweden. Lund Univ, Lund, Sweden. Umea Univ, Umea, Sweden. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Olsen, B (reprint author), Kalmar Cty Hosp, Res Ctr Zoonot Ecol & Epidemiol, Dept Infect Dis, SE-39185 Kalmar, Sweden. NR 10 TC 84 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 4 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 7 IS 5 BP 877 EP 879 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 489EQ UT WOS:000171979400017 PM 11747702 ER PT J AU Rhodes, MW Kator, H Kotob, S van Berkum, P Kaattari, I Vogelbein, W Floyd, MM Butler, WR Quinn, FD Ottinger, C Shotts, E AF Rhodes, MW Kator, H Kotob, S van Berkum, P Kaattari, I Vogelbein, W Floyd, MM Butler, WR Quinn, FD Ottinger, C Shotts, E TI A unique Mycobacterium species isolated from an epizootic of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENE; ULCERANS; IDENTIFICATION; TUBERCULOSIS; SEQUENCE; PCR; INFECTION; DISEASES; MARINUM AB We isolated a Mycobacterium sp. resembling Mycobacterium marinum and M. ulcerans from diseased striped bass (Morone saxatilis) during an epizootic of mycobacteriosis in the Chesapeake Bay. This isolate may represent an undescribed Mycobacterium species, based on phenotypic characteristics and comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Environm Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Fish Hlth Res Lab, Kearneysville, WV USA. RP Rhodes, MW (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Dept Environm Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. OI Ottinger, Christopher/0000-0003-2551-1985 NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 7 IS 5 BP 896 EP 899 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 489EQ UT WOS:000171979400023 PM 11747708 ER PT J AU Mayo, D Karabatsos, N Scarano, FJ Brennan, T Buck, D Fiorentino, T Mennone, J Tran, S AF Mayo, D Karabatsos, N Scarano, FJ Brennan, T Buck, D Fiorentino, T Mennone, J Tran, S TI Jamestown Canyon virus: Seroprevalence in Connecticut SO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth Lab, Hartford, CT USA. CDC, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dartmouth, MA USA. Yale Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Mayo, D (reprint author), Connecticut Dept Publ Hlth Lab, Hartford, CT USA. NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU CENTER DISEASE CONTROL PI ATLANTA PA ATLANTA, GA 30333 USA SN 1080-6040 J9 EMERG INFECT DIS JI Emerg. Infect. Dis PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 7 IS 5 BP 911 EP 912 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 489EQ UT WOS:000171979400029 PM 11747714 ER PT J AU Gao, WZ Li, Z Kaufmann, RB Jones, RL Wang, ZG Chen, YF Zhao, XQ Wang, NF AF Gao, WZ Li, Z Kaufmann, RB Jones, RL Wang, ZG Chen, YF Zhao, XQ Wang, NF TI Blood lead levels among children aged 1 to 5 years in Wuxi City, China SO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE lead; lead exposure; epidemiology; children; China ID NATIONAL-HEALTH; US POPULATION; EXPOSURE; CAPILLARY; NHANES AB The objective of this study was to determine mean blood lead levels and prevalence of elevated blood lead levels among 1- to 5-year-old children in Wuxi City, China. By use of a representative cross-sectional survey that included measurements of capillary blood lead, 1117 children aged 1-5 years were examined from October through December, 1997. The geometric mean blood lead level for children 1-5 years of age in Wuxi City was 8.2 pg/dL (0.40 pmol/L); 27.3% had blood lead levels greater than or equal to 10 pg/dL and 1.0% had blood lead levels greater than or equal to 20 mug/dL. Blood lead levels were significantly higher for males and for those living in industrial areas, particularly the Beitang, Mashan, and Xinqu districts. Residence in these districts and in the Jiaoqu industrialized district also increased the likelihood of an elevated blood lead level, with odds ratios ranging from 2.59 to 4.53. In conclusion, blood lead levels among Wuxi City children are high enough to be of concern, particularly in industrial areas. Further studies are needed to better define the extent of lead exposure among children in China. In addition, national standards for blood lead collection and measurement methods should be applied in China. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Beijing Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Beijing Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Beijing Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Instrument Lab, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Inst Wuxi Maternal & Child Hlth, Wuxi, Peoples R China. RP Gao, WZ (reprint author), Beijing Med Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Natl Ctr Maternal & Infant Hlth, Beijing 100083, Peoples R China. NR 49 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0013-9351 J9 ENVIRON RES JI Environ. Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 87 IS 1 BP 11 EP 19 DI 10.1006/enrs.2001.4281 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 472YX UT WOS:000171013500002 PM 11534960 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Lynberg, MC Erickson, JD AF Botto, LD Lynberg, MC Erickson, JD TI Congenital heart defects, maternal febrile illness, and multivitamin use: A population-based study SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fever; influenza; vitamins; congenital heart defects; ventricular septal defects; hypoplastic left heart; apoptosis; pregnancy ID NEURAL-TUBE DEFECTS; DEOXYNUCLEOTIDE POOL IMBALANCE; BIRTH-DEFECTS; CARDIOVASCULAR MALFORMATIONS; RISK-FACTORS; TEMPORAL TRENDS; CHICK-EMBRYOS; FOLIC-ACID; CELL-DEATH; HYPERTHERMIA AB We assessed the relation between febrile illness during pregnancy and cardiac defects in the offspring in a population-based case-control study in metropolitan Atlanta. Case infants (905) with cardiac defects were actively ascertained from multiple sources. Control infants (3,029) were infants without birth defects who were selected from birth certificates by stratified random sampling. We compared those whose mothers reported febrile illness from I month before pregnancy through the third month of pregnancy with those whose mothers reported no illness during the same period. Febrile illness was positively associated with the occurrence of heart defects in the offspring (odds ratio [OR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval = 1.4-2.4). When influenzalike illness was the reported febrile illness, the OR was 2.1 (95% confidence interval = 0.8-5.5). The association with febrile illness was strongest for tricuspid atresia (OR = 5.2), left obstructive defects (OR = 2.7), transposition of the great arteries (OR = 1.9), and ventricular septal defects (OR = 1.8). These ORs were generally lower among mothers who used multivitamins during the periconceptional period. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 44 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2001 VL 12 IS 5 BP 485 EP 490 DI 10.1097/00001648-200109000-00004 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 465GJ UT WOS:000170581000004 PM 11505164 ER PT J AU Botto, LD Loffredo, C Scanlon, KS Ferencz, C Khoury, MJ Wilson, PD Correa, A AF Botto, LD Loffredo, C Scanlon, KS Ferencz, C Khoury, MJ Wilson, PD Correa, A TI Vitamin A and cardiac outflow tract defects SO EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE vitamin A; retinol; congenital heart defect; teratogen; transposition of great arteries; tetralogy of Fallot; pregnancy; congenital abnormalities ID EARLY-PREGNANCY; BETA-CAROTENE; RETINOIC ACID; A INTAKE; GREAT-ARTERIES; NEURAL CREST; MALFORMATIONS; SAFETY; TERATOGENICITY; TRANSPOSITION AB To assess the relationship between maternal intake of vitamin A and cardiac outflow tract defects, we examined data from a population-based case-control study among liveborn infants born from 1987 through 1989 to mothers residing in the Baltimore Washington area. Case infants (126) had a nonsyndromic cardiac outflow tract defect. Control infants (679) did not have birth defects and were a stratified random sample of liveborn infants from the same area. The main exposure was average daily maternal intake of retinol and provitamin A carotenoids from foods and supplements during the year before conception. Compared with an average intake of less than 10,000 IU, retinol intake of 10,000 IU or more from supplements was associated with a ninefold increased risk for transposition of the great arteries (odds ratio = 9.2; 95% confidence interval = 4.0-21.2), but not for outflow tract defects with normally related arteries (odds ratio = 0.8; 95% confidence interval = 0.1-6.6). Similar intakes of carotenoids and dietary retinol were not associated with an increased risk for either type of outflow tract defect. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Prevent Med, Baltimore Washington Infant Study, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Botto, LD (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R37 HL25629] NR 39 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1044-3983 J9 EPIDEMIOLOGY JI Epidemiology PD SEP PY 2001 VL 12 IS 5 BP 491 EP 496 DI 10.1097/00001648-200109000-00005 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 465GJ UT WOS:000170581000005 PM 11505165 ER PT J AU Abner, SR Parthasarathy, G Hill, DE Mansfield, LS AF Abner, SR Parthasarathy, G Hill, DE Mansfield, LS TI Trichuris suis: Detection of antibacterial activity in excretory-secretory products from adults SO EXPERIMENTAL PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Trichuris suis; nematode; antibacterial; Campylobacter jejuni; Campylobacter coli; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus; Enterococcus faecalis; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Streptococcus pneumoniae ID RICH ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDE; NEMATODE ASCARIS-SUUM; CDNA CLONING; BOMBYX-MORI; PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; ENTAMOEBA-HISTOLYTICA; PURIFICATION; TRANSPORT; SILKWORM; PROTEIN AB Antibacterial activity was detected in excretory-secretory products (ESP) of adult Trichuris suis cultured in vitro in serum-free media. Gram-negative bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter call, and Escherichia colt) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) were sensitive to ESR Susceptibility was dependent on the concentration, of ESP but not on the inoculum size. Preliminary assessment of the mode of action suggests a bacteriocidal mechanism. This antibacterial activity was heat stable and resistant to digestion with pronase E and trypsin. Based on ultrafiltration experiments, the activity is less than 10,000 MW. This excreted/secreted antibacterial activity from T. suis, is likely a component of a humoral defense system for this helminth. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Michigan State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Natl Food Safety & Toxicol Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. ARS, USDA, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Abner, SR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Mansfield, Linda S./0000-0002-7523-7577 FU PHS HHS [61-0954] NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0014-4894 J9 EXP PARASITOL JI Exp. Parasitol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 99 IS 1 BP 26 EP 36 DI 10.1006/expr.2001.4643 PG 11 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 497JW UT WOS:000172452600004 PM 11708831 ER PT J AU Santelli, JS Robin, L Brener, ND Lowry, R AF Santelli, JS Robin, L Brener, ND Lowry, R TI Timing of alcohol and other drug use and sexual risk behaviors among unmarried adolescents and young adults SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID SUBSTANCE USE; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; RELIABILITY; INVOLVEMENT; PATTERNS; WOMEN AB Context: Although alcohol and drug use by young people has been associated with sexual risk behavior in some research, detailed data are lacking on the timing of substance use in relationship to sexual risk-taking. Methodology: Cross-sectional data on 7,441 unmarried young people aged 14-22 from the 1992 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (household supplement) were used in the analysis. Alcohol and other drug use at last sexual intercourse, substance use in the past 30 days (recent use), the number of different substances ever used (lifetime use) and age at initiation of alcohol use are examined here. The outcome variables assessed through multivariate regression analyses were condom use at last intercourse and more than one sexual partner in the past three months. Results: Failure to use a condom was strongly associated with the lifetime substance-use scale or, alternatively, with age at initiation of alcohol. Once the number of substances ever used was controlled for, neither substance use at last sexual intercourse nor recent use was associated with the likelihood of using a condom at last coitus. Among young men and women, recent substance use and use of either alcohol or drugs at last intercourse were both strongly associated with having had more than one sexual partner in the past three months. For females only, lifetime use also increased the probability of recent multiple partners. Conclusions: The relationships between alcohol and other drug use and two sexual behaviors-condom use and multiple partners-suggest distinct mechanisms of influence and the need for different prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Program Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Dev Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Santelli, JS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Reprod Hlth, Program Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 28 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 2 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 33 IS 5 BP 200 EP 205 DI 10.2307/2673782 PG 6 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 477FK UT WOS:000171272300002 PM 11589540 ER PT J AU Hillis, SD Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Marchbanks, PA AF Hillis, SD Anda, RF Felitti, VJ Marchbanks, PA TI Adverse childhood experiences and sexual risk behaviors in women: A retrospective cohort study SO FAMILY PLANNING PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article ID HOUSEHOLD DYSFUNCTION; RANDOMIZED TRIAL; HOME VISITATION; ABUSE; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; PREGNANCY; DEFINITION; AMERICAN; PARTNERS AB Context: Adverse childhood experiences such as physical abuse and sexual abuse have been shown to be related to subsequent unintended pregnancies and infection with sexually transmitted diseases. However, the extent to which sexual risk behaviors in women are associated with exposure to adverse experiences during childhood is not well-understood. Methods: A total of 5,060 female members of a managed care organization provided information about seven categories of adverse childhood experiences: having experienced emotional, physical or sexual abuse; or having had a battered mother or substance-abusing, mentally ill or criminal household members. Logistic regression was used to model the association between cumulative categories of up to seven adverse childhood experiences and such sexual risk behaviors as early onset of intercourse, 30 or more sexual partners and self-perception as being at risk for AIDS. Results: Each category of adverse childhood experiences was associated with an increased risk of intercourse by age 15 (odds ratios, 1.6-2.6), with perceiving oneself as being at risk of AIDS (odds ratios, 1.5-2.6) and with having had 30 or more partners (odds ratios, 1.6-3.8). After adjustment for the effects of age at interview and race, women who experienced rising numbers of types of adverse childhood experiences were increasingly likely to see themselves as being at risk of AIDS: Those with one such experience had a slightly elevated likelihood (odds ratio, 1.2), while those with 4-5 or 6-7 such experiences had substantially elevated adds (odds ratios, 1.8 and 4.9, respectively). Similarly, the number of types of adverse experiences was tied to the likelihood of having had 30 or more sexual partners, rising from odds of 1.6 for those with one type of adverse experience and 1.9 for those with two to odds of 8.2 among those with 6-7. Finally, the chances that a woman first had sex by age 15 also rose progressively with increasing numbers of such experiences, from odds of 1.8 among those with one type of adverse childhood experience to 7.0 among those with 6-7. Conclusions: Among individuals with a history of adverse childhood experiences, risky sexual behavior may represent their attempts to achieve Intimate interpersonal connections. Having grown up in families unable to provide needed protection, such individuals maybe unprepared to protect themselves and may underestimate the risks they take in their attempts to achieve intimacy. if so, coping with such problems represents a serious public health challenge. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, Atlanta, GA USA. Kaiser Permanente, So Calif Permanente Med Grp, Dept Prevent Med, San Diego, CA USA. RP Hillis, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, CDC, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Adverse Childhood Experiences Study, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 33 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 0 U2 15 PU ALAN GUTTMACHER INST PI NEW YORK PA 120 WALL STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10005 USA SN 0014-7354 J9 FAM PLANN PERSPECT JI Fam. Plann. Perspect. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 33 IS 5 BP 206 EP 211 DI 10.2307/2673783 PG 6 WC Demography; Family Studies SC Demography; Family Studies GA 477FK UT WOS:000171272300003 PM 11589541 ER PT J AU Nayar, JK Karabatsos, N Knight, JW Godsey, M Chang, J Mitchell, CJ AF Nayar, JK Karabatsos, N Knight, JW Godsey, M Chang, J Mitchell, CJ TI Mosquito hosts of arboviruses from Indian River County, Florida, during 1998 SO FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGIST LA English DT Article DE arbovirues; Tensaw; Keystone; mosquitoes; Culex nigripalpus; Aedes albopictus; Coquilletidia perturbans; Anopheles crucians; Wyeomyia vanduzeei ID BUNYAMWERA AB Adult mosquitoes were collected for virus isolation from two sites in Indian River County, FL, from May 5 through August 13, 1998 using dry ice-baited CDC light traps (81 trap-nights) and CDC gravid traps (254 trap-nights). A total of 46,150 female mosquitoes (923 mosquito-pools, 50 females/pool) were processed for virus isolation. These females represented 18 species of mosquitoes, with Culex nigripalpus comprising 77.4% of all mosquitoes collected, followed by Aedes infirmatus (4.9%), Ae. vexans (4.0%) and Cx. erraticus (2.4%). No St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) and eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus isolates were obtained. Keystone (KEY) and Tensaw (TEN) viruses were isolated from Ac. albopictus (one isolate of KEY); Anopheles crucians (two isolates of TEN); Cx. nigripalpus (one isolate of TEN and 2 isolates of KEY); Coquilletidia perturbans (two isolates of TEN); and Wyeomyia vanduzeei (one isolate of TEN). All isolates were obtained from mosquitoes collected in CDC light traps, except for the KEY virus isolate from Ae. albopictus, which was collected in a CDC gravid trap. The isolation of TEN virus from Wy. vanduzeei is a first record for Florida. C1 Univ Florida, IFAS, Florida Med Entomol Lab, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Nayar, JK (reprint author), Univ Florida, IFAS, Florida Med Entomol Lab, 200 9th St SE, Vero Beach, FL 32962 USA. NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 6 U2 9 PU FLORIDA ENTOMOLOGICAL SOC PI LUTZ PA 16125 E LAKE BURRELL DR, LUTZ, FL 33548 USA SN 0015-4040 J9 FLA ENTOMOL JI Fla. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 84 IS 3 BP 376 EP 379 DI 10.2307/3496495 PG 4 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 480HJ UT WOS:000171455700007 ER PT J AU Burke, W Coughlin, SS Lee, NC Weed, DL Khoury, MJ AF Burke, W Coughlin, SS Lee, NC Weed, DL Khoury, MJ TI Application of population screening principles to genetic screening for adult-onset conditions SO GENETIC TESTING LA English DT Article ID FACTOR-V LEIDEN; BREAST-CANCER SUSCEPTIBILITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH PERSPECTIVES; HUMAN GENOME PROJECT; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; FOLLOW-UP CARE; HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS; INFORMED CONSENT; OVARIAN-CANCER; HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE AB Recent advances in molecular genetics have highlighted the potential use of genetic testing to screen for adult-onset chronic diseases. Several issues must be addressed, however, before such tests can be recommended for population-based prevention programs. These issues include the adequacy of the scientific evidence, the balance of risks and benefits, the need for counseling and informed consent, and the costs and resources required. Ongoing assessment of the screening program and quality assurance of laboratory testing are also needed. This paper considers the application of general principles for mass screening to genetic testing for susceptibility to adult-onset chronic diseases. Evaluation of proposals for genetic screening in context of these principles reveals that needed evidence is often absent, particularly with respect to the predictive value of tests, efficacy of interventions, and social consequences of testing. The principles of population screening are developed into a framework for public health policy on genetic screening that has three stages: assessment of the screening test and interventions for those who test positive, including assessment of risks and costs, policy development, and program evaluation. Essential elements are identified, including evaluation of evidence and processes for consensus development and program evaluation. The proposed framework for public health policymaking outlined in this commentary, when combined with future efforts that involve an authoritative consensus process, may be useful for the evaluation and planning of genetic screening programs aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality from adult-onset chronic diseases. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NCI, Div Canc Prevent, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Off Genet & Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Burke, W (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Box 357120,1959 NE Pacific,Room A204, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 97 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1090-6576 J9 GENET TEST JI Genet. Test. PD FAL PY 2001 VL 5 IS 3 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.1089/10906570152742245 PG 11 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Genetics & Heredity; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 509FW UT WOS:000173136500005 PM 11788085 ER PT J AU Crawford, DC Acuna, JM Sherman, SL AF Crawford, DC Acuna, JM Sherman, SL TI FMR1 and the fragile X syndrome: Human genome epidemiology review SO GENETICS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE fragile X syndrome; FMR1; FRAXA; mental retardation; epidemiology; review ID MENTAL-RETARDATION PROTEIN; RNA-BINDING PROTEIN; RAPID ANTIBODY-TEST; HAIR ROOT ANALYSIS; CGG-REPEAT; RETARDED MALES; PRENATAL-DIAGNOSIS; FULL MUTATION; DNA DIAGNOSIS; LEARNING-DIFFICULTIES AB The fragile X syndrome, an X-linked dominant disorder with reduced penetrance, is one of the most common forms of inherited mental retardation. The cognitive, behavioral, and physical phenotype varies by sex, with males being more severely affected because of the X-linked inheritance of the mutation. The disorder-causing mutation is the amplification of a CGG repeat in the 5 ' untranslated region of FMR1 located at Xq27.3. The fragile X CGG repeat has four forms: common (6-40 repeats), intermediate (41-60 repeats), premutation (61-200 repeats), and full mutation (> 200-230 repeats). Population-based studies suggest that the prevalence of the full mutation, the disorder-causing form of the repeat, ranges from 1/3,717 to 1/8,918 Caucasian males in the general population. The full mutation is also found in other racial/ethnic populations; however, few population-based studies exist for these populations. No population-based studies exist for the full mutation in a general female population. In contrast, several large, population-based studies exist for the premutation or carrier form of the disorder, with prevalence estimates ranging from 1/246 to 1/468 Caucasian females in the general population. For Caucasian males, the prevalence of the premutation is similar to1/1,000. Like the full mutation, little information exists for the premutation in other populations. Although no effective cure or treatment exists for the fragile X syndrome, all persons affected with the syndrome are eligible for early intervention services. The relatively high prevalence of the premutation and full mutation genotypes coupled with technological advances in genetic testing make the fragile X syndrome amenable to screening. The timing as well as benefits and harms associated with the different screening strategies are the subject of current research and discussion. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Program Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Reprod Hlth, CDC,Assignee Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Crawford, DC (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, 4770 Buford Highway NE,MS F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RI Crawford, Dana/C-1054-2012 FU NICHD NIH HHS [R01 HD029909, R01 HD29909] NR 154 TC 296 Z9 306 U1 4 U2 28 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1098-3600 J9 GENET MED JI Genet. Med. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 3 IS 5 BP 359 EP 371 DI 10.1097/00125817-200109000-00006 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 474EX UT WOS:000171094300006 PM 11545690 ER PT J AU Bode, G Glasauer, U Song, Q Wichelhaus, A AF Bode, G Glasauer, U Song, Q Wichelhaus, A TI Characteristics of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity of children SO GUT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Basel, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BMJ PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 EI 1468-3288 J9 GUT JI Gut PD SEP PY 2001 VL 49 SU 2 MA 612 BP A33 EP A33 PG 1 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 476NB UT WOS:000171232500117 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG McMahon, BJ Hennessy, TW Sacco, FD Hurlburt, DA Parks, DJ Reasonover, AL Hamlin, CE Morris, JM Berg, DE Dailidiene, D Dailide, G Johnston, JM Parkinson, AJ AF Bruce, MG McMahon, BJ Hennessy, TW Sacco, FD Hurlburt, DA Parks, DJ Reasonover, AL Hamlin, CE Morris, JM Berg, DE Dailidiene, D Dailide, G Johnston, JM Parkinson, AJ TI High frequency of metronidazole and clarithromycin resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates from Alaska Natives SO GUT LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK USA. Alaska Native Med Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Mol Microbiol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Dept Genet, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BRITISH MED JOURNAL PUBL GROUP PI LONDON PA BRITISH MED ASSOC HOUSE, TAVISTOCK SQUARE, LONDON WC1H 9JR, ENGLAND SN 0017-5749 J9 GUT JI Gut PD SEP PY 2001 VL 49 SU 2 MA 112 BP A3 EP A4 PG 2 WC Gastroenterology & Hepatology SC Gastroenterology & Hepatology GA 476NB UT WOS:000171232500012 ER PT J AU Gostin, LO AF Gostin, LO TI The rights of pregnant women: The Supreme Court and drug testing SO HASTINGS CENTER REPORT LA English DT Editorial Material ID ABUSE C1 Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. CDC, Collaborating Ctr Law & Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gostin, LO (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. NR 7 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU HASTINGS CENTER PI BRIARCLIFF MANOR PA 255 ELM ROAD, BRIARCLIFF MANOR, NY 10510 USA SN 0093-0334 J9 HASTINGS CENT REP JI Hastings Cent. Rep. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 31 IS 5 BP 8 EP 9 DI 10.2307/3527697 PG 2 WC Ethics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Ethics; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Social Sciences - Other Topics; Health Care Sciences & Services; Medical Ethics; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 487HE UT WOS:000171867200008 PM 12974111 ER PT J AU McQueen, DV AF McQueen, DV TI Strengthening the evidence base for health promotion SO HEALTH PROMOTION INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE evidence; health promotion; public health AB This paper describes the evidence debate from the many players currently attempting to define best practices in health promotion. Expert opinions on the purpose of collecting evidence range from those who view evidence as a western notion of little use in the developing world to those who choose to focus on opportunities to demonstrate the effectiveness of health promotion. There is also much disagreement on what constitutes evidence. Some view evidence as strict outcomes of randomized clinical trials (RCT) and others place greater value on other unpublished sources, not traditionally viewed as valuable information. A challenge for health promotion in the new century is to foster and develop high quality, widely recognized and acceptable standards for evidence-based evaluation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, CDC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP McQueen, DV (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, CDC, MS K40,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 18 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0957-4824 J9 HEALTH PROMOT INT JI Health Promot. Int. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 IS 3 BP 261 EP 268 DI 10.1093/heapro/16.3.261 PG 8 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 475KB UT WOS:000171162200007 PM 11509462 ER PT J AU Celentano, DD DiIorio, C Hartwell, T Kelly, J Magana, R Maibach, E O'Leary, A Pequegnat, W Rotheram-Borus, MJ Schilling, R Amsel, J El-Bassel, N Ferreira-Pinto, JB Gleghom, A Ivanoff, A Jemmott, JB Jemmott, LS Martin, R Miller, S Murphy, D Raffaelli, M Rompalo, AM Schlenger, W Sikkema, K Somlai, A Alford, K Allende-Ramos, C Hackl, K Kuklinski, M Langabeer, KA Lee, MB Lopez, E Nava, P Parra, M Pranke, J Reid, H Sharpe-Potter, J Witte, S Villasenor, Y Wight, RG Hansen, N LaVange, L McFadden, D Perritt, R Poole, WK Gaydos, C Quinn, TC Mitnick, L Roberts, S Stover, E Bellack, AS Coates, T Crano, WD Francis, D Green, SB Moras, K AF Celentano, DD DiIorio, C Hartwell, T Kelly, J Magana, R Maibach, E O'Leary, A Pequegnat, W Rotheram-Borus, MJ Schilling, R Amsel, J El-Bassel, N Ferreira-Pinto, JB Gleghom, A Ivanoff, A Jemmott, JB Jemmott, LS Martin, R Miller, S Murphy, D Raffaelli, M Rompalo, AM Schlenger, W Sikkema, K Somlai, A Alford, K Allende-Ramos, C Hackl, K Kuklinski, M Langabeer, KA Lee, MB Lopez, E Nava, P Parra, M Pranke, J Reid, H Sharpe-Potter, J Witte, S Villasenor, Y Wight, RG Hansen, N LaVange, L McFadden, D Perritt, R Poole, WK Gaydos, C Quinn, TC Mitnick, L Roberts, S Stover, E Bellack, AS Coates, T Crano, WD Francis, D Green, SB Moras, K CA Natl Inst Mental Hlth Multisite HI TI Social-cognitive theory mediators of behavior change in the National Institute of Mental Health Multisite HIV Prevention Trial SO HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th World AIDS Conference CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 1998 CL GENEVA, SWITZERLAND DE HIV prevention intervention; social-cognitive theory; mediation analysis ID RISK-REDUCTION; SELF-EFFICACY; WOMEN; INTERVENTION; DISEASES AB The National Institute of Mental Health Multisite HIV Prevention Trial was a trial of an intervention to reduce sexual HIV risk behaviors among 3,706 low-income at-risk men and women at 7 U.S. research sites. The intervention, based on social-cognitive theory and designed to influence behavior change by improving expected outcomes of condom use and increasing knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy to execute safer sex behaviors, was effective relative to a control condition in reducing sexual risk behavior. At 3 months after completion of the intervention, measures of these potential mediators were higher in the intervention than in the control condition. Although the effect of the intervention on sexual risk behavior was significantly reduced when the variables were controlled statistically, supporting the hypothesis of their mediation of the intervention effect, most of the effect remained unexplained, indicating the influence of unmeasured factors on outcome. C1 NIMH, Multisite HIV Prevent Trial Grp, NIH, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Univ Houston, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Maryland, Data Safety & Monitoring Board, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Core Lab, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NIMH, Res Suppport Off, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Res Triangle Inst, Data Coordinating Ctr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08903 USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP O'Leary, A (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010; Potter, Jennifer/C-6720-2008 OI Potter, Jennifer/0000-0002-7250-4422 NR 33 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 6 U2 15 PU AMER PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOC PI WASHINGTON PA 750 FIRST ST NE, WASHINGTON, DC 20002-4242 USA SN 0278-6133 J9 HEALTH PSYCHOL JI Health Psychol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 20 IS 5 BP 369 EP 376 DI 10.1037//0278-6133.20.5.369 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Psychology SC Psychology GA 471KY UT WOS:000170929600007 ER PT J AU Tokars, JI Arduino, MJ Alter, MJ AF Tokars, JI Arduino, MJ Alter, MJ TI Infection control in hemodialysis units SO INFECTIOUS DISEASE CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA LA English DT Article ID HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; DIALYSIS-ASSOCIATED DISEASES; NON-B HEPATITIS; NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE; PYROGENIC REACTIONS; BLOOD-STREAM; NON-A; ANTIBODY; EPIDEMIOLOGY; OUTBREAK AB Infectious complications of hemodialysis include bacterial infections caused by contaminated water or equipment, other bacterial infections (including vascular access infections), and bloodborne viruses (primarily the hepatitis B and C viruses). Infections caused by contaminated water and equipment can be prevented by a well-designed water-treatment system, routine cleaning and disinfection of system components, and routine bacteriologic monitoring of dialysis water and dialysis fluid. Standard precautions with additional measures recommended specifically for dialysis centers will prevent transmission of bacteria and viruses from patient to patient. These precautions include routine use of gloves, handwashing, and cleaning and disinfection of the external surface of the dialysis machine and other environmental surfaces. In addition, preventing transmission of hepatitis B virus infection requires vaccination of susceptible patients and staff, avoiding dialyzer reuse, and use of a dedicated room, dialysis machine, and staff members when treating patients chronically infected with this virus. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Healthcare Outcomes Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Hosp Environm Lab Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Epidemiol Sect, Hepatitis Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Tokars, JI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Healthcare Outcomes Branch, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, 1600 Clifton Rd,MS E-69, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Arduino, Matthew/C-1461-2012 OI Arduino, Matthew/0000-0001-7072-538X NR 41 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU W B SAUNDERS CO PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE SQUARE WEST CURTIS CENTER, STE 300, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3399 USA SN 0891-5520 J9 INFECT DIS CLIN N AM JI Infect. Dis. Clin. North Am. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 15 IS 3 BP 797 EP + DI 10.1016/S0891-5520(05)70173-2 PG 18 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 473LL UT WOS:000171045400007 PM 11570142 ER PT J AU Greim, H Borm, P Schins, R Donaldson, K Driscoll, K Hartwig, A Kuempel, E Oberdorster, G Speit, G AF Greim, H Borm, P Schins, R Donaldson, K Driscoll, K Hartwig, A Kuempel, E Oberdorster, G Speit, G TI Toxicity of fibers and particles - Report of the Workshop Held in Munich, Germany, 26-27 October 2000 SO INHALATION TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ALVEOLAR EPITHELIAL-CELLS; POORLY SOLUBLE PARTICLES; CARCINOGENIC CHEMICALS; TISSUE RESPONSES; CLASSIFICATION; RETENTION; EXPOSURE; CLEARANCE; DUST; AREA C1 Tech Univ Munich, Inst Toxikol & Umwelthyg, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. Univ Dusseldorf, Med Inst Umwelthyg, Abt Faser & Partikel Toxikol, Dusseldorf, Germany. Napier Univ, Biomed Res Grp, Edinburgh EH14 1DJ, Midlothian, Scotland. Procter & Gamble Co, Human Safety Dept, Cincinnati, OH USA. Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Lebensmittelchem & Toxikol, Karlsruhe, Germany. NIOSH, Risk Evaluat Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Univ Rochester, Dept Environm Med, NIEHS, Environm Hlth Sci Ctr, Rochester, NY USA. RP Greim, H (reprint author), Tech Univ Munich, Inst Toxikol & Umwelthyg, Hohenbachernstr 15-17, D-85354 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. NR 42 TC 51 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0895-8378 J9 INHAL TOXICOL JI Inhal. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 13 IS 9 BP 737 EP 754 DI 10.1080/089583701316941285 PG 18 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 469JP UT WOS:000170811000001 PM 11498804 ER PT J AU Teixeira, LM Carvalho, MDS Espinola, MMB Steigerwalt, AG Douglas, MP Brenner, DJ Facklam, RR AF Teixeira, LM Carvalho, MDS Espinola, MMB Steigerwalt, AG Douglas, MP Brenner, DJ Facklam, RR TI Enterococcus porcinus sp nov and Enterococcus ratti sp nov., associated with enteric disorders in animals SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Enterococcus; taxonomy; DNA-DNA reassociation; whole-cell protein profiles ID STREPTOCOCCUS-DURANS; DIARRHEA; FAECIUM; STRAINS AB Recent insights have been brought to the taxonomy of the genus Enterococcus by studies applying whole-cell protein analysis and DNA-DNA reassociation experiments, in addition to conventional physiological tests. Using these techniques, a group of 10 strains resembling the physiological group III of enterococcal species was characterized. Five strains were recovered from pigs and five from rats with enteric disorders. On the basis of the results of conventional physiological tests, the most likely identity of these strains was Enterococcus durans or Enterococcus hirae. Analysis of the electrophoretic whole-cell protein profiles showed two distinct clusters of virtually indistinguishable profiles: one composed of strains isolated from pigs, and one composed of strains isolated from rats. These protein profiles were not similar to the profiles of any previously described Enterococcus species. The results of DNA-DNA relatedness experiments were consistent with the results of the protein-profile analysis. The high levels of DNA relatedness found for pig isolates demonstrated that they belong to a new enterococcal species, for which the designation Enterococcus porcinus sp. nov. is proposed (type strain = DS 1390-83(T) = ATCC 700913(T) = CCUG 43229(T) = NCIMB 13634(T)). Strains isolated from rats were found to comprise another new species, for which the designation Enterococcus ratti sp. nov. is proposed (type strain = DS 2705-87(T) = ATCC 700914(T) = CCUG 43228(T) = NCIMB 13635(T)). This report provides data on the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of these two new enterococcal species, which may represent diarrhoeagenic pathogens for animals. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Teixeira, LM (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1466-5026 J9 INT J SYST EVOL MICR JI Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 51 BP 1737 EP 1743 PN 5 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 475KH UT WOS:000171162800016 PM 11594604 ER PT J AU Backer, LC Esteban, E Rubin, CH Kieszak, S Mcgeehin, MA AF Backer, LC Esteban, E Rubin, CH Kieszak, S Mcgeehin, MA TI Assessing acute diarrhea from sulfate in drinking water SO JOURNAL AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB EVIDENCE THAT INGESTING WATER WITH HIGH SULFATE CONCENTRATIONS CAN LEAD TO DIARRHEA IN SUSCEPTIBLE POPULATIONS IS NOT SUFFICIENT TO SUPPORT CREATION OF A MAXIMUM CONTAMINANT LEVEL. C1 CDC, Emerging Environm Threats Team, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects,Natl Ctr Envi, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Food Safety Act, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Backer, LC (reprint author), CDC, Emerging Environm Threats Team, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects,Natl Ctr Envi, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER WATER WORKS ASSOC PI DENVER PA 6666 W QUINCY AVE, DENVER, CO 80235 USA SN 0003-150X J9 J AM WATER WORKS ASS JI J. Am. Water Work Assoc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 93 IS 9 BP 76 EP 84 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Water Resources SC Engineering; Water Resources GA 472KN UT WOS:000170983100013 ER PT J AU Schinsky, MF Padhye, AA McDonnell, M Brown, JM Stern, L AF Schinsky, MF Padhye, AA McDonnell, M Brown, JM Stern, L TI Pulmonary zygomycosis in an HIV-positive patient with end stage renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis SO JOURNAL DE MYCOLOGIE MEDICALE LA English DT Article DE zygomycosis; Rhizopus arrhizus; AIDS; HIV; end stage renal disease (ESRD); continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis; (CAPD); lobectomy; vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) ID MUCORMYCOSIS; INFECTION AB Introduction. Zygomycosis is a destructive, rapidly progressive, and often fatal infectious disease caused by environmentally ubiquitous fungi. Certain risk factors for developing this mycotic disease that have previously been described include: neutropenia, acidosis, high dose corticosteriod use, deferoxamine therapy or iron overload, kwashiorkor, and certain cytotoxic therapies. Patient. In this report, we present an HIV-positive patient with chronic atrial fibrillation and end stage renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) who developed isolated pulmonary zygomycosis and died after a complicated hospital course despite aggressive surgical treatment. The diagnosis was initially made pathologically from a lung biopsy smear and the etiologic agent, Rhizopus arrhizus, was subsequently isolated in pure culture from both an intrathoracic biopsy and a rib specimen, Comments. We have found only one case of isolated pulmonary zygomycosis in an HIV-positive patient in the English literature to date. Furthermore, we believe the present case represents the first report of a patient undergoing CAPD who developed non-peritoneal, non-disseminated pulmonary zygomycosis. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, New York, NY 10032 USA. RP Brown, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Bacteriol Reference Lab, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MASSON EDITEUR PI PARIS 06 PA 120 BLVD SAINT-GERMAIN, 75280 PARIS 06, FRANCE SN 1156-5233 J9 J MYCOL MED JI J. Mycol. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 11 IS 3 BP 161 EP 165 PG 5 WC Mycology SC Mycology GA 503DG UT WOS:000172782100010 ER PT J AU Rompalo, AM Shah, N Mayer, K Schuman, T Klein, RS Smith, DK Vlahov, D AF Rompalo, AM Shah, N Mayer, K Schuman, T Klein, RS Smith, DK Vlahov, D TI Influence of injection drug use behavior on reported antiretroviral therapy use among women in the HIV epidemiology research study: On-site versus referral care SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE antiretroviral therapy; HIV; injection drug use; HAART ID CLINICAL-TRIALS; INFECTION; DISEASE; COHORT; AIDS AB Background: HIV-infected injection drug users consistently report poor antiretroviral therapy use and little contact with health care providers. It has been suggested that the clinical setting where patients are seen affects the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether ease of access to medical care affects self-report of taking antiretroviral therapy, particularly among female injection drug users. Design: The study is a cross-sectional analysis from a prospective cohort study of HIV-infected women. Setting: Women were enrolled at four sites in the United States: Detroit, Michigan, and Providence, Rhode Island, where on-site HIV care and treatment were offered, and Baltimore, Maryland, and the Bronx, New York, where all participants were referred elsewhere for HIV care and treatment. Patients: Patients were HIV-infected women with no AIDS diagnosis or women who were at risk for HIV infection either through self-reported injection drug use since 1985 or through sexual contact. Measurements: The study measured self-reported use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) alone or combined with Pneumocystis carinii (PCP) prophylaxis in the previous 6 months. Results: In multivariate analysis including type of study site (on-site compared with referral care) and injection drug use, any self-reported ART use associated with low CD4 cell count category, older age, and race. However, at on-site care centers, women were equally likely to report ART use regardless of current, former, or no injection drug use, whereas at referral sites only women identified as sexual contacts were more likely to report any ART use, independent of all other variables. Conclusions: Easy access to medical care has an important impact on HIV-infected women receiving ART, particularly those who are active injection drug users. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Brown Univ, Sch Med, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Wayne State Univ, Sch Med, Detroit, MI USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Albert Einstein Coll Med, Bronx, NY 10467 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA USA. New York Acad Med, Ctr Urban Epidemiol Studies, New York, NY USA. RP Rompalo, AM (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Room 447,1830 E Monument St, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. FU CSP VA [U64CU506831, U64CU106795, U64CU306802, U64CU200798] NR 21 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 28 EP 34 PG 7 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 476FA UT WOS:000171214500005 PM 11579274 ER PT J AU Kellogg, TA McFarland, W Perlman, JL Weinstock, H Bock, S Katz, MH Gerberding, JL Bangsberg, DR AF Kellogg, TA McFarland, W Perlman, JL Weinstock, H Bock, S Katz, MH Gerberding, JL Bangsberg, DR TI HIV incidence among repeat HIV testers at a county hospital, San Francisco, California, USA SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE HIV incidence; sentinel surveillance; injection drug use; hospitals; San Francisco ID INJECTION-DRUG USERS; TESTING STRATEGY; INFECTION; PREVALENCE; YOUNG; RISK AB Objectives: To estimate HIV incidence, characterize correlates of HIV seroconversion, and monitor temporal trends in HIV transmission among patients repeatedly tested for HIV by a county hospital in San Francisco. Design: Retrospective longitudinal study. Methods: HIV incidence was retrospectively calculated among persons voluntarily tested for HIV antibody more than once at San Francisco's county hospital or one of its affiliated satellite community clinics between 1993 and 1999. Linkage of HIV test results in computerized databases identified "seroconverters" as individuals who had a negative antibody test followed by a positive test. The interval between tests was used as the person-time at risk. Cox proportional hazards analysis identified correlates of HIV seroconversion. Results: A total of 84 HIV seroconversions were identified among 2893 eligible patients repeatedly tested for HIV antibody over a cumulative 5860 person-years (PYs) (incidence of 1.4 per 100 PYs, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2-1.7). The majority of seroconversions (71 [84.5%]) were among injection drug users (IDUs) (incidence of 2.0 per 100 PYs, CI: 1.6-2.4). HIV incidence was highest among men who have sex with men (MSM) who were also IDUs (incidence of 3.8 per 100 PYs, CI 2.7-5.1) and lowest among non-IDUs, heterosexual men, and non-IDU women (incidence of 0.3 per 100 PYs, CI: 0.1-0.6). In multivariate analysis, correlates of HIV seroconversion were age 25 to 29 years (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.9, CI: 2.4-6.3), MSM (HR = 2.9, CI: 1.9-4.4), and IDU (HR = 3.2, CI: 1.8-5.8). Overall, no temporal trend in annual HIV incidence was noted during the study period; however, HIV incidence among MSM IDUs increased from 2.9 per 100 PYs in 1996 to 4.7 per 100 PYs in 1998. Conclusions: The rate of seroconversion in this hospital and affiliated clinic population is unexpectedly high. Moreover, HIV transmission among IDU patients has not decreased over the last several years. The San Francisco county hospital provides a high-risk sentinel population to monitor emerging trends in HIV transmission, especially among IDUs, and presents multiple opportunities for prevention interventions, because these patients are being seen repeatedly by clinicians. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Epidemiol & Prevent Intervent Ctr, Div Infect Dis, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Posit Hlth Program, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kellogg, TA (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 25 Van Ness Ave,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. FU ODCDC CDC HHS [U62/CCU906255-09-2, U62/CCU906255-08-3] NR 25 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 59 EP 64 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 476FA UT WOS:000171214500009 PM 11579278 ER PT J AU Orloff, SL Bulterys, M Vink, P Nesheim, S Abrams, EJ Schoenbaum, E Palumbo, P Steketee, RW Simonds, RJ AF Orloff, SL Bulterys, M Vink, P Nesheim, S Abrams, EJ Schoenbaum, E Palumbo, P Steketee, RW Simonds, RJ CA Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Trans TI Maternal characteristics associated with antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal zidovudine use in four US Cities, 1994-1998 SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE pregnancy; women; antiretroviral therapy; zidovudine; perinatal prevention; HIV ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; PERINATAL HIV-INFECTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; PREGNANT-WOMEN; UNITED-STATES; TRANSMISSION; RISK; PREVENTION; TYPE-1; TRENDS AB Objectives: To evaluate implementation of 1994 United States Public Health Service guidelines for zidovudine (ZDV) use in HIV-infected women and their newborns by describing the prevalence of use of perinatal ZDV and other antiretrovirals and by investigating determinants of not receiving perinatal ZDV. Design/Methods: The Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study is a prospective cohort study designed to collect information related to mother-to-child HIV transmission that was conducted in New York City (NY), Newark (NJ), Baltimore (MD), and Atlanta (GA), U.S.A. The current analysis was restricted to infants born between July 1994 and June 1998. Results: Utilization rates for antenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal ZDV increased from 41% to 70% during the 4-year period. Use of combination antiretrovirals increased from fewer than 2% of women in 1994 to 1995 to 35% in 1997 to 1998. Antenatal and neonatal ZDV use increased each year, but intrapartum ZDV use reached a plateau after 1996. Mother-infant pairs with the following characteristics were less likely to have received a complete 3-part ZDV regimen: older maternal age, CD4 count > 500 cells/mul, preterm birth, cocaine or heroin use during pregnancy, positive newborn drug screen test result, and smoking or alcohol use during pregnancy. By multivariate logistic regression adjusted for hospital and year of birth, cocaine or heroin use during pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-3.3), maternal CD4 count (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.8; comparing < 200 with > 500 cells/mul), and preterm birth (OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.5) remained independently associated with not receiving the complete ZDV regimen. Conclusions: ZDV use by pregnant HIV-infected women and their infants has increased dramatically since publication of the 1994 guidelines. Nevertheless, women who abuse substances, give birth preterm, or have less advanced immunosuppression, were at substantial risk of not receiving the complete ZDV regimen. C1 US Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Surveillance & Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Emory Univ, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Harlem Hosp Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. Montefiore Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. Univ Med & Dent New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103 USA. RP Orloff, SL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHSTP, DHAP, Epidemiol Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mailstop E-45, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 65 EP 72 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 476FA UT WOS:000171214500010 PM 11579279 ER PT J AU Nkengasong, JN Borget, MY Maurice, C Boateng, E Kalou, M Djomand, G Ekpini, R Eholie, S Bissagene, E Coulibaly, M Wiktor, SZ Roels, TH Chorba, T AF Nkengasong, JN Borget, MY Maurice, C Boateng, E Kalou, M Djomand, G Ekpini, R Eholie, S Bissagene, E Coulibaly, M Wiktor, SZ Roels, TH Chorba, T CA Joint United Nations Program AID TI Distribution of HIV-1 plasma RNA viral load and CD4(+) T-cell counts among HIV-infected Africans evaluated for antiretroviral therapy SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID VIROLOGICAL FAILURE C1 Projet RETRO CI, Initiat Grp, Joint UN Program AIDS Drug Access, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Hosp, Infect Dis Clin, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. UNAIDS, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, Initiat Grp, Joint UN Program AIDS Drug Access, Abidjan, Cote Ivoire. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 28 IS 1 BP 99 EP 101 PG 3 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 476FA UT WOS:000171214500016 PM 11579285 ER PT J AU Mainelis, G Willeke, K Baron, P Reponen, T Grinshpun, SA Gorny, RL Trakumas, S AF Mainelis, G Willeke, K Baron, P Reponen, T Grinshpun, SA Gorny, RL Trakumas, S TI Electrical charges on airborne microorganisms SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE airborne microorganisms; electrical charges; aerosolization ID BIOAEROSOL SAMPLERS; PARTICLE CHARGE; CELL-SURFACE; INDOOR ENVIRONMENT; AEROSOLS; AIR; SIZE; DEPOSITION; COLLECTION; LUNG AB We have investigated the parameters affecting the magnitude and polarity of the electric charges carried by biological particles in the airborne state. A recently developed experimental setup through which we analyzed the electric charges imposed on airborne particles by a means of induction charging (Mainelis et al. (Aerosol Sci. Technol. 2001, submitted for publication)) was utilized for this research. In this study, the microorganisms were aerosolized under controlled conditions and an electric mobility analyzer extracted particles of specific electric mobility. The extracted microorganisms were then analyzed by an optical particle size spectrometer. The amount of electric charge carried by airborne microorganisms was found to depend on the dispersion method and can be more than 10,000 elementary electric charges. This finding contrasts with the low electric charge levels carried by non-biological particles. Our data show that repeated pneumatic dispersion of sensitive bacteria affects their structural integrity, which, in turn, changes the magnitude of electric charges carried by these bacteria. We have concluded that the amount of electric charge carried by aerosolized bacteria may be used as an indicator of mechanical stress. It was also found that the electrical conductivity and the pH level of a bacterial suspension increase during aerosolization from a Collison nebulizer. Thus, these two parameters may be used as indicators of the mechanical stress, injury and loss in viability, endured by bacteria during aerosolization, i.e., measuring the electrical conductivity and pH level of bacterial suspensions may be a simple and convenient method for monitoring the "wear and tear" of the bacteria suspended in deionized water. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Aerosol Res & Exposure Assessment Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Mainelis, G (reprint author), Univ Cincinnati, Dept Environm Hlth, Aerosol Res & Exposure Assessment Lab, POB 670056, Cincinnati, OH 45267 USA. RI Mainelis, Gediminas/A-9340-2013 OI Mainelis, Gediminas/0000-0002-5837-0413 NR 78 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 32 IS 9 BP 1087 EP 1110 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(01)00039-8 PG 24 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 466FX UT WOS:000170635300004 ER PT J AU Teixeira, LM Barros, RR Castro, ACD Peralta, JM Carvalho, MDS Talkington, DF Vivoni, AM Facklam, RR Beall, B AF Teixeira, LM Barros, RR Castro, ACD Peralta, JM Carvalho, MDS Talkington, DF Vivoni, AM Facklam, RR Beall, B TI Genetic and phenotypic features of Streptococcus pyogenes strains isolated in Brazil that harbor new emm sequences SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GROUP-A STREPTOCOCCI AB In the present study, 37 group A Streptococcus (GAS) strains belonging to 13 new emm sequence types identified among GAS strains randomly isolated in Brazil were characterized by using phenotypic and genotypic methods. The new types were designated st204, st211, st213, st809, st833, st854, st2904, st2911, st2917, st2926, st3757, st3765, and st6735. All isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested, except to tetracycline. They all carried the speB gene, and 94.6% produced detectable SpeB. Most strains belonging to a given emm type had similar or highly related pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles that were distinct from profiles of strains of another type. The other characteristics were variable from isolate to isolate, although some associations were consistently found within some emm types. Unlike the other isolates, all type st213 isolates were speA positive and produced SpeA. Strains belonging to st3765 were T6 and opacity factor (OF) negative. Individual isolates within OF-positive emm types were associated with unique sof gene sequence types, while OF-negative isolates were sof negative by PCR. This report provides information on new emm sequence types first detected in GAS isolates from a geographic area not extensively surveyed. Such data can contribute to a better understanding of the local and global dynamics of GAS populations and of the epidemiological aspects of GAS infections occurring in tropical regions. C1 Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, CCS, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Teixeira, LM (reprint author), Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Inst Microbiol, CCS, Bloco 1,Cidade Univ, BR-21941 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 39 IS 9 BP 3290 EP 3295 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.9.3290-3295.2001 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 469VV UT WOS:000170837500043 PM 11526165 ER PT J AU Orloff, KG Hewitt, D Metcalf, S Kathman, S Lewin, M Turner, W AF Orloff, KG Hewitt, D Metcalf, S Kathman, S Lewin, M Turner, W TI Dioxin exposure in a residential community SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blood serum; dioxin; dioxin congeners; principal components analysis AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) conducted biological testing to assess dioxin exposure in residents of a community who lived in an area with heavy chemical industry. Dioxin concentrations were measured in blood scrum samples from 28 adult residents of the community Fourteen of those tested had blood dioxin concentrations that exceeded the 95th percentile prediction level of an age-matched comparison population. Specific congener analyses indicated that the elevated dioxin concentrations were primarily due to high concentrations of 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p- dioxin (TCDD), 1,2,3,7,8 pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PeCDD), and hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (HxCDs). Principal components analysis (PCA) indicated that the profiles of dioxin congeners were different in people with elevated blood dioxin concentrations compared to those with background concentrations, Elevated blood dioxin concentrations were detected only in older members of the population, which suggests that dioxin exposures were higher in the past. The sources of the dioxin exposure have not been identified. C1 Agcy Tox Subst & Dis Registry, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Orloff, KG (reprint author), 3119 Execut Pk, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 18 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI BASINGSTOKE PA HOUNDMILLS, BASINGSTOKE RG21 6XS, HAMPSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 1053-4245 J9 J EXPO ANAL ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Anal. Environ. Epidemiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 11 IS 5 BP 352 EP 358 DI 10.1038/sj.jea.7500175 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 485VB UT WOS:000171783700002 PM 11687908 ER PT J AU Taban, N Lutzker, JR AF Taban, N Lutzker, JR TI Consumer evaluation of an ecobehavioral program for prevention and intervention of child maltreatment SO JOURNAL OF FAMILY VIOLENCE LA English DT Article DE child abuse; ecobehavioral; intervention; consumer satisfaction; social validation ID HOME SAFETY; HEALTH-CARE; ABUSE; NEGLECT; VIDEO AB This study was conducted to evaluate parental satisfaction and acceptability of Project SafeCare, an intensive parent training program to prevent and treat child abuse and neglect with a focus on three areas of intervention: (1) home safety, (2) infant and child health care, and (3) bonding and stimulation. Social validation questionnaires were employed to evaluate the acceptability, the effectiveness, and the outcome of treatments based on parents' perspectives. The questionnaires were divided into four categories: outcome measures, process and procedures, staff performance, and training modes. Overall, Project SafeCare was reported to be very successful and parents reported high satisfaction with all three training programs. Parents rated the procedures, staff, and outcomes very positively. Although parents liked the videos and rated them positively, they seemed to prefer training by counselors to training by video. Data were collected on 45 families and the training was conducted over 15 weeks. C1 Claremont Grad Univ, Grad Program Appl Dev Psychol, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. Univ Judaism, Dept Psychol, Bel Air, CA USA. RP Taban, N (reprint author), CDCP, Prevent Dev & Evaluat Branch, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, 4770 Buford Highway,Mail Stop K-60, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 3 PU KLUWER ACADEMIC/PLENUM PUBL PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0885-7482 J9 J FAM VIOLENCE JI J. Fam. Violence PD SEP PY 2001 VL 16 IS 3 BP 323 EP 330 DI 10.1023/A:1011194417691 PG 8 WC Psychology, Clinical; Family Studies SC Psychology; Family Studies GA 463GN UT WOS:000170468900007 ER PT J AU Kung, HC Hanzlick, R Spitler, JF AF Kung, HC Hanzlick, R Spitler, JF TI Abstracting data from medical examiner/coroner reports: Concordance among abstractors and implications for data reporting SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 51st Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 15-21, 1999 CL ORLANDO, FLORIDA SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; medical examiner/coroner reports; medical examiner/coroner database; quality assurance ID ABBREVIATED INJURY SCALE; DEATHS AB The purpose of this study was two-pronged: 1) to determine the level of concordance (agreement) between multiple records abstractors who extracted defined data elements from printed medical examiner/coroner (ME/C) death investigation records; and 2) to identify data items for which improved reporting could facilitate the effective use of ME/C reports and data. Four hundred ninety four printed death investigation records were obtained from 224 medical examiner/coroner offices throughout the United States. Trained abstractors were asked to extract information for 110 data elements from investigative reports. Additional data elements for each toxicology workup were abstracted from toxicology laboratory reports and six-digit AIS codes were also abstracted for each injury as described in autopsy reports. The ability of multiple abstractors to identify each data element and identically abstract the data was assessed using Kappa statistical methods. Level of agreement for many data elements was very good (> 0.9), but for some data elements agreement was marginal to poor, especially for items related to toxicology, the nature of specific injuries, and dates, times of the occurrence of death and injury. Many data items can be easily abstracted from ME/C records. However, some data items seem difficult to abstract reliably in all cases. Standardizing the report formats used by ME/Cs and/or standardizing the electronic storage of ME/C data would make the abstraction of such data easier and improve the usefulness of ME/C data. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Kung, HC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCHS, 6525 Belcrest Rd,Rm 840, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 14 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1126 EP 1131 PG 6 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 471FL UT WOS:000170917800016 PM 11569554 ER PT J AU Nakano, T Shapiro, CN Hadler, SC Casey, JL Mizokami, M Orito, E Robertson, BH AF Nakano, T Shapiro, CN Hadler, SC Casey, JL Mizokami, M Orito, E Robertson, BH TI Characterization of hepatitis D virus genotype III among Yucpa Indians in Venezuela SO JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN SOUTH-AMERICA; SANTA-MARTA HEPATITIS; AMINO-ACID-SEQUENCES; DELTA-VIRUS; GENOME REPLICATION; RNA REPLICATION; AMAZON BASIN; ANTIGEN; INFECTION; TRANSMISSION AB The complete genome sequences of hepatitis D virus (HDV) strains isolated from three Yucpa Amerindians in Venezuela were determined and found to be genotype III. Comparison of these three genotype III sequences demonstrated the presence of a hypervariable region containing numerous substitutions, insertions/deletions and a highly conserved region containing the self-cleavage domains, which have been reported previously for genotypes I and II. Amino acid changes within the first 90 amino acids of the hepatitis D antigen (HDAg) were found in the genotype III sequences, while the remainder of the HDAg-coding sequence was conserved. The secondary structure for the RNA-editing site differed between genotypes I and III. It was concluded that the serious delta hepatitis outbreaks characterized epidemiologically in the Yucpa Amerindians were caused by HDV genotype III isolates that were related to HDV genotype III isolates from other regions of South America. C1 Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Georgetown Univ, Washington, DC 20057 USA. Nagoya City Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med 2, Nagoya, Aichi 4678601, Japan. RP Robertson, BH (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 43 TC 53 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AE, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0022-1317 J9 J GEN VIROL JI J. Gen. Virol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 82 BP 2183 EP 2189 PN 9 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 467MF UT WOS:000170707800018 PM 11514728 ER PT J AU Paddock, CD McKerrow, JH Hansell, E Foreman, KW Hsieh, I Marshall, N AF Paddock, CD McKerrow, JH Hansell, E Foreman, KW Hsieh, I Marshall, N TI Identification, cloning, and recombinant expression of procalin, a major triatomine allergen SO JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RHODNIUS-PROLIXUS; SALIVARY-GLANDS; INHIBITOR; PROTEINS; THROMBIN; SEQUENCE; PURIFICATION; TRIABIN; FAMILY; BUG AB Among the most frequent anaphylactic reactions to insects are those attributed to reduviid bugs. We report the purification and identification of the major salivary allergen of these insects. This 20-kDa protein (procalin) is a member of the lipocalin family, which includes salivary allergens from other invertebrates and mammals. An expression system capable of producing reagent quantities of recombinant allergen was developed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Antisera produced against recombinant protein cross-reacts with ELISA with salivary allergen. Recombinant Ag is also shown to react with sera from an allergic patient but not with control sera. By immunolocalization, the source of the salivary Ag is the salivary gland epithelium and its secretions. C1 Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Dept Vet Affairs Med Ctr, San Francisco, CA 94121 USA. Notre Dame De Namur Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Belmont, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McKerrow, JH (reprint author), Univ Calif San Francisco, Dept Pathol, Box 0506, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. NR 34 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC IMMUNOLOGISTS PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0022-1767 J9 J IMMUNOL JI J. Immunol. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 167 IS 5 BP 2694 EP 2699 PG 6 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 496JE UT WOS:000172391800035 PM 11509613 ER PT J AU Hyde, TB AF Hyde, TB TI Azithromycin chemoprophylaxis - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CDCP, Resp Dis Epidemiol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,NCID CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Hyde, TB (reprint author), CDCP, Resp Dis Epidemiol Sect, Resp Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,NCID CDC, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS C-23, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 5 BP 657 EP 657 DI 10.1086/322796 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 462PR UT WOS:000170429400022 ER PT J AU Bibb, WF Barrett, TJ Griffin, PM Banatvala, N AF Bibb, WF Barrett, TJ Griffin, PM Banatvala, N TI Assay validation is needed before presumption of Escherichia coli O157 : H7 infection in persons with hemolytic uremic syndrome - Reply SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Letter C1 CDCP, Immunol Lab, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bibb, WF (reprint author), CDCP, Immunol Lab, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD SEP 1 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 5 BP 658 EP 659 DI 10.1086/322827 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 462PR UT WOS:000170429400024 ER PT J AU Gage, KL Eggleston, ME Gilmore, RD Dolan, MC Montenieri, JA Tanda, DT Piesman, J AF Gage, KL Eggleston, ME Gilmore, RD Dolan, MC Montenieri, JA Tanda, DT Piesman, J TI Isolation and characterization of Borrelia parkeri in Ornithodoros parkeri (Ixodida : Argasidae) collected in Colorado SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Acarina; Argasidae; Ornithodoros parkeri; Borrelia parkeri; ticks ID RELAPSING FEVER; SOFT TICK; SPIROCHETE; CORIACEUS; BIOLOGY; ACARI AB This study describes the identification of Borrelia parkeri spirochetes in Colorado. Two isolates of B. parkeri (6230 and 6232) were recovered from Ornithodoros parkeri Cooley ticks collected at an inactive prairie dog town in Moffat County. Both isolates were partially characterized by sequencing and subsequent parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses of appropriate regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA, flagellin and P66 genes. Analyses of the 16S gene sequences from the Colorado isolates indicated that they were more closely related to B. parkeri and B. turicatae than to B. hermsii or the other species of Borrelia investigated in this study. Additional analyses of amino acid sequences for flagellin and P66, however, clearly demonstrated that isolates 6230 and 6232 were most closely related to B. parkeri. The possible significance of B. parked as an agent of human disease is discussed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. RP Gage, KL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENTOMOL SOC AMER PI LANHAM PA 9301 ANNAPOLIS RD, LANHAM, MD 20706 USA SN 0022-2585 J9 J MED ENTOMOL JI J. Med. Entomol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 38 IS 5 BP 665 EP 674 DI 10.1603/0022-2585-38.5.665 PG 10 WC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences SC Entomology; Veterinary Sciences GA 477HY UT WOS:000171279100010 PM 11580039 ER PT J AU Goldstein, ST Fiore, AE AF Goldstein, ST Fiore, AE TI Toward the global elimination of hepatitis B virus transmission SO JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS LA English DT Editorial Material ID DEMYELINATING DISEASES; VACCINATION PROGRAM; IMMUNIZATION; INFECTION; TAIWAN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, WHO Collaborating Ctr Res & Reference Viral Hepat, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. RP Goldstein, ST (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, WHO Collaborating Ctr Res & Reference Viral Hepat, Div Viral Hepatitis, Atlanta, GA 30309 USA. NR 21 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0022-3476 EI 1097-6833 J9 J PEDIATR-US JI J. Pediatr. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 139 IS 3 BP 343 EP 345 DI 10.1067/mpd.2001.117783 PG 3 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 477FV UT WOS:000171273300002 PM 11562609 ER PT J AU Corso, PS Hammitt, JK Graham, JD AF Corso, PS Hammitt, JK Graham, JD TI Valuing mortality-risk reduction: Using visual aids to improve the validity of contingent valuation SO JOURNAL OF RISK AND UNCERTAINTY LA English DT Article DE contingent valuation; VSL; WTP; sensitivity to scope; risk communication; risk ladder ID WILLINGNESS-TO-PAY; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; FREQUENCY FORMATS; PROSPECT-THEORY; ECONOMIC VALUE; CHOICE; HEALTH; SAFETY; PROBABILITIES; UNCERTAINTY AB We investigate the validity of contingent valuation (CV) estimates of the value per statistical life (VSL). We test for sensitivity of estimated willingness to pay (WTP) to the magnitude of mortality-risk reduction and for the theoretically predicted proportionality of WTP to risk reduction using alternative visual aids to communicate risk. We find that WTP is sensitive to the magnitude of risk reduction for independent subsamples of respondents presented with each of three alternative visual aids, but not for the subsample presented with no visual aid. Estimated WTP is consistent with proportionality to risk reduction for the subsamples presented with a logarithmic scale or an array of 25,000 dots, but not for the subsample receiving a linear scale. These results suggest that CV can provide valid estimates of WTP for mortality-risk reduction if appropriate methods are used to communicate the risk change to respondents. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Risk Anal, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Corso, PS (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM pcorso@cdc.gov; james_hammitt@harvard.edu; jgraham@hsph.harvard.edu NR 59 TC 123 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0895-5646 J9 J RISK UNCERTAINTY JI J. Risk Uncertain. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 23 IS 2 BP 165 EP 184 DI 10.1023/A:1011184119153 PG 20 WC Business, Finance; Economics SC Business & Economics GA 482NE UT WOS:000171581600004 ER PT J AU Koplan, JP AF Koplan, JP TI School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) 2000: A summary report - Foreword SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CDCP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Koplan, JP (reprint author), CDCP, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 251 EP 251 PG 1 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476ZM UT WOS:000171258700001 ER PT J AU Kolbe, LJ Kann, L Brener, ND AF Kolbe, LJ Kann, L Brener, ND TI Overview and summary of findings: School health policies and programs study 2000 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kolbe, LJ (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Mailstop K-29,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 253 EP 259 PG 7 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476ZM UT WOS:000171258700002 PM 11586868 ER PT J AU Smith, TK Brener, ND Kann, L Kinchen, SA McManus, T Thorne, J AF Smith, TK Brener, ND Kann, L Kinchen, SA McManus, T Thorne, J TI Methodology for the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 Westat Corp, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. TRW Co Inc, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Westat Corp, Durham, NC 27707 USA. RP Smith, TK (reprint author), Westat Corp, 1650 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 8 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 260 EP 265 PG 6 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476ZM UT WOS:000171258700003 PM 11586869 ER PT J AU Kann, L Brener, ND Allensworth, DD AF Kann, L Brener, ND Allensworth, DD TI Health education: Results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Kann, L (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 11 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 266 EP 278 PG 13 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476ZM UT WOS:000171258700004 PM 11586870 ER PT J AU Burgeson, CR Wechsler, H Brener, ND Young, JC Spain, CG AF Burgeson, CR Wechsler, H Brener, ND Young, JC Spain, CG TI Physical education and activity: Results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Assoc Sport & Phys Educ, Reston, VA 22091 USA. President Council Phys Fitness & Sports, Washington, DC 20201 USA. RP Burgeson, CR (reprint author), CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-12,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 279 EP 293 PG 15 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476ZM UT WOS:000171258700005 PM 11586871 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Burstein, GR DuShaw, ML Vernon, ME Wheeler, L Robinson, J AF Brener, ND Burstein, GR DuShaw, ML Vernon, ME Wheeler, L Robinson, J TI Health services: Results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Anne Arundel Cty Dept Hlth, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Natl Assoc Sch Nurses, Scarborough, ME 04070 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 294 EP 304 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476ZM UT WOS:000171258700006 PM 11586872 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Martindale, J Weist, MD AF Brener, ND Martindale, J Weist, MD TI Mental health and social services: Results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID REFORM; CARE C1 CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Sch Mental Hlth Assistance, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 305 EP 312 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476ZM UT WOS:000171258700007 PM 11586873 ER PT J AU Wechsler, H Brener, ND Kuester, S Miller, C AF Wechsler, H Brener, ND Kuester, S Miller, C TI Food service and foods and beverages available at school: Results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID CHILDREN C1 CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Food & Nutr Serv, Child Nutr Div, USDA, Alexandria, VA 22302 USA. RP Wechsler, H (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 99 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 313 EP 324 PG 12 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476ZM UT WOS:000171258700008 PM 11586874 ER PT J AU Small, ML Jones, SE Barrios, LC Crossett, LS Dahlberg, LL Albuquerque, MS Sleet, DA Greene, BZ Schmidt, ER AF Small, ML Jones, SE Barrios, LC Crossett, LS Dahlberg, LL Albuquerque, MS Sleet, DA Greene, BZ Schmidt, ER TI School policy and environment: Results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Violence Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Div Unintent Injury Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Off Smoking & Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Educ Dev Ctr Inc, Childrens Safety Network, Washington, DC 20037 USA. RP Small, ML (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-12,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 325 EP 334 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476ZM UT WOS:000171258700009 PM 11586875 ER PT J AU Grunbaum, JA Rutman, SJ Sathrum, PR AF Grunbaum, JA Rutman, SJ Sathrum, PR TI Faculty and staff health promotion: Results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID EXPERIENCE; IMPACT C1 CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Amer Federat Teachers, Minneapolis, MN 55411 USA. Natl Educ Hlth Informat Network, Washington, DC 20036 USA. RP Grunbaum, JA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 335 EP 339 PG 5 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476ZM UT WOS:000171258700010 PM 11586876 ER PT J AU Brener, ND Dittus, PJ Hayes, G AF Brener, ND Dittus, PJ Hayes, G TI Family and community involvement in schools: Results from the School Health Policies and Programs Study 2000 SO JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH LA English DT Article C1 CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Natl Parent Teacher Assoc, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. RP Brener, ND (reprint author), CDCP, Div Adolescent & Sch Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Mailstop K-33,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SCHOOL HEALTH ASSOC PI KENT PA PO BOX 708, KENT, OH 44240 USA SN 0022-4391 J9 J SCHOOL HEALTH JI J. Sch. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 71 IS 7 BP 340 EP 350 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 476ZM UT WOS:000171258700011 PM 11586877 ER PT J AU Clark, GG Martinez, HQ AF Clark, GG Martinez, HQ TI Mosquito vector control and biology in Latin America - An eleventh symposium - Abstracts SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE mosquitoes; mosquito control; Aedes; Anopheles; Culex; Lutomyia; Triatoma; scorpions; Loxosceles; Musca domestica; Chironomus; resistance AB The 11th annual Latin American symposium presented by the American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) was held as part of the 67th Annual Meeting in Dallas, TX, in February 2001. The principal objective, as for the previous 10 symposia, was to promote participation in the AMCA by vector control specialists. public health workers, and academicians from Latin America. This publication includes summaries of 45 presentations that were given orally in Spanish or presented as postern by participants from 8 countries in Latin America. Topics addressed in the symposium included results from chemical and biological control programs and studies: studies of insecticide resistance and population genetics, molecular. ecological. and behavioral studies of vectors of dengue (Aedes aegypti), malaria (Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles aquasalis), leishmaniasis (Lutzomyia), murine typhus. and Chagas' disease (Triatoma). Related topics included biology and control of Rhodnius, scorpions, Loxosceles spp., Chironomus plumosus, and Musca domestica. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon, Entomol Lab, Fac Ciencias Biol, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. RP Clark, GG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dengue Branch, 1324 Calle Canada, San Juan, PR 00920 USA. NR 0 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 166 EP 180 PG 15 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552YA UT WOS:000175646600003 PM 14529084 ER PT J AU Burkett, DA Lee, WJ Lee, KW Kim, HC Lee, HI Lee, JS Shin, EH Wirtz, RA Cho, HW Claborn, DM Coleman, RE Klein, RA AF Burkett, DA Lee, WJ Lee, KW Kim, HC Lee, HI Lee, JS Shin, EH Wirtz, RA Cho, HW Claborn, DM Coleman, RE Klein, RA TI Light, carbon dioxide, and octenol-baited mosquito trap and host-seeking activity evaluations for mosquitoes in a malarious area of the Republic of Korea SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Korea; light traps; Anopheles sinensis; mosquito surveillance; attractants ID SAMPLING METHODS; SURVEILLANCE; 1-OCTEN-3-OL; ATTRACTANTS; TANZANIA; ODOR AB Two field trials for commercially available and experimental mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, octenol, or combinations of these were evaluated in a malarious area at Paekyeon-Ri near Tongil- Chon (village) and Camp Greaves, Paju County, Kyonggi Province. Republic of Korea. The host-seeking activity for common mosquito species was determined using hourly aspirator collections from a human-and propane lantern-baited Shannon trap. The total number of mosquitoes and number of each species captured during the test were compared using 8 X 8 and 5 X 5 Latin square designs based on trap location. Significant differences were observed for the total number of mosquitoes collected in the 8 X 8 test, such that counterflow geometry (CFG) with CO2 : CFG with CO2 and octenol greater than or equal to Shannon trap greater than or equal to Mosquito Magnet with octenol > American Biophysics Corporation (ABC) light trap with light. CO2 (500 ml/min), and octenol greater than or equal to ABC light trap with light and dry ice ! ABC light trap with light and CO2 greater than or equal to ABC light trap with light only. A concurrent 5 X 5 test found significant differences in trap catch, where Mosquito Magnet with octenol > New Jersey light trap greater than or equal to EPAR(TM) Mosquito Killer with CO2 greater than or equal to ABC light trap with light and dry ice > Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light trap (manufactured by John W. Hock) with light and octenol. Significant differences in trap catch were noted for several species including: Aedes vexans, Anopheles sinensis, An. yatsushiroensis, An. lesteri, Culex pipiens, and Cx, orientalis, Traps baited with octenol captured significantly fewer Cx. pipiens than those not baited with octenol. Likewise. no Cx, orientalis were captured in octenol-baited traps. Host-seeking activity showed a similar bimodal pattern for all species captured, Results from these field trap evaluations can significantly enhance surveillance efforts. Significantly greater numbers of mosquitoes were captured with mosquito traps using counterflow technology (e.g., Mosquito Magnet and CFG traps) when compared to standard light and carbon dioxide-baited traps. Additionally, field evaluations demonstrate that various traps can be utilized for isolation and detection of arbovriuses and other pathogens. C1 USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, AFIERA, Okinawa, Japan. Korean Natl Inst Hlth, Dept Viral Dis, Eunpyung Gu, Seoul 122701, South Korea. USA, Med Dept 5, Med Command 18, Unit 14247, APO, AP 96205 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Entomol Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Uniformed Serv Univ Hlth Sci, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. USA Med, Armed Forces Res Inst Med Sci, Dept Entomol, APO, AP 96546 USA. RP Burkett, DA (reprint author), USAF, Inst Environm Safety & Occupat Hlth Risk Anal, AFIERA, Detachment 3, Okinawa, Japan. RI Valle, Ruben/A-7512-2013 NR 40 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOC PI EATONTOWN PA P O BOX 234, EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-0234 USA SN 8756-971X J9 J AM MOSQUITO CONTR JI J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 17 IS 3 BP 196 EP 205 PG 10 WC Entomology SC Entomology GA 552YA UT WOS:000175646600007 PM 14529088 ER PT J AU Friedman, SR Aral, S AF Friedman, SR Aral, S TI Social networks, risk-potential networks, health, and disease SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HIV-PREVENTION INTERVENTION; SPREAD; AIDS C1 Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, New York, NY 10048 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Friedman, SR (reprint author), Natl Dev & Res Inst Inc, 2 World Trade Ctr,16th Floor, New York, NY 10048 USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [R01 DA13128-01] NR 21 TC 77 Z9 81 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 411 EP 418 DI 10.1093/jurban/78.3.411 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 471GF UT WOS:000170919900001 PM 11564845 ER PT J AU Higgins, DL Metzler, M AF Higgins, DL Metzler, M TI Implementing community-based participatory research centers in diverse urban settings SO JOURNAL OF URBAN HEALTH-BULLETIN OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID HEALTH; TUSKEGEE; IMPROVE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seattle Patners Healthy Communities, Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty EPE, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Program Off, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. RP Higgins, DL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Seattle Patners Healthy Communities, Publ Hlth Seattle & King Cty EPE, 999 3rd Ave,12th Floor, Seattle, WA 98104 USA. NR 16 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1099-3460 J9 J URBAN HEALTH JI J. Urban Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 78 IS 3 BP 488 EP 494 DI 10.1093/jurban/78.3.488 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 471GF UT WOS:000170919900007 PM 11564851 ER PT J AU Hunt, AR Cropp, CB Chang, GJJ AF Hunt, AR Cropp, CB Chang, GJJ TI A recombinant particulate antigen of Japanese encephalitis virus produced in stably-transformed cells is an effective noninfectious antigen and subunit immunogen SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS LA English DT Article DE recombinant antigen; Japanese encephalitis virus; ELISA ID TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; LETHAL JEV INFECTION; ENVELOPE PROTEIN-E; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; VACCINIA VIRUS; E-GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTECTIVE IMMUNITY; SUBVIRAL PARTICLES; MICE AB A COS-1 cell line. stably transformed by a plasmid encoding the premembrane and envelope glycoproteins of Japanese encephalitis virus, produced a noninfectious recombinant antigen expressed as extracellular particles. Extracellular particles purified by equilibrium density centrifugation in sucrose gradients followed by electron microscopy were characterized as spherical particles with an average diameter of approximately 30 nm and a buoyant density of 1.15 g/cc. Purified extracellular particles were shown by western blot to contain premembrane, membrane and envelope proteins. The gradient-purified particles exhibited hemagglutination activity at the same pH optimum (6.6) as Japanese encephalitis virus. Recombinant antigen from cell culture fluid was concentrated by precipitation with polyethylene glycol and evaluated for immunogenicity in 8-10-week-old ICR mice. Groups of five mice received only one immunization of recombinant antigen with or without Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Mice immunized with recombinant antigen plus Freund's incomplete adjuvant elicited the highest anti-viral titers as determined by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and plaque-reduction neutralization tests. The polyethylene glycol-concentrated recombinant antigen was also evaluated for use in IgM antibody-capture ELISA and indirect IgG ELISA. The IgM-capture ELISA results using recombinant antigen correlated well with the results of a similar test using Japanese encephalitis virus-infected mouse brain antigen for the analysis of serum samples from patients with symptoms of acute encephalitis. Similar IgG titers were observed in an indirect ELISA comparing recombinant antigen and purified Japanese encephalitis virus as plate-bound antigens. Based on these studies, this entirely safe, easily produced antigen that expresses authentic Japanese encephalitis virus envelope glycoprotein would provide an excellent alternative to standard viral antigens used in various ELISA formats. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 US Dept HHS, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, CDCP, Publ Hlth Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Hunt, AR (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, CDCP, Publ Hlth Serv, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. NR 42 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-0934 J9 J VIROL METHODS JI J. Virol. Methods PD SEP PY 2001 VL 97 IS 1-2 BP 133 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0166-0934(01)00346-9 PG 17 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Virology GA 467AG UT WOS:000170677900013 PM 11483224 ER PT J AU Schultz-Cherry, S Dybdahl-Sissoko, N Neumann, G Kawaoka, Y Hinshaw, VS AF Schultz-Cherry, S Dybdahl-Sissoko, N Neumann, G Kawaoka, Y Hinshaw, VS TI Influenza virus NS1 protein induces apoptosis in cultured cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID PRE-MESSENGER-RNA; A VIRUS; INFECTED-CELLS; NUCLEAR EXPORT; B VIRUSES; NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC TRANSPORT; DEATH APOPTOSIS; GENE-EXPRESSION; ENCODING GENE; FAS ANTIGEN AB The importance of influenza viruses as worldwide pathogens in humans, domestic animals, and poultry is well recognized. Discerning how influenza viruses interact with the host at a cellular level is crucial for a better understanding of viral pathogenesis. Influenza viruses induce apoptosis through mechanisms involving the interplay of cellular and viral factors that may depend on the cell type. However, it is unclear which viral genes induce apoptosis. In these studies, we show that the expression of the nonstructural (NS) gene of influenza A virus is sufficient to induce apoptosis in MDCK and HeLa cells. Further studies showed that the multimerization domain of the NS1 protein but not the effector domain is required for apoptosis. However, this mutation is not sufficient to inhibit apoptosis using whole virus. C1 USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Schultz-Cherry, S (reprint author), USDA ARS, SE Poultry Res Lab, 934 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. NR 73 TC 102 Z9 110 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 75 IS 17 BP 7875 EP 7881 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.17.7875-7881.2001 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 461AZ UT WOS:000170343900011 PM 11483732 ER PT J AU Maillard, P Krawczynski, K Nitkiewicz, J Bronnert, C Sidorkiewicz, M Gounon, P Dubuisson, J Faure, G Crainic, R Budkowska, A AF Maillard, P Krawczynski, K Nitkiewicz, J Bronnert, C Sidorkiewicz, M Gounon, P Dubuisson, J Faure, G Crainic, R Budkowska, A TI Nonenveloped nucleocapsids of hepatitis C virus in the serum of infected patients SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CORE PROTEIN BINDS; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; LOW-DENSITY; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; INSECT CELLS; PARTICLES; ANTIGEN; CIRCULATION; HOSTS; IDENTIFICATION AB One of the characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the high incidence of persistent infection. HCV core protein, in addition to forming the viral nucleocapsid, has multiple regulatory functions in host-cell transcription, apoptosis; cell transformation, and lipid metabolism and may play a role in suppressing host immune response. This protein is thought to be present in the bloodstream of the infected host as the nucleocapsid of infectious, enveloped virions. This study provides evidence that viral particles with the physicochemical, morphological, and antigenic properties of nonenveloped HCV nucleocapsids are present in the plasma of HCV-infected individuals. These particles have a buoyant density of 1.32 to 1.34 g/ml in CsCl, are heterogeneous in size (with predominance of particles 38 to 43 or 54 to 62 nm in diameter on electron microscopy), and express on their surface epitopes located in amino acids 24 to 68 of the core protein. Similar nucleocapsid-like particles are also produced in insect cells infected with recombinant baculovirus bearing cDNA for structural HCV proteins. HCV core particles isolated from plasma were used to generate anti-core monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These MAbs stained HCV core in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes from experimentally infected chimpanzees in the acute phase of the infection. These chimpanzees had concomitantly HCV core antigen in serum. These findings suggest that overproduction of nonenveloped nucleocapsids and their release into the bloodstream are properties of HCV morphogenesis. The presence of circulating cores in serum and accumulation of the core protein in liver cells during the early phase of infection may contribute to the persistence of HCV and its many immunopathological effects in the infected host. C1 Inst Pasteur, Stn Cent Microscop Elect, F-75724 Paris, France. Inst Pasteur, Unite Venins, F-75724 Paris, France. Inst Pasteur, F-59021 Lille, France. Inst Biol, CNRS, FRE 2369, F-59021 Lille, France. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hepatitis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Budkowska, A (reprint author), Inst Pasteur, Stn Cent Microscop Elect, 25 Rue Dr Roux, F-75724 Paris, France. RI Dubuisson, Jean/E-6813-2016 OI Dubuisson, Jean/0000-0003-1626-7693 NR 44 TC 129 Z9 134 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 75 IS 17 BP 8240 EP 8250 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.17.8240-8250.2001 PG 11 WC Virology SC Virology GA 461AZ UT WOS:000170343900048 PM 11483769 ER PT J AU Danovaro-Holliday, MC Zimmerman, L Reef, SE AF Danovaro-Holliday, MC Zimmerman, L Reef, SE TI Preventing congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) through vaccination of susceptible women of childbearing age SO JOURNAL OF WOMENS HEALTH & GENDER-BASED MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Danovaro-Holliday, MC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-61, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PUBL PI LARCHMONT PA 2 MADISON AVENUE, LARCHMONT, NY 10538 USA SN 1524-6094 J9 J WOMEN HEALTH GEN-B JI J. WOMENS HEALTH GENDER-BASED MED. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 10 IS 7 BP 617 EP 619 DI 10.1089/15246090152563489 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine; Obstetrics & Gynecology; Women's Studies GA 474MN UT WOS:000171111200002 PM 11571090 ER PT J AU Newton, KM LaCroix, AZ Buist, DSM Delaney, KM Anderson, LA AF Newton, KM LaCroix, AZ Buist, DSM Delaney, KM Anderson, LA TI Women's responses to a mailed hormone replacement therapy workbook SO MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE menopause; hormone replacement therapy ID DECISION-SUPPORT; INTERVENTION; VALIDATION; MENOPAUSE AB Objective: Effectively communicating information about the complex decisions that face women at midlife, including whether to use hormone replacement therapy (HRT), is an ongoing challenge. Although numerous decision-making tools exist, few have been evaluated. The objective of this study was to examine women's use of a workbook designed to promote informed HRT decision-making. Design: We developed a workbook to prepare women to discuss HRT, osteoporosis, heart disease, and breast cancer with their providers. To evaluate the workbook, women aged 45-65 years were randomly assigned to one of three groups: (1) workbook plus baseline and 6-month surveys, (2) workbook and 6-month survey, or (3) no workbook with both surveys. Results are based on the responses of 580 women in groups 1 and 2 (response rate, 84.2%). Results: At 6 months, 79% of women recalled receiving the workbook, of whom 51% read all or most of it, 35% skimmed or read part of it, and 14% did not read it. The percentages of women completing self-assessments were 55% osteoporosis; 56% heart disease; 58% breast cancer; 57% advantages and disadvantages of HRT; and 52% personal preferences about HRT. As a result of the workbook, 10% made an appointment with their providers, and 12% had a discussion about HRT with their providers. Use of the workbook was not associated with menopause symptoms, attitudes about or use of HRT, hysterectomy, or provider discussions about menopause and HRT. Conclusion: This simple approach of using a mailed workbook holds promise as a successful mechanism to prepare women to discuss HRT and other related health issues with their providers. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Newton, KM (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1072-3714 J9 MENOPAUSE JI Menopause-J. N. Am. Menopause Soc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 8 IS 5 BP 361 EP 367 DI 10.1097/00042192-200109000-00011 PG 7 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 469LH UT WOS:000170816600011 PM 11528363 ER PT J AU Joseph, P Muchnok, T Ong, TM AF Joseph, P Muchnok, T Ong, TM TI Gene expression profile in BALB/c-3T3 cells transformed with beryllium sulfate SO MOLECULAR CARCINOGENESIS LA English DT Article DE microarray; cell transformation; tumorigenesis; mechanisms ID METAL CARCINOGENESIS; MISMATCH REPAIR; COLON-CANCER; LUNG-CANCER; MUTATION; PROTEIN; KINASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PROLIFERATION; PROTOONCOGENE AB Differential gene expression was studied to understand the potential molecular mechanism responsible for cell transformation and tumorigenesis induced by beryllium. Cell lines were derived from tumors developed in nude mice injected subcutaneously with BALB/c-3T3 cells morphologically transformed with beryllium sulfate. Using the Atlas mouse 1.2 cDNA expression microarray, the expression profiles of 1176 genes, belonging to several different functional categories, were studied in the tumor cells as well as in the nontransformed control cells. Expression of 18 genes belonging to two functional groups was found to be consistently and reproducibly different (at least twofold) in the tumor cells compared with the control cells. The functional groups and the differentially expressed genes are as follows: The cancer-related genes (nine genes) were the ets-related transcription factor activated by ras, colony-stimulating factor, A-myb, sky, cot1, c-fos, c-jun, c-myc, and R-ras proto-oncogenes. The DNA synthesis, repair, and recombination genes (nine genes) were the DNA replication licensing factor MCM4, the DNA replication licensing factor MCM5, the DNA mismatch repair gene PMS2, the DNA excision repair gene, the DNA mismatch repair gene MSH2, the ultraviolet excision repair gene Rad23, DNA ligase 1, Rad51, and Rad52. The differential gene expression profile was confirmed with reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction using primers specific for the differentially expressed genes. In general, expression of the cancer-related genes was upregulated, while expression of genes involved in DNA synthesis, repair, and recombination was downregulated in the tumor cells compared with the control cells. Using c-fos and c-jun, two of the differentially expressed genes, as model genes, we have found that in the nontransformed BALB/c-3T3 cells, the beryllium-induced transcriptional activation of these genes was dependent on pathways of protein kinase C and mitogen-activated protein kinase and independent of reactive oxygen species. These results indicate that beryllium-induced cell transformation and tumorigenesis are accompanied by and are possibly a product of alterations in expression of genes related to cancer and to DNA synthesis, repair, and recombination. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIOSH, CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Mol Epidemiol Lab,Hlth Effects Lab Div, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Joseph, P (reprint author), NIOSH, CDC, Toxicol & Mol Biol Branch, Mol Epidemiol Lab,Hlth Effects Lab Div, MS 3014,1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0899-1987 J9 MOL CARCINOGEN JI Mol. Carcinog. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 32 IS 1 BP 28 EP 35 DI 10.1002/mc.1061 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology GA 480FE UT WOS:000171450700004 PM 11568973 ER PT J AU Campagna, D Stengel, B Mergler, D Limasset, JC Diebold, F Michard, D Huel, G AF Campagna, D Stengel, B Mergler, D Limasset, JC Diebold, F Michard, D Huel, G TI Color vision and occupational toluene exposure SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY AND TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE toluene; hydrocarbons; printing industry; occupational exposure; color perception; human ID ACQUIRED DYSCHROMATOPSIA; WORKERS; IMPAIRMENT; STYRENE; NONREPLICATION; SOLVENTS; LIMITS AB We examined the relationship between acquired color vision loss and exposure to toluene and total hydrocarbons among 125 male workers. Seventy-two toluene-exposed printers were compared with 34 workers from the same photogravure plant with ambient background exposure, and with 19 workers from a bookbinding plant located in the same town (nonexposed). Environmental mean toluene exposure level at workstation was estimated from individual 8-h sampling. Historic exposure data from the last 30 years were used to construct two cumulative exposure indices, one for toluene and one for total hydrocarbons. Airborne toluene levels were overall lower than the current Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 50 ppm. Color vision was assessed by the Lanthony D-15 desaturated panel. Color vision loss was quantitatively established by the Color Confusion Index (CCI) and classified by type of acquired dyschromatopsia according to Verriest's classification. CCI was positively related to current airborne toluene levels, and cumulative exposure indices for toluene and total hydrocarbons (.18 less than or equal to r less than or equal to .35). Odds ratios of acquired dyschromatopsia were significant for current airborne toluene, toluene, and total hydrocarbon past exposure (1.27 [1.02-1.58], 1.21 [1.04-1.39], 1.15 [1.02-1.31], respectively). In conclusion, this study suggests that the Lanthony D-15 desaturated panel detects early neurotoxic effects among workers exposed to toluene. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 INSERM, U472, F-94807 Villejuif, France. ATSDR, Div Hlth Studies, Hlth Invest Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. INSERM, U170, F-94807 Villejuif, France. Univ Quebec, CINBIOSE, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. Inst Natl Rech & Secur, F-54501 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Serv Med Travail Livre, F-75006 Paris, France. RP Huel, G (reprint author), INSERM, U472, 16 Av PV Couturier, F-94807 Villejuif, France. RI Stengel, Benedicte/G-5730-2015 NR 33 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0892-0362 J9 NEUROTOXICOL TERATOL JI Neurotoxicol. Teratol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 23 IS 5 BP 473 EP 480 DI 10.1016/S0892-0362(01)00163-5 PG 8 WC Neurosciences; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Toxicology GA 494PV UT WOS:000172291800009 PM 11711250 ER PT J AU Godwin, S McGuire, B Chambers, E McDowell, M Cleveland, L Edwards-Perry, E Ingwersen, L AF Godwin, S McGuire, B Chambers, E McDowell, M Cleveland, L Edwards-Perry, E Ingwersen, L TI Evaluation of portion size estimation aids used for meat in dietary surveys SO NUTRITION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE meats; portion estimation; estimation error; PSEA; NHANES; CSFII ID ENERGY-INTAKE; VALIDITY; ADULTS AB In three studies, individuals used various PSEAs (bean bag, peg board, ruler, sausage diagram, and size grid) to estimate portion sizes for three different categories of meat (intact cuts of meat, ribs, and link-type sausages). For intact cuts of meat, individuals generally were able to estimate length and width accurately, but had more difficulty estimating thickness regardless of the PSEA used. For ribs, while no PSEA provided an average estimation error less than +40%, a correlation existed between the portion size and average perceived size category (r = +0.89). For link-type sausage portions, a sausage diagram provided average estimations within 15%, decreased the variability of individual errors when compared to a ruler, and was used more frequently than any other PSEA. Results indicate that using PSEAs in conjunction with other estimation strategies for portion estimation is likely to be an effective way to collect consumption data for meats in large-scale dietary surveys. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Kansas State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. Tennessee State Univ, Dept Family & Consumer Sci, Nashville, TN 37203 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. USDA, Food Surveys Res Grp, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Godwin, S (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Human Nutr, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0271-5317 J9 NUTR RES JI Nutr. Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1217 EP 1233 DI 10.1016/S0271-5317(01)00336-0 PG 17 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 489PZ UT WOS:000172001700002 ER PT J AU Ballew, C Bowman, B AF Ballew, C Bowman, B TI Regarding dietary calcium to reduce lead toxicity - Response SO NUTRITION REVIEWS LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Ballew, C (reprint author), Alaska Native Hlth Board, Epidemiol Ctr, Anchorage, AK USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT LIFE SCIENCES INST PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH ST SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0029-6643 J9 NUTR REV JI Nutr. Rev. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 59 IS 9 BP 308 EP 308 PG 1 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 473YW UT WOS:000171078100008 ER PT J AU Anderson, SE Bandini, LG Spadano, JL Dietz, WH Must, A AF Anderson, SE Bandini, LG Spadano, JL Dietz, WH Must, A TI Does child temperament contribute to non-resting energy expenditure? SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Med, Boston, MA 02111 USA. MIT, Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 9 SU 3 BP 58S EP 58S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 473YF UT WOS:000171076300024 ER PT J AU Sherry, B Mei, ZG Scanlon, KS Mokdad, AH AF Sherry, B Mei, ZG Scanlon, KS Mokdad, AH TI Increasing prevalence of overweight in low-income 24-59 month-old children in the United States. SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 9 SU 3 BP 61S EP 61S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 473YF UT WOS:000171076300037 ER PT J AU Spadano, JL Bandini, LG Must, A Dietz, WH AF Spadano, JL Bandini, LG Must, A Dietz, WH TI Changes in resting metabolic rate relative to menarche SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Tufts Univ, Sch Nutr Sci & Policy, Medford, MA 02155 USA. MIT, Clin Res Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 9 SU 3 BP 73S EP 73S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 473YF UT WOS:000171076300083 ER PT J AU Williamson, DF Thompson, TJ Anda, RF Dietz, WH Felitti, V AF Williamson, DF Thompson, TJ Anda, RF Dietz, WH Felitti, V TI Body weight and obesity in adults and self-reported abuse in childhood SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 9 SU 3 BP 94S EP 94S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 473YF UT WOS:000171076300169 ER PT J AU Faith, MS Francis, L Sherry, B Scanlon, K Birch, LL AF Faith, MS Francis, L Sherry, B Scanlon, K Birch, LL TI Relationship between maternal feeding style and child energy intake and body composition: Findings from a quantitative and qualitative literature review. SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Columbia Univ, St Lukes Roosevelt Hosp, NY Obes Res Ctr, New York, NY 10027 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Ctr Dis Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 9 SU 3 BP 123S EP 123S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 473YF UT WOS:000171076300280 ER PT J AU Fulton, JE Shisler, JL Caspersen, CJ AF Fulton, JE Shisler, JL Caspersen, CJ TI Predictors of walking and bicycling to school among US children in grades 4 through 12 SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Activ, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. RI Caspersen, Carl/B-2494-2009 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 9 SU 3 BP 138S EP 138S PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 473YF UT WOS:000171076300340 ER PT J AU Schwartz, DA AF Schwartz, DA TI A guest editorial: Chorangiosis and its precursors: Underdiagnosed placental indicators of chronic fetal hypoxia SO OBSTETRICAL & GYNECOLOGICAL SURVEY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Schwartz, DA (reprint author), 490 Dogwood Valley Dr, Atlanta, GA 30342 USA. NR 6 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0029-7828 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL SURV JI Obstet. Gynecol. Surv. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 56 IS 9 BP 523 EP 525 DI 10.1097/00006254-200109000-00001 PG 3 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 469PF UT WOS:000170823500001 PM 11524618 ER PT J AU Van Beneden, C Balter, S AF Van Beneden, C Balter, S TI An update on the new pneumococcal conjugate vaccine - Response SO PEDIATRIC ANNALS LA English DT Letter ID SICKLE-CELL DISEASE; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; CHILDREN; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTION; SAFETY; AGE C1 Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Van Beneden, C (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Resp Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SLACK INC PI THOROFARE PA 6900 GROVE RD, THOROFARE, NJ 08086 USA SN 0090-4481 J9 PEDIATR ANN JI Pediatr. Annu. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 30 IS 9 BP 515 EP 516 PG 2 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 473NQ UT WOS:000171050800002 ER PT J AU DeStefano, F AF DeStefano, F TI Vaccines and autism SO PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material ID INFLAMMATORY-BOWEL-DISEASE; MEASLES-VIRUS; CHILDREN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP DeStefano, F (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0891-3668 J9 PEDIATR INFECT DIS J JI Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 20 IS 9 BP 887 EP 888 DI 10.1097/00006454-200109000-00013 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Pediatrics GA 472CW UT WOS:000170966500012 PM 11734770 ER PT J AU Belongia, EA Sullivan, BJ Chyou, PH Madagame, E Reed, KD Schwartz, B AF Belongia, EA Sullivan, BJ Chyou, PH Madagame, E Reed, KD Schwartz, B TI A community intervention trial to promote judicious antibiotic use and reduce penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE Streptococcus pneumoniae; antimicrobial resistance; antibiotic prescribing; health education; community interventions ID RISK-FACTORS; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH; CARE-CENTER; PRESCRIPTION; DISEASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PREVALENCE; PHYSICIANS AB Objective. Inappropriate use of antibiotics is common in primary care, and effective interventions are needed to promote judicious antibiotic use and reduce antibiotic resistance. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of parent and clinician education on pediatric antibiotic prescribing and carriage of penicillin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae in child care facilities. Methods. A nonrandomized, controlled, community intervention trial was conducted in northern Wisconsin Clinicians. Clinic staff received educational materials and small-group presentations; materials were distributed to parents through clinics, child care facilities, and community organizations. Prescribing data were analyzed for 151 clinicians who provided primary pediatric care; nasopharyngeal carriage of penicillin-nonsusceptible S pneumoniae was assessed for 664 children in the baseline period (January-June 1997) and for 472 children in the postintervention period (January-June 1998). Results. The median number of solid antibiotic prescriptions per clinician declined 19% in the intervention region and 8% in the control region. The median number of liquid antibiotic prescriptions per clinician declined 11% in the intervention region, compared with an increase of 12% in the control region. Retail antibiotic sales declined in the intervention region but not in the control region. Among participating children in child care facilities, there were no significant differences in antibiotic use or penicillin-nonsusceptible S pneumoniae colonization between the intervention and control regions. Conclusions. A multifaceted educational program for clinicians and parents led to community-wide reductions in antibiotic prescribing, but in child care facilities, there was no apparent impact on judicious antibiotic use or colonization with drug-resistant S pneumoniae. Longer follow-up time or greater reductions in antibiotic use may be required to identify changes in the pneumococcal susceptibility. C1 Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. Marshfield Clin Fdn Med Res & Educ, Marshfield, WI USA. Community Hlth Care, Wausau, WI USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Belongia, EA (reprint author), Marshfield Med Res Fdn, Epidemiol Res Ctr ML2, 1000 N Oak Ave, Marshfield, WI 54449 USA. FU PHS HHS [U50/CCU513299-01] NR 36 TC 91 Z9 95 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2001 VL 108 IS 3 BP 575 EP 583 DI 10.1542/peds.108.3.575 PG 9 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 468WQ UT WOS:000170781500019 PM 11533321 ER PT J AU Saiman, L Aronson, J Zhou, JY Gomez-Duarte, C San Gabriel, P Alonso, M Maloney, S Schulte, J AF Saiman, L Aronson, J Zhou, JY Gomez-Duarte, C San Gabriel, P Alonso, M Maloney, S Schulte, J TI Prevalence of infectious diseases among internationally adopted children SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE international adoption; latent tuberculosis infection; hepatitis B; hepatitis C ID HEPATITIS-B; MYCOBACTERIUM-TUBERCULOSIS; MEDICAL EVALUATION; EASTERN-EUROPE; TRANSMISSION; HEALTH; TRENDS AB Objective. Internationally adopted children are at increased risk of infections acquired in their country of origin. Ongoing surveillance of this unique population is needed to detect changing epidemiology and provide appropriate care. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of 504 children adopted from abroad and evaluated from 1997 to 1998 to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with various infectious diseases. Results. The mean age of the study participants at medical evaluation was 1.6 years; 71% were girls, and they were adopted from 16 countries, including China (48%), Russia (31%), Southeast Asia (8%), Eastern Europe (8%), and Latin America (5%). Overall, 75 (19%) of 404 children tested had tuberculin skin tests greater than or equal to 10 mm, but all had normal chest radiographs. BCG vaccination (odds ratio [OR]: 7.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.29, 17.16) and being Russian born (OR: 2.90; 95% CI: 1.68, 5.00) were risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection. Fourteen (2.8%) children had detectable hepatitis B surface antigen, but no child had active hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus, or syphilis. Giardia lamblia antigen was detected in 87 (19%) of 461 tested children, and such children were older (mean: 22 months vs 15.5 months) and more likely to have been born in Eastern Europe (OR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.70, 4.68). Conclusions. We demonstrated increased rates of latent tuberculosis infection and G lamblia infection than previously reported. Thus, ongoing surveillance of internationally adopted children, international trends in infectious diseases, and appropriate screening will ensure the long-term health of adopted children as well as their families. C1 Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, New York, NY 10032 USA. Winthrop Univ Hosp, Dept Pediat, Mineola, NY 11501 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Quarantine, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saiman, L (reprint author), Columbia Univ Coll Phys & Surg, Dept Pediat, Div Infect Dis, 650 W 165th St, New York, NY 10032 USA. NR 27 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2001 VL 108 IS 3 BP 608 EP 612 DI 10.1542/peds.108.3.608 PG 5 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 468WQ UT WOS:000170781500023 PM 11533325 ER PT J AU Freedman, DS Khan, LK Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS AF Freedman, DS Khan, LK Dietz, WH Srinivasan, SR Berenson, GS TI Relationship of childhood obesity to coronary heart disease risk factors in adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE obesity; BMI; childhood; longitudinal; lipids; blood pressure; insulin ID BODY-FAT DISTRIBUTION; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; BLOOD-PRESSURE; YOUNG-ADULTS; WEIGHT CHANGE; BIRTH COHORT; MASS INDEX; FOLLOW-UP; CHILDREN; OVERWEIGHT AB Background. Childhood obesity is related to adult levels of lipids, lipoproteins, blood pressure, and insulin and to morbidity from coronary heart disease (CHD). However, the importance of the age at which obesity develops in these associations remains uncertain. Objective and Design. We assessed the longitudinal relationship of childhood body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) to adult levels of lipids, insulin, and blood pressure among 2617 participants. All participants were initially examined at ages 2 to 17 years and were reexamined at ages 18 to 37 years; the mean follow-up was 17 years. Results. Of the overweight children (BMI greater than or equal to 95th percentile), 77% remained obese (>30 kg/m(2)) as adults. Childhood overweight was related to adverse risk factor levels among adults, but associations were weak (r similar to 0.1-0.3) and were attributable to the strong persistence of weight status between childhood and adulthood. Although obese adults had adverse levels of lipids, insulin, and blood pressure, levels of these risk factors did not vary with childhood weight status or with the age (less than or equal to8 years, 12-17 years, or greater than or equal to 18 years) of obesity onset. Conclusions. Additional data are needed to assess the independent relationship of childhood weight status to CHD morbidity. Because normal-weight children who become obese adults have adverse risk factor levels and probably will be at increased risk for adult morbidity, our results emphasize the need for both primary and secondary prevention. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Publ Hlth & Trop Med, Tulane Ctr Cardiovasc Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. RP Freedman, DS (reprint author), CDC Mailstop K-26,4770 Buford Highway, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [HL 15103, HL 32194] NR 40 TC 605 Z9 641 U1 8 U2 54 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2001 VL 108 IS 3 BP 712 EP 718 DI 10.1542/peds.108.3.712 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 468WQ UT WOS:000170781500039 PM 11533341 ER PT J AU Decoufle, P Boyle, CA Paulozzi, LJ Lary, JM AF Decoufle, P Boyle, CA Paulozzi, LJ Lary, JM TI Increased risk for developmental disabilities in children who have major birth defects: A population-based study SO PEDIATRICS LA English DT Article DE birth defects; developmental disabilities; mental retardation; cerebral palsy; hearing impairment; vision impairment; surveillance systems ID CEREBRAL-PALSY; MENTAL-RETARDATION; 10-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN; METROPOLITAN ATLANTA; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; DISORDERS; EPILEPSY; MALFORMATIONS; SURVEILLANCE AB Objective. We sought to quantify the strength of associations between each of four specific developmental disabilities (DDs) and specific types of major birth defects. Methods. We linked data from 2 independent surveillance systems, the Metropolitan Atlanta Congenital Defects Program and the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program. Children with major birth defects (n=9142; born 1981-1991 in metro Atlanta) and 3- to 10-year-old children who were born between 1981 and 1991 in metro Atlanta and identified between 1991 and 1994 as having mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, or vision impairment (n=3685) were studied. Prevalence ratio (PR), which is the prevalence of a DD in children with 1 or more major birth defects divided by the prevalence of the same DD in children without major birth defects, was measured. Results. Among the 9142 children who were born with a major birth defect, 657 (7.2%) had a serious DD compared with 0.9% in children with no major birth defect, yielding a PR of 8.3 (95% confidence interval: 7.6-9.0). In general, the more severe the DD, the higher was the PR. Birth defects that originated in the nervous system and chromosomal defects resulted in the highest PRs for a subsequent DD. For all other categories of birth defects, PRs were lowest when all major birth defects present were confined to a single category (ie, isolated defects). PRs for any DD increased monotonically with the number of coded birth defects per child or the number of different birth defect categories per child, regardless of the severity of the defect or whether defects of the nervous system, chromosomal defects, or "other syndromes" were counted. Conclusions. These data highlight the possible early prenatal origins of some DDs and suggest that both the number of coded birth defects present and the number of anatomic systems involved are strongly related to functional outcomes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Boyle, CA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, F-15,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM cab3@cdc.gov NR 36 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ACAD PEDIATRICS PI ELK GROVE VILLAGE PA 141 NORTH-WEST POINT BLVD,, ELK GROVE VILLAGE, IL 60007-1098 USA SN 0031-4005 EI 1098-4275 J9 PEDIATRICS JI Pediatrics PD SEP PY 2001 VL 108 IS 3 BP 728 EP 734 DI 10.1542/peds.108.3.728 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 468WQ UT WOS:000170781500041 PM 11533343 ER PT J AU Sharpe, JP Desai, S AF Sharpe, JP Desai, S TI The revised Neo Personality Inventory and the MMPI-2 Psychopathology Five in the prediction of aggression SO PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES LA English DT Article DE aggression; NEO-PI-R; psychopathology; personality traits; five-factor model; incremental validity; MMPI-2 ID INDIVIDUAL-DIFFERENCES; 5-FACTOR MODEL; SCALES; QUESTIONNAIRE; INDICATORS; VIOLENCE; PSY-5 AB As suggested by Ben-Porath and Waller (Ben-Porath, Y. S., & Waller, N. G. (1992). "Normal" personality inventories in clinical assessment: general requirements and the potential for using the NEO personality inventory. Psychological Assessment, 4, 14-19], the incremental validity of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory [NEO-PI-R; Costa, P. T., & McCrae, R. R. (1992b). The revised NEO personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO five factor inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessement Resources] domain scales over the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 Personality Psychopathology Five [MMPI-2 PSY-5; Harkness, A. R., McNulty, J. L., & Ben-Porath, Y. S. (1995). The personality five (PSY-5): constructs and MMPI-2 scales. Psychological Assessment, 7, 164-114] scales for predicting aggression was assessed in the present study using a sample of 234 introductory psychology students (155 females, 79 males). Results indicated that the NEO-PI-R domain scales were able to add significantly to the prediction of several facets of aggression over and above the PSY-5 scales, providing evidence for the incremental validity of the instrument. However, the practical importance of the findings remain open to debate. Implications of the present findings for the use of normal-range personality instruments in clinical settings are discussed. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 US Off Personnel Mangement, Personnel Resources & Dev Ctr, Washington, DC 20415 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Sharpe, JP (reprint author), US Off Personnel Mangement, Personnel Resources & Dev Ctr, Room 6500, Washington, DC 20415 USA. NR 30 TC 51 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0191-8869 J9 PERS INDIV DIFFER JI Pers. Individ. Differ. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 31 IS 4 BP 505 EP 518 DI 10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00155-0 PG 14 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 456KC UT WOS:000170080800004 ER PT J AU Welbourne, JL AF Welbourne, JL TI Changes in impression complexity over time and across situations SO PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Midwestern-Psychological-Association CY MAY 02, 1998 CL CHICAGO, ILLINOIS SP Midwestern Psychol Assoc ID SELF-COMPLEXITY; PERSONALITY; ACCESSIBILITY; INFORMATION; JUDGMENTS; BEHAVIOR; MEMORY; TRAITS AB This set of studies tested the idea that higher levels of acquaintance with an individual would be associated with greater impression complexity. Two aspects of acquaintance were examined: length of relationship and contextual diversity of interactions. In Study 1, participants provided written descriptions of acquaintances known for different lengths of time and at different levels of contextual diversity. Contextual diversity in interactions with an acquaintance was associated with (a) less evaluative and descriptive consistency in impressions, (b) greater contextual differentiation in impressions, and (c) the development of causal theories to explain the acquaintance's behaviors. In Study 2 impression complexity was assessed using a trait-soil task. Contextual diversity, but not Length of relationship, was associated with higher complexity scores. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Commun Res Branch, NIOSH, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Welbourne, JL (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hlth Commun Res Branch, NIOSH, 1095 Willowdale Rd,MS 4050, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0146-1672 J9 PERS SOC PSYCHOL B JI Pers. Soc. Psychol. Bull. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 27 IS 9 BP 1071 EP 1085 DI 10.1177/0146167201279001 PG 15 WC Psychology, Social SC Psychology GA 465MH UT WOS:000170592400001 ER PT J AU Shrier, LA Harris, SK Sternberg, M Beardslee, WR AF Shrier, LA Harris, SK Sternberg, M Beardslee, WR TI Associations of depression, self-esteem, and substance use with sexual risk among adolescents SO PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE adolescent; depressive symptoms; self-esteem; sexual risk behavior; sexually transmitted disease; prevention ID HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; CONDOM USE; TRANSMITTED DISEASES; YOUNG-ADULTS; PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSES; MAJOR DEPRESSION; USE DISORDERS; BEHAVIOR; WOMEN AB Background. Adolescents are the population at highest risk for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Previous research has suggested that mental health problems, including depression and low self-esteem, may play an important role in the development and maintenance of sexual risk behaviors. Methods. National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health data from baseline interviews of 7th-12th graders reporting sexual intercourse in the preceding year were analyzed. Using logistic regression, associations of depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and substance use with condom nonuse at last sexual intercourse and with ever having had an STD were explored separately for each gender. Results. Among boys (N = 3,192), depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of condom nonuse at last sexual intercourse. The association between depressive symptoms and STD appeared to be mediated by alcohol and marijuana use. For girls (N = 3,391), depressive symptoms were associated with a history of STD, but not with condom nonuse. Self-esteem was not significant in any model that included depressive symptoms. Conclusions. Adolescents with depressive symptoms are at risk for not using a condom and for having an STD. Further research is needed to elucidate the relationship among depression, substance use, and sexual risk to optimize STD prevention strategies for adolescents. (C) 2001 American Health Foundation and Academic Press. C1 Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Div Adolescent Young Adult Med, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Clin Core Res Programs, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Psychiat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Stat & Data Management Branch, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Shrier, LA (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Childrens Hosp, Sch Med, Dept Med,Div Adolescent Young Adult Med, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [HD27805-08, P01-HD31921]; NIMH NIH HHS [I K23 MH01845-01] NR 82 TC 147 Z9 150 U1 5 U2 26 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0091-7435 J9 PREV MED JI Prev. Med. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 179 EP 189 DI 10.1006/pmed.2001.0869 PG 11 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 467YD UT WOS:000170730600007 PM 11522159 ER PT J AU Sharpe, TT AF Sharpe, TT TI Sex-for-crack-cocaine exchange, poor black women, and pregnancy SO QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID USERS; ADOLESCENTS; RISK; LIFE AB A sample of 34 poor Black women who exchanged sex for crack was screened to discover if sex-for-crack exchanges resulted in pregnancies. Ethnographic interviews were conducted with women who became pregnant this way. Out of the 34 women, 18 reported sex-for-crack pregnancies, and more than half of that number became pregnant this way more than once. Twenty-nine pregnancies were reported. Only 2 women chose to have abortions. Interview transcripts were analyzed using qualitative data analytical procedures. The following three issues shaped the women's responses to sex-for-crack pregnancies: (a) severity of crack use, (b) religious beliefs, and (c) social organization patterns within poor Black communities. The findings have implications for drug treatment and child welfare policy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Sharpe, TT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. FU NIDA NIH HHS [F31-DAO5870] NR 49 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1049-7323 J9 QUAL HEALTH RES JI Qual. Health Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 11 IS 5 BP 612 EP 630 DI 10.1177/104973201129119334 PG 19 WC Information Science & Library Science; Social Sciences, Interdisciplinary; Social Sciences, Biomedical SC Information Science & Library Science; Social Sciences - Other Topics; Biomedical Social Sciences GA 466EZ UT WOS:000170633100003 PM 11554191 ER PT J AU Koumans, EH Farley, TA Gibson, JJ Langley, C Ross, MW McFarlane, M Braxton, J St Louis, ME AF Koumans, EH Farley, TA Gibson, JJ Langley, C Ross, MW McFarlane, M Braxton, J St Louis, ME TI Characteristics of persons with syphilis in areas of persisting syphilis in the United States - Sustained transmission associated with concurrent partnerships SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; HIV-INFECTION; SOCIAL NETWORK; CRACK COCAINE; DYNAMICS; RISK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; CONTEXT; WOMEN AB Background and Goal: In areas with persistent syphilis, to characterize persons at higher risk for transmitting syphilis. Study Design: Cohort study. Structured interviews of persons with early syphilis from four research centers were linked to outcomes of partner tracing. Results: Of 743 persons with syphilis, 229 (31%) reported two or more partners in the previous month, and 57 (8%) received money or drugs for sex in the previous three months. Persons with at least one partner at an earlier stage of syphilis than themselves were defined as transmitters; 63 (8.5%) of persons with early syphilis met this definition. Having concurrent partners (two or more in one week in the last month) was independently associated with being a transmitter. Conclusion: Sexual network/behavioral characteristics of syphilis patients and their partners, such as concurrency, can help identify persons at higher risk for transmitting syphilis who should receive emphasis in disease prevention activities. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Louisiana Dept Hlth & Hosp, New Orleans, LA USA. S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, Columbia, SC 29201 USA. Mississippi Dept Hlth, Jackson, MS USA. Univ Texas, Houston Sch Publ Hlth, Hlth Sci Ctr, Houston, TX USA. RP Koumans, EH (reprint author), 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop E-02, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 28 TC 99 Z9 100 U1 2 U2 6 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 28 IS 9 BP 497 EP 503 DI 10.1097/00007435-200109000-00004 PG 7 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 470VT UT WOS:000170892400004 PM 11518865 ER PT J AU Lawrence, JM Zenilman, J Kamb, ML Iatesta, M Douglas, JM Rhodes, F Bolan, G Fishbein, M Peterman, T AF Lawrence, JM Zenilman, J Kamb, ML Iatesta, M Douglas, JM Rhodes, F Bolan, G Fishbein, M Peterman, T CA Project Respect Study Grp TI Sources of recent sexually transmitted disease (STD)-related health care for STD clinic patients SO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES LA English DT Article C1 Kaiser Permanente, Permanente Res & Evaluat, Los Angeles, CA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis, Baltimore, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Social Serv, Newark, NJ USA. Denver Dept Hlth, Denver, CO USA. Colorado Dept Publ Hlth & Environm, Denver, CO USA. Long Beach Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Long Beach, CA USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. San Francisco Hlth Dept, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Kamb, ML (reprint author), CDC, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Mailstop E-46,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0148-5717 J9 SEX TRANSM DIS JI Sex. Transm. Dis. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 28 IS 9 BP 535 EP 538 DI 10.1097/00007435-200109000-00011 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 470VT UT WOS:000170892400011 PM 11518872 ER PT J AU Honein, MA Paulozzi, LJ Erickson, JD AF Honein, MA Paulozzi, LJ Erickson, JD TI Continued occurrence of Accutane (R)-exposed pregnancies SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREVENTION-PROGRAM; ORAL ISOTRETINOIN; EXPOSURE; WOMEN; PRESCRIPTION; ACNE AB Background: Accutane(R) a teratogenic prescription drug licensed to treat severe, recalcitrant nodular acne. First-trimester pregnancy exposure can cause major birth defects. The manufacturer began a Pregnancy Prevention Program (PPP) in 1988; however, exposed pregnancies continue to occur. In 1996, the manufacturer began a direct-to-consumer advertising campaign, raising concerns of more exposed pregnancies. Methods: We examined trends in Accutane use by reproductive-aged women. We also interviewed a series of 14 women in California who had recent Accutane-exposed pregnancies to identify opportunities for prevention. Results: The estimated number of Accutane prescriptions for reproductive-aged women has more than doubled in the past 10 years; it is the most widely used teratogenic drug in the United States, with approximately 2.5 per 1,000 reproductive-aged women exposed to Accutane in 1999. One-half of the women interviewed reported seeing an advertisement for prescription acne treatment before taking Accutane. Eight of the 14 women used no contraception at the time of the exposed pregnancy; 13 of the 14 women did not use two forms of contraception. Four of the 14 women did not have pregnancy tests before starting Accutane. None reported seeing all PPP components, and four saw only the information on the pill packet. These 14 pregnancies resulted in four live infants who had no apparent birth defects, one live-born infant with multiple defects, four spontaneous abortions, and five induced abortions. Conclusions: The increase in Accutane use observed among females may be exacerbated by advertising. Physicians and patients must use more caution with teratogenic prescription drugs. C1 CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Honein, MA (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Mailstop F-45,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 20 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD SEP PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 BP 142 EP 147 DI 10.1002/tera.1057 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 468JK UT WOS:000170754200003 PM 11514944 ER PT J AU Daniel, KL Goldman, KD Lachenmayr, S Erickson, JD Moore, C AF Daniel, KL Goldman, KD Lachenmayr, S Erickson, JD Moore, C TI Interpretations of a teratogen warning symbol SO TERATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PREGNANCY-PREVENTION PROGRAM; ISOTRETINOIN; WOMEN AB Background: Warning symbols are used on teratogenic medications to communicate the message that women should (1) not take that medication if they may already be pregnant, and (2) not get pregnant while taking that medication. Communications research indicates that people interpret symbols or pictures in different ways. Other studies have shown that patients do not always receive education materials that are part of prescription protocol. Researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) tested the interpretation of the teratogen warning symbol and its ability to convey the correct information without accompanying education. Methods: A teratogen warning symbol currently printed on some medication packaging uses graphics and text warning the user not to get pregnant. Researchers interviewed women of childbearing age about their interpretation of the warning symbol and its meaning. Ninety-seven women were interviewed in a variety of locations, including public health clinics, literacy and job training offices, health clubs, and malls. Results: Only 21% of women interpreted correctly without prompting that they should either not take the medication if they are pregnant or not get pregnant while taking the medication. Twenty-seven percent of women first thought the symbol meant the package contained birth control medication, and 24% said it simply indicated the package contained drugs or medicine. An additional 7% said they did not know what the symbol was supposed to mean; 39% of respondents offered circumstances in which prescription medications might be shared. Conclusions: Misinterpretation of warning symbols can result in serious consequences. This research should serve as an urgent call for mandating education for all patients receiving drugs with teratogenic properties, and careful pretesting and modification of warning symbols before they are used on medications with teratogenic effects. C1 CDCP, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CUNY Herbert H Lehman Coll, Hlth Educ & Promot Program, Dept Hlth Serv, New York, NY 10012 USA. New Jersey Dept Hlth & Senior Serv, Lebanon, NJ 08833 USA. RP Daniel, KL (reprint author), CDCP, Birth Defects & Pediat Genet Branch, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Hwy,F-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0040-3709 J9 TERATOLOGY JI Teratology PD SEP PY 2001 VL 64 IS 3 BP 148 EP 153 DI 10.1002/tera.1058 PG 6 WC Developmental Biology; Toxicology SC Developmental Biology; Toxicology GA 468JK UT WOS:000170754200004 PM 11514945 ER PT J AU Eichner, M Diebner, HH Molineaux, L Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Dietz, K AF Eichner, M Diebner, HH Molineaux, L Collins, WE Jeffery, GM Dietz, K TI Genesis, sequestration and survival of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes: parameter estimates from fitting a model to malariatherapy data SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE Plasmodium falciparum; life-cycle; gametocytes; dynamics; circulation time; mathematical modelling ID TRANSMISSION; GAMETOCYTOGENESIS; PARASITES; COMMITMENT; CULTURE; CELLS AB Plasmodium falciparum malaria is one of mankind's main killers. Part of the parasite's life-cycle is spent in human blood, mainly as asexual stages. A fraction of the asexual parasites develops into gametocytes (gamete precursors) while sequestered in deep tissues. After re-entering the circulation, gametocytes can be picked up by a mosquito to continue the parasite's life-cycle. We present estimates of the conversion probability from asexual parasites to circulating gametocytes and of the gametocytes' sequestration and circulation times, obtained for the first time by fitting a dynamic model to individual patients' histories (daily records of 113 neurosyphilitic patients undergoing malariatherapy), The model assumes that the conversion probability can vary among the successive waves of asexual parasitaemia of a patient, and that gametocytes die at an age-dependent rate which increases under high asexual parasite densities. On average, 1 gametocyte per 156 asexual parasites (range 7.4-3700) is produced. The most remarkable findings are the large individual variation of conversion probabilities and circulation times, the average gametocyte circulation time of 6.4 days (range 1.3-22.2 days) which is more than twice the currently accepted value, and the large variation of conversion probabilities among successive waves of asexual parasitaemia without any particular time pattern. The latter finding could be explained by an association between conversion probability and variation of PfEMP1. C1 Univ Tubingen, Dept Med Biometry, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany. Ctr Art & Media, D-76135 Karlsruhe, Germany. WHO, CH-1242 Peney, Canton Geneve, Switzerland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, US Publ Hlth Serv, Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Eichner, M (reprint author), Univ Tubingen, Dept Med Biometry, Westbahnhofstr 55, D-72070 Tubingen, Germany. RI Dietz, Klaus/R-9268-2016 OI Dietz, Klaus/0000-0001-8503-9737 NR 28 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 3 U2 12 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 95 IS 5 BP 497 EP 501 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(01)90016-1 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 489GZ UT WOS:000171984800011 PM 11706658 ER PT J AU Lindblade, KA Katungu, J Wilson, ML AF Lindblade, KA Katungu, J Wilson, ML TI Fever and malaria in highland Uganda SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article DE malaria; fever; altitude; clinical case definitions; attributable fraction; Uganda ID CASE DEFINITIONS C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Kabale Dist Med Off, Kabale, Uganda. RP Lindblade, KA (reprint author), CDC, KEMRI, Malaria Sect, Unit 64112, APO, AE 09831 USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROYAL SOC TROPICAL MEDICINE PI LONDON PA MANSON HOUSE 26 PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON W1N 1EY, ENGLAND SN 0035-9203 J9 T ROY SOC TROP MED H JI Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD SEP-OCT PY 2001 VL 95 IS 5 BP 502 EP 503 DI 10.1016/S0035-9203(01)90018-5 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 489GZ UT WOS:000171984800012 PM 11706659 ER PT J AU Cable, RG Badon, S Trouem-Trend, J Militscher, JE Houghton, RL Lodes, MJ Persing, DH Eberhard, ML Pleniazek, NJ Herwaldt, BL Leiby, DA AF Cable, RG Badon, S Trouem-Trend, J Militscher, JE Houghton, RL Lodes, MJ Persing, DH Eberhard, ML Pleniazek, NJ Herwaldt, BL Leiby, DA TI Evidence for transmission of Babesia microti from Connecticut blood donors to recipients SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Amer Red Cross Blood Serv, Farmington, CT USA. Amer Red Cross, Holland Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Corixa Corp, Seattle, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2001 VL 41 IS 9 SU S BP 12S EP 13S PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 472TV UT WOS:000171001800046 ER PT J AU Leiby, DA Militscher, JE Johnson, ST Trouern-Trend, J Cable, RG Herwaldt, BL Slemenda, SB Nace, EM Won, KY AF Leiby, DA Militscher, JE Johnson, ST Trouern-Trend, J Cable, RG Herwaldt, BL Slemenda, SB Nace, EM Won, KY TI Serologic and parasitemic evidence for persistent Babesia infection in Connecticut blood donors SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Amer Red Cross, Rockville, MD USA. Amer Red Cross, Farmington, CT USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2001 VL 41 IS 9 SU S BP 12S EP 12S PG 1 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 472TV UT WOS:000171001800045 ER PT J AU Orton, SL Liu, H Tomioka, K AF Orton, SL Liu, H Tomioka, K TI Distribution of Treponema pallidum spirochete in blood components and the effect of storage SO TRANSFUSION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Amer Red Cross, Rockville, MD USA. Amer Red Cross, A Epidemiol Grp, Rockville, MD USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC BLOOD BANKS PI BETHESDA PA 8101 GLENBROOK RD, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2749 USA SN 0041-1132 J9 TRANSFUSION JI Transfusion PD SEP PY 2001 VL 41 IS 9 SU S BP 13S EP 14S PG 2 WC Hematology SC Hematology GA 472TV UT WOS:000171001800050 ER PT J AU Bari, A Akhtar, S Rahbar, MH Luby, SP AF Bari, A Akhtar, S Rahbar, MH Luby, SP TI Risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection in male adults in Rawalpindi-Islamabad, Pakistan SO TROPICAL MEDICINE & INTERNATIONAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE case-control study; hepatitis C virus; hepatitis C; viral hepatitis; risk factors; Pakistan ID BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; TRANSMISSION; INJECTIONS; POPULATION; ANTIBODY; DISEASE AB OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with HCV infection in Islamabad-Rawalpindi, METHODS Fifty-seven cases and 180 controls were enrolled from various departments of the nine major hospitals of the Rawalpindi-Islamabad during July-September 1998. Cases were enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) positive for antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV), aged 20-70 years, and residents of Islamabad or Rawalpindi division. Controls were anti-HCV ELISA negatives of the same age range and from the same area. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic variables and potential risk factors, which was analysed by logistic regression to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (Cf) for risk factors. RESULTS The final multivariate logistic regression model revealed that after adjusting for age, cases were more likely to have received therapeutic injections in the past 10 years (1-10 vs. 0 therapeutic injections; adjusted OR = 2.8, 95% Cl: 1.1-7.1; > 10 vs. 0 therapeutic injections; adjusted OR = 3.1, 95% Cl: 1.2-7.9) and were significantly more likely to have daily face (adjusted OR = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.5-17.0) and armpit shaves (adjusted OR = 2.9, 95% Cl: 1.3-6.5) by a barber. CONCLUSION HCV control and prevention programs in this region should include safe injection practices and educate men about the risk of HCV infection from contaminated instruments used by barbers. C1 Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Diarrhoeal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Akhtar, S (reprint author), Aga Khan Univ, Dept Community Hlth Sci, Div Epidemiol & Biostat, Stadium Rd, Karachi 74800, Pakistan. NR 32 TC 62 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA P O BOX 88, OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0NE, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1360-2276 J9 TROP MED INT HEALTH JI Trop. Med. Int. Health PD SEP PY 2001 VL 6 IS 9 BP 732 EP 738 DI 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2001.00779.x PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 474UY UT WOS:000171126300010 PM 11555441 ER PT J AU Mahy, B Kolakofsky, D AF Mahy, B Kolakofsky, D TI Negative strand viruses 2000 - Preface SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Mahy, B (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS C12, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 77 IS 1 BP 1 EP 1 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(01)00259-3 PG 1 WC Virology SC Virology GA 462LH UT WOS:000170421200001 ER PT J AU Liffick, SL Thoung, NT Xu, WB Li, YQ Lien, HP Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Liffick, SL Thoung, NT Xu, WB Li, YQ Lien, HP Bellini, WJ Rota, PA TI Genetic characterization of contemporary wild-type measles viruses from Vietnam and the People's Republic of China: identification of two genotypes within clade H SO VIRUS RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Negative Strand Viruses CY JUN, 2000 CL QUEBEC CITY, CANADA DE molecular epidemiology; measles; genotype ID MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; HEMAGGLUTININ; INDONESIA; EVOLUTION; LINEAGES; STRAINS; AFRICA; JAPAN AB Genetic characterization was conducted on 17 wild-type measles viruses isolated near Hanoi, Vietnam, during 1998 as well as on eight viruses isolated in the Hunan, Hainan, Shandong, and Anhui provinces of the People's Republic of China during 1995, 1998, and 1999. Previous studies had shown that, compared to wild-type measles viruses found in other parts of the world, wild-type viruses from China were genetically distinct and comprised a new clade of viruses, clade H. In this study, sequence analyses of the nucleotides coding for the COOH terminal 150 amino acids of the nucleoprotein (N) and the entire hemagglutinin (H) protein indicated that although all of the viruses from Vietnam were members of clade H, they were clearly distinct from the Chinese viruses. With the exception of MVi/Beijing. China /94/1, the Vietnamese viruses differed from all of the Chinese viruses by at least 3.5 and 2.5% at the nucleotide level for the N and H genes, respectively. These data suggest that clade H should be divided into two genotypes with the Chinese viruses placed in genotype HI and the Vietnamese viruses in genotype H2. Sequence analysis of measles viruses imported into the United States from either China or Vietnam demonstrated that this designation of genotypes will be helpful in future measles surveillance activities. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Inst Hyg & Epidimemiol, Dept Virol, Hanoi, Vietnam. Chinese Acad Prevent Med, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 33 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1702 J9 VIRUS RES JI Virus Res. PD SEP PY 2001 VL 77 IS 1 BP 81 EP 87 DI 10.1016/S0168-1702(01)00268-4 PG 7 WC Virology SC Virology GA 462LH UT WOS:000170421200010 PM 11451490 ER PT J AU Barlow, WE Davis, RL Glasser, JW Rhodes, PH Thompson, RS Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Ward, JI Marcy, SM DeStefano, F Chen, RT Immanuel, V Pearson, JA Vadheim, CM Rebolledo, V Christakis, D Benson, PJ Lewis, N AF Barlow, WE Davis, RL Glasser, JW Rhodes, PH Thompson, RS Mullooly, JP Black, SB Shinefield, HR Ward, JI Marcy, SM DeStefano, F Chen, RT Immanuel, V Pearson, JA Vadheim, CM Rebolledo, V Christakis, D Benson, PJ Lewis, N CA Ctr Dis Control Preventive Vaccine TI The risk of seizures after receipt of whole-cell pertussis or measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS; ADVERSE EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; IMMUNIZATION; SYSTEM; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDREN; COHORT; SAFETY; SWITCH AB Background: The administration of the diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and whole-cell pertussis (DTP) vaccine and measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine has been associated with seizures. We studied the relation between these vaccinations and the risk of a first seizure, subsequent seizures, and neurodevelopmental disability in children. Methods: This cohort study was conducted at four large health maintenance organizations and included reviews of the medical records of children with seizures. We calculated the relative risks of febrile and nonfebrile seizures among 679,942 children after 340,386 vaccinations with DTP vaccine, 137,457 vaccinations with MMR vaccine, or no recent vaccination. Children who had febrile seizures after vaccination were followed to identify the risk of subsequent seizures and other neurologic disabilities. Results: Receipt of DTP vaccine was associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures only on the day of vaccination (adjusted relative risk, 5.70; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.98 to 16.42). Receipt of MMR vaccine was associated with an increased risk of febrile seizures 8 to 14 days after vaccination (relative risk, 2.83; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.44 to 5.55). Neither vaccination was associated with an increased risk of nonfebrile seizures. The number of febrile seizures attributable to the administration of DTP and MMR vaccines was estimated to be 6 to 9 and 25 to 34 per 100,000 children, respectively. As compared with other children with febrile seizures that were not associated with vaccination, the children who had febrile seizures after vaccination were not found to be at higher risk for subsequent seizures or neurodevelopmental disabilities. Conclusions: There are significantly elevated risks of febrile seizures after receipt of DTP vaccine or MMR vaccine, but these risks do not appear to be associated with any long-term, adverse consequences. (N Engl J Med 2001;345:656-61.) Copyright (C) 2001 Massachusetts Medical Society. C1 Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Immunizat Studies Program, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NW Kaiser Permanente, Ctr Hlth Res, Portland, OR USA. Kaiser Permanente No Calif, Div Res, Oakland, CA USA. Harbor UCLA Med Ctr, Ctr Vaccine Res, Torrance, CA 90509 USA. So Calif Kaiser Permanente, Kaiser UCLA Vaccine Res Grp, Panorama City, CA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pediat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Davis, RL (reprint author), Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Immunizat Studies Program, 1730 Minor Ave,Suite 1600, Seattle, WA 98101 USA. NR 27 TC 151 Z9 157 U1 0 U2 12 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 30 PY 2001 VL 345 IS 9 BP 656 EP 661 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa003077 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 466XG UT WOS:000170671000004 PM 11547719 ER PT J AU Moore, A Herrera, G Nyamongo, J Lackritz, E Granade, T Nahlen, B Oloo, A Opondo, G Muga, R Janssen, R AF Moore, A Herrera, G Nyamongo, J Lackritz, E Granade, T Nahlen, B Oloo, A Opondo, G Muga, R Janssen, R TI Estimated risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion in Kenya SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; POPULATION; CHILDREN; REGION AB Background During the past decade, developing countries have received limited support for blood safety programmes. The Kenya Ministry of Health did a collaborative multicentre assessment to establish the risk of HIV transmission by transfusion in Kenya, to promote awareness of blood safety issues in this country with a mature HIV epidemic, and to identify methods to reduce the risk of HIV transmission by blood transfusion in Kenya. Methods For 12 weeks, from April to July 1994, we collected information and blood samples from all blood donors, and pretransfusion samples were collected from all recipients in six government hospitals in Kenya. Blood donations were collected and screened for HIV according to standard practice in the hospital laboratories. Test results at a reference laboratory were compared with those of the hospital laboratories and risk of transfusion-associated HIV transmission was calculated. Findings The prevalence of HIV among blood donors was 6.4% (120 of 1877) and varied by hospital (range 2-20%). HIV test results were available for 1290 donor-recipient pairs. Of these, 26 HIV-positive donations were given to HIV-negative patients. We estimate that 2.0% of transfusions transmitted HIV. Problems in the hospitals that contributed to transfusion risk included inconsistent refrigeration, data entry errors, equipment failure, and lack of a quality-assurance programme. Interpretation A high proportion of blood transfusions transmitted HIV in this high-prevalence area of Africa, primarily because of erroneous laboratory practices. On the basis of these results, the Kenya Ministry of Health introduced a number of practical and inexpensive interventions to improve national blood safety. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Kenya Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. Kenya Minist Hlth, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Janssen, R (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 70 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 3 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 25 PY 2001 VL 358 IS 9282 BP 657 EP 660 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05783-X PG 4 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 465XP UT WOS:000170615500031 PM 11530174 ER PT J AU Colley, DG LoVerde, PT Savioli, L AF Colley, DG LoVerde, PT Savioli, L TI Infectious disease: Medical helminthology in the 21st century SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID COGNITIVE FUNCTION; SCHOOL-CHILDREN C1 CDC, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Sch Med & Biomed Sci, Buffalo, NY 14214 USA. WHO, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. RP Colley, DG (reprint author), CDC, Div Parasit Dis, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 24 PY 2001 VL 293 IS 5534 BP 1437 EP 1438 DI 10.1126/science.1060733 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 465XV UT WOS:000170616000024 PM 11520969 ER PT J AU Rupprecht, CE Blass, L Smith, K Orciari, LA Niezgoda, M Whitfield, SG Gibbons, RV Guerra, M Hanlon, CA AF Rupprecht, CE Blass, L Smith, K Orciari, LA Niezgoda, M Whitfield, SG Gibbons, RV Guerra, M Hanlon, CA TI Brief report: Human infection due to recombinant vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein virus SO NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID VACCINATION; GENE C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Trumbull Mem Hosp, Warren, OH USA. Ohio Dept Hlth, Columbus, OH 43266 USA. RP Rupprecht, CE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Rabies Sect, Mailstop G-33,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 21 TC 97 Z9 104 U1 0 U2 3 PU MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SOC/NEJM PI WALTHAM PA WALTHAM WOODS CENTER, 860 WINTER ST,, WALTHAM, MA 02451-1413 USA SN 0028-4793 J9 NEW ENGL J MED JI N. Engl. J. Med. PD AUG 23 PY 2001 VL 345 IS 8 BP 582 EP 586 DI 10.1056/NEJMoa010560 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 464ZH UT WOS:000170562900005 PM 11529212 ER PT J AU Sathyavagiswaran, L Fielding, JE Dassy, D AF Sathyavagiswaran, L Fielding, JE Dassy, D CA CDC TI Heat-related deaths - Los Angeles County, California, 1999-2000, and United States, 1979-1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 623-626, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID WAVE C1 Dept Coroner, Los Angeles, CA USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. CDC, Hlth Studies Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Sathyavagiswaran, L (reprint author), Dept Coroner, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 22 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 8 BP 911 EP 912 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 465EU UT WOS:000170577300010 ER PT J AU Craig, W Cook, K Carney, J Schoenfeld, S Wilcke, B Algeo, T AF Craig, W Cook, K Carney, J Schoenfeld, S Wilcke, B Algeo, T TI Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome - Vermont, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 603-605, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint ID VIRUS C1 Vermont Dept Hlth, Burlington, VT 05402 USA. US Anim & Plant Hlth Inspect Serv, Wildlife Serv Program, USDA, Ames, IA USA. CDC, Special Pathogens Branch, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 22 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 8 BP 912 EP 913 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 465EU UT WOS:000170577300011 ER PT J AU Kohn, M Duthu, R Flood, H Hall, G Wiley, J Kutinac, HB AF Kohn, M Duthu, R Flood, H Hall, G Wiley, J Kutinac, HB CA CDC TI Drowning - Louisiana, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 413-414, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Oregon Dept Human Serv, Hlth Div, Salem, OR 97310 USA. Louisiana Dept Wildlife & Fisheries, Baton Rouge, LA 70898 USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, New Orleans, LA USA. CDC, State Branch, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Natl Ctr Injury Prevent & Control, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Kohn, M (reprint author), Oregon Dept Human Serv, Hlth Div, Salem, OR 97310 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 22 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 8 BP 913 EP 914 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 465EU UT WOS:000170577300012 ER PT J AU Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK AF Blanck, HM Khan, LK Serdula, MK TI Use of nonprescription weight loss products - Results from a multistate survey SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID DIETARY-SUPPLEMENTS; UNITED-STATES; DOUBLE-BLIND; PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE; PLACEBO; OBESITY AB Context Lifestyle changes to lose weight can be difficult; hence, both prescription and nonprescription diet products are appealing. Usage patterns of the nonprescription products phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and ephedra are of particular interest because of recent safety concerns. Objective To estimate the prevalence of overall and specific nonprescription weight loss product use by demographic characteristics, prescription diet pill use, diabetic status, and lifestyle choices. Design and Setting The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a random-digit telephone survey conducted in 1998 in 5 states. Florida, Iowa, Michigan, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. Participants Population-based sample of 14679 non institutionalized adults IS years or older. Main Outcome Measures Prevalence of nonprescription weight loss product use in 1996-1998. Results Seven percent reported overall nonprescription weight loss product use, 2% reported PPA use, and 1% reported ephedra product use. Overall use was especially common among young obese women (28.4%). Moreover, 7.9% of normal-weight women reported use. There was no difference in nonprescription weight loss product use by daily consumption of fruits and vegetables; however, more users than nonusers reported being physically active (for those who exercised greater than or equal to 30 minutes 5 times per week, odds ratio, 1.5, 95% confidence interval, 1.2-2.0). Among prescription weight loss product users, 33.8% also took nonprescription product. Conclusions With increasing rates of obesity, nonprescription product use is likely to increase. Clinicians should know about their patients' use of both prescription and nonprescription weight loss products. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Div Appl Publ Hlth Training, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Blanck, HM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS K-26, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 26 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 22 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 8 BP 930 EP 935 DI 10.1001/jama.286.8.930 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 465EU UT WOS:000170577300027 PM 11509057 ER PT J AU Mohle-Boetani, JC Farrar, JA Werner, SB Minassian, D Bryant, R Abbott, S Slutsker, L Vugia, DJ AF Mohle-Boetani, JC Farrar, JA Werner, SB Minassian, D Bryant, R Abbott, S Slutsker, L Vugia, DJ CA Investigation Team TI Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella infections associated with sprouts in California, 1996-1998 SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID ALFALFA SPROUTS; OUTBREAK; SEEDS AB Background: In California, from 1996 through 1998, more than 50% of multicounty outbreaks with confirmed food vehicles were related to alfalfa or clover sprouts. Objective: To summarize investigations of sprout-associated outbreaks. Design: Matched case-control studies. Setting: California. Patients: Outbreak-associated patients and matched population controls. Measurements: Matched odds ratios and 95% Cis; traceback and environmental investigations of sprout and seed growers; and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of isolates from patients, sprouts, and seeds. Results: Five sprout-associated outbreaks of salmonellosis and one outbreak of infection with nonmotile Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 occurred. Six hundred patients had culture-confirmed disease, and two died. It is estimated that these outbreaks caused 22 800 cases of gastrointestinal illness or urinary tract infection. In the case-control studies, odds ratios for the association between illness and alfalfa sprout consumption ranged from 5.0 to proportional to (all were statistically significant). Three sprout growers were implicated, and each was associated with two outbreaks. Outbreak strains of Salmonella were isolated from sprouts supplied by two sprout growers and from seeds used by the third sprout grower. Conclusions: As currently produced, sprouts can be a hazardous food. Seeds can be contaminated before sprouting, and no method can eliminate all pathogens from seeds. Seed and sprout growers should implement measures to decrease contamination. The general public should recognize the risks of eating sprouts, and populations at high risk for complications from salmonellosis or E coli O157 infection should avoid sprout consumption. C1 Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Los Angeles Cty Dept Hlth Serv, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mohle-Boetani, JC (reprint author), Dis Invest & Surveillance Branch, Div Communicable Dis Control, 2151 Berkeley Way,Room 708, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. EM jmohlebo@dhs.ca.gov NR 21 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 EI 1539-3704 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 21 PY 2001 VL 135 IS 4 BP 239 EP 247 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 465KE UT WOS:000170587500002 PM 11511138 ER PT J AU Navin, TR Beard, CB Huang, L del Rio, C Lee, S Pieniazek, NJ Carter, JL Le, T Hightower, A Rimland, D AF Navin, TR Beard, CB Huang, L del Rio, C Lee, S Pieniazek, NJ Carter, JL Le, T Hightower, A Rimland, D TI Effect of mutations in Pneumocystis carinii dihydropteroate synthase gene on outcome of P carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV-1: a prospective study SO LANCET LA English DT Article ID SULFONE PROPHYLAXIS; TRIMETHOPRIM-SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; AIDS PATIENTS; RESISTANCE; SEQUENCE AB Background Investigators have reported that patients infected with Pneumocystis carinii containing mutations in the DHPS (dihydropteroate synthase) gene have a worse outcome than those infected with P carinii containing wildtype DHPS. We investigated patients with HIV-1 infection and P carinii pneumonia to determine if DHPS mutations were associated with poor outcomes in these patients. Methods We compared presence of mutations at the DHPS locus with survival and response of patients to cotrimoxazole or other drugs. Findings For patients initially given co-trimoxazole, nine (14%) of 66 with DHPS mutant died, compared with nine (25%) of 36 with wild type (risk ratio=0.55 [95% CI=0.24-1.25]; p=0.15). Ten (15%) of 66 patients with a DHPS mutant did not respond to treatment, compared with 13 (36%) of 36 patients with the wild type (0.42 [0.20-0.86]; p=0.02). For patients aged 40 years or older, four (14%) of 29 with the mutant and nine (56%) of 16 with the wild type died (0.25 [0.09-0.67]; p=0.005). Interpretation These results, by contrast with those of previous studies, suggest that patients with wild-type P carinii do not have a better outcome than patients with the mutant when given co-trimoxazole. Our results suggest that presence of a DHPS mutation should be only one of several criteria guiding the choice of initial drug treatment of P carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV-1 infection. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, US PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div TB Eliminat, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, US PHS,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Dept Med, San Francisco, CA USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco Gen Hosp, Ctr AIDS Res, San Francisco, CA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Sch Med, Ctr AIDS Res, Atlanta, GA USA. Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Atlanta, GA 30033 USA. Res Ctr AIDS & HIV Infect, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Navin, TR (reprint author), Mailstop E-10,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI del Rio, Carlos/B-3763-2012 OI del Rio, Carlos/0000-0002-0153-3517 NR 15 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU LANCET LTD PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0140-6736 J9 LANCET JI Lancet PD AUG 18 PY 2001 VL 358 IS 9281 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)05705-1 PG 5 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 464NB UT WOS:000170537700012 PM 11520525 ER PT J AU Holmberg, SD Moorman, AC AF Holmberg, SD Moorman, AC TI Possible bias of ascertainment in assessing chemoprophylaxis for cryptosporidiosis SO AIDS LA English DT Letter ID CLARITHROMYCIN C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Holmberg, SD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0269-9370 J9 AIDS JI Aids PD AUG 17 PY 2001 VL 15 IS 12 BP 1589 EP 1589 DI 10.1097/00002030-200108170-00023 PG 1 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Virology GA 463KA UT WOS:000170474300023 PM 11504998 ER PT J AU Jones, CP AF Jones, CP TI Invited commentary: "Race," racism, and the practice of epidemiology SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PUBLIC-HEALTH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Jones, CP (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 152 Z9 153 U1 2 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 4 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.1093/aje/154.4.299 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 464XB UT WOS:000170557700002 PM 11495851 ER PT J AU Jones, JL Kruszon-Moran, D Wilson, M McQuillan, G Navin, T McAuley, JB AF Jones, JL Kruszon-Moran, D Wilson, M McQuillan, G Navin, T McAuley, JB TI Toxoplasma gondii infection in the United States: Seroprevalence and risk factors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE prevalence; seroepidemiologic studies; serology; Toxoplasma; toxoplasmosis ID PREGNANT-WOMEN; PROSPECTIVE COHORT; MILITARY RECRUITS; CATS; ANTIBODIES; PREVALENCE; OUTBREAK; RETINOCHOROIDITIS; SEROEPIDEMIOLOGY; EPIDEMIC AB Infection with Toxoplasma gondii can cause severe illness when the organism is contracted congenitally or when it is reactivated in immune-suppressed persons. To determine the prevalence of T. gondii infection in a representative sample of the US population, the authors tested sera from participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) for immunoglobulin G antibodies to T gondii. Of 27,145 persons aged greater than or equal to 12 years, 17,658 (65%) had sera tested. The overall age-adjusted seroprevalence was 22.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 21.1, 23.9); among women aged 15-44 years, seroprevalence was 15.0% (95% CI: 13.2, 17.0). Age-adjusted seroprevalence was higher in the Northeast (29.2%) than in the South (22.8%), Midwest (20.5%), or West (17.5%) (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, risk for T gondii infection increased with age and was higher among persons who were foreign-born, persons with a lower educational level, those who lived in crowded conditions, and those who worked in soil-related occupations, although in subset analyses risk categories varied by race/ethnicity. Nearly one quarter of adults and adolescents in the United States have been infected with T gondii. Most women of childbearing age in the United States are susceptible to acute infection and should be educated about ways to minimize exposure to T gondii. C1 CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Div Hlth Examinat Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Jones, JL (reprint author), CDCP, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop F-22,4770 Buford Highway NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. EM jlj1@cdc.gov NR 52 TC 294 Z9 321 U1 1 U2 18 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 4 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.1093/aje/154.4.357 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 464XB UT WOS:000170557700010 PM 11495859 ER PT J AU Williamson, JM Satten, GA Hanson, JA Weinstock, H Datta, S AF Williamson, JM Satten, GA Hanson, JA Weinstock, H Datta, S TI Analysis of dynamic cohort data SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Cox regression; incidence; interval censoring; survival analysis; truncation ID PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODEL; INTERVAL-CENSORED-DATA; INJECTION-DRUG USERS; INCIDENCE RATES; HIV INCIDENCE; LOS-ANGELES; INFECTION; INFERENCE AB Left-truncated and interval-censored data, termed dynamic cohort data, arise in longitudinal studies with rolling admissions and only occasional follow-up. The authors compared four approaches for analyzing such data: a constant hazard model; maximum likelihood estimation with flexible parametric models; the midpoint method, in which the midpoint of the last negative and first positive test result is used in a Cox proportional hazards model that accounts for left truncation; and a semiparametric method that uses imputed failure times in the Cox model. By using a simulation study, they assessed the performance of these approaches under conditions that can arise in observational studies: changes in disease incidence and changes in the underlying population. The simulation results indicated that the constant hazard model and midpoint method were inadequate and that the flexible parametric model was useful when enough parameters were used in modeling the baseline hazard. The semiparametric method ensured correct parameter (odds ratio) estimation when the baseline hazard was misspecified, but the trade-off increased computational complexity. In this paper, a study of the incidence of human immunodeficiency virus in patients repeatedly tested for the virus at a sexually transmitted disease clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana, illustrates the methods used. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Louisiana Off Publ Hlth, HIV AIDS Program, New Orleans, LA USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Williamson, JM (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, MS E-37,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 4 BP 366 EP 372 DI 10.1093/aje/154.4.366 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 464XB UT WOS:000170557700011 PM 11495860 ER PT J AU Calaf, RE Pena, J Paytubi, S Blount, BC de la Paz, MP Gelpi, E Abian, J AF Calaf, RE Pena, J Paytubi, S Blount, BC de la Paz, MP Gelpi, E Abian, J TI Determination of aniline derivatives in oils related to the toxic oil syndrome by atmospheric pressure ionization-tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME; FATTY-ACID ANILIDES; 3-(PHENYLAMINO)ALANINE; SPAIN; LINK AB In 1981, an unknown disease appeared in Spain, the Spanish Toxic Oil Syndrome. Nowadays and despite all efforts, the etiological agent is still unknown. Early studies showed a link between this illness and the consumption of denatured rapeseed oil fraudulently processed and marketed as edible oil. Two families of aniline derivatives present in these oils (fatty acid anilides and acylated phenyl amino propanediol derivatives or PAPs) were found to be good chemical markers of toxic oils. In this work, a new method has been developed to analyze these aniline derivatives in oil samples by HPLC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS with an API source. For their quantification, three different internal standards were used, one for anilides and two for PAPs. Quantification limits were 8 ppm for anilides and 0.2 ppm for PAPs. Anilides and PAPs were found in marker-positive samples at levels up to 50 000 and 330 ppm, respectively. The relative abundance of the different fatty acid anilides and PAPs correlates with the fatty acid composition of the oils. More than 2600 different samples were analyzed by this method in the most exhaustive screening of suspected toxic oils carried out to date. C1 IDIBAPS, IIBB CSIC, Dept Med Bioanal, Struct & Biol Mass Spectrometry Unit, Barcelona 08036, Spain. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Lab Sci, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Inst Salud Carlos 3, CISAT, Madrid 28029, Spain. RP Abian, J (reprint author), IDIBAPS, IIBB CSIC, Dept Med Bioanal, Struct & Biol Mass Spectrometry Unit, Rosellon 161, Barcelona 08036, Spain. RI Abian, Joaquin/M-1965-2014; OI Abian, Joaquin/0000-0003-2823-5429; Posada, Manuel/0000-0002-8372-4180 NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 16 BP 3828 EP 3837 DI 10.1021/ac0101712 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 463NT UT WOS:000170482800006 PM 11534704 ER PT J AU Dowell, SF Peeling, RW Boman, J Carlone, GM Fields, BS Guarner, J Hammerschlag, MR Jackson, LA Kuo, CC Maass, M Messmer, TO Talkington, DF Tondella, ML Zaki, SR Bandea, C Black, C O'Conner, S Papp, J Perilla, MJ Schuchat, A Stevens, V Van Beneden, CA Zell, ER Cohen, C Campbell, LA Wwang, SP Grayston, JT Deal, CD Gaydos, C Schindler, L Taylor, CE Mahony, J Fong, IW Leinonen, M Saikku, P Maas, M Ossewaarde, JM Persson, K Boman, J Apfalter, P AF Dowell, SF Peeling, RW Boman, J Carlone, GM Fields, BS Guarner, J Hammerschlag, MR Jackson, LA Kuo, CC Maass, M Messmer, TO Talkington, DF Tondella, ML Zaki, SR Bandea, C Black, C O'Conner, S Papp, J Perilla, MJ Schuchat, A Stevens, V Van Beneden, CA Zell, ER Cohen, C Campbell, LA Wwang, SP Grayston, JT Deal, CD Gaydos, C Schindler, L Taylor, CE Mahony, J Fong, IW Leinonen, M Saikku, P Maas, M Ossewaarde, JM Persson, K Boman, J Apfalter, P CA C pneumonia Workshop Participants TI Standardizing Chlamydia pneumoniae assays: Recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) and the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control (Canada) SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; REACTION-ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; ABDOMINAL AORTIC-ANEURYSMS; ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; CAROTID-ARTERY; ENDOVASCULAR PRESENCE; ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES; INTERNAL CONTROL; REACTION PCR AB Chlamydia pneumoniae has been associated with atherosclerosis and several other chronic diseases, but reports from different laboratories are highly variable and "gold standards" are lacking, which has led to calls for more standardized approaches to diagnostic testing. Using leading researchers in the field, we reviewed the available approaches to serological testing, culture, DNA amplification, and tissue diagnostics to make specific recommendations. With regard to serological testing, only use of microimmunofluorescence is recommended, standardized definitions for "acute infection" and "past exposure" are proposed, and the use of single immunoglobulin (Ig) G titers for determining acute infection and IgA for determining chronic infection are discouraged. Confirmation of a positive culture result requires propagation of the isolate or confirmation by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Four of 18 PCR assays described in published reports met the proposed validation criteria. More consistent use of control antibodies and tissues and improvement in skill at identifying staining artifacts are necessary to avoid false-positive results of immunohistochemical staining. These standards should be applied in future investigations and periodically modified as indicated. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Epidemiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. SUNY Hlth Sci Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11203 USA. Hlth Canada, Lab Ctr Dis Control, Ottawa, ON K1A 0L2, Canada. Univ Umea Hosp, Dept Clin Virol, S-90185 Umea, Sweden. Med Univ Lubeck, Inst Med Microbiol & Hyg, D-23538 Lubeck, Germany. RP Dowell, SF (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop C-12,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Gaydos, Charlotte/E-9937-2010; Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013 NR 82 TC 352 Z9 377 U1 0 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 4 BP 492 EP 502 DI 10.1086/322632 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 456WB UT WOS:000170104800016 PM 11462186 ER PT J AU Lotric-Furlan, S Petrovec, M Avsic-Zupanc, T Nicholson, WL Sumner, JW Childs, JE Strle, F AF Lotric-Furlan, S Petrovec, M Avsic-Zupanc, T Nicholson, WL Sumner, JW Childs, JE Strle, F TI Prospective assessment of the etiology of acute febrile illness after a tick bite in Slovenia SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Congress of the European-Society-for-Emerging-Infections CY SEP 13-16, 1998 CL BUDAPEST, HUNGARY SP European Soc Emerging Infect ID HUMAN GRANULOCYTIC EHRLICHIOSIS; BURGDORFERI SENSU-LATO; IXODES-RICINUS TICKS; HIGH-RISK POPULATION; BORRELIA-BURGDORFERI; LYME-DISEASE; UNITED-STATES; BORNE ENCEPHALITIS; SPOTTED-FEVER; INFECTION AB A prospective study established the etiology of febrile illnesses in residents of Slovenia that occurred within 6 weeks after a tick bite. A combination of laboratory and clinical criteria identified 64 (49.2%) of 130 patients as having confirmed, probable, or possible cases of tickborne disease during 1995 and 1996. Of the 130 patients, 36 (27.7%) had laboratory evidence of tickborne encephalitis, all of whom had clinically confirmed disease. Evidence of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was identified in 26 patients; 10 (7.7%) had confirmed Lyme borreliosis. Of 22 patients with evidence of Ehrlichia phagocytophila infection, 4 (3.1%) had confirmed ehrlichiosis. Infection by multiple organisms was found in 19 (14.6%) of 130 patients. Patients with meningeal involvement (43 [72.3%] of 59) were more likely to have confirmed tickborne disease than were patients with illness of undefined localization (18 [26.5%] of 68; P<.0001). Tickborne viral and bacterial infections are an important cause of febrile illness in Slovenia. C1 Univ Ljubljana, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Ljubljana 1525, Slovenia. Univ Ljubljana, Fac Med, Inst Microbiol & Immunol, Ljubljana, Slovenia. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Lotric-Furlan, S (reprint author), Univ Ljubljana, Med Ctr, Dept Infect Dis, Japlijeva 2, Ljubljana 1525, Slovenia. RI Childs, James/B-4002-2012 NR 38 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 4 BP 503 EP 510 PG 8 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 456WB UT WOS:000170104800017 PM 11462187 ER PT J AU Caceres, VM Sutter, RW AF Caceres, VM Sutter, RW TI Sabin monovalent oral polio vaccines: Review of past experiences and their potential use after polio eradication SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Review ID UNITED-STATES; POLIOMYELITIS; IMMUNIZATION; VACCINATION; DIARRHEA; BRAZIL; WORLD AB After global eradication of polio is achieved, there will be a need for stockpiles of vaccine to combat potential outbreaks of poliomyelitis caused by (1) unforeseen release of polioviruses, (2) continued circulation of vaccine-derived strains, or (3) prolonged replication of polioviruses in immunodeficient persons. We conducted a review of the literature to document the immunogenicity and safety of monovalent Sabin vaccines, considered ideal candidates for these situations. The National Library of Medicine archives were searched for the keywords "polio," "monovalent," and "vaccine." Seroconversion rates for monovalent Sabin type 1 ranged from 53% to 100% (median, 95%); for type 2, 77%-100% (median, 93%); and for type 3, 52%-100% (median, 85%). The risk of vaccine-associated poliomyelitis per million persons vaccinated ranged from .05 to 0.99 (type 1), 0-0.65 (type 2), and 1.18-8.91 (type 3). Single-dose monovalent Sabin vaccines are highly immunogenic and safe and should be considered for stockpiles of vaccine to provide an effective response to potential outbreaks of poliomyelitis in the post-eradication period. C1 CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Caceres, VM (reprint author), CDCP, Natl Immunizat Program, Vaccine Preventable Dis Eradicat Div, Mailstop E 05,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 68 TC 55 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 8 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 4 BP 531 EP 541 DI 10.1086/321905 PG 11 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 456WB UT WOS:000170104800021 PM 11462191 ER PT J AU Ryan, MAK Gray, GC Malasig, MD Binn, LN Asher, LV Cute, D Kehl, SC Dunn, BE Yund, AJ AF Ryan, MAK Gray, GC Malasig, MD Binn, LN Asher, LV Cute, D Kehl, SC Dunn, BE Yund, AJ TI Two fatal cases of adenovirus-related illness in previously healthy young adults - Illinois, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 553, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Silver Spring, MD USA. Naval Hosp, Great Lakes, IL USA. Med Coll Wisconsin, Froedtert Mem Lutheran Hosp, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA. Dept Vet Affairs, Clement J Zablocki Med Ctr, Milwaukee, WI USA. USN, Bur Med & Surg, Washington, DC USA. CDC, Resp & Enter Viruses Br, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ryan, MAK (reprint author), USN, Hlth Res Ctr, Dept Def, Ctr Deployment Hlth Res, San Diego, CA 92152 USA. NR 1 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 7 BP 782 EP 783 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 462PU UT WOS:000170429600010 ER PT J AU Landgraf, J Stobierski, MG Stoltman, G Boulton, M Wiersma, S South, JR Neitzel, D Hull, H Smith, K AF Landgraf, J Stobierski, MG Stoltman, G Boulton, M Wiersma, S South, JR Neitzel, D Hull, H Smith, K TI Malaria deaths following inappropriate malaria chemoprophylaxis - United States, 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 597, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN 55414 USA. CDC, Malaria Epidemiol Br, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Entomol Br, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 7 BP 783 EP 784 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 462PU UT WOS:000170429600011 ER PT J AU Scheer, S McQuitty, M Denning, P Hormel, L Stephens, B Katz, M Schwarcz, S AF Scheer, S McQuitty, M Denning, P Hormel, L Stephens, B Katz, M Schwarcz, S TI Undiagnosed and unreported AIDS deaths: Results from the San Francisco Medical Examiner SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Article DE AIDS surveillance; completeness of reporting; undiagnosed AIDS; medical examiner ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; HIV DISEASE; SURVIVAL; IMPACT; CARE AB To determine whether AIDS surveillance misses a substantial number of persons who die with unreported AIDS, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of decedents examined by the San Francisco (SF) Medical Examiner. Decedents who received toxicology screening were tested for HIV antibody and examined for evidence of AIDS. Names of decedents with positive or indeterminate HIV antibody test results were cross-referenced against the SF AIDS registry to identify previously reported AIDS cases. Medical records of unreported cases were reviewed to determine whether AIDS had been diagnosed prior to death. Of 1959 decedents tested, 176 (9%) were HIV positive; 105 (60%) were identified as having AIDS by the Medical Examiner. Of the 105 AIDS cases, 101 (96%) had been previously diagnosed; 98 (97%) had been previously reported. Overall, diagnosis and reporting were 93% complete. HIV-infected decedents were more likely than those uninfected to be men and < 45 years old, and less likely to be Asian/Pacific Islander or Native American (p < .001). They were more likely to have died of suicide (p < .05) or drug abuse/overdose (p < .001). In SF, AIDS case reporting is highly complete. Current surveillance activities, which identify cases from health care settings, are appropriate. To decrease deaths among HIV-infected persons, suicide prevention and substance abuse treatment programs are needed. C1 San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, San Francisco, CA USA. Med Examiners Off City & Cty San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA. RP Scheer, S (reprint author), San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, 25 Van Ness Ave,Suite 500, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 27 IS 5 BP 467 EP 471 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 466QN UT WOS:000170656400008 PM 11511824 ER PT J AU Mwinzi, PNM Karanja, DMS Colley, DG Orago, ASS Secor, WE AF Mwinzi, PNM Karanja, DMS Colley, DG Orago, ASS Secor, WE TI Cellular immune responses of schistosomiasis patients are altered by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coinfection SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 48th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY NOV 27-DEC 02, 1999 CL WASHINGTON, D.C. SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID SYNCYTIUM-INDUCING PHENOTYPE; BLOOD MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; T-CELL; HAEMATOBIUM INFECTION; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; HELMINTH INFECTION; INTERFERON-GAMMA; WESTERN KENYA; IL-10 LEVELS; IN-VITRO AB In vitro studies suggest that CD4(+) cells with a T helper 2 (Th2) phenotype better support human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication than do cells of the Th1 phenotype. As a result, Th2-type immune responses may be substantially affected by HIV-1 coinfection. To test this hypothesis, a comparison was done of proliferation and cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with schistosomiasis who were positive or negative for HIV-1. Patients with schistosomiasis with HIV-1 coinfections had significantly lower interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 production than did HIV-1-negative individuals. In contrast, interferon-gamma production levels were similar between the 2 groups. Furthermore, in patients with HIV-1, a decrease in CD4(+) T cells was correlated with an increased Th1: Th2 cytokine production ratio. The effect of praziquantel treatment on proliferation and cytokine responses also differed between HIV-1 infection groups. Thus, HIV-1 infection affects immune response patterns of patients with schistosomiasis. C1 CDCP, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Med Res Inst, Ctr Vector Biol & Control Res, Kisumu, Kenya. Kenyatta Univ, Dept Zool, Nairobi, Kenya. RP Secor, WE (reprint author), CDCP, Immunol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS F-13, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 45 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 4 BP 488 EP 496 DI 10.1086/322783 PG 9 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 456WA UT WOS:000170104700013 PM 11471107 ER PT J AU Garcia-Lerma, JG Nidtha, S Heneine, W AF Garcia-Lerma, JG Nidtha, S Heneine, W TI Susceptibility of human T cell leukemia virus type 1 to reverse-transcriptase inhibitors: Evidence for resistance to lamivudine SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID HTLV-I; PROVIRAL LOAD AB Nucleoside reverse-transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NRTIs), including lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (Zdv), are being evaluated for the treatment of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-associated disease. However, information on the susceptibility of HTLV-1 to these drugs is limited. The activity of 5 NRTIs on HTLV-1 RT was evaluated. IC50 values for Zdv, zalcitabine (ddC), didanosine (ddI), 3TC, and stavudine (d4T) were determined, using an enzymatic assay, for 5 HTLV-1 isolates and for reference wild-type and NRTI-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Both HTLV-1 and wild-type HIV-1 were equally susceptible to Zdv, ddC, ddI, and d4T. In contrast, high-level resistance to 3TC was found in all HTLV-1 isolates. The findings support the clinical use of Zdv, ddC, ddI, and d4T but not of 3TC for the antiretroviral treatment of HTLV-1-associated disease. C1 CDCP, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Heneine, W (reprint author), CDCP, HIV & Retrovirol Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS G-19, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 15 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 4 BP 507 EP 510 DI 10.1086/322785 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 456WA UT WOS:000170104700016 PM 11471110 ER PT J AU Harcourt, BH Tamin, A Halpin, K Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Bellini, WJ Rota, PA AF Harcourt, BH Tamin, A Halpin, K Ksiazek, TG Rollin, PE Bellini, WJ Rota, PA TI Molecular characterization of the polymerase gene and genomic termini of Nipah virus SO VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID VESICULAR STOMATITIS-VIRUS; NUCLEOTIDE-SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; CANINE-DISTEMPER VIRUS; EQUINE MORBILLIVIRUS; L-PROTEIN; HENDRA-VIRUS; PARAMYXOVIRUS; INFECTION; DOMAINS AB In 1998, Nipah virus (NV) emerged in peninsular Malaysia, causing fatal encephalitis in humans and a respiratory disease in swine. NV is most closely related to Hendra virus (HV), a paramyxovirus that was identified in Australia in 1994, and it has been proposed that HV and NV represent a new genus within the family Paramyxoviridae. This report describes the analysis of the sequences of the polymerase gene (L) and genomic termini of NV as well as a comparison of the full-length, genomic sequences of HV and NV The L gene of NV is predicted to be 2244 amino acids in size and contains the six domains found within the L proteins of alt nonsegmented, negative-stranded (NNS) RNA viruses. However, the GDNQ motif found in most NNS RNA viruses was replaced by GDNE in both NV and HV The 3' and 5' termini of the NV genome are nearly identical to the genomic termini of HV and share sequence homology with the genomic termini of other members of the subfamily Paramyxovirinae. At 18,246 nucleotides, the genome of NV is 12 nucleotides longer than the genome of HV and they have the largest genomes within the family Paramyxoviridae. The comparison of the structures of the genomes of HV and NV is now complete and this information will help to establish the taxonomic position of these novel viruses within the family Paramyxoviridae. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Rota, PA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Resp & Enter Viruses Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop C-22, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Halpin, Kim/G-6203-2012 NR 55 TC 68 Z9 79 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0042-6822 J9 VIROLOGY JI Virology PD AUG 15 PY 2001 VL 287 IS 1 BP 192 EP 201 DI 10.1006/viro.2001.1026 PG 10 WC Virology SC Virology GA 465TT UT WOS:000170606600020 PM 11504554 ER PT J AU Orciari, LA Niezgoda, M Hanlon, CA Shaddock, JH Sanderlin, DW Yager, PA Rupprecht, CE AF Orciari, LA Niezgoda, M Hanlon, CA Shaddock, JH Sanderlin, DW Yager, PA Rupprecht, CE TI Rapid clearance of SAG-2 rabies virus from dogs after oral vaccination SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE rabies virus; oral vaccination; pathogenesis ID MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; SAFETY; GLYCOPROTEIN; EFFICACY; VACCINES; FOXES; AMPLIFICATION; PATHOGENICITY; PATHOGENESIS; RACCOONS AB This study investigated the safety, efficacy, and clearance of SAG-2. an attentuated rabies virus, after oral vaccination in dogs. Nineteen dogs consumed baits containing lyophilized vaccine, but residual SAG-2 virus was recovered in only one of 57 oral swabs, collected one hour post-vaccination. Seven vaccinates were euthanized between 24 and 96 h after consuming a bait. Rabies virus RNA was detected in tonsils from all seven dogs by nested RT-PCR, with primers to the viral glycoprotein. Genomic, sense-transcripts. and m-RNAs were detected in five of seven tonsil samples using primers to the rabies virus nucleoprotein gene, as well as in four of seven samples from the buccal mucosa and one of seven from the tongue. Rabies virus antigen was detected in all tonsils by an immunohistochemistry test, confirming the RT-PCR results. In addition, virus was isolated from one tonsil sample collected at 96 h. providing supportive evidence of viral replication. Ten of 12 (83%) of the vaccinated dogs demonstrated an anamnestic response, with viral neutralizing antibody titers (greater than or equal to 0.5 IU/ml), after rabies virus challenge. These ten dogs survived., whereas all control dogs succumbed to rabies. Attenuated rabies viruses, such as SAG-2. replicate in local tissues of the oral cavity and can be cleared relatively quickly, without viral excretion, leading to protective immunity against the disease. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Rabies Sect, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Coll Vet Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Orciari, LA (reprint author), CDCP, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Viral & Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Rabies Sect, Mailstop G-33, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 46 TC 53 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 14 PY 2001 VL 19 IS 31 BP 4511 EP 4518 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00186-4 PG 8 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 465KF UT WOS:000170587600022 PM 11483278 ER PT J AU Lingappa, JR Rosenstein, N Zell, ER Shutt, KA Schuchat, A Perkins, BA AF Lingappa, JR Rosenstein, N Zell, ER Shutt, KA Schuchat, A Perkins, BA CA ABCs Team TI Surveillance for meningococcal disease and strategies for use of conjugate meningococcal vaccines in the United States SO VACCINE LA English DT Article DE Neisseria meningitidis; meningococal; conjugate vaccine ID INFLUENZAE TYPE-B; NEISSERIA-MENINGITIDIS; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; GROUP-A; VACCINATION; PREVENTION; EFFICACY; CARRIAGE; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Background: Neisseria meningitidis is a leading cause of bacterial meningitis in US; new capsular type-specific conjugate vaccines offer an opportunity for improved control of meningococcal disease. We evaluated the relative burdens of invasive meningococcal disease in US and examined the projected impact of various meningococcal conjugate vaccination strategies on rates of meningococcal disease. Methods: meningococcal disease incidence rates were determined from active, population-based surveillance in selected US areas. Models were created to determine impact of vaccination of infants. toddlers, adolescents or college students with meningococcal conjugate vaccines, with assumptions for vaccine coverage, efficacy and duration of protection. Although we examined possible conjugate vaccine formulations including serogroups A, C, Y and W-135, the final vaccine impact analysis excluded serogroups A and W-135. Outcome measures were cumulative meningococcal disease incidence, and incidence 10 years after initiating vaccination among 0-22-year-olds. Results: in models of serogroup C + Y meningococcal conjugate vaccination or infants, toddlers and adolescents, the cumulative incidence of meningococcal disease was reduced by 54, 48 and 25%. respectively, the toddler strategy had the greatest impact per dose. After 10 years of routine meningococcal conjugate vaccination. meningococcal disease could be reduced by 50%,, and deaths by 64%. Conclusions: use of meningococcal conjugate vaccine could markedly reduce meningococcal disease incidence. Our data, along with vaccine formulation and vaccination program considerations, will be important in determining the optimal choice of vaccination strategy. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lingappa, JR (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mailstop C-09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 NR 48 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0264-410X J9 VACCINE JI Vaccine PD AUG 14 PY 2001 VL 19 IS 31 BP 4566 EP 4575 DI 10.1016/S0264-410X(01)00209-2 PG 10 WC Immunology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Immunology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 465KF UT WOS:000170587600029 PM 11483285 ER PT J AU Craven, RB Roehrig, JT AF Craven, RB Roehrig, JT TI West Nile Virus SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; ENCEPHALITIS; DIAGNOSIS; OUTBREAK C1 CDCP, Arbovirus Dis Branch,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, US Dept HHS,PHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Craven, RB (reprint author), CDCP, Arbovirus Dis Branch,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, US Dept HHS,PHS, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 8 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 6 BP 651 EP 653 DI 10.1001/jama.286.6.651 PG 3 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 459VE UT WOS:000170271500002 PM 11495600 ER PT J AU Boggs, JD Whitwam, RE Hale, LM Briscoe, RP Kahn, SE MacCormack, JN Maillard, JM Grayson, SC Sigmon, KS Reardon, JW Saah, JR AF Boggs, JD Whitwam, RE Hale, LM Briscoe, RP Kahn, SE MacCormack, JN Maillard, JM Grayson, SC Sigmon, KS Reardon, JW Saah, JR TI Outbreak of listeriosis associated with homemade Mexican-Style cheese - North Carolina, October-2000-January 2001 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50,pg 560-562, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 Forsyth Cty Hlth Dept, Winston Salem, NC 27120 USA. Gen Communicable Dis Control Br, Sect Human Ecol & Epidemiol, Div Publ Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. N Carolina Dept Environm Hlth & Nat Resources, Raleigh, NC 27611 USA. N Carolina Dept Agr & Consumer Svcs, Raleigh, NC USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Br, Bethesda, MD USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Boggs, JD (reprint author), Forsyth Cty Hlth Dept, Winston Salem, NC 27120 USA. NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 8 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 6 BP 664 EP 665 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 459VE UT WOS:000170271500010 ER PT J AU Englberger, L Ngaden, V Ishmael, H Neupane, S van der Haar, F Sullivan, K Elymore, J AF Englberger, L Ngaden, V Ishmael, H Neupane, S van der Haar, F Sullivan, K Elymore, J CA CDC TI Vitamin A deficiency among children - Federated States of Micronesia, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 509-512, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 UN Childrens Fund, Pacific Off, New York, NY USA. Dept Int Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA USA. Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Englberger, L (reprint author), UN Childrens Fund, Pacific Off, New York, NY USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 8 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 6 BP 667 EP 668 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 459VE UT WOS:000170271500012 ER PT J AU Bruce, MG Rosenstein, NE Capparella, JM Shutt, KA Perkins, BA Collins, M AF Bruce, MG Rosenstein, NE Capparella, JM Shutt, KA Perkins, BA Collins, M TI Risk factors for meningococcal disease in college students SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CAMPUS BAR PATRONAGE; UNITED-STATES; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; INFECTIONS; OUTBREAK; EPIDEMIOLOGY; ASSOCIATION; MYCOPLASMA; CHILDREN; VACCINE AB Context Elevated rates of meningococcal disease were noted among 18- to 22-year-olds in the mid-1990's. However, national data on rates of meningococcal disease in US college students were not collected until 1998. Objectives To determine rates of meningococcal disease in US college students and to identify risk factors for meningococcal disease in this population. Design, Setting, and Patients Prospective surveillance study with nested case-control study of US college students with meningococcal infection from September 1, 1998, to August 31, 1999. Fifty state health departments and 231 college health centers participated. Main Outcome Measures incidence of and risk factors for meningococcal disease in US college students. Results Ninety-six cases of meningococcal disease were identified. The incidence rate for undergraduates was 0.7 per 100000 persons vs 1.4 per 100000 for the general population of 18- to 23-year-old nonstudents (P<.001). Freshmen living in dormitories had the highest incidence rate at 5.1 per 100000. Of the 79 case-patients for whom information was available, 54 (68%) had illness due to vaccine-preventable meningococcal serogroups. On multivariable analysis of case-control study data, freshmen who lived in dormitories had an elevated risk of meningococcal disease (matched odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-8.5; P=.003) compared with other college students. Conclusions Freshmen who live in dormitories have an independent, elevated risk of meningococcal disease compared with other college students. Use of the currently vat available quadrivalent polysaccharide vaccine among college students could substantially decrease their risk of meningococcal disease. C1 CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Amer Coll Hlth Assoc, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Penn, Student Hlth Serv, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Rosenstein, NE (reprint author), CDCP, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mailstop C-09, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. OI Shutt, Kathleen/0000-0003-3376-6152 NR 40 TC 76 Z9 79 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 8 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 6 BP 688 EP 693 DI 10.1001/jama.286.6.688 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 459VE UT WOS:000170271500024 PM 11495618 ER PT J AU Harrison, LH Pass, MA Mendelsohn, AB Egri, M Rosenstein, NE Bustamante, A Razeq, J Roche, JC AF Harrison, LH Pass, MA Mendelsohn, AB Egri, M Rosenstein, NE Bustamante, A Razeq, J Roche, JC TI Invasive meningococcal disease in adolescents and young adults SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CAMPUS BAR PATRONAGE; BACTERIAL-MENINGITIS; COLLEGE-STUDENTS; UNITED-STATES; EPIDEMIC; OUTBREAK; VACCINE; PREVENTION; INFECTION; RISK AB Context Incidence of invasive meningococcal disease has increased recently in persons aged 15 through 24 years. Objective To characterize meningococcal infection in adolescents and young adults in Maryland during the 1990s. Design and Setting Population-based surveillance study for meningococcal disease from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 1999, in Maryland. Patients Maryland residents diagnosed as having invasive meningococcal disease. Main Outcome Measure Invasive meningococcal infection. Results Of 295 total cases, 71 (24.1%) occurred among persons aged 15 through 24 years. Sixteen (22.5%) of these cases were fatal. The annual incidence rate increased from 0.9 to 2.1 cases per 100000 among 15 through 24 year olds (P=.01). The proportion of all disease increased from 16.0% to 28.9% (P=.03). The incidence and proportion of cases subsequently decreased to 1.0 and 16.4% in 1998 through 1999, respectively. Infection in 15 through 24 year olds was more likely to be fatal than infection in those younger than age 15 years (22.5% vs 4.6%; P=.001). Infection in 15 through 24 year olds, compared with those aged 25 years or older, was more likely to be associated with male sex (66.2% vs 34.8%; P<.001) and serogroup C infection (46.9% vs 20.2%; P<.001), respectively. Infections were potentially preventable with the licensed meningococcal vaccine in 82.8% of 15 through 24 year olds, 68.1% of those younger than 15 years, and 76.8% of adults aged 25 years or older. Conclusions Incidence of meningococcal infection in 15 through 24 year olds in Maryland increased and then declined during the 1990s. Infection in this age group was associated with an unusually high case-fatality ratio, and the vast majority of cases were potentially vaccine preventable. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Hyg & Publ Hlth, Dept Int Hlth, Baltimore, MD USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Epidemiol, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Labs Adm, Baltimore, MD USA. Maryland Dept Hlth & Mental Hyg, Epidemiol & Dis Control Program, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Harrison, LH (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Infect Dis Epidemiol Res Unit, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 521 Parran Hall,130 DeSoto St, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. NR 36 TC 89 Z9 89 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 8 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 6 BP 694 EP 699 DI 10.1001/jama.286.6.694 PG 6 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 459VE UT WOS:000170271500025 PM 11495619 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK Edwards, JR Courval, JM Hill, H Tenover, FC Lawton, R Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE AF Fridkin, SK Edwards, JR Courval, JM Hill, H Tenover, FC Lawton, R Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE CA Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resis TI The effect of vancomycin and third-generation cephalosporins on prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in 126 US adult intensive care units SO ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID BLOOD-STREAM INFECTIONS; UNIVERSITY MEDICAL-CENTER; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; STATES HOSPITALS; OUTBREAK; SURVEILLANCE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; SEVERITY; FAECIUM AB Background: Patient-specific risk factors for acquisition of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among hospitalized patients are becoming well defined. However, few studies have reported data on the institutional risk factors, including rates of antimicrobial use, that predict rates of VRE. Identifying modifiable institutional factors can advance quality-improvement efforts to minimize hospital-acquired infections with VRE. Objective: To determine the independent importance of any association between antimicrobial use and risk factors for nosocomial infection on rates of VRE in intensive care units (ICUs). Design: Prospective ecologic study. Setting: 126 adult ICUs from 60 U.S. hospitals from January 1996 through July 1999. Patients: All patients admitted to participating ICUs. Measurements: Monthly use of antimicrobial agents (defined daily doses per 1000 patient-days), nosocomial infection rates, and susceptibilities of all tested enterococci isolated from clinical cultures. Results: Prevalence of VRE (median, 10%; range, 0% to 59%) varied by type of ICU and by teaching status and size of the hospital. Prevalence of VRE was strongly associated with VRE prevalence among inpatient non-ICU areas and outpatient areas in the hospital, ventilator-days per 1000 patient-days, and rate of parenteral vancomycin use. In a weighted linear regression model controlling for type of ICU and rates of VRE among non-ICU inpatient areas rates of vancomycin use (P < 0.001) and third-generation cephalosporin use (P = 0.02) were independently associated with VRE prevalence. Conclusions: Higher rates of vancomycin or third-generation cephalosporin use were associated with increased prevalence of VRE, independent of other ICU characteristics and the endemic VRE prevalence elsewhere in the hospital. Decreasing the use rates of these antimicrobial agents could reduce rates of VRE in ICUs. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Healthcare Qual Promot, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS A-35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 29 TC 159 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER COLL PHYSICIANS PI PHILADELPHIA PA INDEPENDENCE MALL WEST 6TH AND RACE ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-1572 USA SN 0003-4819 J9 ANN INTERN MED JI Ann. Intern. Med. PD AUG 7 PY 2001 VL 135 IS 3 BP 175 EP 183 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 460FX UT WOS:000170298500003 PM 11487484 ER PT J AU Chen, CY Morse, SA AF Chen, CY Morse, SA TI Identification and characterization of a high-affinity zinc uptake system in Neisseria gonorrhoeae SO FEMS MICROBIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE zinc-binding protein; zinc; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; TRANSPORT PROTEIN; BINDING PROTEIN; REGULATOR ZUR; IRON; TRANSFERRIN AB A search of the gonococcal genome database using the known zinc-binding protein (znuA) sequences from Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae identified an open reading frame encoding a putative gonococcal ZnuA. The consensus amino acid sequence of this open reading frame possessed a characteristic 30-amino acid histidine-rich metal-binding motif (repetitive HDH sequence) containing 43% histidine and 37% aspartic acid and glutamic acid. Subsequently, two adjacent open reading frames with homology to E. coli and H. influenzae znuB and znuC were located upstream of znuA. When partially purified from sonicated cell-free supernatants by CM-Sepharose chromatography, the mature gonococcal ZnuA had an estimated molecular mass of 38 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The presence of a DNA sequence encoding a 19-amino acid signal peptide and the solubility of the mature ZnuA suggested that this protein was located in the periplasm. Inactivation of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae F62 znuA by insertional mutagenesis resulted in a mutant that had a growth rate lower than that of the wild-type parent strain and that required high concentrations of ZnCl2 (greater than or equal to 200 uM) for optimal growth. Using a chemically defined agar medium, the gonococcal ZnuA mutant grew only in the presence of Zn2+, whereas Mg2+, Ca2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+ had either no effect or were growth inhibitory. V 2001 Federation of European Microbiological Societies. Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Chen, CY (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop G-39,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 24 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1097 J9 FEMS MICROBIOL LETT JI FEMS Microbiol. Lett. PD AUG 7 PY 2001 VL 202 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1016/S0378-1097(01)00302-0 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 463RW UT WOS:000170491900010 PM 11506909 ER PT J AU Collins, M Demchuck, E Holme, TA AF Collins, M Demchuck, E Holme, TA TI Computation of geometrical and electrostatic parameters for a cluster model of silica. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Milwaukee, WI 53211 USA. NIOSH, CDC, Exposure Assessment Branch, Morgantown, WV USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 207-PHYS BP U209 EP U209 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467EU UT WOS:000170690101138 ER PT J AU Schmidt, GR Yemm, RS Childs, KD O'Callaghan, JP Hossner, KL AF Schmidt, GR Yemm, RS Childs, KD O'Callaghan, JP Hossner, KL TI Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for glial fibrillary acidic protein as an indicator of the presence of brain or spinal cord in meat. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NIOSH, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cincinnati, OH 45202 USA. RI O'Callaghan, James/O-2958-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 40-AGRO BP U59 EP U59 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467ET UT WOS:000170690000198 ER PT J AU Urbansky, ET Reeves, TG Lytle, DA Feld, CM Schock, MR AF Urbansky, ET Reeves, TG Lytle, DA Feld, CM Schock, MR TI Fluoridation chemistry in potable water: Equilibria and kinetics of fluoride and fluoro-complexes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 US EPA, Water Supply & Water Resources Div, Natl Risk Management Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. US PHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Oral Hlth, Bethesda, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 222 MA 109-ENVR BP U436 EP U436 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 467ET UT WOS:000170690002230 ER PT J AU Goodman, RA Stroup, DF Koplan, JP AF Goodman, RA Stroup, DF Koplan, JP TI Who counts in medical school? SO ACADEMIC MEDICINE LA English DT Editorial Material ID EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Financial Management Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Goodman, RA (reprint author), Financial Management Off, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU HANLEY & BELFUS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 210 S 13TH ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19107 USA SN 1040-2446 J9 ACAD MED JI Acad. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 76 IS 8 BP 806 EP 808 DI 10.1097/00001888-200108000-00010 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Health Care Sciences & Services SC Education & Educational Research; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 463CP UT WOS:000170459500009 PM 11500280 ER PT J AU Wolitski, RJ Halkitis, PN Parsons, JT Gomez, CA AF Wolitski, RJ Halkitis, PN Parsons, JT Gomez, CA TI Awareness and use of untested barrier methods by HIV-seropositive gay and bisexual men SO AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE CONDOM USE; FEMALE CONDOM; METHODS WOMEN; ANAL SEX; NONOXYNOL-9; PREVENTION; RISK; METAANALYSIS; MICROBICIDES; SPERMICIDES AB Little is known about HIV-seropositive men's awareness and use of untested barrier methods during anal intercourse. A sample of 240 HIV-seropositive men (69.2% men of color) completed a self-administered survey that included items on nonoxynol-9 (N-9), female condoms, and the simultaneous use of two male condoms (double bagging). Most participants (79.6%) had heard of N-9 being used to prevent HIV transmission during anal intercourse. Of these, 20.0% rated N-9 as more effective than condoms, and 14.6% had used N-9 instead of condoms. Fewer men (35.4%) were aware of female condoms being used during anal intercourse. Overall, few respondents (5.4%) had used female condoms; 53.8% of whom rated the device as more pleasurable than male condoms. Most men (69.6%) had heard of double bagging, and 35.2% had engaged in this practice. Of these, 45.1% rated the practice as less pleasurable than using a single condom. Few associations were observed between participant characteristics and the awareness or use of these barrier methods. The widespread use of these untested methods emphasizes the urgent need to further educate HIV-seropositive men about the potential risks of N-9 use and to test the effectiveness of other strategies that may serve as alternatives to male condom use. C1 CDCP, TB Prevent,STD, Natl Ctr HIV,Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NYU, New York, NY USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, New York, NY 10021 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Wolitski, RJ (reprint author), CDCP, TB Prevent,STD, Natl Ctr HIV,Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Behav Intervent Res Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd,Mail Stop E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Wolitski, Richard/B-2323-2008; OI Parsons, Jeffrey/0000-0002-6875-7566 FU PHS HHS [U62/CCU213605, U62/CCU913557, U62/CCU2133607] NR 37 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU GUILFORD PUBLICATIONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 72 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10012 USA SN 0899-9546 J9 AIDS EDUC PREV JI Aids Educ. Prev. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 13 IS 4 BP 291 EP 301 DI 10.1521/aeap.13.4.291.21430 PG 11 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 471DK UT WOS:000170912200001 PM 11565589 ER PT J AU Hanson, EH Imperatore, G Burke, W AF Hanson, EH Imperatore, G Burke, W TI HFE gene and hereditary hemochromatosis: A HuGE review SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE epidemiology; genetics; hemochromatosis; hereditary diseases; HFE gene; HLA-H gene; iron overload ID PRIMARY-CARE PATIENTS; LONG-TERM SURVIVAL; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; COST-EFFECTIVENESS; IRON OVERLOAD; HLA-H; H63D POLYMORPHISMS; ITALIAN PATIENTS; C282Y MUTATION; POPULATION AB Hereditary hemochromatosis (HHC) is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism characterized by increased iron absorption and deposition in the liver, pancreas, heart, joints, and pituitary gland. Without treatment, death may occur from cirrhosis, primary liver cancer, diabetes, or cardiomyopathy. In 1996, HFE, the gene for HHC, was mapped on the short arm of chromosome 6 (6p21.3). Two of the 37 allelic variants of HFE described to date (C282Y and H63D) are significantly correlated with HHC. Homozygosity for the C282Y mutation was found in 52-100% of previous studies on clinically diagnosed probands. In this review, 5% of HHC probands were found to be compound heterozygotes (C282Y/H63D), and 1.5% were homozygous for the H63D mutation; 3.6% were C282Y heterozygotes, and 5.2% were H63D heterozygotes. In 7% of cases, C282Y and H63D mutations were not present. In the general population, the frequency of the C282Y/C282Y genotype is 0.4%. C282Y heterozygosity ranges from 9.2% in Europeans to nil in Asian, Indian subcontinent, African/Middle Eastern, and Australasian populations. The H63D carrier frequency is 22% in European populations. Accurate data on the penetrance of the different HFE genotypes are not available. Extrapolating from limited clinical observations in screening studies, an estimated 40-70% of persons with the C282Y homozygous genotype will develop clinical evidence of iron overload. A smaller proportion will die from complications of iron overload. To date, population screening for HHC is not recommended because of uncertainties about optimal screening strategies, optimal care for susceptible persons, laboratory standardization, and the potential for stigmatization or discrimination. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Diabet Translat, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med Hist & Eth, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Med, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. USAF, Sch Aerosp Med, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Hanson, EH (reprint author), 51st AMDS,PSC 3,Box 2541, APO, AP 96266 USA. NR 105 TC 241 Z9 259 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 3 BP 193 EP 206 DI 10.1093/aje/154.3.193 PG 14 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 459WX UT WOS:000170275400001 PM 11479183 ER PT J AU Williams, JE Nieto, FJ Sanford, CR Tyroler, HA AF Williams, JE Nieto, FJ Sanford, CR Tyroler, HA TI Effects of an angry temperament on coronary heart disease risk - The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE coronary disease; prospective studies; stress; survival analysis ID ACUTE MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; ARTERY DISEASE; CATECHOLAMINES; ANGER; TRIGGERS; ACTIVATION; HOSTILITY; ISCHEMIA AB The objective of the study was to determine which component of an anger-prone personality more strongly predicts coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Proneness to anger, as assessed by the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale, is composed of two distinct subcomponents-anger-temperament and anger-reaction. Participants were 12,990 middle-aged Black men and women and White men and women from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who were followed for the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction (Ml)/fatal CHID, silent MI, or cardiac revascularization procedures (average = 53 months; maximum = 72 months) through December 31, 1995. Among normotensive persons, a strong, angry temperament (tendency toward quick, minimally provoked, or unprovoked anger) was associated with combined CHID (acute MI/fatal CHID, silent Ml, or cardiac revascularization procedures) (multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio = 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.34, 3.29) and with "hard" events (acute MI/fatal CHD) (multivariate adjusted hazard ratio = 2.28, 95% confidence interval: 1.29, 4.02). CHID event-free survival among normotensives who had a strong, angry temperament was not significantly different from that of hypertensives at either level of anger. These data suggest that a strong, angry temperament rather than anger in reaction to criticism, frustration, or unfair treatment places normotensive, middle-aged persons at increased risk for cardiac events and may confer a CHD risk similar to that of hypertension. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Bloomberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Baltimore, MD USA. N Carolina Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Injury & Violence Prevent Unit, Raleigh, NC USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Williams, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop K-47, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [N01-HC-55022, 5-T32-HL07055, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55018] NR 21 TC 53 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 3 BP 230 EP 235 DI 10.1093/aje/154.3.230 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 459WX UT WOS:000170275400005 PM 11479187 ER PT J AU Hootman, JM Macera, CA Ainsworth, BE Martin, M Addy, CL Blair, SN AF Hootman, JM Macera, CA Ainsworth, BE Martin, M Addy, CL Blair, SN TI Association among physical activity level, cardiorespiratory fitness, and risk of musculoskeletal injury SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE exercise; logistic models; musculoskeletal system; physical fitness; wounds and injuries ID LOWER-EXTREMITY INJURIES; ALL-CAUSE MORTALITY; PUBLIC-HEALTH; EXERCISE; MEN; PATTERNS; RUNNERS; SPORTS; WOMEN; PROTOCOLS AB To help public health practitioners promote physical activities with a low risk of injury, this study determined the relation among type and duration of physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and musculoskeletal injury in a sample of adults enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Subjects included 4,034 men and 967 women who underwent a baseline physical examination between 1970 and 1985 and who returned a mailed follow-up survey in 1986. At baseline, a treadmill graded exercise test was used to measure cardiorespiratory fitness. At follow-up, subjects reported injuries and type and duration of physical activity in the preceding 12 months. Polytomous logistic regression was used to estimate the association among physical activity type and duration, cardiorespiratory fitness, and injury. The risk of sustaining an activity-related injury increased with higher duration of physical activity per week and cardiorespiratory fitness levels. Results suggest that cardiorespiratory fitness may be a surrogate for unmeasured components of physical activity, such as exercise intensity. Among walkers, increasing duration of activity per week was not associated with an increased risk of injury. Results suggest that, for most adults, walking is a safe form of physical activity associated with a lower risk of injury than running or sport participation. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. Middle Tennessee State Univ, Dept Hlth Phys Educ Recreat & Safety, Murfreesboro, TN 37130 USA. Cooper Inst Aerob Res, Dallas, TX USA. RP Hootman, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway Ne,MS K-45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. FU NIA NIH HHS [AG06945] NR 44 TC 90 Z9 92 U1 4 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 3 BP 251 EP 258 DI 10.1093/aje/154.3.251 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 459WX UT WOS:000170275400008 PM 11479190 ER PT J AU Flanders, WD Sun, FZ Yang, QH AF Flanders, WD Sun, FZ Yang, QH TI New estimator of the genotype risk ratio for use in case-parental control studies SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; epidemiologic methods; genetics; genotype; odds ratio ID TRANSMISSION DISEQUILIBRIUM TEST; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; ASSOCIATION; DESIGN; TDT AB Estimation of the genotype risk ratio can be an important part of studying the role of genetics in disease causation. For example, one might estimate risk among persons with genotype DD compared with risk among those with genotype Dd, where the candidate locus has alleles D and d, with D representing the disease susceptibility allele. In this paper, the authors propose a modified method of analysis for case-parental control studies that can improve efficiency. They show how investigators can use information from families in which both parents are observed to improve the estimator created by Sun et al., which applies when only one parent and an affected offspring have been observed. Since this information is not used by the conditional approach of Schaid and Sommer, the authors' approach allows for more complete use of available information, leading to a smaller mean squared error of the genotype risk ratio estimators. The authors also suggest a way to combine estimates from families in which one parent and one offspring are observed and estimates from families in which both parents and one offspring are observed. C1 Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Univ So Calif, Dept Math, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabilities, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Flanders, WD (reprint author), Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, 1518 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RI Sun, Fengzhu /G-4373-2010 FU NIDDK NIH HHS [R29DK53392] NR 12 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0002-9262 J9 AM J EPIDEMIOL JI Am. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 154 IS 3 BP 259 EP 263 DI 10.1093/aje/154.3.259 PG 5 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 459WX UT WOS:000170275400009 PM 11479191 ER PT J AU Luby, S AF Luby, S TI The role of handwashing in improving hygiene and health in low-income countries SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Institut-Pasteur Euroconference on Hygiene and Health CY JAN 25-27, 2001 CL PARIS, FRANCE SP Inst Pasteur ID DIARRHEA; INTERVENTION; BANGLADESH C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. RP Luby, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Foodborne & Diarrheal Dis Branch, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,Mail Stop A-38, Atlanta, GA 30329 USA. NR 5 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU MOSBY, INC PI ST LOUIS PA 11830 WESTLINE INDUSTRIAL DR, ST LOUIS, MO 63146-3318 USA SN 0196-6553 J9 AM J INFECT CONTROL JI Am. J. Infect. Control PD AUG PY 2001 VL 29 IS 4 BP 239 EP 240 DI 10.1067/mic.2001.115678 PG 2 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 465YB UT WOS:000170616600010 PM 11486262 ER PT J AU Morrison, C Lew, E AF Morrison, C Lew, E TI Aspergillosis SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NURSING LA English DT Article ID INVASIVE PULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS; COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR; SYSTEMIC FUNGAL-INFECTIONS; MARROW TRANSPLANTATION; DOUBLE-BLIND; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST; NEUTROPENIC PATIENTS; AMPHOTERICIN-B; PROPHYLAXIS; MANAGEMENT C1 Johns Hopkins Univ Hosp, Ctr Oncol, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Morrison, C (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Nursing, 525 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NR 54 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0002-936X J9 AM J NURS JI Am. J. Nurs. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 101 IS 8 BP 40 EP 48 PG 9 WC Nursing SC Nursing GA 529AA UT WOS:000174276800027 PM 12113010 ER PT J AU Bodnar, LM Scanlon, KS Freedman, DS Siega-Riz, M Cogswell, ME AF Bodnar, LM Scanlon, KS Freedman, DS Siega-Riz, M Cogswell, ME TI High prevalence of postpartum anemia among low-income women in the United States SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE low-income women; postpartum; anemia; hemoglobin; surveillance data ID IRON SUPPLEMENTATION; DELIVERY; PREGNANCY; CONSEQUENCES; DEFICIENCY AB OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of anemia from 4 to 26 weeks post partum and to examine prenatal predictors of postpartum anemia. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort analysis of 59,428 participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children in 12 US states. RESULTS: The prevalence of postpartum anemia was 27%. Anemia rates were higher among minority women, reaching 48% among non-Hispanic black women. Of 9129 women who had normal hemoglobin in the third trimester, 21% had postpartum anemia. Prenatal anemia was the strongest predictor of postpartum anemia (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.5-2.8). Maternal obesity, multiple birth, and not breast-feeding also predicted postpartum anemia. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of post partum anemia among low-income women highlights the importance of anemia screening at 4 to 6 weeks post partum. These data suggest that screening should not be limited, as it is at present, to women considered at high risk. C1 Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Nutr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Univ N Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Maternal & Child Hlth, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Bodnar, LM (reprint author), Carolina Populat Ctr, Suite 202,123 W Franklin St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516 USA. NR 25 TC 39 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU MOSBY-ELSEVIER PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVENUE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0002-9378 J9 AM J OBSTET GYNECOL JI Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 185 IS 2 BP 438 EP 443 DI 10.1067/mob.2001.115996 PG 6 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 465XL UT WOS:000170615200047 PM 11518906 ER PT J AU Shapiro, JA Seeff, LC Nadel, MR AF Shapiro, JA Seeff, LC Nadel, MR TI Colorectal cancer-screening tests and associated health behaviors SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE colorectal neoplasms; mass screening; occult blood; sigmoidoscopy ID FECAL-OCCULT-BLOOD; INTERVIEW SURVEY; OLDER WOMEN; MORTALITY; SIGMOIDOSCOPY; MAMMOGRAPHY; PHYSICIANS; PREDICTORS; AUDIT AB Background: Studies have shown that screening reduces colorectal cancer mortality. We analyzed national survey data to determine rates of use of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) and sigmoidoscopy, and to determine if these rates differ by demographic factors and other health behaviors. Methods: A total of 52,754 respondents aged greater than or equal to 50 years were questioned in the 1997 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) survey (a random-digit-dialing telephone survey of the non-institutionalized U.S. population) about their use of FOBT and sigmoidoscopy. Results: The age-adjusted proportion of respondents who reported having had a, colorectal cancer screening test during the recommended time interval (past year for FOBT and past 5 years for sigmoidoscopy) was 19.8% for FOBT, 30.5% for sigmoidoscopy, and 41.1 % for either FOBT or sigmoidoscopy. Rates of use of colorectal cancer screening tests were higher for those who had other screening tests (mammography, Papanicolaou smear, and cholesterol check). There were also differences in rates of use of colorectal cancer screening tests: according to other health behaviors (smoking, seat belt rise, fruit and vegetable intake, and physical activity) and several demographic factors. However, none of the subgroups that we examined reported a rate of FOBT use above 20% within the past year or rate of sigmoidoscopy use above 41% within the past 5 years. Conclusion: While rates of use of FOBT and sigmoidoscopy were higher among people who practiced other healthy behaviors, rates of use were still quite low in all subgroups. There is a need for increased awareness of the importance of colorectal cancer screening. (C) 2001 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, DCPC, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Shapiro, JA (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCCDPHP, DCPC, Mailstop K-55,4770 Buford Hwy NE, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 28 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 132 EP 137 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00329-4 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 455FE UT WOS:000170016200008 PM 11457633 ER PT J AU Ryan, H Wortley, PM Easton, A Pederson, L Greenwood, G AF Ryan, H Wortley, PM Easton, A Pederson, L Greenwood, G TI Smoking among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals - A review of the literature SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE bisexuality; homosexuality, female; homosexuality, male; prevalence; review literature; smoking; tobacco ID SEXUAL ORIENTATION; RISK-FACTORS; HEALTH-CARE; SAMPLE; MEN; ADOLESCENTS; PREVALENCE; BEHAVIOR; SUICIDE; YOUTH AB Objectives: To collect estimates of smoking prevalence among lesbian, gay, and bisexual people from the published literature and to compare with general population estimates. Methods: Databases were searched for all studies published in English on tobacco, use among lesbians, gays, and bisexuals. From 1987 through 2000, twelve studies were identified (four youth, eight adult): seven were based on convenience samples; one on a population-based probability sample; one involved random sampling within selected census tracts; one was based on a large multicenter clinical trial; and two were representative school-based samples. Study findings were compared to national survey data from the corresponding time period. Results: Estimated smoking rates for lesbians, gays, and bisexuals ranged from 38% to 59% among youth and from 11% to 50% among adults. National smoking rates during comparable periods ranged from 28% to 35% for adolescents and were approximately 28% for adults. Conclusions: While information in the published literature is limited, it appears that smoking rates are higher among adolescent and adult lesbians, gays, and bisexuals than in the general population. Steps should be taken to ensure representation of lesbians, gays, and bisexuals in tobacco-use surveillance and to collect data in order to understand the apparent high smoking rates in these groups. Attempts should be made to target prevention and cessation interventions to lesbians, gays, and bisexuals. (C) 2001 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Of Smoking & Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Calif San Francisco, Ctr AIDS Prevent Studies, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA. RP Ryan, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Of Smoking & Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,MS-K50, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 41 TC 112 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0749-3797 J9 AM J PREV MED JI Am. J. Prev. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 21 IS 2 BP 142 EP 149 DI 10.1016/S0749-3797(01)00331-2 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Medicine, General & Internal SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; General & Internal Medicine GA 455FE UT WOS:000170016200010 PM 11457635 ER PT J AU Pamuk, ER AF Pamuk, ER TI Cautiously adjusting to the new millennium. Changing to the 2000 population standard SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. RP Pamuk, ER (reprint author), POB 1655, Eastsound, WA 98245 USA. NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2001 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1174 EP 1176 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.8.1174 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461BT UT WOS:000170345600008 PM 11499094 ER PT J AU Wolfe, MI Xu, FJ Patel, P O'Cain, M Schillinger, JA St Louis, ME Finelli, L AF Wolfe, MI Xu, FJ Patel, P O'Cain, M Schillinger, JA St Louis, ME Finelli, L TI An outbreak of syphilis in Alabama prisons: Correctional health policy and communicable disease control SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASES; UNITED-STATES; PARTNER NOTIFICATION; HEPATITIS-B; PREVENTION; OPPORTUNITIES; EPIDEMIOLOGY; PREVALENCE; JAILS AB Objectives. After syphilis outbreaks were reported at 3 Alabama State men's prisons in early 1999, we conducted an investigation to evaluate risk factors for syphilis infection and describe patterns of syphilis transmission. Methods. We reviewed medical, patient interview, and prison transfer records and documented sexual networks. Presumptive source cases were identified. Odds of exposure to unscreened jail populations and transfer from other prisons were calculated for case patients at 1 prison. Results, Thirty-nine case patients with early syphilis were identified from 3 prisons. Recent jail exposure (odds ratio [OR] = 8.0, 95% confidence interval [Cl] = 0.3, 158.7, P=.14) and prison transfer (OR = 32.0, 95% CI = 1.6, 1668.1, P<.01) were associated with being a source case patient. Conclusions, Probable sources of syphilis introduction into and transmission within prisons included mixing of prisoners with unscreened jail populations, transfer of infected inmates between prisons, and multiple concurrent sexual partnerships. Reducing sexual transmission of disease in correctional settings is a public health priority and will require innovative prevention strategies. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Med Examiner Program, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Program Dev & Support Branch, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Alabama Dept Publ Hlth, Montgomery, AL 36102 USA. RP Wolfe, MI (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Mailstop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 36 TC 36 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2001 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1220 EP 1225 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.8.1220 PG 6 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461BT UT WOS:000170345600021 PM 11499107 ER PT J AU Mertz, KJ Ransom, RL St Louis, ME Groseclose, SL Hadgu, A Levine, WC Hayman, C AF Mertz, KJ Ransom, RL St Louis, ME Groseclose, SL Hadgu, A Levine, WC Hayman, C TI Prevalence of genital chlamydial infection in young women entering a national job training program, 1990-1997 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article ID SEXUAL TRANSMISSION; HIV-INFECTION AB Objectives. This analysis describes trends in the prevalence of genital chlamydial infection in economically disadvantaged young women entering a national job training program. Methods. We examined chlamydia test data for May 1990 through June 1997 for women aged 16 to 24 years who enrolled in the program. The significance of trends was evaluated with the X (2) test for trend. Results. Prevalence of chlamydial infection declined 32.9%, from 14.9% in 1990 to 10.0% in 1997 (P<.001). Prevalence decreased significantly in all age groups, racial/ethnic groups, and geographic regions. Conclusions. The decrease in prevalence of chlamydial infection suggests that prevention activities have reached disadvantaged women across the United States; however, prevalence of chlamydial infection remains high, and enhanced prevention efforts in disadvantaged communities are urgently needed. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. US Dept Labor, Employment & Training Adm, Washington, DC 20210 USA. RP Levine, WC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mail Stop E-02,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 23 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2001 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1287 EP 1290 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.8.1287 PG 4 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461BT UT WOS:000170345600034 PM 11499120 ER PT J AU Lansky, A Jones, JL Frey, RL Lindegren, ML AF Lansky, A Jones, JL Frey, RL Lindegren, ML TI Trends in HIV testing among pregnant women: United States, 1994-1999 SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH LA English DT Article AB Objectives. This study evaluated 1995 guidelines for HIV testing of pregnant women. Methods. Analysis focused on Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for the years 1994 through 1999. Data were aggregated across states. Results. Percentages of pregnant women tested for HIV increased from 1995 to 1996 (from 41% to 53%) and again from 1997 (52%) to 1998 (60%). Conclusions, After implementation of the guidelines, the percentage of pregnant women tested for HIV increased, although nearly half had not been tested. More efforts are needed to encourage women to undergo testing for HIV during pregnancy, thus maximizing opportunities for offering antiretroviral therapy. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Lansky, A (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Mailstop E-47,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PUBLIC HEALTH ASSOC INC PI WASHINGTON PA 1015 FIFTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0090-0036 J9 AM J PUBLIC HEALTH JI Am. J. Public Health PD AUG PY 2001 VL 91 IS 8 BP 1291 EP 1293 DI 10.2105/AJPH.91.8.1291 PG 3 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 461BT UT WOS:000170345600035 PM 11499121 ER PT J AU Udhayakumar, V Kariuki, S Kolczack, M Girma, M Roberts, JM Oloo, AJ Nahlen, BL Lal, AA AF Udhayakumar, V Kariuki, S Kolczack, M Girma, M Roberts, JM Oloo, AJ Nahlen, BL Lal, AA TI Longitudinal study of natural immune responses to the Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen (AMA-1) in a holoendemic region of malaria in western Kenya: Asembo Bay cohort project VIII SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID MEROZOITE SURFACE-ANTIGEN; B-CELL EPITOPES; ANTIBODY-RESPONSES; T-CELL; PROTEIN; KNOWLESI; TRANSMISSION; AREA; IDENTIFICATION; EPIDEMIOLOGY AB We investigated the development and maintenance of proliferative and antibody responses to apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) epitopes in a holoendemic area of western Kenya. Young children (< 10 years), older children (10-17 years), and adults ( greater than or equal to 18 years) were followed longitudinally for antibody and T-cell responses at 3 time points with an interval of 3-4 months. The proliferative responses against the AMA-I T epitopes (PL171, PL172, PL173, PL186, PL191, and PL192) were not stable during follow-up; however, response to mycobacterial antigen PPD was highly stable. The responder frequencies were similar in all 3 time points except for epitope PL192. The younger and older children responded more frequently to T-cell epitopes, but the differences were not significant. A positive proliferative response to PL191 was associated with a significantly lower risk of parasitemia at subsequent follow-up (relative risk, 0.5; P = 0.03). The presence of antibody response to B epitopes PL169, PL170, PL173, PL187, and PL192 in one time point was associated with a subsequent response (P = 0.0001-0.008) suggesting a stable response. Younger (P = 0.046) and older children (P = 0.017) more frequently responded to epitope PL169 than did adults, and adults responded more frequently to PL187 than did younger children (P = 0.009). Responses to AMA-1 T-cell epitopes were short lived, and antibody responses were relatively stable. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Vector Biol & Control Res Ctr, Kisumu, Kenya. RP Udhayakumar, V (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mail Stop F-12,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. NR 23 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 100 EP 107 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 461ML UT WOS:000170368000005 PM 11508382 ER PT J AU Guarner, J Bartlett, J Zaki, SR Colley, DG Grijalva, MJ Powell, MR AF Guarner, J Bartlett, J Zaki, SR Colley, DG Grijalva, MJ Powell, MR TI Mouse model for Chagas disease: Immunohistochemical distribution of different stages of Trypanosoma cruzi in tissues throughout infection SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; PARASITE PERSISTENCE; CARDIAC TISSUE; MYOCARDITIS; MICE; STRAINS; DNA; CARDIOMYOPATHY; AMPLIFICATION; ANTIGENS AB Different stages of Trypanosoma cruzi are seen during mammalian infection. Histologic sections of infected hearts have shown amastigotes and, when using immunohistochemistry (IHC), parasite antigens; however, demonstration of trypomastigotes in these tissues has proven elusive. Using a mouse strain that develops chagasic cardiomyopathy (histologically similar to human infection) 70 days after injecting T. cruzi-Brazil strain, we studied the distribution of parasite stages and the extent of inflammation. All organs had varying amounts of mononuclear inflammation by day 10, which peaked between day 20 and day 30, and decreased by day 50. Amastigotes were detected in myocytes, histiocytes, acinar pancreatic cells, astrocytes and ependymal cells by day 10, and the number of amastigotes peaked on day 30. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated trypomastigotes in sinusoids, vessels and interstitial tissues of several organs between day 15 and 50. Abundant parasite antigens (granular staining) were detected in connective tissues throughout the infection. The burden of amastigotes and trypomastigotes during the acute phase seems to correlate with the degree of inflammation and granular staining in the chronic stage. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RP Colley, DG (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F22,4770 Buford Highway, Chamblee, GA 30341 USA. RI Guarner, Jeannette/B-8273-2013; OI Grijalva, Mario/0000-0003-1964-1425 NR 24 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC TROP MED & HYGIENE PI MCLEAN PA 8000 WESTPARK DR, STE 130, MCLEAN, VA 22101 USA SN 0002-9637 J9 AM J TROP MED HYG JI Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 65 IS 2 BP 152 EP 158 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Tropical Medicine GA 461ML UT WOS:000170368000015 PM 11508392 ER PT J AU Satten, GA Datta, S AF Satten, GA Datta, S TI The Kaplan-Meier estimator as an inverse-probability-of-censoring weighted average SO AMERICAN STATISTICIAN LA English DT Article DE Horvitz-Thompson estimator; product-limit estimator; survival analysis ID TRUNCATED DATA AB The Kaplan-Meier (product-limit) estimator of the survival function of randomly censored time-to-event data is a central quantity in survival analysis. It is usually introduced as a nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator, or else as the output of an imputation scheme for censored observations such as redistribute-to-the-right or self-consistency. Following recent work by Robins and Rotnitzky, we show that the Kaplan-Meier estimator can also be represented as a weighted average of identically distributed terms, where the weights are related to the survival function of censoring times. We give two demonstrations of this representation; the first assumes a Kaplan-Meier form for the censoring time survival function, the second estimates the survival functions of failure and censoring times simultaneously and can be developed without prior introduction to the Kaplan-Meier estimator. C1 CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Stat, Athens, GA 30602 USA. RP Satten, GA (reprint author), CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 14 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0003-1305 J9 AM STAT JI Am. Stat. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 55 IS 3 BP 207 EP 210 DI 10.1198/000313001317098185 PG 4 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 460GF UT WOS:000170299300007 ER PT J AU Wang, J Lewis, DM Castranova, V Frazer, DG Goldsmith, T Tomblyn, S Simpson, J Stone, S Afshari, A Siegel, PD AF Wang, J Lewis, DM Castranova, V Frazer, DG Goldsmith, T Tomblyn, S Simpson, J Stone, S Afshari, A Siegel, PD TI Characterization of asphalt fume composition under simulated road paving conditions by GC/MS and microflow LC/quadrupole time-of-flight MS SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS AB A highly sensitive, selective, and reliable analytical method has been developed and validated for characterization of asphalt fume generated under simulated road paving conditions. A dynamic asphalt fume generation system was modified to provide consistent test atmospheres at simulated asphalt road paving conditions. In the process of fame generation, asphalt was initially preheated in an oven to 170 degreesC, pumped to a large kettle, which maintained the asphalt temperature between 150 and 170 degreesC, and then transferred to the generator. The fume was conducted from the generator to an exposure chamber through a heated transfer line. Characterization of the asphalt fume test atmospheres included the following: (1) determination of the consistency of the asphalt aerosol composition within the generation system; (2) quantification of total organic matter of the asphalt fume by electron impact ionization of isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry); and (3) identification of individual priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in asphalt fume by selected ion monitoring. With the developed method, asphalt fumes could be characterized into three fractions: (1) filter collection of a large molecular size fraction over a range of mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios of 173-309; (2) XAD-2 trapping of a medium molecular size fraction over a range of m/z ratios of 121-197; and (3) charcoal trapping of a small molecular size fraction that contained mainly the volatile vapor fraction over a range of m/z ratios of 57-141. Total organic matter of the asphalt fume was quantified over the 5 exposure days. Sixteen specific priority PAHs were monitored and identified. These PAHs were determined at trace levels on the filter fraction. A novel approach, which utilizes collision-induced dissociation of fragmentation pathway leading to a characteristic fragmentation pattern by coupling microflow liquid chromatography to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was used to fut-ther clarify the trace amount of key components present in simulated road paving asphalt fumes. These results demonstrate that asphalt fume composition could be characterized and specific priority PAHs could be identified by this method. The major advantages of this method are its highly sensitivity, selectivity, and reliability for chemical hazard characterization in a complex mixture. This method is suitable for support toxicity studies using simulated occupational exposure to asphalt fumes. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. RP Wang, J (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NIOSH, US Dept Hlth & Human Serv, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 17 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 73 IS 15 BP 3691 EP 3700 DI 10.1021/ac010334m PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 459WL UT WOS:000170274400033 PM 11510836 ER PT J AU Page, EH AF Page, EH TI Prevalence of latex allergy SO ANNALS OF ALLERGY ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. RP Page, EH (reprint author), NIOSH, Hazard Evaluat & Tech Assistance Branch, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER COLL ALLERGY ASTHMA IMMUNOLOGY PI ARLINGTON HTS PA 85 WEST ALGONQUIN RD SUITE 550, ARLINGTON HTS, IL 60005 USA SN 1081-1206 J9 ANN ALLERG ASTHMA IM JI Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 87 IS 2 BP 164 EP 164 PG 1 WC Allergy; Immunology SC Allergy; Immunology GA 466NC UT WOS:000170650800016 PM 11527252 ER PT J AU Wamae, CN Mwanza, J Makama, S AF Wamae, CN Mwanza, J Makama, S TI Palmar pallor as an indicator for anthelminthic treatment among ill children aged 2-4 years - Western Kenya, 1998 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 49, pg 278-281, 2000) SO ARCHIVES OF DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Reprint ID PRESCHOOL-CHILDREN; NUTRITIONAL-STATUS; INFECTIONS; SCHOOLCHILDREN; HELMINTH; ASCARIS C1 Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. Minist Hlth, Nairobi, Kenya. NCID, Int Child Survival & Emerging Infect Program, Support Act & Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Wamae, CN (reprint author), Kenya Govt Med Res Ctr, Nairobi, Kenya. RI Gough, Ethan/B-8633-2012 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0003-987X J9 ARCH DERMATOL JI Arch. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 137 IS 8 BP 1118 EP 1119 PG 2 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 461MD UT WOS:000170367300038 ER PT J AU Deuson, RR Brodovicz, KG Barker, L Zhou, FJ Euler, GL AF Deuson, RR Brodovicz, KG Barker, L Zhou, FJ Euler, GL TI Economic analysis of a child vaccination project among Asian Americans in Philadelphia, Pa SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID B VIRUS-INFECTION; HEPATITIS-B; UNITED-STATES; INTERVENTIONS; TRANSMISSION; PREVENTION AB Objective: To ascertain the cost-effectiveness and the benefit-cost ratios of a community-based hepatitis B vaccination catch-up project for Asian American children conducted in Philadelphia, Pa, from October 1, 1994, to February 11, 1996. Design: Program evaluation. Setting: South and southwest districts of Philadelphia Participants: A total of 4384 Asian American children. Interventions: Staff in the community-based organizations (1) educated parents about the hepatitis B vaccination, (2) enrolled physicians in the Vaccines for Children program, and (3) visited homes of children due for a vaccine dose. Staff in the Philadelphia Department of Public Health developed a computerized database; sent reminder letters for children due for a vaccine dose; and offered vaccinations in public clinics, health fairs, and homes. Main Outcome Measures: The numbers of children having received 1, 2, or 3 doses of vaccine before and after the interventions; costs incurred by the Philadelphia Department of Public Health and the community-based organizations for design, education, and outreach activities; the cost of the vaccination; cost-effectiveness ratios for intermediate outcomes (ie, per child, per dose, per immunoequivalent patient, and per completed series); discounted cost per discounted year of life saved; and the benefit-cost ratio of the project. Results: For the completed series of 3 doses, coverage increased by 12 percentage points at a total cost of $268660 for design, education, outreach, and vaccination. Costs per child, per dose, and per completed series were $64, $119, and $537, respectively. The discounted cost per discounted year of life saved was $11525, and 106 years of life were saved through this intervention. The benefit-cost ratio was 4.44:1. Conclusion: Although the increase in coverage was modest, the intervention proved cost-effective and cost-beneficial. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept HHS, Atlanta, GA USA. Philadelphia Dept Publ Hlth, Philadelphia, PA USA. RP Deuson, RR (reprint author), Merck & Co Inc, 1 Merck Dr,POB 100,Mail Stop WS1B-72, Whitehouse Stn, NJ 08889 USA. NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 155 IS 8 BP 909 EP 914 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 459EB UT WOS:000170237100008 PM 11483118 ER PT J AU Clark, SJ Cabana, MD Malik, T Yusuf, H Freed, GL AF Clark, SJ Cabana, MD Malik, T Yusuf, H Freed, GL TI Hepatitis B vaccination practices in hospital newborn nurseries before and after changes in vaccination recommendations SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID IMMUNIZATION AB Background: Routine use of hepatitis B vaccine for low-risk newborns was suspended on July 7, 1999, because of concern about the potential risk of thimerosal, a mercury-containing vaccine preservative. Reinstatement of the birth dose was recommended when a thimerosal-free vaccine became available. Objective: To explore changes in hepatitis B vaccination practices for newborns related to the revised recommendations for low-risk infants (in this study, the terms newborn and infant are used interchangeably). Design: A telephone survey of a random sample of 1000 US hospitals. Participants: Nurse managers, nursery directors, and staff nurses of the newborn nurseries. Main Outcome Measures: Nursery vaccination practices before and after July 7, 1999, and the availability and use of thimerosal-free vaccine. Results: Interviews were conducted with 773 (87%) of 886 eligible hospitals. Before July 7,1999, 78% of the hospitals reported vaccination practices that were consistent with recommendations at that time, although only 47% vaccinated all low-risk infants at birth. After July 7, 1999, almost all hospitals discontinued vaccination of low-risk infants, in accordance with the recommendation change; however, there was a 6-fold increase in the number of hospitals that were not vaccinating all high-risk infants. After the introduction of thimerosal-free vaccine, only 39% of the hospitals reported vaccinating all low-risk infants. Conclusions: Most hospital nurseries altered their newborn hepatitis B vaccination practices consistent with changes in national recommendations. However, unintended consequences included the failure of some hospitals to continue vaccinating all high-risk infants and the delay in reintroducing vaccination for low-risk newborns after the introduction of a thimerosal-free vaccine. Assessments of the appropriateness of this country's response to the threat of thimerosal in vaccines should consider these findings. C1 Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Clark, SJ (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Div Gen Pediat, Child Hlth Evaluat & Res Unit, 300 N Ingalls Bldg,Room NI6E06, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NR 9 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 155 IS 8 BP 915 EP 920 PG 6 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 459EB UT WOS:000170237100009 PM 11483119 ER PT J AU Patrick, K Sallis, JF Prochaska, JJ Lydston, DD Calfas, KJ Zabinski, MF Wilfley, DE Saelens, BE Brown, DR AF Patrick, K Sallis, JF Prochaska, JJ Lydston, DD Calfas, KJ Zabinski, MF Wilfley, DE Saelens, BE Brown, DR TI A multicomponent program for nutrition and physical activity change in primary care - PACE+ for adolescents SO ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS & ADOLESCENT MEDICINE LA English DT Article ID PROJECT PACE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; BEHAVIOR; SETTINGS; CHILDREN; HEALTH AB Background: Most adolescents do not meet national recommendations for nutrition and physical activity. However, no studies of physical activity and nutrition interventions for adolescents conducted in health care settings have been published. The present study was an initial evaluation of the PACE+ (Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise plus Nutrition) program, delivered in primary care settings. Participants: Adolescents aged 11 to 18 years (N = 117) were recruited from 4 pediatric and adolescent medicine outpatient clinics. Participants' mean (SD) age was 14.1 (2.0) years, 37% were girls, and 43% were ethnic minorities. Intervention: Behavioral targets were moderate physical activity, vigorous physical activity, fat intake, and fruit and vegetable intake. All patients completed a computerized assessment, created tailored action plans to change behavior, and discussed the plans with their health care provider. Patients were then randomly assigned to receive no further contact or 1 of 3 extended interventions: mail only, infrequent telephone and mail, or frequent telephone and mail. Measures: Brief, validated, self-report measures of target behaviors were collected at baseline and 4 months later. Results: All outcomes except vigorous physical activity improved over time, but adolescents who received the extended interventions did not have better 4-month outcomes than those who received only the computer and provider counseling components. Adolescents who targeted a behavior tended to improve more than those who did not target the behavior, except for those who targeted vigorous physical activity. Conclusions: A primary care-based interactive health communication intervention to improve physical activity and dietary behaviors among adolescents is feasible. Controlled experimental research is needed to determine whether this intervention is efficacious in changing behaviors in the short- and long-term. C1 San Diego State Univ, PACE Project, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Student Hlth Serv, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Dept Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. San Diego State Univ, Unic Calif, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program Clin Psychol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Nutr & Phys Act, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Patrick, K (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, PACE Project, Grad Sch Publ Hlth, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NR 32 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 1072-4710 J9 ARCH PEDIAT ADOL MED JI Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 155 IS 8 BP 940 EP 946 PG 7 WC Pediatrics SC Pediatrics GA 459EB UT WOS:000170237100013 PM 11483123 ER PT J AU Riviere, JE Qiao, GL Baynes, RE Brooks, JD Mumtaz, M AF Riviere, JE Qiao, GL Baynes, RE Brooks, JD Mumtaz, M TI Mixture component effects on the in vitro dermal absorption of pentachlorophenol SO ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE polychlorinated biphenyl; pentachlorophenol; dermal; absorption; mixtures ID PERFUSED PORCINE SKIN; DEFINED CHEMICAL-MIXTURES; TOPICALLY EXPOSED CHEMICALS; PERCUTANEOUS-ABSORPTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; CUTANEOUS DISPOSITION; INVITRO MODEL; RHESUS-MONKEY; IN-VIVO; FLAP AB Interactions between chemicals in a mixture and interactions of mixture components with the skin can significantly alter the rate and extent of percutaneous absorption, as well as the cutaneous disposition of a topically applied chemical. The predictive ability of dermal absorption models, and consequently the dermal risk assessment process, would be greatly improved by the elucidation and characterization of these interactions. Pentachlorophenol (PCP), a compound known to penetrate the skin readily, was used as a marker compound to examine mixture component effects using in vitro porcine skin models. PCP was administered in ethanol or in a 40% ethanol/60% water mixture or a 40% ethanol/60% water mixture containing either the rubefacient methyl nicotinate (MNA) or the surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), or both MNA and SLS. Experiments were also conducted with C-14-labelled 3,3 ' ,4,4 ' -tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) and 3,3 ' ,4,4 ' ,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB). Maximal PCP absorption was 14.12% of the applied dose from the mixture containing SLS, MNA, ethanol and water. However, when PCP was administered in ethanol only, absorption was only 1.12% of the applied dose. There were also qualitative differences among the absorption profiles for the different PCP mixtures. In contrast with the PCP results, absorption of TCB or PCB was negligible in perfused porcine skin, with only 0.14% of the applied TCB dose and 0.05% of the applied PCB dose being maximally absorbed. The low absorption levels for the PCB congeners precluded the identification of mixture component effects. These results suggest that dermal absorption estimates from a single chemical exposure may not reflect absorption seen after exposure as a chemical mixture and that absorption of both TCB and PCB are minimal in this model system. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Cutaneous Toxicol & Residue Pharmacol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. ATSDR, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Riviere, JE (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Cutaneous Toxicol & Residue Pharmacol, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RI Riviere, Jim/A-9210-2008 OI Riviere, Jim/0000-0001-8412-9650 NR 24 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-5761 J9 ARCH TOXICOL JI Arch. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 75 IS 6 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s002040100242 PG 6 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 465UM UT WOS:000170608400003 PM 11570690 ER PT J AU Dowdle, WR AF Dowdle, WR TI Polio eradication: Turning the dream into reality - The cooperative spirit that now brings disease eradication within reach is needed for effective containment of virus remaining in labs SO ASM NEWS LA English DT Article C1 CDC, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0044-7897 J9 ASM NEWS JI ASM News PD AUG PY 2001 VL 67 IS 8 BP 397 EP 402 PG 6 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 462FK UT WOS:000170409900011 ER PT J AU Sambhara, S Kurichh, A Miranda, R Tumpey, T Rowe, T Renshaw, M Arpino, R Tamane, A Kandil, A James, O Underdown, B Klein, M Katz, J Burt, D AF Sambhara, S Kurichh, A Miranda, R Tumpey, T Rowe, T Renshaw, M Arpino, R Tamane, A Kandil, A James, O Underdown, B Klein, M Katz, J Burt, D TI Heterosubtypic immunity against human influenza A viruses, including recently emerged avian H5 and H9 viruses, induced by FLU-ISCOM vaccine in mice requires both cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and macrophage function SO CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTIGENIC DRIFT; HONG-KONG; A VIRUSES; RESPONSES; ANTIBODY; PERFORIN; IMMUNIZATION; PERSPECTIVE; PROTECTION; INFECTION AB Induction of heterosubtypic immunity to influenza viral antigens is of paramount importance to the prevention of epidemics and potential pandemics. The 1997 incidence of avian influenza infections in humans in Hong Kong heightened the need for pandemic preparedness and a search for vaccines and vaccine delivery systems that can confer broad protection. In this report, we demonstrate that the delivery of H1N1 subtype influenza viral antigens as immunostimulating complexes (ISCOM) induces broad cross-protection in mice against challenge with various influenza virus subtypes, including the avian H9 and the H5 strains that were recently responsible for deaths in humans. The ISCOM delivery system induced high and long-lived serum antiviral antibodies and class I-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL). Studies with perforin, IFN-gamma, and mu -chain gene knock-out mice demonstrated that the heterosubtypic protection required cross-reactive, functional cytotoxic T cells and nonhemagglutination inhibiting serum antibodies. Interferon-gamma, a major player in viral clearance by nonlytic mechanisms, did not appear to play a role in heterosubtypic immunity. Nonformulated H1N1 influenza antigens failed to induce significant CTL or long-lasting antibody responses or to protect mice against challenge with heterosubtypic viruses. Furthermore, while influenza virus infection induced a dominant nucleoprotein (NP)-specific CTL response in H2 mice, the ISCOM delivery system induced a dominant hemagglutinin-specific CTL response. Moreover, non-neutralizing but cross-reactive antibodies played a role in reducing viral titers by macrophages. These results suggest that exogenous delivery of influenza antigens as ISCOM can influence their antigen processing and presentation, their ability to induce/recall CTL specificties, and their capacity to mediate broad cross-protection against influenza virus variants. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, DVRD, NCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Aventis Pasteur Canada Ltd, Toronto, ON M2R 3T4, Canada. RP Sambhara, S (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Influenza Branch, DVRD, NCID, Mail Stop G-16, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 35 TC 88 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0008-8749 J9 CELL IMMUNOL JI Cell. Immunol. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 211 IS 2 BP 143 EP 153 DI 10.1006/cimm.2001.1835 PG 11 WC Cell Biology; Immunology SC Cell Biology; Immunology GA 486ET UT WOS:000171806000007 PM 11591118 ER PT J AU Jason, J Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Bell, M Buchanan, I Larned, J Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Parekh, B Byrd, MG Eick, A Han, A Jarvis, WR AF Jason, J Archibald, LK Nwanyanwu, OC Bell, M Buchanan, I Larned, J Kazembe, PN Dobbie, H Parekh, B Byrd, MG Eick, A Han, A Jarvis, WR TI Cytokines and malaria parasitemia SO CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE malaria; HIV; cytokines; IL-6; IL-8; IL-10 ID PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM MALARIA; HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; ELEVATED SERUM LEVELS; INTERLEUKIN-10 IL-10; DOWN-REGULATION; IFN-GAMMA; T-CELLS; IMMUNITY; ERYTHROCYTES; INFECTION AB The balance between pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines may be important in malaria presentation and outcome. Malaria tends to be more severe in children than in adults, presumably because partial immunity develops with age. However, the fall nature of, and age-related differences in, anti-malarial immunity are unknown. We compared: (1) serum and cell-specific cytokines of patients with acute malaria to those of patients with other acute illnesses and to those of healthy adults and (2) the cytokine responses of parasitemic children and parasitemic adults. Flow cytometry was done on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 148 hospitalized children, 161 febrile hospitalized adults, and 20 healthy adults in Malawi, Africa, a malaria-endemic country. Serum cytokines were also assessed for 80 of these patients. Thirty-eight participants were parasitemic with Plasmodium falciparum. Serum interleukin (IL)-10 (an antiinflammatory, immunoregulatory, and type 2 cytokine) levels were higher in malaria patients than in other patients (medians 502 pg/mL vs 16 pg/mL, P = 0.002), and the percentages of various lymphocyte populations making IL-6 (a proinflammatory, type 2 cytokine regulating iron distribution) were lower in malaria patients than in other patients (e.g., for spontaneous production by children's CD8(+) T cells: medians 1.4% vs 33.1%, P = 0.004). For adult patients, the percentages of lymphocytes spontaneously making IL-4 (a type 2 cytokine) were significantly lower in those with malaria than in those without malaria (medians 0.9% vs 2.1%, P = 0.005). The percentages of monocytes spontaneously making IL-8 (a chemotactic, proinflammatory chemokine) were higher in parasitemic children than in parsitemic adults (medians 5.8% vs 1.7%, P = 0.003). A number of cellular proinflammatory, type 1 parameters were significantly higher in all children (with or without malaria) than in all adults; these included the percentages of various lymphocyte populations making IL-6, both IL-6 and interferon-gamma, or IL-8. These data support the importance of IL-10 in malaria parasitemia. Given the lack of an IL-4 (type 2) response, IL-10's primary role may be immunoregulatory rather than type 2 in nature. In this study, the immune response to malaria was more proinflammatory in children than in adults. This difference, if corroborated by other studies, could be related to malaria's greater severity in children. (C) 2001 Academic Press. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Invest & Prevent Branch, Hosp Infect Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. CDCP, Off Global Hlth, US DHHS, US PHS, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Lilongwe Cent Hosp, Minist Hlth & Populat, Lilongwe, Malawi. Minist Hlth & Populat, Community Hlth Sci Unit, Lilongwe, Malawi. RP Jason, J (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, HIV Immunol & Diagnost Branch, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1521-6616 J9 CLIN IMMUNOL JI Clin. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 100 IS 2 BP 208 EP 218 DI 10.1006/clim.2001.5057 PG 11 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 460JQ UT WOS:000170304800011 PM 11465950 ER PT J AU Fridkin, SK Edwards, JR Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE AF Fridkin, SK Edwards, JR Tenover, FC Gaynes, RP McGowan, JE CA ICARE Project NNIS Syst Hosp TI Antimicrobial resistance prevalence rates in hospital antibiograms reflect prevalence rates among pathogens associated with hospital-acquired infections SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS; STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS; SURVEILLANCE; CHILDREN; RISK AB To determine whether routine antibiograms (summaries reporting resistance of all tested isolates) reflect resistance rates among pathogens associated with hospital-acquired infections, we compared data collected from 2 different surveillance components in the same 166 intensive care units (ICUs). ICUs reported data during the same months to both the infection-based surveillance and the laboratory-based surveillance. Paired comparisons of the percentage of isolates resistant were made between systems within each ICU. No significant differences existed (P>.05) between the percentage of isolates resistant from the infection-based system and laboratory-based system for all antimicrobial-resistant organisms studied, except methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus species. The mean difference in percentage resistance was higher from the infection-based system than the laboratory-based system for S. aureus (mean difference, +8%, P<.001) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (mean difference, +9%,). Overall, hospital antibiograms reflected susceptibility patterns among isolates associated with hospital-acquired infections. Hospital antibiograms may underestimate the relative frequency of methicillin resistance among Staphylococcus species when associated with hospital-acquired infections. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Dept Epidemiol, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. RP Fridkin, SK (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Hosp Infect Program, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, MS E-A35,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 NR 17 TC 66 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 324 EP 329 DI 10.1086/321893 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 449YX UT WOS:000169715700009 PM 11438897 ER PT J AU Dworkin, MS Williamson, J Jones, JL Kaplan, JE AF Dworkin, MS Williamson, J Jones, JL Kaplan, JE CA Adult Adolesc Spectrum HIV Dis Pro TI Prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients: Impact on risk for infectious diseases SO CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article ID PNEUMOCYSTIS-CARINII PNEUMONIA; LONGITUDINAL DATA-ANALYSIS; HIV-INFECTION; CONTROLLED TRIAL; OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS; UNITED-STATES; COTE-DIVOIRE; ADULTS; AIDS; RESISTANCE AB Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is widely prescribed as prophylaxis for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. Its efficacy against other infections has not been thoroughly evaluated. To compare the risk for infectious diseases for persons who were prescribed TMP-SMZ with that for patients who were not prescribed TMP-SMZ, we examined data collected from the medical records of HIV-infected patients (January 1990 through September 1999) who were enrolled in the Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project. During intervals when patients had CD4(+) T lymphocyte counts of <200 cells/L (19,081 persons; 22,801 person-years), prescription of TMP-SMZ was associated with significant protection from toxoplasmosis, salmonellosis, infection with Haemophilus species, invasive or any staphylococcal infection, and PCP, but not from Shigella, pneumococcal or nonpneumococcal Streptococcus, Klebsiella, or Pseudomonas species. We demonstrate that prescription of TMP-SMZ for PCP prophylaxis in persons with HIV infection is associated with significantly decreased risk for several infectious diseases. These findings may be of interest to HIV prevention programs in resource-poor countries. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Dworkin, MS (reprint author), Illinois Dept Publ Hlth, 160 N LaSalle,7 South, Chicago, IL 60601 USA. NR 38 TC 31 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 0 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1058-4838 J9 CLIN INFECT DIS JI Clin. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 33 IS 3 BP 393 EP 398 DI 10.1086/321901 PG 6 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 449YX UT WOS:000169715700022 PM 11438910 ER PT J AU Ahanotu, EN Stone, JH McAllister, SK Miller, JM Ahearn, DG AF Ahanotu, EN Stone, JH McAllister, SK Miller, JM Ahearn, DG TI Vancomycin resistance among strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis: Effects on adherence to silicone SO CURRENT MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI; CATHETERS; SILVER; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ANTIBIOTICS; SURFACES AB Nosocomial device-related infections with Gram-positive cocci and their resistance to vancomycin are of increasing occurrence. We examined clinical isolates of relatively avirulent coagulase-negative staphylococci for their resistance to vancomycin and for their capabilities to adhere in vitro to medical grade silicone. Vancomycin resistance was found in 9 of 20 isolates, but there was no correlation between adherence capacity to silicone in the absence of vancomycin and vancomycin resistance for a given strain. Vancomycin in the medium, adsorbed to the surface of medical grade silicone or adsorbed on nongrowing cells, reduced adherence of representative Staphylococcus epidermidis to medical grade silicone. C1 Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Ahearn, DG (reprint author), Georgia State Univ, Dept Biol, 24 Peachtree Ctr Ave,Rm 402 Kell Hall, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0343-8651 J9 CURR MICROBIOL JI Curr. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 43 IS 2 BP 124 EP 128 DI 10.1007/s002840010273 PG 5 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 442XT UT WOS:000169310800010 PM 11391476 ER PT J AU Mokdad, AH Bowman, BA Engelgau, MM Vinicor, F AF Mokdad, AH Bowman, BA Engelgau, MM Vinicor, F TI Diabetes trends among American Indians and Alaska Natives: 1990-1998 SO DIABETES CARE LA English DT Letter C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent CDC, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Mokdad, AH (reprint author), 4770 Buford Highway NE,Mailstop E62, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 5 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER DIABETES ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1660 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0149-5992 J9 DIABETES CARE JI Diabetes Care PD AUG PY 2001 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1508 EP 1509 DI 10.2337/diacare.24.8.1508-a PG 2 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 456HE UT WOS:000170076400042 PM 11473103 ER PT J AU Bingley, PJ Bonifacio, E Mueller, P AF Bingley, PJ Bonifacio, E Mueller, P TI Diabetes Antibody Standardisation Programme: First assay proficiency evaluation SO DIABETOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, Avon, England. Ist Sci San Raffaele, Milan, Italy. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0012-186X J9 DIABETOLOGIA JI Diabetologia PD AUG PY 2001 VL 44 SU 1 MA 281 BP A74 EP A74 PG 1 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 467MA UT WOS:000170706200282 ER PT J AU Marfin, AA Liu, H Sutton, MY Steiner, B Pillay, A Markowitz, LE AF Marfin, AA Liu, H Sutton, MY Steiner, B Pillay, A Markowitz, LE TI Amplification of the DNA polymerase I gene of Treponema pallidum from whole blood of persons with syphilis SO DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE LA English DT Article DE Treponema pallidum; PCR; blood; polA; syphilis; diagnosis; epidemiology ID CHAIN-REACTION; TRANSFUSION SYPHILIS; DONOR BLOOD; INFECTION; SURVIVAL AB Previous reports suggest that Treponema pallidum bacteremia occurs in persons with syphilis exposure ('incubating syphilis') and in persons with primary or secondary syphilis. During a recent syphilis outbreak, whole blood samples from 32 persons with suspected syphilis or syphilis exposure were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the DNA polymerase I gene (polA) of T. pallidum. Of the 32 samples, polA was amplified from 13 (41%). Of these 13, three were determined to have incubating syphilis; two had primary or secondary syphilis and eight had latent syphilis. This study demonstrates that spirochetemia can occur throughout the course of T. pallidum infection. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Div STD Prevent, Epidemiol & Surveillance Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Liu, H (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NR 14 TC 31 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0732-8893 J9 DIAGN MICR INFEC DIS JI Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 40 IS 4 BP 163 EP 166 DI 10.1016/S0732-8893(01)00275-9 PG 4 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 478BV UT WOS:000171323800004 PM 11576788 ER PT J AU Gwynn, RC Thurston, GD AF Gwynn, RC Thurston, GD TI The burden of air pollution: Impacts among racial minorities SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Inhaled Environmental/Occupational Irritants and Allergens - Mechanisms of Cardiovascular and Systemic Responses CY MAR 31-APR 02, 2000 CL SCOTTSDALE, ARIZONA SP Amer Thorac Soc DE acidic aerosols; air pollution; epidemiology; ethnicity; ozone; particulate matter; poverty; race; respiratory hospital admissions; socioeconomic status; sulfate; time-series techniques ID CHILDHOOD ASTHMA; NEW-YORK; SOCIOECONOMIC-FACTORS; HEALTH; RACE; HOSPITALIZATION; PREVALENCE; MORTALITY; POVERTY; MATTER AB Various epidemiologic investigations have shown that ambient air pollution levels are associated with acute increases in hospital admissions and mortality in the United States and abroad. The objectives of this investigation were a) to determine if racial minorities are more adversely affected by ambient air pollution than their white counterparts and b) to assess the contribution of socioeconomic status to any observed racial differences in pollution effect. Time-series regression methods were conducted to investigate these hypotheses for daily respiratory hospital admissions in New York City, New York. Pollutants considered included mean daily levels of particulate matter with a mass median aerodynamic diameter less than 10 mum (PM10), ozone (O-3), strong aerosol acidity (H+), and sulfates (SO42). The relative risk for respiratory hospital admission was calculated for each pollutant for a maximum minus mean increment in mean daily pollutant concentration. The greatest difference between the white and nonwhite subgroups was observed for O-3, where the white relative risk (RR) was 1.032 [95% confidence interval (Cl): 0.977-1.089] and the nonwhite RR was 1.122 (95% Cl: 1.074-1.172). Although not statistically different from each other, the various pollutants' RR estimates for the Hispanic nonwhite category in New York City were generally larger in magnitude than those for the non-Hispanic white group. When these analyses incorporated differences in the underlying respiratory hospitalization rates across races (that for nonwhites, was roughly twice that for whites), the disparities in attributable risks from pollution (in terms of excess admissions per day per million persons) were even larger for nonwhites versus whites. However, when insurance status was used as an indicator of socioeconomic/health coverage status, higher RRs were indicated for the poor/working poor (i.e., those on Medicaid and the uninsured) than for those who were economically better off (i.e., the privately insured), even among non-Hispanic whites. Thus, although potential racial differences in pollution exposures could not be explored as a factor, within-race analyses suggested that most of the apparent differences in air pollutant effects found across races were explained by socioeconomic and/or health care disparities. C1 NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Thurston, GD (reprint author), NYU, Sch Med, Nelson Inst Environm Med, 57 Old Forge Rd, Tuxedo Pk, NY 10987 USA. FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES00260, ES05711, R01 ES04612] NR 24 TC 73 Z9 75 U1 4 U2 19 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 109 SU 4 BP 501 EP 506 DI 10.2307/3454660 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 467KG UT WOS:000170700500005 PM 11544154 ER PT J AU Reintjes, R Dedushaj, I Gjini, A Jorgensen, T Cotter, B Lieftucht, A D'Ancona, F Dennis, D Kosoy, M Mulliqi-Osmani, G Grunow, R Kalaveshi, A Gashi, L Humolli, I AF Reintjes, R Dedushaj, I Gjini, A Jorgensen, T Cotter, B Lieftucht, A D'Ancona, F Dennis, D Kosoy, M Mulliqi-Osmani, G Grunow, R Kalaveshi, A Gashi, L Humolli, I TI Tularemia outbreak investigation in Kosovo: Case control and environmental studies SO GESUNDHEITSWESEN LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Inst Publ Hlth N Rhine Westphalia, Munster, Germany. WHO, Reg Off Europe, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. Ist Super Sanita, I-00161 Rome, Italy. PHLS Commun Dis Surveillance Ctr, London, England. Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. German Reference Lab Tularemia, Munich, Germany. RI D'Ancona, Fortunato/B-2139-2013 OI D'Ancona, Fortunato/0000-0002-9855-2924 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU GEORG THIEME VERLAG KG PI STUTTGART PA RUDIGERSTR 14, D-70469 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-3790 J9 GESUNDHEITSWESEN JI Gesundheitswesen PD AUG-SEP PY 2001 VL 63 IS 8-9 BP A41 EP A41 PG 1 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 474PY UT WOS:000171117100123 ER PT J AU Pawlowski, ZS Gromadecka-Sutkiewicz, M Skommer, J Paul, M Rokossowski, H Suchocka, E Schantz, PM AF Pawlowski, ZS Gromadecka-Sutkiewicz, M Skommer, J Paul, M Rokossowski, H Suchocka, E Schantz, PM TI Impact of health education on knowledge and prevention behavior for congenital toxoplasmosis: the experience in Poznan, Poland SO HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH LA English DT Article AB In 1991-1997 educational activities were undertaken in the Poznan region of Poland to promote health education for the prevention of toxoplasmosis. The effect of education was measured in 2710 pregnant women by a questionnaire survey. Knowledge of toxoplasmosis and its prevention was almost doubled within 4 years. Similarly, the proportion of women having antenatal serological tests for toxoplasmosis significantly increased. In the examined population the knowledge of how Toxoplasma gondii is transmitted/acquired was better than the knowledge of individual risk factors for congenital toxoplasmosis. Correct hygienic behaviors in pregnancy were often practised by women who lacked good knowledge of toxoplasmosis. The experience from this study suggests the possible effectiveness of including prevention of toxoplasmosis into the whole package of preventing infectious diseases in pregnancy and into healthy lifestyle promotion. Health educational activities need to be realized by modern promotional technologies in addition to making available traditional written educational texts. There is a considerable role of medical services in promotion of a hygienic behavior in pregnant women preventing congenital toxoplasmosis in their offspring. Health education should be especially tailored to the population of pregnant women below the age of 21. C1 Univ Med Sci, Inst Social Med, PL-60529 Poznan, Poland. Univ Med Sci, Inst Microbiol & Infect Dis, PL-60529 Poznan, Poland. Prov Sanit Epidemiol Stn, PL-61707 Poznan, Poland. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Epidemiol Branch, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30324 USA. RP Pawlowski, ZS (reprint author), Univ Med Sci, Inst Social Med, Dabrowskiego St 79, PL-60529 Poznan, Poland. NR 18 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0268-1153 J9 HEALTH EDUC RES JI Health Educ. Res. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 16 IS 4 BP 493 EP 502 DI 10.1093/her/16.4.493 PG 10 WC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Education & Educational Research; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 464NA UT WOS:000170537600008 PM 11525395 ER PT J AU Thompson, BL O'Connor, P Boyle, R Hindmarsh, M Salem, N Simmons, KW Wagner, E Oswald, J Smith, SM AF Thompson, BL O'Connor, P Boyle, R Hindmarsh, M Salem, N Simmons, KW Wagner, E Oswald, J Smith, SM TI Measuring clinical performance: Comparison and validity of telephone survey and administrative data SO HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE data quality; performance measures; preventive services; quality of care ID SELF-REPORT; PAP SMEAR; QUALITY; CARE; HEALTH; ACCURACY; MATTERS AB Objective. To compare and validate self-reported telephone survey and administrative data for two Health Plan Employer Data and Information Set (HEDIS) performance measures: mammography and diabetic retinal exams. Data. Sources/Study Setting. A telephone survey was administered to approximately 700 women and 600 persons with diabetes randomly chosen from each of two health maintenance organizations (HMOs). Study Design. Agreement of survey and administrative data was assessed by using kappa coefficients. Validity measures were assessed by comparing survey and administrative data results to a standard: when the two sources agreed, that was accepted as the standard; when they differed, confirmatory information was sought from medical records to establish the standard. When confirmatory information was not available ranges of estimates consistent with the data were constructed by first assuming that all persons for whom no information was available had received the service and alternately that they had not received the service. Principal Findings. The kappas for mammography were .65 at both HMOs; for retinal exam they were .38 and .40. Sensitivity for both data sources was consistently high. However, specificity was lower for survey (range .44 to .66) than administrative data (.99 to 1.00). The positive predictive value was high for mammography using either data source but differed for retinal exam (survey .69 to .78; administrative data .99 to 1.00). Conclusions. Administrative and survey data performed consistently in both HMOs. Although administrative data appeared to have greater specificity than survey data the validity and utility of different data sources for performance measurement have only begun to be explored. C1 HealthPartners, Grp Hlth Fdn, Minneapolis, MN USA. Grp Hlth Cooperat Puget Sound, Ctr Hlth Studies, Seattle, WA 98121 USA. Minnesota Dept Hlth, Minneapolis, MN USA. Washington State Dept Hlth, Olympia, WA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Div Adult & Community Hlth, Hlth Care & Aging Studies Branch, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Thompson, BL (reprint author), 4 Shadow Wood Pl, Alamosa, CO 81011 USA. NR 23 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU HEALTH ADMINISTRATION PRESS PI CHICAGO PA C/O FOUNDATION AMER COLL HEALTHCARE EXECUTIVES ONE N FRANKLIN ST, STE 1700, CHICAGO, IL 60606-3491 USA SN 0017-9124 J9 HEALTH SERV RES JI Health Serv. Res. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 36 IS 4 BP 813 EP 825 PG 13 WC Health Care Sciences & Services; Health Policy & Services SC Health Care Sciences & Services GA 462JE UT WOS:000170416300009 PM 11508641 ER PT J AU Williams-Johnson, MM Ashizawa, AE De Rosa, CT AF Williams-Johnson, MM Ashizawa, AE De Rosa, CT TI Trichloroethylene in the environment: Public health concerns SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE ATSDR; TCE; public health; carcinogenicity ID DRINKING-WATER CONTAMINATION; RENAL-CELL CARCINOMA; MATERNAL EXPOSURE; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE; TRICHLOROACETIC-ACID; URINARY METABOLITE; SOMATIC MUTATIONS; FETAL DEVELOPMENT; WORKERS AB The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) prepares toxicological profiles for hazardous substances found at waste sites and elsewhere in the environment. In 1997 the agency updated its toxicological profile for trichloroethylene and included new and expanded information on the health effects associated with exposures to trichloroethylene. Several endpoints of concern are described in the profile. However, in this paper only results from studies reporting developmental and carcinogenic effects from trichloroethylene exposures in human and experimental animal studies are summarized and evaluated. Based on its assessment of the available studies and limitations in the reported findings, ATSDR has determined there is limited but suggestive evidence that developmental effects may be a concern for some persons exposed to TCE in drinking water. Moreover, developmental effects may be the most sensitive of all non-cancer health effects associated with trichloroethylene exposures. Significant questions remain about the likely mode (s) of action for TCE-induced carcinogenesis in humans and the basis for differences in pharmacokinetics handling of TCE across animal strains and sex. However, on the basis of animal data and the suggestive, yet inconclusive, human data available, ATSDR has determined that cancer should be an effect of concern for people exposed to TCE in the environment, ATSDR agrees that the available literature supports the premise that TCE is "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen" as defined by the U.S. National Toxicology Program. C1 US Dept HHS, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Williams-Johnson, MM (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Div Toxicol, ATSDR, 1600 Clifton Rd NE,MS E-29, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 81 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU CRC PRESS LLC PI BOCA RATON PA 2000 CORPORATE BLVD NW, JOURNALS CUSTOMER SERVICE, BOCA RATON, FL 33431 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 7 IS 4 BP 737 EP 753 DI 10.1080/20018091094619 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 469DJ UT WOS:000170798200009 ER PT J AU Weitzel, T Wolff, M Dabanch, J Levy, I Schmetz, C Visvesvara, GS Sobottka, I AF Weitzel, T Wolff, M Dabanch, J Levy, I Schmetz, C Visvesvara, GS Sobottka, I TI Dual microsporidial infection with Encephalitozoon cuniculi and case Enterocytozoon bieneusi in an HIV-positive patient SO INFECTION LA English DT Article DE microsporidia; Encephalitozoon cuniculi; Enterocytozoon bieneusi; pulmonary infection; HIV ID AIDS; PREVALENCE; DOGS; IDENTIFICATION; GENOTYPES; RABBITS; STRAINS; HUMANS AB This report describes the first dual microsporidial infection with Encepholitozoon cuniculi and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in an HIV-positive patient. In view of clinical and epidemiological findings, our E. cuniculi isolate was deduced to be of the dog strain. The patients occupational involvement with dogs indicates that canines should be considered as a reservoir of human infections for both microsporidial species. Furthermore, our report provides detailed clinical and radiological information on a rare case of a symptomatic pulmonary infection by E. cuniculi and its improvement after treatment with albendazole. C1 Humboldt Univ, Dept Med Infect Dis, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. Univ Chile, Hosp San Borja Arriaran, Dept Internal Med, Santiago, Chile. Univ Chile, Hosp San Borja Arriaran, Dept Pathol, Santiago, Chile. Bernhard Nocht Inst Trop Med, Hamburg, Germany. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Hosp Eppendorf, Dept Microbiol, Hamburg, Germany. RP Weitzel, T (reprint author), Humboldt Univ, Dept Med Infect Dis, Augustenburger Pl 1, D-13353 Berlin, Germany. EM thomas.weitzel@charite.de NR 16 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU MMV MEDIEN & MEDIZIN VERLAGSGESELLSCHAFT MBH PI MUNICH PA NEUMARKTER STR 18, D-81673 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0300-8126 J9 INFECTION JI Infection PD AUG PY 2001 VL 29 IS 4 BP 237 EP 239 DI 10.1007/s15010-001-1164-0 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases SC Infectious Diseases GA 462XN UT WOS:000170445200014 PM 11545489 ER PT J AU Toraason, M Hayden, C Marlow, D Rinehart, R Mathias, P Werren, D DeBord, DG Reid, TM AF Toraason, M Hayden, C Marlow, D Rinehart, R Mathias, P Werren, D DeBord, DG Reid, TM TI DNA strand breaks, oxidative damage, and 1-OH pyrene in roofers with coal-tar pitch dust and/or asphalt fume exposure SO INTERNATIONAL ARCHIVES OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article DE DNA strand breaks; oxidative DNA damage; 1-OH pyrene; asphalt fume; coal-tar pitch; 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine; 8-epi-prostaglandin(2 alpha) ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MONONUCLEAR BLOOD-CELLS; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; WORKERS; 8-HYDROXYDEOXYGUANOSINE; PRODUCTS; STRESS; BIOMARKERS; ENZYMES; SMOKERS AB Objective: To determine the potential for asphalt fume exposure to increase DNA damage, we conducted a cross-sectional study of roofers involved in the application of roofing asphalt. Methods: DNA strand breaks and the ratio of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) to 2-deoxyguanosine (dG) were measured in peripheral blood leukocytes of roofers. In addition, urinary excretion of 8-OHdG and 8-epi-prostaglandin F-2 alpha (8-epi-PGF) was also measured. The study population consisted of 26 roofers exposed to roofing asphalt and 15 construction workers not exposed to asphalt during the past 5 years. A subset of asphalt roofers (n = 19) was exposed to coal-tar pitch dust (coal tar) during removal of existing roofs prior to applying hot asphalt. Personal air monitoring was performed for one work-week to measure exposure to total particulates, benzene-soluble fraction of total particulates, and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Urinary 1-OH-pyrene levels were measured as an internal biomarker of PAC exposure. Results: Full-shift breathing zone measurements for total particulates, benzene-solubles and PACs were significantly higher for coal-tar exposed workers than for roofers not exposed to coal tar. Similarly, urinary I-OH-pyrene levels were higher in coal-tar exposed roofers than roofers not exposed to coal tar. Total particulates or benzene-soluble fractions were not associated with urinary I-OH-pyrene, but PAC exposure was highly correlated with urinary 1-OH-pyrene. When stratified by I-OH-pyrene excretion, DNA strand breaks increased in a dose-dependent manner, and leukocyte 8-OHdG/dG decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Significant changes in DNA damage appeared to be linked to PACs from coal-tar exposure, although asphalt fume alone was associated with a small but significant increase in urinary 1-OH-pyrene and DNA strand breaks. Conclusions: Results are consistent with previous reports that asphalt or coal-tar exposure can cause DNA damage. Urinary 8-epi-PGF remained relatively constant during the week for virtually all subjects, regardless of exposure indicating that neither asphalt nor coal-tar exposure induces an overt oxidative stress. A small, but statistically significant increase in 8OHdG was evident in end-of-week urine samples compared with start-of-week urine samples in roofers exposed to coal-tar. The increase in urinary 8OHdG coupled with the decrease in leukocyte 8-OHdG/dG, suggests that coal-tar exposure induces protective or repair mechanisms that result in reduced levels of steady-state oxidative-DNA damage. C1 NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. RP Toraason, M (reprint author), NIOSH, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. FU NCI NIH HHS [1 R01 CA 74413-01] NR 30 TC 62 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG PI NEW YORK PA 175 FIFTH AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0340-0131 J9 INT ARCH OCC ENV HEA JI Int. Arch. Occup. Environ. Health PD AUG PY 2001 VL 74 IS 6 BP 396 EP 404 DI 10.1007/s004200100238 PG 9 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 467CF UT WOS:000170682400002 PM 11563602 ER PT J AU Gresik, TA Mansley, EC AF Gresik, TA Mansley, EC TI The strategic effects of batch processing SO INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC REVIEW LA English DT Article ID UNIT QUANTITY DISCOUNTS; OPTIMAL SELLING PRICE; AIRLINE INDUSTRY; LOT SIZE; TECHNOLOGY; OLIGOPOLY; COMPETITION; ECONOMIES; DENSITY AB We study a duopoly game in which firms commit to a batch technology before competing in sales quantities. Adopting a batch technology requires the quantity produced to equal an integer number of batches and allows sales to be less than production. When larger batch sizes lower unit production costs (as in the U.S. airline industry with its economics of density), subgame perfect equilibrium sales quantities are unique and more competitive than the Cournot equilibrium quantities of a one-shot game with continuous total cost functions. When larger batch sizes yield higher unit costs, equilibrium production can exceed equilibrium sales. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0020-6598 EI 1468-2354 J9 INT ECON REV JI Int. Econ. Rev. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 42 IS 3 BP 697 EP 728 DI 10.1111/1468-2354.00130 PG 32 WC Economics SC Business & Economics GA 467QL UT WOS:000170715200006 ER PT J AU Zhu, KM Levine, RS Brann, EA Gu, Y Caplan, LS Hall, I Baum, MK AF Zhu, KM Levine, RS Brann, EA Gu, Y Caplan, LS Hall, I Baum, MK TI Risk factors for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma according to family history of haematolymphoproliferative malignancies SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE case-control studies; family history; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; risk factors ID ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME; FRANCISCO BAY AREA; HEPATITIS-C VIRUS; PRIOR MEDICATION USE; HIV-INFECTION; HOMOSEXUAL MEN; UNITED-STATES; BLOOD-TRANSFUSION; AGRICULTURAL USE; EPSTEIN-BARR AB Background Aetiological profiles of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) may differ depending upon whether the disease is inheritance-related or sporadic. Because familial risk (a probable surrogate of inheritance-relatedness) of NHL is influenced by haematolymphoproliferative malignancies (HLPM), we evaluated whether nonfamilial risk factors differ between NHL with and without a fan-lily history of HLPM, using the Selected Cancers Study data. Methods Cases were 1511 men aged 31-59 and diagnosed with NHL during 1984-1988. Controls were men without NHL, frequency-matched to cases by age range and cancer registry (n=1910). These groups were compared: cases with a family history of HLPM and without, and controls without such a family history. Results Polytomous logistic regression analyses showed that the odds ratio (OR) estimates of homosexual behaviour were 18.2 (95% confidence interval (CI) : 4.8-69.4) and 5.6 (95% CI: 3.3-9.5) for NHL with and without a family history of HLPM, respectively. The corresponding estimates were 3.9 (95% CI: 1.7-8.9) and 2.2 (95% CI : 1.5-3.1) for history of enlarged lymph nodes. Variables only related to NHL with a family history were use of heroin (OR = 15.6, 95% CI: 3.4-70.4), exposure to a chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.0-5.0), occupational exposure to plywood, fibreboard or particleboard (OR = 2.0, 95% CI : 1.2-3.4) and history of liver diseases (other than hepatitis or cirrhosis) (OR = 6.5, 95% CI: 1.2-36.2). The association between homosexual behaviour and NHL among men with a family history was stronger for those aged 31-44, especially for B-cell type of the disease. Conclusions This study suggests differences in the risk factor profiles between NHL with and without a family history of HLPM. The higher risks of NHL for homosexual behaviour and heroin use, surrogates of HIV infection, in men with a family history of HLPM imply that genetic susceptibility may be influential on the occurrence of HIV-related NHL. C1 Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. Meharry Med Coll, Dept Occupat & Prevent Med, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Miami, Sch Med, Miami, FL USA. RP Zhu, KM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Coll Med, Dept Hlth Evaluat Sci, A210,POB 855,600 Centerview Dr, Hershey, PA 17033 USA. NR 62 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0300-5771 J9 INT J EPIDEMIOL JI Int. J. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 30 IS 4 BP 818 EP 824 DI 10.1093/ije/30.4.818 PG 7 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 471RW UT WOS:000170943300033 PM 11511610 ER PT J CA CDC TI Congenital syphilis - United States, 2000 (Reprinted from MMWR, vol 50, pg 573-577, 2001) SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Reprint C1 CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, State & Local Hlth Dept, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP CDC, Div Sexually Transmitted Dis Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, State & Local Hlth Dept, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 5 BP 529 EP 530 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 458HE UT WOS:000170188300007 ER PT J AU Salama, P Buzard, N Spiegel, P AF Salama, P Buzard, N Spiegel, P TI Improving standards in international humanitarian response: The sphere project and beyond SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Letter C1 CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Sphere Project, Geneva, Switzerland. RP Salama, P (reprint author), CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 5 BP 531 EP 532 DI 10.1001/jama.286.5.531 PG 2 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 458HE UT WOS:000170188300008 PM 11476648 ER PT J AU Salama, P Assefa, F Talley, L Spiegel, P van der Veen, A Gotway, CA AF Salama, P Assefa, F Talley, L Spiegel, P van der Veen, A Gotway, CA TI Malnutrition, measles, mortality, and the humanitarian response during a famine in Ethiopia SO JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID CHRONIC ENERGY DEFICIENCY; REFUGEE POPULATIONS; HEALTH; SITUATIONS; COMMUNITY; THAILAND; SOMALIA; KOSOVO; STATE; SUDAN AB Context The World Food Programme estimated that 10 million people were at risk of starvation in Ethiopia in 2000 but later reported that a famine had been averted. However, no population-based data on mortality or nutrition existed for Gode district, at the epicenter of the famine in the Somali region of Ethiopia. Objectives To estimate mortality rates, determine the major causes of death, and estimate the prevalence of malnutrition among children and adults for the population of Gode district. Design and Setting Two-stage cluster survey conducted from July 27 through August 1, 2000, which included anthropometric measures and 8-month retrospective mortality data collection. Participants A total of 595 households comprising 4032 people living in Gode district of Ethiopia. Main Outcome Measures Crude mortality rates and mortality rates for children younger than 5 years, causes of death, weight for height of less than -2 z scores among children aged 6 months to 5 years, and body mass index of less than 18.5 kg/m(2) among adults and older persons. Results Of the 595 households, 346 (58.2%) were displaced from their usual places of residence. From December 1999 through July 2000, total of 293 deaths occurred in the sample population; 159 (54.3%) deaths were among children younger than 5 years and 72 (24.6%) were among children aged 5 to 14 years. The crude mortality rate was 3.2/ 10000 per day (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-3.8/10000 per day), which is 3 times the cutoff used to define an emergency. The mortality rate for children younger than 5 years was 6.8/10000 per day (95% CI, 5.4-8.2/10000 per day). Approximately 77% of deaths occurred before major relief interventions began in April/May 2000. Wasting contributed to 72.3% of all deaths among children younger than 5 years. Measles alone or in combination with wasting accounted for 35 (22.0%) of 159 deaths among children younger than 5 years and for 12 (16.7%) of 72 deaths among children aged 5 to 14 years. The prevalence rate for wasting (weight for height of <-2 z score) among children aged 6 months to 5 years was 29.1% (95% CI, 24.7%-33.4%). Using a method to adjust body mass index for body shape, the prevalence of undernutrition (body mass index <18.5 kg/m(2)) among adults aged 18 to 59 years was 22.7% (95% CI, 17.9%-27.5%). Conclusions To prevent unnecessary deaths, the humanitarian response to famine needs to be rapid, well coordinated, and based on sound epidemiological evidence. Public health interventions, such as mass measles vaccination campaigns with coverage extended to children aged 12 to 15 years should be implemented as the first priority. The prevalence of wasting and undernutrition among children and adults, respectively, should be assessed in all prolonged, severe famines. C1 CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Emergency & Environm Hlth Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. CDCP, Int Emergency & Refugee Hlth Branch, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA USA. Save Children USA, Washington, DC USA. Oak Ridge Inst Sci & Educ, Oak Ridge, TN USA. WHO, Off Reg Humanitarian Coordinator, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. RP Salama, P (reprint author), CDCP, Epidem Intelligence Serv, Epidemiol Program Off, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, 4770 Buford Hwy NE,Mailstop F-48, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 47 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER MEDICAL ASSOC PI CHICAGO PA 515 N STATE ST, CHICAGO, IL 60610 USA SN 0098-7484 J9 JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC JI JAMA-J. Am. Med. Assoc. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 286 IS 5 BP 563 EP 571 DI 10.1001/jama.286.5.563 PG 9 WC Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 458HE UT WOS:000170188300019 PM 11476658 ER PT J AU Xu, FJ Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Manopaiboon, C Korattana, S Mastro, TD AF Xu, FJ Kilmarx, PH Supawitkul, S Limpakarnjanarat, K Manopaiboon, C Korattana, S Mastro, TD TI Response to "Risk factors for HIV among northern Thai women: Testing hypotheses or repeating assumptions?" by David Gisselquist SO JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES LA English DT Letter ID CHIANG-RAI; TRANSMISSION C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. HIV AIDS Collaborat, Nonthaburi, Thailand. Prov Publ Hlth Off, Chiang Rai, Thailand. RP Xu, FJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr HIV STD & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1525-4135 J9 J ACQ IMMUN DEF SYND JI J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 27 IS 4 BP 415 EP 416 PG 2 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 457PG UT WOS:000170145500014 ER PT J AU Zimmer, AT Biswas, P AF Zimmer, AT Biswas, P TI Characterization of the aerosols resulting from arc welding processes SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE welding; fumes; arc ID INCREASED PULMONARY TOXICITY; ULTRAFINE PARTICLES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; GROWTH AB As a result of recent research on the potentially adverse health effects of sub-micrometer aerosols, a generation chamber and sampling system was designed to characterize aerosols from a popular welding system that utilized either gas metal are welding or flux cored are welding techniques. The experimental apparatus allowed flexibility in changing are welding parameters, sample locations, and was designed to promote the steady-state generation of fumes over several minutes. In contrast to prior studies where the particle size distribution was weighted by mass without regard to its time/temperature history, the wedding aerosols in this study were temporally collected and weighted by a lower moment, particle number. The results demonstrated that the welding alloy had a marked effect on the particle size distribution, morphology and chemical aspects of the resultant fume. In addition, the particle size distributions from these processes were multi-modal and dynamically changed with time. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Civil Engn, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Zimmer, AT (reprint author), NIOSH, Div Appl Res & Technol, 4676 Columbia Pkwy, Cincinnati, OH 45226 USA. NR 22 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 32 IS 8 BP 993 EP 1008 DI 10.1016/S0021-8502(01)00035-0 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 453HL UT WOS:000169910400004 ER PT J AU Auchincloss, AH Van Nostrand, JF Ronsaville, D AF Auchincloss, AH Van Nostrand, JF Ronsaville, D TI Access to health care for older persons in the United States: Personal, structural, and neighborhood characteristics SO JOURNAL OF AGING AND HEALTH LA English DT Article ID MORTALITY; PEOPLE AB Objective: To determine the contributions of personal, structural, and neighborhood characteristics to differential access to health care for older persons in the United States. Methods: This study used the 1994 National Health Interview Survey, ages 65 and older (n = 12,341), 1990 census block group data, and data on health professional shortage areas. Logistic regression was used to model the probability of problems accessing care. Results: The likelihood of access problems increased sharply with decreasing gradients of family income and for those lacking private health care insurance. Rural areas and poor areas were at a disadvantage in accessing care, whereas residents of neighborhoods that were homogeneous in ancestral heritage appeared better able to access care. Discussion: Considering the high association between neighborhood and personal characteristics. it is notable that any neighborhood effects remained after combining them with personal effects. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Atlanta, GA USA. US Hlth Resources & Serv Adm, Fed Off Rural Hlth Policy, Rockville, MD 20857 USA. RP Auchincloss, AH (reprint author), 111 E 14th St,133, New York, NY 10003 USA. NR 53 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 0898-2643 J9 J AGING HEALTH JI J. Aging Health PD AUG PY 2001 VL 13 IS 3 BP 329 EP 354 DI 10.1177/089826430101300302 PG 26 WC Gerontology; Health Policy & Services SC Geriatrics & Gerontology; Health Care Sciences & Services GA 453RR UT WOS:000169930700002 PM 11813730 ER PT J AU Rudolph, KM Parkinson, AJ Roberts, MC AF Rudolph, KM Parkinson, AJ Roberts, MC TI Mechanisms of erythromycin and trimethoprim resistance in the Alaskan Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 6B clone SO JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY LA English DT Letter ID EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arctic Invest Program, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Roberts, MC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Pathobiol, Box 357238, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0305-7453 J9 J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH JI J. Antimicrob. Chemother. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 48 IS 2 BP 317 EP 319 DI 10.1093/jac/48.2.317 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Infectious Diseases; Microbiology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 467LL UT WOS:000170704600027 PM 11481311 ER PT J AU Benoit, S Posey, JE Chenoweth, MR Gherardini, FC AF Benoit, S Posey, JE Chenoweth, MR Gherardini, FC TI Treponema pallidum 3-phosphoglycerate mutase is a heat-labile enzyme that may limit the maximum growth temperature for the spirochete SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASES; PROTEIN; MANGANESE(II); SYPHILIS AB In the causative agent of syphilis, Treponema pallidum, the gene encoding 3-phosphoglycerate mutase, gpm, is part of a six-gene operon (tro operon) that is regulated by the Mn-dependent repressor TroR. Since substrate-level phosphorylation via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway is the principal way to generate ATP in T. pallidum and Gpm is a key enzyme in this pathway, Mn could exert a regulatory effect on central metabolism in this bacterium. To study this, T. pallidum gpm was cloned, Gpm was purified from Escherichia coli, and antiserum against the recombinant protein was raised. Immunoblots indicated that Gpm was expressed in freshly extracted infective T. pallidum. Enzyme assays indicated that Gpm did not require Mn2+ while 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) was required for maximum activity. Consistent with these observations, Mn did not copurify with Gpm. The purified Gpm was stable for more than 4 h at 25 degreesC, retained only 50% activity after incubation for 20 min at 34 degreesC or 10 min at 37 degreesC, and was completely inactive after 10 min at 42 degreesC. The temperature effect was attenuated when 1 mM DPG was added to the assay mixture. The recombinant Gpm from pSLB2 complemented E. coli strain PL225 (gpm) and restored growth on minimal glucose medium in a temperature-dependent manner. Increasing the temperature of cultures of E. coli PL225 harboring pSLB2 from 34 to 42 degreesC resulted in a 7- to 11-h period in which no growth occurred (compared to wild-type E. coli). These data suggest that biochemical properties of Gpm could be one contributing factor to the heat sensitivity of T. pallidum. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div AIDS STD & TB Lab Res, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Gherardini, FC (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Microbiol, 546 Biol Sci Bldg, Athens, GA 30602 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [10-21-RR-182243] NR 38 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 183 IS 16 BP 4702 EP 4708 DI 10.1128/JB.183.16.4702-4708.2001 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 457CB UT WOS:000170118600004 PM 11466272 ER PT J AU Brown, DW Giles, WH Greenlund, KJ Valdez, R Croft, JB AF Brown, DW Giles, WH Greenlund, KJ Valdez, R Croft, JB TI Impaired fasting glucose, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk factors are associated with prolonged QTc duration. Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey SO JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR RISK LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; diabetes; epidemiology; QT duration; risk factors ID CORONARY HEART-DISEASE; AUTONOMIC CONTROL; BLOOD-PRESSURE; INTERVAL; INSULIN; POPULATION; GENDER; TONE; MORTALITY; ZUTPHEN AB Background Impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes mellitus have been associated with a prolonged QT interval among select populations. However, these associations remain unclear among the general population. Methods We examined these relationships using data from 5833 adults aged 40-90 years from NHANES III (1988-1994). Univariate differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors were examined across tertiles of heart rate corrected QT (QTc). The association between glucose intolerance, CVD risk factors and a prolonged QTc (greater than or equal to0.440 s) was also assessed with logistic regression adjusting for age, race, gender, education, and heart rate. Results Prolonged QTc was observed among 22.0% of persons with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), 29.9% of those with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and among 42.2% of persons with diabetes. Hypertension, serum cholesterol, obesity, heart rate, and fasting C-peptide and serum insulin levels were associated with prolonged QTc (all: P less than or equal to0.05). After multivariate adjustment, persons with IFG were 1.2 times (95% CI=0.7-2.0) as likely and persons with diabetes 1.6 times (95% CI=1.1-2.3) as likely to have a prolonged QTc as persons with NGT. In addition, persons with diabetes and two or more additional CVD risk factors were 2.3 times (95% CI=1.3-4.0) as likely to have a prolonged QTc as persons with NGT and no CVD risk factors after multivariate adjustment. Conclusion Diabetes was associated with an increased likelihood of prolonged QTc independent of age, race, gender, education, and heart rate. In addition, persons with diabetes and multiple CVD risk factors were more likely to have a prolonged QTc than those with NGT and no additional risk factors, suggesting that these persons may be at increased risk for cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. J Cardiovasc Risk 2001,8:227-233 (C) 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. C1 Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. CDCP, Epidemiol & Stat Branch, Div Diabet Translat, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Giles, WH (reprint author), Div Adult & Community Hlth, Cardiovasc Hlth Branch, 4770 Buford Hwy,MS K45, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 29 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 0 U2 2 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 1350-6277 J9 J CARDIOVASC RISK JI J. Cardiovasc. Risk PD AUG PY 2001 VL 8 IS 4 BP 227 EP 233 DI 10.1097/00043798-200108000-00007 PG 7 WC Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems SC Cardiovascular System & Cardiology GA 468GP UT WOS:000170750000007 PM 11551001 ER PT J AU Steward, CD Rasheed, JK Hubert, SK Biddle, JW Raney, PM Anderson, GJ Williams, PP Brittain, KL Oliver, A McGowan, JE Tenover, FC AF Steward, CD Rasheed, JK Hubert, SK Biddle, JW Raney, PM Anderson, GJ Williams, PP Brittain, KL Oliver, A McGowan, JE Tenover, FC TI Characterization of clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae from 19 laboratories using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards extended-spectrum beta-lactamase detection methods SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE; PROTEUS-MIRABILIS; UNITED-STATES; CEPHALOSPORINS; SEQUENCE; ENZYMES; STRAIN; SHV-5; ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AB Extended-spectrum beta -lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes found in gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. In 1999, the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) published methods for screening and confirming the presence of ESBLs in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli. To evaluate the confirmation protocol, we tested 139 isolates of K. pneumoniae that were sent to Project ICARE (Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology) from 19 hospitals in 11 U.S. states. Each isolate met the NCCLS screening criteria for potential ESBL producers (ceftazidime [CAZ] or cefotaxime [CTX] MICs were greater than or equal to2 mug/ml for all isolates). Initially, 117 (84%) isolates demonstrated a clavulanic acid (CA) effect by disk diffusion (i.e., an increase in CAZ or CTX zone diameters of greater than or equal to5 mm in the presence of CA), and 114 (82%) demonstrated a CA effect by broth microdilution (reduction of CAZ or CTX MICs by greater than or equal to3 dilutions). For five isolates, a CA effect could not be determined initially by broth microdilution because of off scale CAZ results. However, a CA effect was observed in two of these isolates by testing cefepime and cefepime plus CA. The cefoxitin MICs for 23 isolates that failed to show a CA effect by broth microdilution were greater than or equal to 32 mug/ml, suggesting either the presence of an AmpC-type beta -lactamase or porin changes that could mask a CA effect. By isoelectric focusing (IEF), 7 of the 23 isolates contained a beta -lactamase with a pI of greater than or equal to8.3 suggestive of an AmpC-type beta -lactamase; 6 of the 7 isolates were shown by PCR to contain both ampC-type and bla(OX)A genes. The IEF profiles of the remaining 16 isolates showed a variety of beta -lactamase bands, all of which had pls of less than or equal to7.5. All 16 isolates were negative by PCR with multiple primer sets for ampC-type, bla(OXA), and bla(CTX-M) genes. In summary, 83.5% of the K. pneumoniae isolates that were identified initially as presumptive ESBL producers were positive for a CA effect, while 5.0% contained beta -lactamases that likely masked the CA effect. The remaining 11.5% of the isolates studied contained beta -lactamases that did not demonstrate a CA effect. An algorithm based on phenotypic analyses is suggested for evaluation of such isolates. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dvi Healthcare Qual Promot G08, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Emory Univ, Rollins Sch Publ Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA. Hosp Ramon y Cajal, Microbiol Serv, E-28034 Madrid, Spain. RP Tenover, FC (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Dvi Healthcare Qual Promot G08, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RI Oliver, Antonio/E-4048-2012; mcgowan jr, john/G-5404-2011 OI Oliver, Antonio/0000-0001-9327-1894; NR 43 TC 127 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2864 EP 2872 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.8.2864-2872.2001 PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 459HT UT WOS:000170245500018 PM 11474005 ER PT J AU Sacchi, CT Lemos, APS Popovic, T de Morais, JC Whitney, AM Melles, CEA Brondi, LMG Monteiro, LMC Paiva, MV Solari, CA Mayer, LW AF Sacchi, CT Lemos, APS Popovic, T de Morais, JC Whitney, AM Melles, CEA Brondi, LMG Monteiro, LMC Paiva, MV Solari, CA Mayer, LW TI Serosubtypes and PorA types of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B isolated in Brazil during 1997-1998: Overview and implications for vaccine development SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTER-MEMBRANE PROTEIN; HUMAN BACTERICIDAL ANTIBODIES; VESICLE VACCINE; MENINGOCOCCAL VACCINES; ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY; HEXAVALENT PORA; IMMUNE-RESPONSE; UNITED-STATES; SAO-PAULO; IMMUNOGENICITY AB Meningococcal disease caused by N. meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) has been endemic in Brazil since 1997. In this study, we determined the prevalence of serosubtypes of MenB isolated in 10 Brazilian states and the Federal District during 1997 and 1998 and investigated the extent of PorA VR sequence variation among the most prevalent serosubtypes to evaluate the possible use of an outer membrane vesicle (OMV)-, PorA-based vaccine to prevent meningococcal disease in Brazil. During this period, a total of 8,932 cases of meningococcal disease were reported. Only 42% (n = 3,751) of the reported cases were laboratory confirmed, and about 60% (n = 2,255) of those were identified as MenB. Among 1,297 MenB strains selected for this study, the most prevalent serosubtypes were P1.19.15 (66%), P1.7,1 (11%), and P1.7,16 (4%). Pork VR typing showed that 91% of the P1.19,15 strains analyzed had VR1 and VR2 sequences identical to those of the prototype strain. No sequence variation was detected among the 40 strains representing all isolated MenB P1.7,16 strains in the three southern states, where this serosubtype accounts for 75% of the serosubtypes identified. Similarly, all P1.7,1 strains were identified by PorA typing as P1.7-1,1. Although further improvements in the reporting of cases and collection of strains in Brazil are needed, our data suggest that a trivalent OW-based vaccine prepared with PorA types P1.19,15, P1.7-1,1, and P1.7,16 may be appropriate to control serogroup B meningococcal disease in most of the Brazilian states. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Adolfo Lutz Inst, Dept Bacteriol, Div Med Biol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Secretaria Saude Estado Sao Paulo, Ctr Vigilancia Epidemiol Alexandre Vranjaque, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Minist Saude, Fdn Nacl Saude, Ctr Nacl Epidemiol, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. Fdn Oswaldo Cruz, Dept Bacteriol, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Sch Med & Surg, Dept Pathol & Clin Med, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. RP Sacchi, CT (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Meningitis & Special Pathogens Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mail Stop D-11,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 42 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0095-1137 J9 J CLIN MICROBIOL JI J. Clin. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 39 IS 8 BP 2897 EP 2903 DI 10.1128/JCM.39.8.2897-2903.2001 PG 7 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 459HT UT WOS:000170245500023 PM 11474010 ER PT J AU Samuel, MC Portnoy, D Tauxe, RV Angulo, FJ Vugia, DJ AF Samuel, MC Portnoy, D Tauxe, RV Angulo, FJ Vugia, DJ TI Complaints of foodborne illness in San Francisco, California, 1998 SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article AB Foodborne diseases are an important public problem affecting millions of Americans each year and resulting in substantial morbidity and mortality. Many foodborne infections occur in outbreak settings. Outbreaks are often detected by complaints from the public to health authorities. This report reviews complaints received by the San Francisco Department of Public Health involving suspected foodborne illness in 1998. Although such foodborne complaints are commonly received by health officials, we provide the first review of population-based data describing such complaints. We use a broad definition of a foodborne disease outbreak. We judged a complaint to be a "likely foodborne disease outbreak" if it involved more than one person and more than one family; no other common meals were shared recently by ill persons; diarrhea, vomiting, or both was reported; and the incubation period was more than one hour. In 1998, 326 complaints of foodborne illness, involving a total of 599 ill people, were received by the Communicable Disease Control Unit in San Francisco. The complaints involved from I to 36 ill persons, with 61% involving one ill person and 25% involving two ill persons. Of the 126 reports involving illness in more than one person, 77 (61%) were judged to be likely foodborne disease outbreaks. Three of these 77 outbreaks had been investigated prior to our review. This project confirms that more foodborne disease outbreaks occur than are reported to state and national outbreak surveillance systems. Our review of the San Francisco system highlights opportunities for gleaning valuable information from the foodborne disease complaint systems in place in most jurisdictions. C1 Calif Emerging Infect Program, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. San Francisco Dept Publ Hlth, San Francisco, CA 94102 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Calif Dept Hlth Serv, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. RP Samuel, MC (reprint author), Calif Emerging Infect Program, 1212 Broadway,12th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612 USA. NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 8 BP 1261 EP 1264 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 460UH UT WOS:000170326600031 PM 11510673 ER PT J AU Schulte, JM Valway, SE McCray, E Onorato, IM AF Schulte, JM Valway, SE McCray, E Onorato, IM TI Tuberculosis cases reported among migrant farm workers in the United States, 1993-97 SO JOURNAL OF HEALTH CARE FOR THE POOR AND UNDERSERVED LA English DT Article DE tuberculosis; migrant farm workers; surveillance ID NORTH-CAROLINA; HEALTH; CALIFORNIA; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FARMWORKERS; COUNTY; CARE; RISK AB Migrant farm workers (MFWs) are considered a high-risk group for tuberculosis. MFW tuberculosis cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention represented I percent of all reported tuberculosis cases from 1993 to 1997. Most of these cases (70 percent) were reported from Florida, Texas, and California. MFW tuberculosis cases were more likely to be male,foreign-born, or Hispanic and to have a history of alcohol abuse and homelessness than were non-MFWs. Most (79 percent) foreign-born MFWs were from Mexico. HIV status was poorly reported, with results available for only 28 percent of MFW and 33 percent of non-MFW cases. Of the MFWs tested, 28 percent were HIV infected, whereas 34 percent of non-MFWs were HIV infected. Twenty percent of MFWs move or are lost to follow-up before completing therapy; these cases pose a management challenge for the nation's tuberculosis control efforts. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Div, Natl Immunizat Program, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Schulte, JM (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Surveillance & Epidemiol Div, Natl Immunizat Program, MS E-61,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC PI THOUSAND OAKS PA 2455 TELLER RD, THOUSAND OAKS, CA 91320 USA SN 1049-2089 J9 J HEALTH CARE POOR U JI J. Health Care Poor Underserved PD AUG PY 2001 VL 12 IS 3 BP 311 EP 322 PG 12 WC Health Policy & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Health Care Sciences & Services; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 452UZ UT WOS:000169879200005 PM 11475549 ER PT J AU Punkosdy, GA Dennis, VA Lasater, BL Tzertzinis, G Foster, JM Lammie, PJ AF Punkosdy, GA Dennis, VA Lasater, BL Tzertzinis, G Foster, JM Lammie, PJ TI Detection of serum IgG antibodies specific for Wolbachia surface protein in rhesus monkeys infected with Brugia malayi SO JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Tropical-Medicine-and-Hygiene CY OCT 29-NOV 02, 2000 CL HOUSTON, TEXAS SP Amer Soc Trop Med & Hyg ID HUMAN LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; RESPONSES; INDUCTION; AREA AB The mechanism of lymphedema development in individuals with lymphatic filariasis is presently poorly understood. To investigate whether Wolbachia, symbiotic bacteria living within filarial nematodes, may be involved in disease progression, Wolbachia-specific immune responses were assayed in a group of Brugia malayi-infected rhesus monkeys. Serum IgG antibodies specific for a major Wolbachia surface protein (WSP) were detected in 2 of 12 infected monkeys. It is interesting that both of these monkeys developed lymphedema after becoming amicrofilaremic. WSP-specific antibody responses were temporally associated with increases in antifilarial IgG1 antibodies as well as lymphedema development. These findings suggest that Wolbachia may be important in understanding disease caused by filarial worms. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Univ Georgia, Dept Cellular Biol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Tulane Univ, Sch Med, Tulane Reg Primate Res Ctr, Dept Parasitol, Covington, LA USA. New England Biolabs Inc, Beverly, MA 01915 USA. RP Lammie, PJ (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Parasit Dis, Mailstop F-13,4770 Buford Hwy, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 15 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 6 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1899 J9 J INFECT DIS JI J. Infect. Dis. PD AUG 1 PY 2001 VL 184 IS 3 BP 385 EP 389 DI 10.1086/322023 PG 5 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 454FK UT WOS:000169961600022 PM 11443570 ER PT J AU Flint, M Abrigo, B Tinkle, S AF Flint, M Abrigo, B Tinkle, S TI Restraint-induced modification of Langerhans cell morphology and migration in BALB/c mice is dependent upon timing of restraint SO JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NIOSH, CDC, TMBB, Morgantown, WV 26505 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-202X J9 J INVEST DERMATOL JI J. Invest. Dermatol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 117 IS 2 MA 337 BP 446 EP 446 PG 1 WC Dermatology SC Dermatology GA 466WC UT WOS:000170668300369 ER PT J AU Adje, CA Bile, CE Kestens, L Koblavi-Deme, S Ghys, PD Maurice, C Kalou-Badirou, M Kabran, N Ekpini, RE Roels, TH Wiktor, SZ Nkengasong, JN AF Adje, CA Bile, CE Kestens, L Koblavi-Deme, S Ghys, PD Maurice, C Kalou-Badirou, M Kabran, N Ekpini, RE Roels, TH Wiktor, SZ Nkengasong, JN TI Lack of effect of chemokine receptor CCR2b gene polymorphism (64I) on HIV-1 plasma RNA viral load and immune activation among HIV-1 seropositive female workers in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE CCR2b; HIV-1; viral load; immune activation ID DISEASE PROGRESSION; AIDS PROGRESSION; INFECTION; ALLELE; TRANSMISSION; MUTATIONS; CCR2-64I; GENOTYPE; VARIANTS AB The prevalence of the CCR2b-V641 mutation among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive and -seronegative female workers and the potential effect of heterozygosity of this mutation on HIV-1 plasma RNA viral load and markers of immune activation were assessed. CCR2b-V641 was detected by polymerase chain reaction, followed by restriction enzymes analysis; plasma viral load was measured by the Amplicor HIV-1 monitor assay and CD4(+) T-cell counts and markers of immune activation by standard three-color FACscan flow cytometry. Of the 260 female workers, 56 (21.5%) were heterozygous for CCR2b-V641, and 8 (3%) were homozygous. Of the 99 HIV-seronegative female workers, 19 (19.2%) were heterozygous for the CCR2b-V641 mutation compared with 37 (23%) of the 161 HIV-seropositive FSW (P=0.47). In a univariate analysis of viral load among HIV-seropositive FSW, no difference was noted between those heterozygous for or without the mutation; both groups had plasma viral loads of 5.0 log(10) copies/ml. After controlling for the effects of CD4(+) T-cell counts in a multivariate analysis, no significant difference was observed between the groups in viral load or in markers of immune activation. The data suggest that the presence of the CCR2b mutation has no effect on HIV-1 plasma viral load and markers of immune activation in our study population. The finding that the frequency of this mutation is similar in HIV-seropositive and -seronegative female workers suggests that its presence is not associated with increased risk of HIV infection. J. Med. Virol. 64:398-401, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Projet RETRO CI, Virol Lab, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. CDCP, Div HIV AIDS Prevent Surveillance & Epidemiol, Natl Ctr STD HIV & TB Prevent, Atlanta, GA USA. Inst Trop Med, B-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. RP Nkengasong, JN (reprint author), Projet RETRO CI, Virol Lab, BP 1712, Abidjan 01, Cote Ivoire. NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 BP 398 EP 401 DI 10.1002/jmv.1064 PG 4 WC Virology SC Virology GA 449CW UT WOS:000169667600002 PM 11468722 ER PT J AU Xu, WH Erdman, DD AF Xu, WH Erdman, DD TI Type-specific identification of human adenovirus 3, 7, and 21 by a multiplex PCR assay SO JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY LA English DT Article DE serotype; primer; respiratory virus ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; ACUTE RESPIRATORY-DISEASE; GENOME TYPE 7H; SUBGENUS-B; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY; RAPID IDENTIFICATION; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; CLINICAL-SAMPLES; YOUNG-CHILDREN; INFECTIONS AB Human adenovirus (Ad) serotypes 3, 7, and 21 of DNA cluster B:1 are often associated with severe respiratory illness, particularly in infants and young children and, in addition to Ad4, are among the most important causes of acute respiratory disease syndrome in new military recruits. To address the inherent problems associated with classic typing methods, we developed a multiplex PCR assay for the rapid, specific identification of Ad3, Ad7, and Ad21 field isolates. To design type-specific primers for our assay, we sequenced the Ad21 hexon gene and compared this sequence with previously published sequences of Ad3, Ad7, and Ad16. The overall nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) identities between Ad21 and Ad3, Ad7, and Ad16 were similar (ranges 78.3-80.8% nt; 84.1-86.2% aa), with significantly greater variability in the regions of the hexon that encode surface loops 1 and 2. Type-specific primers designed to the hypervariable regions correctly identified Ad3, Ad7, and Ad21 prototype strains and 53 previously typed Ad field isolates. No cross-reactions with other Ad serotypes were identified. Our multiplex PCR assay for type-specific identification of Ad3, Ad7, and Ad21 isolates will provide a rapid and convenient tool for the epidemiologic investigation of Ad-associated respiratory illness. J. Med. Virol. 64:537-542, 2001. (C) 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.(dagger). C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DVRD, REVB, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Erdman, DD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, NCID, DVRD, REVB, Mailstop G-09,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 56 TC 41 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI NEW YORK PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 605 THIRD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10158-0012 USA SN 0146-6615 J9 J MED VIROL JI J. Med. Virol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 64 IS 4 BP 537 EP 542 DI 10.1002/jmv.1083 PG 6 WC Virology SC Virology GA 449CW UT WOS:000169667600021 PM 11468741 ER PT J AU Crill, WD Roehrig, JT AF Crill, WD Roehrig, JT TI Monoclonal antibodies that bind to domain III of dengue virus E glycoprotein are the most efficient blockers of virus adsorption to Vero cells SO JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY LA English DT Article ID BORNE ENCEPHALITIS-VIRUS; ENVELOPE PROTEIN; NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY; FAB FRAGMENTS; RECEPTOR; ENTRY; MUTAGENESIS; ATTACHMENT; VIRULENCE; TYPE-2 AB The specific mechanisms by which antibodies neutralize flavivirus infectivity are not completely understood. To study these mechanisms in more detail, we analyzed the ability of a well-defined set of anti-dengue (DEN) virus E-glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to block virus adsorption to Vero cells. In contrast to previous studies, the binding sites of these MAbs were localized to one of three structural domains (I, II, and III) in the E glycoprotein. The results indicate that most MAbs that neutralize virus infectivity do so, at least in part, by the blocking of virus adsorption. However, MAbs specific for domain III were the strongest blockers of virus adsorption. These results extend our understanding of the structure-function relationships in the E glycoprotein of DEN virus and provide the first direct evidence that domain III encodes the primary flavivirus receptor-binding motif. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. RP Crill, WD (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Arbovirus Dis Branch, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Publ Hlth Serv,US Dept HHS, POB 2087, Ft Collins, CO 80522 USA. OI Roehrig, John/0000-0001-7581-0479 NR 25 TC 323 Z9 343 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0022-538X J9 J VIROL JI J. Virol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 75 IS 16 BP 7769 EP 7773 DI 10.1128/JVI.75.16.7769-7773.2001 PG 5 WC Virology SC Virology GA 456QD UT WOS:000170093000059 PM 11462053 ER PT J AU Crews, JE Campbell, VA AF Crews, JE Campbell, VA TI Health conditions, activity limitations, and participation restrictions among older people with visual impairments SO JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS LA English DT Article ID NURSING-HOME RESIDENTS; IMPAIRED VISION; DISABILITY; DEPRESSION; REHABILITATION; PREVALENCE; COMMUNITY; AMERICANS; PROJECT; TRENDS AB Data from the Second Supplement on Aging (1994) were analyzed to evaluate the presence of selected medical conditions, performance of basic and instrumental activities of daily living, and participation in life situations in two groups of visually impaired elders (persons aged 70-74 and persons aged 85 years or older) and two other groups of elders in the same age groups who are not visually impaired. Results indicated that, for both age groups, visual impairment is a significant risk factor for additional medical conditions, activity limitations, and participation restrictions. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Crews, JE (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Birth Defects & Dev Disabil, 4770 Buford Highway,F-35, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 44 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FOUNDATION BLIND PI NEW YORK PA J VISUAL IMPAIRMENT BLINDNESS 11 PENN PLAZA SUITE 300, NEW YORK, NY 10001 USA SN 0145-482X J9 J VISUAL IMPAIR BLIN JI J. Vis. Impair. Blind. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 95 IS 8 BP 453 EP 467 PG 15 WC Rehabilitation SC Rehabilitation GA 461QZ UT WOS:000170376100003 ER PT J AU Lasker, BA Elie, CM Lott, TJ Espinel-Ingroff, A Gallagher, L Kuykendall, RJ Kellum, ME Pruitt, WR Warnock, DW Rimland, D Mcneil, MM Reiss, E AF Lasker, BA Elie, CM Lott, TJ Espinel-Ingroff, A Gallagher, L Kuykendall, RJ Kellum, ME Pruitt, WR Warnock, DW Rimland, D Mcneil, MM Reiss, E TI Molecular epidemiology of Candida albicans strains isolated from the oropharynx of HIV-positive patients at successive clinic visits SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AIDS; antifungal drug susceptibility; candidiasis; molecular typing ID HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS; INFECTED PATIENTS; ORAL CANDIDIASIS; IN-VITRO; FLUCONAZOLE; DNA; RESISTANCE; AIDS; IDENTIFICATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY AB Candida albicans strain diversity and fluconazole resistance were prospectively analyzed in oral strains from 29 adult human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients followed for >1 year who had five or more culture-positive clinic visits. Molecular typing consisted of genomic blots probed with the Ca3 repetitive element. Sixteen patients had one or more episodes of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), 12 (75%) maintained the original genotype, whereas the remaining four patients had a succession of 2-3 genotypes. The original genotype, either alone or mixed with another strain or with non-C. albicans Candida spp., was recovered from oral lesions in 13 of 15 evaluable (86.7%) patients. C dubliniensis was the infecting yeast in the remaining two patients. Different patterns of fluconazole resistance occurred in three OPC patients. One patient's infecting strain became less susceptible. A second patient was infected with a resistant genotype and a progressively more susceptible minor genotype variant. C dubliniensis isolates from the third patient varied in susceptibility. Thirteen colonized patients who never developed OPC harbored a greater variety of C. albicans genotypes (2-6) than their infected counterparts (P=0.35). OPC patients maintained their original endogenous C albicans strains for prolonged periods, whether or not they demonstrated decreased in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole. The adaptation and maintenance of an endogenous C albicans strain within its host may be linked to as yet uncharacterized factors. C1 CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Med Coll Virginia, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Atlanta Vet Affairs Med Ctr, Decatur, GA USA. RP Reiss, E (reprint author), CDCP, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Mailstop G-11,1600 Clifton Rd NE, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU B I O S SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS LTD PI OXFORD PA 9 NEWTEC PLACE, MAGDALEN RD, OXFORD OX4 1RE, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 341 EP 352 PG 12 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 469YC UT WOS:000170842800006 PM 11556764 ER PT J AU McGinnis, MR Nordoff, N Li, RK Pasarell, L Warnock, DW AF McGinnis, MR Nordoff, N Li, RK Pasarell, L Warnock, DW TI Sporothrix schenckii sensitivity to voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B SO MEDICAL MYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE amphotericin B; itraconazole; Sporothrix schenckii; voriconazole ID IN-VITRO ACTIVITY; PATHOGENS; COMMON; FUNGI AB One hundred clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii were tested against voriconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B using a modification of the NCCLS M27-A in vitro yeast susceptibility testing procedure. NCCLS M38-P for moulds was not used because yeast forms may have been present when the test isolates were incubated at 35 +/-1 degreesC. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were: voriconazole 0.5-8 (geometric mean titer 6.50) mug ml(-1); itraconazole 0.03-8 (geometric mean titer 1.56) mug ml(-1); and amphotericin B 0.25-2 (geometric mean titer 1.23) mug, ml(-1). The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were: voriconazole 2-8 (geometric mean titer 7.67) mug ml(-1); itraconazole 0.125-8 (geometric mean titer 7.41) l mug ml(-1); and amphotericin B 0.125-2 (geometric mean titer 1.53) mug ml(-1). Based upon MIC values, sensitivity to amphotericin B is strain-dependent. S. schenckii is more sensitive to itraconazole than voriconazole based upon a comparison of MIC geometric means, even though the MIC ranges were essentially the same. C1 Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Mycot Dis Branch, Div Bacterial & Mycot Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP McGinnis, MR (reprint author), Univ Texas, Med Branch, Dept Pathol, 301 Univ Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. NR 6 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU B I O S SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS LTD PI OXFORD PA 9 NEWTEC PLACE, MAGDALEN RD, OXFORD OX4 1RE, ENGLAND SN 1369-3786 J9 MED MYCOL JI Med. Mycol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 39 IS 4 BP 369 EP 371 DI 10.1080/714031044 PG 3 WC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences SC Infectious Diseases; Mycology; Veterinary Sciences GA 469YC UT WOS:000170842800009 PM 11556767 ER PT J AU Gilmore, RD Mbow, ML Stevenson, B AF Gilmore, RD Mbow, ML Stevenson, B TI Analysis of Borrelia burgdorferi gene expression during life cycle phases of the tick vector Ixodes scapularis SO MICROBES AND INFECTION LA English DT Article DE borreliae; RT-PCR; Ixodes; Lyme disease; gene expression ID OUTER-SURFACE-PROTEIN; LYME-DISEASE SPIROCHETE; 32-KILOBASE CIRCULAR PLASMIDS; OPEN READING FRAMES; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; DIFFERENTIAL EXPRESSION; IN-VITRO; FAMILY; B31 AB Borrelia burgdoiferi exists in nature via an enzootic cycle whereby the organism must adapt to the diverse environmental conditions provided inside the arthropod transmission vector and the mammalian reservoir hosts. B. burgdoferi genes shown to be regulated by temperature, pH and/or cell density during the organism's growth in culture medium were assayed for expression during various stages of the tick feeding cycle by reverse transcript ion-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). ospA, ospC, flaB, erpA/I/N, erpB/J/0, rev and mlpA, were transcriptionally active following the larval and nymphal stages of feeding as determined by qualitative RT-PCR. During tick resting periods between feedings, ospC, mlpA and rev transcription were undetectable, in contrast to ospA, flaB, erpA/I/N and erpB/J/0. bba64, a gene induced by environmental changes in culture and expressed during mammalian infection, was not detectable during any of the tick life cycle phases. Quantitative PCR to determine B. burgdoiferi genome equivalents in these tick samples using DNA co-purified with the RNA allowed an estimation of gene expression relative to the numbers of B. burgdorferi present in the ticks. Although the spirochete totals varied widely between individual tick pools of fed, replete nymphs, the relative expression ratios between individual target genes following a nymphal feed were comparable. Similarly, borrelial gene transcription from the larval feeding and the nymphal feeding were observed and compared. These findings analogize B. burgdorferi gene expression observed by environmental stimuli in vitro with the transcriptional activity occurring during the organism's infectious cycle within the tick. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. C1 CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, PHS,US Dept HHS, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Kentucky, Coll Med, Dept Microbiol & Immunol, Lexington, KY USA. RP Gilmore, RD (reprint author), CDCP, Div Vector Borne Infect Dis, Natl Ctr Infect Dis, PHS,US Dept HHS, POB 2087,Foothills Campus, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. FU NIAID NIH HHS [R01-AI44254] NR 50 TC 104 Z9 105 U1 2 U2 8 PU EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES MEDICALES ELSEVIER PI PARIS CEDEX 15 PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75724 PARIS CEDEX 15, FRANCE SN 1286-4579 J9 MICROBES INFECT JI Microbes Infect. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 3 IS 10 BP 799 EP 808 DI 10.1016/S1286-4579(01)01435-6 PG 10 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 472UY UT WOS:000171004400003 PM 11580974 ER PT J AU Tripp, RA Jones, LP Haynes, LM Zheng, HQ Murphy, PM Anderson, LJ AF Tripp, RA Jones, LP Haynes, LM Zheng, HQ Murphy, PM Anderson, LJ TI CX3C chemokine mimicry by respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein SO NATURE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; BALB/C MICE; F-PROTEIN; CHEMOTACTIC RECEPTOR; VIRAL REPLICATION; TRACT DISEASE; RSV CHALLENGE; SUBGROUP-B; IN-VITRO; INFECTION AB Chemokines are chemoattractant proteins that are divided into subfamilies based upon cysteine signature motifs termed C, CC, CXC and CX3C. Chemokines have roles in immunity and inflammation that affect cell trafficking and activation of T cells as well as cells of the innate immune system. We report here CX3C chemokine mimicry for the G glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and show binding to CX3CRI-the specific receptor for the CX3C chemokine fractalkine-and induction of leukocyte chemotaxis. We also show that CX3CRI facilitates RSV infection of cells. Thus, G glycoprotein interaction with CX3CRI probably plays a key role in the biology of RSV infection. C1 Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Atlanta, GA USA. NIAID, Host Def Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Tripp, RA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Div Viral & Rickettsial Dis, Resp & Enter Virus Branch, Mailstop G-09,1600 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA USA. OI Tripp, Ralph/0000-0002-2924-9956 NR 46 TC 223 Z9 235 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATURE AMERICA INC PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1529-2908 J9 NAT IMMUNOL JI Nat. Immunol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 2 IS 8 BP 732 EP 738 DI 10.1038/90675 PG 7 WC Immunology SC Immunology GA 459BN UT WOS:000170230100016 PM 11477410 ER PT J AU Barrett, DH Morris, RD Akhtar, FZ Michalek, JE AF Barrett, DH Morris, RD Akhtar, FZ Michalek, JE TI Serum dioxin and cognitive functioning among veterans of Operation Ranch Hand SO NEUROTOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dioxin; epidemiology; herbicide; cognitive function; memory; TCDD ID AGENT-ORANGE; EXPOSURE; HEALTH; VIETNAM AB We used the Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery, the Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised, the Wechsler memory scale, and the wide range achievement test to assess cognitive functioning among Air Force veterans exposed to Agent Orange and its contaminant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (dioxin), during the Vietnam war The index subjects were veterans of Operation Ranch Hand (N = 937), the unit responsible for aerial herbicide spraying in Vietnam from 1962 to 1971. A comparison group of other Air Force veterans (N = 1052), who served in Southeast Asia during the same period but were not involved with spraying herbicides served as referents. Cognitive functioning was assessed in 1982, and dioxin levels were measured in 1987 and 1992. We assigned each Ranch Hand veteran to the background, low, or high dioxin exposure category on the basis of a measurement of dioxin body burden. Although we found no global effect of dioxin exposure on cognitive functioning, we did find that several measures of memory functioning were decreased among veterans with the highest dioxin exposure.. These results became more distinct when we restricted the analysis to enlisted personnel, the subgroup with the highest dioxin levels. An analysis based on dioxin quintiles in the combined cohort produced consistent results, with veterans in the fifth quintile exhibiting reduced verbal memory function. Although statistically significant, these differences were relatively small and of uncertain clinical significance. Published by Elsevier Science Inc. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. SpecPro Inc, San Antonio, TX USA. Georgia State Univ, Dept Psychol, Atlanta, GA 30303 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Div Environm Hazards & Hlth Effects, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Michalek, JE (reprint author), USAF, Res Lab, Brooks AFB, TX 78235 USA. NR 28 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU INTOX PRESS INC PI LITTLE ROCK PA PO BOX 24865, LITTLE ROCK, AR 72221 USA SN 0161-813X J9 NEUROTOXICOLOGY JI Neurotoxicology PD AUG PY 2001 VL 22 IS 4 BP 491 EP 502 DI 10.1016/S0161-813X(01)00051-1 PG 12 WC Neurosciences; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Neurosciences & Neurology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 474QJ UT WOS:000171118100008 PM 11577806 ER PT J AU Koprowski, C Coates, RJ Bernstein, L AF Koprowski, C Coates, RJ Bernstein, L TI Ability of young women to recall past body size and age at menarche SO OBESITY RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE body weight; height; recall; body size; age at menarche ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; WEIGHT; ACCURACY; LIFE; DIET AB Objective: The ability of young women (n=132, average age 17 years) to recall body size and age at menarche was examined. The use of body silhouettes to assist women in recalling their body size at menarche and to represent their current body size was also evaluated. Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects, who previously participated in a cohort study, were asked to recall height and weight at the time of menarche, to select body silhouettes that best reflected their body shape at the time of menarche and their current body shape, and to recall age at menarche. Two sets of body silhouettes were developed, one representative of an adult body shape and another representative of an adolescent body shape. Results: Pearson correlation coefficients between the adult and adolescent body figures and actual body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) at the time of menarche were not significantly different (r=0.82 for adult figures vs. r=0.72 for adolescent figures, p>0.05). The correlation between actual BMI at the time of menarche and body silhouette (r=0.77, all subjects) was similar to the correlation between actual and recalled BMI at the time of menarche (r=0.83) as well as the correlation between current BMI and current body silhouette (r=0.75). Recalled and actual ages at menarche were highly correlated (r=0.83). Discussion: The recall of body shape was considered to be a less precise measure of body size than asking about height and weight, but use of body silhouettes may offer advantages in certain situations. C1 Univ So Calif, Keck Sch Med, Dept Prevent Med, Los Angeles, CA USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Koprowski, C (reprint author), Calif State Univ Northridge, Dept Family Environm Sci, 18111 Nordhoff St, Northridge, CA 91330 USA. FU NICHD NIH HHS [N01-HD-3-3175] NR 24 TC 66 Z9 67 U1 2 U2 3 PU NORTH AMER ASSOC STUDY OBESITY PI ROCHESTER PA C/O DR MICHAEL JENSEN, MAYO MEDICAL CENTER, MAYO CLIN 200 FIRST ST, SW, ROCHESTER, MN 55905 USA SN 1071-7323 J9 OBES RES JI Obes. Res. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 9 IS 8 BP 478 EP 485 DI 10.1038/oby.2001.62 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 465QN UT WOS:000170601600007 PM 11500528 ER PT J AU Saraiya, M Lee, NC Blackman, D Smith, MJ Morrow, B McKenna, MA AF Saraiya, M Lee, NC Blackman, D Smith, MJ Morrow, B McKenna, MA TI Self-reported Papanicolaou smears and hysterectomies among women in the United States SO OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CERVICAL-CANCER; DISEASE; RISK AB OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the potential overuse of Papanicolaou smears among women who have had a hysterectomy. METHODS: We analyzed two surveys of US women aged 18 years or older, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (1992-1997) and the National Health Interview Survey (1993-1994), and one survey of US hospitals (National Hospital Discharge Survey, 1980-1997). We examined die number of women who have had a hysterectomy who had a recent (within 3 years) Papanicolaou smear. We also examined trends in the proportions and rates of hysterectomies by diagnoses and type of procedure that potentially could require a Papanicolaou smear. RESULTS: From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, an estimated 21.2% of US women have had a hysterectomy. Among women who have had a hysterectomy, 78.3% had a recent Papanicolaou smear. Among those reporting no hysterectomy, 82.1% had a recent papanicolaou smear. Estimates from the National Health Interview Survey were similar. From the National Hospital Discharge Survey, an estimated 6.7% to 15.4% of women with a history of hysterectomy would require a subsequent Papanicolaou smear because they had a diagnosis related to cervical neoplasia or because they had undergone a supracervical hysterectomy. For an estimated 10.6-11.6 million of the 12.5 million women who had a hysterectomy and a recent Papanicolaou smear, that test could be considered unnecessary. CONCLUSION: Continued Papanicolaou screening of women without an intact uteri may result in excessive use of resources in time and money with minimal impact on decreasing cervical cancer. (C) 2001 by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. C1 Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. Klemm Anal Grp, Atlanta, GA USA. RP Saraiya, M (reprint author), Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Canc Prevent & Control, Epidemiol & Hlth Serv Res Branch, Natl Ctr Chron Dis Prevent & Hlth Promot, 4770 Buford Highway,NE K-55, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. NR 33 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 655 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10010 USA SN 0029-7844 J9 OBSTET GYNECOL JI Obstet. Gynecol. PD AUG PY 2001 VL 98 IS 2 BP 269 EP 278 DI 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01447-8 PG 10 WC Obstetrics & Gynecology SC Obstetrics & Gynecology GA 457LT UT WOS:000170139300015 PM 11506844 ER EF